![\"【更新】Ditto](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Screen-20250820115609@2x.avif\" "\\"【更新】Ditto")
2025年8月20日更新：来自 善用佳软 的消息，在与 Ditto 开发者沟通之后，得知是个乌龙：
\n\n\n\nDitto 开发者在发布代码后，由于自己的 GitHub 账号出现问题，导致被删除（整个账号），目前正在联系客服解决中。
\n\n\n\n以下内容为2025年8月19日：
\n\n\n\nDitto 是著名的 Windows 开源剪贴板工具，被很多人推荐。两个小时以前（2025年8月19日），来自小众软件的 1113 同学发帖：Ditto删库了？并提问：刚上 github 发现 notification 有一个未读，是 ditto 的，然后发现居然库没了？啥情况？
\n\n\n\n![\"【更新】Ditto](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-08-19T162504.656.jpg\" "\\"【更新】Ditto")
Ditto 是一款跨平台、开源且免费的剪贴板增强工具，它可以自动保存你复制的所有内容（包括文本、图片、HTML等多种格式），并且支持快捷键快速调用历史剪贴内容。简单易用，备受推崇。
\n\n\n\nDitto 从2004年发布至今，已经有21年的历史了，其官网和 GitHub 显示最近一个版本是 2023年4月15日发布的 3.24.246.0。
\n\n\n\n目前，Ditto 管网可以正常访问：
\n\n\n\n![\"【更新】Ditto](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Screen-20250819155412@2x.avif\" "\\"【更新】Ditto")
不过其托管在 GitHub 的源代码已经看不到了，是这个开发者账号整个不见了，不止 Ditto 项目：
\n\n\n\n![\"【更新】Ditto](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Screen-20250819155709@2x.avif\" "\\"【更新】Ditto")
青小蛙也没有从其官网找到社交媒体的链接，搜索了一圈也不知道发生了什么。
\n\n\n\n但是，在 Windows 软件包管理器 chocolatey 中显示，Ditto 最新版本是今天（2025年8月19日）发布的 Ditto v3.25.73 版本，并且只有 24 次下载：
\n\n\n\n![\"【更新】Ditto](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Screen-20250819160651@2x.avif\" "\\"【更新】Ditto")
Ditto 的包总计有 36万次下载，原开发者 sabrogden 也在维护者列表中。
\n\n\n\n所以，这是薛定谔的删库？
\n\n\n\n有没有知情的同学透漏下发生了什么？
\n\n\n\n原文：https://www.appinn.com/ditto-delete-github-code/
\n约时间助理是一款微信小程序，活动组织者只需要在微信群中转发自己创建的活动，就能快速选出大家共同的空闲时间。@Appinn
\n\n\n\n![\"约时间助理](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-08-16T155309.845.jpg\" "\\"约时间助理")
来自发现频道，开发者 @tupulin 自荐：https://meta.appinn.net/t/topic/73038
\n\n\n\n约时间助理是一个时间协调工具，能快速统计多人空闲时间，选出最佳活动时间。
\n\n\n\n一个活动在组织的时候，确定一个大家都有空的时间往往是最麻烦的一步。人数较少时还可以靠微信沟通来解决；一旦人数大于 10，靠记忆来挑选活动时间就不合适了。
\n\n\n\n约时间助理允许活动组织者框定一个 活动可以发生的范围 和 结果精度（日期 或 时间段），随后将活动卡片分享到微信群里进行信息搜集。系统会根据搜集的信息生成结果：一个人数从多到少的时间段排行；一个可视化的日历或时间表。
\n\n\n\n在校期间 When2Meet 能很好地解决上述需求。但随着接触人群变广，其易用性并不是所有人都能够接受。于是我基于最适合此类场景的平台——微信小程序，做了一款功能类似，但更加本地化的小程序。即点即用、无需登录，还添加了更多的权限控制。
\n\n\n\n青小蛙用这个小程序测试了一下虚拟爬山，挑选了未来两周的周末：：
\n\n\n\n![\"约时间助理](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Screen-20250816160457@2x.avif\" "\\"约时间助理")
实际上就是观察一大群人，哪天最合适的意思：
\n\n\n\n![\"约时间助理](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Screen-20250816161334@2x.avif\" "\\"约时间助理")
从结果来看，17号与23号能参与的人数最多，那么把活动计划刀这两天，就会得到最大的响应…吧。
\n\n\n\n不过毕竟就是点一点，人家随便点的也不一定呢 ![\"🐶\"](\"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/16.0.1/72x72/1f436.png\")
而好久没出现的 @VIctoryRoad 同学说：很不错的小程序，之前当社团负责人的时候就一直希望找一个这种软件。
\n\n\n\n这就是精确到具体时段功能了：
\n\n\n\n![\"约时间助理](\"https://h1.appinn.me/file/1752136660020_%E6%9C%AA%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1.png\" "\\"约时间助理")
但是，青小蛙觉得啊…
\n\n\n\n群里喊一嗓子会不会效果更佳？
\n\n\n\n可以直接从微信搜索：约时间助理 进入。
\n\n\n\n原文：https://www.appinn.com/yueshijian-assistant/
\nSyncthing 是一款跨平台的开源文件同步工具，可以在两台或多台计算机之间实时同步文件。在经历了25个RC版本之后，正式发布了 Syncthing 2 的第一个版本，并提到：这是新2.0系列的首次发布，可能还存在一些不足，敬请包容，并保持探索的心态！![\"🙏\"](\"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/16.0.1/72x72/1f64f.png\")
![\"Syncthing](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-08-13T123311.716.jpg\" "\\"Syncthing")
Syncthing 2 的主要变化为数据库后端从 LevelDB 切换到 SQLite。并且确认 Syncthing 1.x 版本很快将被 Syncthing 2.x 版本取代，版本 2 带来了新的数据库格式和各种清理功能，但协议仍然与 Syncthing 1 兼容。
\n\n\n\nSyncthing 2 目前官方提供 Windows、macOS、Linux 客户端进行同步，有一个第三方的安卓客户端，无官方客户端。iOS 无客户端。
\n\n\n\n青小蛙也一直在用，但还没敢升级，等等再说。
\n\n\n\n原文：https://www.appinn.com/syncthing2/
\n\n\n\n爱发电：https://afdian.com/a/qingxwa （打赏我们，让我们更好的创作）
\n![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJxdXiby5XB2BE6S0ulr9Fs213uZ85nlxAalcgRcLFiaSVdOVlrtCZRibIw/640?wx_fmt=gif\")
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK5tkMtGyC0QvI9hRpfJRQnWdnVBX6rxY4PpaBs8sMXMK9SIIO5t0ZIVKUuAv570dfliaaiccZPPvlYA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
我们读范仲淹“浊酒一杯家万里，燕然未勒归无计”，感受其戍边艰辛；看《杨家将》浴血抗辽、狄青征讨西夏，知其惨烈。但支撑前线“金戈铁马”的巨额军费从何而来？答案之一，竟藏在北宋皇家养象所的“门票”里！
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5tkMtGyC0QvI9hRpfJRQnWtb4qRgyFbT3dib3ibib074bupXd5dmiatIwNIUDyArObEbPplXwe287Mww/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\")
当市民花几个铜板，争相围观东南亚进贡的珍稀大象表演跪拜、吼叫、驮人时，门票收入正涓涓流入国库。这些本该只在皇家典礼上露脸的“祥瑞”，被逼转型“卖艺”，成了特殊的“筹款大使”。
一边是边疆烽火与财政重压，一边是皇家动物园里的萌兽“营业”，北宋朝廷在困局中展现的务实与灵活，尽显于此。
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK5tkMtGyC0QvI9hRpfJRQnW6Jf77wXaKloLIRKmPGmOVv0rTicIW9uibuibYFUfGHjqT9qYgBuJPiaE1Q/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
仪仗以外的“副业”
御象的商业化表演
北宋皇家仪仗队中，来自东南亚的巨象可以说是皇家威严的象征。这些由占城、真腊等东南亚国家进贡的“祥瑞”大象，专司重大典礼仪仗。在宋朝隆重的典礼——南郊祭天大礼上，驯象的地位十分突出，戏分较重。在北宋熙宁六年（1073）的郊祀之前，宋神宗专门诏颁《南郊教象仪制》：
“所用转光旗十五，铜沙罗一，鼓十，乘骑人七，簇引旗鼓人三十一。排引日，选驯象六，在六引之前，行中道，分左右，各备鞍、莲花座、紫罗绣鞔、蕉盘、钤铎、杏叶络头。一人骑，四人簇引，并花脚乌巾、乘徘绝青樱桃锦络缝四衣，涂金双鹿带。一内侍押象，绣衣执挝。”
仪仗中有六象，另备用一象，称“副象”。围绕六象的有旗帜、锣鼓器乐，每象一人骑乘，四人在前引导，另有宦官一人穿绣衣执兵械担任主管。辽宁博物馆藏“北宋卤簿钟”上，即有驯象仪仗的图像。这意味着，作为仪仗的驯象队伍，本身还有一套仪仗，其中仅人员至少就有三十九人。而且单独制定、皇帝亲自颁布《南郊教象仪制》，其在典礼中的作用之大、地位之高可想而知。类似情况为后代继承，一直延续到清朝。
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK5tkMtGyC0QvI9hRpfJRQnW7Q5oq4Ns5DlZznR5lrRaiciaLQAWgsIz7gQMVF6cBGhHTJbRyHsiarHnA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK6mtsMFNaibBsvGrxyeL72mpFrFKlCPfziaRuNPoiaIWia2hQIspRHnSyibDg4ibJggLYpUZibrCuKqjsVrw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
但御象在担任皇家仪仗队的职责以外，其实也进行专门的娱乐表演，甚至收取相应的门票收入。北宋熙宁五年（1072）十月七日，一位名叫成寻的日本僧人，路过应天府养象所时，观看驯象表演，载入日记：
到象厩。一屋有三头象，东一屋有四头象。先见三头象，有饲象人教象，有外国僧等来见，可拜。第一象屈后二足，垂头拜踞。次教可称诺由，即出气、出声。高一丈二尺许，长一丈六尺许，鼻长六尺许，牙长七尺，曲向上，以鼻卷取刍食之。象师与钱五十文了。望第二象所，象师又乞钱，五文与了。拜诺同前，高一丈，长一丈三尺，有牙。次至第三象所，高长同第一象，拜诺同前，与钱同前。三象皆男象也。至四头屋，第一象高长同前，第一象拜诺、与钱同前，女象也。有左牙，一尺五寸许，右无牙。第二象无女象牙，拜诺、与钱如前。第三象，牡象也。高一丈三尺，长一丈七尺许，屈四足拜诺，声极高，人人大惊，三声出之，与钱同前。第四象，牡象也。与钱五文。后象师从牙登顶上，举牙，令登人，是希有事也。高一丈四尺许，长一丈八尺许，屈后二足，拜诺同前。皆黑象也。后二足付绳系也。
这七头驯象，日常为游客表演跪拜、唱喏、象牙载人等节目，均为有偿演出。成寻一行总共付费七次，大概是入场费五十文，每表演一次再交五文，凡六次三十文，共八十文钱。朝廷养象所显然又是皇家动物园和马戏团，毕竟充当仪仗的时间有限，有条件在大部分业余时间内通过表演赚钱。而且，这些大象是按照性别分屋饲养，例如“三头屋”为雄象、“四头屋”含雌象，可以看出宋人对大象的科学管理。
这种让尊贵的皇家仪仗象“屈尊”卖艺的做法，背后是北宋王朝沉重的财政包袱——“三冗”（冗兵、冗官、冗费）。庞大的军费、高昂的官俸、沉重的岁币，让国库常年吃紧。同时，传统的田赋、专卖收入捉襟见肘，朝廷必须绞尽脑汁开源。
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK5tkMtGyC0QvI9hRpfJRQnWhibtib5VliccqdHDDSQ1yelSkt9zBBiaUsnnIzEySIxjkpp2G5tJJdGMWA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK6mtsMFNaibBsvGrxyeL72mpXzMy1tiahVibccedFqPRbnL4uBvdnKA25L8sqtznjaTTyq3y8yhtHUXw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
这种将皇家象征转化为商业资源的做法，可以说是北宋朝廷在财政压力下的一种尝试。随着疆域收缩和战事频发，传统的赋税收入难以填补军费窟窿，统治者不得不将目光投向皇家资产的“闲置价值”。养象所的日常开销本就由国库承担，而让大象在非仪仗时段进行表演，既能增加收入以补贴财政，又能让这些珍稀动物发挥额外作用，可谓一举两得。这种“以象创收”的模式，在当时或许面临着一些关于皇家体面的争议，但从实际效果来看，确为朝廷开辟了一条新的财源，也让普通市民有机会近距离接触到原本遥不可及的皇家“祥瑞”，在一定程度上拉近了皇家与民间的距离。而这种务实的经济思维，也为后来南宋时期皇家园林等资源的商业化利用提供了早期的借鉴。
动物园创收
玉津园与公共开放的财政潜力
宋人，除了可以在应天府养象所看到贡象的娱乐表演外，还可以在“动物园”定期参观它们以及其他奇珍异兽。以东京玉津园为例，作为著名的动物园，东京玉津园饲养着犀牛、孔雀、驯象等动物。据《玉海》载：
“（北宋）乾德五年八月，有象自岭南来，至都城外获之。其后吴越、广南、交州继献驯象四十五头，于南熏门外玉津园东北置养象所，作驯象旗。”
乾德五年（967），一头野生象从岭南北迁至北宋都城开封，被官方捕获。吴越、广南、交州等南方政权为示臣服，接连进贡45头驯象，显示北宋对南方的政治影响力。朝廷在南薰门外的玉津园东北处设立了养象所，并创制了用于仪仗的旗帜“驯象旗”。
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK5tkMtGyC0QvI9hRpfJRQnWuj9ZQicE5MFp3fd0ibHichWA11AdHCwFL9GJAnOXD99xRLLu5kAfEf44g/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK6mtsMFNaibBsvGrxyeL72mpv2IVrvWBicjGYoer6aDSxuOOicbvaYkgmibOcGyyTAj5Qx1uQuS857NxA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
北宋大中祥符五年（1012），宋真宗正式下诏：
“诏诸国狮子、驯象、奇兽列于外苑，谕群臣就苑中游宴。”
玉津园就变成了汇集诸国狮子、大象、灵犀等海外奇兽的皇家宠物乐园。而且每年三四月份，玉津园还对所有人开放，洪迈《夷坚志》写道：
“大观中，宿州士人钱君兄弟游上庠。方春月，待试，因休暇出游玉津园。”
钱君兄弟还在待试，暂无功名在身，此时应当是一般的市民身份，可见宋代平民也可以到玉津园内观赏这些奇珍异兽，这些大象、狮子就成了大宋百姓也可以参观的“宠物”，与此同时，玉津园也从皇家兽苑转向公共空间。
如果只是说到饲养各种奇珍动物的皇家园林，实际上可以追溯到商朝，商纣建造的沙丘苑台、周文王修建的灵囿等园林。但是，宋代“玉津园”有别于前者的一点，则是前面提到的，它在每年三四月份会对所有人开放，其中体现的“公共性”与我们现在所提到的“动物园”更有相似之处，在某种意义上，宋代“玉津园”已经具备现代动物园的雏形。
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK5tkMtGyC0QvI9hRpfJRQnWupC4GYUHxZiaQHG89HVS4XzaDlfLoYdiaRQxA9oxfDN3IYAvyfKdKeaw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK6mtsMFNaibBsvGrxyeL72mp3LYbkSPtsueSQKtK7B0iaR1sVworsl3pmbFWuv5mwVod1OnbKgJkliag/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
其实，包括“玉津园”在内的宋代园林，无论是皇家园林还是私人园林，都有对市民开放的传统，这使得宋代园林从某种程度上成了宋代市民的“公园”。每年三月，春暖花开时节，各个私家园林打开院门迎接往来市民游玩，史料记载，司马光的独乐园是时人春游必到之处，看园的园丁曾将收得门票钱数千交予司马光，司马光坚辞不受。除了私家园林，每年皇家园林也会开园供市民游玩，如金明池、琼林苑、玉津园等。据《东京梦华录》卷七记载：
“三月一日，州西顺天门外开金明池、球林苑，每日教习车驾上池仪范，虽禁从，士庶许纵赏，御史台有榜不得弹劾。”
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK5tkMtGyC0QvI9hRpfJRQnWnyBP4vywtpCUiaZaicibT3IFMIKIEP2p4xzO3hPEGfzfVYbO5kLyRwlPQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK6mtsMFNaibBsvGrxyeL72mp78C40S20yyJZNkmQUOTqqibvWKctCwM5O4IyEFmmKhUYcYOjjJHFZMA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
虽然史料中未明确记载玉津园收取门票的具体数额，但从私家园林如独乐园园丁能收得数千门票钱来看，皇家园林凭借其珍稀的动物资源和独特的皇家背景，在开放期间所产生的经济效益应该不容小觑。市民入园观赏奇珍异兽，除了可能直接支付的“入园费”，园内或许还存在售卖饮食、玩具等周边商品的摊位，这些收入也能为朝廷带来额外的财政补充。例如南宋临安预演象仪时：
“又命象院教前导朱旗，以二金三鼓为节，各有幞头紫衣蛮奴乘之，手执短钁，旋转跪起，悉如人意。” ——《武林旧事》
“御街观者如堵。市井扑卖土木粉捏妆彩小象儿，并纸画者，外郡人市去，为土宜遗送。” ——《梦粱录》
两地的商人们利用这个商机，开发销售彩塑小象或驯象图画，作为都城的特产被外地游客买走，当作礼品馈送亲友。
这种将皇家禁地适度向公众开放并从中获取收益的方式，打破了以往皇家资源的封闭性，属于北宋朝廷有别于前朝的一种创新尝试。这种做法与御象的商业化表演一脉相承，都是在财政重压下，对皇家资源进行商业化开发的具体体现，共同构成了北宋朝廷独特的“经济智慧”。
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK5tkMtGyC0QvI9hRpfJRQnW19dicNyrZ0XGMjiaFTwhcshGZGoxJFu5DeDbicFytq4hibxJPS1NmKibibgA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
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参考资料：
《宋史》
《宋会要辑稿》
袁一堂：《论北宋中期的财政危机》，《史学月刊》，1990年第3期。
菅明军：《北宋中期的财政危机及其振兴之道》，《中州今古》，1994年第1期。
王德利：《宋代的玉津园》，《黄河科技大学学报》，2012年第5期。
王风扬：《宋人动物饲养与休闲生活》，华东师范大学硕士学位论文，2014年4月25日。
程民生：《宋代大象的自然与社会生态》，《中原文化研究》，2021年5月14日。
*本文系“国家人文历史”独家稿件，欢迎读者转发朋友圈。
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进击的士族
旁落的皇权
跨越五百年的权力对抗史
国民历史读物《国家人文历史》专业团队
最新力作
展现士族潮起潮落的史诗级历史画卷
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↓↓↓
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几乎所有的回答都有一个默认的前提：语言早于文字。
\n这怎么可能不对呢？
\n难道不是先有说话，才可能有记录说话的需求？
\n我们总在线性思维中整理着自己的过去：
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-0f3e67c52adca162296eecd0bcff17b0_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
这个东西叫做“人工搬运物”。\n
什么意思？就是说这个像人脸的“石头”，并不是人类雕刻出来的人工产物。
而是很可能早到南方古猿时代，类人猿从自然界中间寻找到的自身形象的觉察物。
这个东西的发现对语言学具有颠覆价值的原因是，它很可能解释了表意文字完全不同于表音文字的“演化历程”。
早在现代智人还没有形成之前，“人工搬运物”作为人类对自身的觉察就已经开始以一种“符号提取”的方式出现在自然物的有意识的选择，而不是制造之中。
这一发现，甚至会撼动人类工具演化的诸多理论。
比如，我们完全可以设想，最早期的工具演化就是一种“人工搬运”。
我们把“尖锐”、“锋利”、“结实”等诸多概念从自然物中“搬运”入自己的工具集里。
因此所有的人类创造，首先必须能够提取“意义”，随后才能制造工具。
这就是表意文字的恐怖之处。
它根本不是语言的“记录”，甚至更合理的猜测是，它反而是语言的缔造者。
——易经的科学原理是什么？
当我们说文字和语言的线性关系的时候，我们其实就已经掉入了题主和大部分答主的前置设定之中。
\n那就是文字和语言的进化是严格的语言线性的先行的。
\n但我认为语言人类学的很多发现并不支持这种看起来绝对正确的思维。
\n就像大卫.格雷伯清晰的证明了，早期人类社会，不存在一个广泛存在的以物易物的交换系统。
\n丹尼尔.L.埃弗雷特在《语言的诞生》中，也清晰的证明了文字和认知—意识之间的演化关系。
\n也就是说，文字作为一种符号实践，其诞生的演化需求，很可能要远远早于语言。
\n我们之所以觉得语言必定早于文字，无非是因为我们把表音文字的语言转化效用，当成了语言的本质，同时也把文字和认知之间的关系，当成了一种绝对教条的——因果关系。
\n我们下意识的认为，一定必须先有语言作为一种对认知的“显现”，随后才需要文字对这种显现记录。
\n随后我们认为在动物日常中间的，基于发音的“信息交流”就是语言的母体：
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-8b287148fccc9e7f76b4d46595ce6dd1_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
但如果我们仔细审查这个信息和语言关系的图标，你会发现信息的交流结构中不存在语言的效用：
\n这是《认知语用学》里的一副插图，将人类的交际行为和动物的交际行为做了一个对比，我们可以看到“信息提取”——也就是分辨事物——并不是人和动物在交际上的主要区别。同样交际——也就是信息交流——原则上也无需语言的参与。前两种能力的唯一区别是意向性，我们可以简略的把它理解成为是否具有目的性，毕竟当一只狮子在草原上溜达，无意中发现了一只羚羊，并不需要有意为之，不管它是否饥饿，羚羊的形象都会自然的通过狮子发现的线索，出现在它的心灵里，而如果这个发现触发了捕猎，羚羊就成了一个目标，狮子必须跟随这个目标不停的调整自己的行为，如果是合作狩猎，它还需要呼叫同伴，让其和自己拥有共同的目标，围绕目标的一系列的目的性行为，就可以被看作是有意向的。\n
图例上进一步表示，前两种互动虽然有意向性上的区别，但都是非象征性的，只有人类的交际行为，那种运用语言的交流，才能称之为象征性的。
——第十节：象征之眼
意向性——表达为对象性陈述为象征性，其实就是对意识的描述。
\n所以，严格来说创造工具并不会需要意识，只有有目的，有意象的从物中提取工具的符号形象，才能称之为有意识：
\n【……伯施和伯施.阿克曼（Boesch and Boesch Achermann，1991）通过对象牙海岸雨林中的野生大猩猩的观察发现，为了让小猩猩学会如何敲碎坚果，猩猩母亲用类似锤子的工具现场展示。事实上，猩猩母亲不仅给小猩猩提供锤子，而且向它演示如何使用锤子、坚果怎么放等细节。……】\n
这段话摘抄自布鲁诺.G.巴拉的《认知语用学：交际的心智过程》，猩猩母亲掌握了使用工具的能力，考虑到它已经能够从自然物中分离出“锤子”，不得不说大猩猩拥有了某种非常原始的意象。可当它们没有语言的时候，这些意象并不能像概念那样被精确掌握，并用来解释“锤子”的功用。它们传达这些能力的唯一方式就是直观的演示，一遍一遍的，猩猩母亲不停的重复着使用工具的体验，希望孩子在一旁的观察中，能够从它自己的体验里分辨出“锤子”与其他石头的区别（界限），以及作为一个工具的意义。依赖生命体验的实践虽然让大猩猩掌握了某些也许可以称为概念前身的模糊意象，但作为一个没有语言的生灵，它是无法孤立于自己的行为，而将自己的体验传达给其他同类的。
——同上
而表意文字的整个演化过程，几乎就是人类认知→意识的产生过程。
\n也就是说仅仅从语音的信息交流出发，用一种教条的线性进步的逻辑，声称语言中的“意向性陈述”来自于原始的，动物也存在的，语音的信息交流的需求，是极端不合理的。
\n这也是为什么即便在香农的信息建模中，我们也照样看不到语义存在的原因：
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-2df167a5bc078b7de72f27cd33fccc89_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
香农的通信管道隐喻，只能为信息的明确性负责，而根本无法为语义的明确性负责。\n
毕竟，信息学关心的不是“这句话传达了什么？”，而是“这句话传达了吗？”。
一组编码的可辨别性，和一组编码的“意义”是根本不可能通约的。
主流的认知科学，解决这个问题的方法，是拒绝面对它。
比如乔姆斯基的“UG”，在一种算法逻辑下，关心所谓的“亚人符号”其实说白了，就是想要在自己的语言学理论里，拒绝“语义”这个概念。
本质上，他希望“功能主义”的所谓副现象在这里发挥作用。
也就是说，语言不过是某种类似于“基因编码”的规律性运动，这个规律性运动是一切语言行为的“发动机”；而所谓的语义，不过是这个语言行为的——副现象——也就是发动机的轰鸣声。
在这样的意义上，主流的，遵从于 UG 路径的语言学家们，其实根本不在乎“语义”这么个东西。
这种心态和传统认知心理学根本不在乎“意识”，而只在乎“智能”是一个道理。
在大多数认知学家的视域里，“意识”是一个语义欠明的——缀词。
所以，在主流语言学中，过度的，甚至冗余的对数学的依赖，其实只不过是不停的尝试将语言学转化为一种信息学的趋势罢了。
——被发明的认知：作为文化迁移的语言演化
这就是为什么我认为表意文字在认知演化上的效用，要远远大于表音文字的原因。
\n也就是说，表意符号的实践操作，以百万年为单位，很可能横跨了早期古人种的整个演化历程。
\n也因此表意符号演化为表意文字很可能是所有语音最终能够实践为语言的根本前提。
\n很好，说清楚了这个问题，我们回到表音文字对表意文字的替代问题上。
\n这个问题极度复杂，我只说一个最粗糙的线条。
\n在人类神话时代的晚期，部族的迁徙问题，开始表现成为一种“入侵”问题。
\n入侵这个概念，不存在与文化体系形成之前。
\n没有文化体系，实际上就不会产生迁徙的时间—历史性觉察。
\n也就是不会出现祖先、图腾、仪式的传承问题。
\n没有这些传承问题，就算是长期定居，也不会形成对地域的文化固着。
\n不会形成疆界、领土这样的概念。
\n狩猎采集文化可以将法杖伫立的地方比作“世界的中心”。
\n也就是说世界是可以被部落从一个地区带到另一个地区，不存在一种时间和空间交汇的，历史的起点。
\n部落之间发生冲突，就算是以百年为单位的定居生活被破坏，只要这种定居的文化体系还没有固着在时空中（历史性的前身），那么占领者和迁徙者之间就不存在任何“被侵略”和“侵略”的问题。
\n土地和果实没有本质区别。
\n但随着表意符号体系的越来越成熟，它不仅要求语音能够传达意向性，这种认知最基底的效用。
\n它开始对语言再次产生了符号提起的需求。
\n这就是所谓的语义——意义的认知演化，文化在这种演化中产生了。
\n语义是构筑一切世界时空（也就是对象化—客观性）认知的基底。
\n这种认知带来了“存在性”问题。
\n文化为其居住的时空提供了意义，并将这些时空存在化。
\n这是一切农耕能够发展为农业文明的根本前提。
\n文化人类学发现了广泛存在于早期人类那里的农业停滞问题。
\n也就是人类非常早期就已经掌握了发展农业所需要的大量植物培育技术。
\n但世界的存在性——意义性追求没有产生之前，对一个地区的深度开发的意愿性是不存在的。
\n所以，仅仅依靠地理决定论是不能解释早期人类那里广泛存在的农业停滞问题的。
\n只有一种文化体系——祖先 / 神灵崇拜的时空性—历史性回溯，才可能造成对一个地域和一种文化的永恒性绑定问题。
\n人类最早的一批定居文化就是这样形成的。
\n但紧接着，以原始印欧人横跨欧亚大陆的大迁徙为代表，人类历史上最早的入侵出现了：
\n当这些原始印欧人到达他们的新家园时，他们遇到了当地的族群，后者相对要和平一些，不那么尚武好战，从事农耕生产，富于艺术创造力，在社会结构上或许是平等主义的，而且崇拜女神。本土民族拥有发达的审美意识，他们建造二层楼房和美丽的神庙——我们已为这些建筑做了陶土模型。他们还生产优美的彩绘陶器。他们或被库尔干人同化，或被消灭，因为库尔干人驯化了马，又具有军事才能，这都使他们占尽优势。原始印欧人还把他们的语言和宗教强加给本土族群，尽管在因此而形成的“印欧”语言与文化中，本土语言与宗教的一些残迹一直在其底层存在着。这样看来所谓“印欧”，便是库尔干人和古欧洲人相融合的一个结果。\n
——马丽加.金芭塔丝《活着的女神》
这个入侵过程，在印度就表现成为一种为了彻底隔离古文明的种姓制度的形成史：
\n这就是为什么西方的传统文化，也就是常青藤哲学，动不动就要把自己的神秘学谱系，往印度歪，因为实在无法在欧洲去溯源这个传统。\n
但我一直说，印度断代的问题，比起欧洲，更是一笔烂账。
印度教实际上是雅利安人入侵之后，为了断绝哈拉帕文明的传统而出现的。
而这个断绝的“畸形决策”，直接造成了传统精神的重大创伤。
不要忘了一切传统文化的根，就在对人类传承的根本维护上。
可全世界任何一个地区，也没有印度的种姓制度神学化后的宗教——印度教——更畸形的斩断传承的。
尽管有物质文明的灭绝，甚至可能蔓延到文化精神的遮蔽，但不管如何，没有哪个地区会为了隔绝过去，而发明出一种隔绝的宗教体系。
——周易和塔罗的区别是什么？
尽管其他地区没有印度这么“决绝”，但广泛的入侵形态的融合，带来的替代问题很可能才是表音文字诞生的一大动力。
\n不同的文化产生了剧烈的碰撞，表意实践还没有深入到语义—存在—意义阶段的体系，面临着一个如何吸收“异族语义”的过程。
\n这个异族性觉察，还是其占领，侵袭文化提供的。
\n也就是民族性是被征服民族提供的奇特结构，带来了一种极端的，需要真理化征服者的需求。
\n这是最早的基于外部征服—真理性—客观性对神话性宗教，进行神学性改造的起点。
\n绝对的善恶观，将道德律法化，唯一的真理→神的统治——这一切都是征服者通过被征服者的文化，产生的一种荒谬的，怎么说呢……“文明觉醒”？
\n表音文字的大发展亦是这种征服—侵略性文明觉醒的一部分。
\n注意，我这里不是说表音文字代表着一种侵略性，我是说没有文化体系之间的侵略—征服性的剧烈变动，不同文化的文字交流，不可能如此激烈、急切的表达成为一种语音的符号转译，而不是认知的符号实践。
