660 lines
520 KiB
JSON
660 lines
520 KiB
JSON
{
|
||
"feeds": [
|
||
{
|
||
"name": "少数派",
|
||
"url": "https://sspai.com/feed",
|
||
"folder": "IT"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"name": "老郭种树",
|
||
"url": "https://guozh.net/feed/",
|
||
"folder": "IT"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"name": "国家人文历史",
|
||
"url": "https://plink.anyfeeder.com/weixin/gjrwls",
|
||
"folder": "人文历史"
|
||
}
|
||
],
|
||
"updateTime": 60,
|
||
"filtered": [
|
||
{
|
||
"name": "Favorites",
|
||
"read": true,
|
||
"unread": true,
|
||
"filterTags": [],
|
||
"filterFolders": [],
|
||
"filterFeeds": [],
|
||
"ignoreTags": [],
|
||
"ignoreFeeds": [],
|
||
"ignoreFolders": [],
|
||
"favorites": true,
|
||
"sortOrder": "ALPHABET_NORMAL"
|
||
}
|
||
],
|
||
"saveLocation": "custom",
|
||
"displayStyle": "list",
|
||
"saveLocationFolder": "04-博客文章/04-RSS",
|
||
"items": [
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "少数派",
|
||
"subtitle": "",
|
||
"link": "https://sspai.com",
|
||
"image": null,
|
||
"description": "少数派致力于更好地运用数字产品或科学方法，帮助用户提升工作效率和生活品质",
|
||
"items": [
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "本周看什么 | 最近值得一看的 10 部作品",
|
||
"description": "☕️TL;DR近期佳作推荐：[日剧]想一个人死去、[港剧]麻甩妈咪、[国产]淬火年代、[美剧]镀金时代第三季、[电影]即兴卧底、[动画]章鱼哔的原罪、[动画]胆大党第二季、[动画]克雷瓦提斯-魔兽之王 ...<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/100788\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
|
||
"content": "☕️TL;DR近期佳作推荐：[日剧]想一个人死去、[港剧]麻甩妈咪、[国产]淬火年代、[美剧]镀金时代第三季、[电影]即兴卧底、[动画]章鱼哔的原罪、[动画]胆大党第二季、[动画]克雷瓦提斯-魔兽之王 ...<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/100788\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
|
||
"category": "",
|
||
"link": "https://sspai.com/post/100788",
|
||
"creator": "少数派编辑部",
|
||
"pubDate": "Fri, 04 Jul 2025 18:05:33 +0800",
|
||
"enclosure": "",
|
||
"enclosureType": "",
|
||
"image": "",
|
||
"id": "",
|
||
"language": "zh",
|
||
"folder": "IT",
|
||
"feed": "少数派",
|
||
"read": false,
|
||
"favorite": false,
|
||
"created": false,
|
||
"tags": [],
|
||
"hash": "cde5b20eccb62338957513f40f29868f",
|
||
"highlights": []
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "《日本全境漫游计划》作者 Simon 都装了啥？",
|
||
"description": "按：@SIMON_是少数派长期作者，此前以文笔清晰、图片优美的《日本浮生录》系列文章收获了很多关注，最近还结集个人经验，上线了新栏目《日本全境漫游计划》。本期《装了啥》中，我们除了请他分享自己常用的软 ...<a href=\"https://sspai.com/prime/story/zuanglesha-250704\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a><p>本文为会员文章，出自<a href=\"https://sspai.com/prime/precog/single\" target=\"_blank\">《单篇文章》</a >，订阅后可阅读全文。</p >",
|
||
"content": "按：@SIMON_是少数派长期作者，此前以文笔清晰、图片优美的《日本浮生录》系列文章收获了很多关注，最近还结集个人经验，上线了新栏目《日本全境漫游计划》。本期《装了啥》中，我们除了请他分享自己常用的软 ...<a href=\"https://sspai.com/prime/story/zuanglesha-250704\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a><p>本文为会员文章，出自<a href=\"https://sspai.com/prime/precog/single\" target=\"_blank\">《单篇文章》</a >，订阅后可阅读全文。</p >",
|
||
"category": "",
|
||
"link": "https://sspai.com/prime/story/zuanglesha-250704",
|
||
"creator": "SIMON_",
|
||
"pubDate": "Fri, 04 Jul 2025 17:46:44 +0800",
|
||
"enclosure": "",
|
||
"enclosureType": "",
|
||
"image": "",
|
||
"id": "",
|
||
"language": "zh",
|
||
"folder": "IT",
|
||
"feed": "少数派",
|
||
"read": false,
|
||
"favorite": false,
|
||
"created": false,
|
||
"tags": [],
|
||
"hash": "302780de4d440d7d9d342befa0a56559",
|
||
"highlights": []
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "你真的不需要一部无反时代的哈苏相机",
|
||
"description": "当我半年前卖掉哈苏X2D和XCD80/1.9的时候，心里只有一个想法：终于结束了。在哈苏X2DII发售之前，按照过往的营销手段和国内对哈苏的迷恋，想必又能形成一个热点话题。在这之前我想和大家聊聊我对哈 ...<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/99993\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
|
||
"content": "当我半年前卖掉哈苏X2D和XCD80/1.9的时候，心里只有一个想法：终于结束了。在哈苏X2DII发售之前，按照过往的营销手段和国内对哈苏的迷恋，想必又能形成一个热点话题。在这之前我想和大家聊聊我对哈 ...<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/99993\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
|
||
"category": "",
|
||
"link": "https://sspai.com/post/99993",
|
||
"creator": "Zaze",
|
||
"pubDate": "Fri, 04 Jul 2025 15:28:19 +0800",
|
||
"enclosure": "",
|
||
"enclosureType": "",
|
||
"image": "",
|
||
"id": "",
|
||
"language": "zh",
|
||
"folder": "IT",
|
||
"feed": "少数派",
|
||
"read": false,
|
||
"favorite": false,
|
||
"created": false,
|
||
"tags": [],
|
||
"hash": "d26f327faf28f4c4f2ebfcf3d339e440",
|
||
"highlights": []
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "App+1 | 可以显示提醒事项的菜单栏日历：xCal",
|
||
"description": "xCal 作为一款实用的菜单栏小查看节假日、农历等信息菜单栏日历，还能同步显示提醒事项。<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/99555\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
|
||
"content": "xCal 作为一款实用的菜单栏小查看节假日、农历等信息菜单栏日历，还能同步显示提醒事项。<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/99555\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
|
||
"category": "",
|
||
"link": "https://sspai.com/post/99555",
|
||
"creator": "lyx",
|
||
"pubDate": "Fri, 04 Jul 2025 11:30:17 +0800",
|
||
"enclosure": "",
|
||
"enclosureType": "",
|
||
"image": "",
|
||
"id": "",
|
||
"language": "zh",
|
||
"folder": "IT",
|
||
"feed": "少数派",
|
||
"read": false,
|
||
"favorite": false,
|
||
"created": false,
|
||
"tags": [],
|
||
"hash": "a54af76bf6a4a36c503a221ac90f07d1",
|
||
"highlights": []
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "派早报：Perplexity Max 订阅上线，英特尔跨设备互联 Unison 服务退役",
|
||
"description": "Switch 2 被发现通过加密手段限制 USB-C 视频输出的兼容性，微软发布 DirectStorage 1.3。<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/100769\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
|
||
"content": "Switch 2 被发现通过加密手段限制 USB-C 视频输出的兼容性，微软发布 DirectStorage 1.3。<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/100769\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
|
||
"category": "",
|
||
"link": "https://sspai.com/post/100769",
|
||
"creator": "少数派编辑部",
|
||
"pubDate": "Fri, 04 Jul 2025 08:16:46 +0800",
|
||
"enclosure": "",
|
||
"enclosureType": "",
|
||
"image": "",
|
||
"id": "",
|
||
"language": "zh",
|
||
"folder": "IT",
|
||
"feed": "少数派",
|
||
"read": false,
|
||
"favorite": false,
|
||
"created": false,
|
||
"tags": [],
|
||
"hash": "4ce922b53d6e381653ffba99d52b4e4b",
|
||
"highlights": []
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "甲骨文了不起，研究它们的人更了不起",
|
||
"description": "本期节目中，Nick 邀请到了《了不起的甲骨文》作者、甲骨文研究者李右溪，听她讲讲甲骨文背后的轶事，以及她对于「如何把科普书写得好看」的思考。<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/100736\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
|
||
"content": "本期节目中，Nick 邀请到了《了不起的甲骨文》作者、甲骨文研究者李右溪，听她讲讲甲骨文背后的轶事，以及她对于「如何把科普书写得好看」的思考。<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/100736\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
|
||
"category": "",
|
||
"link": "https://sspai.com/post/100736",
|
||
"creator": "少数派播客",
|
||
"pubDate": "Thu, 03 Jul 2025 17:00:00 +0800",
|
||
"enclosure": "",
|
||
"enclosureType": "",
|
||
"image": "",
|
||
"id": "",
|
||
"language": "zh",
|
||
"folder": "IT",
|
||
"feed": "少数派",
|
||
"read": false,
|
||
"favorite": false,
|
||
"created": false,
|
||
"tags": [],
|
||
"hash": "c47937befeff11eb810da60dba598c45",
|
||
"highlights": []
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "敬畏热度、保持热情：如何在夏季坚持跑步",
|
||
"description": "无论你是初跑者，还是跑步老手，相信这份「夏季跑步指南」都能帮助到你。<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/74342\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
|
||
"content": "无论你是初跑者，还是跑步老手，相信这份「夏季跑步指南」都能帮助到你。<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/74342\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
|
||
"category": "",
|
||
"link": "https://sspai.com/post/74342",
|
||
"creator": "文猫",
|
||
"pubDate": "Thu, 03 Jul 2025 16:42:36 +0800",
|
||
"enclosure": "",
|
||
"enclosureType": "",
|
||
"image": "",
|
||
"id": "",
|
||
"language": "zh",
|
||
"folder": "IT",
|
||
"feed": "少数派",
|
||
"read": false,
|
||
"favorite": false,
|
||
"created": false,
|
||
"tags": [],
|
||
"hash": "a37c452aeb568d4255f26e4f4a0eb9ea",
|
||
"highlights": []
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "用多维表格搭建个人图书馆，不再「买书如山倒，读书如抽丝」",
|
||
"description": "当我发现自己买了几本重复的书之后，就意识到是时候搭建一个管理书籍的系统了……工具的选择个人图书管理现在有若干App和小程序能解决这事，但基本都需要收费，且有跑路/不维护的风险。在豆瓣「买书如山倒，读书 ...<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/99683\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
|
||
"content": "当我发现自己买了几本重复的书之后，就意识到是时候搭建一个管理书籍的系统了……工具的选择个人图书管理现在有若干App和小程序能解决这事，但基本都需要收费，且有跑路/不维护的风险。在豆瓣「买书如山倒，读书 ...<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/99683\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
|
||
"category": "",
|
||
"link": "https://sspai.com/post/99683",
|
||
"creator": "Zaze",
|
||
"pubDate": "Thu, 03 Jul 2025 11:17:08 +0800",
|
||
"enclosure": "",
|
||
"enclosureType": "",
|
||
"image": "",
|
||
"id": "",
|
||
"language": "zh",
|
||
"folder": "IT",
|
||
"feed": "少数派",
|
||
"read": false,
|
||
"favorite": false,
|
||
"created": false,
|
||
"tags": [],
|
||
"hash": "02c91d4be681cc28da6f96d4ab028cb0",
|
||
"highlights": []
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "派早报：铭凡推出 N5 系列混合 NAS、X 平台推出 AI 笔记功能等",
|
||
"description": "Windows 11 记事本支持 Markdown 格式、X 平台推出 AI 笔记功能等。<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/100749\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
|
||
"content": "Windows 11 记事本支持 Markdown 格式、X 平台推出 AI 笔记功能等。<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/100749\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
|
||
"category": "",
|
||
"link": "https://sspai.com/post/100749",
|
||
"creator": "少数派编辑部",
|
||
"pubDate": "Thu, 03 Jul 2025 08:28:43 +0800",
|
||
"enclosure": "",
|
||
"enclosureType": "",
|
||
"image": "",
|
||
"id": "",
|
||
"language": "zh",
|
||
"folder": "IT",
|
||
"feed": "少数派",
|
||
"read": false,
|
||
"favorite": false,
|
||
"created": false,
|
||
"tags": [],
|
||
"hash": "c7c501ba0b98e1768b3a3c2bb789b541",
|
||
"highlights": []
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "夏日虽然热，但也不耽误打扮：一份通用的男生夏季穿搭指南",
|
||
"description": "Matrix首页推荐Matrix是少数派的写作社区，我们主张分享真实的产品体验，有实用价值的经验与思考。我们会不定期挑选Matrix最优质的文章，展示来自用户的最真实的体验和观点。文章代表作者个人观点 ...<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/100661\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
|
||
"content": "Matrix首页推荐Matrix是少数派的写作社区，我们主张分享真实的产品体验，有实用价值的经验与思考。我们会不定期挑选Matrix最优质的文章，展示来自用户的最真实的体验和观点。文章代表作者个人观点 ...<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/100661\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
|
||
"category": "",
|
||
"link": "https://sspai.com/post/100661",
|
||
"creator": "程天冲",
|
||
"pubDate": "Wed, 02 Jul 2025 17:30:00 +0800",
|
||
"enclosure": "",
|
||
"enclosureType": "",
|
||
"image": "",
|
||
"id": "",
|
||
"language": "zh",
|
||
"folder": "IT",
|
||
"feed": "少数派",
|
||
"read": false,
|
||
"favorite": false,
|
||
"created": false,
|
||
"tags": [],
|
||
"hash": "18cda6bfce1aae98e209c4d669e48bea",
|
||
"highlights": []
|
||
}
|
||
],
|
||
"folder": "IT",
|
||
"name": "少数派",
|
||
"language": "zh",
|
||
"hash": "d9197e2da5d3c561cffcf5b5a6241e47"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "老郭种树",
|
||
"subtitle": "",
|
||
"link": "https://guozh.net",
|
||
"image": "\n\t",
|
||
"description": "好好学习 天天向上",
|
||
"items": [
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "【周记、复盘、计划】2025-07-03 学个技能吧",
|
||
"description": "复盘 一，六月去了一趟长沙，趁着 618，想给房子买床和沙发之类，顺便一家三口聚一聚。上半年老婆和小孩在老家，<span class=\"read-more\"> <a href=\"https://guozh.net/lets-learn-a-skill/\">继续阅读»</a></span>",
|
||
"content": "复盘 一，六月去了一趟长沙，趁着 618，想给房子买床和沙发之类，顺便一家三口聚一聚。上半年老婆和小孩在老家，<span class=\"read-more\"> <a href=\"https://guozh.net/lets-learn-a-skill/\">继续阅读»</a></span>",
|
||
"category": "三省吾身",
|
||
"link": "https://guozh.net/lets-learn-a-skill/",
|
||
"creator": "guozh",
|
||
"pubDate": "Thu, 03 Jul 2025 06:44:37 +0000",
|
||
"enclosure": "",
|
||
"enclosureType": "",
|
||
"image": "",
|
||
"id": "",
|
||
"language": "zh",
|
||
"folder": "IT",
|
||
"feed": "老郭种树",
|
||
"read": true,
|
||
"favorite": false,
|
||
"created": false,
|
||
"tags": [],
|
||
"hash": "82bf58d7fe1bde78d3ccf1bf35a69dd3",
|
||
"highlights": []
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "【周记、复盘、计划】2025-05-30 AI 是 90 后的风口",
|
||
"description": "复盘 一，上个月，五一放假前我要赶项目，要赶在放假前将项目第一个版本发出来。其实工作内容挺重的，但借助 AI，<span class=\"read-more\"> <a href=\"https://guozh.net/ai-is-an-opportunity-for-the-post-90s-generation/\">继续阅读»</a></span>",
|
||
"content": "复盘 一，上个月，五一放假前我要赶项目，要赶在放假前将项目第一个版本发出来。其实工作内容挺重的，但借助 AI，<span class=\"read-more\"> <a href=\"https://guozh.net/ai-is-an-opportunity-for-the-post-90s-generation/\">继续阅读»</a></span>",
|
||
"category": "三省吾身",
|
||
"link": "https://guozh.net/ai-is-an-opportunity-for-the-post-90s-generation/",
|
||
"creator": "guozh",
|
||
"pubDate": "Fri, 30 May 2025 08:45:41 +0000",
|
||
"enclosure": "",
|
||
"enclosureType": "",
|
||
"image": "",
|
||
"id": "",
|
||
"language": "zh",
|
||
"folder": "IT",
|
||
"feed": "老郭种树",
|
||
"read": false,
|
||
"favorite": false,
|
||
"created": false,
|
||
"tags": [],
|
||
"hash": "f3dee8aa9aaa80d81d70c37de3922121",
|
||
"highlights": []
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "【周记、复盘、计划】2025-04-28 AI 也能当教练",
|
||
"description": "马上放五一假了，今天晚上坐车去广州南，明天坐车回老家，今天来聊聊近况。 复盘 一，我仔细算了下，认真学英语大概<span class=\"read-more\"> <a href=\"https://guozh.net/ai-can-also-be-a-coach/\">继续阅读»</a></span>",
|
||
"content": "马上放五一假了，今天晚上坐车去广州南，明天坐车回老家，今天来聊聊近况。 复盘 一，我仔细算了下，认真学英语大概<span class=\"read-more\"> <a href=\"https://guozh.net/ai-can-also-be-a-coach/\">继续阅读»</a></span>",
|
||
"category": "三省吾身",
|
||
"link": "https://guozh.net/ai-can-also-be-a-coach/",
|
||
"creator": "guozh",
|
||
"pubDate": "Mon, 28 Apr 2025 06:55:23 +0000",
|
||
"enclosure": "",
|
||
"enclosureType": "",
|
||
"image": "",
|
||
"id": "",
|
||
"language": "zh",
|
||
"folder": "IT",
|
||
"feed": "老郭种树",
|
||
"read": false,
|
||
"favorite": false,
|
||
"created": false,
|
||
"tags": [],
|
||
"hash": "0e49ad622f3e73f59783e82fef015d8d",
|
||
"highlights": []
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "【周记、复盘、计划】2025-03-31 降低预期然后自私点",
|
||
"description": "复盘 1，这个月运动量还行，可能是我近几年运动最规律的一段时间。上班日，每天早上走路或者跑步去公司，大概 6 <span class=\"read-more\"> <a href=\"https://guozh.net/lower-expectations-and-be-selfish/\">继续阅读»</a></span>",
|
||
"content": "复盘 1，这个月运动量还行，可能是我近几年运动最规律的一段时间。上班日，每天早上走路或者跑步去公司，大概 6 <span class=\"read-more\"> <a href=\"https://guozh.net/lower-expectations-and-be-selfish/\">继续阅读»</a></span>",
|
||
"category": "三省吾身",
|
||
"link": "https://guozh.net/lower-expectations-and-be-selfish/",
|
||
"creator": "guozh",
|
||
"pubDate": "Mon, 31 Mar 2025 12:18:26 +0000",
|
||
"enclosure": "",
|
||
"enclosureType": "",
|
||
"image": "",
|
||
"id": "",
|
||
"language": "zh",
|
||
"folder": "IT",
|
||
"feed": "老郭种树",
|
||
"read": false,
|
||
"favorite": false,
|
||
"created": false,
|
||
"tags": [],
|
||
"hash": "7d428c3a18ec6d71a5f80e7fd770e05c",
|
||
"highlights": []
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "【周记、复盘、计划】2025-02-28 吃补剂、AI 组合用、我的理想运动",
|
||
"description": "最近太忙了，手上事情非常多，这个月也过比我想象快，今天是二月最后一天了，拿出时间做个简单记录。 复盘 1，开年<span class=\"read-more\"> <a href=\"https://guozh.net/ai-combination-ideal-exercise-plan/\">继续阅读»</a></span>",
|
||
"content": "最近太忙了，手上事情非常多，这个月也过比我想象快，今天是二月最后一天了，拿出时间做个简单记录。 复盘 1，开年<span class=\"read-more\"> <a href=\"https://guozh.net/ai-combination-ideal-exercise-plan/\">继续阅读»</a></span>",
|
||
"category": "三省吾身",
|
||
"link": "https://guozh.net/ai-combination-ideal-exercise-plan/",
|
||
"creator": "guozh",
|
||
"pubDate": "Fri, 28 Feb 2025 13:16:58 +0000",
|
||
"enclosure": "",
|
||
"enclosureType": "",
|
||
"image": "",
|
||
"id": "",
|
||
"language": "zh",
|
||
"folder": "IT",
|
||
"feed": "老郭种树",
|
||
"read": false,
|
||
"favorite": false,
|
||
"created": false,
|
||
"tags": [],
|
||
"hash": "803768992d8f5e70016bd600eae64417",
|
||
"highlights": []
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "2025 去香港买苹果产品便宜多少？中银汇丰开户、广东省内外如何走方便",
|
||
"description": "周末去香港买了台苹果笔记本 Macbook Pro M4 Pro，顺便办理了两张香港银行卡，分别是中银香港和汇<span class=\"read-more\"> <a href=\"https://guozh.net/2025-go-to-hong-kong-to-buy-apple-products/\">继续阅读»</a></span>",
|
||
"content": "周末去香港买了台苹果笔记本 Macbook Pro M4 Pro，顺便办理了两张香港银行卡，分别是中银香港和汇<span class=\"read-more\"> <a href=\"https://guozh.net/2025-go-to-hong-kong-to-buy-apple-products/\">继续阅读»</a></span>",
|
||
"category": "生产力",
|
||
"link": "https://guozh.net/2025-go-to-hong-kong-to-buy-apple-products/",
|
||
"creator": "guozh",
|
||
"pubDate": "Sun, 16 Feb 2025 02:03:42 +0000",
|
||
"enclosure": "",
|
||
"enclosureType": "",
|
||
"image": "",
|
||
"id": "",
|
||
"language": "zh",
|
||
"folder": "IT",
|
||
"feed": "老郭种树",
|
||
"read": false,
|
||
"favorite": false,
|
||
"created": false,
|
||
"tags": [],
|
||
"hash": "1ea6054b25597cfd3b26b280f9715b9f",
|
||
"highlights": []
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "我的 2024 年个人总结",
|
||
"description": "趁着还在公司，趁着放假前还能严肃正经的在电脑前写点文字，我把 2024 年做个总结，是回顾也是检查，检查有没有<span class=\"read-more\"> <a href=\"https://guozh.net/my-personal-summary-for-2024/\">继续阅读»</a></span>",
|
||
"content": "趁着还在公司，趁着放假前还能严肃正经的在电脑前写点文字，我把 2024 年做个总结，是回顾也是检查，检查有没有<span class=\"read-more\"> <a href=\"https://guozh.net/my-personal-summary-for-2024/\">继续阅读»</a></span>",
|
||
"category": "老巢",
|
||
"link": "https://guozh.net/my-personal-summary-for-2024/",
|
||
"creator": "guozh",
|
||
"pubDate": "Wed, 22 Jan 2025 11:00:20 +0000",
|
||
"enclosure": "",
|
||
"enclosureType": "",
|
||
"image": "",
|
||
"id": "",
|
||
"language": "zh",
|
||
"folder": "IT",
|
||
"feed": "老郭种树",
|
||
"read": false,
|
||
"favorite": false,
|
||
"created": false,
|
||
"tags": [],
|
||
"hash": "99b94b86125fd727458a892190aa8dc3",
|
||
"highlights": []
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "密码保护：给咱合伙人吾妻的一封信 2024",
|
||
"description": "无法提供摘要。这是一篇受保护的文章。",
|
||
"content": "无法提供摘要。这是一篇受保护的文章。",
|
||
"category": "老巢",
|
||
"link": "https://guozh.net/a-letter-to-my-wife-2024/",
|
||
"creator": "guozh",
|
||
"pubDate": "Sun, 19 Jan 2025 00:02:01 +0000",
|
||
"enclosure": "",
|
||
"enclosureType": "",
|
||
"image": "",
|
||
"id": "",
|
||
"language": "zh",
|
||
"folder": "IT",
|
||
"feed": "老郭种树",
|
||
"read": false,
|
||
"favorite": false,
|
||
"created": false,
|
||
"tags": [],
|
||
"hash": "1a92747d5519b2e342efcf6b26434e08",
|
||
"highlights": []
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "【周记、复盘、计划】2024-12-31 女儿给我的启发",
|
||
"description": "复盘 久违了我的博客，很惭愧，十一月份忘记更新了，抓住十二月份的尾巴，分享下近况。 1，我女儿一岁半还不太会说<span class=\"read-more\"> <a href=\"https://guozh.net/inspiration-from-my-daughter/\">继续阅读»</a></span>",
|
||
"content": "复盘 久违了我的博客，很惭愧，十一月份忘记更新了，抓住十二月份的尾巴，分享下近况。 1，我女儿一岁半还不太会说<span class=\"read-more\"> <a href=\"https://guozh.net/inspiration-from-my-daughter/\">继续阅读»</a></span>",
|
||
"category": "三省吾身",
|
||
"link": "https://guozh.net/inspiration-from-my-daughter/",
|
||
"creator": "guozh",
|
||
"pubDate": "Tue, 31 Dec 2024 09:56:01 +0000",
|
||
"enclosure": "",
|
||
"enclosureType": "",
|
||
"image": "",
|
||
"id": "",
|
||
"language": "zh",
|
||
"folder": "IT",
|
||
"feed": "老郭种树",
|
||
"read": false,
|
||
"favorite": false,
|
||
"created": false,
|
||
"tags": [],
|
||
"hash": "e6b037dd5ebc95cfeab47434c52f5aba",
|
||
"highlights": []
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "【周记、复盘、计划】2024-10-31 我需要什么",
|
||
"description": "复盘 1，加上 3 天调休，国庆回家一共呆了 11 天，算过了个小长假，没做什么正经事，闲在家里。印象深刻的一<span class=\"read-more\"> <a href=\"https://guozh.net/what-do-i-need/\">继续阅读»</a></span>",
|
||
"content": "复盘 1，加上 3 天调休，国庆回家一共呆了 11 天，算过了个小长假，没做什么正经事，闲在家里。印象深刻的一<span class=\"read-more\"> <a href=\"https://guozh.net/what-do-i-need/\">继续阅读»</a></span>",
|
||
"category": "三省吾身",
|
||
"link": "https://guozh.net/what-do-i-need/",
|
||
"creator": "guozh",
|
||
"pubDate": "Fri, 01 Nov 2024 03:03:29 +0000",
|
||
"enclosure": "",
|
||
"enclosureType": "",
|
||
"image": "",
|
||
"id": "",
|
||
"language": "zh",
|
||
"folder": "IT",
|
||
"feed": "老郭种树",
|
||
"read": false,
|
||
"favorite": false,
|
||
"created": false,
|
||
"tags": [],
|
||
"hash": "7e108441bfee284adb2756884bd898ac",
|
||
"highlights": []
|
||
}
|
||
],
|
||
"folder": "IT",
|
||
"name": "老郭种树",
|
||
"language": "zh",
|
||
"hash": "596cf1fe617b9d62bf016499218134e2"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "国家人文历史",
|
||
"subtitle": "",
|
||
"link": "http://weixin.sogou.com/weixin?type=1&s_from=input&query=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2",
|
||
"image": null,
|
||
"description": "人民日报社主管主办，原名《文史参考》，“真相、趣味、良知”，为学术界搭建话语平台，为新锐者提供思想阵地，为文史爱好者营造精神家园。",
|
||
"items": [
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "从皮甲到铁铠：蒙古战马的防护升级与骑兵巅峰",
|
||
"description": "<div><div><div class=\"rich_media_content\" id=\"js_content\"><section style=\"margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 8px; white-space: normal; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJxdXiby5XB2BE6S0ulr9Fs213uZ85nlxAalcgRcLFiaSVdOVlrtCZRibIw/640?wx_fmt=gif\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KjFKTleVzHq5flE9NTUofI4xyKRgaVousvEPwXczHlZoZ7fpDcjPwZw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" style=\"width: 577px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><p><span><span>本 文 约 5200 字</span></span></p><section><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\"><p><span align=\"\" alt=\"\" border=\"\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" height=\"\" hspace=\"\" ismap=\"ismap\" src=\"\" title=\"\" type=\"block\" usemap=\"\" vspace=\"\" width=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px;\"><span>阅 读 需 要 15 分 钟</span></span><span><span> </span></span></span></p></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>《元史</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>·太祖本纪》里称赞：</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">“帝（成吉思汗）深沉有大略，用兵如神。”</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在成吉思汗重创金朝之后，他的战略重心开始转移，史诗一般的西征即将开始。</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p><span><p></p></span></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>遭遇罗斯</span></font></span><span><br /></span></font></b></p></section></section></section><section><span><p></p></span></section></section><p><span><p><span> </span></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1219</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>年春，成吉思汗召开“忽里勒台</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（宗王与大臣会议）</span></span><span>”，决意发动西征。在蒙古大军的强大攻势下，貌似强大的花剌子模不堪一击，仅仅一年多时间里，富庶的河中</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（阿姆河与锡尔河之间）</span></span><span>地区沦陷，摩诃末算端被迫逃亡。成吉思汗派大将哲别和速不台追击摩诃末，于是蒙古大军更进一步进入波斯等西亚地区，甚至越过高加索山脉来到欧洲。</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1222</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>年冬，蒙古军在钦察草原驻冬。这里有水草丰美的牧场，蒙古士兵夸赞说，他们的战马在这里如同在故乡斡难河畔和怯绿连河畔一样自由自在。被夺去领地的钦察酋长向基辅逃去，向罗斯各公国求援。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KZ470dj8YybltCiclU7W9icYI7glruRY2Q5v5YNdZibJnJ9Pv9mPZbhNkA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4Kd7sjjo5T0IN7h11ygaQiblGU8MKEiaTRhC2LuyNjthkqEF871XlkCCdg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>罗斯人起而迎战，并组织了一支按中世纪标准显得非常庞大的军队</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>——可能多达</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>10</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>万之众。各罗斯公国的军队构成大同小异，由王公的亲兵队和城市千人队</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（步兵）</span></span><span>组成。罗斯王公军队的核心，毫无疑问是他们的亲兵</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">boyar</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>——通常是骑兵。其兵器和战马通常由王公提供。为了战争的需要，王公往往饲养大量马群，并设置马厩长一职，由他们负责管理战马。罗斯的亲兵是王公们的常备军。他们与当时以坚韧著称的蒙古军队相比亦毫不逊色，绝不是可以轻视的对手。而且，由于与强悍的突厥部落</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（波洛伏齐人）</span></span><span>多次交锋，罗斯人对付游牧骑兵有相当丰富的经验。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>与其他游牧骑兵一样，蒙古军队非常擅长诱敌深入的战术。一支部队在发动一场令人畏惧的攻击之后，分散并逃跑，以诱使敌人穷追不舍。敌人骑兵奋勇追击逃跑的蒙古军队，以为自己马上就要胜利了。在后方看不到的地方，蒙古弓箭手设下埋伏。敌人骑兵来到这些人面前时，便被箭雨驱散，其中许多人被击中倒下马来。这时，敌军陷入混乱并遭受严重伤亡，对发动突袭的重骑兵已毫无抵御之力。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KFA6fSvvCEhv6CgtBXANVecbBicCW4npSRI9xq3xsZcRFsNo3lbFEfCQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4K2fGeusVz2nBOUyyz28yuNOHrqI7Onnnk3PgFXtZE0q86MC3RXEGBbw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>当时的蒙古军队更胜一筹的是，将这样一个战术动作变成了具有战略意义的机动。在第聂伯河畔，蒙古骑射手在河东岸向罗斯人射箭。罗斯军队一部悍然渡过第聂伯河，与蒙古军接战，轻易击溃佯败的蒙古前锋军，更俘杀受伤落马的蒙古军将领。这次小胜使得罗斯人更加轻视陌生的对手，在他们看来，蒙古人比波洛伏齐人更为不堪，随即全军渡过第聂伯河，寻求与蒙古军队决战。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>蒙古军示敌以弱，全军东撤。罗斯军队及钦察盟军不分昼夜地追赶蒙古军，</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1223</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>年</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>5</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>月，终于在流入亚速海的卡尔卡</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">Kalka</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>河附近“赶上”了蒙古人。在这里，哲别和速不台已经选好对蒙古军最有利的地形。卡尔卡河周围是一片平坦广阔的草原，蒙古军队可以无阻碍地行动。而河流本身虽然相当狭窄，甚至不及当时弓箭的射程，故而并不是一个不可逾越的障碍，但是足以减缓罗斯骑兵的前进速度，并妨碍任何撤退行动。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>为了不让敌人在长途急行军后有片刻的喘息，同时也是担心蒙古军可能再一次逃跑，信心百倍的罗斯王公们整顿了战斗队列，渡过卡尔卡河，随即遭到以逸待劳的蒙古军的迎头痛击。罗斯与钦察的骑兵被击溃。而步兵肩并肩，排成人墙阵形紧密地站在一起，他们不知道将面临怎样的对手，只有下决心保持战斗队形不被打乱。可是蒙古骑兵在斯拉夫人武器的射程之外停了下来，在那里向罗斯步兵队列万箭齐发。罗斯士兵只能眼睁睁地看着周围的同伴纷纷倒在血泊之中，却无法有效反击蒙古军队。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>罗斯士兵没有人能用剑与蒙古兵短兵相接，没有人能将长矛投向他们，或拿着棍棒追击他们，最后只能全军覆没。蒙古人随即渡过卡尔卡河，将残余的罗斯军队歼灭。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>多达</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>8</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>至</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>10</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>万的罗斯军队就这样全军覆没。《诺夫哥罗德编年史》记述：</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">“无数的人被杀死了，哀号悲泣之声遍及城乡各处。”</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>蒙古人的第一次西征也就此接近尾声。实际上，哲别、速不台军对高加索地区及罗斯的进攻只是一次战略武力侦察，他们的作战经验，以及在战斗中对蒙古人原本并不熟悉的欧洲军队的了解，对于蒙古人未来的大规模西征无疑是有用处的。可以说，正是这次西征开启了一张大幕，敲响了下一次大规模西征的开场锣鼓。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KhZ4Mg3tPKP0icAyEqANnLibKZEaEfLyicI5nryLw8c6H3thyZicgGwjZvg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 357px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KsQdsN58kXahBUNibp0MFeIY1ZVRy1tkp4bNCEJGtmDYpQOnlUlRCLsw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><span><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>西征巅峰</span></font><span><br /></span></font></span></font></b></p></section></section></section><section><span><p></p></span></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1236</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>—</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1241</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>年的第二次西征是著名的蒙古三次西征中的第二次，也是规模最大的一次。相比成吉思汗时代，这一时期的蒙古骑兵装备有了一些变化。意大利传教士约翰·柏朗嘉宾</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">Jean de Plan Carpin</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在这次西征后出使蒙古草原，甚至参加了元定宗贵由</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（成吉思汗之孙</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span><span>的登基典礼。由于这个有利条件，他为后人留下了当时蒙古军队装备的珍贵记载。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>从柏朗嘉宾的记述看，蒙古骑兵的战马，不一定披甲。这可能是出于战术和经济两方面的原因。在战术上，游牧轻骑兵以机动性见长，战士自身都可能不披甲，马匹自然也是轻装上阵。而从经济上看，蒙古骑士往往人有数马，战马体躯较大，马甲所需要的原料也多、制作数量过多的马甲并不合算。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KrUHkxjHRwq5NpAZWlqJnAUmbI5IpuR2OaPgmcdVibzUwFOe8dnWQW3w/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KjS7XicE2nOTXCWBbPrRicnWd8kv7G2sZx0Eg3qxWJc50hGq3A4WFibX0A/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>当时蒙古军</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“披挂马甲的战马，马腿同样也要保护起来” “甚至包括马甲都是用皮革作成的”。柏朗嘉宾注意到，“马甲是由五片皮革做成的：战马两侧各有一块、从尾至头一段，绑在马鞍上或马鞍后面的背部，或者是绑于马颈上；他们把另一片皮革置放在马的臀部，恰恰位于前两片系结的地方，并且在皮革片上挖一个洞以使马尾露出；他们把最后一片置于马匹的胸膛之前，一直让它垂到膝盖，至少要垂到大腿根。他们在马的前额部前放置一铁片，并且与披到马颈两侧的皮革片系结在一起。”值得注意的是，柏朗嘉宾还提道，一些蒙古军还装备了铁制的札甲，“既可以作为他们的马甲，也可以作为人的甲胄，他们将它擦得精光锃亮，甚至可以从中照镜子”。一些蒙古骑士及其战马装备了铁甲。这显然是从华北与河中地区获得铁原料与熟练工匠的结果。宋人在《黑鞑事略》里就说，蒙古灭花剌子模，“始有物产，始有工匠，始有器械”，到灭金</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">1234</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>以后，更是“百工之事，于是大备”了。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KxJUzWC7EXxpOoN3C5GsoekEXbpNqLNP3b7MTHjPd7Qv322nZOJLb9g/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KA2NmibpEemgt8kauxRRxhhcGpJYYZVEh5kwzIACuibHXicdgDoq95sqicQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>也正是因为这个原因，参加第二次西征的蒙古军队可能达到了自身的巅峰。他们轻而易举地横扫罗斯</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（而且是在冬季</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span><span>。</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1241</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>年初，西征的统帅，成吉思汗的孙子拔都已开始攻略波兰和匈牙利。在利格尼茨战役中，西里西亚大公亨利二世以条顿骑士为主力迎战蒙古军。这些骑着高头大马的欧洲骑士以其惯用的“楔形队形”出战，像一把坚不可摧的剑刃直插蒙古军阵地，却遭到骑射手张弓齐射。这些骑士身着锁子甲，马匹也穿着马衣，虽然防护性较好，但同时也带来机动性下降的问题，导致骑士的薄弱部位——战马四肢容易遭到攻击而使得马匹倒下。骑士在战斗中一旦其马匹被击倒或者从马上落下地来，自己就难以爬起，只能任人宰割。趁此机会，蒙古重骑兵攻击了混乱中的骑士们，杀死剩下骑士中的大多数。最后，连倒霉的亨利也丢了性命。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KkbG1icJHkIrIaNRvpP1KaFqYnUk8ykViaAvg7wSIFUeZyaC1jSuW8X0Q/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4Kh0LEdueGsS6LYfpicR5YGuWL8gUcWiaC7mMngXXibChuzQzdFpzAXW8eg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>接下来轮到匈牙利。蒙古军于</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1241</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>年</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>3</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>月</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>12</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>日攻破喀尔巴阡山关隘，沿蒂萨河上游河谷挺进。一些史料声称，匈牙利王国“因他们人多势大和甲兵强盛，目空一切，因此他们听见拔都临近的消息时，也用</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>40</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>万个以善战闻名、视逃跑可耻的骑兵，出发去迎击他”。尽管扩张，但匈牙利军队毫无疑问地在数量上占有优势。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>而蒙古军再一次在一个具有战略意义的规模上实施了屡试不爽的战术诡计。蒙古大军沿着来路退回，看样子似乎要向东方草原撤去。匈牙利人立即断定，蒙古人是被自己的兵力优势吓住了。于是，他们纷纷要求追击他们以为正在逃窜的蒙古人。匈牙利人转忧为喜，从担心蒙古人袭击的情绪，变成了跃跃欲试，要分享战利品和荣耀。在这样的压力与诱惑面前，匈牙利国王终于命令其军队追击蒙古人。结果，蒙古人用箭雨和重骑兵的攻击摧毁了匈牙利人的阵势。匈牙利骑兵仓皇逃跑；他们当中的许多人扔掉武器和盔甲，以使马跑得更快。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>但这是一个陷阱。就像柏朗嘉宾所说的，当蒙古人</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“偶然遇到敌人战斗得很好时，鞑靼人就放开一条路，让他们逃走；然后当敌人开始逃走并且互相分离时，就立即各个击破，这样，敌人在逃走时被屠杀的人，远比在交战中被杀的人多得多”。从心理学分析，在可以逃命的判断下，求生欲使其原本高涨的士气一泻千里，战斗意志将大大减弱，战斗力也因此大为削弱。蒙古骑兵正是抓住了大多数人对危险状况正常反应的心理，在最大程度减少自己伤亡的前提下，大量杀伤歼灭敌军。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>于是，蒙古轻骑兵在两侧追击匈牙利人，像击中无奈的猎物一样将其击落马下，匈牙利人尸横遍野。起码有</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>7</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>万人死在战场上或西逃的路上。而拔都的部下在打扫战场时，甚至缴获了匈牙利国王的印玺。当时德意志巴伐利亚的一个编年史家写道：“匈牙利在建国</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>350</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>年以后被鞑靼人消灭了。”蒙古大军横扫波兰与匈牙利，只用了三个月的时间，这在古代战争历史上，堪称“闪电战”。</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><span><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>遇到对手</span></font></font><span><br /></span></font></span></font></b></p></section></section></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>有一种说法，如果拔都麾下的西征军不是因为在</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1242</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>年初得知窝阔台大汗的死讯而东还，或许维也纳这座“音乐之都”在美妙的圆舞曲尚未诞生之前，便在蒙古铁骑之下沦为历史的陈迹了。但历史终究不容假设，蒙古骑兵再也不曾对欧洲发起过如此规模的攻势。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KPtyOsG4bN7Zv4QVOGK9mSYuIyKa3iak1fk9kDkRYw5ASEaHpZqiaJfdg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4K8QszVKGH3msCCkCbkDJ8UW3JCzCK9TC0vGFLhAiczhgkm1lhEvTOPlQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>究其原因，有内外两方面。从内部来说，距离铁木真称</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“成吉思汗”不过</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>60</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>年，在蒙哥汗去世后，蒙古帝国就逐渐分裂为东欧的钦察汗国</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（即金帐汗国）</span></span><span>、中亚的窝阔台汗国、察合台汗国、波斯</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（今伊朗）</span></span><span>的伊利汗国</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（旧译伊儿汗国）</span></span><span>以及作为这四大汗国宗主的元朝。其中钦察汗国更是与伊利汗国反目成仇，兵戎相见。“黄金家族”的分裂与内战，无疑削弱了蒙古骑兵继续发动对外征服战争的能力。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>从外部来讲，蒙古骑兵在战场上遇到的顽强抵抗也是一个重要原因。比如蒙古第三次西征尾声遇到的埃及马穆鲁克战士，绝对称得上是很强的对手。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KjJfuAmyLlbreyIQtWCJcnMWJuUBvZnW6FHO7MmA8YIZDt4hveC1VRw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KYI8iaDGNK1micjeQ8f6vj2HmkJyIwzyGj3iczFWYxiacR1tAibNnJISKEBQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>1260</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>年夏天，蒙古军的先锋抵达加沙地带，距离非洲只有一步之遥。马穆鲁克王朝无法对蒙古人的威胁视而不见，奋起迎战。后世波斯史学家认为马穆鲁克军队人数为</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1.2</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>万人，这个数字虽然不太可靠但并非毫无根据，因为阿育布王朝末期的埃及总共也只拥有</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>—</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1.2</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>万骑兵，考虑到当时的埃及进行了全国动员，马穆鲁克军队人数至多也可能只有此数。由于这次西征的统帅旭烈兀</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（伊利汗国的建立者）</span></span><span>已率主力东归，只给留守叙利亚的怯的不花留下了不超过</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1.2</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>万人的部队。应该说这是一个失策，虽然叙利亚并没有适合放牧马匹的草场，但作为阿拉伯世界最为富庶的肥沃新月地带，这里完全可以负担更多蒙古军队的给养。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>但这样一来，两军变得兵力相当，胜负对双方而言就显得相对公平。在艾因贾鲁特，也就是距约旦河左岸的贝桑西北</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>15</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>千米处，蒙古军与马穆鲁克军相遇了。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>相比蒙古西征时遇到的其他对手，马穆鲁克骑兵的战术反而是更</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“蒙古式”的。在作战时，马穆鲁克骑兵通常先采取守势，他们排成整齐的队形，用强弓一起齐射打击进攻的敌军；等到敌人阵形散乱以后，马穆鲁克骑兵才开始后发制人，发动攻击。身穿锁子甲的马穆鲁克骑兵会以严整的队形冲向敌阵，接近敌人时他们会先再施放一拨弓箭，然后冲入敌阵，用长矛或马刀与敌人格斗。大马士革弯刀是天下闻名的中世纪三大名刀之一。马穆鲁克骑兵的刀法极其出色，据说他们可以在策马疾驰时劈中悬挂在空中的一颗蜜枣。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>除了个体防护和武艺方面的优势，马穆鲁克骑兵还有另外的优势。他们的坐骑要比蒙古人的好：阿拉伯马是世界上最好的马种，身高腿长，冲刺速度极其惊人，耐力也不错。作为农业社会的埃及</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（尼罗河三角洲）</span></span><span>与叙利亚地区缺乏牧场，迫使马穆鲁克王朝不得不采用耗费高昂的饲料</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（大麦或者三叶草）</span></span><span>喂养马匹，这就限制了骑兵的规模。但每一位参战的马穆鲁克士兵在行军时至少都可以得到一头骆驼，这就在行程不远的本土作战时抵消了蒙古人的机动性优势。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KxpKibb1lkMN0rz53iaoEcuUUwMurGial2CYZenWElUnvG7zHaUxMnLQHA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 457px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KJ7nd4199j4KrOWTnM1cQNibo9BYnWX7yQQFlvxeTZxKxWy5Fela70KA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在艾因贾鲁特之战中，马穆鲁克人甚至以其人之道还治其人之身，设下诱敌之计。悍勇的怯的不花果然中计，他</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“像火海般地前进，对自己的力量和兵力充满了信心”，身先士卒发起进攻。当蒙古军队进入埋伏地点时，马穆鲁克人从埋伏处三方面杀将出来，向蒙古军猛扑过来。以骑射见长的蒙古骑兵其实不擅长近距离格斗，他们在与经过严格训练的马穆鲁克骑兵较量刀法时占不到任何便宜。双方从清晨肉搏厮杀到中午，蒙古军队最后抵抗不住而崩溃，残部向北溃逃。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>这场战役标志着蒙古人发起第三次西征以来一路高歌猛进的势头遭到遏制。由出生中亚与高加索奴隶组成的马穆鲁克军队清楚地表明，不可一世的蒙古骑兵事实上是可以被打败的。更具历史意义的是，艾因贾鲁特之战的胜利并不是偶然。之后的马穆鲁克人又几次击退了伊利汗国蒙古人的进攻。尤其是</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1303</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>年在大马士革附近的苏法尔草原之战中，面对正处于鼎盛时期的伊利汗国大军，马穆鲁克人俘虏蒙古士兵</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>万余人，缴获战马达</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>2</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>万匹，给蒙古军以毁灭性打击。从此之后，波斯的蒙古人对马穆鲁克人就再也无能为力了。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>蒙古人已经将冷兵器时代的骑兵推上巅峰，随着“火器时代”的来临，火器克制了骑兵的机动性——也让甲胄与马铠变得无用，游牧民族的骑兵在之后的历史里再也没有取得过如此之大的成就。</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p><span><p><span> </span></p></span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">本文改编自《国家人文历史》2025</span><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">年7月上，原标题为《从皮甲到铁铠 蒙古战马的防护升级与骑兵巅峰》，有删节，本文系“国家</span><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">人文历史”独家稿件，欢迎读者转发朋友圈。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><br /></span></p><section><section><section><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4s6XTkV1zgY7Ndw3fVeyGpxIIj30oUzpUnwIcafcXhx66GztUhxGc2FM8I09uwLbMwUFOQfZVGcg/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></section></section></section><section><span><span>END</span></span></section><section><span><span>作者 | </span><span>郭晔旻</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>编辑 | 胡心雅</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>主编 | 周斌</span></span></section><section><span><span>排版 | 徐沁（实习）</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>校对 | 张斌 彦文</span></span></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><span><span><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK6o0DTLAcjHUob1LlCbkiaCGeUicmbUPjIKiciad7l2ytYjz3bGBzNyAUu0aicCb4oWXbicQBJA96lk9Tug/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></span></span></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img __bg_gif\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/jiaTakLJVhFwVb6dkoTQOoKBCsic0GbcibzCntPc8OGgxu6Ha80H4ZPlbfYu2kN3kF9wKm1hicWCdibPPKHMPnib7icLg/640?wx_fmt=gif\" /></section><section><section><p><span><span>推荐</span><span><span> </span></span></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span>“马甲”一词</span></p><p><span>从冷兵器时代的战马嘶鸣</span></p><p><span>到霓裳羽衣的时尚舞台</span></p><p><span>其含义的沧海桑田</span></p><p><span>恰如一面棱镜</span></p><p><span>折射出华夏服饰文化</span></p><p><span>随社会变迁而流转生辉的壮阔历程</span></p><p><span>本期，就让我们一同走进这幅</span></p><p><span>从金戈铁马到衣冠风流的完整画卷</span></p><p><strong><span><span>点击下方封面，即可购买</span></span></strong></p><section><span><span>↓↓↓</span></span></section><section><a href=\"https://item.jd.com/10104931956869.html?sdx=ehi-lLxFuZiE6JnIaIZUic8oszWVDwwrsmpMs6ZDZduKPe_RLJxa7nTipUDgVGWS#crumb-wrap\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK7ibicuQGBVNNvibuQk7IAWBk0vXDIs4Z35GjSIFU5ydu8G6TMsyVdshBwGpezqaTezSfnPaMUkpH9eg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg\" /></span></a></section><section><section><section><h2 src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPQbfYUk2lKRJbtAXIuZ0kjicBeKbKicn7picTvdbH5bfuaoiazGOfbm8kw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558\"><section><section><section><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPPS2Tl0L42giakAlUSsWM2hKsLfDwrNFcLNgFaxPhQng3E9mCRE3tkg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558px\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651035606&idx=1&sn=95e5b910a9c15c3b861b33b6a6da3866&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcaIgQkEibvERBOGAaoicFhgsfmibxDTGK2z3uLHbhcvWGEYibV0hom5VW8CA/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span></a></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651035897&idx=1&sn=befda0705325843f84da3911012cad95&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcamtwvyMNyxgGfdgqCCu9GkBZl21VfOcYfkJRh5E0ArHl4UUBtbSzwRQ/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span></a></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><span><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcaohkRZ9cGSGGPakn9lRTzm4qIA3pNHn3EVXrsicT3De6T2ib5Slw6GsRQ/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span><span><br /></span></span></section></section></section></h2></section></section></section><section><span><section><h2 src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPQbfYUk2lKRJbtAXIuZ0kjicBeKbKicn7picTvdbH5bfuaoiazGOfbm8kw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558\"><span><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages __bg_gif wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJ0nGCQhDMIIg0L5icbmcctmcTvsgM0HwBpkXTF9ztE2MsQ8Tso0exnicA/640?wx_fmt=gif\" /></span></h2><section><span><span>“</span><strong><span>在看</span></strong><span>”的永远18岁~</span></span></section></section></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><section><section style=\"padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em; display: flex;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;\"></span></section></section></section></span></section><p style=\"display: none;\"></p></div>\n \n\n \n <br />\n\n \n <a class=\"media_tool_meta meta_primary\" href=\"http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651042173&idx=1&sn=27f5a01e9ddd69c0ba0d562971231990&chksm=bc3c9cb99d0ecb58c81348536c5c7f33443c5624892dfe566035581bc58c6f07f5139fd9609f&scene=0#rd\" style=\"color: blue;\" target=\"_blank\">文章原文</a>\n <br />\n \n\n \n\n <img alt=\"\" class=\"\" height=\"1px\" src=\"http://www.jintiankansha.me/rss_static/13443/1ugTXIJkLV\" style=\"width: 1px; height: 1px; display: none;\" width=\"1px\" /></div></div>",
|
||
"content": "<div><div><div class=\"rich_media_content\" id=\"js_content\"><section style=\"margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 8px; white-space: normal; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJxdXiby5XB2BE6S0ulr9Fs213uZ85nlxAalcgRcLFiaSVdOVlrtCZRibIw/640?wx_fmt=gif\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KjFKTleVzHq5flE9NTUofI4xyKRgaVousvEPwXczHlZoZ7fpDcjPwZw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" style=\"width: 577px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><p><span><span>本 文 约 5200 字</span></span></p><section><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\"><p><span align=\"\" alt=\"\" border=\"\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" height=\"\" hspace=\"\" ismap=\"ismap\" src=\"\" title=\"\" type=\"block\" usemap=\"\" vspace=\"\" width=\"\"><span style=\"color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px;\"><span>阅 读 需 要 15 分 钟</span></span><span><span> </span></span></span></p></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>《元史</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>·太祖本纪》里称赞：</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">“帝（成吉思汗）深沉有大略，用兵如神。”</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在成吉思汗重创金朝之后，他的战略重心开始转移，史诗一般的西征即将开始。</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p><span><p></p></span></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>遭遇罗斯</span></font></span><span><br /></span></font></b></p></section></section></section><section><span><p></p></span></section></section><p><span><p><span> </span></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1219</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>年春，成吉思汗召开“忽里勒台</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（宗王与大臣会议）</span></span><span>”，决意发动西征。在蒙古大军的强大攻势下，貌似强大的花剌子模不堪一击，仅仅一年多时间里，富庶的河中</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（阿姆河与锡尔河之间）</span></span><span>地区沦陷，摩诃末算端被迫逃亡。成吉思汗派大将哲别和速不台追击摩诃末，于是蒙古大军更进一步进入波斯等西亚地区，甚至越过高加索山脉来到欧洲。</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1222</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>年冬，蒙古军在钦察草原驻冬。这里有水草丰美的牧场，蒙古士兵夸赞说，他们的战马在这里如同在故乡斡难河畔和怯绿连河畔一样自由自在。被夺去领地的钦察酋长向基辅逃去，向罗斯各公国求援。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KZ470dj8YybltCiclU7W9icYI7glruRY2Q5v5YNdZibJnJ9Pv9mPZbhNkA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4Kd7sjjo5T0IN7h11ygaQiblGU8MKEiaTRhC2LuyNjthkqEF871XlkCCdg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>罗斯人起而迎战，并组织了一支按中世纪标准显得非常庞大的军队</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>——可能多达</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>10</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>万之众。各罗斯公国的军队构成大同小异，由王公的亲兵队和城市千人队</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（步兵）</span></span><span>组成。罗斯王公军队的核心，毫无疑问是他们的亲兵</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">boyar</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>——通常是骑兵。其兵器和战马通常由王公提供。为了战争的需要，王公往往饲养大量马群，并设置马厩长一职，由他们负责管理战马。罗斯的亲兵是王公们的常备军。他们与当时以坚韧著称的蒙古军队相比亦毫不逊色，绝不是可以轻视的对手。而且，由于与强悍的突厥部落</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（波洛伏齐人）</span></span><span>多次交锋，罗斯人对付游牧骑兵有相当丰富的经验。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>与其他游牧骑兵一样，蒙古军队非常擅长诱敌深入的战术。一支部队在发动一场令人畏惧的攻击之后，分散并逃跑，以诱使敌人穷追不舍。敌人骑兵奋勇追击逃跑的蒙古军队，以为自己马上就要胜利了。在后方看不到的地方，蒙古弓箭手设下埋伏。敌人骑兵来到这些人面前时，便被箭雨驱散，其中许多人被击中倒下马来。这时，敌军陷入混乱并遭受严重伤亡，对发动突袭的重骑兵已毫无抵御之力。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KFA6fSvvCEhv6CgtBXANVecbBicCW4npSRI9xq3xsZcRFsNo3lbFEfCQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4K2fGeusVz2nBOUyyz28yuNOHrqI7Onnnk3PgFXtZE0q86MC3RXEGBbw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>当时的蒙古军队更胜一筹的是，将这样一个战术动作变成了具有战略意义的机动。在第聂伯河畔，蒙古骑射手在河东岸向罗斯人射箭。罗斯军队一部悍然渡过第聂伯河，与蒙古军接战，轻易击溃佯败的蒙古前锋军，更俘杀受伤落马的蒙古军将领。这次小胜使得罗斯人更加轻视陌生的对手，在他们看来，蒙古人比波洛伏齐人更为不堪，随即全军渡过第聂伯河，寻求与蒙古军队决战。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>蒙古军示敌以弱，全军东撤。罗斯军队及钦察盟军不分昼夜地追赶蒙古军，</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1223</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>年</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>5</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>月，终于在流入亚速海的卡尔卡</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">Kalka</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>河附近“赶上”了蒙古人。在这里，哲别和速不台已经选好对蒙古军最有利的地形。卡尔卡河周围是一片平坦广阔的草原，蒙古军队可以无阻碍地行动。而河流本身虽然相当狭窄，甚至不及当时弓箭的射程，故而并不是一个不可逾越的障碍，但是足以减缓罗斯骑兵的前进速度，并妨碍任何撤退行动。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>为了不让敌人在长途急行军后有片刻的喘息，同时也是担心蒙古军可能再一次逃跑，信心百倍的罗斯王公们整顿了战斗队列，渡过卡尔卡河，随即遭到以逸待劳的蒙古军的迎头痛击。罗斯与钦察的骑兵被击溃。而步兵肩并肩，排成人墙阵形紧密地站在一起，他们不知道将面临怎样的对手，只有下决心保持战斗队形不被打乱。可是蒙古骑兵在斯拉夫人武器的射程之外停了下来，在那里向罗斯步兵队列万箭齐发。罗斯士兵只能眼睁睁地看着周围的同伴纷纷倒在血泊之中，却无法有效反击蒙古军队。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>罗斯士兵没有人能用剑与蒙古兵短兵相接，没有人能将长矛投向他们，或拿着棍棒追击他们，最后只能全军覆没。蒙古人随即渡过卡尔卡河，将残余的罗斯军队歼灭。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>多达</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>8</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>至</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>10</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>万的罗斯军队就这样全军覆没。《诺夫哥罗德编年史》记述：</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">“无数的人被杀死了，哀号悲泣之声遍及城乡各处。”</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>蒙古人的第一次西征也就此接近尾声。实际上，哲别、速不台军对高加索地区及罗斯的进攻只是一次战略武力侦察，他们的作战经验，以及在战斗中对蒙古人原本并不熟悉的欧洲军队的了解，对于蒙古人未来的大规模西征无疑是有用处的。可以说，正是这次西征开启了一张大幕，敲响了下一次大规模西征的开场锣鼓。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KhZ4Mg3tPKP0icAyEqANnLibKZEaEfLyicI5nryLw8c6H3thyZicgGwjZvg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 357px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KsQdsN58kXahBUNibp0MFeIY1ZVRy1tkp4bNCEJGtmDYpQOnlUlRCLsw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><span><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>西征巅峰</span></font><span><br /></span></font></span></font></b></p></section></section></section><section><span><p></p></span></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1236</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>—</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1241</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>年的第二次西征是著名的蒙古三次西征中的第二次，也是规模最大的一次。相比成吉思汗时代，这一时期的蒙古骑兵装备有了一些变化。意大利传教士约翰·柏朗嘉宾</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">Jean de Plan Carpin</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在这次西征后出使蒙古草原，甚至参加了元定宗贵由</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（成吉思汗之孙</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span><span>的登基典礼。由于这个有利条件，他为后人留下了当时蒙古军队装备的珍贵记载。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>从柏朗嘉宾的记述看，蒙古骑兵的战马，不一定披甲。这可能是出于战术和经济两方面的原因。在战术上，游牧轻骑兵以机动性见长，战士自身都可能不披甲，马匹自然也是轻装上阵。而从经济上看，蒙古骑士往往人有数马，战马体躯较大，马甲所需要的原料也多、制作数量过多的马甲并不合算。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KrUHkxjHRwq5NpAZWlqJnAUmbI5IpuR2OaPgmcdVibzUwFOe8dnWQW3w/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KjS7XicE2nOTXCWBbPrRicnWd8kv7G2sZx0Eg3qxWJc50hGq3A4WFibX0A/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>当时蒙古军</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“披挂马甲的战马，马腿同样也要保护起来” “甚至包括马甲都是用皮革作成的”。柏朗嘉宾注意到，“马甲是由五片皮革做成的：战马两侧各有一块、从尾至头一段，绑在马鞍上或马鞍后面的背部，或者是绑于马颈上；他们把另一片皮革置放在马的臀部，恰恰位于前两片系结的地方，并且在皮革片上挖一个洞以使马尾露出；他们把最后一片置于马匹的胸膛之前，一直让它垂到膝盖，至少要垂到大腿根。他们在马的前额部前放置一铁片，并且与披到马颈两侧的皮革片系结在一起。”值得注意的是，柏朗嘉宾还提道，一些蒙古军还装备了铁制的札甲，“既可以作为他们的马甲，也可以作为人的甲胄，他们将它擦得精光锃亮，甚至可以从中照镜子”。一些蒙古骑士及其战马装备了铁甲。这显然是从华北与河中地区获得铁原料与熟练工匠的结果。宋人在《黑鞑事略》里就说，蒙古灭花剌子模，“始有物产，始有工匠，始有器械”，到灭金</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">1234</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>以后，更是“百工之事，于是大备”了。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KxJUzWC7EXxpOoN3C5GsoekEXbpNqLNP3b7MTHjPd7Qv322nZOJLb9g/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KA2NmibpEemgt8kauxRRxhhcGpJYYZVEh5kwzIACuibHXicdgDoq95sqicQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>也正是因为这个原因，参加第二次西征的蒙古军队可能达到了自身的巅峰。他们轻而易举地横扫罗斯</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（而且是在冬季</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span><span>。</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1241</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>年初，西征的统帅，成吉思汗的孙子拔都已开始攻略波兰和匈牙利。在利格尼茨战役中，西里西亚大公亨利二世以条顿骑士为主力迎战蒙古军。这些骑着高头大马的欧洲骑士以其惯用的“楔形队形”出战，像一把坚不可摧的剑刃直插蒙古军阵地，却遭到骑射手张弓齐射。这些骑士身着锁子甲，马匹也穿着马衣，虽然防护性较好，但同时也带来机动性下降的问题，导致骑士的薄弱部位——战马四肢容易遭到攻击而使得马匹倒下。骑士在战斗中一旦其马匹被击倒或者从马上落下地来，自己就难以爬起，只能任人宰割。趁此机会，蒙古重骑兵攻击了混乱中的骑士们，杀死剩下骑士中的大多数。最后，连倒霉的亨利也丢了性命。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KkbG1icJHkIrIaNRvpP1KaFqYnUk8ykViaAvg7wSIFUeZyaC1jSuW8X0Q/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4Kh0LEdueGsS6LYfpicR5YGuWL8gUcWiaC7mMngXXibChuzQzdFpzAXW8eg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>接下来轮到匈牙利。蒙古军于</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1241</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>年</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>3</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>月</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>12</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>日攻破喀尔巴阡山关隘，沿蒂萨河上游河谷挺进。一些史料声称，匈牙利王国“因他们人多势大和甲兵强盛，目空一切，因此他们听见拔都临近的消息时，也用</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>40</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>万个以善战闻名、视逃跑可耻的骑兵，出发去迎击他”。尽管扩张，但匈牙利军队毫无疑问地在数量上占有优势。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>而蒙古军再一次在一个具有战略意义的规模上实施了屡试不爽的战术诡计。蒙古大军沿着来路退回，看样子似乎要向东方草原撤去。匈牙利人立即断定，蒙古人是被自己的兵力优势吓住了。于是，他们纷纷要求追击他们以为正在逃窜的蒙古人。匈牙利人转忧为喜，从担心蒙古人袭击的情绪，变成了跃跃欲试，要分享战利品和荣耀。在这样的压力与诱惑面前，匈牙利国王终于命令其军队追击蒙古人。结果，蒙古人用箭雨和重骑兵的攻击摧毁了匈牙利人的阵势。匈牙利骑兵仓皇逃跑；他们当中的许多人扔掉武器和盔甲，以使马跑得更快。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>但这是一个陷阱。就像柏朗嘉宾所说的，当蒙古人</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“偶然遇到敌人战斗得很好时，鞑靼人就放开一条路，让他们逃走；然后当敌人开始逃走并且互相分离时，就立即各个击破，这样，敌人在逃走时被屠杀的人，远比在交战中被杀的人多得多”。从心理学分析，在可以逃命的判断下，求生欲使其原本高涨的士气一泻千里，战斗意志将大大减弱，战斗力也因此大为削弱。蒙古骑兵正是抓住了大多数人对危险状况正常反应的心理，在最大程度减少自己伤亡的前提下，大量杀伤歼灭敌军。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>于是，蒙古轻骑兵在两侧追击匈牙利人，像击中无奈的猎物一样将其击落马下，匈牙利人尸横遍野。起码有</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>7</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>万人死在战场上或西逃的路上。而拔都的部下在打扫战场时，甚至缴获了匈牙利国王的印玺。当时德意志巴伐利亚的一个编年史家写道：“匈牙利在建国</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>350</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>年以后被鞑靼人消灭了。”蒙古大军横扫波兰与匈牙利，只用了三个月的时间，这在古代战争历史上，堪称“闪电战”。</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><span><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>遇到对手</span></font></font><span><br /></span></font></span></font></b></p></section></section></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>有一种说法，如果拔都麾下的西征军不是因为在</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1242</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>年初得知窝阔台大汗的死讯而东还，或许维也纳这座“音乐之都”在美妙的圆舞曲尚未诞生之前，便在蒙古铁骑之下沦为历史的陈迹了。但历史终究不容假设，蒙古骑兵再也不曾对欧洲发起过如此规模的攻势。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KPtyOsG4bN7Zv4QVOGK9mSYuIyKa3iak1fk9kDkRYw5ASEaHpZqiaJfdg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4K8QszVKGH3msCCkCbkDJ8UW3JCzCK9TC0vGFLhAiczhgkm1lhEvTOPlQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>究其原因，有内外两方面。从内部来说，距离铁木真称</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“成吉思汗”不过</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>60</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>年，在蒙哥汗去世后，蒙古帝国就逐渐分裂为东欧的钦察汗国</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（即金帐汗国）</span></span><span>、中亚的窝阔台汗国、察合台汗国、波斯</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（今伊朗）</span></span><span>的伊利汗国</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（旧译伊儿汗国）</span></span><span>以及作为这四大汗国宗主的元朝。其中钦察汗国更是与伊利汗国反目成仇，兵戎相见。“黄金家族”的分裂与内战，无疑削弱了蒙古骑兵继续发动对外征服战争的能力。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>从外部来讲，蒙古骑兵在战场上遇到的顽强抵抗也是一个重要原因。比如蒙古第三次西征尾声遇到的埃及马穆鲁克战士，绝对称得上是很强的对手。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KjJfuAmyLlbreyIQtWCJcnMWJuUBvZnW6FHO7MmA8YIZDt4hveC1VRw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KYI8iaDGNK1micjeQ8f6vj2HmkJyIwzyGj3iczFWYxiacR1tAibNnJISKEBQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>1260</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>年夏天，蒙古军的先锋抵达加沙地带，距离非洲只有一步之遥。马穆鲁克王朝无法对蒙古人的威胁视而不见，奋起迎战。后世波斯史学家认为马穆鲁克军队人数为</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1.2</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>万人，这个数字虽然不太可靠但并非毫无根据，因为阿育布王朝末期的埃及总共也只拥有</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>—</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1.2</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>万骑兵，考虑到当时的埃及进行了全国动员，马穆鲁克军队人数至多也可能只有此数。由于这次西征的统帅旭烈兀</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（伊利汗国的建立者）</span></span><span>已率主力东归，只给留守叙利亚的怯的不花留下了不超过</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1.2</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>万人的部队。应该说这是一个失策，虽然叙利亚并没有适合放牧马匹的草场，但作为阿拉伯世界最为富庶的肥沃新月地带，这里完全可以负担更多蒙古军队的给养。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>但这样一来，两军变得兵力相当，胜负对双方而言就显得相对公平。在艾因贾鲁特，也就是距约旦河左岸的贝桑西北</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>15</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>千米处，蒙古军与马穆鲁克军相遇了。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>相比蒙古西征时遇到的其他对手，马穆鲁克骑兵的战术反而是更</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“蒙古式”的。在作战时，马穆鲁克骑兵通常先采取守势，他们排成整齐的队形，用强弓一起齐射打击进攻的敌军；等到敌人阵形散乱以后，马穆鲁克骑兵才开始后发制人，发动攻击。身穿锁子甲的马穆鲁克骑兵会以严整的队形冲向敌阵，接近敌人时他们会先再施放一拨弓箭，然后冲入敌阵，用长矛或马刀与敌人格斗。大马士革弯刀是天下闻名的中世纪三大名刀之一。马穆鲁克骑兵的刀法极其出色，据说他们可以在策马疾驰时劈中悬挂在空中的一颗蜜枣。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>除了个体防护和武艺方面的优势，马穆鲁克骑兵还有另外的优势。他们的坐骑要比蒙古人的好：阿拉伯马是世界上最好的马种，身高腿长，冲刺速度极其惊人，耐力也不错。作为农业社会的埃及</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（尼罗河三角洲）</span></span><span>与叙利亚地区缺乏牧场，迫使马穆鲁克王朝不得不采用耗费高昂的饲料</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（大麦或者三叶草）</span></span><span>喂养马匹，这就限制了骑兵的规模。但每一位参战的马穆鲁克士兵在行军时至少都可以得到一头骆驼，这就在行程不远的本土作战时抵消了蒙古人的机动性优势。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KxpKibb1lkMN0rz53iaoEcuUUwMurGial2CYZenWElUnvG7zHaUxMnLQHA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 457px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KJ7nd4199j4KrOWTnM1cQNibo9BYnWX7yQQFlvxeTZxKxWy5Fela70KA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在艾因贾鲁特之战中，马穆鲁克人甚至以其人之道还治其人之身，设下诱敌之计。悍勇的怯的不花果然中计，他</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“像火海般地前进，对自己的力量和兵力充满了信心”，身先士卒发起进攻。当蒙古军队进入埋伏地点时，马穆鲁克人从埋伏处三方面杀将出来，向蒙古军猛扑过来。以骑射见长的蒙古骑兵其实不擅长近距离格斗，他们在与经过严格训练的马穆鲁克骑兵较量刀法时占不到任何便宜。双方从清晨肉搏厮杀到中午，蒙古军队最后抵抗不住而崩溃，残部向北溃逃。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>这场战役标志着蒙古人发起第三次西征以来一路高歌猛进的势头遭到遏制。由出生中亚与高加索奴隶组成的马穆鲁克军队清楚地表明，不可一世的蒙古骑兵事实上是可以被打败的。更具历史意义的是，艾因贾鲁特之战的胜利并不是偶然。之后的马穆鲁克人又几次击退了伊利汗国蒙古人的进攻。尤其是</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1303</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>年在大马士革附近的苏法尔草原之战中，面对正处于鼎盛时期的伊利汗国大军，马穆鲁克人俘虏蒙古士兵</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>万余人，缴获战马达</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>2</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>万匹，给蒙古军以毁灭性打击。从此之后，波斯的蒙古人对马穆鲁克人就再也无能为力了。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>蒙古人已经将冷兵器时代的骑兵推上巅峰，随着“火器时代”的来临，火器克制了骑兵的机动性——也让甲胄与马铠变得无用，游牧民族的骑兵在之后的历史里再也没有取得过如此之大的成就。</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p><span><p><span> </span></p></span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">本文改编自《国家人文历史》2025</span><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">年7月上，原标题为《从皮甲到铁铠 蒙古战马的防护升级与骑兵巅峰》，有删节，本文系“国家</span><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">人文历史”独家稿件，欢迎读者转发朋友圈。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><br /></span></p><section><section><section><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4s6XTkV1zgY7Ndw3fVeyGpxIIj30oUzpUnwIcafcXhx66GztUhxGc2FM8I09uwLbMwUFOQfZVGcg/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></section></section></section><section><span><span>END</span></span></section><section><span><span>作者 | </span><span>郭晔旻</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>编辑 | 胡心雅</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>主编 | 周斌</span></span></section><section><span><span>排版 | 徐沁（实习）</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>校对 | 张斌 彦文</span></span></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><span><span><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK6o0DTLAcjHUob1LlCbkiaCGeUicmbUPjIKiciad7l2ytYjz3bGBzNyAUu0aicCb4oWXbicQBJA96lk9Tug/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></span></span></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img __bg_gif\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/jiaTakLJVhFwVb6dkoTQOoKBCsic0GbcibzCntPc8OGgxu6Ha80H4ZPlbfYu2kN3kF9wKm1hicWCdibPPKHMPnib7icLg/640?wx_fmt=gif\" /></section><section><section><p><span><span>推荐</span><span><span> </span></span></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span>“马甲”一词</span></p><p><span>从冷兵器时代的战马嘶鸣</span></p><p><span>到霓裳羽衣的时尚舞台</span></p><p><span>其含义的沧海桑田</span></p><p><span>恰如一面棱镜</span></p><p><span>折射出华夏服饰文化</span></p><p><span>随社会变迁而流转生辉的壮阔历程</span></p><p><span>本期，就让我们一同走进这幅</span></p><p><span>从金戈铁马到衣冠风流的完整画卷</span></p><p><strong><span><span>点击下方封面，即可购买</span></span></strong></p><section><span><span>↓↓↓</span></span></section><section><a href=\"https://item.jd.com/10104931956869.html?sdx=ehi-lLxFuZiE6JnIaIZUic8oszWVDwwrsmpMs6ZDZduKPe_RLJxa7nTipUDgVGWS#crumb-wrap\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK7ibicuQGBVNNvibuQk7IAWBk0vXDIs4Z35GjSIFU5ydu8G6TMsyVdshBwGpezqaTezSfnPaMUkpH9eg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg\" /></span></a></section><section><section><section><h2 src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPQbfYUk2lKRJbtAXIuZ0kjicBeKbKicn7picTvdbH5bfuaoiazGOfbm8kw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558\"><section><section><section><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPPS2Tl0L42giakAlUSsWM2hKsLfDwrNFcLNgFaxPhQng3E9mCRE3tkg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558px\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651035606&idx=1&sn=95e5b910a9c15c3b861b33b6a6da3866&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcaIgQkEibvERBOGAaoicFhgsfmibxDTGK2z3uLHbhcvWGEYibV0hom5VW8CA/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span></a></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651035897&idx=1&sn=befda0705325843f84da3911012cad95&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcamtwvyMNyxgGfdgqCCu9GkBZl21VfOcYfkJRh5E0ArHl4UUBtbSzwRQ/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span></a></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><span><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcaohkRZ9cGSGGPakn9lRTzm4qIA3pNHn3EVXrsicT3De6T2ib5Slw6GsRQ/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span><span><br /></span></span></section></section></section></h2></section></section></section><section><span><section><h2 src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPQbfYUk2lKRJbtAXIuZ0kjicBeKbKicn7picTvdbH5bfuaoiazGOfbm8kw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558\"><span><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages __bg_gif wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJ0nGCQhDMIIg0L5icbmcctmcTvsgM0HwBpkXTF9ztE2MsQ8Tso0exnicA/640?wx_fmt=gif\" /></span></h2><section><span><span>“</span><strong><span>在看</span></strong><span>”的永远18岁~</span></span></section></section></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><section><section style=\"padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em; display: flex;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;\"></span></section></section></section></span></section><p style=\"display: none;\"></p></div>\n \n\n \n <br />\n\n \n <a class=\"media_tool_meta meta_primary\" href=\"http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651042173&idx=1&sn=27f5a01e9ddd69c0ba0d562971231990&chksm=bc3c9cb99d0ecb58c81348536c5c7f33443c5624892dfe566035581bc58c6f07f5139fd9609f&scene=0#rd\" style=\"color: blue;\" target=\"_blank\">文章原文</a>\n <br />\n \n\n \n\n <img alt=\"\" class=\"\" height=\"1px\" src=\"http://www.jintiankansha.me/rss_static/13443/1ugTXIJkLV\" style=\"width: 1px; height: 1px; display: none;\" width=\"1px\" /></div></div>",
|
||
"category": "",
|
||