\n实际上古埃及的象形文字的在异族入侵压力下的大变迁，就体现了这一点：
\n埃及人和赫梯人的区别该如何建立？如果说在埃及鼎盛时期这一问题可以被忽略，那么当异族已经入主帝国，成为了埃及主人的时候，文化就开始了其“内化”的过程。\n
这一过程已经无法从当下的危机中寻求力量，反省过去成为了一个契机。
每一个文明、文化、或者民族个体，当它们觉察到自身的存在（这种觉察最容易被文明的存亡危机所激活）的时候，为自己寻求与他者边界的意图就开始变得紧迫了起来。
一个文化工具必须为其存在提供一个过去的源头，这个源头不能再是理所当然的关于当下的自然延展。变化带来的冲击必须的得到解释，觉察正在从流动的体验中渴望寻找到永恒的线索。这就是历史的最初冲动吗？
埃及人选择了神庙作为过去的源头。毕竟在埃及的神话中神庙建立在原初世界那混沌中最初的土堆之上。那是神圣的，那是创世的最高起源。
于是神庙在埃及文化后起的异族危机中开始层层包裹，与外界隔离的欲望在建筑结构的封闭中不停的体现了出来。神庙里的象形文字从 700 个激增到 7000 个，这个时候独立的文字已经无法承担精确性的历史追求，如果说当下为歧义提供了最丰满的语境，那么死去的历史重建则远离了这种丰满，它渴望更为精确的区别，历史追求的是一种无可置疑的，刻板而繁杂的奠基。
这是文明的边界、民族的壁垒。
——死后的历史：大传统构建的文本过去
一种象形—表意文字的衰落，往往是一个文明即将被彻底替代的标志。
\n后来者并不愿意完全传承过去的历史，而是从它的尸体中寻找重新搭建征服者文化的技术。
\n从这一次大入侵→大征服之后，表意文字所代表的，那个人类早期，创造了一切认知基底的神话时代，在世界大部分地区就结束了。
\n表意文字所代表的那种基于体验—觉察为基底的，认知形态也开始被抛弃。
\n但在东亚区域的华夏文明圈却保留了这种认知形态。
\n这就是为什么在很多迷恋客观性—对象化思维的现代人来说，中国传统文化总会被谩骂成为一种活该在近代落后的，没有科学—理性精神的落后文明的原因。
\n但这种思维的可悲，就像表音和表意文字的线性—替代—进步思维一样，就像把科学和技术实践做出强绑定，货币和以物易物做出强绑定，信息和文字做出强绑定一样，它纯粹就是一种客观性思维的产物，而从来不可能提供一种有效的对何为客观性思维的审查：
\n一切所谓工具理性，实验精神都不是一种“系统”，更不是什么拥有本质的精神，它从头到尾就是一种——民俗。\n
一切基于“工程操作”理念的认知集合（比如工具、实验……），都不过是一种技术手册，这个技术手册中的一切经验规律，都根本不需要进行——哲学化的确定性总结，也就是所谓的——科学。
也就是说，你以为科学的巨大价值，无非是一个鸠占鹊巢的游戏，而这个游戏的始作俑者，就是哲学的现代化构造——科学精神：
【以下是我们准备支持的哲学观点：科学精神必须在反自然、反我们身上和身外的本性冲动和号令中，反自然的驱使、反色彩斑斓和多样的事实中形成。
——巴什拉《科学精神的形成》】
巴什拉在他的这本著作中，最准确但同时在我看来也是最可笑的展示了这种科学精神最实质的内涵——科学的政治性规约。
科学的一切操作根本没有任何创造性可言，在大部分技术环节，“科学”这个概念是毫无价值，也是毫无意义的，它唯一的作用，就是在一切“多样性”、“自然而然”、“色彩斑斓”、“事实”的实践—实验之后，来按照一种既定的标准对这一切实践做出“价值裁决”。
这个价值裁决，才是“科学”这个概念能够在现代社会发挥效用的——唯一目的。
——如今的哲学变成什么样了？
这就是信息→语音→语言→文字，在科学陈述中的，一切所谓合理性的来源。
\n好了，当我们弄清楚了在认知诞生的初期，表意文字的演化所扮演的角色，我们就会明白为什么表音文字，在这种视域下，根本没有跟表意文字进行对比的空间。
\n同时，如果我们也熟悉了表音文字自身大发展，是如何与神话时代晚期的，人类最早的一次入侵所带来的征服文化的大崛起的历史息息相关的，那么“客观性—对象化—神学化”思维为什么在表音文字中如此核心，就实在不那么奇怪了。
\n那么，当我们掌握了这些“区别”，我们回到中国的表意文字，回想一下近代拉丁化思潮对它的口诛笔伐，是不是就有了一些理解其历史原因的线索？
\n所以，为什么唯独中国的文字几经变迁，备受摧残，却最终仍然没有丢弃自己的“表意”？
\n这个文字和它那遥远过去的“根”到底是什么关系？
\n对这一切的摸索就要靠我们自己各自的志趣了。
\n毕竟，这个时代，我们自身文化的研究，恐怕大部分的主流，也在科学的名义下，实在表音化了……。
\n几乎所有的回答都有一个默认的前提：语言早于文字。
\n这怎么可能不对呢？
\n难道不是先有说话，才可能有记录说话的需求？
\n我们总在线性思维中整理着自己的过去：
\n这个东西叫做“人工搬运物”。\n
什么意思？就是说这个像人脸的“石头”，并不是人类雕刻出来的人工产物。
而是很可能早到南方古猿时代，类人猿从自然界中间寻找到的自身形象的觉察物。
这个东西的发现对语言学具有颠覆价值的原因是，它很可能解释了表意文字完全不同于表音文字的“演化历程”。
早在现代智人还没有形成之前，“人工搬运物”作为人类对自身的觉察就已经开始以一种“符号提取”的方式出现在自然物的有意识的选择，而不是制造之中。
这一发现，甚至会撼动人类工具演化的诸多理论。
比如，我们完全可以设想，最早期的工具演化就是一种“人工搬运”。
我们把“尖锐”、“锋利”、“结实”等诸多概念从自然物中“搬运”入自己的工具集里。
因此所有的人类创造，首先必须能够提取“意义”，随后才能制造工具。
这就是表意文字的恐怖之处。
它根本不是语言的“记录”，甚至更合理的猜测是，它反而是语言的缔造者。
——易经的科学原理是什么？
当我们说文字和语言的线性关系的时候，我们其实就已经掉入了题主和大部分答主的前置设定之中。
\n那就是文字和语言的进化是严格的语言线性的先行的。
\n但我认为语言人类学的很多发现并不支持这种看起来绝对正确的思维。
\n就像大卫.格雷伯清晰的证明了，早期人类社会，不存在一个广泛存在的以物易物的交换系统。
\n丹尼尔.L.埃弗雷特在《语言的诞生》中，也清晰的证明了文字和认知—意识之间的演化关系。
\n也就是说，文字作为一种符号实践，其诞生的演化需求，很可能要远远早于语言。
\n我们之所以觉得语言必定早于文字，无非是因为我们把表音文字的语言转化效用，当成了语言的本质，同时也把文字和认知之间的关系，当成了一种绝对教条的——因果关系。
\n我们下意识的认为，一定必须先有语言作为一种对认知的“显现”，随后才需要文字对这种显现记录。
\n随后我们认为在动物日常中间的，基于发音的“信息交流”就是语言的母体：
\n但如果我们仔细审查这个信息和语言关系的图标，你会发现信息的交流结构中不存在语言的效用：
\n这是《认知语用学》里的一副插图，将人类的交际行为和动物的交际行为做了一个对比，我们可以看到“信息提取”——也就是分辨事物——并不是人和动物在交际上的主要区别。同样交际——也就是信息交流——原则上也无需语言的参与。前两种能力的唯一区别是意向性，我们可以简略的把它理解成为是否具有目的性，毕竟当一只狮子在草原上溜达，无意中发现了一只羚羊，并不需要有意为之，不管它是否饥饿，羚羊的形象都会自然的通过狮子发现的线索，出现在它的心灵里，而如果这个发现触发了捕猎，羚羊就成了一个目标，狮子必须跟随这个目标不停的调整自己的行为，如果是合作狩猎，它还需要呼叫同伴，让其和自己拥有共同的目标，围绕目标的一系列的目的性行为，就可以被看作是有意向的。\n
图例上进一步表示，前两种互动虽然有意向性上的区别，但都是非象征性的，只有人类的交际行为，那种运用语言的交流，才能称之为象征性的。
——第十节：象征之眼
意向性——表达为对象性陈述为象征性，其实就是对意识的描述。
\n所以，严格来说创造工具并不会需要意识，只有有目的，有意象的从物中提取工具的符号形象，才能称之为有意识：
\n【……伯施和伯施.阿克曼（Boesch and Boesch Achermann，1991）通过对象牙海岸雨林中的野生大猩猩的观察发现，为了让小猩猩学会如何敲碎坚果，猩猩母亲用类似锤子的工具现场展示。事实上，猩猩母亲不仅给小猩猩提供锤子，而且向它演示如何使用锤子、坚果怎么放等细节。……】\n
这段话摘抄自布鲁诺.G.巴拉的《认知语用学：交际的心智过程》，猩猩母亲掌握了使用工具的能力，考虑到它已经能够从自然物中分离出“锤子”，不得不说大猩猩拥有了某种非常原始的意象。可当它们没有语言的时候，这些意象并不能像概念那样被精确掌握，并用来解释“锤子”的功用。它们传达这些能力的唯一方式就是直观的演示，一遍一遍的，猩猩母亲不停的重复着使用工具的体验，希望孩子在一旁的观察中，能够从它自己的体验里分辨出“锤子”与其他石头的区别（界限），以及作为一个工具的意义。依赖生命体验的实践虽然让大猩猩掌握了某些也许可以称为概念前身的模糊意象，但作为一个没有语言的生灵，它是无法孤立于自己的行为，而将自己的体验传达给其他同类的。
——同上
而表意文字的整个演化过程，几乎就是人类认知→意识的产生过程。
\n也就是说仅仅从语音的信息交流出发，用一种教条的线性进步的逻辑，声称语言中的“意向性陈述”来自于原始的，动物也存在的，语音的信息交流的需求，是极端不合理的。
\n这也是为什么即便在香农的信息建模中，我们也照样看不到语义存在的原因：
\n香农的通信管道隐喻，只能为信息的明确性负责，而根本无法为语义的明确性负责。\n
毕竟，信息学关心的不是“这句话传达了什么？”，而是“这句话传达了吗？”。
一组编码的可辨别性，和一组编码的“意义”是根本不可能通约的。
主流的认知科学，解决这个问题的方法，是拒绝面对它。
比如乔姆斯基的“UG”，在一种算法逻辑下，关心所谓的“亚人符号”其实说白了，就是想要在自己的语言学理论里，拒绝“语义”这个概念。
本质上，他希望“功能主义”的所谓副现象在这里发挥作用。
也就是说，语言不过是某种类似于“基因编码”的规律性运动，这个规律性运动是一切语言行为的“发动机”；而所谓的语义，不过是这个语言行为的——副现象——也就是发动机的轰鸣声。
在这样的意义上，主流的，遵从于 UG 路径的语言学家们，其实根本不在乎“语义”这么个东西。
这种心态和传统认知心理学根本不在乎“意识”，而只在乎“智能”是一个道理。
在大多数认知学家的视域里，“意识”是一个语义欠明的——缀词。
所以，在主流语言学中，过度的，甚至冗余的对数学的依赖，其实只不过是不停的尝试将语言学转化为一种信息学的趋势罢了。
——被发明的认知：作为文化迁移的语言演化
这就是为什么我认为表意文字在认知演化上的效用，要远远大于表音文字的原因。
\n也就是说，表意符号的实践操作，以百万年为单位，很可能横跨了早期古人种的整个演化历程。
\n也因此表意符号演化为表意文字很可能是所有语音最终能够实践为语言的根本前提。
\n很好，说清楚了这个问题，我们回到表音文字对表意文字的替代问题上。
\n这个问题极度复杂，我只说一个最粗糙的线条。
\n在人类神话时代的晚期，部族的迁徙问题，开始表现成为一种“入侵”问题。
\n入侵这个概念，不存在与文化体系形成之前。
\n没有文化体系，实际上就不会产生迁徙的时间—历史性觉察。
\n也就是不会出现祖先、图腾、仪式的传承问题。
\n没有这些传承问题，就算是长期定居，也不会形成对地域的文化固着。
\n不会形成疆界、领土这样的概念。
\n狩猎采集文化可以将法杖伫立的地方比作“世界的中心”。
\n也就是说世界是可以被部落从一个地区带到另一个地区，不存在一种时间和空间交汇的，历史的起点。
\n部落之间发生冲突，就算是以百年为单位的定居生活被破坏，只要这种定居的文化体系还没有固着在时空中（历史性的前身），那么占领者和迁徙者之间就不存在任何“被侵略”和“侵略”的问题。
\n土地和果实没有本质区别。
\n但随着表意符号体系的越来越成熟，它不仅要求语音能够传达意向性，这种认知最基底的效用。
\n它开始对语言再次产生了符号提起的需求。
\n这就是所谓的语义——意义的认知演化，文化在这种演化中产生了。
\n语义是构筑一切世界时空（也就是对象化—客观性）认知的基底。
\n这种认知带来了“存在性”问题。
\n文化为其居住的时空提供了意义，并将这些时空存在化。
\n这是一切农耕能够发展为农业文明的根本前提。
\n文化人类学发现了广泛存在于早期人类那里的农业停滞问题。
\n也就是人类非常早期就已经掌握了发展农业所需要的大量植物培育技术。
\n但世界的存在性——意义性追求没有产生之前，对一个地区的深度开发的意愿性是不存在的。
\n所以，仅仅依靠地理决定论是不能解释早期人类那里广泛存在的农业停滞问题的。
\n只有一种文化体系——祖先 / 神灵崇拜的时空性—历史性回溯，才可能造成对一个地域和一种文化的永恒性绑定问题。
\n人类最早的一批定居文化就是这样形成的。
\n但紧接着，以原始印欧人横跨欧亚大陆的大迁徙为代表，人类历史上最早的入侵出现了：
\n当这些原始印欧人到达他们的新家园时，他们遇到了当地的族群，后者相对要和平一些，不那么尚武好战，从事农耕生产，富于艺术创造力，在社会结构上或许是平等主义的，而且崇拜女神。本土民族拥有发达的审美意识，他们建造二层楼房和美丽的神庙——我们已为这些建筑做了陶土模型。他们还生产优美的彩绘陶器。他们或被库尔干人同化，或被消灭，因为库尔干人驯化了马，又具有军事才能，这都使他们占尽优势。原始印欧人还把他们的语言和宗教强加给本土族群，尽管在因此而形成的“印欧”语言与文化中，本土语言与宗教的一些残迹一直在其底层存在着。这样看来所谓“印欧”，便是库尔干人和古欧洲人相融合的一个结果。\n
——马丽加.金芭塔丝《活着的女神》
这个入侵过程，在印度就表现成为一种为了彻底隔离古文明的种姓制度的形成史：
\n这就是为什么西方的传统文化，也就是常青藤哲学，动不动就要把自己的神秘学谱系，往印度歪，因为实在无法在欧洲去溯源这个传统。\n
但我一直说，印度断代的问题，比起欧洲，更是一笔烂账。
印度教实际上是雅利安人入侵之后，为了断绝哈拉帕文明的传统而出现的。
而这个断绝的“畸形决策”，直接造成了传统精神的重大创伤。
不要忘了一切传统文化的根，就在对人类传承的根本维护上。
可全世界任何一个地区，也没有印度的种姓制度神学化后的宗教——印度教——更畸形的斩断传承的。
尽管有物质文明的灭绝，甚至可能蔓延到文化精神的遮蔽，但不管如何，没有哪个地区会为了隔绝过去，而发明出一种隔绝的宗教体系。
——周易和塔罗的区别是什么？
尽管其他地区没有印度这么“决绝”，但广泛的入侵形态的融合，带来的替代问题很可能才是表音文字诞生的一大动力。
\n不同的文化产生了剧烈的碰撞，表意实践还没有深入到语义—存在—意义阶段的体系，面临着一个如何吸收“异族语义”的过程。
\n这个异族性觉察，还是其占领，侵袭文化提供的。
\n也就是民族性是被征服民族提供的奇特结构，带来了一种极端的，需要真理化征服者的需求。
\n这是最早的基于外部征服—真理性—客观性对神话性宗教，进行神学性改造的起点。
\n绝对的善恶观，将道德律法化，唯一的真理→神的统治——这一切都是征服者通过被征服者的文化，产生的一种荒谬的，怎么说呢……“文明觉醒”？
\n表音文字的大发展亦是这种征服—侵略性文明觉醒的一部分。
\n注意，我这里不是说表音文字代表着一种侵略性，我是说没有文化体系之间的侵略—征服性的剧烈变动，不同文化的文字交流，不可能如此激烈、急切的表达成为一种语音的符号转译，而不是认知的符号实践。
\n实际上古埃及的象形文字的在异族入侵压力下的大变迁，就体现了这一点：
\n埃及人和赫梯人的区别该如何建立？如果说在埃及鼎盛时期这一问题可以被忽略，那么当异族已经入主帝国，成为了埃及主人的时候，文化就开始了其“内化”的过程。\n
这一过程已经无法从当下的危机中寻求力量，反省过去成为了一个契机。
每一个文明、文化、或者民族个体，当它们觉察到自身的存在（这种觉察最容易被文明的存亡危机所激活）的时候，为自己寻求与他者边界的意图就开始变得紧迫了起来。
一个文化工具必须为其存在提供一个过去的源头，这个源头不能再是理所当然的关于当下的自然延展。变化带来的冲击必须的得到解释，觉察正在从流动的体验中渴望寻找到永恒的线索。这就是历史的最初冲动吗？
埃及人选择了神庙作为过去的源头。毕竟在埃及的神话中神庙建立在原初世界那混沌中最初的土堆之上。那是神圣的，那是创世的最高起源。
于是神庙在埃及文化后起的异族危机中开始层层包裹，与外界隔离的欲望在建筑结构的封闭中不停的体现了出来。神庙里的象形文字从 700 个激增到 7000 个，这个时候独立的文字已经无法承担精确性的历史追求，如果说当下为歧义提供了最丰满的语境，那么死去的历史重建则远离了这种丰满，它渴望更为精确的区别，历史追求的是一种无可置疑的，刻板而繁杂的奠基。
这是文明的边界、民族的壁垒。
——死后的历史：大传统构建的文本过去
一种象形—表意文字的衰落，往往是一个文明即将被彻底替代的标志。
\n后来者并不愿意完全传承过去的历史，而是从它的尸体中寻找重新搭建征服者文化的技术。
\n从这一次大入侵→大征服之后，表意文字所代表的，那个人类早期，创造了一切认知基底的神话时代，在世界大部分地区就结束了。
\n表意文字所代表的那种基于体验—觉察为基底的，认知形态也开始被抛弃。
\n但在东亚区域的华夏文明圈却保留了这种认知形态。
\n这就是为什么在很多迷恋客观性—对象化思维的现代人来说，中国传统文化总会被谩骂成为一种活该在近代落后的，没有科学—理性精神的落后文明的原因。
\n但这种思维的可悲，就像表音和表意文字的线性—替代—进步思维一样，就像把科学和技术实践做出强绑定，货币和以物易物做出强绑定，信息和文字做出强绑定一样，它纯粹就是一种客观性思维的产物，而从来不可能提供一种有效的对何为客观性思维的审查：
\n一切所谓工具理性，实验精神都不是一种“系统”，更不是什么拥有本质的精神，它从头到尾就是一种——民俗。\n
一切基于“工程操作”理念的认知集合（比如工具、实验……），都不过是一种技术手册，这个技术手册中的一切经验规律，都根本不需要进行——哲学化的确定性总结，也就是所谓的——科学。
也就是说，你以为科学的巨大价值，无非是一个鸠占鹊巢的游戏，而这个游戏的始作俑者，就是哲学的现代化构造——科学精神：
【以下是我们准备支持的哲学观点：科学精神必须在反自然、反我们身上和身外的本性冲动和号令中，反自然的驱使、反色彩斑斓和多样的事实中形成。
——巴什拉《科学精神的形成》】
巴什拉在他的这本著作中，最准确但同时在我看来也是最可笑的展示了这种科学精神最实质的内涵——科学的政治性规约。
科学的一切操作根本没有任何创造性可言，在大部分技术环节，“科学”这个概念是毫无价值，也是毫无意义的，它唯一的作用，就是在一切“多样性”、“自然而然”、“色彩斑斓”、“事实”的实践—实验之后，来按照一种既定的标准对这一切实践做出“价值裁决”。
这个价值裁决，才是“科学”这个概念能够在现代社会发挥效用的——唯一目的。
——如今的哲学变成什么样了？
这就是信息→语音→语言→文字，在科学陈述中的，一切所谓合理性的来源。
\n好了，当我们弄清楚了在认知诞生的初期，表意文字的演化所扮演的角色，我们就会明白为什么表音文字，在这种视域下，根本没有跟表意文字进行对比的空间。
\n同时，如果我们也熟悉了表音文字自身大发展，是如何与神话时代晚期的，人类最早的一次入侵所带来的征服文化的大崛起的历史息息相关的，那么“客观性—对象化—神学化”思维为什么在表音文字中如此核心，就实在不那么奇怪了。
\n那么，当我们掌握了这些“区别”，我们回到中国的表意文字，回想一下近代拉丁化思潮对它的口诛笔伐，是不是就有了一些理解其历史原因的线索？
\n所以，为什么唯独中国的文字几经变迁，备受摧残，却最终仍然没有丢弃自己的“表意”？
\n这个文字和它那遥远过去的“根”到底是什么关系？
\n对这一切的摸索就要靠我们自己各自的志趣了。
\n毕竟，这个时代，我们自身文化的研究，恐怕大部分的主流，也在科学的名义下，实在表音化了……。
\n![\"头图\"/](\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-365db771d2edeff71092cd2a3bf2de04_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\")
《三体》大家都有看么？
\n为了应对 3 个太阳带来的混乱且恶劣的生存环境，三体人进化出了一项特殊技能：当乱纪元来临，人们高喊着脱水，变成「人干」；等到恒纪元来临，再去浸泡恢复生机。
\n这种出现在科幻作品中的神奇复苏技能，还真不是凭空捏造。
\n现实中就生存着不少会脱水、遇水又复活的三体植物（啊不，复苏植物）。这也是植物们应对极端干旱环境的保命奇招。
\n会脱水的复苏植物
\n会脱水的植物典型就是卷柏科的卷柏属 Selaginella sp.部分植物，号称现实中的“九死还魂草”。
\n比如卷柏（Selaginella tamariscina）、垫状卷柏（Selaginella pulvinata），主要分布于我国的干旱地区，常生长于裸露的石灰岩表面或者石缝中，具有很强的耐旱性。俄罗斯西伯利亚、朝鲜半岛、日本、印度、菲律宾、越南、泰国等各地都有分布。
\n正常状态，垫状卷柏长这样：
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-1d658178852ff7b0b27845a09cac2cc5_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
但干旱季节时，它就变成了这样：
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-20a3043ac60180c651a516e9566e66b1_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
等再次遇到湿润的合适环境，卷柏又会重新恢复生机。
\n这不就是三体人的地球植物版么～～（除了不能被打包带走）
\n之所以能这么扛得住干旱，是因为卷柏体内有一种叫 LEA 蛋白的物质，在受到干旱的胁迫时，这种蛋白会在 12 小时内快速表达达到峰值，它可以在卷柏脱水的过程中，大量填充在细胞之间，起到固定和缓冲的作用。同时因为这种蛋白有很高的亲水性，可以锁住一部分保持最低限度生命活动的水分，让卷柏「虽枯犹活」。环境适宜的时候，LEA 蛋白再次大量吸水，帮助卷柏的细胞恢复正常运转，卷柏就此「还魂」死而复生。
\n据说，有位日本学者曾把卷柏晒干后，等了 11 年再放到水里浸泡，卷柏居然又复活了。但我没找到具体的出处，不知道是否确有其事。
\n此外传言含生草（学名Anastatica hierochuntica，又称杰⾥科玫瑰 rose of Jericho）也能复苏。这是十字花科含生草属里唯一的一种植物。生长在以色列内盖夫和撒哈拉沙漠中。含生草的高度不超过 15 厘米，开白颜色的小花。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-6fda5676110e9b9e7707e125caa7d6fd_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
每年的雨季过后，含生草枯死，茎叶都卷曲起来成为一个紧密的球形，把种子包裹在里面，随风迁徙。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-08edac31a7dcbd86fcf6ccdd591fc564_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
但实际上，真正复苏的不是它的枝叶，而是被包裹着的种子。真相是，含生草属于「风滚草」，干旱时节它的枝叶会卷曲起来，将种子包裹在其中，形成风滚草的形态，随风迁徙。当雨季再次来临的时候，干燥的枯枝遇水后舒展开来，把里面的种子暴露出来。种子会趁着雨季迅速扎根、发芽。
\n海洋中的红树植物
\n大家见过在大海的潮水涨落之间，依然郁郁葱葱的真·海上森林么？
\n涨潮时，大片的树林被海水淹没。潮水退去，又露出一片绿色。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-2797a6e27f764a15e1291750a3d47699_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
这就是陆地向海洋过渡的一种特殊生态系统，红树林。里面生长的，大多是红树植物。
\n红树植物并不红，叶子也都是绿色的。之所以叫「红」树，是因为它们树皮中含有一种叫做单宁的物质，与空气接触后会被氧化为红色。
\n海水大家都知道，是咸的，盐度很高，假如手在盐水里泡着，身体里的水分是往外跑的。再加上潮水涨落，连石头都能给你冲刷出一个大洞。这生存环境实在说不上好。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-c2f8049bc6cc0bc02bb51dbb688c4a9e_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-59dd8d988dbae371d392f3d5d227e1f8_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
那这些生长在滩涂上、每天被两轮涨潮退潮冲刷的红树植物，是怎么保命的呢？
\n为了适应潮涨潮落的半水生环境 + 高盐的水分，红树植物进化出了很多独特的保命技能，包括：
\n❤️各种奇特的根系，以对抗沿海地区的台风和潮水的冲刷
\n木榄（Bruguiera gymnorhiza）的膝状根
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-d4d77f8e02a0e3dfd70998a743807f58_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
银叶树（Heritiera littoralis）的板状根，板状根向上拱起，用于支撑和呼吸，以适应台风和潮湿多雨的气候
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-a261a2507bd1837f1810403e3c3f0e93_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
无瓣海桑（Sonneratia apetala）的笋状呼吸根：
\n![\"\"](\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-eb13b64cd479ae1894338b02ffe8164b_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
❤️让种子在树上先发芽、再掉落的独特「胎生芽」；
\n代表植物比如秋茄Kandelia obovata：
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-90c5100cd0431824b78cf7678d102435_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
秋茄的胎轴长这样：
\n![\"\"](\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-b25cbd95d75eb092e25a4492ba1bb138_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
会「胎生」的红树植物还有木榄、桐花树等等。
\n这是木榄的胚轴：
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-dea1ba4fb5985c20daa4b2ce8ec810cb_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
这是桐花树（Aegiceras corniculatum）的胚轴：
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-884dfbbc9129adefe970fac9949580fd_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
种子萌发需要大量的养分和相对稳定的环境，红树植物为了提高后代的存活率，直接让种子在树上先发芽，之后再掉落，随着潮水漂到各处的滩涂上扎根。
\n❤️根系拒绝吸收盐分 / 用叶片析出多余盐分的能力，以应对海水的高盐分
\n盐分拒绝者，比如前面提到的秋茄、木榄，它们的根系吸收水分时可以把大部分的盐分过滤掉，过滤效率高达 99%。
\n「盐分排泄者」比如白骨壤。
\n白骨壤，又叫海榄雌（学名：Avicennia marina(Forsk.) Vierh.），它除了有细棒状的出水呼吸根，帮助其进行气体交换，也具备胎生能力（种子在果实内萌发，形成具有幼苗雏形的胚体），还有一个特殊技能，就是利用叶肉的泌盐细胞，把叶子内的多余盐分排出叶子表面。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-3dff69593e6bafd6c124e307334e1d1f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
桐花树也会泌盐：
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-a79a713f8e8e365a7949b548bf7ccb89_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
还有一类植物也很神奇，因为生存环境过于恶劣，每年仅有短短一两个月甚至十来天的适宜环境，所以它们进化出了一种能力，在极短时间内完成萌发、成熟、开花、结果的整个生命周期。
\n沙漠中的短命植物
\n它们的生命周期有多短呢？
\n2～3 个月都算长的，很多只有 1～2 个月。
\n植株也通常比较矮小，可能只有 5～6cm 高，甚至只有 2～5cm 就会开花结果。它们的种子也具有极长的寿命，哪怕好几年都没有下雨也可以存活，直到下一次降水来临。
\n而且不是说短命植物只有这么短的寿命，当它们处于降水和温度比较合适的环境时，也会像普通的一年生小草一样寿命延长到整个适宜生长的季节。只是在沙漠的特殊环境，它们学会了用快速成长（真·揠苗助长）来繁衍后代。
\n在我们国家，这类短命植物主要出现在新疆北部的沙漠地区。比如这些
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-6c70c8ecec6576047e7405a11a8e9d99_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
还有一些植物能耐极寒，也是妙招频出，比如今年开花、明年结果；利用渗透压调节和抗冻蛋白来抵御寒冷，通过抱团取暖改变局部微环境的气温，靠半透明苞片给自己造一个「温室」等等，晚点再补充～
\n\n![\"头图\"/](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-7e922247fb1b0d6d7f0c10ad7f4fd8eb_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\")
2001 年，科学家们精心设计了一个科学实验。
\n他们给一只名叫 Rosi 的港海豹（海豹科、斑海豹属动物）佩戴了不透光的眼罩和隔音的耳罩，在暂时屏蔽其视觉和听觉信号的情况下，测试它能否跟上一条小型潜艇的轨迹。潜艇由螺旋桨驱动，像一条机械鱼，在水池中以 2 米每秒的速度划出直线，以 1.5 米每秒的速度划出曲线。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-34d01757d83a984728884d9d32f1a5c0_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
潜艇留下的痕迹只有狭窄的水流通道，并且超过 20 秒后，水流的轨迹就会慢慢消失。这些水流痕迹模仿了鱼类游动留下的涡旋，像隐形的足迹，肉眼无法捕捉。
\n潜艇运行固定距离后，停在一个半圆周上，周长 12.57 米，Rosi 的任务是潜入水下，找到它。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-3d077f0e003608fde500484c0beb50c0_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
水池上方，摄像机记录下 Rosi 的每一帧行动画面。Rosi 潜入水池，88 根胡子展开，像天线般微微抖动。接着，它朝水池中心游去，头部轻轻摆动，像是用胡子“嗅”着水流的低语。
\n令人难以置信的是，Rosi 在 326 次试验中成功找到潜艇的次数为 298 次，成功率约 91.4%，远超偶然概率的 13 次。并且，它追踪的距离可远达 180 米，不仅能追踪直线痕迹，还能跟着弯曲的涡旋游动。
\n海豹的“追踪神器”是什么？
\n目标物的轨迹如此狭窄、痕迹停留时间如此短暂，海豹究竟拥有什么样的“追踪神器”呢？
\n答案是胡须。海豹胡须的毛囊周围有复杂的血窦（具体来说，它是一组充满血液的腔隙，位于毛囊的基部）和多种机械感受器，能感知微弱的水流信号，将机械信号转为电信号，传递到大脑的体感皮层。而它们的 88 根胡须则像“神经网络”，能够整合信号，绘制出水流的“动态地图”，就像一个精密的水下雷达。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-020fcbcf39f635e7622b3b7f009fa68d_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
然而，水下的环境极为复杂，水下的“背景噪音”极大。想象你在一条喧闹的大街上，想听清朋友低声说话，但周围的车声、人声令你晕眩。同样地，海豹的胡须在水下面临的“背景噪音”就有类似的感觉。
\n水下的背景噪音不仅来源于水中悬浮颗粒的碰撞，还有水中的杂乱水流，最重要的是一种叫“涡激振动”（vortex-induced vibrations）的影响。涡激振动是流体力学的一种现象。当水流或空气以一定速度流过物体时，流体会因为物体的阻挡而分裂，形成周期性的涡旋。这些涡旋产生不均匀的压力，推着物体振动。振动的频率（晃动的快慢程度）取决于流速、物体形状和大小。
\n理论上，当海豹游动时，水流经过胡须会形成小旋涡，这些旋涡会推着胡须来回晃动，产生的便是涡激振动。这种晃动就像收音机里的杂音，干扰胡须感知鱼类尾流等微弱信号。
\n因此，新的谜团浮现了：海豹的胡须是如何捕捉这些微弱信号的？怎么消除周围的干扰获取精准的信号？
\n海豹胡须因何能成为高精确度的“水下雷达”？
\n2010 年，科学家们对海豹胡须展开了实验。他们搬出了一个旋转流槽，像个巨大的旋转木马，直径 1.24 米，水深 20 厘米。水槽绕中心轴旋转，制造出稳定的水流，速度从 0.323 米每秒到 0.550 米每秒。
\n科学家们从自然死亡的幼年海豹和博物馆标本中取来三根港海豹胡须和三根加利福尼亚海狮胡须，长度相近。
\n虽然海豹和海狮就像“表兄弟”，生活方式和环境很像，但它们的胡须结构不太一样。海豹的胡须有独特的波浪状结构，每根胡须有 10~12 个波峰波谷，波长 1.5~2 毫米，横截面为椭圆形；而海狮的胡须是平滑的圆柱形，横截面近圆形，直径约 0.4 毫米。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-e536b20325b41b9b0e14030803058ab5_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
它们的胡须被固定在一个压电传感器上，传感器像个超级灵敏的“地震仪”，能够测量水流对胡须的推力。为了使海豹胡须周围的涡流可视化，科学家在水槽中加入了微小的塑料颗粒，这些颗粒会随着水流而移动。激光照射颗粒，便会形成图案。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-8fd47dd98b51a2c7be780984afc3af81_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
结果发现，在相同水流速度下，港海豹胡须的振动幅度比海狮胡须低 6.2 倍，甚至在所有速度（指实验测试的水流速度范围，从 0.323 米 / 秒到 0.55 米 / 秒不等）下低 9.5 倍。海豹的波浪胡须就像装了“减震器”，几乎不受水流涡旋的干扰。
\n这让海豹胡须能清晰捕捉水流速度低至 0.25 毫米每秒的信号，将信噪比（是一个衡量信号质量的指标，定义为有用信号功率与背景噪声功率的比值，通常用分贝（dB）表示。）提高了 2 倍。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-062dfe28fc7cc9cb83bbafca58fd8633_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
打造仿生海豹胡须，能应用在哪些领域？
\n故事并未止步，对海豹胡须的研究还在延伸。
\n2015 年，麻省理工学院（MIT）的工程师们用 3D 打印技术复制了海豹胡须的波浪状结构，打造出“人工海豹胡子”传感器。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-aa71839761a2b641760a1ae8fa476e40_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
这些胡须用柔性树脂制成，硬度与海豹胡须的角蛋白相仿，既坚韧又弹性十足。为了对比，他们还打印了平滑的圆柱形胡须，模仿加利福尼亚海狮的胡须。当然，人工海豹胡须不负期待，它们以 60%~80%的振动抑制和 1.8~2.2 倍的信噪比，证明了海豹胡须的工程潜力。
\n仿生学通过模仿自然界的精妙设计解决工程难题。海豹胡须的波浪状结构是亿万年进化的结果，兼顾抗振和信号感知。模仿海豹胡须打造出复制品有助于开发出高灵敏、低干扰的传感器，超越传统设备（如声呐）在浑浊水域的局限，有望将其应用于水下机器人、航空甚至医疗领域。
\n想象一下，一台水下机器人，装着波浪状的“人工海豹胡子”，在浑浊的港口里穿梭。港口的水像一锅混汤，充满了泥沙和垃圾，传统的声呐“看不清路”。但这些胡须传感器却像海豹一样，灵敏地“嗅”到了一股微弱的水流——那是泄漏的油污在水里扩散的痕迹，速度只有每秒 0.5 毫米，比蜗牛爬还慢。机器人顺着水流，精准定位到漏油点，误差不到 10 厘米，帮工程师迅速封堵污染，保护了海洋生态。
\n在医院里，医生们用微型波浪状传感器，模仿胡须的抗振和感知能力，将其装在微流控设备上，可以检测血液或体液的流动变化。这些传感器能捕捉到 1 微米的微小扰动，协助医生发现血液里异常的细微信号，比如早期癌症的线索。它们安静又精准，就像海豹在水下“听”鱼儿的低语，给了患者更早的治疗机会。
\n这些应用只是冰山一角。看似科幻，也许在不久的将来就能实现，我们拭目以待。
\n参考文献
\n[1]Dehnhardt G., Mauck B., Hanke W., Bleckmann H. (2001). Hydrodynamic trail following in harbor seals (Phocavitulina). Science 293, 102-104.[
\n2]Hanke W, Witte M, Miersch L, et al. Harbor seal vibrissa morphology suppresses vortex-induced vibrations[J](#). Journal of Experimental Biology, 2010, 213(15): 2665-2672.
\n[3]Zheng X, Kamat A M, Cao M, et al. Creating underwater vision through wavy whiskers: A review of the flow-sensing mechanisms and biomimetic potential of seal whiskers[J](#). Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 2021, 18(183): 20210629.
\n2001 年，科学家们精心设计了一个科学实验。
\n他们给一只名叫 Rosi 的港海豹（海豹科、斑海豹属动物）佩戴了不透光的眼罩和隔音的耳罩，在暂时屏蔽其视觉和听觉信号的情况下，测试它能否跟上一条小型潜艇的轨迹。潜艇由螺旋桨驱动，像一条机械鱼，在水池中以 2 米每秒的速度划出直线，以 1.5 米每秒的速度划出曲线。
\n潜艇留下的痕迹只有狭窄的水流通道，并且超过 20 秒后，水流的轨迹就会慢慢消失。这些水流痕迹模仿了鱼类游动留下的涡旋，像隐形的足迹，肉眼无法捕捉。
\n潜艇运行固定距离后，停在一个半圆周上，周长 12.57 米，Rosi 的任务是潜入水下，找到它。
\n水池上方，摄像机记录下 Rosi 的每一帧行动画面。Rosi 潜入水池，88 根胡子展开，像天线般微微抖动。接着，它朝水池中心游去，头部轻轻摆动，像是用胡子“嗅”着水流的低语。
\n令人难以置信的是，Rosi 在 326 次试验中成功找到潜艇的次数为 298 次，成功率约 91.4%，远超偶然概率的 13 次。并且，它追踪的距离可远达 180 米，不仅能追踪直线痕迹，还能跟着弯曲的涡旋游动。
\n海豹的“追踪神器”是什么？
\n目标物的轨迹如此狭窄、痕迹停留时间如此短暂，海豹究竟拥有什么样的“追踪神器”呢？
\n答案是胡须。海豹胡须的毛囊周围有复杂的血窦（具体来说，它是一组充满血液的腔隙，位于毛囊的基部）和多种机械感受器，能感知微弱的水流信号，将机械信号转为电信号，传递到大脑的体感皮层。而它们的 88 根胡须则像“神经网络”，能够整合信号，绘制出水流的“动态地图”，就像一个精密的水下雷达。
\n然而，水下的环境极为复杂，水下的“背景噪音”极大。想象你在一条喧闹的大街上，想听清朋友低声说话，但周围的车声、人声令你晕眩。同样地，海豹的胡须在水下面临的“背景噪音”就有类似的感觉。
\n水下的背景噪音不仅来源于水中悬浮颗粒的碰撞，还有水中的杂乱水流，最重要的是一种叫“涡激振动”（vortex-induced vibrations）的影响。涡激振动是流体力学的一种现象。当水流或空气以一定速度流过物体时，流体会因为物体的阻挡而分裂，形成周期性的涡旋。这些涡旋产生不均匀的压力，推着物体振动。振动的频率（晃动的快慢程度）取决于流速、物体形状和大小。
\n理论上，当海豹游动时，水流经过胡须会形成小旋涡，这些旋涡会推着胡须来回晃动，产生的便是涡激振动。这种晃动就像收音机里的杂音，干扰胡须感知鱼类尾流等微弱信号。
\n因此，新的谜团浮现了：海豹的胡须是如何捕捉这些微弱信号的？怎么消除周围的干扰获取精准的信号？
\n海豹胡须因何能成为高精确度的“水下雷达”？
\n2010 年，科学家们对海豹胡须展开了实验。他们搬出了一个旋转流槽，像个巨大的旋转木马，直径 1.24 米，水深 20 厘米。水槽绕中心轴旋转，制造出稳定的水流，速度从 0.323 米每秒到 0.550 米每秒。
\n科学家们从自然死亡的幼年海豹和博物馆标本中取来三根港海豹胡须和三根加利福尼亚海狮胡须，长度相近。
\n虽然海豹和海狮就像“表兄弟”，生活方式和环境很像，但它们的胡须结构不太一样。海豹的胡须有独特的波浪状结构，每根胡须有 10~12 个波峰波谷，波长 1.5~2 毫米，横截面为椭圆形；而海狮的胡须是平滑的圆柱形，横截面近圆形，直径约 0.4 毫米。
\n它们的胡须被固定在一个压电传感器上，传感器像个超级灵敏的“地震仪”，能够测量水流对胡须的推力。为了使海豹胡须周围的涡流可视化，科学家在水槽中加入了微小的塑料颗粒，这些颗粒会随着水流而移动。激光照射颗粒，便会形成图案。
\n结果发现，在相同水流速度下，港海豹胡须的振动幅度比海狮胡须低 6.2 倍，甚至在所有速度（指实验测试的水流速度范围，从 0.323 米 / 秒到 0.55 米 / 秒不等）下低 9.5 倍。海豹的波浪胡须就像装了“减震器”，几乎不受水流涡旋的干扰。
\n这让海豹胡须能清晰捕捉水流速度低至 0.25 毫米每秒的信号，将信噪比（是一个衡量信号质量的指标，定义为有用信号功率与背景噪声功率的比值，通常用分贝（dB）表示。）提高了 2 倍。
\n打造仿生海豹胡须，能应用在哪些领域？
\n故事并未止步，对海豹胡须的研究还在延伸。
\n2015 年，麻省理工学院（MIT）的工程师们用 3D 打印技术复制了海豹胡须的波浪状结构，打造出“人工海豹胡子”传感器。
\n这些胡须用柔性树脂制成，硬度与海豹胡须的角蛋白相仿，既坚韧又弹性十足。为了对比，他们还打印了平滑的圆柱形胡须，模仿加利福尼亚海狮的胡须。当然，人工海豹胡须不负期待，它们以 60%~80%的振动抑制和 1.8~2.2 倍的信噪比，证明了海豹胡须的工程潜力。
\n仿生学通过模仿自然界的精妙设计解决工程难题。海豹胡须的波浪状结构是亿万年进化的结果，兼顾抗振和信号感知。模仿海豹胡须打造出复制品有助于开发出高灵敏、低干扰的传感器，超越传统设备（如声呐）在浑浊水域的局限，有望将其应用于水下机器人、航空甚至医疗领域。
\n想象一下，一台水下机器人，装着波浪状的“人工海豹胡子”，在浑浊的港口里穿梭。港口的水像一锅混汤，充满了泥沙和垃圾，传统的声呐“看不清路”。但这些胡须传感器却像海豹一样，灵敏地“嗅”到了一股微弱的水流——那是泄漏的油污在水里扩散的痕迹，速度只有每秒 0.5 毫米，比蜗牛爬还慢。机器人顺着水流，精准定位到漏油点，误差不到 10 厘米，帮工程师迅速封堵污染，保护了海洋生态。
\n在医院里，医生们用微型波浪状传感器，模仿胡须的抗振和感知能力，将其装在微流控设备上，可以检测血液或体液的流动变化。这些传感器能捕捉到 1 微米的微小扰动，协助医生发现血液里异常的细微信号，比如早期癌症的线索。它们安静又精准，就像海豹在水下“听”鱼儿的低语，给了患者更早的治疗机会。
\n这些应用只是冰山一角。看似科幻，也许在不久的将来就能实现，我们拭目以待。
\n参考文献
\n[1]Dehnhardt G., Mauck B., Hanke W., Bleckmann H. (2001). Hydrodynamic trail following in harbor seals (Phocavitulina). Science 293, 102-104.[
\n2]Hanke W, Witte M, Miersch L, et al. Harbor seal vibrissa morphology suppresses vortex-induced vibrations[J](#). Journal of Experimental Biology, 2010, 213(15): 2665-2672.
\n[3]Zheng X, Kamat A M, Cao M, et al. Creating underwater vision through wavy whiskers: A review of the flow-sensing mechanisms and biomimetic potential of seal whiskers[J](#). Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 2021, 18(183): 20210629.
\n![\"头图\"/](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-576b8e83c579304de9ba170456c14de3_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\")
先说结论：实验和计算都表明，圆头那一半更多！
\n实验
\n针对这个问题，不少网友早已开展了“实证研究”。有网友专门购买了未冷冻状态下的碎冰冰，用剪刀从正中间剪开，再借助带刻度的针管分别抽取尖头和圆头中的液体进行测量。测量结果显示：尖头部分约含 38 ml 液体，而圆头部分则为 40 ml（图 1）， 竟然是圆头的一半更多[1]。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-b06548c47f1f21b1a43b40ba9d358cf4_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
旺旺官方也曾亲自下场“破案”。在旺旺旺仔俱乐部发布的视频中[2]，工作人员将碎冰冰尖头部分的液体倒入圆头容器中，不仅没有出现溢出的现象，甚至还能再装进去一些！这一实操演示似乎再次坐实了“圆头更多”的结论。
\n模型
\n实验方法虽然简单直观，操作性强，但实验结果容易受到灌装误差、剪开位置偏差等不确定因素的影响。为减少这些影响带来的干扰，本答借助几何建模的方法，计算碎冰冰上下两部分的理论体积。
\n碎冰冰整体造型较为简单，可以看成是圆柱、半球、圆台和半球缺的组合。大家对圆柱和半球及其体积计算公式并不陌生，这里先简单介绍一下圆台和半球缺。
\n如图 2 所示，圆台是圆锥被一个平行于底面的平面截去顶端小圆锥后剩下的几何体，其体积可以由上底面半径
\n、下底面半径
\n和高
\n计算得到。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-736da0fcc24cf2cc5b56ae0a91f6b098_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
如图 3 所示，半球缺都是半球被平面截断后剩余的半球球体部分，其体积可以由半球体积减去球帽体积得到[3]。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-47936f2c150cb796af8f4c545db74dd6_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
有了圆台和半球缺的体积计算公式，要计算碎冰冰的体积，还需要知道其尺寸参数。但旺旺官方并未公开碎冰冰外观的具体设计参数，官网和相关资料中也查不到准确的尺寸数据，我们只能退而求其次，手动对实物进行测量，获取碎冰冰的尺寸数据，图 4 为测量得到的各部分长度数据（单位：cm）。根据实际经验，冰冻状态下掰开碎冰冰时，最顶部小把手部分的碎冰冰难以挤出，故其体积忽略不计。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-198ef19f6bdc56bfdefa41cf633cb96b_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
接下来，我们把碎冰冰的上下两部分分别看作由基础几何体组合而成，并通过对各部分体积的求和，计算上下两部分的总体积。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-8c3fbe9320d1ba1561c35dce1a5641da_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
如图 5 左所示，尖头部分
\n可以分解为圆台
\n、圆柱
\n、半球缺
\n，三部分的体积分别为：
\n因此，尖头部分的总体积为：
\n如图 5 右所示，圆头部分
\n可以分解为半球缺
\n、圆柱
\n、半球
\n，三部分的体积分别为：
\n因此，圆头部分的总体积为：
\n通过对尖头和圆头部分的体积计算，不难发现，圆头部分的体积更大，比尖头部分多了约 2.23 cm
\n，约占尖头体积的 6%。两者的体积差异主要来源于上下圆柱部分，尽管尖头的总长度在视觉上更长，但由于其圆柱部分反而较短，导致其容体积相对较小。此外，我们可以计算得出碎冰冰的总体积为 76.78 cm
\n，与官方公布的总体积 78 ml（1 ml = 1 cm
\n）十分接近，从侧面验证了本模型在结构建模与体积估算方面的可靠性。
\n结论
\n本文通过构建几何模型，对经典冷饮产品旺旺碎冰冰的上下两部分体积进行了定量计算。结果显示，圆头部分的体积更大，约比尖头部分多出 6%。这一结论不仅印证了坊间实验的观察结果，也为这场延续多年的“童年争议”提供了科学答案。
\n参考资料
\n[1] 真的困扰我很多年！旺旺碎冰冰到底哪一半更多呢？ 一包忧桑的辣条, 2020: https://www.zhihu.com/question/394015396/answer/1214764235
\n[2] 设计师你说话呀！碎冰冰到底哪头多！旺旺旺仔俱乐部, 2024: https://space.bilibili.com/332632721
\n[3] wikipedia. Spherical cap, 2019.: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_cap
\n![\"头图\"/](\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-9b58be557b3e366d4d89081fcaa126cb_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\")
很多人不知道，嫦娥五号在月球正面“挖土”的时候，本来打算钻一个 2 米深的孔，但打到1 米深的时候，就钻不太动了，继续钻探很可能会导致任务失败，所以钻到 1 米就收工了。
\n嫦娥六号做了技术上的改进和验证，同时其着陆位置的月壤也较厚，钻取难度较低，所以钻取件长度用的是 2.5 米，至少钻到了 2 米深。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-d224ae07976a2352ef0a3bbea4526f26_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
从目前得到的数据来看，月球表面覆盖了一层几厘米到几米不等的宇宙尘埃、陨石残骸等[1]，再加上月球表面岩石在宇宙高能粒子和太阳风的不断撞击、巨大的月球昼夜温差等因素下加速碎化，共同形成了月壤。它们像沙滩的沙石一样，是比较软的。这一表层的下面，才是月球本来的表面。
\n和地球岩石比较
\n和地球类似，不同区域的岩石成分有所不同[2]。
\n月球表面总体上可以分为月海（Mare）和高地（Highland）两大地理单元，月海玄武岩的密度约为 3.365 g/cm³[3][4]，高地斜长岩的密度约为 2.875 g/cm³，另外这两种岩石在遭受持续的陨石撞击后还会产生角砾岩，密度约为 3.040 g/cm³。
\n与之相比，地球表层岩石的平均密度只有 2.7～2.9g/cm³，因此整体来看，月表的岩石要比地球要硬一些，接近上地幔的橄榄石。
\n如果只看月表的那一层尘埃，按照勘测者 3 号的数据，2.5 厘米深度下的密度为 1.6 g/cm³，略高于地球的煤岩。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-215fe012ead894f93ec0e6bd41c40481_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
样本局限性
\n不过，这些数据只是少数采样的结果，样本量远远不够。
\n在嫦娥六号之前，人类在月球进行的 10 次采样都集中在月球正面，其中前 9 次采样更是集中在正面的低纬度地区[5]，其各点连线多边形的面积仅占月球表面的 2.7%[6]，如果算上嫦娥 5 号在中纬度地区的采样点，面积也只有全月面积的 4.4%，不足以覆盖月球上所有的岩石和土壤类型[7]。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-f5aced165b8afeee463485d9340a7e53_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
一句话不看版
\n总结一下，月球表面踩上去的感觉，应该接近粉末和颗粒状的煤渣，而如果想钻几米的洞的话，月表比地球上大部分岩石都要硬。
\n很多人不知道，嫦娥五号在月球正面“挖土”的时候，本来打算钻一个 2 米深的孔，但打到1 米深的时候，就钻不太动了，继续钻探很可能会导致任务失败，所以钻到 1 米就收工了。
\n嫦娥六号做了技术上的改进和验证，同时其着陆位置的月壤也较厚，钻取难度较低，所以钻取件长度用的是 2.5 米，至少钻到了 2 米深。
\n从目前得到的数据来看，月球表面覆盖了一层几厘米到几米不等的宇宙尘埃、陨石残骸等[1]，再加上月球表面岩石在宇宙高能粒子和太阳风的不断撞击、巨大的月球昼夜温差等因素下加速碎化，共同形成了月壤。它们像沙滩的沙石一样，是比较软的。这一表层的下面，才是月球本来的表面。
\n和地球岩石比较
\n和地球类似，不同区域的岩石成分有所不同[2]。
\n月球表面总体上可以分为月海（Mare）和高地（Highland）两大地理单元，月海玄武岩的密度约为 3.365 g/cm³[3][4]，高地斜长岩的密度约为 2.875 g/cm³，另外这两种岩石在遭受持续的陨石撞击后还会产生角砾岩，密度约为 3.040 g/cm³。
\n与之相比，地球表层岩石的平均密度只有 2.7～2.9g/cm³，因此整体来看，月表的岩石要比地球要硬一些，接近上地幔的橄榄石。
\n如果只看月表的那一层尘埃，按照勘测者 3 号的数据，2.5 厘米深度下的密度为 1.6 g/cm³，略高于地球的煤岩。
\n样本局限性
\n不过，这些数据只是少数采样的结果，样本量远远不够。
\n在嫦娥六号之前，人类在月球进行的 10 次采样都集中在月球正面，其中前 9 次采样更是集中在正面的低纬度地区[5]，其各点连线多边形的面积仅占月球表面的 2.7%[6]，如果算上嫦娥 5 号在中纬度地区的采样点，面积也只有全月面积的 4.4%，不足以覆盖月球上所有的岩石和土壤类型[7]。
\n一句话不看版
\n总结一下，月球表面踩上去的感觉，应该接近粉末和颗粒状的煤渣，而如果想钻几米的洞的话，月表比地球上大部分岩石都要硬。
\n![\"头图\"/](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-525501a1610aeb87074c1a6704799d09_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\")
最近我迷上了一款倒水的益智小游戏。游戏里可以看到很多玻璃瓶，每个瓶子有四格，每格有不同颜色的水，把四格同样颜色的水倒到一个瓶子里就可以打包发货。所有的瓶子清空后这局就赢了。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-78376867fa9c8a0250e9ebe2980de853_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
玩了几天我忽然意识到，这不就是消消乐嘛，把三个相同的小动物 / 图案移到一起就可以把这一排消掉。大约十年前我也一度沉迷这款小游戏，一路玩到了 642 关。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-e01e72ae867fc60bdec785bfac20cd07_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
时隔多年，没想到喜欢玩的游戏还是同一款。
\n再一想，我们平时喜欢玩的麻将、扑克、俄罗斯方块等经典游戏，本质上不也都是这样的把两个、三个、四个元素凑对子凑组合的消除类游戏吗？
\n为什么我们总是对这类游戏情有独钟呢？难道人类天生喜欢消消乐这类游戏吗？
\n研究表明，这类兴趣很可能真的根植于我们的基因中。 在原始社会，我们的祖先需要在野外复杂的环境中快速分辨出哪些植物可食、哪些动物危险、天气变化的征兆、追踪猎物踪迹等，都需要强大的模式识别能力。能从背景“噪音”中提取出有意义的“信号”的个体更有可能生存和繁衍。
\n我们的大脑本质上是一个强大的预测机器。它不断接收信息，试图找出其中的规律和模式，以便预测未来、减少不确定性。在消消乐或麻将中，玩家就是在进行实时的模式识别和预测，如“下一张牌会是什么？”，“我这样消除能连上吗？”。
\n混乱和无序的信息会消耗大量的认知资源，让人感到压力和不适。当我们成功地将杂乱无章的元素，如麻将牌、扑克牌、消消乐方块，组织成有序的组合，如三个 A、四个 2、同花顺、三个连消时，大脑瞬间释放了认知负担，产生一种轻松、清晰和掌控感。这是一种内在的心理奖励。
\n著名影星茱莉亚·罗伯茨在一次采访中说，麻将的精髓在于通过随机的抓牌，在混乱中创造秩序，可谓一语中的。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-23ee97072628abdf1b6b05e2f93967a3_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
此外，人类有强烈的“完成欲”或“格式塔闭合”倾向，比如下面这个图案，大脑可以根据残缺不全的图案自动脑补出圆形和三角形。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-2607fea5834b6e9951c8f249a4dd12ed_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
我们倾向于将不完整的模式感知为完整的，并渴望去补全它。消消乐中填满一个缺口，麻将中听牌后胡牌，扑克中凑成一手好牌，都完美地满足了这种“闭合”的冲动，带来强烈的满足感。
\n这类游戏通常规则相对简单，容易上手，但策略深度可以很高，精通难。玩家在挑战中不断获得成功的小奖励，如消除一组，这种持续的、可预测的正反馈循环非常符合大脑的奖赏系统。
\n虽然规则简单，但如何高效地组合、消除、规划路径都提供了不同程度的认知挑战。比如倒水游戏和消消乐游戏中都有可以触发连续消除的设定，会大大增强满足感。
\n总的来说，消消乐、麻将、扑克等经典游戏精准地击中了心理深处的核心需求——在混沌中寻找并创造秩序，从中获得掌控感与愉悦。这种对秩序的偏爱和对模式的敏感，是人类进化赋予我们的生存优势。
\n所以，人类天生喜欢“消消乐”吗？答案或许是：是的。
\n![\"头图\"/](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-1b59db620365bc1dda38d0b8a5992164_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\")
你以为牛天天吃草就能长那么壮，其实它是吃荤的才能长这么壮。牛吃草只是在饲养体内的共生生物们（鞭毛虫、纤毛虫和细菌们）。
\n严格来说牛自身对植物纤维的消化吸收的能力很差，但是它却可以利用胃里的共生微生物们来消化植物，间接吸收植物的营养和消化吸收微生物们。
\n众所周知牛有瘤网瓣皱四个胃，只有最后的皱胃是分泌胃酸有消化能力的胃，也称之为“真胃”，瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃从解剖学来说应该算是食道的一部分，主要作用就是用来发酵草料并饲养鞭毛虫、纤毛虫和其他细菌真菌等微生物。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-2408ce2b6ff8e86bf5a2bbb1c8436586_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
鞭毛虫主要生活在牛的瘤胃和网胃中，纤毛虫主要生活在瘤胃里。牛的瘤胃是弱酸（ph5.5-6.5）、恒温的无氧环境，非常适合这些共生厌氧微生物的生长。
\n鞭毛虫以瘤胃里的细菌、真菌、淀粉和糖为食，并且产生短链脂肪酸给牛提供能量。虽然鞭毛虫不直接分解纤维素但是可以影响纤维素分解菌的活性，优化纤维发酵效率。纤毛虫能分泌纤维素酶，把植物纤维消化分解成糖滋养细菌们，也可以发酵淀粉来减少乳酸堆积，稳定瘤胃的 ph 值。
\n鞭毛虫、纤毛虫和其他细菌们最终会随着食糜一起进入皱胃（真胃）和小肠被消化吸收，给牛提供大量的蛋白质能量。纤毛虫提供的蛋白质约占牛总蛋白摄入的 5-15%，鞭毛虫的贡献通常低于 2%，瘤胃细菌是牛的主要蛋白质来源 60-70%。
\n牛为了获得更多的蛋白质，还进化出了特殊的尿素循环。血液中的尿素 40-70%通过瘤胃胃壁进入瘤胃，还有部分尿素随着唾液进入消化道。瘤胃里的微生物们分泌脲酶将尿素分解并合成蛋白质（可为牛提供约 20-30%的日粮蛋白质）。人类还会特意在成年牛的饲料里面添加尿素，以便牛能获得更多的蛋白质。
\n你以为牛天天吃草就能长那么壮，其实它是吃荤的才能长这么壮。牛吃草只是在饲养体内的共生生物们（鞭毛虫、纤毛虫和细菌们）。
\n严格来说牛自身对植物纤维的消化吸收的能力很差，但是它却可以利用胃里的共生微生物们来消化植物，间接吸收植物的营养和消化吸收微生物们。
\n众所周知牛有瘤网瓣皱四个胃，只有最后的皱胃是分泌胃酸有消化能力的胃，也称之为“真胃”，瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃从解剖学来说应该算是食道的一部分，主要作用就是用来发酵草料并饲养鞭毛虫、纤毛虫和其他细菌真菌等微生物。
\n鞭毛虫主要生活在牛的瘤胃和网胃中，纤毛虫主要生活在瘤胃里。牛的瘤胃是弱酸（ph5.5-6.5）、恒温的无氧环境，非常适合这些共生厌氧微生物的生长。
\n鞭毛虫以瘤胃里的细菌、真菌、淀粉和糖为食，并且产生短链脂肪酸给牛提供能量。虽然鞭毛虫不直接分解纤维素但是可以影响纤维素分解菌的活性，优化纤维发酵效率。纤毛虫能分泌纤维素酶，把植物纤维消化分解成糖滋养细菌们，也可以发酵淀粉来减少乳酸堆积，稳定瘤胃的 ph 值。
\n鞭毛虫、纤毛虫和其他细菌们最终会随着食糜一起进入皱胃（真胃）和小肠被消化吸收，给牛提供大量的蛋白质能量。纤毛虫提供的蛋白质约占牛总蛋白摄入的 5-15%，鞭毛虫的贡献通常低于 2%，瘤胃细菌是牛的主要蛋白质来源 60-70%。
\n牛为了获得更多的蛋白质，还进化出了特殊的尿素循环。血液中的尿素 40-70%通过瘤胃胃壁进入瘤胃，还有部分尿素随着唾液进入消化道。瘤胃里的微生物们分泌脲酶将尿素分解并合成蛋白质（可为牛提供约 20-30%的日粮蛋白质）。人类还会特意在成年牛的饲料里面添加尿素，以便牛能获得更多的蛋白质。
\n![\"头图\"/](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-8898d106ace757f760ec20a7d31b5ea1_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\")
因为休息已经不再是休息了，它变成了一场表演，一种投资，一个不能\"亏\"的“生意”。
\n对，现代人最怕的就是：不知不觉\"亏大了\"。
\n这种体验都不陌生吧：
\n周五下班，累成狗，脑子里只有一个坚定的念头：明天非睡个天昏地暗不可，谁都别想打断我！但当你真的窝在沙发上，刷着手机，看到朋友们的精彩\"周末预告\"：有人去踩点快闪，有人露营徒步，有人去看新展...