"link": "http://weixin.sogou.com/weixin?type=2&query=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2+%E4%BB%8E%E7%9A%AE%E7%94%B2%E5%88%B0%E9%93%81%E9%93%A0%EF%BC%9A%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%88%98%E9%A9%AC%E7%9A%84%E9%98%B2%E6%8A%A4%E5%8D%87%E7%BA%A7%E4%B8%8E%E9%AA%91%E5%85%B5%E5%B7%85%E5%B3%B0",
|
||
"creator": "",
|
||
"pubDate": "Fri, 04 Jul 2025 19:54:00 +0800",
|
||
"enclosure": "",
|
||
"enclosureType": "",
|
||
"image": "",
|
||
"id": "",
|
||
"language": "",
|
||
"folder": "人文历史",
|
||
"feed": "国家人文历史",
|
||
"read": false,
|
||
"favorite": false,
|
||
"created": false,
|
||
"tags": [],
|
||
"hash": "8c447d76acbc7399087e639f519a40a3",
|
||
"highlights": []
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "那些草根英雄为啥发迹前总在偷鸡摸狗？就不能当个“良民”吗？",
|
||
"description": "<div><div><div class=\"rich_media_content\" id=\"js_content\"><section style=\"margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 8px; white-space: normal; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJxdXiby5XB2BE6S0ulr9Fs213uZ85nlxAalcgRcLFiaSVdOVlrtCZRibIw/640?wx_fmt=gif\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KUSicA9WJQDIkZicvDfagJeBLic6M17vDAHK6hutdHyc1oYCmVQYTOwujQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><p><span><span>本 文 约 4100 字</span></span></p><section><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\"><p><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px;\"><span>阅 读 需 要 13 分 钟</span></span><span><span> </span></span></span></p></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>先来看一组人物卡片。</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KIjTtddUmZjNic1XViaCFMib1RTSxDu0DmULB1iahP8aXt86Bc0ichlhIe0A/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 331px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4K9eD4iazAkP7yicNbQTgfjrdo5tccdNkyyHFotiagHmsxKAKW0eA3nZl1Q/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 330px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KS4I0ejhBP4EYHMwuWvzoKQsCXPbGyiaxSOzQOYyoM3uIkJxyOFiayaBQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 331px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4Kb7iarDLJxrWI4Lr1m08ibPSZO0FngicMkWdun0BM7eUVMfcF19LBTDNwg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; text-align: center;\"><span><br /></span></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>这对吗？这不对吧！谁家君主发迹前是小混混啊？诶，还真别说，这种情况在历史上并不少见，并且被后世改编成了各种传奇故事。为什么这些</span></font><span>“草根英雄”发迹前总是“偷鸡摸狗”的不安分的人？做个良民不好吗？</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在后世，人们又为什么</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>对这些故事津津乐道</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>？</span></font></p><p><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>每日一问，今天喝酒付钱了吗？</span><span><br /></span></font></font></b></p></section></section></section><section><span><p></p></span></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>为什么不做良民？这是一个很现实的问题，因为在乱世，良民限制在既定规则中，很难成就大事，甚至都很难活命。埋头种田无法养活自己，为了搏一条出路，这些</span></font><span>“草根英雄”们选择脱离原本的生产模式，成为人们眼中不安定分子。也正是这份不安分，才使他们最终成就大业。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4Kic3bWFKIlUtcbAvpomtYH9ib2bQTlt6XLyMB0ialF9RGOjyjqAKFkOO2A/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 552px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section><span><p></p></span></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KD17wFgmTPb8PTtYfibV5u6lSibAia0IF10CuvMCoHml1BPgLuJs0UTxyA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在关于刘邦和钱镠的史料记载中，都明晃晃写着</span></font><span>“无赖”两个大字。许慎《说文解字》对“赖”的解释是“赢也”，也就是利益，“无赖”专指没有收入，与今天的意思稍有不同。对于刘邦发迹前的事迹，《史记·高祖本纪》中有较为具体的记载：</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"楷体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（刘邦）仁而爱人，喜施，意豁如也。常有大度，不事家人生产作业。及壮，试为吏，为泗水亭长，廷中吏无所不狎侮。好酒及色。常从王媪、武负贳酒，醉卧，武负、王媪见其上常有龙，怪之。高祖每酤留饮，酒雠数倍。及见怪，岁竟，此两家常折券弃责。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>所谓</span></font><span>“不事家人生产作业”，就是游手好闲的无赖。这一点在《高祖本纪》后文中被再一次提到：</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"楷体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">高祖奉玉卮，起为太上皇寿，曰：</span></span></font><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">“始大人常以臣无赖，不能治产业，不如仲力。今某之业所就孰与仲多？”</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>因为</span></font><span>“无赖”，年轻时的刘邦并不受家人待见</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。直到秦始皇二十四年</span></font><font face=\"宋体\" style=\"line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（前</span></span></font><span style=\"line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">223</span></span><font face=\"宋体\" style=\"line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，已</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>是而立之年的刘邦通过试补当上了泗水亭长。有了稳定的工作，并不意味着刘邦就此安定下来。在官署中，他常常欺侮同僚，即使关系好的同僚也时常受他调笑。《樊郦滕灌</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>列传</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>》中就记载了刘邦的</span></font><span>“黑历史”：</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"楷体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">高祖戏而伤婴，人有告高祖。高祖时为亭长，重坐伤人，告故不伤婴，婴证之。后狱覆，婴坐高祖系岁余，掠笞数百，终以是脱高祖。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>刘邦与夏侯婴是同僚，开玩笑伤了夏侯婴，被别人告上官衙。刘邦为自己申辩，加上夏侯婴为他作证，此事才算揭过。后来此案重审，连累夏侯婴坐牢挨板子，刘邦则成功脱罪。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4K3zo4iaIQpoxoPTic3pdl8IFUajjQKn9w9rLesLsIs0hkZxEvlh3b1ISg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KaT4jSp2SRU335aBSTCj4iaibhMBmeADH2iaQZRPicic5Ym2Kl9AZMibn21ww/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>参加工作后的刘邦仍然很穷，常常付不起酒钱，在哪里醉倒就在哪里躺平，席地而睡。但奇异的是，据说他睡着后身上有龙影，并且只要他在酒家，店中客人就会激增数倍。为了留住这尊</span></font><span>“财神”，店家“常折券弃责”，将他的债务作废。这类神异记载在许多开国皇帝身上都有，后文中我们还会提到。</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>尽管此时的刘邦已经显露出过人之处，但要说他日后会成为天下之主，恐怕没有多少人会相信。从一介无赖到开国之君，刘邦走的无疑是一条</span></font><span>“逆袭之路”。</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>无独有偶，在一千年后的晚唐也出了一位逆袭强者</span></font><span>——吴越王钱镠。没听说过？但你一定听说过“陌上花开，可缓缓归矣”，正是这位仁兄写给夫人的情话。今天江浙一带的钱氏族人，包括</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>钱学森、钱锺书、钱穆等名人在内</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，相当一部分都是钱镠的后代。在他的治理下，尽管周边战火绵延，而吴越国</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（今江浙一带）</span></span><span>物阜民丰，一派欣欣向荣之景。</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651022915&idx=1&sn=e64c25c52712fc09769062dedf4f2873&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KgaXesJ7k5TDg2lsAIwQVFXdFmmlY8QOiaj0YFMWoOqRIDZ9fpqGjrCQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></span></a></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KqaPTETqGOuDj5WVch5ibzeUS4wuoCGMib58gECjpUyA7030YkLx6HiaZg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>但当我们将时间线往前拉四十年，根本没有什么吴越王，只有一个无赖</span></font><span>——年轻时的钱镠可不是普通的小混混，而是名副其实的“法外狂徒”。</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>每日一问，今天找到贵人了吗？</span><span><br /></span></font></font></b></p></section></section></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>钱镠，唐末杭州临安人，</span></font><span>“少拳勇，喜任侠，以解仇报怨为事”。结合钱镠所处的时代来看，这是一句褒贬兼具的评价。所谓“侠以武犯禁”，侠客不事生产，不能直接为社会创造价值；且不受土地束缚，是社会不安定分子。因此，侠客在古代——尤其是在太平年景，未见得是褒义词。但钱镠生在五代十国，社会本就不安定，这种任侠品质反而成为钱镠所向披靡的利器。</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>钱镠家中世代务农，一般来说，他会像自己的祖辈一样，勤勤恳恳地种一辈子地。但成年后的钱镠</span></font><span>“无赖，不喜事生业”“以犯盐为盗”，做起了私盐贩子。</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>贩卖私盐犯法吗？在晚唐，这个问题要视情况而论。晚唐民生凋敝，国库空虚，盐法混乱，李巽整顿盐法后虽然有所改善，但朝廷对于盐利的控制力不及以往。为了恢复经济，盐铁专卖的限制被放宽，民间也可以合法经营盐业。但根据史料推断，钱镠应当没有营业执照，属于非法贩盐。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4K8wpMyicAGYNMKdayFqJAdAf5UhLiayqclS9fbtVIyBqxoicwJwsmZKa0w/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 282px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4K7zUMUCOrI8NsV4CP3jD4YBamXbjQkQO8kvs8zlNUA96TACSCJKkroQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>做生意时不安分，不做生意时也没消停。县录事钟起有几个儿子，全跟着钱镠饮酒赌博，让老父亲头疼不已。直到一件奇事之后，钟起对钱镠的印象才大为改观。</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>那时，从豫章郡</span></font><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（今江西南昌一带）</span></span></font></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>来了一个术士，声称临安有</span></font><span>“王气”出现。钟起听说后，置酒宴请周围的豪杰，让术士躲在暗处辨认。术士一个一个看过去，连连摇头：我要找的是贵人，这些人都不够“贵”。</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>几天后，术士拜访钟起家，突然脱口而出一句：等等，贵人留步！</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KA0NZXKPbOg8OEaDRN6hvtQicLRmWuV4K4OSmLzPDcH9WuhhVwQsu1tw/640?wx_fmt=gif&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KUiaTD7Iq2nC8mib0VcxoP3CSnuzRsHeZtbKfvMNzeeHsMEQL0EZ9Laicw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>来人正是钱镠。钱镠来钟起家寻人，迎面撞上钟起，毫不犹豫掉头就走。术士一见大惊：</span></font><span>“此真贵人也！”自此，钱镠在钟家，从“无赖”摇身一变成为“贵人”。钟起对他礼遇有加，并出资供他和儿子们交游。后来的钱镠果然战功赫赫，受封镇海、镇东军节度使，最终成为一方霸主。</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>此事见载于正史，显然，所谓</span></font><span>“王气”是古代构建统治合法性的常用手段。钱镠身上的奇事还有不少，比如《吴越备史》中记载钱镠出生时相貌奇特</span><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（据说奇丑无比）</span></span></font></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，且满室红光，如同大火燃起。钱父以此为凶兆，要将钱镠投入井中，被钱镠的祖母救下，钱镠因此有小名</span></font><span>“婆留”。还有，根据《新五代史》的记载，钱镠年少时就已经展现出将才，能指挥一群孩子“作战”，且“号令颇有法”。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KibhsexibZFO72gpFmtYaymaSCu7GkGy2NXZVfIEmmYpCq6PO2iaiaQZicOA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KdibrcqvF8EicpOXia7aiaKOJF3QpFYK5F9I10mibVc4ALDdccwMjrgBkiarQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 563px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>这些正史奇闻为后人演绎提供了素材。在《三言二拍》等话本小说中，钱镠的经历变得更加神异，如出生之前有大蜥蜴蜿蜒于屋上，</span></font><span>“头垂及地，约长丈余，两目熠熠有光”。蜥蜴在古代是祥瑞之兆，和上文提到的红光、王气一样，都暗示钱镠身负气运，将成大业。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KLZnrucCYZo6fQU3VNvicRPk81icA0t8OAicOdwH3RlkO8Ts6MNzcVtqfg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KUiaTD7Iq2nC8mib0VcxoP3CSnuzRsHeZtbKfvMNzeeHsMEQL0EZ9Laicw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>这种将历史人物神化的故事，在传奇、志怪、话本小说中屡见不鲜，再如《喻世明言</span></font><span>·史弘肇龙虎君臣会》以五代时期史弘肇、郭威的故事为底本，多次提到史弘肇化为雪白异兽，而郭威更是命格贵重，以至于“</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>除非天子可安排，以下诸侯压不得</span></font><span>”。后来，史弘肇果然成为后汉名将，而郭威称帝，建立后周。但在发迹前，两人同样是不事生产的“无赖”。</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>《喻世明言》将两人塑造为</span></font><span>“日逐趁赌，偷鸡盗狗”的恶徒，扰得四方邻里鸡犬不宁。但结合正史来看，这段故事应该是杜撰。毕竟郭威与史弘肇的家乡相隔几百里，若要联手为害一方，那这“一方”的范围未免也太大了。我们先来看看正史怎么说。</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>《旧五代史》记载郭威少时</span></font><span>“形神魁壮”“爱兵好勇，不事田产”，史弘肇“游侠无行，拳勇健步”。《新五代史》中记载郭威出身官宦世家，心气高，“好使酒”，醉酒时曾当街杀人。根据这些史料来看，这两人——尤其是郭威，年少时的确不是省油的灯，但也不至于像《喻世明言》所说的那样油滑猥琐。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KOEBS1ySxENYPUkuhzL2RTfXWUSic0G1p1F0gg0NPrY35Obdnpxfib0FA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KnspLDLcGqlibd8jskiaFezeeM6YmXhgCoficYulsBfq5V6OpKUfzk8sFw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 562px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>这些故事被收录于《三言二拍》中，可见在当时已经流传甚广，受到市场欢迎。为什么在历史上，这些</span></font><span>“草根英雄”发迹前总在偷鸡摸狗？大众又为什么对这些故事感兴趣，甚至不惜丑化、矮化这些草根英雄？</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>这些人物</span></font><span>——或者更准确地说，记载这些人物的正史与戏说之间，存在什么样的共性？</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>每日一问，今天逆袭成功了吗？</span><span><br /></span></font></font></b></p></section></section></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>要弄清楚人们为什么喜欢这样的故事，首先要确定一件事：故事的听众是谁？</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>先说正史，史书的听众不仅在当下，更在后世。史书的作用在于</span></font><span>“鉴于往事，有资于治道”，记载本朝</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（或前朝）</span></span><span>丰功伟绩，并为后人治国理政留下参考</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。换言之，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>史书之所以记载这些人物，并非因为他们曾是草根英雄，而是因为他们对历史产生过重大影响。因此，正史对于这些草根英雄的发家史常常语焉不详，而将重点放在其后来的崛起与政治作为。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KC0XYv9iapvOIkH4j7o6qn9hNWpeCvcv2WcYbiaoHra24Uju6wMTdHylQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4K5lwqk1k1KOevlJs9umSz6nmsZPYtemRLxHLEckkM2adpQXiaRJ0YPWg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 523px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section><span><br /></span></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>因此，相比于民间故事，正史记载虽然具有一定的权威性和可信度，但因其受到政治规约，不得不采用曲笔。《史记》虽然不是官修史书，但司马迁的书写也带有一定政治性。值得注意的是，《史记》中关于刘邦早年的记载尽管只有寥寥数语，却有不少自相矛盾之处。例如，既然刘邦</span></font><span>“仁而爱人”，又为何总是欺侮同僚？既然已经穷到要赊账买酒，又为何要当“喜施”的“散财童子”？再看全文，一句褒义的“仁而爱人”与贬义的“好酒及色”放在一起也相当别扭。这些矛盾反映出人性的复杂与多面，也与史家曲笔有关。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KXELD0dCxETLSAAywIriaR7hp6moL2msicBTdkfLibdTImYODTHuHK6mZw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 358px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4Kb3W2tj5KnqCJyT4t56QurAqfUZOSjTb5VhKgJ4blLmP4up3tYHhu2Q/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 562px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在民间文学中，这种矛盾被进一步放大。话本小说的听众以平民百姓为主，古代百姓虽然大字不识一个，但爱听八卦</span></font><span>——尤其是历史名人的八卦，有时比家长里短更吸引人。为了迎合听众，说书人常常以某一历史名人为原型，将各种民间传说套在其身上，增强说书效果。像上文中提到的钱镠、郭威与史弘肇，他们的形象经过后世不断加工后，都成为这样的加工型人物。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KtGh1JKLMJgjKyN3ydAgx900gAJRVaReUyorZYw9ooN8tlf00p8BlBQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4K8D99icibChb8qHrFamGhKib2OZeW2aJ3ZnkgcjUotn0iaxoGI6Dea7dztA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在说书人的二次塑造下，这些草根英雄从冷峻的史料中走出来，成为性格特点丰富、行为逻辑完整的</span></font><span>“活人”，而并非单一的“好人”或“坏人”。他们在发迹前的“偷鸡摸狗”行为，体现了人性中的弱点和不足；而在发迹后的成就大业，则展现了人性中的智慧、勇气和担当。无论是复杂多面的人物形象，还是主人公的平民出身，都更贴近百姓的生活，能够让听众从中看到自己的影子，产生共鸣。</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>严格来说，其实只有钱镠出身贫寒，刘邦和郭威都不算是真正的平民，毕竟祖上阔过，文化底蕴尚存。但在老百姓眼里，只要境遇和自己相似，那就是跟自己一样的人。在阶级相对固化的古代，这种草根英雄成功的案例少之又少，大部分底层百姓难以翻身，只能将虚无缥缈的希望寄托于历史人物身上，凭借这些故事做一场爽感</span></font><span>“逆袭梦”。</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>从文学传播的角度来看，这类</span></font><span>“小混混”发迹的故事情节曲折，跌宕起伏，充满了戏剧性和悬念，很受大众青睐。在当代“逆袭文学”“龙傲天文学”身上，我们仍然能看到这些故事的影子。可见无论古今，人们总是能与最平凡、最朴素的情感产生共鸣。</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"text-indent: 21.0000pt;\"><span><p><span> </span></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">参考文献：</span></span></font></b><b><span><p></p></span></b></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">［宋］薛居正，《旧五代史》，中华书局点校版</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">［宋］欧阳修，《新五代史》，中华书局点校版</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">*</span>本文系“国家</span></font><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">人文历史”独家稿件，欢迎读者转发朋友圈。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><br /></span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><br /></span></p><section><section><section><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4s6XTkV1zgY7Ndw3fVeyGpxIIj30oUzpUnwIcafcXhx66GztUhxGc2FM8I09uwLbMwUFOQfZVGcg/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></section></section></section><section><span><span>END</span></span></section><section><span><span>作者 | 思归乐</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>编辑 | 胡心雅</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>主编 | 周斌</span></span></section><section><span><span>排版 | 徐沁（实习）</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>校对 | 火炬 张斌</span></span></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><span><span><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK6o0DTLAcjHUob1LlCbkiaCGeUicmbUPjIKiciad7l2ytYjz3bGBzNyAUu0aicCb4oWXbicQBJA96lk9Tug/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></span></span></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><strong><span><br /></span></strong></section><section><strong><span>国历好物</span></strong></section><p><span><strong><span><span>进击的士族</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>旁落的皇权</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>跨越五百年的权力对抗史</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>国民历史读物《国家人文历史》专业团队</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>最新力作</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>展现士族潮起潮落的史诗级历史画卷</span></span></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p><span><br /></span></p><section label=\"edit by 135editor\"><section><section><section><section><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK50l871IgvMuCSibrmOibSxicuassfQWcfhotQqH5lYBRPtichLu7A0vIGovAB5sRkicvnkQnT342127lA/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></section><section><section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section></section><section><section><strong><span>点击下方封面，即可购买</span></strong></section><section><span><br /></span></section></section><section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span><strong><span><span>↓↓↓</span></span></strong></span></p><p><a class=\"weapp_image_link js_weapp_entry\"><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK5sbRbqWpNPCUYibIYbC7RFRAHn32PAWbKDIM6A4MkicYHOWIR0Hy6iamToAdrvvPDeu5T15EKXjC1Fg/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></a><span><br /></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><h2 src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPQbfYUk2lKRJbtAXIuZ0kjicBeKbKicn7picTvdbH5bfuaoiazGOfbm8kw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558\"><section><section><section><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPPS2Tl0L42giakAlUSsWM2hKsLfDwrNFcLNgFaxPhQng3E9mCRE3tkg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558px\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651035606&idx=1&sn=95e5b910a9c15c3b861b33b6a6da3866&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcaIgQkEibvERBOGAaoicFhgsfmibxDTGK2z3uLHbhcvWGEYibV0hom5VW8CA/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span></a></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651035897&idx=1&sn=befda0705325843f84da3911012cad95&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcamtwvyMNyxgGfdgqCCu9GkBZl21VfOcYfkJRh5E0ArHl4UUBtbSzwRQ/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span></a></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><span><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcaohkRZ9cGSGGPakn9lRTzm4qIA3pNHn3EVXrsicT3De6T2ib5Slw6GsRQ/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span><span><br /></span></span></section></section></section></h2></section></section></section><section><span><section><h2 src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPQbfYUk2lKRJbtAXIuZ0kjicBeKbKicn7picTvdbH5bfuaoiazGOfbm8kw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558\"><span><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages __bg_gif wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJ0nGCQhDMIIg0L5icbmcctmcTvsgM0HwBpkXTF9ztE2MsQ8Tso0exnicA/640?wx_fmt=gif\" /></span></h2></section></span></section><section><section><section><section><span><span>“</span><strong><span>在看</span></strong><span>”的永远18岁~</span></span></section></section></section></section><section><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><section><section style=\"padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em; display: flex;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;\"></span></section></section></section></span></section><p style=\"display: none;\"></p></div>\n \n\n \n <br />\n\n \n <a class=\"media_tool_meta meta_primary\" href=\"http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651042116&idx=1&sn=5633a4b121b285dc87db450480698394&chksm=bc9dfe2ce8e2ae17749d2178c164eccf2227d3b849da2f43c48245b33fa403ceb096e4b9a837&scene=0#rd\" style=\"color: blue;\" target=\"_blank\">文章原文</a>\n <br />\n \n\n \n\n <img alt=\"\" class=\"\" height=\"1px\" src=\"http://www.jintiankansha.me/rss_static/13443/Q0RLZ3pwuf\" style=\"width: 1px; height: 1px; display: none;\" width=\"1px\" /></div></div>",
|
||
"content": "<div><div><div class=\"rich_media_content\" id=\"js_content\"><section style=\"margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 8px; white-space: normal; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJxdXiby5XB2BE6S0ulr9Fs213uZ85nlxAalcgRcLFiaSVdOVlrtCZRibIw/640?wx_fmt=gif\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KUSicA9WJQDIkZicvDfagJeBLic6M17vDAHK6hutdHyc1oYCmVQYTOwujQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><p><span><span>本 文 约 4100 字</span></span></p><section><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\"><p><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px;\"><span>阅 读 需 要 13 分 钟</span></span><span><span> </span></span></span></p></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>先来看一组人物卡片。</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KIjTtddUmZjNic1XViaCFMib1RTSxDu0DmULB1iahP8aXt86Bc0ichlhIe0A/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 331px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4K9eD4iazAkP7yicNbQTgfjrdo5tccdNkyyHFotiagHmsxKAKW0eA3nZl1Q/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 330px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KS4I0ejhBP4EYHMwuWvzoKQsCXPbGyiaxSOzQOYyoM3uIkJxyOFiayaBQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 331px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4Kb7iarDLJxrWI4Lr1m08ibPSZO0FngicMkWdun0BM7eUVMfcF19LBTDNwg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; text-align: center;\"><span><br /></span></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>这对吗？这不对吧！谁家君主发迹前是小混混啊？诶，还真别说，这种情况在历史上并不少见，并且被后世改编成了各种传奇故事。为什么这些</span></font><span>“草根英雄”发迹前总是“偷鸡摸狗”的不安分的人？做个良民不好吗？</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在后世，人们又为什么</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>对这些故事津津乐道</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>？</span></font></p><p><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>每日一问，今天喝酒付钱了吗？</span><span><br /></span></font></font></b></p></section></section></section><section><span><p></p></span></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>为什么不做良民？这是一个很现实的问题，因为在乱世，良民限制在既定规则中，很难成就大事，甚至都很难活命。埋头种田无法养活自己，为了搏一条出路，这些</span></font><span>“草根英雄”们选择脱离原本的生产模式，成为人们眼中不安定分子。也正是这份不安分，才使他们最终成就大业。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4Kic3bWFKIlUtcbAvpomtYH9ib2bQTlt6XLyMB0ialF9RGOjyjqAKFkOO2A/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 552px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section><span><p></p></span></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KD17wFgmTPb8PTtYfibV5u6lSibAia0IF10CuvMCoHml1BPgLuJs0UTxyA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在关于刘邦和钱镠的史料记载中，都明晃晃写着</span></font><span>“无赖”两个大字。许慎《说文解字》对“赖”的解释是“赢也”，也就是利益，“无赖”专指没有收入，与今天的意思稍有不同。对于刘邦发迹前的事迹，《史记·高祖本纪》中有较为具体的记载：</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"楷体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（刘邦）仁而爱人，喜施，意豁如也。常有大度，不事家人生产作业。及壮，试为吏，为泗水亭长，廷中吏无所不狎侮。好酒及色。常从王媪、武负贳酒，醉卧，武负、王媪见其上常有龙，怪之。高祖每酤留饮，酒雠数倍。及见怪，岁竟，此两家常折券弃责。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>所谓</span></font><span>“不事家人生产作业”，就是游手好闲的无赖。这一点在《高祖本纪》后文中被再一次提到：</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"楷体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">高祖奉玉卮，起为太上皇寿，曰：</span></span></font><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">“始大人常以臣无赖，不能治产业，不如仲力。今某之业所就孰与仲多？”</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>因为</span></font><span>“无赖”，年轻时的刘邦并不受家人待见</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。直到秦始皇二十四年</span></font><font face=\"宋体\" style=\"line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（前</span></span></font><span style=\"line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">223</span></span><font face=\"宋体\" style=\"line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，已</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>是而立之年的刘邦通过试补当上了泗水亭长。有了稳定的工作，并不意味着刘邦就此安定下来。在官署中，他常常欺侮同僚，即使关系好的同僚也时常受他调笑。《樊郦滕灌</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>列传</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>》中就记载了刘邦的</span></font><span>“黑历史”：</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"楷体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">高祖戏而伤婴，人有告高祖。高祖时为亭长，重坐伤人，告故不伤婴，婴证之。后狱覆，婴坐高祖系岁余，掠笞数百，终以是脱高祖。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>刘邦与夏侯婴是同僚，开玩笑伤了夏侯婴，被别人告上官衙。刘邦为自己申辩，加上夏侯婴为他作证，此事才算揭过。后来此案重审，连累夏侯婴坐牢挨板子，刘邦则成功脱罪。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4K3zo4iaIQpoxoPTic3pdl8IFUajjQKn9w9rLesLsIs0hkZxEvlh3b1ISg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KaT4jSp2SRU335aBSTCj4iaibhMBmeADH2iaQZRPicic5Ym2Kl9AZMibn21ww/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>参加工作后的刘邦仍然很穷，常常付不起酒钱，在哪里醉倒就在哪里躺平，席地而睡。但奇异的是，据说他睡着后身上有龙影，并且只要他在酒家，店中客人就会激增数倍。为了留住这尊</span></font><span>“财神”，店家“常折券弃责”，将他的债务作废。这类神异记载在许多开国皇帝身上都有，后文中我们还会提到。</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>尽管此时的刘邦已经显露出过人之处，但要说他日后会成为天下之主，恐怕没有多少人会相信。从一介无赖到开国之君，刘邦走的无疑是一条</span></font><span>“逆袭之路”。</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>无独有偶，在一千年后的晚唐也出了一位逆袭强者</span></font><span>——吴越王钱镠。没听说过？但你一定听说过“陌上花开，可缓缓归矣”，正是这位仁兄写给夫人的情话。今天江浙一带的钱氏族人，包括</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>钱学森、钱锺书、钱穆等名人在内</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，相当一部分都是钱镠的后代。在他的治理下，尽管周边战火绵延，而吴越国</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（今江浙一带）</span></span><span>物阜民丰，一派欣欣向荣之景。</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651022915&idx=1&sn=e64c25c52712fc09769062dedf4f2873&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KgaXesJ7k5TDg2lsAIwQVFXdFmmlY8QOiaj0YFMWoOqRIDZ9fpqGjrCQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></span></a></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KqaPTETqGOuDj5WVch5ibzeUS4wuoCGMib58gECjpUyA7030YkLx6HiaZg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>但当我们将时间线往前拉四十年，根本没有什么吴越王，只有一个无赖</span></font><span>——年轻时的钱镠可不是普通的小混混，而是名副其实的“法外狂徒”。</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>每日一问，今天找到贵人了吗？</span><span><br /></span></font></font></b></p></section></section></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>钱镠，唐末杭州临安人，</span></font><span>“少拳勇，喜任侠，以解仇报怨为事”。结合钱镠所处的时代来看，这是一句褒贬兼具的评价。所谓“侠以武犯禁”，侠客不事生产，不能直接为社会创造价值；且不受土地束缚，是社会不安定分子。因此，侠客在古代——尤其是在太平年景，未见得是褒义词。但钱镠生在五代十国，社会本就不安定，这种任侠品质反而成为钱镠所向披靡的利器。</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>钱镠家中世代务农，一般来说，他会像自己的祖辈一样，勤勤恳恳地种一辈子地。但成年后的钱镠</span></font><span>“无赖，不喜事生业”“以犯盐为盗”，做起了私盐贩子。</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>贩卖私盐犯法吗？在晚唐，这个问题要视情况而论。晚唐民生凋敝，国库空虚，盐法混乱，李巽整顿盐法后虽然有所改善，但朝廷对于盐利的控制力不及以往。为了恢复经济，盐铁专卖的限制被放宽，民间也可以合法经营盐业。但根据史料推断，钱镠应当没有营业执照，属于非法贩盐。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4K8wpMyicAGYNMKdayFqJAdAf5UhLiayqclS9fbtVIyBqxoicwJwsmZKa0w/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 282px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4K7zUMUCOrI8NsV4CP3jD4YBamXbjQkQO8kvs8zlNUA96TACSCJKkroQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>做生意时不安分，不做生意时也没消停。县录事钟起有几个儿子，全跟着钱镠饮酒赌博，让老父亲头疼不已。直到一件奇事之后，钟起对钱镠的印象才大为改观。</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>那时，从豫章郡</span></font><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（今江西南昌一带）</span></span></font></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>来了一个术士，声称临安有</span></font><span>“王气”出现。钟起听说后，置酒宴请周围的豪杰，让术士躲在暗处辨认。术士一个一个看过去，连连摇头：我要找的是贵人，这些人都不够“贵”。</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>几天后，术士拜访钟起家，突然脱口而出一句：等等，贵人留步！</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KA0NZXKPbOg8OEaDRN6hvtQicLRmWuV4K4OSmLzPDcH9WuhhVwQsu1tw/640?wx_fmt=gif&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KUiaTD7Iq2nC8mib0VcxoP3CSnuzRsHeZtbKfvMNzeeHsMEQL0EZ9Laicw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>来人正是钱镠。钱镠来钟起家寻人，迎面撞上钟起，毫不犹豫掉头就走。术士一见大惊：</span></font><span>“此真贵人也！”自此，钱镠在钟家，从“无赖”摇身一变成为“贵人”。钟起对他礼遇有加，并出资供他和儿子们交游。后来的钱镠果然战功赫赫，受封镇海、镇东军节度使，最终成为一方霸主。</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>此事见载于正史，显然，所谓</span></font><span>“王气”是古代构建统治合法性的常用手段。钱镠身上的奇事还有不少，比如《吴越备史》中记载钱镠出生时相貌奇特</span><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（据说奇丑无比）</span></span></font></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，且满室红光，如同大火燃起。钱父以此为凶兆，要将钱镠投入井中，被钱镠的祖母救下，钱镠因此有小名</span></font><span>“婆留”。还有，根据《新五代史》的记载，钱镠年少时就已经展现出将才，能指挥一群孩子“作战”，且“号令颇有法”。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KibhsexibZFO72gpFmtYaymaSCu7GkGy2NXZVfIEmmYpCq6PO2iaiaQZicOA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KdibrcqvF8EicpOXia7aiaKOJF3QpFYK5F9I10mibVc4ALDdccwMjrgBkiarQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 563px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>这些正史奇闻为后人演绎提供了素材。在《三言二拍》等话本小说中，钱镠的经历变得更加神异，如出生之前有大蜥蜴蜿蜒于屋上，</span></font><span>“头垂及地，约长丈余，两目熠熠有光”。蜥蜴在古代是祥瑞之兆，和上文提到的红光、王气一样，都暗示钱镠身负气运，将成大业。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KLZnrucCYZo6fQU3VNvicRPk81icA0t8OAicOdwH3RlkO8Ts6MNzcVtqfg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KUiaTD7Iq2nC8mib0VcxoP3CSnuzRsHeZtbKfvMNzeeHsMEQL0EZ9Laicw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>这种将历史人物神化的故事，在传奇、志怪、话本小说中屡见不鲜，再如《喻世明言</span></font><span>·史弘肇龙虎君臣会》以五代时期史弘肇、郭威的故事为底本，多次提到史弘肇化为雪白异兽，而郭威更是命格贵重，以至于“</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>除非天子可安排，以下诸侯压不得</span></font><span>”。后来，史弘肇果然成为后汉名将，而郭威称帝，建立后周。但在发迹前，两人同样是不事生产的“无赖”。</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>《喻世明言》将两人塑造为</span></font><span>“日逐趁赌，偷鸡盗狗”的恶徒，扰得四方邻里鸡犬不宁。但结合正史来看，这段故事应该是杜撰。毕竟郭威与史弘肇的家乡相隔几百里，若要联手为害一方，那这“一方”的范围未免也太大了。我们先来看看正史怎么说。</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>《旧五代史》记载郭威少时</span></font><span>“形神魁壮”“爱兵好勇，不事田产”，史弘肇“游侠无行，拳勇健步”。《新五代史》中记载郭威出身官宦世家，心气高，“好使酒”，醉酒时曾当街杀人。根据这些史料来看，这两人——尤其是郭威，年少时的确不是省油的灯，但也不至于像《喻世明言》所说的那样油滑猥琐。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KOEBS1ySxENYPUkuhzL2RTfXWUSic0G1p1F0gg0NPrY35Obdnpxfib0FA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KnspLDLcGqlibd8jskiaFezeeM6YmXhgCoficYulsBfq5V6OpKUfzk8sFw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 562px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>这些故事被收录于《三言二拍》中，可见在当时已经流传甚广，受到市场欢迎。为什么在历史上，这些</span></font><span>“草根英雄”发迹前总在偷鸡摸狗？大众又为什么对这些故事感兴趣，甚至不惜丑化、矮化这些草根英雄？</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>这些人物</span></font><span>——或者更准确地说，记载这些人物的正史与戏说之间，存在什么样的共性？</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>每日一问，今天逆袭成功了吗？</span><span><br /></span></font></font></b></p></section></section></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>要弄清楚人们为什么喜欢这样的故事，首先要确定一件事：故事的听众是谁？</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>先说正史，史书的听众不仅在当下，更在后世。史书的作用在于</span></font><span>“鉴于往事，有资于治道”，记载本朝</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（或前朝）</span></span><span>丰功伟绩，并为后人治国理政留下参考</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。换言之，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>史书之所以记载这些人物，并非因为他们曾是草根英雄，而是因为他们对历史产生过重大影响。因此，正史对于这些草根英雄的发家史常常语焉不详，而将重点放在其后来的崛起与政治作为。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KC0XYv9iapvOIkH4j7o6qn9hNWpeCvcv2WcYbiaoHra24Uju6wMTdHylQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4K5lwqk1k1KOevlJs9umSz6nmsZPYtemRLxHLEckkM2adpQXiaRJ0YPWg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 523px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section><span><br /></span></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>因此，相比于民间故事，正史记载虽然具有一定的权威性和可信度，但因其受到政治规约，不得不采用曲笔。《史记》虽然不是官修史书，但司马迁的书写也带有一定政治性。值得注意的是，《史记》中关于刘邦早年的记载尽管只有寥寥数语，却有不少自相矛盾之处。例如，既然刘邦</span></font><span>“仁而爱人”，又为何总是欺侮同僚？既然已经穷到要赊账买酒，又为何要当“喜施”的“散财童子”？再看全文，一句褒义的“仁而爱人”与贬义的“好酒及色”放在一起也相当别扭。这些矛盾反映出人性的复杂与多面，也与史家曲笔有关。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KXELD0dCxETLSAAywIriaR7hp6moL2msicBTdkfLibdTImYODTHuHK6mZw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 358px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4Kb3W2tj5KnqCJyT4t56QurAqfUZOSjTb5VhKgJ4blLmP4up3tYHhu2Q/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 562px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在民间文学中，这种矛盾被进一步放大。话本小说的听众以平民百姓为主，古代百姓虽然大字不识一个，但爱听八卦</span></font><span>——尤其是历史名人的八卦，有时比家长里短更吸引人。为了迎合听众，说书人常常以某一历史名人为原型，将各种民间传说套在其身上，增强说书效果。像上文中提到的钱镠、郭威与史弘肇，他们的形象经过后世不断加工后，都成为这样的加工型人物。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4KtGh1JKLMJgjKyN3ydAgx900gAJRVaReUyorZYw9ooN8tlf00p8BlBQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7wnO28nePDzWZ2JcH27v4K8D99icibChb8qHrFamGhKib2OZeW2aJ3ZnkgcjUotn0iaxoGI6Dea7dztA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在说书人的二次塑造下，这些草根英雄从冷峻的史料中走出来，成为性格特点丰富、行为逻辑完整的</span></font><span>“活人”，而并非单一的“好人”或“坏人”。他们在发迹前的“偷鸡摸狗”行为，体现了人性中的弱点和不足；而在发迹后的成就大业，则展现了人性中的智慧、勇气和担当。无论是复杂多面的人物形象，还是主人公的平民出身，都更贴近百姓的生活，能够让听众从中看到自己的影子，产生共鸣。</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>严格来说，其实只有钱镠出身贫寒，刘邦和郭威都不算是真正的平民，毕竟祖上阔过，文化底蕴尚存。但在老百姓眼里，只要境遇和自己相似，那就是跟自己一样的人。在阶级相对固化的古代，这种草根英雄成功的案例少之又少，大部分底层百姓难以翻身，只能将虚无缥缈的希望寄托于历史人物身上，凭借这些故事做一场爽感</span></font><span>“逆袭梦”。</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>从文学传播的角度来看，这类</span></font><span>“小混混”发迹的故事情节曲折，跌宕起伏，充满了戏剧性和悬念，很受大众青睐。在当代“逆袭文学”“龙傲天文学”身上，我们仍然能看到这些故事的影子。可见无论古今，人们总是能与最平凡、最朴素的情感产生共鸣。</span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"text-indent: 21.0000pt;\"><span><p><span> </span></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">参考文献：</span></span></font></b><b><span><p></p></span></b></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">［宋］薛居正，《旧五代史》，中华书局点校版</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">［宋］欧阳修，《新五代史》，中华书局点校版</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">*</span>本文系“国家</span></font><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">人文历史”独家稿件，欢迎读者转发朋友圈。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><br /></span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><br /></span></p><section><section><section><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4s6XTkV1zgY7Ndw3fVeyGpxIIj30oUzpUnwIcafcXhx66GztUhxGc2FM8I09uwLbMwUFOQfZVGcg/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></section></section></section><section><span><span>END</span></span></section><section><span><span>作者 | 思归乐</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>编辑 | 胡心雅</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>主编 | 周斌</span></span></section><section><span><span>排版 | 徐沁（实习）</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>校对 | 火炬 张斌</span></span></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><span><span><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK6o0DTLAcjHUob1LlCbkiaCGeUicmbUPjIKiciad7l2ytYjz3bGBzNyAUu0aicCb4oWXbicQBJA96lk9Tug/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></span></span></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><strong><span><br /></span></strong></section><section><strong><span>国历好物</span></strong></section><p><span><strong><span><span>进击的士族</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>旁落的皇权</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>跨越五百年的权力对抗史</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>国民历史读物《国家人文历史》专业团队</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>最新力作</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>展现士族潮起潮落的史诗级历史画卷</span></span></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p><span><br /></span></p><section label=\"edit by 135editor\"><section><section><section><section><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK50l871IgvMuCSibrmOibSxicuassfQWcfhotQqH5lYBRPtichLu7A0vIGovAB5sRkicvnkQnT342127lA/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></section><section><section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section></section><section><section><strong><span>点击下方封面，即可购买</span></strong></section><section><span><br /></span></section></section><section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span><strong><span><span>↓↓↓</span></span></strong></span></p><p><a class=\"weapp_image_link js_weapp_entry\"><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK5sbRbqWpNPCUYibIYbC7RFRAHn32PAWbKDIM6A4MkicYHOWIR0Hy6iamToAdrvvPDeu5T15EKXjC1Fg/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></a><span><br /></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><h2 src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPQbfYUk2lKRJbtAXIuZ0kjicBeKbKicn7picTvdbH5bfuaoiazGOfbm8kw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558\"><section><section><section><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPPS2Tl0L42giakAlUSsWM2hKsLfDwrNFcLNgFaxPhQng3E9mCRE3tkg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558px\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651035606&idx=1&sn=95e5b910a9c15c3b861b33b6a6da3866&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcaIgQkEibvERBOGAaoicFhgsfmibxDTGK2z3uLHbhcvWGEYibV0hom5VW8CA/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span></a></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651035897&idx=1&sn=befda0705325843f84da3911012cad95&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcamtwvyMNyxgGfdgqCCu9GkBZl21VfOcYfkJRh5E0ArHl4UUBtbSzwRQ/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span></a></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><span><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcaohkRZ9cGSGGPakn9lRTzm4qIA3pNHn3EVXrsicT3De6T2ib5Slw6GsRQ/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span><span><br /></span></span></section></section></section></h2></section></section></section><section><span><section><h2 src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPQbfYUk2lKRJbtAXIuZ0kjicBeKbKicn7picTvdbH5bfuaoiazGOfbm8kw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558\"><span><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages __bg_gif wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJ0nGCQhDMIIg0L5icbmcctmcTvsgM0HwBpkXTF9ztE2MsQ8Tso0exnicA/640?wx_fmt=gif\" /></span></h2></section></span></section><section><section><section><section><span><span>“</span><strong><span>在看</span></strong><span>”的永远18岁~</span></span></section></section></section></section><section><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><section><section style=\"padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em; display: flex;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;\"></span></section></section></section></span></section><p style=\"display: none;\"></p></div>\n \n\n \n <br />\n\n \n <a class=\"media_tool_meta meta_primary\" href=\"http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651042116&idx=1&sn=5633a4b121b285dc87db450480698394&chksm=bc9dfe2ce8e2ae17749d2178c164eccf2227d3b849da2f43c48245b33fa403ceb096e4b9a837&scene=0#rd\" style=\"color: blue;\" target=\"_blank\">文章原文</a>\n <br />\n \n\n \n\n <img alt=\"\" class=\"\" height=\"1px\" src=\"http://www.jintiankansha.me/rss_static/13443/Q0RLZ3pwuf\" style=\"width: 1px; height: 1px; display: none;\" width=\"1px\" /></div></div>",
|
||
"category": "",
|
||
"link": "http://weixin.sogou.com/weixin?type=2&query=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2+%E9%82%A3%E4%BA%9B%E8%8D%89%E6%A0%B9%E8%8B%B1%E9%9B%84%E4%B8%BA%E5%95%A5%E5%8F%91%E8%BF%B9%E5%89%8D%E6%80%BB%E5%9C%A8%E5%81%B7%E9%B8%A1%E6%91%B8%E7%8B%97%EF%BC%9F%E5%B0%B1%E4%B8%8D%E8%83%BD%E5%BD%93%E4%B8%AA%E2%80%9C%E8%89%AF%E6%B0%91%E2%80%9D%E5%90%97%EF%BC%9F",
|
||
"creator": "",
|
||
"pubDate": "Fri, 04 Jul 2025 13:13:00 +0800",
|
||
"enclosure": "",
|
||
"enclosureType": "",
|
||
"image": "",
|
||
"id": "",
|
||
"language": "",
|
||
"folder": "人文历史",
|
||
"feed": "国家人文历史",
|
||
"read": false,
|
||
"favorite": false,
|
||
"created": false,
|
||
"tags": [],
|
||
"hash": "8001b2242caf25cb6fa75c875c96b564",
|
||
"highlights": []
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "怼商鞅嘲李广，给曹操差评……洪迈：在“毒舌”赛道我已经没有对手了！",
|
||
"description": "<div><div><div class=\"rich_media_content\" id=\"js_content\"><section style=\"margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 8px; white-space: normal; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJxdXiby5XB2BE6S0ulr9Fs213uZ85nlxAalcgRcLFiaSVdOVlrtCZRibIw/640?wx_fmt=gif\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCjic5cB17fxbeX8MhdZaH9rAsv7RdI3b6DK97uS0mr4fTSXPKGd2XIZg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><p><span><span>本 文 约 3000 字</span></span></p><section><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\"><p><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px;\"><span>阅 读 需 要 10 分 钟</span></span><span><span> </span></span></span></p></section></section><p><b><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></span></b></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>如果</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>古代</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>有微博，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>南宋的</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>洪迈绝对是那个每天发十几条、粉丝百万、动不动就上热搜的毒舌博主。他的日常就是：早上怼商鞅，中午嘲李广，下午给曹操差评，晚上还要科普宋朝冷知识。关键是</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>吐</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>槽都有理有据，引经据典，让你想反驳都找不到理由。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCic3ibZ210tS1MPIcEVZrue86IHHoDjkoDVzsH6VVFQPCRbeMvv27d56A/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCDR0ZRtAc4xvk3h2uIicB8MAbleuFsrWBspjJhPL17ANNibn6NEnO3MicA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"> </span></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>这位</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>洪迈</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>可不同于那些科举屡屡不中的悲催文人，他</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>是正经八百的南宋绍兴二十四年</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">1154</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>进士</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>其父洪皓曾以礼部尚书</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>的</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>身份出使金国，被扣留十五载而不屈，时人誉为</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>宋之苏武</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>”；</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>两位兄长更是了得：大哥洪适当过宰相，二哥洪遵官至右丞相。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCtdoeqNyPG9XuEEBeNDcVicCVd3Ueujq5lFeC1h8xSdOk45wkZshgBLg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbC3gZWgCOUe7P1iagFZkx9s9UkicxBY0052G7VAZmF7ha12ibxQg7bbCD8Q/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"等线\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>相较之下，洪迈的仕途虽官至翰林学士、端明殿学士，却也只能算是</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>稍逊风骚</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>”</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。但</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>他</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>另辟蹊径，靠</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>笔杆子</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>”</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>为后世称道！</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>而</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>真正让他出圈的，是他那部</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>被誉为</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“南宋笔记小说之冠”的《容斋随笔》</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCkbiaicPhv5QVugL4ngic9c61NHLcahg1ibfk1QhF11v57IJJibAMY1tMtvQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCc9nyVticSBaynl0RXAQyGic5PtzQCEotOXl5bDYQfSj8eCSia5lPvPAqw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"Kaiti SC Regular\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“意之所之，随即记录”</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>所以叫随笔。洪迈在浙东当官时疯狂收集天下奇书，花了</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>20多年整理，全书50万字，1220条笔记涵盖古人历史、文化、生活的方方面面，堪称行走的百科全书。问世后大受好评，历代重刻不断。《四库全书总目》评价</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>：</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">“</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">南宋说部当以此为首</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">……其考据精确，议论高简，读书者必当取资焉。</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">”</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span>开国领袖毛泽东一生</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>也曾</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>反复研读《容斋随笔》，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>甚至在</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>床头放了整整</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>37年</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>到底是什么样的内容，让这位</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>毒舌博主</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>”</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>的影响力延续了</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>800多年呢？</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCVFYNncibyIT57T87q4HykVJGfAfibcof0xKCibxdU5k7pBJZKyAYS6hfA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 388px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCfezbTPpbcuztjsNSFPiaywjDbfu0vjYlb2g8gshQHwvK5ktMf1R8OrA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><span>考据狂魔在线打假</span></font></b></p></section></section></section><section><b><span><p></p></span></b></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>洪迈的第一个身份是“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>考据狂魔”。这位严谨博主对历史谣言零容忍，看到不靠谱的记载就浑身难受，必须发条“微博”澄清一下。</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbC8BZibJ3dGcV8kjZt493nXvZmYWKF9wdLb80s3bsic53z0gu1G7rKsibEg/640?wx_fmt=gif&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>比如商鞅“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>徙木立信”，洪迈考据竟是山寨吴起创意。</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>商鞅在秦国变法时，担心百姓不信新法，于是徙木立信，从此新法畅行无阻。只是这波操作在洪迈看来却十分眼熟，没错，这完全是来自吴起的创意！原来，吴起在魏国西河当官时就玩过这招：某天夜里在南门外立了根表柱，宣布谁放倒柱子就给长大夫的官职。民众都当是玩笑，偏有个实诚人真去试了，结果吴起二话不说直接兑现承诺。可惜吴起的故事没火起来，倒让商鞅这个盗版故事被很多人误认为</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>是</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>原创</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>还</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>青史留名了</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCibuIGFRgfor9hJoBhcfdFOtQ9pvebaQvreEemvYj8galTkJ8he8x4oA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 377px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCibEaDNxKwUIu7heF8HzAhdEYdIdcIIIQsdhcb5nqn3kzsOaMxlP7PBw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p><span><font face=\"等线\"><span><br /></span></font></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>再比如，关于李白之死，民间传说都是“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>李白醉后捞月而死”，颇具浪漫主义气质。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>洪迈</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>则</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>用文献资料狠狠戳破</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>了</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>这一美好幻想：</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">“予按李阳冰作《太白草堂集序》云：‘阳冰试弦歌于当涂，公疾亟，草稿万卷，手集未修，枕上授简，俾为序。’又李华作《太白墓志》亦云：‘赋临终歌而卒。’乃知俗传良不足信。”</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>翻译成白话就是：你们都瞎说！根据李白族叔李阳冰和好友李华的记载，李白是病死的，死前还在修订诗集。所以说，道听途说，还不如两篇能够互相印证的文献来</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>得</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>靠谱。此外，他还不忘补刀说：那些编故事的，把李白写得跟神仙似的，就跟谣传杜甫喝白酒吃牛肉胀死一样滑稽可笑。怎么你们吃瓜群众是在场呢还是咋滴？</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCUBmg15W2XRkPd2PGic1Vks34u2zmthatHDx4r0HrYBD9UFL4EqHYhyQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCRfNY5ZqlSyq3cLjRZhIx2Nav8fXvP88UfdJv35db3Cb5JFCj35wnRw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>洪迈还考据了“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>绿竹青青”跨越千年的植物学冤案，堪称最早的“学术打假”案例。</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>《诗经》里有“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>绿竹猗猗”的名句，明明是夸君子如修竹般挺拔的风度</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>结果汉代学者脑袋一拍，硬是把</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“绿竹”说成是野草！他们信誓旦旦：“北方哪有竹子？‘绿竹’必是王刍、萹竹！”对此</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>洪迈相当不满，随即甩出两份材料：</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">《汉书》明确记载名将寇恂用“</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">淇园之竹”造箭百万，总不能是</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">用</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">野草当箭使吧？</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">《诗经</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">·卫风》里姑娘拿竹竿在淇水钓鱼的场景，难不成</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">是在</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">把野草</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">当</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">甩竿？</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>最损的是洪迈反问：“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>野草配得上‘猗猗’的挺拔吗？”这波打脸，直接把汉代学者的“植物学水平”钉在了竹子上。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCyzoEXZwH730Dnw5FEYpCvfVHVH7SQ1SeclEfeBmZF2eRD2RnwKYuXg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 244px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbC8PBL2CW2VlQG9YLKlLSSAnCYonrKokVHvoD1hia1ysfzbpwbD5jCnhg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><span>毒舌评论家上线</span></font></b></p></section></section></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>如果说考据只是洪迈的副业，那吐槽绝对是他的主业。比如，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>他吐槽李广：</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">“</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">李广这个人啊，历经文帝、景帝、武帝三朝都没升官，从军四十年，五征匈奴，打了一辈子仗，未录尺寸之功，可真够背的。你看他带兵，迷路了害怕被史家编排，最后自杀了。真是性格决定命运啊！”</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCMcUb806icBNowZTcypfTibfickF8GEdxNp6hLzalY4RcOuaQFr2BCI9Nw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 247px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCKhjZUbtpFHaCAoTEodFSS51ibMRIgVPzq6lfYV5OWIxic352MlreytSw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span> </span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>当然，洪迈尖锐地指出，问题所在，主要还是汉文帝“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>失材”：之前就有才华不比贾谊差的贾山上书建言，献上治乱之道，照样没捞到一官半职。所以“李广难封”并非实力不够，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>而</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>是领导的锅</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>——</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>就差直接说皇帝</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>实在没眼光</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>了。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCRQVADAIGEtrbq7FZapiaPBicyyKcgZNbRQXOIibxHqzn8nQexSWOsKyMQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCkiboZKyMNP8SdLMRb0AWf3icIMCBXXjdEdic1ISdqN0Cd0eb2HKibEtMIg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>《容斋随笔》里还记载了一个细思极恐的巧合：每当匈奴人来朝贡，汉朝皇帝就要准备后事</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>……</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>汉宣帝黄龙元年</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">前</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">49</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>正月，匈</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>奴人欢天喜地来朝拜，结果当年十二月，宣帝就驾崩了；汉元帝竟宁元年</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">前</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">33</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>正月，匈奴人又来了，五月份元帝就跟着去了；最惨的是汉哀帝，大臣扬雄还劝他说让匈奴人来，结果正月匈奴人刚到，六月哀帝就领了盒饭。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCic8aRHGg15fts9DePflSzTHDzFJRrw4uOHDwORbptvIjCyHmDceDNFg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 232px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCqaiarY3jWP4gNDX0wtaosDZMBrWIGAzomUicrO4R15miciaaoKL4vqz6Ew/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>事情吊诡到洪迈都不知道如何吐槽：“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>事之偶然符合，有如此者。”这么惊人的巧合也是没谁了。这哪是来朝贡，分明是死神来了。建议大汉应该立个新规：匈奴使者来朝，先给皇帝买好保险！</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>最狠</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>的</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>还是他透过现象看本质</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>——</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>吐槽曹操成也德行，败也德行。洪迈在《容斋随笔》</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>说：</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>当年曹操起于兖州这四战之地，却能以弱胜强、一统中原，关键不在险要而在</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“德”。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>后来</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“挟天子以令诸侯”强化政治合法性，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>明显</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>德行有亏，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>全靠</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>战略</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>才能</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>逆袭。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>等到</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>赤壁之战</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>表面输给东南风，实则</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>终于</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>是败在人品余额不足！</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>这</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>波春秋笔法，完成了对曹操的</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“双杀”。果然靠缺德赚来的地盘，最后都变成人品利息还回去了吧。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbC6QMiboa7O8t1hLzIfX6c3HBdmoTPxdH6VJdaBcHHMlXEtw2bic3NM4IA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 248px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbC6wiaDsHpzegIgxppiajibOIYHLv1foXvjkl0YQ1iccNFu4kicoCIAxibswtQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>洪迈在书里还顺便吐槽了下司马迁数学不好。在《容斋随笔》里发现了一个惊天大</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>bug</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>”</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>：按照《史记》的算法，周武王之前的十五代帝王，个个都是超级寿星！平均每位活到</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>100多岁，在位七八十年——这哪是帝王世系表，分明是修仙渡劫记录册啊！</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>说明尽信书不如无书，就算是太史公写的历史，也不可尽信啊。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCkVDPEIArktEoWy84ZakUAJicjXMftbdYNymkxnjoUj06TibcplBFtCAA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><span>资深生活博主</span></p></section></section></section><section><b><span><p></p></span></b></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>不要以为洪迈只会怼人，他还是个资深生活博主，专门科普宋朝冷知识。《容斋随笔》就像一扇通往南宋的任意门</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>通过这位宋代士大夫的“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>微博”合集，市井百态、朝堂风云、诗词典故、民生疾苦，都被记录下来。八百年时光流转，这些文字依然鲜活如初，仿佛能听见作者在纸页那头的谈笑风生。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCxC4b2ibqOTlGCS1tVZZdeCtnRUlagZR549Tw6cEafrq1dunR24exxMQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCcicUjDjsK1RBJDCxOBQKZGqDdfUa3mHJrpw8fRlUvxibwUJKHITWcnNQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>比如打喷嚏说“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>有人说我”，这个梗竟已经有了两千多年的历史。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>现代人打完喷嚏总爱说“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>谁在念叨我”，没想到这个习惯比《诗经》还古老！洪迈在《容斋随笔》里挖出猛料：东汉郑玄注解《诗经》时就提到，当时人打喷嚏就说“有人说我”，还特别注明这是上古流传下来的说法。看来这个梗从西周玩到南宋，当时就已经非常流行了。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCB5vInD9P8VnXc05Ta31FfXfvRoT9sGdoK2jaaGaOZvQwgCF86lPteg/640?wx_fmt=gif&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbC73Ahkn2HWfF4SNhoHXjxvmN29ENY333AFu59pypfl0IibHdpNa6Sj9g/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>还有现在总有人争论繁体简体，洪迈要是看到准得笑出声。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>因为</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>南宋人写字早就把“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>禮”简成“礼”，“處”缩成“处”，“與”减作“与”了。不过写奏折时还得乖乖用繁体——像极了我们现在正式文件不敢用网络梗、二次元缩写的样子！最绝的是洪迈考据出，这些“简体字”其实都是《说文解字》里的正牌古字。所以啊，文字简化这事，老祖宗八百年前就玩过了。</span></font></p><section><span><br /></span></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651024992&idx=1&sn=ce312dedb768a6fcab7cac3a46f21b01&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbC7A4qdPYfLkHCEwphIc05dibYJiaDZykicsUgCnHeyg746282piaVVkqTkQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></span></a></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbC9l4NeiaR1pZD0krg1VszVjMh5TXc4nj2BTX5iakfMy2RFuVlnBueqLSQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><h1 style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></h1><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>洪迈在《容斋随笔》中</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>还</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>记载了唐代选官的奇葩标准，简直是一场古代版的“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>偶像练习生”：第一看身材相貌是否伟岸英俊，第二考口才是否雄辩滔滔，第三验书法是否遒劲美观，第四测判状文辞是否条理通畅。通过者美其名曰“入等”，落选者则被无情地贴上“蓝缕”<span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（破烂货）</span>标签，而通过三项考试就能获得“拔萃”称号。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>令人痛心的是，到了宋朝，就只剩下看身材样貌这一条标准了，其他三项统统作废。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCbwJcZR5DQ2hHkaCFicXoibyAq3NrGD701szv81CdaYS9jJWfB0AL4JSA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" style=\"width: 559px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCKmB2gSS0nvNPhXATF8q9yibvsv1icKbufOdiasIiaxzPiag2R8wF2fvSibqw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><span>影响千年的智慧</span></p></section></section></section><section><b><span><p></p></span></b></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>洪迈的“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>毒舌”</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>为什么能流传千年？因为他的吐槽不是为骂而骂，背后都是真知灼见。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>他怼李白捞月传说，是在反对神化历史人物；他嘲李广不得志，是在强调性格对命运的影响；他给曹操差评，是</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>说</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>权贵失德的后果。就连他记录的市井生活，都是珍贵的社会史料。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCSvrUric70THymXaODNYUlyv5K8I9KhukGnELyZM9O2zXFJ6APzWic9Dw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCgN9vMyMjQanNZS2XUSxJQJQicvQWINk0VMqT0TeJGJzPlamhicbeszGw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在那个没有互联网的年代，洪迈用笔创造了属于自己的“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>热搜榜”，用证据说话，用智慧吐槽，让历史在笑声中显露出真实面目。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">参考文献：</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">洪迈. 容斋随笔[M]. 南宋.</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">*</span>本文系“国家</span></font><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">人文历史”独家稿件，欢迎读者转发朋友圈。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><br /></span></p><section><section><section><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4s6XTkV1zgY7Ndw3fVeyGpxIIj30oUzpUnwIcafcXhx66GztUhxGc2FM8I09uwLbMwUFOQfZVGcg/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></section></section></section><section><span><span>END</span></span></section><section><span><span>作者 | 林生</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>编辑 | 胡心雅</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>主编 | 周斌</span></span></section><section><span><span>排版 | 曲晨溪（实习）</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>校对 | 火炬 李栋 张斌</span></span></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><span><span><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK6o0DTLAcjHUob1LlCbkiaCGeUicmbUPjIKiciad7l2ytYjz3bGBzNyAUu0aicCb4oWXbicQBJA96lk9Tug/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></span></span></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><strong><span><br /></span></strong></section><section><strong><span>国历好物</span></strong></section><section><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK50l871IgvMuCSibrmOibSxicuB2xBPs1uQ2ZspQytHr1P0K7rUaKzSAg2CRzMr8ibAYhs2mSk7cLvZpQ/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></section><p><span><strong><span><span>进击的士族</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>旁落的皇权</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>跨越五百年的权力对抗史</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>国民历史读物《国家人文历史》专业团队</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>最新力作</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>展现士族潮起潮落的史诗级历史画卷</span></span></strong></span></p><section label=\"edit by 135editor\"><section><section><section><section><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK50l871IgvMuCSibrmOibSxicuassfQWcfhotQqH5lYBRPtichLu7A0vIGovAB5sRkicvnkQnT342127lA/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></section><section><section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section></section><section><section><strong><span>点击下方封面，即可购买</span></strong></section><section><span><br /></span></section></section><section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span><strong><span><span>↓↓↓</span></span></strong></span></p><p><a class=\"weapp_image_link js_weapp_entry\"><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK5sbRbqWpNPCUYibIYbC7RFRAHn32PAWbKDIM6A4MkicYHOWIR0Hy6iamToAdrvvPDeu5T15EKXjC1Fg/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></a><span><br /></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><h2 src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPQbfYUk2lKRJbtAXIuZ0kjicBeKbKicn7picTvdbH5bfuaoiazGOfbm8kw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558\"><section><section><section><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPPS2Tl0L42giakAlUSsWM2hKsLfDwrNFcLNgFaxPhQng3E9mCRE3tkg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558px\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651035606&idx=1&sn=95e5b910a9c15c3b861b33b6a6da3866&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcaIgQkEibvERBOGAaoicFhgsfmibxDTGK2z3uLHbhcvWGEYibV0hom5VW8CA/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span></a></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651035897&idx=1&sn=befda0705325843f84da3911012cad95&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcamtwvyMNyxgGfdgqCCu9GkBZl21VfOcYfkJRh5E0ArHl4UUBtbSzwRQ/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span></a></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><span><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcaohkRZ9cGSGGPakn9lRTzm4qIA3pNHn3EVXrsicT3De6T2ib5Slw6GsRQ/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span><span><br /></span></span></section></section></section></h2></section></section></section><section><span><section><h2 src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPQbfYUk2lKRJbtAXIuZ0kjicBeKbKicn7picTvdbH5bfuaoiazGOfbm8kw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558\"><span><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages __bg_gif wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJ0nGCQhDMIIg0L5icbmcctmcTvsgM0HwBpkXTF9ztE2MsQ8Tso0exnicA/640?wx_fmt=gif\" /></span></h2><section><span><span>“</span><strong><span>在看</span></strong><span>”的永远18岁~</span></span></section></section></span></section><section><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><section><section style=\"padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em; display: flex;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;\"></span></section></section></section></span></section><p style=\"display: none;\"></p></div>\n \n\n \n <br />\n\n \n <a class=\"media_tool_meta meta_primary\" href=\"http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651042069&idx=1&sn=91d6a9e605c215ec5b47a2d2b15a7e4d&chksm=bc79e3a3e42685f161c40518a162f51d555b9620e56af17c859c71fd865cb64e45d5c7a3462e&scene=0#rd\" style=\"color: blue;\" target=\"_blank\">文章原文</a>\n <br />\n \n\n \n\n <img alt=\"\" class=\"\" height=\"1px\" src=\"http://www.jintiankansha.me/rss_static/13443/OnjcumFejq\" style=\"width: 1px; height: 1px; display: none;\" width=\"1px\" /></div></div>",