\n一种焦虑感蹭就冒上来了：\"所有人都在过'有意义'的周末，就我在浪费时间。\"
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-d7768797e6502a5212324c5d17540c4b_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
休息变成了避免\"损失感\"的竞赛
\n这种休息焦虑，指向的是一种特别难受的损失感，但这不是现代人的专利。
\n上世纪 50 年代，一位看起来不太合群、名叫费斯廷格的心理学家注意到一个现象：人们总是忍不住拿自己和别人比较。他跑去学校食堂蹲点，发现学生们排队打饭时会不自觉地瞄一眼别人盘子里有什么。后来他把这种现象总结为\"社会比较理论\"。
\n但费斯廷格肯定想不到，他观察到的这种比较心理会在社交媒体时代被放大到如此可怕的地步。
\n当所有人都在晒户外活动、旅行照片、精致生活，你会本能地产生一种\"我错过了什么\"的焦虑。每刷到一张别人的精彩假期照片，大脑就会自动计算：这本可以是我的体验，但我错过了。
\n经济学家们管这叫\"机会成本\"，但我更愿意叫它\"朋友圈剥夺感\"。
\n\"要命的是，失去的痛苦远比得到的快乐强烈得多。\"这不是我说的，是那些研究人类非理性行为的行为经济学家发现的。他们给这种现象起了个专业名称——\"损失规避\"，但放在日常生活中，就是\"怕亏\"。
\n想想看，得到 100 块的快乐，远不如失去 100 块的痛苦强烈。这就解释了为什么\"错过一个假期体验\"的焦虑，远大于\"在家舒适休息\"的满足感。
\n所以我们休息不再是为了恢复精力，而是为了避免落后、避免损失。
\n那么懂这些道理，就能躲过去了吗？
\n呵呵，天真。
\n我前段时间熬夜写稿调模型，感冒，嗓子疼得要命，原本打算第二天就纯休息，最多补完《人生切割术》第二季一直拉下的最后两集。结果当天就看到朋友发了某个限时艺术展的照片，标注\"最后一天\"。
\n虽然我确实对那个展很心动，但也意识到自己被“损失感”牵到鼻子了。猜猜我做了什么？明知道这是损失感在作怪，还是拖着病体去\"打卡\"了。整个过程喉咙像被火烧，展览只看了个大概，回家后病情加重（活该）。但至少，朋友在脸书上发的那篇艾特了我的 po 文，证明了我这个周末\"没有浪费\"。
\n我们的休息被扭曲成了一场避免\"损失感\"的竞赛。这种所谓的\"没浪费\"，恰恰是对休息最大的浪费。
\n真·休息的核心要素：自主性和无目的性
\n仔细想象，真正的问题不在于\"宅家还是出门\"，而在于决策的主体是谁。
\n是你的身体和真实需求在做决定，还是社交媒体上的隐形压力？是你真的想去，还是害怕错过？
\n人类有三种基本心理需求：自主感、胜任感和归属感。这些\"自我决定理论\"的三角核心，其实说的是个很简单的道理：当我们的行为由内在动机驱动时，即使累也会觉得值得；而当行为由外部压力驱动时，即使表面看来很\"享受\"也会感到空虚。
\n这就解释了一个现象：为什么有些人假期玩得\"精彩绝伦\"，回来却像被榨干了一样？因为他们的休息没有自主权。
\n哈佛的丹尼尔·吉尔伯特在他一本书中描述过做过的一个实验。他让人们预测各种经历会带给自己多少快乐，然后再追踪他们的实际感受。结果发现人们普遍高估了\"特别体验\"带来的快乐，低估了日常平静时光的价值。
\n我们被训练去追求那些\"值得发朋友圈\"的体验，却忽略了真正让我们感到满足的可能是那些不起眼的安静时刻。
\n划重点！真正的休息有两个核心要素：自主性和无目的性。它不是为了什么，也不是给谁看的。
\n想想小时候在床上看漫画的感觉。没人问\"看漫画有什么价值\"，没人需要把看漫画的照片发到哪里去证明什么，就那么躺着，一会翻个身，看到累了睡觉。那种纯粹的满足感，就来源于完全的自主。
\n\"无所事事\"比你想象的重要
\n休息本身应该无目的性，而假期就是用来享受“无所事事”的。
\n我甚至认为，\"无所事事\"可能是人类作为高等生物最重要的能力之一。但在这个时代，这种观念必然被视为洪水猛兽。
\n大脑里有个系统叫\"默认模式网络\"（DMN）。这名字起得不怎么样，听起来像某种软件设置。但这个系统却是我们最神奇的部分之一。
\n神经科学家马库斯·莱希尔在 2001 年首次描述了这个网络。他原本在研究人类大脑的活跃区域，却意外发现一个奇怪现象：当受试者什么都不做、就是单纯\"放空\"时，大脑中某些区域不但没有停工，反而比平时更活跃。这些区域组成了 DMN，它负责自我参照思考、记忆整合和创造性联想——这些恰恰是创意和洞见产生的关键过程。
\n这一发现深化我们对\"发呆\"的理解：看似无所事事的时刻，大脑实际上在进行着深层次的重要工作。
\n2019 年另一项相关研究进一步证实，强迫人们不断保持\"高效利用时间\"的状态会显著损害创造力和问题解决能力。这解释了为什么我们最好的想法常常出现在淋浴时、散步时或者刚醒来的时候，而不是在紧张工作时。
\n一些被公认的天才，例如爱因斯坦幻想自己骑在光束上旅行时想到了相对论，乔布斯在印度冥想时想到了简约设计理念。他们的共同点是——都允许自己\"浪费时间\"。
\n反而并非天赋异禀的我们，连上厕所都要带着手机，生怕浪费那几分钟就错过了全世界。我们把每分每秒都塞满内容，却不明白为什么创意枯竭、思维僵化。
\n答案也很简单：我们剥夺了大脑\"无所事事\"的权利，也就关闭了通往创造力的大门，同时，顺便关上了好好休息的那扇窗。
\n波兰社会学家鲍曼说得透彻——当代社会把一切都变成了表演和消费，连休闲都不能幸免。我们不是在活着，而是在向别人证明我们活得\"正确\"。
\n多荒谬啊，为了证明自己\"会休息\"，反而让自己更疲惫；为了显示没有\"浪费假期\"，却浪费了真正的休息机会。
\n而这场表演到底给我们换来了什么？几个点赞？几句羡慕？还是真的让自己更快乐、更有活力了？
\n再理性点算一下帐：到底赚了还是亏了？
\n最后想对你说
\n真正的休息像呼吸一样自然，不需要事先计划好每一步，不需要在社交媒体上好看，不需要讲出来显得很酷。
\n休息的价值不在于它能被展示成什么样子，而在于你有没有确定谁是它的主人。想躺三天，就躺三天；中途无聊想出门疯一下，那就改变计划。这些都不需要向谁解释，因为这是你的时间，你的选择。
\n最根本的是：休息是你和身体的私密对话。
\n那些插入这段对话的外部声音——社交媒体、同事的假期炫耀、亲友的期待——都是不速之客。礼貌地请它们出去，收回对话的主导权。
\n而休息之外，敢于在众目睽睽下“无所事事”，或许更是这个时代最稀缺的反叛之一。
\n进入五一长假了，说这么多，就是希望你不再为\"宅在家\"感到愧疚，即使已经稍显“爹味”了。
\n这个假期，祝大家（也包括我自己）能真正休息，而不只是假装休息。祝我们都能从允许自己\"浪费时间\"开始，找到属于自己的休息方式，无论它看起来多么不\"精彩\"。
\n我是鸣戈，FlowTalk 的奶爸，感谢阅读。
\n没想到这篇得到这么多知友的共鸣，有点受宠若惊。
\n这个话题的内涵有很多延伸（例如人生阶段性的时间感知、社交媒体的表演性焦虑等），附上几篇相关的联动阅读给有兴趣的朋友。也欢迎告诉我你的感受！
\n在社交媒体时代，我们是否已经习惯了“被观察”，从而在潜意识里塑造了一个“表演版自我”？当「享受孤独」仿佛成为全民必修课，我们在逃避的本质是什么？还是在寻找更高级的共鸣？在明白什么道理后，你不再焦虑了？如何才能让一个中年人真正的快乐？长大后觉得「时间过得更快」，这种现象是自古有之？还是现代人特有的主观感受？
\nPS：欢迎下方订阅我的专栏「鸣戈说」
\n![\"头图\"/](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-04cdd120d1080d34467d5985eb17d7b7_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\")
你其实是问它会不会淹死，饿死，咸死，被咬死。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-a5a6ac15b8be60bbeee8e44734fc2965_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
更新：文末增加人类野外游泳记录，同时探讨生理表现和限制，供大家作为对比。
\n很多知友十分关心不同动物的游泳表现，我选取了其中一些有代表性的进行了全面比较。放在正文会变得十分冗长，作为延伸阅读附在文末。
\n把一只成年湾鳄投放到太平洋中央，就相当于把一个人丢到撒哈拉沙漠的中心地带——要吃的没吃的，环境条件极不适合生存，而且最要命的是四周都是一望无际的相同景象，完全无法判断方向。
\n让我们用数据来分析这个问题。太平洋中央距离最近的陆地通常超过 2000 公里。即使是体力充沛的成年湾鳄，其游泳速度一般为每小时 2-3 公里，在理想状态下不眠不休地游泳，也需要近一个月才能到达陆地。但这种计算忽略了一个关键问题：能量消耗。
\n根据爬行动物生理学研究，咸水湾鳄在静止漂浮状态下的基础代谢极低，仅为体表面积所决定的热耗率的 1/5 到 1/10。实验数据显示，一只约 200 kg 的鳄鱼静止时代谢功率仅约为 50–70 W（即每小时消耗 43–60 kcal），这是典型的节能状态。而当其进入持续游泳模式时，功率可上升至 400 W 左右，相当于每小时约 344 kcal。
\n若按体重代谢的 0.75 次幂规律推算，一只体重约 500 kg 的雄性湾鳄在持续游泳时的功率约为 800–850 W，即每日能量消耗约为 16,000–20,000 kcal。这一水平虽远低于同体重的哺乳动物，但相比其静息状态，能耗已增长十余倍。例如，成年男性人类在自由泳中平均输出功率为 200–400 W（相当于 170–340 kcal/h），而马或狮子在剧烈奔跑时可达到 1000–1500 W，但难以长时间维持。
\n此外，湾鳄的脂肪储备远不如哺乳动物，通常仅占体重的 5%–8%，即 25–40 kg 脂肪，总能量相当于 225,000–360,000 kcal（按 9 kcal/g 计算）。在上述高强度游动下，这些脂肪最多只能支持 13–22 天，前提是完全禁食、无任何进食补给、恒定环境下持续运动。这一“燃料极限”远比人类、狮子或海洋哺乳类（如海豹、海狮）短，后者拥有更厚的脂肪层与灵活的摄食策略。
\n因此，虽然湾鳄在能效控制方面极其出色，但在高强度长途迁移中若无法及时捕食，其生理耐受极限远比外表“耐饿”的印象要脆弱得多。
\n而且实际情况比这个还要严峻得多。
\n太平洋中央的表层水温通常在 20-25°C，而湾鳄的最适温度是 28-33°C。作为变温动物，低温会导致其代谢率下降约 30-40%，游泳效率也相应降低。更要命的是，湾鳄必须不断游动才能保持在水面呼吸，这种被动的持续运动会加速体力消耗。
\n此外，湾鳄若长时间在海水中活动，尽管具备舌腺排盐功能，但其效率有限，若无法定期返回淡水环境排盐，将面临脱水与电解质失衡的风险，严重时可导致肾功能障碍甚至死亡。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-8467b13e398fae01ff824333ffe9f4dc_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
在体型对比上，湾鳄在海洋中毫无优势可言。成年雄性湾鳄平均体长 4-5 米，体重 300-500 公斤，最大个体可达 7 米、1000 公斤。但在深海中，大白鲨体长可达 6 米，体重超过 2 吨；虎鲨体长 5-6 米，体重可达 900 公斤；而虎鲸更是体长 8-10 米，体重 6-9 吨的庞然大物。更关键的是，这些海洋掠食者都是完全适应深海环境的，拥有流线型身体和强大的游泳能力。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-5fe36617ef618592b9e49295103e24d7_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-04274fa59749f6270da416dbd54cd55f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
湾鳄在浅水区的优势——强大的咬合力（可达 3700 磅 / 平方英寸）、爆发式的死亡翻滚、坚固的骨板保护，在深海环境中都大打折扣。它无法像在浅水区那样利用水底支撑进行爆发攻击，也无法快速潜入水底躲避。相反，体力逐渐耗尽的湾鳄游泳速度会从每小时 3 公里降到 1 公里以下，而大白鲨的巡航速度是每小时 40 公里，爆发速度可达每小时 56 公里。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-abcb36eaede7391d172f7d15e1a6c088_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-302f1767b8df3414fa719e0d611c7478_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
食物获取更是几乎不可能完成的任务。太平洋中央属于海洋荒漠区，初级生产力极低，每平方米每天的浮游植物生产量仅为 0.1-0.2 克碳。这意味着整个食物链的生物量都极其稀少。湾鳄在近海一天可能捕食 10-20 公斤的鱼类，但在深海可能几天都遇不到一条合适的猎物。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-d14937d8ba2e3672aaa8f18ebc8727bb_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
历史上确实有湾鳄长距离迁徙的记录。最著名的案例是 2010 年，一只装有卫星追踪器的雄性湾鳄在 25 天内游了 590 公里，从澳大利亚北部海岸游到了另一个河口。但请注意，这是沿着海岸线游泳，期间可以在多个岛屿和浅滩休息进食。这与在太平洋中央的情况完全不同——那里最近的陆地在 2000 公里之外，中间没有任何休息点。
\n综合计算，一只被投放到太平洋中央的成年湾鳄，在尽量节省体力利用洋流漂浮的前提下，其脂肪储备最多只能支撑 20-25 天。而在这期间，它游泳的距离不会超过 1500 公里，还不到最近陆地距离的四分之三。更可能的情况是，在体力耗尽之前，它就已经成为虎鲨或大白鲨的猎物了。
\n当然有一种可能，湾鳄运气爆棚，遇到了死亡漂浮的鲸鱼尸体饱餐一顿。补充了够消耗几个月的巨量蛋白质。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-3bd2ff4ee43c8896c39831c0a3a53bdc_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-d5c6098bbb5791e8ac95b97c326269e8_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
然后正好遇到一阵海风，美美睡一觉漂到了附近岛屿。
\n延伸阅读：
\n从湾鳄到金枪鱼，动物游泳能力与能量效率的极限对比。
\n不同动物在水中的游泳能力与能量效率体现了演化适应性的巨大差异。从人类、爬行动物、海龟，到鲸豚类和远洋鱼类，它们在单位体重单位距离上所需的能量消耗差距可达数十倍。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-98f71d13b6d65fc9b95bcbd4ac765f5e_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
以人类为例，在自由泳状态下的巡航速度约为 1.0 米每秒（即 3.6 公里每小时），单位质量单位距离的能量消耗约为 3000 焦耳每千克每公里，总能耗为 21 万焦耳，折合 50 千卡，平均功率约 210 瓦，属于效率偏低的“非水生动物”水平。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-baa0d1931c146840a7e1129bea0b6c82_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
相比之下，体重 500 千克的湾鳄虽然能够在水中伏击猎物，但其正常巡航速度约为 0.7 米每秒（2.5 公里每小时），持续游泳时的功率为 800–850 W，折合每公里能量消耗约为 144–150 万焦耳（约 344–358 千卡）。虽然湾鳄作为变温动物代谢率相对较低，但其身体构造并非为长时间持续游泳而优化，因此在大范围水域中的能效表现远逊于真正的海洋动物。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-0469977fd6982f40b1110753602f7ae6_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
值得注意的是，鳄鱼在水中的捕猎爆发速度与其长距离巡航能力完全不同。湾鳄在伏击猎物时可瞬间加速至每秒 4 至 5 米（14 至 18 公里每小时），但这类冲刺依赖瞬时的无氧代谢，仅能维持数秒，远不能支持长时间推进。其心肺容量、血氧携带能力和能量储备均不具备维持高速持续游泳的条件。此外，鳄鱼由于仍需兼顾陆地活动，其体形结构未经过水中长期演化的优化。相比之下，鲸类、鲨鱼等海洋动物拥有流线型外形、减阻皮肤和专业推进系统，使得它们在巡航效率和能量利用方面大幅领先。鳄鱼厚重的躯干、粗糙的鳞甲和以陆行为基础的四肢形态，在深远水域中反而构成了明显的阻力与负担。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-196cae7431a6ff6ed9934d5c6812fe0d_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
绿海龟虽然也是空气呼吸的爬行动物，但由于其流线型身体和鳍状肢更适合长时间水中推进，表现明显优于鳄鱼。其单位能耗约为 2000 焦耳每千克每公里，体重 100 千克的个体每公里总耗能约 20 万焦耳，折合 48 千卡，平均功率约为 140 瓦。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-ba1554559957adc364f61396fa94bec5_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
研究发现，部分绿海龟个体会在繁殖季节从日本南部沿岸游至南太平洋的马绍尔群岛，单程距离超过 7000 公里，历时数月才能抵达目的地。绿海龟具有惊人的\"出生地回归\"（natal homing）能力——它们在性成熟后（通常需要 20-30 年）会返回自己出生的海滩产卵。幼龟孵化后会立即爬向大海，然后进入被称为\"失踪岁月\"的阶段，在开阔洋面随洋流漂流数年，期间依靠马尾藻等漂浮物提供的庇护和食物生存。在这个阶段，大量幼龟会被海鸟、大型鱼类等捕食者吃掉，存活率极低。只有少数幸存者能够逐渐成长，最终发展出强大的游泳能力，完成跨洋迁徙。这种精确而持久的定向迁徙能力依赖其对地磁场的感知、太阳定位和洋流导航的综合机制。尽管绿海龟的游速不高，约为每小时 2 至 3 公里，但其在食物匮乏、无补给的广阔洋面中仍能维持能量平衡，展现了极高的水中推进效率和适应性。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-3baea535e4d2aa8aebede104485782ba_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
海洋哺乳动物如象海豹在长期迁徙中的表现极为优异。体重达 2 吨的象海豹巡航速度为 1.0 米每秒（3.6 公里每小时），单位能耗约为 1000 焦耳每千克每公里，每公里总耗能 200 万焦耳，折合 478 千卡，平均功率 2000 瓦，能在一个潜水周期中维持几十分钟的稳定推进。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-f6040f7046bd2314a0acd8f25407ba11_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
象海豹的远洋迁徙能力令人震撼——北象海豹每年进行两次大规模洄游，雄性个体可从加州繁殖地出发，向北游至阿拉斯加湾觅食，往返距离超过 2.1 万公里，在海上连续停留长达 8 个月而不上岸。雌性则倾向于向西北太平洋深海区域迁徙，单程可达 5000 公里。更惊人的是它们的深潜能力：象海豹平均潜水深度为 500-600 米，最深记录达 2388 米，单次潜水时长可达 120 分钟，一天之内潜水时间占比高达 90%。在迁徙过程中，象海豹采用\"漂移潜水\"策略——下潜至 600-800 米深度后关闭主动推进，利用体内脂肪的正浮力缓慢上升，期间进入半睡眠状态以极度节省能量。这种独特的\"水下睡眠\"使它们能够在完全不上岸的情况下，维持数月的远洋生活。卫星追踪数据显示，一些个体在 8 个月的觅食期内游程超过 1.8 万公里，日均移动 80 公里，展现了惊人的耐力。
\n更小型的海豚（200 千克）在 2.0 米每秒（7.2 公里每小时）的速度下，单位能耗约为 800 焦耳每千克每公里，每公里总耗能为 16 万焦耳（38 千卡），平均功率为 320 瓦，效率远胜多数非哺乳类水生动物。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-65b51437ab4d273ef34eb3cb5fd41d48_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-ce4427feaa19aa4b2d6f6fcf56f59ff3_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
海豚还进化出了多种行为策略来进一步优化能效。在集体游泳时，海豚会采用梯队编队，后方个体可以利用前方同伴产生的涡流和压力波，减少约 10-15%的能量消耗，类似于自行车比赛中的\"破风\"效应。当速度超过每秒 4-5 米时，海豚会采用\"跃水前进\"（porpoising）的方式——周期性跃出水面在空中滑翔。由于空气密度仅为水的 1/800，这种策略在高速移动时可显著降低总体阻力。研究表明，在每小时 25 公里以上的速度下，跃水前进比持续潜游可节省高达 30%的能量。这些精妙的行为适应，配合其流线型身体和高效的尾鳍推进系统，使海豚成为海洋中最高效的游泳者之一。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-2ff67acee1f1274b0a41eb194659da41_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
鲸类中如抹香鲸，尽管体重高达 30 吨，但由于使用升力推进并具备高度组织化的代谢控制，其单位能耗控制在 600 焦耳每千克每公里，巡航速度约为 1.4 米每秒（5 公里每小时）时，总功率维持在约 2.5 万瓦级别，展现了大型哺乳动物在能量调控上的极限优势。
\n在鱼类中，金枪鱼，鲨鱼是能效最高的游泳者。体重 200 千克的金枪鱼可维持 2.5 米每秒（9 公里每小时）的速度，单位能耗约 400 焦耳每千克每公里，每公里总耗能 8 万焦耳（19 千卡），平均功率 200 瓦，推进效率极高。而大白鲨（1000 千克）巡航速度约 1.8 米每秒（6.5 公里每小时），单位能耗约为 500 焦耳每千克每公里，每公里总耗能 50 万焦耳（119 千卡），功率为 900 瓦，属于高效的远洋掠食者。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-ffd6a64a5f51e62e789914662758b791_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
金枪鱼是海洋中最具远洋迁徙能力的硬骨鱼类之一，其高速与耐力兼备的特性使其能在全球范围内穿梭。以蓝鳍金枪鱼为例，个体在短短几个月内可完成从日本海域至加利福尼亚沿岸的横跨太平洋之旅，单程超过 8000 公里。标记追踪数据显示，部分金枪鱼个体年迁徙总距离甚至可突破 2 万公里，期间多次穿越赤道、洋流与温跃层。金枪鱼具备高效的“恒温机制”，能将肌肉维持在较环境温度更高的状态，从而保持高代谢率和持续高速游泳能力。此外，其镰刀状尾鳍和刚性身体结构极度优化了推进效率，使其在高达每小时 70 公里的爆发速度之外，也能以每秒 2–3 米的速度长时间巡航。这种卓越的迁徙能力使金枪鱼在能量效率和海洋扩散能力上远超大多数鱼类和哺乳动物。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-d63a0a9eaace4a18c2480cc277eade67_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
大白鲨不仅是海洋顶级掠食者，其远洋迁徙能力也同样令人惊叹。标记研究表明，个体可在短时间内完成跨洋移动，2004 年一项追踪数据显示，一只成年雌性大白鲨从南非出发，穿越整个印度洋，到达澳大利亚西海岸，仅用 99 天游完超过 1.1 万公里，平均每天游程超过 110 公里。另一项研究则发现，美国加州附近的大白鲨每年会前往被称为“白鲨咖啡馆”的中太平洋深海区域，并在繁殖季后返回，来回航程超过 7000 公里。大白鲨通过强大的尾鳍推进和高效的红肌系统，实现了稳定的远洋巡航，其平均速度约为每小时 5 至 6 公里，短时间内甚至能加速至 40 公里每小时以上。其特殊的局部恒温机制和良好的水动力学结构，使其成为极少数能在全球大洋中长距离洄游的鲨鱼物种之一。
\n最后，还有短距离速度最快也是很多人喜欢的剑鱼类。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-1a9f0c63c3618df17df8ac81b86de243_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
剑鱼（Xiphias gladius）是典型的远洋性掠食者，具备强大的迁徙能力与卓越的环境适应性。追踪研究表明，个体剑鱼可在 620 天内迁徙超过 14,000 公里，日均净位移超过 60 公里，常穿越加州寒流系统、墨西哥沿岸甚至更远的东太平洋热带水域。剑鱼的典型巡航速度为每秒 0.8 至 1.2 米（约 2.9 至 4.3 公里每小时），可在数日甚至数周内维持这种低速推进完成跨区域迁徙。它们常通过“停留–突进–停留”的方式调整节律，结合高频潜水行为，有效适应不同深度和温度的水层环境。尽管如此，这种巡航策略偏向节能与等待伏击，不属于高速高频率推进的类型。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-2eeacdb728f2810dfb109ecd52448ba1_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
相比之下，金枪鱼，尤其是黄鳍金枪鱼（Thunnus albacares）与蓝鳍金枪鱼（Thunnus orientalis），展现出更高效、更持续的巡航能力。它们拥有区域性温血系统，能主动维持肌肉温度高于周围海水，从而维持红肌活性与高速代谢，在体能恢复与长距离推进方面远超冷血鱼类。金枪鱼的巡航速度常维持在 1.5 至 2.5 米每秒（5.4 至 9 公里每小时），远高于剑鱼；其尾柄结构刚性极强、鳍可收纳进体侧、体型更为流线，推动效率极高。此外，金枪鱼常以几百到上千公里的直线方式推进，迁徙路径清晰而迅速，展示出典型的“高速远洋巡航选手”特征。因此，尽管剑鱼具备强大的爆发力与广域分布能力，但在长距离迁徙的速度与效率方面，仍明显逊于金枪鱼这样的远洋高速掠食者。
\n从整体趋势来看，不同动物在水中的能量效率构成了一个清晰的适应梯度：从能效最高的远洋鱼类如金枪鱼（单位能耗 400 J/kg/km），到高效的小型鲸类（海豚为 800）、大型哺乳动物（象海豹为 1000），再到适应性稍弱的海龟（2000），最后是效率最低的人类与湾鳄（均高于 2500），这一梯度直接反映了它们对水生环境的演化适应水平。
\n对于湾鳄而言，尽管拥有惊人的爆发力和耐盐能力，但面对深海这种需要长时间稳定推进的环境，其能量结构和体能仍显得极不经济。
\n另外再附上一张图：
\n表中数据来源于多项实验室流水槽测试（例如 Brett and Glass, 1973；Fish, 1998），所使用的临界游泳速度（U₍crit₎）指标反映的是动物在逐步递增流速下所能维持的最高稳定推进速度，常用于评估其长时间抗疲劳游动能力。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-87c952b75921c2f056303dbd60c308e7_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
正文里我给出 2.5m/ 秒，已经尽量高估湾鳄的巡航游泳速度了。该实验中湾鳄体长较小，最大 97.9cm。成年湾鳄主要是力量和爆发力大幅增长，实际长距离游泳能力增加并不大。
\n湾鳄（Crocodylus porosus）的 U₍crit₎为 0.5–0.7 体长每秒，绝对速度为 25.6–50.6 厘米每秒（即 0.26–0.51 米 / 秒，0.9–1.8 公里 / 小时），属所有测试物种中最低水平，反映其主要依赖爆发力而非持续推进。
\n相比之下，虎鲸（Orcinus orca）的 U₍crit₎为 1.5 体长 / 秒，绝对速度达到 7.91 米 / 秒（28.5 公里 / 小时），表现出海洋哺乳类极高的推进效率与耐力。
\n虎鲸数据过于强悍，考虑它的体型，等于是海洋中的 bug。基本是神挡杀神，佛挡杀佛。
\n湾鳄在大洋要是遇到，只要虎鲸想吃，绝对打不过逃不了。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-062121a30bfa24239ab33489baf0686e_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
另外表中伪虎鲸的数据也很强悍。仅仅稍弱于虎鲸。
\n伪虎鲸（Pseudorca crassidens）体长一般为 4.5~6 米，体重可达 1.2~2.2 吨，是体型仅次于虎鲸的大型高速海豚之一。
\n虽然名字中带“虎鲸”，但实际上与虎鲸属于不同属。伪虎鲸具备惊人的游泳能力，稳定巡航速度高达每秒 3.7 至 5.1 米（13 至 18 公里每小时），爆发时甚至更快，使其能够在开阔海域追击高速猎物。
\n它们不仅以乌贼、章鱼为食，更被多次观察到集体猎捕金枪鱼、箭鱼等远洋高速鱼类，展现出卓越的力量、耐力和协同能力。这种能力不仅反映了其流线型体型和强劲推进肌群的高效率，也表明它在远洋生态系统中是一个真正意义上的高速掠食者。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-c3ce9989f5031fd1a77b21044a356b72_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
而斑马鱼（Danio rerio）虽体长仅 4.4 厘米，但其 U₍crit₎高达 15.5 体长 / 秒，绝对速度为 0.56 米 / 秒（2.0 公里 / 小时）*，显示出小型硬骨鱼类在短距离持续推进中的惊人效率。
\n* 尽管绝对速度并不高，但因其体型极小，相对速度在所有物种中最高。
\n它们之间的差异不仅体现出体型与代谢策略的不同，也反映了水生适应度在形态与能量调控机制上的演化差异。
\n在水的边界：人类野外游泳能力的极限挑战
\n人类虽然不是天生的水生动物，但在特定条件下展现出了惊人的野外游泳能力。
\n从体能、意志、技巧和后勤支持等多方面配合之下，一些人完成了长距离开放水域游泳的壮举，刷新了关于人类生理极限的认知。然而，这种能力存在着明确的物理和生理边界，特别是在低温、洋流、缺乏补给或极端心理压力的情况下，人的表现会迅速下降，甚至危及生命。
\n在有组织、有后勤保障的条件下，人类的野外游泳能力已经达到了惊人的程度。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-4bcf5f7952259ac1591f3e0f743f80cb_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
2007 年，斯洛文尼亚游泳家马丁·斯特雷尔（Martin Strel）在 66 天内横渡了亚马逊河，总长度达 5268 公里，平均每日游约 80 公里，期间依靠船只补给和医疗团队的支持。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-596351065322ca63c731cdcf30047b5b_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
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他每天游约 10 小时，并面临水中生物、污染、高温湿热等问题。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-23fcbd40016697387f9846d606f05484_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
这项壮举是目前人类已知最长的连续远距离游泳记录，也是对耐力、生理调节与心理意志的极限挑战。
\n他的心率与血压全天监测，同时医生需要定期评估他的皮肤状况、肌肉状态与脱水风险。类似的纪录还有萨拉·托马斯（Sarah Thomas）于 2019 年完成的英吉利海峡四次往返，总长 215 公里，历时 54 小时，她在癌症治疗后完成该挑战，展现了人类意志和恢复能力的极限。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-1fc1909a3505e1c177767c47c66336ff_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-ef8bc8cae688149c7c1e2d5b7ac91c78_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
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从游泳速度来看，普通自由泳者在平静水域中的巡航速度约为每秒 1.0 至 1.5 米。专业选手可稳定维持在 1.6 至 1.7 米每秒的速度，短距离爆发力更高，但不适用于超长距离游泳。
\n2017 年研究指出，顶级开放水域游泳运动员在比赛中可维持约 VO₂max 的 80%至 90%，乳酸阈值可达 3.5 至 4.0 mmol/L，最大有氧速度（MAS）在 1.7 m/s 左右。这些指标说明了他们具备较高的有氧能力与乳酸清除效率，适合长时间保持高强度运动状态。在 2024 年一项对法国国家队精英选手的研究中，VO₂max 平均为 70.8 ml/kg/min，心率峰值约 190 次每分钟，运动时乳酸峰值可达 9.1 mmol/L。他们可在 17°C 的水温中维持长时间运动，有些选手甚至在水温 10°C 的条件下表现出体温平衡的能力。