|
||
"content": "<div><div><div class=\"rich_media_content\" id=\"js_content\"><section style=\"margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 8px; white-space: normal; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJxdXiby5XB2BE6S0ulr9Fs213uZ85nlxAalcgRcLFiaSVdOVlrtCZRibIw/640?wx_fmt=gif\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCjic5cB17fxbeX8MhdZaH9rAsv7RdI3b6DK97uS0mr4fTSXPKGd2XIZg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><p><span><span>本 文 约 3000 字</span></span></p><section><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\"><p><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px;\"><span>阅 读 需 要 10 分 钟</span></span><span><span> </span></span></span></p></section></section><p><b><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></span></b></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>如果</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>古代</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>有微博，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>南宋的</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>洪迈绝对是那个每天发十几条、粉丝百万、动不动就上热搜的毒舌博主。他的日常就是：早上怼商鞅，中午嘲李广，下午给曹操差评，晚上还要科普宋朝冷知识。关键是</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>吐</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>槽都有理有据，引经据典，让你想反驳都找不到理由。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCic3ibZ210tS1MPIcEVZrue86IHHoDjkoDVzsH6VVFQPCRbeMvv27d56A/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCDR0ZRtAc4xvk3h2uIicB8MAbleuFsrWBspjJhPL17ANNibn6NEnO3MicA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"> </span></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>这位</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>洪迈</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>可不同于那些科举屡屡不中的悲催文人，他</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>是正经八百的南宋绍兴二十四年</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">1154</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>进士</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>其父洪皓曾以礼部尚书</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>的</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>身份出使金国，被扣留十五载而不屈，时人誉为</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>宋之苏武</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>”；</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>两位兄长更是了得：大哥洪适当过宰相，二哥洪遵官至右丞相。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCtdoeqNyPG9XuEEBeNDcVicCVd3Ueujq5lFeC1h8xSdOk45wkZshgBLg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbC3gZWgCOUe7P1iagFZkx9s9UkicxBY0052G7VAZmF7ha12ibxQg7bbCD8Q/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"等线\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>相较之下，洪迈的仕途虽官至翰林学士、端明殿学士，却也只能算是</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>稍逊风骚</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>”</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。但</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>他</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>另辟蹊径，靠</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>笔杆子</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>”</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>为后世称道！</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>而</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>真正让他出圈的，是他那部</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>被誉为</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“南宋笔记小说之冠”的《容斋随笔》</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCkbiaicPhv5QVugL4ngic9c61NHLcahg1ibfk1QhF11v57IJJibAMY1tMtvQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCc9nyVticSBaynl0RXAQyGic5PtzQCEotOXl5bDYQfSj8eCSia5lPvPAqw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"Kaiti SC Regular\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“意之所之，随即记录”</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>所以叫随笔。洪迈在浙东当官时疯狂收集天下奇书，花了</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>20多年整理，全书50万字，1220条笔记涵盖古人历史、文化、生活的方方面面，堪称行走的百科全书。问世后大受好评，历代重刻不断。《四库全书总目》评价</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>：</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">“</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">南宋说部当以此为首</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">……其考据精确，议论高简，读书者必当取资焉。</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">”</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span>开国领袖毛泽东一生</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>也曾</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>反复研读《容斋随笔》，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>甚至在</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>床头放了整整</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>37年</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>到底是什么样的内容，让这位</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>毒舌博主</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>”</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>的影响力延续了</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>800多年呢？</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCVFYNncibyIT57T87q4HykVJGfAfibcof0xKCibxdU5k7pBJZKyAYS6hfA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 388px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCfezbTPpbcuztjsNSFPiaywjDbfu0vjYlb2g8gshQHwvK5ktMf1R8OrA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><span>考据狂魔在线打假</span></font></b></p></section></section></section><section><b><span><p></p></span></b></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>洪迈的第一个身份是“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>考据狂魔”。这位严谨博主对历史谣言零容忍，看到不靠谱的记载就浑身难受，必须发条“微博”澄清一下。</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbC8BZibJ3dGcV8kjZt493nXvZmYWKF9wdLb80s3bsic53z0gu1G7rKsibEg/640?wx_fmt=gif&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>比如商鞅“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>徙木立信”，洪迈考据竟是山寨吴起创意。</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>商鞅在秦国变法时，担心百姓不信新法，于是徙木立信，从此新法畅行无阻。只是这波操作在洪迈看来却十分眼熟，没错，这完全是来自吴起的创意！原来，吴起在魏国西河当官时就玩过这招：某天夜里在南门外立了根表柱，宣布谁放倒柱子就给长大夫的官职。民众都当是玩笑，偏有个实诚人真去试了，结果吴起二话不说直接兑现承诺。可惜吴起的故事没火起来，倒让商鞅这个盗版故事被很多人误认为</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>是</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>原创</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>还</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>青史留名了</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCibuIGFRgfor9hJoBhcfdFOtQ9pvebaQvreEemvYj8galTkJ8he8x4oA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 377px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCibEaDNxKwUIu7heF8HzAhdEYdIdcIIIQsdhcb5nqn3kzsOaMxlP7PBw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p><span><font face=\"等线\"><span><br /></span></font></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>再比如，关于李白之死，民间传说都是“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>李白醉后捞月而死”，颇具浪漫主义气质。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>洪迈</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>则</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>用文献资料狠狠戳破</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>了</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>这一美好幻想：</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">“予按李阳冰作《太白草堂集序》云：‘阳冰试弦歌于当涂，公疾亟，草稿万卷，手集未修，枕上授简，俾为序。’又李华作《太白墓志》亦云：‘赋临终歌而卒。’乃知俗传良不足信。”</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>翻译成白话就是：你们都瞎说！根据李白族叔李阳冰和好友李华的记载，李白是病死的，死前还在修订诗集。所以说，道听途说，还不如两篇能够互相印证的文献来</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>得</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>靠谱。此外，他还不忘补刀说：那些编故事的，把李白写得跟神仙似的，就跟谣传杜甫喝白酒吃牛肉胀死一样滑稽可笑。怎么你们吃瓜群众是在场呢还是咋滴？</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCUBmg15W2XRkPd2PGic1Vks34u2zmthatHDx4r0HrYBD9UFL4EqHYhyQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCRfNY5ZqlSyq3cLjRZhIx2Nav8fXvP88UfdJv35db3Cb5JFCj35wnRw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>洪迈还考据了“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>绿竹青青”跨越千年的植物学冤案，堪称最早的“学术打假”案例。</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>《诗经》里有“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>绿竹猗猗”的名句，明明是夸君子如修竹般挺拔的风度</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>结果汉代学者脑袋一拍，硬是把</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“绿竹”说成是野草！他们信誓旦旦：“北方哪有竹子？‘绿竹’必是王刍、萹竹！”对此</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>洪迈相当不满，随即甩出两份材料：</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">《汉书》明确记载名将寇恂用“</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">淇园之竹”造箭百万，总不能是</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">用</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">野草当箭使吧？</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">《诗经</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">·卫风》里姑娘拿竹竿在淇水钓鱼的场景，难不成</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">是在</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">把野草</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">当</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">甩竿？</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>最损的是洪迈反问：“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>野草配得上‘猗猗’的挺拔吗？”这波打脸，直接把汉代学者的“植物学水平”钉在了竹子上。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCyzoEXZwH730Dnw5FEYpCvfVHVH7SQ1SeclEfeBmZF2eRD2RnwKYuXg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 244px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbC8PBL2CW2VlQG9YLKlLSSAnCYonrKokVHvoD1hia1ysfzbpwbD5jCnhg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><span>毒舌评论家上线</span></font></b></p></section></section></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>如果说考据只是洪迈的副业，那吐槽绝对是他的主业。比如，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>他吐槽李广：</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">“</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">李广这个人啊，历经文帝、景帝、武帝三朝都没升官，从军四十年，五征匈奴，打了一辈子仗，未录尺寸之功，可真够背的。你看他带兵，迷路了害怕被史家编排，最后自杀了。真是性格决定命运啊！”</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCMcUb806icBNowZTcypfTibfickF8GEdxNp6hLzalY4RcOuaQFr2BCI9Nw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 247px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCKhjZUbtpFHaCAoTEodFSS51ibMRIgVPzq6lfYV5OWIxic352MlreytSw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span> </span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>当然，洪迈尖锐地指出，问题所在，主要还是汉文帝“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>失材”：之前就有才华不比贾谊差的贾山上书建言，献上治乱之道，照样没捞到一官半职。所以“李广难封”并非实力不够，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>而</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>是领导的锅</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>——</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>就差直接说皇帝</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>实在没眼光</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>了。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCRQVADAIGEtrbq7FZapiaPBicyyKcgZNbRQXOIibxHqzn8nQexSWOsKyMQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCkiboZKyMNP8SdLMRb0AWf3icIMCBXXjdEdic1ISdqN0Cd0eb2HKibEtMIg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>《容斋随笔》里还记载了一个细思极恐的巧合：每当匈奴人来朝贡，汉朝皇帝就要准备后事</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>……</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>汉宣帝黄龙元年</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">前</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">49</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>正月，匈</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>奴人欢天喜地来朝拜，结果当年十二月，宣帝就驾崩了；汉元帝竟宁元年</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">前</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">33</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>正月，匈奴人又来了，五月份元帝就跟着去了；最惨的是汉哀帝，大臣扬雄还劝他说让匈奴人来，结果正月匈奴人刚到，六月哀帝就领了盒饭。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCic8aRHGg15fts9DePflSzTHDzFJRrw4uOHDwORbptvIjCyHmDceDNFg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 232px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCqaiarY3jWP4gNDX0wtaosDZMBrWIGAzomUicrO4R15miciaaoKL4vqz6Ew/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>事情吊诡到洪迈都不知道如何吐槽：“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>事之偶然符合，有如此者。”这么惊人的巧合也是没谁了。这哪是来朝贡，分明是死神来了。建议大汉应该立个新规：匈奴使者来朝，先给皇帝买好保险！</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>最狠</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>的</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>还是他透过现象看本质</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>——</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>吐槽曹操成也德行，败也德行。洪迈在《容斋随笔》</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>说：</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>当年曹操起于兖州这四战之地，却能以弱胜强、一统中原，关键不在险要而在</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“德”。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>后来</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“挟天子以令诸侯”强化政治合法性，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>明显</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>德行有亏，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>全靠</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>战略</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>才能</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>逆袭。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>等到</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>赤壁之战</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>表面输给东南风，实则</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>终于</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>是败在人品余额不足！</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>这</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>波春秋笔法，完成了对曹操的</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“双杀”。果然靠缺德赚来的地盘，最后都变成人品利息还回去了吧。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbC6QMiboa7O8t1hLzIfX6c3HBdmoTPxdH6VJdaBcHHMlXEtw2bic3NM4IA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 248px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbC6wiaDsHpzegIgxppiajibOIYHLv1foXvjkl0YQ1iccNFu4kicoCIAxibswtQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>洪迈在书里还顺便吐槽了下司马迁数学不好。在《容斋随笔》里发现了一个惊天大</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>bug</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>”</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>：按照《史记》的算法，周武王之前的十五代帝王，个个都是超级寿星！平均每位活到</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>100多岁，在位七八十年——这哪是帝王世系表，分明是修仙渡劫记录册啊！</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>说明尽信书不如无书，就算是太史公写的历史，也不可尽信啊。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCkVDPEIArktEoWy84ZakUAJicjXMftbdYNymkxnjoUj06TibcplBFtCAA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><span>资深生活博主</span></p></section></section></section><section><b><span><p></p></span></b></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>不要以为洪迈只会怼人，他还是个资深生活博主，专门科普宋朝冷知识。《容斋随笔》就像一扇通往南宋的任意门</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>通过这位宋代士大夫的“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>微博”合集，市井百态、朝堂风云、诗词典故、民生疾苦，都被记录下来。八百年时光流转，这些文字依然鲜活如初，仿佛能听见作者在纸页那头的谈笑风生。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCxC4b2ibqOTlGCS1tVZZdeCtnRUlagZR549Tw6cEafrq1dunR24exxMQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCcicUjDjsK1RBJDCxOBQKZGqDdfUa3mHJrpw8fRlUvxibwUJKHITWcnNQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>比如打喷嚏说“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>有人说我”，这个梗竟已经有了两千多年的历史。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>现代人打完喷嚏总爱说“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>谁在念叨我”，没想到这个习惯比《诗经》还古老！洪迈在《容斋随笔》里挖出猛料：东汉郑玄注解《诗经》时就提到，当时人打喷嚏就说“有人说我”，还特别注明这是上古流传下来的说法。看来这个梗从西周玩到南宋，当时就已经非常流行了。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCB5vInD9P8VnXc05Ta31FfXfvRoT9sGdoK2jaaGaOZvQwgCF86lPteg/640?wx_fmt=gif&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbC73Ahkn2HWfF4SNhoHXjxvmN29ENY333AFu59pypfl0IibHdpNa6Sj9g/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>还有现在总有人争论繁体简体，洪迈要是看到准得笑出声。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>因为</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>南宋人写字早就把“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>禮”简成“礼”，“處”缩成“处”，“與”减作“与”了。不过写奏折时还得乖乖用繁体——像极了我们现在正式文件不敢用网络梗、二次元缩写的样子！最绝的是洪迈考据出，这些“简体字”其实都是《说文解字》里的正牌古字。所以啊，文字简化这事，老祖宗八百年前就玩过了。</span></font></p><section><span><br /></span></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651024992&idx=1&sn=ce312dedb768a6fcab7cac3a46f21b01&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbC7A4qdPYfLkHCEwphIc05dibYJiaDZykicsUgCnHeyg746282piaVVkqTkQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></span></a></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbC9l4NeiaR1pZD0krg1VszVjMh5TXc4nj2BTX5iakfMy2RFuVlnBueqLSQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><h1 style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></h1><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>洪迈在《容斋随笔》中</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>还</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>记载了唐代选官的奇葩标准，简直是一场古代版的“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>偶像练习生”：第一看身材相貌是否伟岸英俊，第二考口才是否雄辩滔滔，第三验书法是否遒劲美观，第四测判状文辞是否条理通畅。通过者美其名曰“入等”，落选者则被无情地贴上“蓝缕”<span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（破烂货）</span>标签，而通过三项考试就能获得“拔萃”称号。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>令人痛心的是，到了宋朝，就只剩下看身材样貌这一条标准了，其他三项统统作废。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCbwJcZR5DQ2hHkaCFicXoibyAq3NrGD701szv81CdaYS9jJWfB0AL4JSA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" style=\"width: 559px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCKmB2gSS0nvNPhXATF8q9yibvsv1icKbufOdiasIiaxzPiag2R8wF2fvSibqw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><span>影响千年的智慧</span></p></section></section></section><section><b><span><p></p></span></b></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>洪迈的“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>毒舌”</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>为什么能流传千年？因为他的吐槽不是为骂而骂，背后都是真知灼见。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>他怼李白捞月传说，是在反对神化历史人物；他嘲李广不得志，是在强调性格对命运的影响；他给曹操差评，是</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>说</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>权贵失德的后果。就连他记录的市井生活，都是珍贵的社会史料。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCSvrUric70THymXaODNYUlyv5K8I9KhukGnELyZM9O2zXFJ6APzWic9Dw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCgN9vMyMjQanNZS2XUSxJQJQicvQWINk0VMqT0TeJGJzPlamhicbeszGw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在那个没有互联网的年代，洪迈用笔创造了属于自己的“</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>热搜榜”，用证据说话，用智慧吐槽，让历史在笑声中显露出真实面目。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">参考文献：</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">洪迈. 容斋随笔[M]. 南宋.</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">*</span>本文系“国家</span></font><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">人文历史”独家稿件，欢迎读者转发朋友圈。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><br /></span></p><section><section><section><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4s6XTkV1zgY7Ndw3fVeyGpxIIj30oUzpUnwIcafcXhx66GztUhxGc2FM8I09uwLbMwUFOQfZVGcg/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></section></section></section><section><span><span>END</span></span></section><section><span><span>作者 | 林生</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>编辑 | 胡心雅</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>主编 | 周斌</span></span></section><section><span><span>排版 | 曲晨溪（实习）</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>校对 | 火炬 李栋 张斌</span></span></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><span><span><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK6o0DTLAcjHUob1LlCbkiaCGeUicmbUPjIKiciad7l2ytYjz3bGBzNyAUu0aicCb4oWXbicQBJA96lk9Tug/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></span></span></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><strong><span><br /></span></strong></section><section><strong><span>国历好物</span></strong></section><section><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK50l871IgvMuCSibrmOibSxicuB2xBPs1uQ2ZspQytHr1P0K7rUaKzSAg2CRzMr8ibAYhs2mSk7cLvZpQ/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></section><p><span><strong><span><span>进击的士族</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>旁落的皇权</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>跨越五百年的权力对抗史</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>国民历史读物《国家人文历史》专业团队</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>最新力作</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>展现士族潮起潮落的史诗级历史画卷</span></span></strong></span></p><section label=\"edit by 135editor\"><section><section><section><section><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK50l871IgvMuCSibrmOibSxicuassfQWcfhotQqH5lYBRPtichLu7A0vIGovAB5sRkicvnkQnT342127lA/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></section><section><section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section></section><section><section><strong><span>点击下方封面，即可购买</span></strong></section><section><span><br /></span></section></section><section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span><strong><span><span>↓↓↓</span></span></strong></span></p><p><a class=\"weapp_image_link js_weapp_entry\"><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK5sbRbqWpNPCUYibIYbC7RFRAHn32PAWbKDIM6A4MkicYHOWIR0Hy6iamToAdrvvPDeu5T15EKXjC1Fg/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></a><span><br /></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><h2 src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPQbfYUk2lKRJbtAXIuZ0kjicBeKbKicn7picTvdbH5bfuaoiazGOfbm8kw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558\"><section><section><section><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPPS2Tl0L42giakAlUSsWM2hKsLfDwrNFcLNgFaxPhQng3E9mCRE3tkg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558px\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651035606&idx=1&sn=95e5b910a9c15c3b861b33b6a6da3866&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcaIgQkEibvERBOGAaoicFhgsfmibxDTGK2z3uLHbhcvWGEYibV0hom5VW8CA/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span></a></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651035897&idx=1&sn=befda0705325843f84da3911012cad95&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcamtwvyMNyxgGfdgqCCu9GkBZl21VfOcYfkJRh5E0ArHl4UUBtbSzwRQ/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span></a></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><span><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcaohkRZ9cGSGGPakn9lRTzm4qIA3pNHn3EVXrsicT3De6T2ib5Slw6GsRQ/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span><span><br /></span></span></section></section></section></h2></section></section></section><section><span><section><h2 src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPQbfYUk2lKRJbtAXIuZ0kjicBeKbKicn7picTvdbH5bfuaoiazGOfbm8kw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558\"><span><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages __bg_gif wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJ0nGCQhDMIIg0L5icbmcctmcTvsgM0HwBpkXTF9ztE2MsQ8Tso0exnicA/640?wx_fmt=gif\" /></span></h2><section><span><span>“</span><strong><span>在看</span></strong><span>”的永远18岁~</span></span></section></section></span></section><section><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><section><section style=\"padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em; display: flex;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;\"></span></section></section></section></span></section><p style=\"display: none;\"></p></div>\n \n\n \n <br />\n\n \n <a class=\"media_tool_meta meta_primary\" href=\"http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651042069&idx=1&sn=91d6a9e605c215ec5b47a2d2b15a7e4d&chksm=bc79e3a3e42685f161c40518a162f51d555b9620e56af17c859c71fd865cb64e45d5c7a3462e&scene=0#rd\" style=\"color: blue;\" target=\"_blank\">文章原文</a>\n <br />\n \n\n \n\n <img alt=\"\" class=\"\" height=\"1px\" src=\"http://www.jintiankansha.me/rss_static/13443/OnjcumFejq\" style=\"width: 1px; height: 1px; display: none;\" width=\"1px\" /></div></div>",
|
||
"category": "",
|
||
"link": "http://weixin.sogou.com/weixin?type=2&query=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2+%E6%80%BC%E5%95%86%E9%9E%85%E5%98%B2%E6%9D%8E%E5%B9%BF%EF%BC%8C%E7%BB%99%E6%9B%B9%E6%93%8D%E5%B7%AE%E8%AF%84%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E6%B4%AA%E8%BF%88%EF%BC%9A%E5%9C%A8%E2%80%9C%E6%AF%92%E8%88%8C%E2%80%9D%E8%B5%9B%E9%81%93%E6%88%91%E5%B7%B2%E7%BB%8F%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89%E5%AF%B9%E6%89%8B%E4%BA%86%EF%BC%81",
|
||
"creator": "",
|
||
"pubDate": "Thu, 03 Jul 2025 19:38:00 +0800",
|
||
"enclosure": "",
|
||
"enclosureType": "",
|
||
"image": "",
|
||
"id": "",
|
||
"language": "",
|
||
"folder": "人文历史",
|
||
"feed": "国家人文历史",
|
||
"read": true,
|
||
"favorite": false,
|
||
"created": false,
|
||
"tags": [],
|
||
"hash": "dd0d7f4bfa199a479c0eb5f2ef5d061f",
|
||
"highlights": []
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "真正的“误闯天家”：她贵为皇后，一朝离失，让四朝天子找了50年",
|
||