\n然而，人类并非水生动物，生理结构在水中并不具备显著优势。水的热传导效率约为空气的 25 倍，因此在水温低于 35°C 时人体便开始散热。在 25°C 以下的水温中，游泳反而会加速体温的下降。多数开放水域赛事规定 14°C 以下必须穿防寒衣，在 11°C 以下不推荐举行比赛。在 10°C 至 15°C 之间，人进入水中会产生典型的“冷休克反应”*，包括突然喘气、心率激增、无法自主呼吸等，这些反应在前 30 秒最为剧烈，是非训练人群最危险的阶段。即使顶级选手，若未进行低温适应训练，也会在短时间内失去节奏与控制能力。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-37246196d31f41e9817b4833f7986301_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
* 尽管许多冬泳者能在低于 10°C 的水温中活动数分钟，看似并未出现严重的“冷休克反应”，但这实际上是长期适应训练的结果，而非生理反应的缺失。然而，冬泳的潜在风险常被公众忽视甚至美化。冷水会引发强烈的交感神经兴奋，导致心率骤增、血压升高，对于心血管疾病患者极为危险。每年全球各地都有因冬泳突发昏厥、心律失常甚至死亡的案例，尤其在老年人群体中尤为明显。相比之下，专业野外冷水游泳对身体状况、心理控制与后勤支持的要求更为严苛，而冬泳作为一种短时、可控的冷水暴露方式，常被误解为“人人可行”的健康行为，其背后的生理风险往往被严重低估。
\n对比冷水，热水同样存在生理风险。当水温高于 31°C 时，人体会因为外部辐射（如阳光照射）叠加导致热负荷增加。在高温水体中，汗液无法蒸发，皮肤血流量剧增，造成心血管系统压力上升。如果再叠加脱水与高强度运动，容易导致核心温度升高至 39.5°C 以上，进而出现热衰竭或热射病。在 2010 年代中后期的国际铁人三项比赛中，已有多起选手在高温水域中昏厥或出现热射病的案例。
\n另一个常被忽视的生理极限是体位转换引发的低血压。在冷水或长时间运动中，血液集中在核心与脑部，站立上岸时由于失去水的浮力支持与冷缩反应的中止，容易发生晕厥。这种现象在超长距离游泳后期较为常见，尤其是当选手脱下防寒服、快速走动时，最容易出现头晕或意识短暂丧失。
\n除体温调节外，能量供应是限制人类游泳距离的重要因素。
\n以游泳每小时消耗 500 至 900 千卡计算，若连续游泳 10 小时将消耗约 5000 至 9000 千卡。而人体的糖原储备仅能维持 1.5 至 2 小时的中等强度运动，之后必须依赖脂肪供能或外部补给。在马丁·斯特雷尔的亚马逊长游中，他每日摄入高达 12000 千卡 *，包括高脂肪、高蛋白与液态碳水化合物，以维持能量与电解质平衡。
\n*12000 千卡是一个令人震撼的能量摄入量，相当于需要消耗约 10.4 公斤熟米饭、77 个鸡蛋、4.8 公斤瘦牛肉，或者一整条 15 公斤的金枪鱼的可食部分。这个数字也可以理解为 6 公斤三文鱼、8 公斤高脂带鱼，或三至四条鲤鱼的总热量。如果用日常食物组合来衡量，这相当于 3 公斤米饭加 1 公斤牛肉加 20 个鸡蛋再加大量油脂的总和，基本等于一个成年人正常 3 至 4 天的全部食物摄入量被压缩到一天之内完成消耗。这样的数字清楚地解释了为什么马丁·斯特雷尔在亚马逊长游中必须依赖专业营养团队和定制的液态高能食品，因为普通固体食物不仅能量密度低，更难在运动中被及时吸收，更何况高强度游泳本身就会抑制胃肠功能，使进食变得异常困难。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-3e5b4322101ed6d869bc0052e94042ec_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
这也进一步说明了后勤的不可替代性，野生海洋哺乳动物和鱼类在迁徙的时候，绝对不可能有这样的保障。必须自己捕食补充体力或者依赖自身储备的脂肪，也就不可能像人类一般按照完全理想化的速度迁徙。必须不停中断，捕食休息等等。所以实际表现出来的平均速度要比想象的慢很多。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-8bc2fbea90886b5aa887d7ccd39253c2_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
若没有补给，人体在长时间游泳中会迅速陷入低血糖状态，出现注意力下降、肌肉无力甚至昏迷。
\n精神层面同样是不可忽视的因素。孤独、单调、缺乏刺激的水面环境容易造成感知失调与方向迷失，严重时会出现“水中幻觉”与妄想。在英吉利海峡与古巴 - 佛州横渡中，多位游泳者曾报告夜间幻听、看见幻象、方向丧失等现象。尤其是在夜间或大雾天气，缺乏可见参照物会导致选手产生“原地打转”或“水中无底洞”的感受 *。心理压力叠加生理疲劳，往往是失败的主要原因。
\n* 没有先天原生的根据地磁，太阳等的导航能力，是包括人类，湾鳄在内，真正面对开放水域的致命弱点之一。
\n另一方面，海洋环境的不确定性也为人类野外游泳能力设置了极限。洋流、水母、鲨鱼、污染、浪涌等均可能导致挑战失败或生命危险。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-2a026e9bd422b35afc7f0e9e74804f19_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
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在某些挑战中，如横渡夏威夷莫洛凯海峡或日本津轻海峡，游泳者需面对高达 2 米的浪与不可预测的洋流，每小时能将人拉离预定航道数公里。许多纪录挑战失败并非源于体能或意志，而是因气象突变、水流变化等自然因素。即使像斯特雷尔这样的长泳者也因水母蛰伤、强流或皮肤严重发炎被迫中断部分旅程。
\n人类能否依靠自身完全在海洋中生存？答案是否定的。尽管人在有保障的情况下可游数百公里，但完全依靠体力与水中食物的情况下，维持超过两天的高强度游泳几乎不可能实现。水中无法快速取食、睡眠难以维持，极易脱水与体温下降。此外，海水中的盐分摄入会引发胃肠不适与电解质紊乱，加剧体力流失。因此，“持续无限游泳”是一种理论上的假想，人类终将受到生理调控与环境因素的双重限制。
\n我们来看一个具体的例子。
\n2023 年，一艘满载 101 名塞内加尔男子的木制移民船从姆布尔港出发，试图穿越近 1500 公里的海路前往西班牙属地加那利群岛。这是一条被称为“非洲向欧洲的死亡航线”的路线，海况恶劣且几乎无任何援助。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-dabc39e4e7a73d94d54305ad4b64c0b8_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
这艘船在出发不久便因燃料耗尽、方向偏移，逐渐漂离航道，陷入彻底失控状态。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-abbe9a1d8809cd6546d43f1c90e1534c_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
第 10 天以后，船上食物和水几乎耗尽，船体也开始解体，太阳暴晒、水源匮乏与夜晚寒冷迅速压垮了他们的身体。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-417dae9f5dfef69371a29944a4f2060b_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
许多人开始出现严重脱水、幻觉和精神错乱，有些人因幻视跳入大海溺亡，有人因饥饿昏迷后死去，他们的遗体被推入海中或被海浪卷走。整个船舱内弥漫着绝望的哭喊和尸体腐臭。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-0822d688b85253ffaabb27462e355bbd_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
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这起事件非常明确的证明，在开放大洋中，没有任何形式的船体或浮具支持，人类几乎不可能在水中生存超过一天。36 天的存活完全依赖于破船作为遮蔽、漂浮与收集雨水的平台。失去它，无论是游泳者还是受困者，都将在短时间内因失温、脱水或体力耗尽而丧生。
\n总结而言，人类的野外游泳能力远超常人想象，但必须建立在科学训练、后勤支持、医疗保障与良好心理状态的基础上。最极限的记录也多依赖补给、医疗和环境适配的高度配合。
\n即使如此，人类在面对自然水域时仍然处于弱势，真正的极限并不在“游多远”，而在“生存多久”。从冷水震荡、能量耗竭、心血管崩溃，到心理崩解与自然风险，人类的野外游泳壮举虽令人惊叹，却也处处揭示着生物边界的存在。
\n对于每一次壮举，背后都是技术、医疗、意志与环境的一次极端博弈，而人的极限，始终在向自然挑战中得到重新定义。
\n最后，再补充一个人类借助最低限度的工具，横渡太平洋的例子。
\n2022 年 8 月 8 日，澳大利亚女性米歇尔·李（Michelle Lee）从墨西哥恩塞纳达出发，驾驶一艘长 7.7 米、重约 800 公斤的碳纤维划艇，开始她的太平洋单人横渡之旅。全程无补给、无动力推进，仅靠人力划行，总计耗时 237 天，横跨约 14,000 公里（约 7,560 海里），最终于 2023 年 4 月 5 日抵达澳大利亚昆士兰州的道格拉斯港。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-315306e82aef4b29913e2267150cbf3b_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
旅途中，她面对了 5 次飓风、4 次热带气旋以及长达数月的高温与洋流挑战，每天划行 6 至 10 小时，平均每日行进约 60 公里。
\n她的真实平均推进速度约为 1.7 至 2.8 米每秒，或 6 至 10 千米每小时。这个速度与海龟、金枪鱼等动物在长途迁徙中的实际巡航速度相当，进一步说明在极端耐力挑战中，不论人类还是动物，其日均推进效率最终都受到能量分配、环境阻力与生理恢复的共同约束。
\n短时间的极速爆发能力，完全不能转换成这种超长距离下的真实速度。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-3ded1c66b0d166bfbf3ec2f79e52ae2e_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
她携带的食物为脱水餐和高能量营养棒，并通过太阳能装置维持淡水转换与通讯设备运行。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-39726395e79c86bc1437d28ab0540f20_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
这是人类历史上首次由女性独自完成从美洲大陆到澳大利亚本土的纯人力跨太平洋划行，也是对人类耐力、生理调节与精神韧性的极限挑战之一。
\n![\"\"](\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-5dccafb7bff81505ca33e838d7303064_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
引用参考：
\nElsworth, P. G., Seebacher, F., & Franklin, C. E. (2003). Sustained swimming performance in crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus): Effects of body size and temperature. Journal of Herpetology, 37(3), 363–368. https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2003)037[0363:SSPICC]2.0.CO;2
\nSepulveda, C. A., Aalbers, S. A., Kinney, M. J., Kohin, S., Dewar, H., & Ortega-Garcia, S. (2019). Insights into the horizontal movements, migration patterns and stock affiliation of California swordfish. Fisheries Oceanography, 29(1), 56–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/fog.12461
\nFish, F. E. (1994). Influence of hydrodynamic design and propulsive mode on mammalian swimming energetics. Australian Journal of Zoology, 42(1), 79–101. https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO9940079
\nWilliams, T. M. (1999). The evolution of cost efficient swimming in marine mammals: Limits to energetic optimization. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 354(1380), 193–201. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0371
\nPrange, H. D. (1976). Energetics of swimming of a sea turtle. Journal of Experimental Biology, 64(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.64.1.1
\n延伸阅读：
\nWoldaregay, A. Z., Walderhaug, S., & Hartvigsen, G. (2017). Telemedicine services for the Arctic: A systematic review. JMIR Medical Informatics, 5(2), e16. https://doi.org/10.2196/medinform.6323
\nTing, L., & Wilkes, M. (2021). Telemedicine for patient management on expeditions in remote and austere environments: A systematic review. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, 32(1), 102–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2020.09.009
\nBaldassarre, R., Bonifazi, M., Zamparo, P., & Piacentini, M. F. (2017). Characteristics and challenges of open-water swimming performance: A review. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(10), 1275–1284. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0230
\nPla, R., Raineteau, Y., Barbier, X., & Aubry, A. (2024). Physiological key determinants of elite open-water swimmers. Physiologia, 4(3), 305–316. https://doi.org/10.3390/physiologia4030018
\n你其实是问它会不会淹死，饿死，咸死，被咬死。
\n更新：文末增加人类野外游泳记录，同时探讨生理表现和限制，供大家作为对比。
\n很多知友十分关心不同动物的游泳表现，我选取了其中一些有代表性的进行了全面比较。放在正文会变得十分冗长，作为延伸阅读附在文末。
\n把一只成年湾鳄投放到太平洋中央，就相当于把一个人丢到撒哈拉沙漠的中心地带——要吃的没吃的，环境条件极不适合生存，而且最要命的是四周都是一望无际的相同景象，完全无法判断方向。
\n让我们用数据来分析这个问题。太平洋中央距离最近的陆地通常超过 2000 公里。即使是体力充沛的成年湾鳄，其游泳速度一般为每小时 2-3 公里，在理想状态下不眠不休地游泳，也需要近一个月才能到达陆地。但这种计算忽略了一个关键问题：能量消耗。
\n根据爬行动物生理学研究，咸水湾鳄在静止漂浮状态下的基础代谢极低，仅为体表面积所决定的热耗率的 1/5 到 1/10。实验数据显示，一只约 200 kg 的鳄鱼静止时代谢功率仅约为 50–70 W（即每小时消耗 43–60 kcal），这是典型的节能状态。而当其进入持续游泳模式时，功率可上升至 400 W 左右，相当于每小时约 344 kcal。
\n若按体重代谢的 0.75 次幂规律推算，一只体重约 500 kg 的雄性湾鳄在持续游泳时的功率约为 800–850 W，即每日能量消耗约为 16,000–20,000 kcal。这一水平虽远低于同体重的哺乳动物，但相比其静息状态，能耗已增长十余倍。例如，成年男性人类在自由泳中平均输出功率为 200–400 W（相当于 170–340 kcal/h），而马或狮子在剧烈奔跑时可达到 1000–1500 W，但难以长时间维持。
\n此外，湾鳄的脂肪储备远不如哺乳动物，通常仅占体重的 5%–8%，即 25–40 kg 脂肪，总能量相当于 225,000–360,000 kcal（按 9 kcal/g 计算）。在上述高强度游动下，这些脂肪最多只能支持 13–22 天，前提是完全禁食、无任何进食补给、恒定环境下持续运动。这一“燃料极限”远比人类、狮子或海洋哺乳类（如海豹、海狮）短，后者拥有更厚的脂肪层与灵活的摄食策略。
\n因此，虽然湾鳄在能效控制方面极其出色，但在高强度长途迁移中若无法及时捕食，其生理耐受极限远比外表“耐饿”的印象要脆弱得多。
\n而且实际情况比这个还要严峻得多。
\n太平洋中央的表层水温通常在 20-25°C，而湾鳄的最适温度是 28-33°C。作为变温动物，低温会导致其代谢率下降约 30-40%，游泳效率也相应降低。更要命的是，湾鳄必须不断游动才能保持在水面呼吸，这种被动的持续运动会加速体力消耗。
\n此外，湾鳄若长时间在海水中活动，尽管具备舌腺排盐功能，但其效率有限，若无法定期返回淡水环境排盐，将面临脱水与电解质失衡的风险，严重时可导致肾功能障碍甚至死亡。
\n在体型对比上，湾鳄在海洋中毫无优势可言。成年雄性湾鳄平均体长 4-5 米，体重 300-500 公斤，最大个体可达 7 米、1000 公斤。但在深海中，大白鲨体长可达 6 米，体重超过 2 吨；虎鲨体长 5-6 米，体重可达 900 公斤；而虎鲸更是体长 8-10 米，体重 6-9 吨的庞然大物。更关键的是，这些海洋掠食者都是完全适应深海环境的，拥有流线型身体和强大的游泳能力。
\n湾鳄在浅水区的优势——强大的咬合力（可达 3700 磅 / 平方英寸）、爆发式的死亡翻滚、坚固的骨板保护，在深海环境中都大打折扣。它无法像在浅水区那样利用水底支撑进行爆发攻击，也无法快速潜入水底躲避。相反，体力逐渐耗尽的湾鳄游泳速度会从每小时 3 公里降到 1 公里以下，而大白鲨的巡航速度是每小时 40 公里，爆发速度可达每小时 56 公里。
\n食物获取更是几乎不可能完成的任务。太平洋中央属于海洋荒漠区，初级生产力极低，每平方米每天的浮游植物生产量仅为 0.1-0.2 克碳。这意味着整个食物链的生物量都极其稀少。湾鳄在近海一天可能捕食 10-20 公斤的鱼类，但在深海可能几天都遇不到一条合适的猎物。
\n历史上确实有湾鳄长距离迁徙的记录。最著名的案例是 2010 年，一只装有卫星追踪器的雄性湾鳄在 25 天内游了 590 公里，从澳大利亚北部海岸游到了另一个河口。但请注意，这是沿着海岸线游泳，期间可以在多个岛屿和浅滩休息进食。这与在太平洋中央的情况完全不同——那里最近的陆地在 2000 公里之外，中间没有任何休息点。
\n综合计算，一只被投放到太平洋中央的成年湾鳄，在尽量节省体力利用洋流漂浮的前提下，其脂肪储备最多只能支撑 20-25 天。而在这期间，它游泳的距离不会超过 1500 公里，还不到最近陆地距离的四分之三。更可能的情况是，在体力耗尽之前，它就已经成为虎鲨或大白鲨的猎物了。
\n当然有一种可能，湾鳄运气爆棚，遇到了死亡漂浮的鲸鱼尸体饱餐一顿。补充了够消耗几个月的巨量蛋白质。
\n然后正好遇到一阵海风，美美睡一觉漂到了附近岛屿。
\n延伸阅读：
\n从湾鳄到金枪鱼，动物游泳能力与能量效率的极限对比。
\n不同动物在水中的游泳能力与能量效率体现了演化适应性的巨大差异。从人类、爬行动物、海龟，到鲸豚类和远洋鱼类，它们在单位体重单位距离上所需的能量消耗差距可达数十倍。
\n以人类为例，在自由泳状态下的巡航速度约为 1.0 米每秒（即 3.6 公里每小时），单位质量单位距离的能量消耗约为 3000 焦耳每千克每公里，总能耗为 21 万焦耳，折合 50 千卡，平均功率约 210 瓦，属于效率偏低的“非水生动物”水平。
\n相比之下，体重 500 千克的湾鳄虽然能够在水中伏击猎物，但其正常巡航速度约为 0.7 米每秒（2.5 公里每小时），持续游泳时的功率为 800–850 W，折合每公里能量消耗约为 144–150 万焦耳（约 344–358 千卡）。虽然湾鳄作为变温动物代谢率相对较低，但其身体构造并非为长时间持续游泳而优化，因此在大范围水域中的能效表现远逊于真正的海洋动物。
\n值得注意的是，鳄鱼在水中的捕猎爆发速度与其长距离巡航能力完全不同。湾鳄在伏击猎物时可瞬间加速至每秒 4 至 5 米（14 至 18 公里每小时），但这类冲刺依赖瞬时的无氧代谢，仅能维持数秒，远不能支持长时间推进。其心肺容量、血氧携带能力和能量储备均不具备维持高速持续游泳的条件。此外，鳄鱼由于仍需兼顾陆地活动，其体形结构未经过水中长期演化的优化。相比之下，鲸类、鲨鱼等海洋动物拥有流线型外形、减阻皮肤和专业推进系统，使得它们在巡航效率和能量利用方面大幅领先。鳄鱼厚重的躯干、粗糙的鳞甲和以陆行为基础的四肢形态，在深远水域中反而构成了明显的阻力与负担。
\n绿海龟虽然也是空气呼吸的爬行动物，但由于其流线型身体和鳍状肢更适合长时间水中推进，表现明显优于鳄鱼。其单位能耗约为 2000 焦耳每千克每公里，体重 100 千克的个体每公里总耗能约 20 万焦耳，折合 48 千卡，平均功率约为 140 瓦。
\n研究发现，部分绿海龟个体会在繁殖季节从日本南部沿岸游至南太平洋的马绍尔群岛，单程距离超过 7000 公里，历时数月才能抵达目的地。绿海龟具有惊人的\"出生地回归\"（natal homing）能力——它们在性成熟后（通常需要 20-30 年）会返回自己出生的海滩产卵。幼龟孵化后会立即爬向大海，然后进入被称为\"失踪岁月\"的阶段，在开阔洋面随洋流漂流数年，期间依靠马尾藻等漂浮物提供的庇护和食物生存。在这个阶段，大量幼龟会被海鸟、大型鱼类等捕食者吃掉，存活率极低。只有少数幸存者能够逐渐成长，最终发展出强大的游泳能力，完成跨洋迁徙。这种精确而持久的定向迁徙能力依赖其对地磁场的感知、太阳定位和洋流导航的综合机制。尽管绿海龟的游速不高，约为每小时 2 至 3 公里，但其在食物匮乏、无补给的广阔洋面中仍能维持能量平衡，展现了极高的水中推进效率和适应性。
\n海洋哺乳动物如象海豹在长期迁徙中的表现极为优异。体重达 2 吨的象海豹巡航速度为 1.0 米每秒（3.6 公里每小时），单位能耗约为 1000 焦耳每千克每公里，每公里总耗能 200 万焦耳，折合 478 千卡，平均功率 2000 瓦，能在一个潜水周期中维持几十分钟的稳定推进。
\n象海豹的远洋迁徙能力令人震撼——北象海豹每年进行两次大规模洄游，雄性个体可从加州繁殖地出发，向北游至阿拉斯加湾觅食，往返距离超过 2.1 万公里，在海上连续停留长达 8 个月而不上岸。雌性则倾向于向西北太平洋深海区域迁徙，单程可达 5000 公里。更惊人的是它们的深潜能力：象海豹平均潜水深度为 500-600 米，最深记录达 2388 米，单次潜水时长可达 120 分钟，一天之内潜水时间占比高达 90%。在迁徙过程中，象海豹采用\"漂移潜水\"策略——下潜至 600-800 米深度后关闭主动推进，利用体内脂肪的正浮力缓慢上升，期间进入半睡眠状态以极度节省能量。这种独特的\"水下睡眠\"使它们能够在完全不上岸的情况下，维持数月的远洋生活。卫星追踪数据显示，一些个体在 8 个月的觅食期内游程超过 1.8 万公里，日均移动 80 公里，展现了惊人的耐力。
\n更小型的海豚（200 千克）在 2.0 米每秒（7.2 公里每小时）的速度下，单位能耗约为 800 焦耳每千克每公里，每公里总耗能为 16 万焦耳（38 千卡），平均功率为 320 瓦，效率远胜多数非哺乳类水生动物。
\n海豚还进化出了多种行为策略来进一步优化能效。在集体游泳时，海豚会采用梯队编队，后方个体可以利用前方同伴产生的涡流和压力波，减少约 10-15%的能量消耗，类似于自行车比赛中的\"破风\"效应。当速度超过每秒 4-5 米时，海豚会采用\"跃水前进\"（porpoising）的方式——周期性跃出水面在空中滑翔。由于空气密度仅为水的 1/800，这种策略在高速移动时可显著降低总体阻力。研究表明，在每小时 25 公里以上的速度下，跃水前进比持续潜游可节省高达 30%的能量。这些精妙的行为适应，配合其流线型身体和高效的尾鳍推进系统，使海豚成为海洋中最高效的游泳者之一。
\n鲸类中如抹香鲸，尽管体重高达 30 吨，但由于使用升力推进并具备高度组织化的代谢控制，其单位能耗控制在 600 焦耳每千克每公里，巡航速度约为 1.4 米每秒（5 公里每小时）时，总功率维持在约 2.5 万瓦级别，展现了大型哺乳动物在能量调控上的极限优势。
\n在鱼类中，金枪鱼，鲨鱼是能效最高的游泳者。体重 200 千克的金枪鱼可维持 2.5 米每秒（9 公里每小时）的速度，单位能耗约 400 焦耳每千克每公里，每公里总耗能 8 万焦耳（19 千卡），平均功率 200 瓦，推进效率极高。而大白鲨（1000 千克）巡航速度约 1.8 米每秒（6.5 公里每小时），单位能耗约为 500 焦耳每千克每公里，每公里总耗能 50 万焦耳（119 千卡），功率为 900 瓦，属于高效的远洋掠食者。
\n金枪鱼是海洋中最具远洋迁徙能力的硬骨鱼类之一，其高速与耐力兼备的特性使其能在全球范围内穿梭。以蓝鳍金枪鱼为例，个体在短短几个月内可完成从日本海域至加利福尼亚沿岸的横跨太平洋之旅，单程超过 8000 公里。标记追踪数据显示，部分金枪鱼个体年迁徙总距离甚至可突破 2 万公里，期间多次穿越赤道、洋流与温跃层。金枪鱼具备高效的“恒温机制”，能将肌肉维持在较环境温度更高的状态，从而保持高代谢率和持续高速游泳能力。此外，其镰刀状尾鳍和刚性身体结构极度优化了推进效率，使其在高达每小时 70 公里的爆发速度之外，也能以每秒 2–3 米的速度长时间巡航。这种卓越的迁徙能力使金枪鱼在能量效率和海洋扩散能力上远超大多数鱼类和哺乳动物。
\n大白鲨不仅是海洋顶级掠食者，其远洋迁徙能力也同样令人惊叹。标记研究表明，个体可在短时间内完成跨洋移动，2004 年一项追踪数据显示，一只成年雌性大白鲨从南非出发，穿越整个印度洋，到达澳大利亚西海岸，仅用 99 天游完超过 1.1 万公里，平均每天游程超过 110 公里。另一项研究则发现，美国加州附近的大白鲨每年会前往被称为“白鲨咖啡馆”的中太平洋深海区域，并在繁殖季后返回，来回航程超过 7000 公里。大白鲨通过强大的尾鳍推进和高效的红肌系统，实现了稳定的远洋巡航，其平均速度约为每小时 5 至 6 公里，短时间内甚至能加速至 40 公里每小时以上。其特殊的局部恒温机制和良好的水动力学结构，使其成为极少数能在全球大洋中长距离洄游的鲨鱼物种之一。
\n最后，还有短距离速度最快也是很多人喜欢的剑鱼类。
\n剑鱼（Xiphias gladius）是典型的远洋性掠食者，具备强大的迁徙能力与卓越的环境适应性。追踪研究表明，个体剑鱼可在 620 天内迁徙超过 14,000 公里，日均净位移超过 60 公里，常穿越加州寒流系统、墨西哥沿岸甚至更远的东太平洋热带水域。剑鱼的典型巡航速度为每秒 0.8 至 1.2 米（约 2.9 至 4.3 公里每小时），可在数日甚至数周内维持这种低速推进完成跨区域迁徙。它们常通过“停留–突进–停留”的方式调整节律，结合高频潜水行为，有效适应不同深度和温度的水层环境。尽管如此，这种巡航策略偏向节能与等待伏击，不属于高速高频率推进的类型。
\n相比之下，金枪鱼，尤其是黄鳍金枪鱼（Thunnus albacares）与蓝鳍金枪鱼（Thunnus orientalis），展现出更高效、更持续的巡航能力。它们拥有区域性温血系统，能主动维持肌肉温度高于周围海水，从而维持红肌活性与高速代谢，在体能恢复与长距离推进方面远超冷血鱼类。金枪鱼的巡航速度常维持在 1.5 至 2.5 米每秒（5.4 至 9 公里每小时），远高于剑鱼；其尾柄结构刚性极强、鳍可收纳进体侧、体型更为流线，推动效率极高。此外，金枪鱼常以几百到上千公里的直线方式推进，迁徙路径清晰而迅速，展示出典型的“高速远洋巡航选手”特征。因此，尽管剑鱼具备强大的爆发力与广域分布能力，但在长距离迁徙的速度与效率方面，仍明显逊于金枪鱼这样的远洋高速掠食者。
\n从整体趋势来看，不同动物在水中的能量效率构成了一个清晰的适应梯度：从能效最高的远洋鱼类如金枪鱼（单位能耗 400 J/kg/km），到高效的小型鲸类（海豚为 800）、大型哺乳动物（象海豹为 1000），再到适应性稍弱的海龟（2000），最后是效率最低的人类与湾鳄（均高于 2500），这一梯度直接反映了它们对水生环境的演化适应水平。
\n对于湾鳄而言，尽管拥有惊人的爆发力和耐盐能力，但面对深海这种需要长时间稳定推进的环境，其能量结构和体能仍显得极不经济。
\n另外再附上一张图：
\n表中数据来源于多项实验室流水槽测试（例如 Brett and Glass, 1973；Fish, 1998），所使用的临界游泳速度（U₍crit₎）指标反映的是动物在逐步递增流速下所能维持的最高稳定推进速度，常用于评估其长时间抗疲劳游动能力。
\n正文里我给出 2.5m/ 秒，已经尽量高估湾鳄的巡航游泳速度了。该实验中湾鳄体长较小，最大 97.9cm。成年湾鳄主要是力量和爆发力大幅增长，实际长距离游泳能力增加并不大。
\n湾鳄（Crocodylus porosus）的 U₍crit₎为 0.5–0.7 体长每秒，绝对速度为 25.6–50.6 厘米每秒（即 0.26–0.51 米 / 秒，0.9–1.8 公里 / 小时），属所有测试物种中最低水平，反映其主要依赖爆发力而非持续推进。
\n相比之下，虎鲸（Orcinus orca）的 U₍crit₎为 1.5 体长 / 秒，绝对速度达到 7.91 米 / 秒（28.5 公里 / 小时），表现出海洋哺乳类极高的推进效率与耐力。
\n虎鲸数据过于强悍，考虑它的体型，等于是海洋中的 bug。基本是神挡杀神，佛挡杀佛。
\n湾鳄在大洋要是遇到，只要虎鲸想吃，绝对打不过逃不了。
\n另外表中伪虎鲸的数据也很强悍。仅仅稍弱于虎鲸。
\n伪虎鲸（Pseudorca crassidens）体长一般为 4.5~6 米，体重可达 1.2~2.2 吨，是体型仅次于虎鲸的大型高速海豚之一。
\n虽然名字中带“虎鲸”，但实际上与虎鲸属于不同属。伪虎鲸具备惊人的游泳能力，稳定巡航速度高达每秒 3.7 至 5.1 米（13 至 18 公里每小时），爆发时甚至更快，使其能够在开阔海域追击高速猎物。
\n它们不仅以乌贼、章鱼为食，更被多次观察到集体猎捕金枪鱼、箭鱼等远洋高速鱼类，展现出卓越的力量、耐力和协同能力。这种能力不仅反映了其流线型体型和强劲推进肌群的高效率，也表明它在远洋生态系统中是一个真正意义上的高速掠食者。
\n而斑马鱼（Danio rerio）虽体长仅 4.4 厘米，但其 U₍crit₎高达 15.5 体长 / 秒，绝对速度为 0.56 米 / 秒（2.0 公里 / 小时）*，显示出小型硬骨鱼类在短距离持续推进中的惊人效率。
\n* 尽管绝对速度并不高，但因其体型极小，相对速度在所有物种中最高。
\n它们之间的差异不仅体现出体型与代谢策略的不同，也反映了水生适应度在形态与能量调控机制上的演化差异。
\n在水的边界：人类野外游泳能力的极限挑战
\n人类虽然不是天生的水生动物，但在特定条件下展现出了惊人的野外游泳能力。
\n从体能、意志、技巧和后勤支持等多方面配合之下，一些人完成了长距离开放水域游泳的壮举，刷新了关于人类生理极限的认知。然而，这种能力存在着明确的物理和生理边界，特别是在低温、洋流、缺乏补给或极端心理压力的情况下，人的表现会迅速下降，甚至危及生命。
\n在有组织、有后勤保障的条件下，人类的野外游泳能力已经达到了惊人的程度。
\n2007 年，斯洛文尼亚游泳家马丁·斯特雷尔（Martin Strel）在 66 天内横渡了亚马逊河，总长度达 5268 公里，平均每日游约 80 公里，期间依靠船只补给和医疗团队的支持。
\n他每天游约 10 小时，并面临水中生物、污染、高温湿热等问题。
\n这项壮举是目前人类已知最长的连续远距离游泳记录，也是对耐力、生理调节与心理意志的极限挑战。
\n他的心率与血压全天监测，同时医生需要定期评估他的皮肤状况、肌肉状态与脱水风险。类似的纪录还有萨拉·托马斯（Sarah Thomas）于 2019 年完成的英吉利海峡四次往返，总长 215 公里，历时 54 小时，她在癌症治疗后完成该挑战，展现了人类意志和恢复能力的极限。
\n从游泳速度来看，普通自由泳者在平静水域中的巡航速度约为每秒 1.0 至 1.5 米。专业选手可稳定维持在 1.6 至 1.7 米每秒的速度，短距离爆发力更高，但不适用于超长距离游泳。
\n2017 年研究指出，顶级开放水域游泳运动员在比赛中可维持约 VO₂max 的 80%至 90%，乳酸阈值可达 3.5 至 4.0 mmol/L，最大有氧速度（MAS）在 1.7 m/s 左右。这些指标说明了他们具备较高的有氧能力与乳酸清除效率，适合长时间保持高强度运动状态。在 2024 年一项对法国国家队精英选手的研究中，VO₂max 平均为 70.8 ml/kg/min，心率峰值约 190 次每分钟，运动时乳酸峰值可达 9.1 mmol/L。他们可在 17°C 的水温中维持长时间运动，有些选手甚至在水温 10°C 的条件下表现出体温平衡的能力。
\n然而，人类并非水生动物，生理结构在水中并不具备显著优势。水的热传导效率约为空气的 25 倍，因此在水温低于 35°C 时人体便开始散热。在 25°C 以下的水温中，游泳反而会加速体温的下降。多数开放水域赛事规定 14°C 以下必须穿防寒衣，在 11°C 以下不推荐举行比赛。在 10°C 至 15°C 之间，人进入水中会产生典型的“冷休克反应”*，包括突然喘气、心率激增、无法自主呼吸等，这些反应在前 30 秒最为剧烈，是非训练人群最危险的阶段。即使顶级选手，若未进行低温适应训练，也会在短时间内失去节奏与控制能力。