"description": "<div><div><div class=\"rich_media_content\" id=\"js_content\"><section style=\"margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 8px; white-space: normal; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJxdXiby5XB2BE6S0ulr9Fs213uZ85nlxAalcgRcLFiaSVdOVlrtCZRibIw/640?wx_fmt=gif\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCuAelzYeeJRUciccV6MXemibQlbsJhOINBlfP46toxZMQbLUJWP73eY5Q/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><p><span><span>本 文 约 4300 字</span></span></p><section><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\"><p><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px;\"><span>阅 读 需 要 14 分 钟</span></span><span><span> </span></span></span></p></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>安史之乱中，杨贵妃死于马嵬坡，为</span></font><span>“此恨绵绵无绝期”的长恨歌画上了句号。实际上，在这场让唐朝由盛转衰的战乱中，被迫离散</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>甚至死亡的皇家妃嫔并不只有杨贵妃一人，今天故事所说的主人公，就是在安史之乱中被弃宫外，再无行踪的睿真皇后。</span></font></p><p><font face=\"宋体\"></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhiawx6W6K7SqsgmPWzpYosiaeAsiaNVDOUHnOnxnqeRQAu5hTD6d7rxrWQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 340px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">睿真皇后沈珍珠影视形象。来源/影视剧《大唐荣耀》</span></span></font></font></p><p><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>出身名门旧族，一朝选进天家</span></font><span><br /></span></font></b></p></section></section></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>睿真皇后出身吴</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>兴沈氏，民间相传其名为沈珍珠</span><span>，</span><span>以下为了叙事方便称其为“沈珍珠”。</span><span>吴兴沈氏为东汉海昏</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>侯</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>沈戎之后，沈氏的先祖是南梁安陆太守沈勰，他带领族人归附北周，周武帝宇文邕娶其女为皇后，册拜沈勰为尚书左仆射，从沈勰起，沈氏历经隋唐，世代为官，是当时的名门望族。入唐之后，沈氏势力衰落，沈珍珠的父亲沈易直曾任秘书监，沈</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>氏的地位已大不如前，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>但</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>恰恰是这样</span></font><span>“</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>名门旧族</span></font><span>”</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>的出身，促成了沈珍珠入选进宫的重要条件。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhSFxhv5VmribCeJ3NoiaQq0UxBmtUWkxw9fT1bOPvicaoKYJYInXt2A0dw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">剧中时人对沈易直的评价。来源/影视剧《大唐荣耀》截图</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>《唐会要》记载</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>：</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">“</span></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">正观十三年二月二十五日，尚书八座议曰，谨按王者正位，作为人极，朝有公卿之列，室有嫔御之亭。内政修而家理，外教和而国安。爰自周代，洎乎汉室，名号损益，特或不同。然皆寤寐贤才，博采淑令，非唯德洽宫壶，抑亦庆流邦国，近伐以降。情溺私宠，掖庭之选，有乖故宝。故微贱之族，礼训蔑闻。或刑戮之家，怨气充积。而滥吹名级，入侍宫围。即事而言，窍未为得，臣等伏请自今已后，后宫及东宫内职员有阙者，皆选有才行充者。若内无其人，则旁求于外。采择良家，以礼聘纳。</span></span></font><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">”</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>也就是说，在</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>贞观十三年</span></font><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font></span><span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">639</span></span></span><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，尚书上奏，认为近世</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（指隋朝及唐初）</span></span><span>以来，</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（君主）</span></span><span>沉溺于个人宠爱，后宫</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（掖庭）</span></span><span>的选拔</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>已严重</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>违背过去的准则。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>很多</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>出身低微贫贱、不懂礼仪教养的女子获得名位品级十分不妥。因而建议后宫以及东宫内的女官职位如有空缺，都应选拔有德行、有才能的人来充任。如果宫内没有合适人选，则应向宫外寻求，从良家中挑选，以礼聘纳。沈氏家族</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>就这样</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>完美地符合了采选良家子的标准</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>开元末年，沈珍珠以良家子身份被选入</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>宫中，当时</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>的</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>东宫皇太子李亨，将她赐给当时的皇长孙李俶</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（后改为李豫）</span></span><span>，天宝元年</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">742）</span></span><span>，沈珍珠生下皇长曾孙</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>李适</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhOfmI1mKfqLh8niaeFFJ1JnN4xL6tCbbQBT2TYLGiaaqicmyI01HLeXzTA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 513px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">唐鎏金伎乐纹八棱银杯。来源/陕西历史博物馆</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>看到这里，你是不是觉得沈珍珠将会在丈夫继位后凭借生育长子的功劳得到尊崇的位分和令人羡慕的</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>荣宠</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>？事实上，沈珍珠虽然养育长子，但她始终不受李豫重视。当安史之乱的叛军逼近长安时，唐玄宗携一众皇室出逃，李亨、李豫和李适均在其中，沈珍珠</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>却</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>落入叛军之手，被囚禁于洛阳</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>直到一年后，李豫收复东都洛阳，才在东都掖庭中找到她。李豫找到沈珍珠后并未将她带走，反而因</span></font><span>“未暇迎归长安”，将她继续留在洛阳</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>不久</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>史思明再次攻陷洛阳，等到再收复洛阳之时，沈珍珠已彻底失去音信，</span></font><span>“莫测存亡”。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>丈夫登基，寻踪未果</span><span><br /></span></font></font></b></p></section></section></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>李</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>豫即位后</span></font><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font></span><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">唐代宗</span></span></font></span><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，曾下</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>令寻找沈珍珠的下落，但</span></font><span>“十余年寂无所闻</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（《旧唐书》）</span></span><span>”</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。而《资治通鉴》中则记载，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>永泰元年</span></font><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font></span><span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">765</span></span></span><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，曾有寿州崇善寺的尼姑广澄诈称自己是沈珍珠，但经查验后发现她是从前少阳院</span></font><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font></span><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">唐大明宫内皇太子居所</span></span></font></span><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>的乳母，代宗便将其鞭杀。按唐律，假扮贵族确实是重罪，代宗将其鞭杀似乎也无可厚非。但也有人认为，代宗如此严厉地处死冒认者，反而可能使真正知晓沈珍珠踪迹的人不敢贸然提供线索，最终使得在代宗在位之年，难寻沈珍珠的下落。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhk2FOL6heprWUIT0wBNPSQAHBhqvwkbLdtIBkmN16oNbu0eqic2icosDA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 372px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">唐，青釉凤头龙柄壶。来源/故宫博物院</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>这件冒认皇后案，虽然在《资治通鉴》中的记载只有寥寥数语，但细看却又能发现不少疑点。冒认的尼姑</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>来自</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>寿州，也就是今天的安徽省寿县，离长安和洛阳千里之遥，如果说代宗对寻找沈珍珠并不重视，大可</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>只</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在两京之地</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>简单找</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>找，何必要千里迢迢寻到安徽？可要说代宗真的对沈氏珍重非常，为何最初逃亡之时不带上她，找到她后又仅是草草将其安排在洛阳并不带走，寻到冒认者也不做长远打算</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（比如利用冒认者线索深挖或谨慎甄别）</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>只是将冒认者直接处死？</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhyKVxBribckB0tnfibgUgIVFx03Ppp7yu3dib1aqRdiaZKzEsTZHVrbW4pQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">唐玉人。来源/陕西历史博物馆</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>这或许与代宗的帝王心态有关。一方面，代宗寻找沈珍珠，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>是为了</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>沈珍珠之子李适。李适作为代宗的长子，在代宗即位后成为平定安史之乱的重要功臣，宝应元年</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">762）</span></span><span>四月，代宗即位，五月</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>便</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>委任李适为天下兵马元帅，改封鲁王，肩负起与安史叛军最后决战的使命，宝应二年</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">763）</span></span><span>，安史之乱平定，李适因功拜为尚书令，实封食邑二千户，和平叛名将郭子仪、李光弼等八人一起被赐铁券、图形凌烟阁。广德二年</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（764）</span></span><span>正月，李适以长子身份被立为皇太子，并于二月举行册礼。李适</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>成为</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>储君后，寻找沈珍珠的行为不仅增添了寻找</span></font><span>“国母”的政治意味，也成为维系</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>代总</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>和</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>太子之间父子</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>亲情的纽带，因此代宗必须尽力寻找沈珍珠。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhqrPjiby5QHabfFqxRxnHYO2vAomia7lc0vicrJY9hDbXa80spibQ0gkSmQ/640?wx_fmt=gif&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">唐代宗</span></span></font><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">在寻找沈珍珠的路上。来源/影视剧《大唐荣耀2》</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>另一方面，代宗本人或许对沈珍珠的感情较为淡薄</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>史书中对李豫和沈珍珠的感情并未有太多着墨，相比之下，代宗的独孤贵妃</span></font><span>“以美丽入宫，嬖幸专房，故长秋虚位，诸姬罕所进御”，显然更得代宗喜爱，甚至于在其去世后，代宗追谥其为贞懿皇后，殡于内殿，将其灵柩停于内殿三年不忍下葬。对比代宗</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>对待</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>沈氏与独孤，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>应该</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>可以看出他对沈珍珠</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>并没有太多宠爱</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>这也就</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>直接影响了代宗寻找沈氏下落</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>时</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>的</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>态度</span></font><span>——为了</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>储君，他不得不表现出积极</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>寻找</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>的姿态</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>但</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>出于个人情感，他或许并不希望真的找到沈氏</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>甚至可能为了宠妃的利益而刻意回避此事。这种矛盾的帝王心态，或许能</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>为</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>代宗在尼姑假冒沈氏一案中采取如此轻率的处理方式</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>找到一个解释</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>亲子继位，寻母一生</span><span><br /></span></font></font></b></p></section></section></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>代宗死后，德宗李适即位。作为沈珍珠的亲子，李适对母亲的感情显然要比父亲对妻子的感情更为真挚。德宗初即位，便</span></font><span>“遥尊圣母沈氏为皇太后，陈礼于含元殿庭，如正至之仪”，正式册立沈珍珠为皇太后，并“以睦王述为奉迎皇太后使，工部尚书乔琳副之，候太后问至，升平公主宜备起居”为寻回母亲做了充分且正式的准备</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>与此同时，德宗</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>还</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>命沈氏族人四人为判官，派使多人分行天下，四处寻访。大臣们</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>都</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>为德宗的寻母之举感动，在</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>册封</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>沈氏为皇太后的典礼上，</span></font><span>“帝再拜，歔唏不自胜，左右皆泣下”，还有臣子 “为奉迎皇太后使沈判官至”写了一首诗：</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; text-align: center;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">长乐宫人扫落花，</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; text-align: center;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">君王正候五云车。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; text-align: center;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">万方臣妾同瞻望，</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; text-align: center;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">疑在曾城阿母家。</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font align=\"\" alt=\"\" border=\"\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" face=\"宋体\" height=\"\" hspace=\"\" ismap=\"ismap\" src=\"\" title=\"\" type=\"block\" usemap=\"\" vspace=\"\" width=\"\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>德宗寻母的过程中，也遇到了有人冒充沈珍珠的事件。建中二年</span></font><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font></span><span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">781</span></span></span><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，曾侍奉过沈珍珠的一个女官</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>李真一</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在洛阳遇到了一个女子，这个女子常与人讲述皇宫内廷中的故事，李真一认为这个女子的年龄和相貌与太后有些相似，就猜想她</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>可能</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>是沈太后，于是向负责寻访的使者详细描述了她的情况。德宗听后十分惊喜，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>立刻</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>派人前往查证，此时距离沈珍珠失踪已过去二十多年，当年认识沈太后的旧宫人</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>和</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>老臣都已不在世，没有人能确切辨认出太后，只记得太后曾在德宗幼时削</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>饭食</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>喂他，不小心伤了左手手指，而这位女子也曾因切瓜伤过手指，阴差阳错之下，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>即便</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>这女子百般否认，众人</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>还是坚持认定</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>她就是沈太后，并将她迎入上阳宫居住。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>德宗</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>随后</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>调派了一百多名宫女，带着皇帝的车驾、服饰和用品到上阳宫前去侍奉这名女子，左右的人用各种方法诱导劝说她，这名女子才</span></font><span>“</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>承认</span></font><span>”</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>自己是太后。查验的人快马加鞭入宫禀报此事，德宗大喜，登上正殿接受朝贺，并下诏让有关部门起草迎接太后正式回宫的礼仪。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhDsUgUhWCI4aflp1fdia9oT6kzAypjy0GyHicPOwRvbM04Nnzyl8IT08Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" style=\"width: 539px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; text-align: left;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">唐德宗画像。来源/</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">中国历代名人画像谱</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>但</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>实际上，这名女子并非沈珍珠，她通晓宫中之事，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>只</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>因为她是高力士的养女。此时，高氏女子的弟弟正在长安，他听说了姐姐在洛阳冒认沈太后的事情，担心事发后会获罪，就向朝廷说明了此事，高氏女发现纸包不住火，声称自己是被人强迫冒充的，并非出于本意。真相大白之后，朝中有人向德宗进言，认为德宗应该效仿先帝代宗，将高氏女处死，但德宗却担心若将高氏女重罚，之后人们不敢再报告关于太后的消息，所以并没有向相关人员问罪，并说：</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">“吾宁受百欺，庶几得之</span></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">。</span></span></font><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">”</span></span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（我宁愿遭受一百次欺骗，只希望能有一次找到真的母亲）</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>战国时期，燕昭王</span></font><span>“千金买马骨”，以此彰显其求贤若渴的决心；同样，唐德宗不惜屡次上当，只为寻回母亲沈氏，足见其一片孝心。然而，唐德宗终其一生也未能再见到母亲。德宗驾崩后，顺宗李诵继位，但很快去世。其子李纯继位，是为唐宪宗。</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在这期间</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，寻找沈珍珠的行动一直在持续，直到永贞元年</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">805）</span></span><span>，礼仪使上奏唐宪宗请求停止寻找沈太后，宪宗下诏批准。</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>同年</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>十一月</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>朝廷正式册封并追谥沈氏为睿真皇后，并奉迎其神主牌位祔祭于代宗皇帝的宗庙之中。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>自此，历经四朝天子的</span></font><span>“寻珠”活动，最终结束。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>红妆与武装</span></font></font></b></p><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>战乱中沈氏兄妹的镜像命运</span><span><br /></span></font></font></b></p></section></section></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在翻阅史书上关于沈氏记载之时，有一个人的经历，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>或许能与</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>沈氏的生存提供另一种叙述，这个人是沈珍珠的哥哥沈震。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>沈震有名流传至今，不仅因为他是睿真皇后之兄，更与他协助颜真卿抵御安禄山叛军有关。唐代令狐亘所撰《光禄大夫太子太师上柱国鲁郡开国公颜真卿墓志铭》载，唐玄宗天宝十四年</span></font><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font></span><span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">755</span></span></span><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>年末</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，沈震为颜</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>真卿的判官，他与盐山尉穆宁、武邑尉李铣、清河主簿张澹、清池尉贾戢，各抒</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>其</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>能，协助颜真卿守平原郡，抵御安禄山的叛乱，直到至德元年</span></font><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font></span><span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">756</span></span></span><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>冬十月，颜真卿不敌尹子奇与史思明的围攻，不得不弃守平原郡，渡河南去，沈震一直在颜真卿左右协助。至德二年</span></font><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font></span><span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">757</span></span></span><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>四月，颜真卿到达凤翔拜见唐肃宗，据学者推断，沈震有可能同颜真卿一同前往凤翔，此后</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>辅佐</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>肃宗左右。唐代宗大历八年</span></font><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font></span><span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">773</span></span></span><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，颜真卿应姻亲沈氏后人沈怡之请撰写《吴兴沈氏述祖德记》，其中提及</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>：</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">“过江二十叶孙御史中丞震，移牒郡国，请其封葺</span></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">。</span></span></font><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">”</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOh6bVialyMKZUZUOq6Iz6IuA0jBBG8zr2ZpicXp16FcvE5BY5Je3cMHA0Q/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 445px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">沈震在战场上厮杀的情景模拟。该图系AI生成。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>说明</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>此时的沈震已为御史中丞</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>据学者考证，沈震生前，除了御史中丞、秘书少监外还担任过左谏议大夫，唐德宗即位后，追赠秘书少监沈震为太尉，可见沈震颇得三朝皇帝器重。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>沈氏兄妹的命运，恰似一个耐人寻味的镜像</span></font><span>——</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>倘若沈珍珠生为男儿，或许她的人生轨迹会与兄长沈震重叠</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>但身为女子的她，一生</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>困于性别与婚姻的桎梏，因与</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>丈夫</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>感情疏淡而被遗落长安，最终生死成谜。史书留给她的，唯有一个真伪难辨的</span></font><span>“</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>珍珠</span></font><span>”</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>俗名，以及后世对</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>她下落</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>的</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>不断猜测</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhyWZNsQCDg2QQDBZaAdibkce14GCGtibmwBvpRDMk3OPsuA6Izz63oSvg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 422px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>虽然</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>不知在平乱的间隙，沈震是否会惦记着妹妹的安危，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>但</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>沈珍珠在离散的路上，一定会思念自己曾与亲人共度的时光。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">参考文献：</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">《旧唐书》，北京：中华书局，</span></span></font><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">1975年。</span></span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">《全唐文》，北京：中华书局，</span></span></font><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">1983年。</span></span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">《资治通鉴》，北京：中华书局，</span></span></font><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">2011年。</span></span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">周扬波：《从士族到绅族</span></span></font><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">——唐以后吴兴沈氏的宗族变迁》，杭州：浙江大学出版社，2009年。</span></span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">*</span>本文系“国家</span></font><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">人文历史”独家稿件，欢迎读者转发朋友圈。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><br /></span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><br /></span></p><section><section><section><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4s6XTkV1zgY7Ndw3fVeyGpxIIj30oUzpUnwIcafcXhx66GztUhxGc2FM8I09uwLbMwUFOQfZVGcg/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></section></section></section><section><span><span>END</span></span></section><section><span><span>作者 | 文青</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>编辑 | 胡心雅</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>主编 | 周斌</span></span></section><section><span><span>排版 | 徐沁（实习）</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>校对 | 李栋</span></span></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><span><span><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK6o0DTLAcjHUob1LlCbkiaCGeUicmbUPjIKiciad7l2ytYjz3bGBzNyAUu0aicCb4oWXbicQBJA96lk9Tug/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></span></span></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><strong><span><br /></span></strong></section><section><strong><span>国历好物</span></strong></section><p><span><strong><span><span>进击的士族</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>旁落的皇权</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>跨越五百年的权力对抗史</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>国民历史读物《国家人文历史》专业团队</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>最新力作</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>展现士族潮起潮落的史诗级历史画卷</span></span></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p><span><br /></span></p><section label=\"edit by 135editor\"><section><section><section><section><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK50l871IgvMuCSibrmOibSxicuassfQWcfhotQqH5lYBRPtichLu7A0vIGovAB5sRkicvnkQnT342127lA/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></section><section><section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section></section><section><section><strong><span>点击下方封面，即可购买</span></strong></section><section><span><br /></span></section></section><section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span><strong><span><span>↓↓↓</span></span></strong></span></p><p><a class=\"weapp_image_link js_weapp_entry\"><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK5sbRbqWpNPCUYibIYbC7RFRAHn32PAWbKDIM6A4MkicYHOWIR0Hy6iamToAdrvvPDeu5T15EKXjC1Fg/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></a><span><br /></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><h2 src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPQbfYUk2lKRJbtAXIuZ0kjicBeKbKicn7picTvdbH5bfuaoiazGOfbm8kw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558\"><section><section><section><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPPS2Tl0L42giakAlUSsWM2hKsLfDwrNFcLNgFaxPhQng3E9mCRE3tkg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558px\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651035606&idx=1&sn=95e5b910a9c15c3b861b33b6a6da3866&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcaIgQkEibvERBOGAaoicFhgsfmibxDTGK2z3uLHbhcvWGEYibV0hom5VW8CA/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span></a></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651035897&idx=1&sn=befda0705325843f84da3911012cad95&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcamtwvyMNyxgGfdgqCCu9GkBZl21VfOcYfkJRh5E0ArHl4UUBtbSzwRQ/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span></a></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><span><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcaohkRZ9cGSGGPakn9lRTzm4qIA3pNHn3EVXrsicT3De6T2ib5Slw6GsRQ/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span><span><br /></span></span></section></section></section></h2></section></section></section><section><span><section><h2 src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPQbfYUk2lKRJbtAXIuZ0kjicBeKbKicn7picTvdbH5bfuaoiazGOfbm8kw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558\"><span><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages __bg_gif wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJ0nGCQhDMIIg0L5icbmcctmcTvsgM0HwBpkXTF9ztE2MsQ8Tso0exnicA/640?wx_fmt=gif\" /></span></h2></section></span></section><section><section><section><section><span><span>“</span><strong><span>在看</span></strong><span>”的永远18岁~</span></span></section></section></section></section><section><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><section><section style=\"padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em; display: flex;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;\"></span></section></section></section></span></section><p style=\"display: none;\"></p></div>\n \n\n \n <br />\n\n \n <a class=\"media_tool_meta meta_primary\" href=\"http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651042024&idx=1&sn=83df9255d0e3860eb701e5f6eb8d730c&chksm=bc93ff8b63f702dd7a3426852fbfe4d5b0646faefed3dca30bb7ccc1e844779c186a5f24fb8a&scene=0#rd\" style=\"color: blue;\" target=\"_blank\">文章原文</a>\n <br />\n \n\n \n\n <img alt=\"\" class=\"\" height=\"1px\" src=\"http://www.jintiankansha.me/rss_static/13443/L4AI2zGyjU\" style=\"width: 1px; height: 1px; display: none;\" width=\"1px\" /></div></div>",
|
||
"content": "<div><div><div class=\"rich_media_content\" id=\"js_content\"><section style=\"margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 8px; white-space: normal; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJxdXiby5XB2BE6S0ulr9Fs213uZ85nlxAalcgRcLFiaSVdOVlrtCZRibIw/640?wx_fmt=gif\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK42AM6SzO4VIZ1xftBTyNbCuAelzYeeJRUciccV6MXemibQlbsJhOINBlfP46toxZMQbLUJWP73eY5Q/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><p><span><span>本 文 约 4300 字</span></span></p><section><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\"><p><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px;\"><span>阅 读 需 要 14 分 钟</span></span><span><span> </span></span></span></p></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>安史之乱中，杨贵妃死于马嵬坡，为</span></font><span>“此恨绵绵无绝期”的长恨歌画上了句号。实际上，在这场让唐朝由盛转衰的战乱中，被迫离散</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>甚至死亡的皇家妃嫔并不只有杨贵妃一人，今天故事所说的主人公，就是在安史之乱中被弃宫外，再无行踪的睿真皇后。</span></font></p><p><font face=\"宋体\"></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhiawx6W6K7SqsgmPWzpYosiaeAsiaNVDOUHnOnxnqeRQAu5hTD6d7rxrWQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 340px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">睿真皇后沈珍珠影视形象。来源/影视剧《大唐荣耀》</span></span></font></font></p><p><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>出身名门旧族，一朝选进天家</span></font><span><br /></span></font></b></p></section></section></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>睿真皇后出身吴</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>兴沈氏，民间相传其名为沈珍珠</span><span>，</span><span>以下为了叙事方便称其为“沈珍珠”。</span><span>吴兴沈氏为东汉海昏</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>侯</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>沈戎之后，沈氏的先祖是南梁安陆太守沈勰，他带领族人归附北周，周武帝宇文邕娶其女为皇后，册拜沈勰为尚书左仆射，从沈勰起，沈氏历经隋唐，世代为官，是当时的名门望族。入唐之后，沈氏势力衰落，沈珍珠的父亲沈易直曾任秘书监，沈</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>氏的地位已大不如前，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>但</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>恰恰是这样</span></font><span>“</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>名门旧族</span></font><span>”</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>的出身，促成了沈珍珠入选进宫的重要条件。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhSFxhv5VmribCeJ3NoiaQq0UxBmtUWkxw9fT1bOPvicaoKYJYInXt2A0dw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">剧中时人对沈易直的评价。来源/影视剧《大唐荣耀》截图</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>《唐会要》记载</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>：</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">“</span></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">正观十三年二月二十五日，尚书八座议曰，谨按王者正位，作为人极，朝有公卿之列，室有嫔御之亭。内政修而家理，外教和而国安。爰自周代，洎乎汉室，名号损益，特或不同。然皆寤寐贤才，博采淑令，非唯德洽宫壶，抑亦庆流邦国，近伐以降。情溺私宠，掖庭之选，有乖故宝。故微贱之族，礼训蔑闻。或刑戮之家，怨气充积。而滥吹名级，入侍宫围。即事而言，窍未为得，臣等伏请自今已后，后宫及东宫内职员有阙者，皆选有才行充者。若内无其人，则旁求于外。采择良家，以礼聘纳。</span></span></font><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">”</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>也就是说，在</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>贞观十三年</span></font><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font></span><span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">639</span></span></span><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，尚书上奏，认为近世</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（指隋朝及唐初）</span></span><span>以来，</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（君主）</span></span><span>沉溺于个人宠爱，后宫</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（掖庭）</span></span><span>的选拔</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>已严重</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>违背过去的准则。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>很多</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>出身低微贫贱、不懂礼仪教养的女子获得名位品级十分不妥。因而建议后宫以及东宫内的女官职位如有空缺，都应选拔有德行、有才能的人来充任。如果宫内没有合适人选，则应向宫外寻求，从良家中挑选，以礼聘纳。沈氏家族</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>就这样</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>完美地符合了采选良家子的标准</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>开元末年，沈珍珠以良家子身份被选入</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>宫中，当时</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>的</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>东宫皇太子李亨，将她赐给当时的皇长孙李俶</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（后改为李豫）</span></span><span>，天宝元年</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">742）</span></span><span>，沈珍珠生下皇长曾孙</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>李适</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhOfmI1mKfqLh8niaeFFJ1JnN4xL6tCbbQBT2TYLGiaaqicmyI01HLeXzTA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 513px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">唐鎏金伎乐纹八棱银杯。来源/陕西历史博物馆</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>看到这里，你是不是觉得沈珍珠将会在丈夫继位后凭借生育长子的功劳得到尊崇的位分和令人羡慕的</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>荣宠</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>？事实上，沈珍珠虽然养育长子，但她始终不受李豫重视。当安史之乱的叛军逼近长安时，唐玄宗携一众皇室出逃，李亨、李豫和李适均在其中，沈珍珠</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>却</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>落入叛军之手，被囚禁于洛阳</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>直到一年后，李豫收复东都洛阳，才在东都掖庭中找到她。李豫找到沈珍珠后并未将她带走，反而因</span></font><span>“未暇迎归长安”，将她继续留在洛阳</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>不久</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>史思明再次攻陷洛阳，等到再收复洛阳之时，沈珍珠已彻底失去音信，</span></font><span>“莫测存亡”。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>丈夫登基，寻踪未果</span><span><br /></span></font></font></b></p></section></section></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>李</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>豫即位后</span></font><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font></span><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">唐代宗</span></span></font></span><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，曾下</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>令寻找沈珍珠的下落，但</span></font><span>“十余年寂无所闻</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（《旧唐书》）</span></span><span>”</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。而《资治通鉴》中则记载，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>永泰元年</span></font><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font></span><span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">765</span></span></span><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，曾有寿州崇善寺的尼姑广澄诈称自己是沈珍珠，但经查验后发现她是从前少阳院</span></font><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font></span><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">唐大明宫内皇太子居所</span></span></font></span><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>的乳母，代宗便将其鞭杀。按唐律，假扮贵族确实是重罪，代宗将其鞭杀似乎也无可厚非。但也有人认为，代宗如此严厉地处死冒认者，反而可能使真正知晓沈珍珠踪迹的人不敢贸然提供线索，最终使得在代宗在位之年，难寻沈珍珠的下落。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhk2FOL6heprWUIT0wBNPSQAHBhqvwkbLdtIBkmN16oNbu0eqic2icosDA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 372px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">唐，青釉凤头龙柄壶。