\n* 尽管许多冬泳者能在低于 10°C 的水温中活动数分钟，看似并未出现严重的“冷休克反应”，但这实际上是长期适应训练的结果，而非生理反应的缺失。然而，冬泳的潜在风险常被公众忽视甚至美化。冷水会引发强烈的交感神经兴奋，导致心率骤增、血压升高，对于心血管疾病患者极为危险。每年全球各地都有因冬泳突发昏厥、心律失常甚至死亡的案例，尤其在老年人群体中尤为明显。相比之下，专业野外冷水游泳对身体状况、心理控制与后勤支持的要求更为严苛，而冬泳作为一种短时、可控的冷水暴露方式，常被误解为“人人可行”的健康行为，其背后的生理风险往往被严重低估。
\n对比冷水，热水同样存在生理风险。当水温高于 31°C 时，人体会因为外部辐射（如阳光照射）叠加导致热负荷增加。在高温水体中，汗液无法蒸发，皮肤血流量剧增，造成心血管系统压力上升。如果再叠加脱水与高强度运动，容易导致核心温度升高至 39.5°C 以上，进而出现热衰竭或热射病。在 2010 年代中后期的国际铁人三项比赛中，已有多起选手在高温水域中昏厥或出现热射病的案例。
\n另一个常被忽视的生理极限是体位转换引发的低血压。在冷水或长时间运动中，血液集中在核心与脑部，站立上岸时由于失去水的浮力支持与冷缩反应的中止，容易发生晕厥。这种现象在超长距离游泳后期较为常见，尤其是当选手脱下防寒服、快速走动时，最容易出现头晕或意识短暂丧失。
\n除体温调节外，能量供应是限制人类游泳距离的重要因素。
\n以游泳每小时消耗 500 至 900 千卡计算，若连续游泳 10 小时将消耗约 5000 至 9000 千卡。而人体的糖原储备仅能维持 1.5 至 2 小时的中等强度运动，之后必须依赖脂肪供能或外部补给。在马丁·斯特雷尔的亚马逊长游中，他每日摄入高达 12000 千卡 *，包括高脂肪、高蛋白与液态碳水化合物，以维持能量与电解质平衡。
\n*12000 千卡是一个令人震撼的能量摄入量，相当于需要消耗约 10.4 公斤熟米饭、77 个鸡蛋、4.8 公斤瘦牛肉，或者一整条 15 公斤的金枪鱼的可食部分。这个数字也可以理解为 6 公斤三文鱼、8 公斤高脂带鱼，或三至四条鲤鱼的总热量。如果用日常食物组合来衡量，这相当于 3 公斤米饭加 1 公斤牛肉加 20 个鸡蛋再加大量油脂的总和，基本等于一个成年人正常 3 至 4 天的全部食物摄入量被压缩到一天之内完成消耗。这样的数字清楚地解释了为什么马丁·斯特雷尔在亚马逊长游中必须依赖专业营养团队和定制的液态高能食品，因为普通固体食物不仅能量密度低，更难在运动中被及时吸收，更何况高强度游泳本身就会抑制胃肠功能，使进食变得异常困难。
\n这也进一步说明了后勤的不可替代性，野生海洋哺乳动物和鱼类在迁徙的时候，绝对不可能有这样的保障。必须自己捕食补充体力或者依赖自身储备的脂肪，也就不可能像人类一般按照完全理想化的速度迁徙。必须不停中断，捕食休息等等。所以实际表现出来的平均速度要比想象的慢很多。
\n若没有补给，人体在长时间游泳中会迅速陷入低血糖状态，出现注意力下降、肌肉无力甚至昏迷。
\n精神层面同样是不可忽视的因素。孤独、单调、缺乏刺激的水面环境容易造成感知失调与方向迷失，严重时会出现“水中幻觉”与妄想。在英吉利海峡与古巴 - 佛州横渡中，多位游泳者曾报告夜间幻听、看见幻象、方向丧失等现象。尤其是在夜间或大雾天气，缺乏可见参照物会导致选手产生“原地打转”或“水中无底洞”的感受 *。心理压力叠加生理疲劳，往往是失败的主要原因。
\n* 没有先天原生的根据地磁，太阳等的导航能力，是包括人类，湾鳄在内，真正面对开放水域的致命弱点之一。
\n另一方面，海洋环境的不确定性也为人类野外游泳能力设置了极限。洋流、水母、鲨鱼、污染、浪涌等均可能导致挑战失败或生命危险。
\n在某些挑战中，如横渡夏威夷莫洛凯海峡或日本津轻海峡，游泳者需面对高达 2 米的浪与不可预测的洋流，每小时能将人拉离预定航道数公里。许多纪录挑战失败并非源于体能或意志，而是因气象突变、水流变化等自然因素。即使像斯特雷尔这样的长泳者也因水母蛰伤、强流或皮肤严重发炎被迫中断部分旅程。
\n人类能否依靠自身完全在海洋中生存？答案是否定的。尽管人在有保障的情况下可游数百公里，但完全依靠体力与水中食物的情况下，维持超过两天的高强度游泳几乎不可能实现。水中无法快速取食、睡眠难以维持，极易脱水与体温下降。此外，海水中的盐分摄入会引发胃肠不适与电解质紊乱，加剧体力流失。因此，“持续无限游泳”是一种理论上的假想，人类终将受到生理调控与环境因素的双重限制。
\n我们来看一个具体的例子。
\n2023 年，一艘满载 101 名塞内加尔男子的木制移民船从姆布尔港出发，试图穿越近 1500 公里的海路前往西班牙属地加那利群岛。这是一条被称为“非洲向欧洲的死亡航线”的路线，海况恶劣且几乎无任何援助。
\n这艘船在出发不久便因燃料耗尽、方向偏移，逐渐漂离航道，陷入彻底失控状态。
\n第 10 天以后，船上食物和水几乎耗尽，船体也开始解体，太阳暴晒、水源匮乏与夜晚寒冷迅速压垮了他们的身体。
\n许多人开始出现严重脱水、幻觉和精神错乱，有些人因幻视跳入大海溺亡，有人因饥饿昏迷后死去，他们的遗体被推入海中或被海浪卷走。整个船舱内弥漫着绝望的哭喊和尸体腐臭。
\n这起事件非常明确的证明，在开放大洋中，没有任何形式的船体或浮具支持，人类几乎不可能在水中生存超过一天。36 天的存活完全依赖于破船作为遮蔽、漂浮与收集雨水的平台。失去它，无论是游泳者还是受困者，都将在短时间内因失温、脱水或体力耗尽而丧生。
\n总结而言，人类的野外游泳能力远超常人想象，但必须建立在科学训练、后勤支持、医疗保障与良好心理状态的基础上。最极限的记录也多依赖补给、医疗和环境适配的高度配合。
\n即使如此，人类在面对自然水域时仍然处于弱势，真正的极限并不在“游多远”，而在“生存多久”。从冷水震荡、能量耗竭、心血管崩溃，到心理崩解与自然风险，人类的野外游泳壮举虽令人惊叹，却也处处揭示着生物边界的存在。
\n对于每一次壮举，背后都是技术、医疗、意志与环境的一次极端博弈，而人的极限，始终在向自然挑战中得到重新定义。
\n最后，再补充一个人类借助最低限度的工具，横渡太平洋的例子。
\n2022 年 8 月 8 日，澳大利亚女性米歇尔·李（Michelle Lee）从墨西哥恩塞纳达出发，驾驶一艘长 7.7 米、重约 800 公斤的碳纤维划艇，开始她的太平洋单人横渡之旅。全程无补给、无动力推进，仅靠人力划行，总计耗时 237 天，横跨约 14,000 公里（约 7,560 海里），最终于 2023 年 4 月 5 日抵达澳大利亚昆士兰州的道格拉斯港。
\n旅途中，她面对了 5 次飓风、4 次热带气旋以及长达数月的高温与洋流挑战，每天划行 6 至 10 小时，平均每日行进约 60 公里。
\n她的真实平均推进速度约为 1.7 至 2.8 米每秒，或 6 至 10 千米每小时。这个速度与海龟、金枪鱼等动物在长途迁徙中的实际巡航速度相当，进一步说明在极端耐力挑战中，不论人类还是动物，其日均推进效率最终都受到能量分配、环境阻力与生理恢复的共同约束。
\n短时间的极速爆发能力，完全不能转换成这种超长距离下的真实速度。
\n她携带的食物为脱水餐和高能量营养棒，并通过太阳能装置维持淡水转换与通讯设备运行。
\n这是人类历史上首次由女性独自完成从美洲大陆到澳大利亚本土的纯人力跨太平洋划行，也是对人类耐力、生理调节与精神韧性的极限挑战之一。
\n引用参考：
\nElsworth, P. G., Seebacher, F., & Franklin, C. E. (2003). Sustained swimming performance in crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus): Effects of body size and temperature. Journal of Herpetology, 37(3), 363–368. https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2003)037[0363:SSPICC]2.0.CO;2
\nSepulveda, C. A., Aalbers, S. A., Kinney, M. J., Kohin, S., Dewar, H., & Ortega-Garcia, S. (2019). Insights into the horizontal movements, migration patterns and stock affiliation of California swordfish. Fisheries Oceanography, 29(1), 56–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/fog.12461
\nFish, F. E. (1994). Influence of hydrodynamic design and propulsive mode on mammalian swimming energetics. Australian Journal of Zoology, 42(1), 79–101. https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO9940079
\nWilliams, T. M. (1999). The evolution of cost efficient swimming in marine mammals: Limits to energetic optimization. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 354(1380), 193–201. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0371
\nPrange, H. D. (1976). Energetics of swimming of a sea turtle. Journal of Experimental Biology, 64(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.64.1.1
\n延伸阅读：
\nWoldaregay, A. Z., Walderhaug, S., & Hartvigsen, G. (2017). Telemedicine services for the Arctic: A systematic review. JMIR Medical Informatics, 5(2), e16. https://doi.org/10.2196/medinform.6323
\nTing, L., & Wilkes, M. (2021). Telemedicine for patient management on expeditions in remote and austere environments: A systematic review. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, 32(1), 102–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2020.09.009
\nBaldassarre, R., Bonifazi, M., Zamparo, P., & Piacentini, M. F. (2017). Characteristics and challenges of open-water swimming performance: A review. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(10), 1275–1284. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0230
\nPla, R., Raineteau, Y., Barbier, X., & Aubry, A. (2024). Physiological key determinants of elite open-water swimmers. Physiologia, 4(3), 305–316. https://doi.org/10.3390/physiologia4030018
\nMicrosoft 365 内部博客发布了一篇名为《使用 Excel 中的 COPILOT 函数将 AI 引入公式》的文章，介绍了 Windows 和 Mac 中 Microsoft Excel 新的 COPILOT() 函数，可以在 Excel 中直接使用自然语言来整理数据、汇总反馈、分类信息。该功能目前正向 Beta 频道的 Microsoft 365 Copilot 用户推出。@Appinn
\n\n\n\n![\"Excel](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-08-20T161245.257.jpg\" "\\"Excel")
![\"图片\"](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK5sbRbqWpNPCUYibIYbC7RFRAHn32PAWbKDIM6A4MkicYHOWIR0Hy6iamToAdrvvPDeu5T15EKXjC1Fg/640?wx_fmt=png\")
COPILOT() 函数COPILOT 函数与现有 Excel 函数兼容。它既可以在 IF、SWITCH、LAMBDA 或 WRAPROWS 等公式中使用，也可以将其他公式的结果用作其提示的一部分。
\n\n\n\n比如下面这个例子：读取 E3 国家名称后，列出主要机场的机场代码，修改国家名称后，机场代码也随之变化。
\n\n\n\n在 D5 输入下面的公式：
\n\n\n\n=COPILOT(列出主要机场的机场代码, E3)\n然后在 E3 输入国家名称，就好了。
\n\n\n\n具体来说：
\n\n\n\n=COPILOT(prompt_part1, [context1], [prompt_part2], [context2], …)
\n\n\n\nCOPILOT 函数语法具有以下参数：
\n\n\n\n激发灵感：无论您是在策划营销活动还是设计新产品功能，COPILOT 函数都能让您轻松直接在 Excel 表格中进行头脑风暴。需要一组基于产品描述的 SEO 关键词？想要重写信息以提升清晰度或改变语气？
COPILOT 也可以处理这个问题。
生成摘要：COPILOT 函数可以将大量数据或长段落提炼为简洁的叙述，突出趋势，或为复杂的计算生成通俗易懂的语言解释。
\n\n\n\n当您需要将冗长的背景材料转换为简洁、适合观众的内容时，这对于报告尤其有价值。
\n\n\n\n分类数据：您可以使用 COPILOT 函数直接在电子表格中对文本数据（例如客户反馈、支持票证或调查回复）进行分类，而不必将数据导出到另一个工具进行标记或情感分析。
\n\n\n\n创建列表或表格：COPILOT 函数可以生成与您的模型无缝契合的数据列表和表格。
\n\n\n\n无论您是构建用于测试公式的快速数据集、汇编行业示例列表还是起草项目计划大纲，该函数都可以返回直接溢出到网格中的多行、多列输出。
\n\n\n\n原文：https://www.appinn.com/excel-copilot-function/
\n\n\n\n也不知道以后的 Excel 大赛要不要邀请 COPILOT 参加。
\nOpenAI 刚刚发布了廉价版 ChatGPT Go，可以访问 GPT-5、拥有图片生成、更多上传、高级分析、更长的记忆，售价 ₹399/月（印度卢比），折合人民币 32.93 元，4.58 美金。@Appinn
\n\n\n\n是的，目前仅针对印度开放。
\n\n\n\n![\"OpenAI](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-08-20T122308.471.jpg\" "\\"OpenAI")
感谢 窝法乙烷 大佬的推荐。
\n\n\n\nOpenAI 在今天早上（2025年8月20日）发布了《What is ChatGPT Go》的文章里，介绍了这个印度专属版本：
\n\n\n\nChatGPT Go 是一种新的低成本订阅计划，可以以实惠的价格提供对 ChatGPT 最受欢迎的功能的扩展访问。
\n\n\n\n免费计划中包含的所有内容，以及：
\n\n\n\nChatGPT Go 每月 399 卢比，包括更多的 GPT-5 消息、图像生成和文件上传等多模态工具以及更长的内存ChatGPT Plus 每月 1,999 卢比，包含对思维模型和传统模型（例如 4o）的扩展访问权限，以及深度研究、代理模式和 Sora 视频创作等高级工具。
\n\n\n\nChatGPT Go 中的 GPT-5 会在你提问后自动决定何时使用其思考（推理）模式。如果它没有自动使用思考模式，或者你希望它对答案进行更长时间的思考，你可以随时通过选择 “重试… ”图标并选择 “再思考” 来重新生成答案。
\n\n\n\n原文：https://www.appinn.com/openai-chatgpt-go/
\nOpenAI 刚刚发布了廉价版 ChatGPT Go，可以访问 GPT-5、拥有图片生成、更多上传、高级分析、更长的记忆，售价 ₹399/月（印度卢比），折合人民币 32.93 元，4.58 美金。@Appinn
\n\n\n\n是的，目前仅针对印度开放。
\n\n\n\n感谢 窝法乙烷 大佬的推荐。
\n\n\n\nOpenAI 在今天早上（2025年8月20日）发布了《What is ChatGPT Go》的文章里，介绍了这个印度专属版本：
\n\n\n\nChatGPT Go 是一种新的低成本订阅计划，可以以实惠的价格提供对 ChatGPT 最受欢迎的功能的扩展访问。
\n\n\n\n免费计划中包含的所有内容，以及：
\n\n\n\nChatGPT Go 每月 399 卢比，包括更多的 GPT-5 消息、图像生成和文件上传等多模态工具以及更长的内存ChatGPT Plus 每月 1,999 卢比，包含对思维模型和传统模型（例如 4o）的扩展访问权限，以及深度研究、代理模式和 Sora 视频创作等高级工具。
\n\n\n\nChatGPT Go 中的 GPT-5 会在你提问后自动决定何时使用其思考（推理）模式。如果它没有自动使用思考模式，或者你希望它对答案进行更长时间的思考，你可以随时通过选择 “重试… ”图标并选择 “再思考” 来重新生成答案。
\n\n\n\n原文：https://www.appinn.com/openai-chatgpt-go/
\n![\"Linux](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-08-20T111754.500.jpg\" "\\"Linux")
前天晚上，可能是这个地球上最著名的开源项目 Linux，在 GitHub 上（才）获得了第 20 万颗星星，堪称历史性的一刻：
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n![\"Linux](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Screen-20250819003225@2x.avif\" "\\"Linux")
感谢 vlad 同学分享，但是他也没给 Linux 加星星：
\n\n\n\n![\"Linux](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Screen-20250819170402@2x.avif\" "\\"Linux")
实际上，青小蛙也没点 ![\"😂\"](\"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/16.0.1/72x72/1f602.png\")
毕竟没事也不会去研究 Linux kernel（Linux 内核）
那么问题来了：
\n\n\n\n这里，有一个故事：
\n\n\n\n名叫小青蛙的小男孩在一个被遗忘的旧仓库里，他发现了一个惊人的秘密：一架沉睡的巨型机器人。
\n\n\n\n它静静地矗立在尘埃之中，金属外壳闪烁着微光，充满了神秘的力量。小青蛙的心跳开始加速，他知道，他的冒险即将开始。
\n\n\n![\"Linux](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Screen-20250819171109@2x-1.avif\" "\\"Linux")
在驾驶舱里，小启找到了一个布满灰尘的终端（还记得终端是什么吗？）。他吹掉灰尘，手指在键盘上飞舞，输入了一条启动命令。
\n\n\n\n原文：https://www.appinn.com/what-is-linux-kernel/
\n\n\n\n瞬间，机器人胸口的核心发出柔和而有力的光芒，一个由光线组成的半透明人形出现在小启面前。
\n\n\n![\"Linux](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Screen-20250819171200@2x-1.avif\" "\\"Linux")
“你好，小青蛙”那个全息人说道，“我叫 Linus，是这个机器人的向导。你刚刚唤醒的，是它的核心，也是它的大脑——我们称之为‘内核’。在机器人苏醒的瞬间，内核是第一个醒来的部分，它将负责唤醒其他所有的一切。”
\n\n\n![\"Linux](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Screen-20250819171303@2x-1.avif\" "\\"Linux")
Linus 解释说：“内核醒来后的第一项工作，就是进行一次全面的‘点名’。它会检查机器人的每一个部件：手臂（USB端口）、眼睛（摄像头）、耳朵（麦克风）和腿（网卡），确保它们都已准备就绪，并且工作正常。”
\n\n\n\n“接下来，内核必须管理好机器人的精力和思考空间，” Linus 继续说，“它就像一个高效的交通指挥官，精确地分配着机器人的能量（CPU时间），并为每一个即将运行的任务（进程）安排好专属的‘停车位’（内存）。”
\n\n\n![\"Linux](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Screen-20250819171350@2x.avif\" "\\"Linux")
小青蛙问：“那机器人怎么才能画画或者播放音乐呢？” Linus 回答：“那些是‘程序’。内核就是一座至关重要的桥梁，它能将你通过程序下达的指令，准确无误地传递给机器人的身体硬件，让它去执行。”
\n\n\n\n“但这个内核是独一无二的，”Linus 自豪地说（因为是他创造了它），“它是一个‘Linux’内核。这意味着，它的大脑设计图纸是完全公开的。”他挥了挥手，一张巨大而复杂的发光蓝图在他们面前展开，上面布满了精妙的代码和逻辑节点。
\n\n\n![\"Linux](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Screen-20250819171439@2x-1.avif\" "\\"Linux")
Linus又展示了来自世界各地的成千上万名工程师和爱好者的影像。“他们所有人都可以查看、研究甚至修改这份蓝图。
\n\n\n\n他们一起讨论、合作，不断为机器人增添新的功能。这就是‘开源’的力量，集体的智慧让它变得更强。”
\n\n\n![\"Linux](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Screen-20250819171842@2x-1.avif\" "\\"Linux")
小青蛙备受鼓舞。
\n\n\n\n他仔细研究着蓝图，发现了一个他认为可以改进的微小细节——一种能让机器人手指活动更高效的算法。他坐在终端前，全神贯注地开始编写属于自己的那段代码。
\n\n\n\n青小蛙将他的代码提交给了社区。不久，他的改进方案被采纳了！巨型机器人的手灵活地动了动，做出了一个完美的大拇指朝上的手势。
\n\n\n\n![\"Linux](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Screen-20250819171911@2x.avif\" "\\"Linux")
小青蛙笑了，他明白自己不再只是一个使用者，更是一名创造者。他和内核巨人的旅程，才刚刚开始。
\n\n\n\n原文：https://www.appinn.com/what-is-linux-kernel/
\n\n\n\n本文首发于小众软件微信公众号：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/k-zG5flTIJQpsX3yIpen_Q
\n\n\n\n包含以下有趣的标签：#它们到底是什么
\n前天晚上，可能是这个地球上最著名的开源项目 Linux，在 GitHub 上（才）获得了第 20 万颗星星，堪称历史性的一刻：
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n感谢 vlad 同学分享，但是他也没给 Linux 加星星：
\n\n\n\n实际上，青小蛙也没点 毕竟没事也不会去研究 Linux kernel（Linux 内核）
那么问题来了：
\n\n\n\n这里，有一个故事：
\n\n\n\n名叫小青蛙的小男孩在一个被遗忘的旧仓库里，他发现了一个惊人的秘密：一架沉睡的巨型机器人。
\n\n\n\n它静静地矗立在尘埃之中，金属外壳闪烁着微光，充满了神秘的力量。小青蛙的心跳开始加速，他知道，他的冒险即将开始。
\n\n\n在驾驶舱里，小启找到了一个布满灰尘的终端（还记得终端是什么吗？）。他吹掉灰尘，手指在键盘上飞舞，输入了一条启动命令。
\n\n\n\n原文：https://www.appinn.com/what-is-linux-kernel/
\n\n\n\n瞬间，机器人胸口的核心发出柔和而有力的光芒，一个由光线组成的半透明人形出现在小启面前。
\n\n\n“你好，小青蛙”那个全息人说道，“我叫 Linus，是这个机器人的向导。你刚刚唤醒的，是它的核心，也是它的大脑——我们称之为‘内核’。在机器人苏醒的瞬间，内核是第一个醒来的部分，它将负责唤醒其他所有的一切。”
\n\n\nLinus 解释说：“内核醒来后的第一项工作，就是进行一次全面的‘点名’。它会检查机器人的每一个部件：手臂（USB端口）、眼睛（摄像头）、耳朵（麦克风）和腿（网卡），确保它们都已准备就绪，并且工作正常。”
\n\n\n\n“接下来，内核必须管理好机器人的精力和思考空间，” Linus 继续说，“它就像一个高效的交通指挥官，精确地分配着机器人的能量（CPU时间），并为每一个即将运行的任务（进程）安排好专属的‘停车位’（内存）。”
\n\n\n小青蛙问：“那机器人怎么才能画画或者播放音乐呢？” Linus 回答：“那些是‘程序’。内核就是一座至关重要的桥梁，它能将你通过程序下达的指令，准确无误地传递给机器人的身体硬件，让它去执行。”
\n\n\n\n“但这个内核是独一无二的，”Linus 自豪地说（因为是他创造了它），“它是一个‘Linux’内核。这意味着，它的大脑设计图纸是完全公开的。”他挥了挥手，一张巨大而复杂的发光蓝图在他们面前展开，上面布满了精妙的代码和逻辑节点。
\n\n\nLinus又展示了来自世界各地的成千上万名工程师和爱好者的影像。“他们所有人都可以查看、研究甚至修改这份蓝图。
\n\n\n\n他们一起讨论、合作，不断为机器人增添新的功能。这就是‘开源’的力量，集体的智慧让它变得更强。”
\n\n\n小青蛙备受鼓舞。
\n\n\n\n他仔细研究着蓝图，发现了一个他认为可以改进的微小细节——一种能让机器人手指活动更高效的算法。他坐在终端前，全神贯注地开始编写属于自己的那段代码。
\n\n\n\n青小蛙将他的代码提交给了社区。不久，他的改进方案被采纳了！巨型机器人的手灵活地动了动，做出了一个完美的大拇指朝上的手势。
\n\n\n\n小青蛙笑了，他明白自己不再只是一个使用者，更是一名创造者。他和内核巨人的旅程，才刚刚开始。
\n\n\n\n原文：https://www.appinn.com/what-is-linux-kernel/
\n\n\n\n本文首发于小众软件微信公众号：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/k-zG5flTIJQpsX3yIpen_Q
\n\n\n\n包含以下有趣的标签：#它们到底是什么
\n今天 @yfzhe 同学发来一个链接，是一个简单的 macOS 应用，可以将你的 Apple 备忘录变成一个网站。@Appinn
\n\n\n\n![\"居然还有这种需求：将你的](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-08-17T222757.518.jpg\" "\\"居然还有这种需求：将你的")
青小蛙先是愣了一下，居然还有这种需求。然后就去看了一眼，又翻了一翻，一下子发现了三款类似的服务，似乎灵感都来自 Montaigne。
\n\n\n\n就像聊天里说的这样：
\n\n\n\n![\"居然还有这种需求：将你的](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Screen-20250817215858@2x.avif\" "\\"居然还有这种需求：将你的")
三款软件分别是：Montaigne、Quotion 和 Alto：
\n\n\n\n| Montaigne | Quotion | Alto | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 基本功能 | 将 Apple Notes 自动发布为网站、博客或作品集 | 将 Apple Notes 笔记发布为博客、作品集，支持内置 newsletter | 一键将 Apple Notes 内容发布到网站 |
| 内容格式支持 | 支持 Apple Notes 原生内容 | 完整支持富文本、标签、图片、视频、PDF 等 | 支持文本、图片、音频、视频 |
| 操作流程 | 创建专属文件夹，连接 Montaigne，自动同步发布 | 选文件夹分享给 link@quotion.co，粘贴链接，自动同步 | macOS 应用一键发布，无需多余步骤 |
| 主题与设计定制 | 提供部分模板选择 | 支持设计编辑器，字体、配色可自定义，支持 CSS/JS 代码 | 自动生成，无设计定制 |
| SEO 优化 | 基本 SEO 支持 | 高级 SEO 优化，自动生成 sitemap.xml、rss.xml、robots.txt | 未明确说明 |
| 分析统计 | 无 | 内置访问统计和用户行为分析 | 无 |
| 评论系统 | 无 | 支持原生评论系统 | 无 |
| 新闻通讯 | 推荐使用 Recuremail | 内置无限制 newsletter | 推荐使用 Recuremail |
| 自定义域名 | 支持，自定义域名需额外付费 | 支持自定义域名，也支持 quotion.co 子域名 | 支持自定义域名 |
| 价格（免费与付费） | 免费版功能强大，无站点数限制 付费方案： – 支持者计划 $5/月 – Start $5/月 – Pro $12/月 – 自定义域名 $2/月 | 免费基础版 专业版约 $9/月起，含高级功能与无限 newsletter | 无免费版，付费$5一次购买或$4/月订阅 |
| 适用场景 | 个人博客、小团队协作、简单快速发布 | 内容创作者、品牌营销、专业博客和成长型站点 | 追求极简快速发布的个人用户 |
| 适用平台 | Web（在线服务），适用所有支持 Apple Notes 的设备 | Web（在线服务），适用所有支持 Apple Notes 的设备 | macOS 应用，专为 Mac 用户设计 |
有类似需求的同学可以试试。
\n\n\n\n原文：https://www.appinn.com/apple-notes-to-website/
\n今天 @yfzhe 同学发来一个链接，是一个简单的 macOS 应用，可以将你的 Apple 备忘录变成一个网站。@Appinn
\n\n\n\n青小蛙先是愣了一下，居然还有这种需求。然后就去看了一眼，又翻了一翻，一下子发现了三款类似的服务，似乎灵感都来自 Montaigne。
\n\n\n\n就像聊天里说的这样：
\n\n\n\n三款软件分别是：Montaigne、Quotion 和 Alto：
\n\n\n\n| Montaigne | Quotion | Alto | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 基本功能 | 将 Apple Notes 自动发布为网站、博客或作品集 | 将 Apple Notes 笔记发布为博客、作品集，支持内置 newsletter | 一键将 Apple Notes 内容发布到网站 |
| 内容格式支持 | 支持 Apple Notes 原生内容 | 完整支持富文本、标签、图片、视频、PDF 等 | 支持文本、图片、音频、视频 |
| 操作流程 | 创建专属文件夹，连接 Montaigne，自动同步发布 | 选文件夹分享给 link@quotion.co，粘贴链接，自动同步 | macOS 应用一键发布，无需多余步骤 |
| 主题与设计定制 | 提供部分模板选择 | 支持设计编辑器，字体、配色可自定义，支持 CSS/JS 代码 | 自动生成，无设计定制 |
| SEO 优化 | 基本 SEO 支持 | 高级 SEO 优化，自动生成 sitemap.xml、rss.xml、robots.txt | 未明确说明 |
| 分析统计 | 无 | 内置访问统计和用户行为分析 | 无 |
| 评论系统 | 无 | 支持原生评论系统 | 无 |
| 新闻通讯 | 推荐使用 Recuremail | 内置无限制 newsletter | 推荐使用 Recuremail |
| 自定义域名 | 支持，自定义域名需额外付费 | 支持自定义域名，也支持 quotion.co 子域名 | 支持自定义域名 |
| 价格（免费与付费） | 免费版功能强大，无站点数限制 付费方案： – 支持者计划 $5/月 – Start $5/月 – Pro $12/月 – 自定义域名 $2/月 | 免费基础版 专业版约 $9/月起，含高级功能与无限 newsletter | 无免费版，付费$5一次购买或$4/月订阅 |
| 适用场景 | 个人博客、小团队协作、简单快速发布 | 内容创作者、品牌营销、专业博客和成长型站点 | 追求极简快速发布的个人用户 |
| 适用平台 | Web（在线服务），适用所有支持 Apple Notes 的设备 | Web（在线服务），适用所有支持 Apple Notes 的设备 | macOS 应用，专为 Mac 用户设计 |
有类似需求的同学可以试试。
\n\n\n\n原文：https://www.appinn.com/apple-notes-to-website/
\nCanaryToken 是一个非常有趣的服务，它提供了 29 种常见的蜜罐陷阱，包括 Windows 文件夹、运行指定程序、打开 PDF 文档、Word/Excel 文件、图片、二维码，以及网络蜜罐：MySQL、邮箱、AWS 证书、Log4shell 等，只要有人使用了这些陷阱，你就会收到通知，支持邮件与 WebHook。@Appinn
\n\n\n\n![\"CanaryToken](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-08-15T170900.787.jpg\" "\\"CanaryToken")
来自发现频道，@艾尔赛高 同学的推荐：https://meta.appinn.net/t/topic/73994
\n\n\n\n偶然发现的一个有趣服务。提前生成无害的蜜罐密钥，放在容易被攻击者接触的位置（例如 ~/.aws/credentials ），如果被攻击/泄露了，当攻击者尝试使用密钥的时候，会受到通知（可选邮件/webhook）
\n\n\n\n在 CanaryToken 官网找到 Windows Folder，打开后输入邮箱、说明（用来让你区分哪个文件夹的，比如输入：我的小姐姐的家），以及可选设置 Webhook 通知：
\n\n\n\n![\"CanaryToken](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Screen-20250815172337@2x.avif\" "\\"CanaryToken")
然后点击下方的 Create Canarytoken 按钮，从新的页面下载 zip 文件：
\n\n\n\n![\"CanaryToken](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Screen-20250815172734@2x.avif\" "\\"CanaryToken")
注意由于系统限制，这个蜜罐仅支持 Windows 10 以下版本。
\n\n\n\n在这个 zip 文件夹中，有一个 desktop.ini 文件，复制到你要监控的文件夹里就行了。
\n\n\n\ndesktop.ini 内容很简，打开就能触发里面的 URL 的意思：
\n\n\n\n[.ShellClassInfo]\nIconResource=\\\\%USERNAME%.%COMPUTERNAME%.%USERDOMAIN%.INI.xxxxxxxx.canarytokens.com\\resource.dll\n就好了。一旦有人打开了你的文件夹，就会收到邮件，包括时间、IP地址、描述：
\n\n\n\n![\"CanaryToken](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Screen-20250815173034@2x.avif\" "\\"CanaryToken")
而从邮件点进去还能看到历史记录、删除警报灯功能。
\n\n\n\n总之，给青小蛙一种：这是我能用的吗？的强烈感觉。
\n\n\n\n快去玩玩吧 😂
\n\n\n\nCanaryToken 能设置的蜜罐一共 29 种，非常丰富，你总能用到
\n\n\n\n| 蜜罐名称 (英文) | 简要说明 |
|---|---|
| Web bug | 攻击者访问特定URL时发送告警 |
| DNS | 攻击者解析特定DNS名称时告警 |
| Credit Card | 攻击者尝试使用你的信用卡信息时告警 |
| QR code | 攻击者扫描你的二维码时触发告警 |
| MySQL | 攻击者加载你的MySQL数据库转储文件时告警 |
| AWS keys | 攻击者使用伪造的AWS API密钥时告警 |
| Fake App | 攻击者运行伪造应用程序时发送告警 |
| Log4shell | 当检测到Log4j漏洞（CVE-2021-44228）日志时告警 |
| Fast redirect | 当攻击者访问URL时快速重定向并告警 |
| Slow redirect | 当攻击者访问URL时慢速重定向并收集更多信息 |
| Sensitive command | 当检测到可疑Windows命令执行时告警 |
| Windows Fake File System | 伪造文件系统中访问文件时触发告警 |
| Web image | 上传的图片被查看时触发告警 |
| Azure login certificate | Azure服务主身份登录时触发告警 |
| Microsoft Excel | 伪造的Excel文档被打开时告警 |
| Microsoft Word | 伪造的Word文档被打开时告警 |
| SVN | 访问SVN仓库时触发告警 |
| Unique email address | 发送邮件到该唯一邮箱地址时触发告警 |
| Microsoft SQL Server | 访问MS SQL数据库时触发告警 |
| Custom EXE / binary | 执行伪造EXE或DLL文件时触发告警 |
| Acrobat Reader PDF | 伪造的PDF文档被打开时告警 |
| Windows Folder | 在Windows资源管理器中浏览伪造文件夹时触发告警 |
| JS cloned website | 通过JavaScript检测网站被克隆时触发告警 |
| CSS cloned website | 通过CSS监测网站克隆时触发告警 |
| Kubeconfig | 使用你的Kubernetes配置时触发告警 |
| WireGuard VPN | 使用你的WireGuard VPN客户端配置时触发告警 |
| Azure Entra ID login | 钓鱼Azure Entra ID登录时触发告警 |
| Network Folder | 访问映射的WebDAV网络文件夹时触发告警 |
| SAML IdP App | 从身份提供者仪表板打开伪造应用时触发告警 |
原文：https://www.appinn.com/canarytoken/
\nCanaryToken 是一个非常有趣的服务，它提供了 29 种常见的蜜罐陷阱，包括 Windows 文件夹、运行指定程序、打开 PDF 文档、Word/Excel 文件、图片、二维码，以及网络蜜罐：MySQL、邮箱、AWS 证书、Log4shell 等，只要有人使用了这些陷阱，你就会收到通知，支持邮件与 WebHook。@Appinn
\n\n\n\n来自发现频道，@艾尔赛高 同学的推荐：https://meta.appinn.net/t/topic/73994
\n\n\n\n偶然发现的一个有趣服务。提前生成无害的蜜罐密钥，放在容易被攻击者接触的位置（例如 ~/.aws/credentials ），如果被攻击/泄露了，当攻击者尝试使用密钥的时候，会受到通知（可选邮件/webhook）
\n\n\n\n在 CanaryToken 官网找到 Windows Folder，打开后输入邮箱、说明（用来让你区分哪个文件夹的，比如输入：我的小姐姐的家），以及可选设置 Webhook 通知：
\n\n\n\n然后点击下方的 Create Canarytoken 按钮，从新的页面下载 zip 文件：
\n\n\n\n注意由于系统限制，这个蜜罐仅支持 Windows 10 以下版本。
\n\n\n\n在这个 zip 文件夹中，有一个 desktop.ini 文件，复制到你要监控的文件夹里就行了。
\n\n\n\ndesktop.ini 内容很简，打开就能触发里面的 URL 的意思：
\n\n\n\n[.ShellClassInfo]\nIconResource=\\\\%USERNAME%.%COMPUTERNAME%.%USERDOMAIN%.INI.xxxxxxxx.canarytokens.com\\resource.dll\n就好了。一旦有人打开了你的文件夹，就会收到邮件，包括时间、IP地址、描述：
\n\n\n\n而从邮件点进去还能看到历史记录、删除警报灯功能。
\n\n\n\n总之，给青小蛙一种：这是我能用的吗？的强烈感觉。
\n\n\n\n快去玩玩吧 😂
\n\n\n\nCanaryToken 能设置的蜜罐一共 29 种，非常丰富，你总能用到
\n\n\n\n| 蜜罐名称 (英文) | 简要说明 |
|---|---|
| Web bug | 攻击者访问特定URL时发送告警 |
| DNS | 攻击者解析特定DNS名称时告警 |
| Credit Card | 攻击者尝试使用你的信用卡信息时告警 |
| QR code | 攻击者扫描你的二维码时触发告警 |
| MySQL | 攻击者加载你的MySQL数据库转储文件时告警 |
| AWS keys | 攻击者使用伪造的AWS API密钥时告警 |
| Fake App | 攻击者运行伪造应用程序时发送告警 |
| Log4shell | 当检测到Log4j漏洞（CVE-2021-44228）日志时告警 |
| Fast redirect | 当攻击者访问URL时快速重定向并告警 |
| Slow redirect | 当攻击者访问URL时慢速重定向并收集更多信息 |
| Sensitive command | 当检测到可疑Windows命令执行时告警 |
| Windows Fake File System | 伪造文件系统中访问文件时触发告警 |
| Web image | 上传的图片被查看时触发告警 |
| Azure login certificate | Azure服务主身份登录时触发告警 |
| Microsoft Excel | 伪造的Excel文档被打开时告警 |
| Microsoft Word | 伪造的Word文档被打开时告警 |
| SVN | 访问SVN仓库时触发告警 |
| Unique email address | 发送邮件到该唯一邮箱地址时触发告警 |
| Microsoft SQL Server | 访问MS SQL数据库时触发告警 |
| Custom EXE / binary | 执行伪造EXE或DLL文件时触发告警 |
| Acrobat Reader PDF | 伪造的PDF文档被打开时告警 |
| Windows Folder | 在Windows资源管理器中浏览伪造文件夹时触发告警 |
| JS cloned website | 通过JavaScript检测网站被克隆时触发告警 |
| CSS cloned website | 通过CSS监测网站克隆时触发告警 |
| Kubeconfig | 使用你的Kubernetes配置时触发告警 |
| WireGuard VPN | 使用你的WireGuard VPN客户端配置时触发告警 |
| Azure Entra ID login | 钓鱼Azure Entra ID登录时触发告警 |
| Network Folder | 访问映射的WebDAV网络文件夹时触发告警 |
| SAML IdP App | 从身份提供者仪表板打开伪造应用时触发告警 |
原文：https://www.appinn.com/canarytoken/
\n来自 theverge 的消息，据 《华尔街日报》 和彭博社报道，人工智能搜索公司 Perplexity 已于周二上午向 Alphabet Inc. 旗下谷歌发出了收购要约，用 345 亿美元收购 Google Chrome。值得注意的是，这一出价远高于 Perplexity 自身 180 亿美元的估值。@Appinn
\n\n\n\n![\"Perplexity](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/08/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-08-13T142342.905.jpg\" "\\"Perplexity")
Perplexity 是一家“套壳” AI 服务提供商，提供了包括 Claude Sonnet 4.0、GPT-5、Gemini 2.5 Pro 大模型，以及 Claude Opus 4.1、Grok 4、GPT-o3/pro 等推理模型，曾经还托管过 DeepSeek-R1 模型。经常赠送年度账号。
\n\n\n\nGoogle Chrome 大家都很熟悉了。有趣的是，在去年的时候，Perplexity 就说过：如果政府强迫谷歌出售其浏览器， 它将收购 Chrome。
\n\n\n\n另外，Perplexity 还说过要收购 TikTok…
\n\n\n\nPerplexity 发言人 Jesse Dwyer 向 The Verge 证实，《 华尔街日报 》的报道属实。
\n\n\n\n另外，Perplexity 首席商务官 Dmitry Shevelenko 向彭博社表示，“多家大型投资基金已同意全额资助此次交易。” 该初创公司的一位发言人还向彭博社表示，如果谷歌接受这笔交易，Perplexity 将在未来两年内向 Chrome 和 Chromium 投资超过 30 亿美元。
\n\n\n\n原文：https://www.appinn.com/perplexity-345b-acquire-google-chrome/
\n\n\n\n爱发电：https://afdian.com/a/qingxwa （打赏我们，让我们更好的创作）
\n来自 theverge 的消息，据 《华尔街日报》 和彭博社报道，人工智能搜索公司 Perplexity 已于周二上午向 Alphabet Inc. 旗下谷歌发出了收购要约，用 345 亿美元收购 Google Chrome。值得注意的是，这一出价远高于 Perplexity 自身 180 亿美元的估值。@Appinn
\n\n\n\nPerplexity 是一家“套壳” AI 服务提供商，提供了包括 Claude Sonnet 4.0、GPT-5、Gemini 2.5 Pro 大模型，以及 Claude Opus 4.1、Grok 4、GPT-o3/pro 等推理模型，曾经还托管过 DeepSeek-R1 模型。经常赠送年度账号。
\n\n\n\nGoogle Chrome 大家都很熟悉了。有趣的是，在去年的时候，Perplexity 就说过：如果政府强迫谷歌出售其浏览器， 它将收购 Chrome。
\n\n\n\n另外，Perplexity 还说过要收购 TikTok…
\n\n\n\nPerplexity 发言人 Jesse Dwyer 向 The Verge 证实，《 华尔街日报 》的报道属实。
\n\n\n\n另外，Perplexity 首席商务官 Dmitry Shevelenko 向彭博社表示，“多家大型投资基金已同意全额资助此次交易。” 该初创公司的一位发言人还向彭博社表示，如果谷歌接受这笔交易，Perplexity 将在未来两年内向 Chrome 和 Chromium 投资超过 30 亿美元。
\n\n\n\n原文：https://www.appinn.com/perplexity-345b-acquire-google-chrome/
\n\n\n\n爱发电：https://afdian.com/a/qingxwa （打赏我们，让我们更好的创作）
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n
\n \n Python是一种语法简单、功能强大的编程语言，它既适用于传统编程语言擅长的Web开发、移动开发、游戏开发、桌面应用，又适用于当前流行的人工智能、大数据、科学计算、金融分析……\n \n
\n\n \n 如果你想要学习一门编程语言Python肯定是一个不错的选择，本期为大家整理了Python14张思维导图+字节跳动出品《Python背记手册》。\n \n
\n\n \n 基础知识1\n \n
\n\n \n \n 文中资料已整合，需要的朋友可以看文末\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 领取高清思维导图+《Python背记手册》\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 基础知识2\n \n
\n\n \n 函数1\n \n
\n\n \n 函数2\n \n
\n\n \n 错误异常\n \n
\n\n \n 列表元组\n \n
\n\n \n 面向对象编程\n \n
\n\n \n \n \n
\n \n 模块\n \n
\n\n \n 数据类型\n \n
\n\n \n 条件循环\n \n
\n\n \n 文件对象\n \n
\n\n \n 序列\n \n
\n\n \n 字典集合\n \n
\n\n \n 字符串\n \n
\n\n \n 字节跳动出品《Python背记手册》\n \n
\n\n \n 下面给大家分享字节跳动最新神作：Python入门知识背记手册，耗时168小时肝出来64页python背记手册，保证在你成为Python大牛之前，都离不开这本基础知识点。\n \n
\n\n \n if语句\n \n
\n\n \n if...else语句\n \n
\n\n \n if...elif...else语句\n \n
\n\n \n if语句的嵌套\n \n
\n\n \n while循环\n \n
\n\n \n for循环\n \n
\n\n \n break循环\n \n
\n\n \n continue语句\n \n
\n\n \n ......\n \n
\n\n \n 保留字\n \n
\n\n \n 转义字符\n \n
\n\n \n 数据类型转换\n \n
\n\n \n input(函数与print)函数\n \n
\n\n \n ......\n \n
\n\n \n 算数运算符\n \n
\n\n \n 赋值运算符\n \n
\n\n \n 比较（关系）运算符\n \n
\n\n \n 逻辑运算符\n \n
\n\n \n 运算符的优先级\n \n
\n\n \n ......\n \n
\n\n \n if语句\n \n
\n\n \n if…else语句\n \n
\n\n \n if…elif…else语句\n \n
\n\n \n if语句的套嵌\n \n
\n\n \n while循环\n \n
\n\n \n ......\n \n
\n\n \n 第5章列表与元组\n \n
\n\n \n 切片\n \n
\n\n \n python内置函数\n \n
\n\n \n 列表的创建和删除\n \n
\n\n \n 遍历列表\n \n
\n\n \n 添加列表元素语法格式\n \n
\n\n \n 对列表进行统计和计算\n \n
\n\n \n ......\n \n
\n\n \n 字典的创建和删除\n \n
\n\n \n 遍历字典\n \n
\n\n \n 集合的创建\n \n
\n\n \n 集合的添加与删除\n \n
\n\n \n 第8章Python 中使用正则表达式\n \n
\n\n \n HTTP方法\n \n
\n\n \n 常用过滤器\n \n
\n\n \n ......\n \n
\n\n \n 由于篇幅原因，下文仅截图展示部分内容，有需要的小伙伴可以公众号内回复：“学习”即可\n \n
\n\n \n 未来十年将是大数据、人工智能爆发的时代，到时将会有大量的数据需要处理，而Python最大的优势，就是对数据的处理，有着得天独厚的优势。招聘市场上人才供不应求，薪资也是一路水涨船高。所以现在学习python一定是一个不错的选择。\n \n
\n\n \n 无论你的工作是什么，对每个人来说，学习如何编程都是很重要的一件事，编程不仅有助于丰富你的计算思维，还能提高决策性，让你在招聘中脱颖而出。小伙伴们还在等什么呢？领一份资料不会吃亏，不会上当，但是你会有一个逆袭的机会。\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
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\n \n Python 是一种极具可读性和通用性的编程语言\n \n \n \n 。Python 这个名字的灵感来自于英国喜剧团体 Monty Python，它的开发团队有一个重要的基础目标，就是使语言使用起来很有趣。Python 易于设置，并且是用相对直接的风格来编写，对错误会提供即时反馈，对初学者而言是个很好的选择。\n \n
\n\n \n Python 是一种多范式语言，也就是说，它支持多种编程风格，包括脚本和面向对象，这使得它适用于通用目的。随着越来越多地在工业中，被诸如联合太空联盟\n \n \n \n （NASA 的主要飞机支持承包商）和工业光魔\n \n \n \n （VFX 和卢卡斯影业的动画工作室\n \n \n \n ）等组织使用，Python 为那些寻求额外编程语言的人提供了巨大的潜力 。\n \n
\n\n \n 当一个重要的被称为 comp.lang.python 的 Python 新闻组\n \n \n \n 在 1994 年形成时，Python 的用户基础不断增长，这为 Python 成为开源开发中最受欢迎的编程语言之一铺平了道路。\n \n
\n\n \n Python当下真的很火。Python实战项目，也一直尤为关注，接下来，和大家介绍下100个Python练手的实战项目。\n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 每个项目都有详细的视频讲解，跟随老师带你一步步完成敲代码的过程，在过程中结合多学知识提升能力，帮助怒更好地完成练习。\n \n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n 100个Python项目列表：\n \n
\n\n \n 1.python自动获取海量IP工具\n \n
\n\n \n 2.python自动获取酷狗音乐工具\n \n
\n\n \n 3.Python自动化开发-制作名片卡\n \n
\n\n \n 4.Python自动化开发-制作名片卡\n \n
\n\n \n 5.Python自动化开发-批量发邮件通知\n \n
\n\n \n 6.Python自动化开发-考勤处理\n \n
\n\n \n 7.Python双色球系统\n \n
\n\n \n 8.Python批量获取王者荣耀皮肤\n \n
\n\n \n 9.Python获取阴阳师壁纸\n \n
\n\n \n 10.Python获取小说数据并分析\n \n
\n\n \n 11.Python获取NBA数据\n \n
\n\n \n 12.python获取拉钩工具\n \n
\n\n \n 13.Python获取房天下数据\n \n
\n\n \n 14.Python获取彩票信息\n \n
\n\n \n 15.Python合成女神图片\n \n
\n\n \n 16.Python法拍网数据\n \n
\n\n \n 17.Python操作Excel自动化开发\n \n
\n\n \n 18.python百行制作查询工具\n \n
\n\n \n 19.python百行制作登录系统\n \n
\n\n \n 20.Python百行代码实现点赞系统\n \n
\n\n \n 21.Python百行代码实现抽奖系统\n \n
\n\n \n 22.Python自动获取小说工具\n \n
\n\n \n 23.python获取喜马拉雅音频\n \n
\n\n \n 24.python快速获取斗图表情\n \n
\n\n \n 25.python获取主播小视频\n \n
\n\n \n 26.python自动工资条\n \n
\n\n \n 27.python协程详解公开课\n \n
\n\n \n 28.python制作12306查票工具\n \n
\n\n \n 29.python爬虫30行拿LOL皮肤\n \n
\n\n \n 30.python抓取相亲网数据\n \n
\n\n \n 31.python抓取百合网数据\n \n
\n\n \n 32.python游戏开发公开课\n \n
\n\n \n ......\n \n
\n\n \n \n 91.【Python 图片转字符画】\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 92.【200行Python代码实现2048】\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 93.【Python3 实现火车票查询工具】\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 94.【高德API+Python解决租房问题】\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 95.【Python3色情图片识别】\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 96.【Python 破解验证码】\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 97.【Python实现简单的Web服务器】\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 98.【pygame开发打飞机游戏】\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 99.【Django 搭建简易博客】\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 100.【Python基于共现提取《釜山行》人物关系】\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 完整项目已经打包整理好了，希望对正在学习的你带来帮助~多动手练习，才能不断地巩固知识，更快的进步！\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n \n 获取方式：\n \n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n \n 1.点赞＋在看\n \n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n \n 2.私信回复：学习 领取。\n \n \n \n \n
\n\n
\n \n \n 本书介绍了如何利用Python 3开发网络爬虫，书中首先介绍了环境配置和基础知识，然后讨论了urllib、requests、正则表达式、Beautiful Soup、XPath、pyquery、数据存储、Ajax数据爬取等内容，接着通过多个案例介绍了不同场景下如何实现数据爬取，后介绍了pyspider框架、Scrapy框架和分布式爬虫。\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 获取方式\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n 1、点赞+在看\n \n
\n\n \n 2、后台回复：\n \n \n \n 学习\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n
\n \n \n 百看不如一练，今天为大家搜集了一份\n \n \n \n Python从入门到进阶的实战案例合集\n \n \n \n ，共计247个案例，185页内容。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 【文末有获取方式】\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 【文末有获取方式】\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 内容涵盖：\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 高清PDF版，所有代码均可复制。是python学习路上练习的最佳参考资料。快快收藏起来吧。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 内容预览：\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 由于篇幅过长，只能为大家部分展示，这本书完整版的PDF已经为大家准备好了。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n \n 获取方式\n \n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 1.点赞＋在看\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n \n 2.后台回复“学习”\n \n \n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 这本书是由流行开源Python库xlwings 创始人：费利克斯 •朱姆斯坦（Felix Zumstein）所撰写，书中详细阐述了如何将Python与Excel结合使用，让任务自动化，从而实现效率飞跃！\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 为了让初学者克服对Python的恐惧，作者特意将教程内容设计成从简单到复杂的顺序进行介绍\n \n
\n\n \n 这本教程共分为12章：\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 第一至三章主要是Python入门知识：如何搭建 Python环境、掌握基础知识，以及如何导入和使用Python模块\n \n
\n\n \n 第四至八章通过丰富的实例教学，详细讲解了如何利用Python对Excel进行各种操作\n \n
\n\n \n 第九至十二章则专注于如何在Excel中执行 Python代码，如何实现自动化，以及案例解析\n \n
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\n \n
\n \n
\n
\n \n Python 是一种极具可读性和通用性的编程语言\n \n \n \n 。Python 这个名字的灵感来自于英国喜剧团体 Monty Python，它的开发团队有一个重要的基础目标，就是使语言使用起来很有趣。Python 易于设置，并且是用相对直接的风格来编写，对错误会提供即时反馈，对初学者而言是个很好的选择。\n \n
\n\n \n Python 是一种多范式语言，也就是说，它支持多种编程风格，包括脚本和面向对象，这使得它适用于通用目的。随着越来越多地在工业中，被诸如联合太空联盟\n \n \n \n （NASA 的主要飞机支持承包商）和工业光魔\n \n \n \n （VFX 和卢卡斯影业的动画工作室\n \n \n \n ）等组织使用，Python 为那些寻求额外编程语言的人提供了巨大的潜力 。\n \n
\n\n \n 当一个重要的被称为 comp.lang.python 的 Python 新闻组\n \n \n \n 在 1994 年形成时，Python 的用户基础不断增长，这为 Python 成为开源开发中最受欢迎的编程语言之一铺平了道路。\n \n
\n\n \n Python当下真的很火。Python实战项目，也一直尤为关注，接下来，和大家介绍下100个Python练手的实战项目。\n \n
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\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n \n 每个项目都有详细的视频讲解，跟随老师带你一步步完成敲代码的过程，在过程中结合多学知识提升能力，帮助怒更好地完成练习。\n \n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n 100个Python项目列表：\n \n
\n\n \n 1.python自动获取海量IP工具\n \n
\n\n \n 2.python自动获取酷狗音乐工具\n \n
\n\n \n 3.Python自动化开发-制作名片卡\n \n
\n\n \n 4.Python自动化开发-制作名片卡\n \n
\n\n \n 5.Python自动化开发-批量发邮件通知\n \n
\n\n \n 6.Python自动化开发-考勤处理\n \n
\n\n \n 7.Python双色球系统\n \n
\n\n \n 8.Python批量获取王者荣耀皮肤\n \n
\n\n \n 9.Python获取阴阳师壁纸\n \n
\n\n \n 10.Python获取小说数据并分析\n \n
\n\n \n 11.Python获取NBA数据\n \n
\n\n \n 12.python获取拉钩工具\n \n
\n\n \n 13.Python获取房天下数据\n \n
\n\n \n 14.Python获取彩票信息\n \n
\n\n \n 15.Python合成女神图片\n \n
\n\n \n 16.Python法拍网数据\n \n
\n\n \n 17.Python操作Excel自动化开发\n \n
\n\n \n 18.python百行制作查询工具\n \n
\n\n \n 19.python百行制作登录系统\n \n
\n\n \n 20.Python百行代码实现点赞系统\n \n
\n\n \n 21.Python百行代码实现抽奖系统\n \n
\n\n \n 22.Python自动获取小说工具\n \n
\n\n \n 23.python获取喜马拉雅音频\n \n
\n\n \n 24.python快速获取斗图表情\n \n
\n\n \n 25.python获取主播小视频\n \n
\n\n \n 26.python自动工资条\n \n
\n\n \n 27.python协程详解公开课\n \n
\n\n \n 28.python制作12306查票工具\n \n
\n\n \n 29.python爬虫30行拿LOL皮肤\n \n
\n\n \n 30.python抓取相亲网数据\n \n
\n\n \n 31.python抓取百合网数据\n \n
\n\n \n 32.python游戏开发公开课\n \n
\n\n \n ......\n \n
\n\n \n \n 91.【Python 图片转字符画】\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 92.【200行Python代码实现2048】\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 93.【Python3 实现火车票查询工具】\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 94.【高德API+Python解决租房问题】\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 95.【Python3色情图片识别】\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 96.【Python 破解验证码】\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 97.【Python实现简单的Web服务器】\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 98.【pygame开发打飞机游戏】\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 99.【Django 搭建简易博客】\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 100.【Python基于共现提取《釜山行》人物关系】\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 完整项目已经打包整理好了，希望对正在学习的你带来帮助~多动手练习，才能不断地巩固知识，更快的进步！\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n \n 获取方式：\n \n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n \n 1.点赞＋在看\n \n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n \n 2.私信回复：学习 领取。\n \n \n \n \n