来源/故宫博物院</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>这件冒认皇后案，虽然在《资治通鉴》中的记载只有寥寥数语，但细看却又能发现不少疑点。冒认的尼姑</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>来自</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>寿州，也就是今天的安徽省寿县，离长安和洛阳千里之遥，如果说代宗对寻找沈珍珠并不重视，大可</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>只</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在两京之地</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>简单找</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>找，何必要千里迢迢寻到安徽？可要说代宗真的对沈氏珍重非常，为何最初逃亡之时不带上她，找到她后又仅是草草将其安排在洛阳并不带走，寻到冒认者也不做长远打算</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（比如利用冒认者线索深挖或谨慎甄别）</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>只是将冒认者直接处死？</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhyKVxBribckB0tnfibgUgIVFx03Ppp7yu3dib1aqRdiaZKzEsTZHVrbW4pQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">唐玉人。来源/陕西历史博物馆</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>这或许与代宗的帝王心态有关。一方面，代宗寻找沈珍珠，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>是为了</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>沈珍珠之子李适。李适作为代宗的长子，在代宗即位后成为平定安史之乱的重要功臣，宝应元年</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">762）</span></span><span>四月，代宗即位，五月</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>便</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>委任李适为天下兵马元帅，改封鲁王，肩负起与安史叛军最后决战的使命，宝应二年</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">763）</span></span><span>，安史之乱平定，李适因功拜为尚书令，实封食邑二千户，和平叛名将郭子仪、李光弼等八人一起被赐铁券、图形凌烟阁。广德二年</span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（764）</span></span><span>正月，李适以长子身份被立为皇太子，并于二月举行册礼。李适</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>成为</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>储君后，寻找沈珍珠的行为不仅增添了寻找</span></font><span>“国母”的政治意味，也成为维系</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>代总</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>和</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>太子之间父子</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>亲情的纽带，因此代宗必须尽力寻找沈珍珠。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhqrPjiby5QHabfFqxRxnHYO2vAomia7lc0vicrJY9hDbXa80spibQ0gkSmQ/640?wx_fmt=gif&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">唐代宗</span></span></font><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">在寻找沈珍珠的路上。来源/影视剧《大唐荣耀2》</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>另一方面，代宗本人或许对沈珍珠的感情较为淡薄</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>史书中对李豫和沈珍珠的感情并未有太多着墨，相比之下，代宗的独孤贵妃</span></font><span>“以美丽入宫，嬖幸专房，故长秋虚位，诸姬罕所进御”，显然更得代宗喜爱，甚至于在其去世后，代宗追谥其为贞懿皇后，殡于内殿，将其灵柩停于内殿三年不忍下葬。对比代宗</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>对待</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>沈氏与独孤，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>应该</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>可以看出他对沈珍珠</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>并没有太多宠爱</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>这也就</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>直接影响了代宗寻找沈氏下落</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>时</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>的</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>态度</span></font><span>——为了</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>储君，他不得不表现出积极</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>寻找</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>的姿态</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>但</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>出于个人情感，他或许并不希望真的找到沈氏</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>甚至可能为了宠妃的利益而刻意回避此事。这种矛盾的帝王心态，或许能</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>为</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>代宗在尼姑假冒沈氏一案中采取如此轻率的处理方式</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>找到一个解释</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>亲子继位，寻母一生</span><span><br /></span></font></font></b></p></section></section></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>代宗死后，德宗李适即位。作为沈珍珠的亲子，李适对母亲的感情显然要比父亲对妻子的感情更为真挚。德宗初即位，便</span></font><span>“遥尊圣母沈氏为皇太后，陈礼于含元殿庭，如正至之仪”，正式册立沈珍珠为皇太后，并“以睦王述为奉迎皇太后使，工部尚书乔琳副之，候太后问至，升平公主宜备起居”为寻回母亲做了充分且正式的准备</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>与此同时，德宗</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>还</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>命沈氏族人四人为判官，派使多人分行天下，四处寻访。大臣们</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>都</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>为德宗的寻母之举感动，在</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>册封</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>沈氏为皇太后的典礼上，</span></font><span>“帝再拜，歔唏不自胜，左右皆泣下”，还有臣子 “为奉迎皇太后使沈判官至”写了一首诗：</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; text-align: center;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">长乐宫人扫落花，</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; text-align: center;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">君王正候五云车。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; text-align: center;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">万方臣妾同瞻望，</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; text-align: center;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">疑在曾城阿母家。</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font align=\"\" alt=\"\" border=\"\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" face=\"宋体\" height=\"\" hspace=\"\" ismap=\"ismap\" src=\"\" title=\"\" type=\"block\" usemap=\"\" vspace=\"\" width=\"\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>德宗寻母的过程中，也遇到了有人冒充沈珍珠的事件。建中二年</span></font><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font></span><span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">781</span></span></span><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，曾侍奉过沈珍珠的一个女官</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>李真一</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在洛阳遇到了一个女子，这个女子常与人讲述皇宫内廷中的故事，李真一认为这个女子的年龄和相貌与太后有些相似，就猜想她</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>可能</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>是沈太后，于是向负责寻访的使者详细描述了她的情况。德宗听后十分惊喜，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>立刻</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>派人前往查证，此时距离沈珍珠失踪已过去二十多年，当年认识沈太后的旧宫人</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>和</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>老臣都已不在世，没有人能确切辨认出太后，只记得太后曾在德宗幼时削</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>饭食</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>喂他，不小心伤了左手手指，而这位女子也曾因切瓜伤过手指，阴差阳错之下，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>即便</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>这女子百般否认，众人</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>还是坚持认定</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>她就是沈太后，并将她迎入上阳宫居住。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>德宗</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>随后</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>调派了一百多名宫女，带着皇帝的车驾、服饰和用品到上阳宫前去侍奉这名女子，左右的人用各种方法诱导劝说她，这名女子才</span></font><span>“</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>承认</span></font><span>”</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>自己是太后。查验的人快马加鞭入宫禀报此事，德宗大喜，登上正殿接受朝贺，并下诏让有关部门起草迎接太后正式回宫的礼仪。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhDsUgUhWCI4aflp1fdia9oT6kzAypjy0GyHicPOwRvbM04Nnzyl8IT08Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" style=\"width: 539px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; text-align: left;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">唐德宗画像。来源/</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">中国历代名人画像谱</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>但</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>实际上，这名女子并非沈珍珠，她通晓宫中之事，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>只</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>因为她是高力士的养女。此时，高氏女子的弟弟正在长安，他听说了姐姐在洛阳冒认沈太后的事情，担心事发后会获罪，就向朝廷说明了此事，高氏女发现纸包不住火，声称自己是被人强迫冒充的，并非出于本意。真相大白之后，朝中有人向德宗进言，认为德宗应该效仿先帝代宗，将高氏女处死，但德宗却担心若将高氏女重罚，之后人们不敢再报告关于太后的消息，所以并没有向相关人员问罪，并说：</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">“吾宁受百欺，庶几得之</span></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">。</span></span></font><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">”</span></span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（我宁愿遭受一百次欺骗，只希望能有一次找到真的母亲）</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>战国时期，燕昭王</span></font><span>“千金买马骨”，以此彰显其求贤若渴的决心；同样，唐德宗不惜屡次上当，只为寻回母亲沈氏，足见其一片孝心。然而，唐德宗终其一生也未能再见到母亲。德宗驾崩后，顺宗李诵继位，但很快去世。其子李纯继位，是为唐宪宗。</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在这期间</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，寻找沈珍珠的行动一直在持续，直到永贞元年</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">805）</span></span><span>，礼仪使上奏唐宪宗请求停止寻找沈太后，宪宗下诏批准。</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>同年</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>十一月</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>朝廷正式册封并追谥沈氏为睿真皇后，并奉迎其神主牌位祔祭于代宗皇帝的宗庙之中。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>自此，历经四朝天子的</span></font><span>“寻珠”活动，最终结束。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>红妆与武装</span></font></font></b></p><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>战乱中沈氏兄妹的镜像命运</span><span><br /></span></font></font></b></p></section></section></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在翻阅史书上关于沈氏记载之时，有一个人的经历，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>或许能与</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>沈氏的生存提供另一种叙述，这个人是沈珍珠的哥哥沈震。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>沈震有名流传至今，不仅因为他是睿真皇后之兄，更与他协助颜真卿抵御安禄山叛军有关。唐代令狐亘所撰《光禄大夫太子太师上柱国鲁郡开国公颜真卿墓志铭》载，唐玄宗天宝十四年</span></font><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font></span><span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">755</span></span></span><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>年末</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，沈震为颜</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>真卿的判官，他与盐山尉穆宁、武邑尉李铣、清河主簿张澹、清池尉贾戢，各抒</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>其</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>能，协助颜真卿守平原郡，抵御安禄山的叛乱，直到至德元年</span></font><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font></span><span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">756</span></span></span><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>冬十月，颜真卿不敌尹子奇与史思明的围攻，不得不弃守平原郡，渡河南去，沈震一直在颜真卿左右协助。至德二年</span></font><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font></span><span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">757</span></span></span><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>四月，颜真卿到达凤翔拜见唐肃宗，据学者推断，沈震有可能同颜真卿一同前往凤翔，此后</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>辅佐</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>肃宗左右。唐代宗大历八年</span></font><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font></span><span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">773</span></span></span><span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>，颜真卿应姻亲沈氏后人沈怡之请撰写《吴兴沈氏述祖德记》，其中提及</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>：</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">“过江二十叶孙御史中丞震，移牒郡国，请其封葺</span></span><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">。</span></span></font><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">”</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOh6bVialyMKZUZUOq6Iz6IuA0jBBG8zr2ZpicXp16FcvE5BY5Je3cMHA0Q/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 445px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">沈震在战场上厮杀的情景模拟。该图系AI生成。</span></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>说明</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>此时的沈震已为御史中丞</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>据学者考证，沈震生前，除了御史中丞、秘书少监外还担任过左谏议大夫，唐德宗即位后，追赠秘书少监沈震为太尉，可见沈震颇得三朝皇帝器重。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>沈氏兄妹的命运，恰似一个耐人寻味的镜像</span></font><span>——</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>倘若沈珍珠生为男儿，或许她的人生轨迹会与兄长沈震重叠</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>但身为女子的她，一生</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>困于性别与婚姻的桎梏，因与</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>丈夫</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>感情疏淡而被遗落长安，最终生死成谜。史书留给她的，唯有一个真伪难辨的</span></font><span>“</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>珍珠</span></font><span>”</span><font face=\"宋体\"><span>俗名，以及后世对</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>她下落</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>的</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>不断猜测</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhyWZNsQCDg2QQDBZaAdibkce14GCGtibmwBvpRDMk3OPsuA6Izz63oSvg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 422px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>虽然</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>不知在平乱的间隙，沈震是否会惦记着妹妹的安危，</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>但</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>沈珍珠在离散的路上，一定会思念自己曾与亲人共度的时光。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">参考文献：</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">《旧唐书》，北京：中华书局，</span></span></font><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">1975年。</span></span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">《全唐文》，北京：中华书局，</span></span></font><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">1983年。</span></span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">《资治通鉴》，北京：中华书局，</span></span></font><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">2011年。</span></span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">周扬波：《从士族到绅族</span></span></font><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">——唐以后吴兴沈氏的宗族变迁》，杭州：浙江大学出版社，2009年。</span></span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">*</span>本文系“国家</span></font><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">人文历史”独家稿件，欢迎读者转发朋友圈。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><br /></span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><br /></span></p><section><section><section><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4s6XTkV1zgY7Ndw3fVeyGpxIIj30oUzpUnwIcafcXhx66GztUhxGc2FM8I09uwLbMwUFOQfZVGcg/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></section></section></section><section><span><span>END</span></span></section><section><span><span>作者 | 文青</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>编辑 | 胡心雅</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>主编 | 周斌</span></span></section><section><span><span>排版 | 徐沁（实习）</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>校对 | 李栋</span></span></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><span><span><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK6o0DTLAcjHUob1LlCbkiaCGeUicmbUPjIKiciad7l2ytYjz3bGBzNyAUu0aicCb4oWXbicQBJA96lk9Tug/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></span></span></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><strong><span><br /></span></strong></section><section><strong><span>国历好物</span></strong></section><p><span><strong><span><span>进击的士族</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>旁落的皇权</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>跨越五百年的权力对抗史</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>国民历史读物《国家人文历史》专业团队</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>最新力作</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>展现士族潮起潮落的史诗级历史画卷</span></span></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p><span><br /></span></p><section label=\"edit by 135editor\"><section><section><section><section><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK50l871IgvMuCSibrmOibSxicuassfQWcfhotQqH5lYBRPtichLu7A0vIGovAB5sRkicvnkQnT342127lA/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></section><section><section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section></section><section><section><strong><span>点击下方封面，即可购买</span></strong></section><section><span><br /></span></section></section><section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span><strong><span><span>↓↓↓</span></span></strong></span></p><p><a class=\"weapp_image_link js_weapp_entry\"><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK5sbRbqWpNPCUYibIYbC7RFRAHn32PAWbKDIM6A4MkicYHOWIR0Hy6iamToAdrvvPDeu5T15EKXjC1Fg/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></a><span><br /></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><h2 src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPQbfYUk2lKRJbtAXIuZ0kjicBeKbKicn7picTvdbH5bfuaoiazGOfbm8kw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558\"><section><section><section><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPPS2Tl0L42giakAlUSsWM2hKsLfDwrNFcLNgFaxPhQng3E9mCRE3tkg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558px\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651035606&idx=1&sn=95e5b910a9c15c3b861b33b6a6da3866&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcaIgQkEibvERBOGAaoicFhgsfmibxDTGK2z3uLHbhcvWGEYibV0hom5VW8CA/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span></a></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651035897&idx=1&sn=befda0705325843f84da3911012cad95&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcamtwvyMNyxgGfdgqCCu9GkBZl21VfOcYfkJRh5E0ArHl4UUBtbSzwRQ/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span></a></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><span><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcaohkRZ9cGSGGPakn9lRTzm4qIA3pNHn3EVXrsicT3De6T2ib5Slw6GsRQ/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span><span><br /></span></span></section></section></section></h2></section></section></section><section><span><section><h2 src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPQbfYUk2lKRJbtAXIuZ0kjicBeKbKicn7picTvdbH5bfuaoiazGOfbm8kw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558\"><span><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages __bg_gif wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJ0nGCQhDMIIg0L5icbmcctmcTvsgM0HwBpkXTF9ztE2MsQ8Tso0exnicA/640?wx_fmt=gif\" /></span></h2></section></span></section><section><section><section><section><span><span>“</span><strong><span>在看</span></strong><span>”的永远18岁~</span></span></section></section></section></section><section><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><section><section style=\"padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em; display: flex;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;\"></span></section></section></section></span></section><p style=\"display: none;\"></p></div>\n \n\n \n <br />\n\n \n <a class=\"media_tool_meta meta_primary\" href=\"http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651042024&idx=1&sn=83df9255d0e3860eb701e5f6eb8d730c&chksm=bc93ff8b63f702dd7a3426852fbfe4d5b0646faefed3dca30bb7ccc1e844779c186a5f24fb8a&scene=0#rd\" style=\"color: blue;\" target=\"_blank\">文章原文</a>\n <br />\n \n\n \n\n <img alt=\"\" class=\"\" height=\"1px\" src=\"http://www.jintiankansha.me/rss_static/13443/L4AI2zGyjU\" style=\"width: 1px; height: 1px; display: none;\" width=\"1px\" /></div></div>",
|
||
"category": "",
|
||
"link": "http://weixin.sogou.com/weixin?type=2&query=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2+%E7%9C%9F%E6%AD%A3%E7%9A%84%E2%80%9C%E8%AF%AF%E9%97%AF%E5%A4%A9%E5%AE%B6%E2%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E5%A5%B9%E8%B4%B5%E4%B8%BA%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%9D%E7%A6%BB%E5%A4%B1%EF%BC%8C%E8%AE%A9%E5%9B%9B%E6%9C%9D%E5%A4%A9%E5%AD%90%E6%89%BE%E4%BA%8650%E5%B9%B4",
|
||
"creator": "",
|
||
"pubDate": "Thu, 03 Jul 2025 12:27:00 +0800",
|
||
"enclosure": "",
|
||
"enclosureType": "",
|
||
"image": "",
|
||
"id": "",
|
||
"language": "",
|
||
"folder": "人文历史",
|
||
"feed": "国家人文历史",
|
||
"read": false,
|
||
"favorite": false,
|
||
"created": false,
|
||
"tags": [],
|
||
"hash": "a2768dff40d6c2416a56420c806075cd",
|
||
"highlights": []
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"title": "多尔衮死后家族势力一夜崩塌，真的是因为他没有儿子吗？",
|
||
"description": "<div><div><div class=\"rich_media_content\" id=\"js_content\"><section style=\"margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 8px; white-space: normal; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJxdXiby5XB2BE6S0ulr9Fs213uZ85nlxAalcgRcLFiaSVdOVlrtCZRibIw/640?wx_fmt=gif\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhgtlC44NZVSyz0tY39CzKELspLsvNu2VzCy0dsK4tFmW7fZo6JNvMsg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><p><span><span>本 文 约 3800 字</span></span></p><section><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\"><p><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px;\"><span>阅 读 需 要 13 分 钟</span></span><span><span> </span></span></span></p></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>顺治七年</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">1650</span></span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span>，</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>多尔衮死</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>于</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>关外</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>的喀喇</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">kā lā</span></span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>城，享年</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>39岁。多</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>尔衮死前一个多月，“有事不乐”，在寒冬十一月跑到冰天雪地的塞外打猎，</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>结果</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>死在打猎的路上，他的去世十分突然，无人预料。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhT3swKicLjvyHc15zTROMia6mzjo7IXcEU7u14UicqUL3sVhRZfnq8mBLg/640?wx_fmt=gif&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhw09WSmELRmQAQTI7icCHC7EQ2OpKySHgFcm1kh8dcV7fibfgTX9sxeLw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>此时的多尔</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>衮权倾朝野，几乎到了与顺治帝分庭抗礼的程度。顺治四年<span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">1647）</span>“以后凡行礼处，跪拜永远停止”，多尔衮已不再向顺治帝行礼。顺治五年<span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（1648）</span>末，多尔衮又向前进了一步，由“皇叔父摄政王”变成了“皇父摄政王”，其后多尔衮“所用仪仗、音乐及卫从之人，俱僭拟至尊”，不仅实权在握，而且在礼仪排场上也开始向皇帝看齐。凡一切政务，多尔衮不再有谦恭请示之举，未奉皇帝旨意，却一律称诏下旨，俨然如同皇帝。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhWed4MNCjJ5XmoKd2Dbr7ecLqcibhzUezian5SlerK0ibxJw04fTYc9EAg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhzMlCRJvy4bOicnpN6Q3nN60zDoTic6l6w2L7p0KA6nIcsL0uIN0M6Nyg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>但就在这时，</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>39岁的多尔衮竟突然死去，瞬间出现巨大权力真空。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><span>权力真空与政治动荡</span></font></b></p></section></section></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>此时，清军入关不过六年，战乱仍在持续，灾荒频仍，清廷财政入不敷出，百姓生活困苦。此前一年，清军才刚刚攻占湖南，华南、西南还有大片地方处于南明政权控制之下，但在多尔衮看来，已经到了享受胜利果实的时候了。多尔衮在此时就开始追求奢靡享乐，大兴土木。据说多尔衮的府第</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>“翚飞鸟革，虎踞龙盘，不惟凌空挂斗，与帝座相同，而金碧辉煌，雕镂奇异，尤有过之者”，号称比皇宫还豪华。一个将死之人，应该不会做这些固定资产的长线投资。多尔衮一定相当自信，确信自己可以长久享用。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhNqWPibrY7TOGlZnUkLUQghFpyd5q8tD5huQnGQUOzZcAHcoPpib1boHA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 293px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhTrkjeKawf64T6Y8t9nmibdklIaNdXiaE4JNSoyk4PicCL3jUz4r7Bd6ibQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>其实，多尔衮身体一直不太好，比较瘦弱。据他自己的解释，是在松山大战时</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>“颇劳心焦思，亲自披坚执锐”落下的病根。清军入关后，又赶上“国家多事之时”，多尔衮“机务日繁，疲于裁应，头昏目胀，体中时复不快”。进北京之后，“水土不调，为疾颇剧，今差健胜，然亦未尽愈也”。入关之初，清廷许多人都壮年而死，有一种说法是关内气温高，水土不服，容易出天花。多尔衮的病叫作“风疾”，据说是类似中风的脑血管疾病，所以他一定要求免去跪拜之礼，以防头晕中风发作。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>既然如此</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>，一个病人怎么可能跑到雪地里打猎呢？</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>其实，</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>当时</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>满</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>人</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>有一个相当生猛的习俗，身体越是有病，或是心中越是不悦，就越要跑去打猎，不管天气如何。皇太极也</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>曾</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>在隆冬腊月的患病之时跑到今天吉林</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>一带</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>打猎，结果就是病情更加恶化了。顺治</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>帝则</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>一辈子基本有三分之一时间</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>都</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>在猎场南苑度过，其实他的身体状态也不是很好，只不过不轻易跟别人说。藏于中国第一历史档案馆的一份档案《皇父多尔衮外出围猎日记》记载，多尔衮此时也是</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>“身体欠安” “居家烦闷”，在家闲不住，于是在农历十一月的</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>寒冬</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>里一路北上，边走边打猎，想用犬马之乐来驱散身心的郁闷。要是考虑到古代史家</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>“为尊者讳”的春秋笔法，多尔衮这次的病情恐怕要比“身体欠安”还要严重。折腾了整整二十多天，多尔衮终于在距离北京八百多里的长城口外</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>的</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>喀喇城撑不住了，</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>“病重歇息”，不久去世。</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>当时有传教士猜测，多尔衮大概是打猎跌下马、重伤而死。考虑到他的身体状况，也有可能是马背颠簸、气温骤冷，导致突发脑血管病，眼前一黑，跌下了马鞍。虽然</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>多尔衮的死因</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>尚不能确定，但要是他不在冬天跑去塞外打猎，很可能不会这么快死去。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhf7UBcSpSB3a4gbxXHOtsAItbCE68t8n932ZxqDvIic0QboRmBwIPdsA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhvUkfQZGFVpqk0gLhUrVONrZgIJ3Ficn3hfp2cHNcuicK6rpr0vSSak4A/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section><span><p></p></span></section><p><span><br /></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>而无论如何，权倾朝野的多尔衮一死，原来的政治格局也就无法维持了。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><span>无子嗣继承</span></font></b></p><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><span>继承人培养受阻</span></font></b></p></section></section></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span>从朝局来看，多尔衮的最主要政治对手有两黄旗、前摄政王济尔哈朗和顺治皇帝。皇太极去世时，豪格与多尔衮竞争皇位。多尔衮虽然辈分上是豪格的叔辈，但他比豪格还小三岁，功劳又大。多尔衮所在的两白旗因此觊觎皇位，两黄旗则激烈反对，最终</span><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>6岁的福临继位。此后，多尔衮激烈打击两黄旗。如此，索尼、鳌拜等两黄旗大臣倒了大霉。</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>鳌拜坚持立皇太极的儿子福临为帝，</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>“初时保护皇上，六大臣一心尽忠，不惜身家、誓同生死”，哪怕是得罪多尔衮也在所不惜，好几次被革职。多尔衮在位时，扶植两白旗，压制两黄旗，而随着多尔衮的倒台，两黄旗自然要反攻倒算。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOh3euCKoXkricHpWDSbJKca1B3k2ghqTKAPYzk4ibu2WTmouAa5Cx76icgQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhibL60A2tjDEmKPOk9Z5M8deGfjzYBDCLUmteh7Dspt3BQk0Vbo6icPibw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>济尔哈朗是努尔哈赤的侄子，顺治</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>帝</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>即位后，他与多尔衮共同辅政，不久即遭多尔衮排挤。而顺治</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>帝</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>从小在多尔衮的阴影下成长，与多尔衮势力决裂只是时间问题。</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>多尔衮死后五天，北京获知消息，又过四天后灵柩到达北京。</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>12岁的顺治亲率百官到东直门外五里迎接，顺治帝跪拜三次，失声痛哭，不久发下诏书，开始国丧，并追封多尔衮为懋德修道广业定功安民立政诚敬义皇帝，庙号成宗，表面功夫做足。但实际上，多尔衮一死，顺治帝就派人去睿王府中将多尔衮的所有信符收缴。据说多尔衮死前曾与其兄阿济格密谈，于是随多尔衮灵车到京的阿济格刚一到达就被抓了起来。多尔衮的权力迅速被12岁的顺治帝夺取。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhsOVYzN9Mqx5Z1KfiaORTZaAocpwtagrxxx5EITRF8HmzZrTMibBt6SPQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhOQQJ5mdrxOoZ474Ao3eVQufDtiaXNZhkL3IDX3fl4I8xwZn09NrTziag/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>多尔衮膝下无子，六妻四妾也未诞下子嗣，致使他后继无人。他虽收养多铎之子多尔博，但这无法从根本上解决继承问题。多尔衮生前忙于政务、军事及个人享受，未重视继承人的培养和规划。即使想培养继承人，也因身体每况愈下、精力不济而难以实施。有一些消息表明，多尔衮死前不久添了一个儿子，生母是续娶的豪格福晋博尔济锦氏，但也有人认为这是豪格遗腹子，最终到了乾隆朝平反多尔衮，睿亲王爵也是由多尔博的后人继承。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><span>家族势力衰落</span></font></b></p><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><span>政治遗产被清算</span></font></b></p></section></section></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>多尔衮去世后，其家族势力迅速衰落。狱中的阿济格一度想联络正白、正蓝旗依附自己，想继承多尔衮的势力，但遭到抵制，两旗报告了济尔哈朗，阿济格又添了新的罪名。很快，两黄旗的地位得到恢复，两红旗的满达海、瓦克达、杰书、罗可铎等获得升迁，多尔衮所在的两白旗愈发孤立。济尔哈朗还告发多尔衮的篡位：</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"楷体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">背誓肆行，妄自尊大，自称皇父摄政王。凡批票本章，一以皇父摄政王行之。仪仗、音乐、侍从、府第，僣拟至尊。擅称太宗文皇帝序不当立，以挟制皇上。构陷威逼，使肃亲王不得其死，遂纳其妃，且收其财产。更悖理入生母于太庙。僣妄不可枚举。臣等从前畏威吞声，今冒死奏闻，伏原重加处治。</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"楷体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOh5CebPgNdzzkhicuDKFoIM6y4BSzfUsvv8hGv5HJTWibqjjt8B2PVPnjA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 253px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhAFQqDnWvvEbiavFbibydnVKjfCleOD1hYtXxL5BEjvumxtlbG4oSpONQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section><span><br /></span></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>导致多尔衮身后遭到清算。苏克萨哈原为多尔衮的亲信，是正白旗的大将。多尔衮死后，他迅速调转风向，状告多尔衮私备</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>“八补黄袍、大东珠、素珠、黑狐褂”，“阴谋篡逆”，受到孝庄皇后信任，成为两白旗势力的幸存者，还升任镶白旗护军统领。很快，顺治帝便正式宣布多尔衮的十四条罪状：</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">擅自劝进：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">皇太极驾崩时，多尔衮之弟豫郡王多铎唆调劝进，而非诸王、贝勒、大臣等共同议定立多尔衮为摄政王。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">专权擅政：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">多尔衮逐渐独揽大权，不让郑亲王济尔哈朗参与政事，并将自己的亲弟豫郡王多铎封为辅政叔王，违背共同辅政的誓言。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">妄自居功：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">将顺治帝继位以及皇太极时期诸王大臣官兵的功绩全部据为己有。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">僭越礼制：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">所用仪仗、音乐及侍从等均与皇帝无异，且建造的府第规模宏大，与宫阙相似，严重违反礼制。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">挥霍无度：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">随意浪费府库财物，擅自使用织造缎匹、库贮银两珍宝，数量巨大，不知节俭。</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">抢夺人口：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">将顺治帝侍臣伊尔登、陈泰等族人丁等尽收归自己旗下。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">诋毁皇太极即位：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">谎称皇太极之即位原系夺立，以此挟制中外，破坏皇太极的名誉和权威。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">逼死肃亲王：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">构陷威逼豪格，致其不得善终，并纳其妃，侵占其财产，手段残忍。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">贪得无厌：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">将官兵户口财产等项据为己有，不行归公，贪婪自私。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">拉拢侍臣：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">企图使皇上侍臣额尔克戴青归己，封吴拜等人为侯爵，后因戴青不从而罢侯封；又派罗什以美言诱皇上侍臣席讷布库，企图使其党附，破坏皇上的统治基础。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">擅权独断：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">凡政事及批票本章等，不奉皇上之命，概称诏旨，擅自作威作福，任意黜陟官员，违背君主专制体制。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">阻止王公入朝：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">不允许诸王、贝勒、贝子、公等入朝办事，令其在自己府前等候，将朝廷视为己有，严重侵犯皇上权威和朝廷秩序。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">私制帝服：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">私自制作皇帝服饰，藏匿御用珠宝，有谋逆之心，试图在服饰上与皇帝等同，严重挑衅皇权。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">密谋移驻：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">曾与人密谋，欲带两旗移驻永平府，企图控制军事要地，以实现其不可告人的政治野心。</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>最终，追夺多尔衮一切封典，毁墓掘尸，多尔衮之兄阿济格被幽禁，家族人口、牲畜被没官。多尔衮死后两个月，家族地位一落千丈。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhqOvVLI4dqMMaFZSaQbMEO9NX9wOLmSLhUccUNXZRBkuCHw2jppxsUA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 159px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhYzzUHlBNacXVQVPCm4gadyxe6G6vpbzYrRYwJibWlqmAvLD9Zs6ClvQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>对多尔衮势力的清算持续到了康熙朝。康熙五年<span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">1666）</span>，鳌拜执意更换旗地，用镶黄旗的土地置换正白旗的土地。正白旗的庄地是多尔衮时期圈占的冀东平原的肥地，而镶黄旗的土地很多在山区和盐碱区，鳌拜此举等于把顺治朝的旧账又翻了出来，把这些土地上的旗人和汉人农民都折腾得不轻。正白旗的苏克萨哈当然阻挠，大学士、户部尚书苏纳海、直隶山东河南三省总督朱昌祚等官员也反对。苏纳海就是正白旗人，朱昌祚是汉军镶白旗，鳌拜恼羞成怒，看到两白旗势力还敢反抗，利用职权将反对官员全部下狱议罪。当年告发多尔衮的苏克萨哈如今心灰意冷，不久“奏乞守先帝陵寝，庶得保全余生”——对政治斗争“躺平”了，想去给先帝看坟头，结果鳌拜不依不饶，罗织罪名：</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">“以大逆论，与其长子内大臣查克旦皆磔死；余子六人、孙一人、兄弟子二人皆处斩，籍没；族人前锋统领白尔赫图、侍卫额尔德皆斩。”</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhFgjrWOqIicfP1xLSvTgBNvC6FKdV6cOmF80e95GuIu5ADPgY21FdoGA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhjP9rtQP9zOYtDqvkibqia69XDWa9OCfUkJ2qORweSgrtUCqAL6cI3AHw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>想要灭苏克萨哈满门。少年康熙帝不准，鳌拜</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>“攘臂上前，强奏累日”，最终苏克萨哈被判处绞刑，其余人全部被害。鳌拜受到多尔衮多年持续打击，对两白旗充满怨恨，宁可忤逆少年康熙帝也要对两白旗斩尽杀绝，但这一介武夫没有意识到，他已经活成了多尔衮的样子，全清廷都知道鳌拜能让皇上低头，苏克萨哈倒台了，鳌拜的政治末日也就不远了，此时距离鳌拜下狱也就只差一年多时间而已。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>迟至百余年后的乾隆四十三年<span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">1778）</span>，年逾花甲的乾隆帝发布上谕，正式平反多尔衮，下令“追谥曰忠，补入玉牒，并令补继袭封，照亲王园寝制度修其茔墓”，并令国史馆修正其传记。</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">参考文献：</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: normal;\">[1] 《清实录</span></span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: normal;\">·大清世祖章皇帝实录》</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: normal;\">[2] 周远廉、赵世瑜：《</span></span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: normal;\">清摄政王：多尔衮全传</span></span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: normal;\">》，陕西人民出版社</span></span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: normal;\">2008年版</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">*</span>本文系“国家</span></font><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">人文历史”独家稿件，欢迎读者转发朋友圈。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><br /></span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><br /></span></p><section><section><section><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4s6XTkV1zgY7Ndw3fVeyGpxIIj30oUzpUnwIcafcXhx66GztUhxGc2FM8I09uwLbMwUFOQfZVGcg/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></section></section></section><section><span><span>END</span></span></section><section><span><span>作者 | 周天一</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>编辑 | 胡心雅</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>主编 | 周斌</span></span></section><section><span><span>排版 | 曲晨溪（实习）</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>校对 | 古月</span></span></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><span><span><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK6o0DTLAcjHUob1LlCbkiaCGeUicmbUPjIKiciad7l2ytYjz3bGBzNyAUu0aicCb4oWXbicQBJA96lk9Tug/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></span></span></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><strong><span><br /></span></strong></section><section><strong><span>国历好物</span></strong></section><section><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK50l871IgvMuCSibrmOibSxicuB2xBPs1uQ2ZspQytHr1P0K7rUaKzSAg2CRzMr8ibAYhs2mSk7cLvZpQ/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></section><p><span><strong><span><span>进击的士族</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>旁落的皇权</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>跨越五百年的权力对抗史</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>国民历史读物《国家人文历史》专业团队</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>最新力作</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>展现士族潮起潮落的史诗级历史画卷</span></span></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p><span><br /></span></p><section label=\"edit by 135editor\"><section><section><section><section><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK50l871IgvMuCSibrmOibSxicuassfQWcfhotQqH5lYBRPtichLu7A0vIGovAB5sRkicvnkQnT342127lA/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></section><section><section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section></section><section><section><strong><span>点击下方封面，即可购买</span></strong></section><section><span><br /></span></section></section><section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span><strong><span><span>↓↓↓</span></span></strong></span></p><p><a class=\"weapp_image_link js_weapp_entry\"><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK5sbRbqWpNPCUYibIYbC7RFRAHn32PAWbKDIM6A4MkicYHOWIR0Hy6iamToAdrvvPDeu5T15EKXjC1Fg/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></a><span><br /></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><h2 src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPQbfYUk2lKRJbtAXIuZ0kjicBeKbKicn7picTvdbH5bfuaoiazGOfbm8kw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558\"><section><section><section><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPPS2Tl0L42giakAlUSsWM2hKsLfDwrNFcLNgFaxPhQng3E9mCRE3tkg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558px\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651035606&idx=1&sn=95e5b910a9c15c3b861b33b6a6da3866&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcaIgQkEibvERBOGAaoicFhgsfmibxDTGK2z3uLHbhcvWGEYibV0hom5VW8CA/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span></a></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651035897&idx=1&sn=befda0705325843f84da3911012cad95&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcamtwvyMNyxgGfdgqCCu9GkBZl21VfOcYfkJRh5E0ArHl4UUBtbSzwRQ/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span></a></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><span><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcaohkRZ9cGSGGPakn9lRTzm4qIA3pNHn3EVXrsicT3De6T2ib5Slw6GsRQ/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span><span><br /></span></span></section></section></section></h2></section></section></section><section><span><section><h2 src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPQbfYUk2lKRJbtAXIuZ0kjicBeKbKicn7picTvdbH5bfuaoiazGOfbm8kw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558\"><span><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages __bg_gif wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJ0nGCQhDMIIg0L5icbmcctmcTvsgM0HwBpkXTF9ztE2MsQ8Tso0exnicA/640?wx_fmt=gif\" /></span></h2><section><span><span>“</span><strong><span>在看</span></strong><span>”的永远18岁~</span></span></section></section></span></section><section><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><section><section style=\"padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em; display: flex;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;\"></span></section></section></section></span></section><p style=\"display: none;\"></p></div>\n \n\n \n <br />\n\n \n <a class=\"media_tool_meta meta_primary\" href=\"http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651041994&idx=1&sn=892ef73e986d6316dbf70f2dc1724cc3&chksm=bc5488996ff57125b313704cf004064a26987617235dd3e33c06a265bfd0903eb57fcee0e5f1&scene=0#rd\" style=\"color: blue;\" target=\"_blank\">文章原文</a>\n <br />\n \n\n \n\n <img alt=\"\" class=\"\" height=\"1px\" src=\"http://www.jintiankansha.me/rss_static/13443/Go8Yw6zWpr\" style=\"width: 1px; height: 1px; display: none;\" width=\"1px\" /></div></div>",
|
||
"content": "<div><div><div class=\"rich_media_content\" id=\"js_content\"><section style=\"margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 8px; white-space: normal; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJxdXiby5XB2BE6S0ulr9Fs213uZ85nlxAalcgRcLFiaSVdOVlrtCZRibIw/640?wx_fmt=gif\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhgtlC44NZVSyz0tY39CzKELspLsvNu2VzCy0dsK4tFmW7fZo6JNvMsg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><p><span><span>本 文 约 3800 字</span></span></p><section><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\"><p><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px;\"><span>阅 读 需 要 13 分 钟</span></span><span><span> </span></span></span></p></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>顺治七年</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">1650</span></span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span>，</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>多尔衮死</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>于</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>关外</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>的喀喇</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">kā lā</span></span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">）</span></span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>城，享年</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>39岁。多</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>尔衮死前一个多月，“有事不乐”，在寒冬十一月跑到冰天雪地的塞外打猎，</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>结果</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>死在打猎的路上，他的去世十分突然，无人预料。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhT3swKicLjvyHc15zTROMia6mzjo7IXcEU7u14UicqUL3sVhRZfnq8mBLg/640?wx_fmt=gif&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhw09WSmELRmQAQTI7icCHC7EQ2OpKySHgFcm1kh8dcV7fibfgTX9sxeLw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>此时的多尔</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>衮权倾朝野，几乎到了与顺治帝分庭抗礼的程度。顺治四年<span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">1647）</span>“以后凡行礼处，跪拜永远停止”，多尔衮已不再向顺治帝行礼。顺治五年<span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（1648）</span>末，多尔衮又向前进了一步，由“皇叔父摄政王”变成了“皇父摄政王”，其后多尔衮“所用仪仗、音乐及卫从之人，俱僭拟至尊”，不仅实权在握，而且在礼仪排场上也开始向皇帝看齐。凡一切政务，多尔衮不再有谦恭请示之举，未奉皇帝旨意，却一律称诏下旨，俨然如同皇帝。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhWed4MNCjJ5XmoKd2Dbr7ecLqcibhzUezian5SlerK0ibxJw04fTYc9EAg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhzMlCRJvy4bOicnpN6Q3nN60zDoTic6l6w2L7p0KA6nIcsL0uIN0M6Nyg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>但就在这时，</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>39岁的多尔衮竟突然死去，瞬间出现巨大权力真空。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><span>权力真空与政治动荡</span></font></b></p></section></section></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>此时，清军入关不过六年，战乱仍在持续，灾荒频仍，清廷财政入不敷出，百姓生活困苦。此前一年，清军才刚刚攻占湖南，华南、西南还有大片地方处于南明政权控制之下，但在多尔衮看来，已经到了享受胜利果实的时候了。多尔衮在此时就开始追求奢靡享乐，大兴土木。据说多尔衮的府第</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>“翚飞鸟革，虎踞龙盘，不惟凌空挂斗，与帝座相同，而金碧辉煌，雕镂奇异，尤有过之者”，号称比皇宫还豪华。一个将死之人，应该不会做这些固定资产的长线投资。多尔衮一定相当自信，确信自己可以长久享用。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhNqWPibrY7TOGlZnUkLUQghFpyd5q8tD5huQnGQUOzZcAHcoPpib1boHA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 293px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhTrkjeKawf64T6Y8t9nmibdklIaNdXiaE4JNSoyk4PicCL3jUz4r7Bd6ibQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>其实，多尔衮身体一直不太好，比较瘦弱。据他自己的解释，是在松山大战时</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>“颇劳心焦思，亲自披坚执锐”落下的病根。清军入关后，又赶上“国家多事之时”，多尔衮“机务日繁，疲于裁应，头昏目胀，体中时复不快”。进北京之后，“水土不调，为疾颇剧，今差健胜，然亦未尽愈也”。入关之初，清廷许多人都壮年而死，有一种说法是关内气温高，水土不服，容易出天花。多尔衮的病叫作“风疾”，据说是类似中风的脑血管疾病，所以他一定要求免去跪拜之礼，以防头晕中风发作。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>既然如此</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>，一个病人怎么可能跑到雪地里打猎呢？</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>其实，</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>当时</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>满</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>人</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>有一个相当生猛的习俗，身体越是有病，或是心中越是不悦，就越要跑去打猎，不管天气如何。皇太极也</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>曾</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>在隆冬腊月的患病之时跑到今天吉林</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>一带</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>打猎，结果就是病情更加恶化了。顺治</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>帝则</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>一辈子基本有三分之一时间</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>都</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>在猎场南苑度过，其实他的身体状态也不是很好，只不过不轻易跟别人说。藏于中国第一历史档案馆的一份档案《皇父多尔衮外出围猎日记》记载，多尔衮此时也是</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>“身体欠安” “居家烦闷”，在家闲不住，于是在农历十一月的</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>寒冬</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>里一路北上，边走边打猎，想用犬马之乐来驱散身心的郁闷。要是考虑到古代史家</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>“为尊者讳”的春秋笔法，多尔衮这次的病情恐怕要比“身体欠安”还要严重。折腾了整整二十多天，多尔衮终于在距离北京八百多里的长城口外</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>的</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>喀喇城撑不住了，</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>“病重歇息”，不久去世。</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>当时有传教士猜测，多尔衮大概是打猎跌下马、重伤而死。考虑到他的身体状况，也有可能是马背颠簸、气温骤冷，导致突发脑血管病，眼前一黑，跌下了马鞍。虽然</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>多尔衮的死因</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>尚不能确定，但要是他不在冬天跑去塞外打猎，很可能不会这么快死去。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhf7UBcSpSB3a4gbxXHOtsAItbCE68t8n932ZxqDvIic0QboRmBwIPdsA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhvUkfQZGFVpqk0gLhUrVONrZgIJ3Ficn3hfp2cHNcuicK6rpr0vSSak4A/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section><span><p></p></span></section><p><span><br /></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>而无论如何，权倾朝野的多尔衮一死，原来的政治格局也就无法维持了。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><span>无子嗣继承</span></font></b></p><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><span>继承人培养受阻</span></font></b></p></section></section></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span>从朝局来看，多尔衮的最主要政治对手有两黄旗、前摄政王济尔哈朗和顺治皇帝。皇太极去世时，豪格与多尔衮竞争皇位。多尔衮虽然辈分上是豪格的叔辈，但他比豪格还小三岁，功劳又大。多尔衮所在的两白旗因此觊觎皇位，两黄旗则激烈反对，最终</span><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>6岁的福临继位。此后，多尔衮激烈打击两黄旗。如此，索尼、鳌拜等两黄旗大臣倒了大霉。</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>鳌拜坚持立皇太极的儿子福临为帝，</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>“初时保护皇上，六大臣一心尽忠，不惜身家、誓同生死”，哪怕是得罪多尔衮也在所不惜，好几次被革职。多尔衮在位时，扶植两白旗，压制两黄旗，而随着多尔衮的倒台，两黄旗自然要反攻倒算。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOh3euCKoXkricHpWDSbJKca1B3k2ghqTKAPYzk4ibu2WTmouAa5Cx76icgQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhibL60A2tjDEmKPOk9Z5M8deGfjzYBDCLUmteh7Dspt3BQk0Vbo6icPibw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>济尔哈朗是努尔哈赤的侄子，顺治</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>帝</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>即位后，他与多尔衮共同辅政，不久即遭多尔衮排挤。而顺治</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>帝</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>从小在多尔衮的阴影下成长，与多尔衮势力决裂只是时间问题。</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>多尔衮死后五天，北京获知消息，又过四天后灵柩到达北京。</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>12岁的顺治亲率百官到东直门外五里迎接，顺治帝跪拜三次，失声痛哭，不久发下诏书，开始国丧，并追封多尔衮为懋德修道广业定功安民立政诚敬义皇帝，庙号成宗，表面功夫做足。但实际上，多尔衮一死，顺治帝就派人去睿王府中将多尔衮的所有信符收缴。据说多尔衮死前曾与其兄阿济格密谈，于是随多尔衮灵车到京的阿济格刚一到达就被抓了起来。多尔衮的权力迅速被12岁的顺治帝夺取。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhsOVYzN9Mqx5Z1KfiaORTZaAocpwtagrxxx5EITRF8HmzZrTMibBt6SPQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhOQQJ5mdrxOoZ474Ao3eVQufDtiaXNZhkL3IDX3fl4I8xwZn09NrTziag/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>多尔衮膝下无子，六妻四妾也未诞下子嗣，致使他后继无人。他虽收养多铎之子多尔博，但这无法从根本上解决继承问题。多尔衮生前忙于政务、军事及个人享受，未重视继承人的培养和规划。即使想培养继承人，也因身体每况愈下、精力不济而难以实施。有一些消息表明，多尔衮死前不久添了一个儿子，生母是续娶的豪格福晋博尔济锦氏，但也有人认为这是豪格遗腹子，最终到了乾隆朝平反多尔衮，睿亲王爵也是由多尔博的后人继承。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><span>家族势力衰落</span></font></b></p><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><b><font face=\"宋体\"><span>政治遗产被清算</span></font></b></p></section></section></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>多尔衮去世后，其家族势力迅速衰落。狱中的阿济格一度想联络正白、正蓝旗依附自己，想继承多尔衮的势力，但遭到抵制，两旗报告了济尔哈朗，阿济格又添了新的罪名。很快，两黄旗的地位得到恢复，两红旗的满达海、瓦克达、杰书、罗可铎等获得升迁，多尔衮所在的两白旗愈发孤立。济尔哈朗还告发多尔衮的篡位：</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"楷体\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">背誓肆行，妄自尊大，自称皇父摄政王。凡批票本章，一以皇父摄政王行之。仪仗、音乐、侍从、府第，僣拟至尊。擅称太宗文皇帝序不当立，以挟制皇上。构陷威逼，使肃亲王不得其死，遂纳其妃，且收其财产。更悖理入生母于太庙。僣妄不可枚举。臣等从前畏威吞声，今冒死奏闻，伏原重加处治。</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"楷体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOh5CebPgNdzzkhicuDKFoIM6y4BSzfUsvv8hGv5HJTWibqjjt8B2PVPnjA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 253px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhAFQqDnWvvEbiavFbibydnVKjfCleOD1hYtXxL5BEjvumxtlbG4oSpONQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section><span><br /></span></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>导致多尔衮身后遭到清算。苏克萨哈原为多尔衮的亲信，是正白旗的大将。多尔衮死后，他迅速调转风向，状告多尔衮私备</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>“八补黄袍、大东珠、素珠、黑狐褂”，“阴谋篡逆”，受到孝庄皇后信任，成为两白旗势力的幸存者，还升任镶白旗护军统领。很快，顺治帝便正式宣布多尔衮的十四条罪状：</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">擅自劝进：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">皇太极驾崩时，多尔衮之弟豫郡王多铎唆调劝进，而非诸王、贝勒、大臣等共同议定立多尔衮为摄政王。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">专权擅政：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">多尔衮逐渐独揽大权，不让郑亲王济尔哈朗参与政事，并将自己的亲弟豫郡王多铎封为辅政叔王，违背共同辅政的誓言。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">妄自居功：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">将顺治帝继位以及皇太极时期诸王大臣官兵的功绩全部据为己有。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">僭越礼制：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">所用仪仗、音乐及侍从等均与皇帝无异，且建造的府第规模宏大，与宫阙相似，严重违反礼制。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">挥霍无度：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">随意浪费府库财物，擅自使用织造缎匹、库贮银两珍宝，数量巨大，不知节俭。</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">抢夺人口：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">将顺治帝侍臣伊尔登、陈泰等族人丁等尽收归自己旗下。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">诋毁皇太极即位：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">谎称皇太极之即位原系夺立，以此挟制中外，破坏皇太极的名誉和权威。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">逼死肃亲王：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">构陷威逼豪格，致其不得善终，并纳其妃，侵占其财产，手段残忍。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">贪得无厌：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">将官兵户口财产等项据为己有，不行归公，贪婪自私。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">拉拢侍臣：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">企图使皇上侍臣额尔克戴青归己，封吴拜等人为侯爵，后因戴青不从而罢侯封；又派罗什以美言诱皇上侍臣席讷布库，企图使其党附，破坏皇上的统治基础。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">擅权独断：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">凡政事及批票本章等，不奉皇上之命，概称诏旨，擅自作威作福，任意黜陟官员，违背君主专制体制。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">阻止王公入朝：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">不允许诸王、贝勒、贝子、公等入朝办事，令其在自己府前等候，将朝廷视为己有，严重侵犯皇上权威和朝廷秩序。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">私制帝服：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">私自制作皇帝服饰，藏匿御用珠宝，有谋逆之心，试图在服饰上与皇帝等同，严重挑衅皇权。</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">密谋移驻：</span></span><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">曾与人密谋，欲带两旗移驻永平府，企图控制军事要地，以实现其不可告人的政治野心。</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>最终，追夺多尔衮一切封典，毁墓掘尸，多尔衮之兄阿济格被幽禁，家族人口、牲畜被没官。多尔衮死后两个月，家族地位一落千丈。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhqOvVLI4dqMMaFZSaQbMEO9NX9wOLmSLhUccUNXZRBkuCHw2jppxsUA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 159px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhYzzUHlBNacXVQVPCm4gadyxe6G6vpbzYrRYwJibWlqmAvLD9Zs6ClvQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>对多尔衮势力的清算持续到了康熙朝。康熙五年<span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">1666）</span>，鳌拜执意更换旗地，用镶黄旗的土地置换正白旗的土地。正白旗的庄地是多尔衮时期圈占的冀东平原的肥地，而镶黄旗的土地很多在山区和盐碱区，鳌拜此举等于把顺治朝的旧账又翻了出来，把这些土地上的旗人和汉人农民都折腾得不轻。正白旗的苏克萨哈当然阻挠，大学士、户部尚书苏纳海、直隶山东河南三省总督朱昌祚等官员也反对。苏纳海就是正白旗人，朱昌祚是汉军镶白旗，鳌拜恼羞成怒，看到两白旗势力还敢反抗，利用职权将反对官员全部下狱议罪。当年告发多尔衮的苏克萨哈如今心灰意冷，不久“奏乞守先帝陵寝，庶得保全余生”——对政治斗争“躺平”了，想去给先帝看坟头，结果鳌拜不依不饶，罗织罪名：</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">“以大逆论，与其长子内大臣查克旦皆磔死；余子六人、孙一人、兄弟子二人皆处斩，籍没；族人前锋统领白尔赫图、侍卫额尔德皆斩。”</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhFgjrWOqIicfP1xLSvTgBNvC6FKdV6cOmF80e95GuIu5ADPgY21FdoGA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7D1VibTzqvcUNiaqhTEAVHOhjP9rtQP9zOYtDqvkibqia69XDWa9OCfUkJ2qORweSgrtUCqAL6cI3AHw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>想要灭苏克萨哈满门。少年康熙帝不准，鳌拜</span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>“攘臂上前，强奏累日”，最终苏克萨哈被判处绞刑，其余人全部被害。鳌拜受到多尔衮多年持续打击，对两白旗充满怨恨，宁可忤逆少年康熙帝也要对两白旗斩尽杀绝，但这一介武夫没有意识到，他已经活成了多尔衮的样子，全清廷都知道鳌拜能让皇上低头，苏克萨哈倒台了，鳌拜的政治末日也就不远了，此时距离鳌拜下狱也就只差一年多时间而已。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span>迟至百余年后的乾隆四十三年<span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">（</span></span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">1778）</span>，年逾花甲的乾隆帝发布上谕，正式平反多尔衮，下令“追谥曰忠，补入玉牒，并令补继袭封，照亲王园寝制度修其茔墓”，并令国史馆修正其传记。</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: bold;\">参考文献：</span></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: normal;\">[1] 《清实录</span></span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: normal;\">·大清世祖章皇帝实录》</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: normal;\">[2] 周远廉、赵世瑜：《</span></span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: normal;\">清摄政王：多尔衮全传</span></span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: normal;\">》，陕西人民出版社</span></span></font><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-weight: normal;\">2008年版</span></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"仿宋\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">*</span>本文系“国家</span></font><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">人文历史”独家稿件，欢迎读者转发朋友圈。</span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><br /></span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><br /></span></p><section><section><section><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4s6XTkV1zgY7Ndw3fVeyGpxIIj30oUzpUnwIcafcXhx66GztUhxGc2FM8I09uwLbMwUFOQfZVGcg/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></section></section></section><section><span><span>END</span></span></section><section><span><span>作者 | 周天一</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>编辑 | 胡心雅</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>主编 | 周斌</span></span></section><section><span><span>排版 | 曲晨溪（实习）</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></section><section><span><span>校对 | 古月</span></span></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><span><span><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK6o0DTLAcjHUob1LlCbkiaCGeUicmbUPjIKiciad7l2ytYjz3bGBzNyAUu0aicCb4oWXbicQBJA96lk9Tug/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></span></span></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><strong><span><br /></span></strong></section><section><strong><span>国历好物</span></strong></section><section><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK50l871IgvMuCSibrmOibSxicuB2xBPs1uQ2ZspQytHr1P0K7rUaKzSAg2CRzMr8ibAYhs2mSk7cLvZpQ/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></section><p><span><strong><span><span>进击的士族</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>旁落的皇权</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>跨越五百年的权力对抗史</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>国民历史读物《国家人文历史》专业团队</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>最新力作</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span><span>展现士族潮起潮落的史诗级历史画卷</span></span></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p><span><br /></span></p><section label=\"edit by 135editor\"><section><section><section><section><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK50l871IgvMuCSibrmOibSxicuassfQWcfhotQqH5lYBRPtichLu7A0vIGovAB5sRkicvnkQnT342127lA/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></section><section><section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section></section><section><section><strong><span>点击下方封面，即可购买</span></strong></section><section><span><br /></span></section></section><section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section><section><section><span><br /></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span><strong><span><span>↓↓↓</span></span></strong></span></p><p><a class=\"weapp_image_link js_weapp_entry\"><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK5sbRbqWpNPCUYibIYbC7RFRAHn32PAWbKDIM6A4MkicYHOWIR0Hy6iamToAdrvvPDeu5T15EKXjC1Fg/640?wx_fmt=png\" /></a><span><br /></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><h2 src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPQbfYUk2lKRJbtAXIuZ0kjicBeKbKicn7picTvdbH5bfuaoiazGOfbm8kw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558\"><section><section><section><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPPS2Tl0L42giakAlUSsWM2hKsLfDwrNFcLNgFaxPhQng3E9mCRE3tkg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558px\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651035606&idx=1&sn=95e5b910a9c15c3b861b33b6a6da3866&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcaIgQkEibvERBOGAaoicFhgsfmibxDTGK2z3uLHbhcvWGEYibV0hom5VW8CA/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span></a></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651035897&idx=1&sn=befda0705325843f84da3911012cad95&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcamtwvyMNyxgGfdgqCCu9GkBZl21VfOcYfkJRh5E0ArHl4UUBtbSzwRQ/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span></a></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><span><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7iaxaicJuUPlzYlI45OCsXcaohkRZ9cGSGGPakn9lRTzm4qIA3pNHn3EVXrsicT3De6T2ib5Slw6GsRQ/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></span><span><br /></span></span></section></section></section></h2></section></section></section><section><span><section><h2 src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5DrcJEwiatFLAOuvLJJ52DPPQbfYUk2lKRJbtAXIuZ0kjicBeKbKicn7picTvdbH5bfuaoiazGOfbm8kw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" width=\"558\"><span><img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages __bg_gif wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJ0nGCQhDMIIg0L5icbmcctmcTvsgM0HwBpkXTF9ztE2MsQ8Tso0exnicA/640?wx_fmt=gif\" /></span></h2><section><span><span>“</span><strong><span>在看</span></strong><span>”的永远18岁~</span></span></section></section></span></section><section><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><section><section style=\"padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em; display: flex;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;\"></span></section></section></section></span></section><p style=\"display: none;\"></p></div>\n \n\n \n <br />\n\n \n <a class=\"media_tool_meta meta_primary\" href=\"http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&mid=2651041994&idx=1&sn=892ef73e986d6316dbf70f2dc1724cc3&chksm=bc5488996ff57125b313704cf004064a26987617235dd3e33c06a265bfd0903eb57fcee0e5f1&scene=0#rd\" style=\"color: blue;\" target=\"_blank\">文章原文</a>\n <br />\n \n\n \n\n <img alt=\"\" class=\"\" height=\"1px\" src=\"http://www.jintiankansha.me/rss_static/13443/Go8Yw6zWpr\" style=\"width: 1px; height: 1px; display: none;\" width=\"1px\" /></div></div>",
|
||
"category": "",
|
||
"link": "http://weixin.sogou.com/weixin?type=2&query=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2+%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%E8%A1%AE%E6%AD%BB%E5%90%8E%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%E5%8A%BF%E5%8A%9B%E4%B8%80%E5%A4%9C%E5%B4%A9%E5%A1%8C%EF%BC%8C%E7%9C%9F%E7%9A%84%E6%98%AF%E5%9B%A0%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%96%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89%E5%84%BF%E5%AD%90%E5%90%97%EF%BC%9F",
|
||
"creator": "",
|
||
"pubDate": "Wed, 02 Jul 2025 20:21:00 +0800",
|
||
"enclosure": "",
|
||
"enclosureType": "",
|
||
"image": "",
|
||
"id": "",
|
||
"language": "",
|
||
"folder": "人文历史",
|
||
"feed": "国家人文历史",
|
||
"read": false,
|
||
"favorite": false,
|
||
"created": false,
|
||
"tags": [],
|
||
"hash": "6b7facf2584a4447bfa7de531cf7c137",
|
||
"highlights": []
|
||
}
|
||
],
|
||
"folder": "人文历史",
|
||
"name": "国家人文历史",
|
||
"language": "",
|
||
"hash": "706f438f115d449a5ce50d98d8dcbf5d"
|
||
}
|
||
],
|
||
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm:SS",
|
||
"template": "---\nlink: {{link}}\nauthor: {{author}}\npublished: {{published}}\ntags: [{{tags:,}}]\n---\n# Highlights\n{{highlights}}\n\n---\n# {{title}}\n{{content}}",
|
||
"pasteTemplate": "## {{title}}\n{{content}}",
|
||
"askForFilename": true,
|
||
"defaultFilename": "{{title}}",
|
||
"autoSync": false,
|
||
"hotkeys": {
|
||
"create": "n",
|
||
"paste": "v",
|
||
"copy": "c",
|
||
"favorite": "f",
|
||
"read": "r",
|
||
"tags": "t",
|
||
"open": "o",
|
||
"tts": "s",
|
||
"previous": "ArrowLeft",
|
||
"next": "ArrowRight"
|
||
},
|
||
"folded": [
|
||
"人文历史",
|
||
"少数派",
|
||
"老郭种树",
|
||
"IT",
|
||
"rss-filters"
|
||
],
|
||
"renamedText": {
|
||
"filtered_folders": "",
|
||
"folders": "",
|
||
"no_folder": ""
|
||
},
|
||
"displayMedia": true
|
||
} |