\n\n
\n \n \n 内容简介\n \n \n
\n\n \n 本书是一本针对所有层次的Python 读者而作的Python 入门书。全书分两部分：\n \n
\n\n \n 第一部分介绍用Python 编程所必须了解的基本概念，包括matplotlib、NumPy 和Pygal 等强大的Python 库和工具介绍，以及列表、字典、if 语句、类、文件与异常、代码测试等内容；\n \n
\n\n \n 第二部分将理论付诸实践，讲解如何开发三个项目，包括简单的Python 2D 游戏开发如何利用数据生成交互式的信息图，以及创建和定制简单的Web 应用，并帮读者解决常见编程问题和困惑。\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 目录\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 书籍的分享格式为PDF电子版，小伙伴们手机也可以阅读学习哦！\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 书籍终归只是辅助，想要真的深入学习python，当然还要有系统的学习方法和学习教程才可以让你在学习的路上一帆风顺哦！\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 本套视频一共400集，本套视频共分3季：\n \n \n
\n\n \n 第一季 【基础篇】Python基础 （115集）\n \n
\n\n \n 第二季 【提高篇】Python深入和扩展（100集）\n \n
\n\n \n 第三季 【扩展篇】网络编程、多线程、扩展库（85集）\n \n
\n\n \n 第四季 【高手篇】算法、Python源码、函数式编程、手工实现神经网络（100集）\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 以上这些教程我已经为大家打包准备好了，希望对正在学习的你有所帮助！\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 获取方式：公众号私信回复“学习”即可\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 需要的小伙伴可以多多点赞转发 让更多的人看到\n \n \n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n
\n \n \n 内容简介\n \n \n
\n\n \n 本书是一本针对所有层次的Python 读者而作的Python 入门书。全书分两部分：\n \n
\n\n \n 第一部分介绍用Python 编程所必须了解的基本概念，包括matplotlib、NumPy 和Pygal 等强大的Python 库和工具介绍，以及列表、字典、if 语句、类、文件与异常、代码测试等内容；\n \n
\n\n \n 第二部分将理论付诸实践，讲解如何开发三个项目，包括简单的Python 2D 游戏开发如何利用数据生成交互式的信息图，以及创建和定制简单的Web 应用，并帮读者解决常见编程问题和困惑。\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 目录\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 书籍的分享格式为PDF电子版，小伙伴们手机也可以阅读学习哦！\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 书籍终归只是辅助，想要真的深入学习python，当然还要有系统的学习方法和学习教程才可以让你在学习的路上一帆风顺哦！\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 本套视频一共400集，本套视频共分3季：\n \n \n
\n\n \n 第一季 【基础篇】Python基础 （115集）\n \n
\n\n \n 第二季 【提高篇】Python深入和扩展（100集）\n \n
\n\n \n 第三季 【扩展篇】网络编程、多线程、扩展库（85集）\n \n
\n\n \n 第四季 【高手篇】算法、Python源码、函数式编程、手工实现神经网络（100集）\n \n
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\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 以上这些教程我已经为大家打包准备好了，希望对正在学习的你有所帮助！\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 获取方式：公众号私信回复“学习”即可\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 需要的小伙伴可以多多点赞转发 让更多的人看到\n \n \n \n
\n\n
\n \n 第12届世界运动会\n \n
\n\n \n 7日在四川成都正式开幕\n \n
\n\n \n 这是中国大陆首次举办世运会！\n \n
\n\n \n \n Against the backdrop of Qinhuang Lake and the city skyline, the Chengdu World Games officially opened on Thursday night, themed \"Boundless Sports, Countless Wonders\".\n \n \n
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\n \n
\n \n 从昨晚到今晨，\n \n
\n\n \n \n #被世运会吉祥物狠狠迷住#\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n #世运会七彩祥云烟花#等\n \n \n \n 多条开幕式\n \n
\n\n \n 相关话题登上热搜，\n \n
\n\n \n 你注意到这些“圈粉”瞬间了吗？\n \n
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\n \n
\n \n \n \n 以公园城市的方式打开世运会\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n 不同以往，这场开幕式走出体育场，来到碧波湖畔的大型户外空间“天府之檐”。映着晚霞与夜色，城市景观、人民生活与体育氛围巧妙融为一体，露营椅上的观众也成了风景。\n \n
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\n \n \n \n 超500名演员共跳街舞\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n 开场节目《缤纷之约》亮相，数百名演员以街舞的方式拉开序幕，带来一场极具冲击力的视觉盛宴。表演中，古蜀图腾融入动感舞步，在智能芯片和发光道具的加持下，活力四射、动感十足。\n \n
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\n \n
\n \n \n \n \n 千年巴蜀文\n \n \n \n \n \n \n 明长卷\n \n \n \n \n \n \n 徐徐展开\n \n \n \n \n
\n\n \n 金沙太阳神鸟、说唱俑、二十四伎乐……当焰火在“天府之檐”上空绽放出古老的篆书“成都”二字，巴蜀大地的文化符号在文艺表演中逐一亮相。\n \n
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\n \n 开幕式上的川剧1分钟中，来自四川省川剧院的青年花旦立于舞台中央，大多是“00后”的他们以川剧花旦艺术为根基，拥抱现代街舞的活力脉搏，更将川剧“变脸”融于其中。\n \n
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\n \n
\n \n \n \n 滑水点燃火炬\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n 开幕式接近尾声，中国滑水运动员以滑水的方式疾驰于湖上，共同点燃主火炬，水火交相辉映，现场再次沸腾。\n \n
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\n \n \n The opening ceremony reached its climax when the final two torchbearers - Chinese waterskiers Xu Lu and Alu Xiaobo — glided across the water behind powerboats, carrying torches passed to them by snooker player Ding Junhui and Olympic and TWG trampoline champion Dong Dong. Xu and Alu then lit the main cauldron, designed as a water-shaped spout rising from the lake, as fireworks lit up the sky in a dazzling display.\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 看完精彩的开幕式，\n \n
\n\n \n 问题来了~\n \n
\n\n \n 世运会都有哪些比赛项目\n \n
\n\n \n 和奥运会有什么区别？\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n \n 无人机竞速、跑酷、武术……\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 原来世运会这么好玩!\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n 世界运动会\n \n
\n\n \n 由国际世界运动会协会主办\n \n
\n\n \n 和奥运会一样无特殊情况四年一届\n \n
\n\n \n 竞赛项目以非奥运会项目为主\n \n
\n\n \n 本届世运会历时11天\n \n
\n\n \n 将于17日闭幕\n \n
\n\n \n 共设置34个大项\n \n
\n\n \n 60个分项、256个小项\n \n
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\n \n
\n \n 除了腰旗橄榄球（Flag Football）、棒垒球（Baseball - Softball）、棍网球（Lacrosse）、壁球（Squash）这些2028年洛杉矶奥运会正式比赛项目，还有无人机竞速（Drone Racing）、跑酷（Parkour）等充满青春活力的新潮项目。\n \n
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\n \n 自由潜水（Freediving）、残疾人自由潜水（Freediving for athletes with impairment）、龙舟（Dragon Boat）、武术（Wushu）等则在本届世运会首次成为正式比赛项目。\n \n
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\n \n \n 图源：第12届世界运动会官方网站截图\n \n \n
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\n \n 本届世运会共有来自110余个国家和地区的6679名运动员、随队官员、技术官员参赛，其中运动员3942人，\n \n 是世运会历史上规模最大、人数最多的一届。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n As the largest-ever edition, the Chengdu World Games has attracted a record 6,679 total participants, including athletes and officials, from 116 countries and regions. The 3,942 athletes will compete in 256 events across 34 sports.\n \n \n
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\n \n 中国体育代表团321名运动员将参加28个大项、152个小项的比赛，\n \n 是中国1981年参加世运会以来参赛项目最多、规模最大的一次。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n China has sent its largest-ever delegation: 489 members, including 321 athletes. The Chinese athletes, which has also included para-athletes for the first time, are competing in 152 events across 28 sports and making its debut in 12, including cheerleading, flying disc and powerboating.\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 视频来源：央视新闻\n \n \n
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\n \n 321位健儿中，年龄最大的运动员50岁，最小的13岁，其中包括10名残疾人运动员，\n \n 也是中国首次选派残疾人运动员参赛。\n \n \n
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\n \n 据央视新闻报道，此次中国体育代表团的重点夺金项目包括武术、蹼泳、攀岩、技巧、健美操、轮滑、台球、龙舟等。同时，在地掷球、体育舞蹈、蹦床、跑酷、啦啦操、空手道、残疾人自由潜水、残疾人柔术等项目上也有望获得奖牌或金牌。\n \n
\n\n \n \n 为运动健儿加油喝彩！\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 你最期待哪些项目？\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 综合来源：央视新闻、新华社、第12届世界运动会官方网站、CHINADAILY、中国青年报、成都发布、天府新视界、大象新闻等\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 编辑：张语迎\n \n \n
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\n \n 近日，郑州95后研究生小杨，凭借一手绝活，把烧饼做成各种炫酷造型，短短两个月在网上收获40多万粉丝，火出圈了。\n \n
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\n \n \n A master's graduate surnamed Yang in Zhengzhou, Henan province has taken social media by storm with his artistic take on\n \n shaobing\n \n (Chinese flatbread), amassing over 400,000 followers within just two months.\n \n \n
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\n \n 这位1998年出生的小伙子，去年从华北水利水电大学土木工程专业硕士毕业。工作一段时间后，辞职回了家。一次偶然，他发现了父亲闲置的烤炉，就琢磨自学做烧饼。\n \n
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\n \n \n \n 图源：抖音@去年毕业的小杨\n \n \n
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\n \n 小杨卖的烧饼既有沙漠之鹰、AK等游戏枪械造型，也涵盖Labubu、Hello Kitty等卡通形象，被小朋友们戏称为烧饼的“军火库”，争相抢购，一饼难求，每天一出摊都几十人围观，更有老奶奶排队两小时给孙子买烧饼。\n \n
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\n \n \n 图源：抖音@去年毕业的小杨\n \n \n
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\n \n \n Yang, a young postgraduate from North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, started a\n \n shaobing\n \n business after quitting his previous job. Using just a utility knife, he sculpts the dough into elaborate shapes ranging from firearms like Desert Eagles to popular cartoon characters such as Labubu and Hello Kitty.\n \n \n
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\n \n His stall has become particularly popular among children, who jokingly refer to it as a \"flour arsenal\". Daily queues form as soon as he opens for business, with some elderly customers reportedly waiting up to two hours to buy his creations for their grandchildren.\n \n
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\n \n 小杨\n \n \n 做的烧饼可不一般。没有模具，全靠一把美工刀手工雕刻。他还巧妙地把学土木培养的空间想象力、结构思维，都用在了这小小的烧饼雕刻上。用手工打造独一无二的“艺术品”，效果出奇制胜。这创意哪来的？小杨说，最初就是一位小朋友的定制要求，结果越做越多，花样百出。\n \n
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\n \n 最让人想不到的是，这些造型复杂的烧饼，只卖一块钱一个。小杨坦言，最先开始他的烧饼卖过五块钱、三块钱，最后考虑到小朋友的零花钱有限，就降到了一块钱，不赚也不赔，坚持不涨价。\n \n
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\n \n What began as a custom request from a child has blossomed into a viral phenomenon, with each piece meticulously hand-carved using only a utility knife — a skill he attributes to the spatial imagination honed during his engineering studies.\n \n
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\n \n Remarkably, Yang prices each artistic flatbread at just 1 yuan ($0.14), despite their intricate designs. \"I initially sold them for 3 to 5 yuan but lowered the price to make them affordable for children,\" he explained.\n \n
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\n \n 这事儿在网上炸开了锅。小杨的社交媒体账号简介写着“失业土木研究生，回家卖烧饼”，本身就充满反差和话题性，配上那些奇特烧饼，短短两个月，粉丝蹭蹭涨到40多万。\n \n
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\n \n \n His Douyin bio — \"Unemployed civil engineering grad selling\n \n shaobing\n \n \" — underscores the unconventional career pivot that has sparked heated debate online.\n \n \n
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\n \n 网友看法两边倒：一边大赞他有创意有勇气，打破了“高学历就得干体面活”的老观念，把知识转化成了生产力，小烧饼也能闯出大名堂。\n \n
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\n \n 另一边则质疑：研究生摆摊是不是“大材小用”？浪费了教育资源？“土木行业真这样了？”还有分析，卖烧饼本身未必赚钱，更像是个吸引流量的“噱头”。\n \n
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\n \n 面对这些议论，小杨挺清醒。他觉得传统土木的工作模式不适合自己，反而在烧饼摊上找到了创作自由和成就感。他现在正忙着做短视频和直播，想打造自己的个人品牌，探索更多可能性。他清醒的回应获得了很多人的共鸣，越来越多的年轻人也正像小杨一样，打破“高学历必须从事体面职业”的思维定式，在热爱的领域挖掘新可能。\n \n
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\n \n While many applaud his creativity and defiance of \"elite job\" stereotypes, critics question whether street vending justifies his education. Undeterred, Yang sees his venture as liberation. \"Traditional civil engineering didn't suit me,\" he shared, adding that livestreaming and content creation now fuel his entrepreneurial ambitions. His story resonates with a growing cohort of Chinese youth redefining success beyond conventional career tracks.\n \n
\n\n \n \n 本文转载自中国日报双语新闻，已获授权\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 美国国务院发言人塔米·布鲁斯22日宣布，美国将退出联合国教科文组织，这是\n \n 40多年来美国第三次宣布退出该组织\n \n 。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n On Tuesday, the United States announced a decision to withdraw from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) by the end of December 2026. This marks the third time Washington has exited UNESCO.\n \n \n \n
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\n \n 此前，美国已两次退出联合国教科文组织又重新加入：\n \n
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\n \n \n \n 美国国务院：\n \n \n \n
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\n \n 根据美国国务院发布的一份声明，美国做出上述决定的理由包括，“联合国教科文组织推进分裂性的社会和文化事业，过度关注联合国可持续发展目标，不符合美国优先的外交政策”。\n \n
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\n \n 声明还指责联合国教科文组织接纳巴勒斯坦为成员国的决定“非常有问题”，助长了该机构内部的反以色列言论。\n \n
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\n \n 声明说，根据联合国教科文组织有关规定，美国这次退出该组织将于2026年12月31日生效。\n \n
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\n \n \n According to a statement by the US State Department, the withdrawal was prompted by what Washington perceived as UNESCO's tendency to \"advance divisive social and cultural causes,\" particularly regarding the Israel-Palestine conflict.\n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n The US exit will take effect at the end of December 2026.\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 联合国教科文组织\n \n \n \n \n 总干事：\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 令人遗憾，但在意料之中\n \n \n \n
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\n \n 联合国教科文组织总干事阿祖莱22日发表声明，对美方决定“深表遗憾”，\n \n 表示这一决定“违背多边主义的基本原则”\n \n 。\n \n
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\n \n \n Audrey Azoulay, director-general of UNESCO expressed regret over the US decision, calling it inconsistent with the fundamental principles of multilateralism.\n \n \n
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\n \n 阿祖莱说，这一消息尽管令人遗憾，但在意料之中，\n \n 联合国教科文组织也已为此做好准备\n \n 。\n \n
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\n \n “近年来，我们进行了重大结构性改革，并实现了资金来源多元化。得益于本组织自2018年以来的努力，美国财政贡献下降趋势的影响已被抵消。”\n \n
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\n \n \n UNESCO said the US exit was regrettable but came as no surprise. \"However regrettable, this announcement was expected, and UNESCO has prepared for it,\" Azoulay said in a statement.\n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n \"We have implemented major structural reforms and diversified our funding sources. Thanks to the efforts made by the Organization since 2018, the decline in US financial contributions has been effectively offset,\" she stated.\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n \n 法国发声：\n \n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n \n 坚定支持\n \n \n \n \n \n 联合国教科文组织\n \n \n \n
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\n \n 联合国教科文组织成立于1945年，总部设在法国首都巴黎，是联合国的重要机构之一。\n \n
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\n \n 法国总统马克龙22日在社交媒体上发文，\n \n 表达对联合国教科文组织“坚定不移的支持”\n \n 。他说，联合国教科文组织是科学、海洋、教育、文化和世界遗产的全球性保护者。\n \n
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\n \n \n 法国总统马克龙在社交媒体上对美国退出联合国教科文组织的决定作出回\n \n \n 应。图源：社交媒体截图\n \n
\n \n \n Earlier Tuesday afternoon, French President Emmanuel Macron expressed on his X account France's \"unwavering support\" for UNESCO. He called UNESCO a \"universal guardian of science, the ocean, education, culture, and world heritage.\"\n \n \n
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\n \n 法国外交部当天也发表新闻公报，对美国退出联合国教科文组织的决定表示遗憾。公报说，法国支持阿祖莱自2018年以来实施的改革，这些改革措施加强了该组织内部的共识。\n \n
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\n \n \n \n France, as the host country and a founding member of UNESCO, regrets the US decision to quit UNESCO, the spokesperson of the country's foreign ministry said on Tuesday.\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n 特朗普重返白宫后\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 不停“退群”\n \n \n \n
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\n \n 据央视新闻报道，在特朗普2017年至2021年首个总统任期，美国退出国际社会应对气候变化的《巴黎协定》、伊朗核问题全面协议、世界卫生组织、联合国教科文组织、联合国人权理事会等多个国际组织和多边机制，引发广泛批评。\n \n
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\n \n 拜登在2021年就职后推翻了这些决定，让美国重返世界卫生组织、联合国教科文组织和《巴黎协定》。\n \n
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\n \n 随着特朗普于2025年1月重返白宫，\n \n 他先后宣布美国将再次退出《巴黎协定》、世界卫生组织和联合国人权理事会\n \n 。\n \n
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\n \n \n \n S\n \n \n \n ince Donald Trump's second term in office started early this year, the Trump administration had announced its withdrawal from the Paris Agreement on climate change, the World Health Organization, and the United Nations Human Rights Council.\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 来源：新华社 央视新闻\n \n \n
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\n \n 正逢暑假，又到了孩子们与暑假作业斗智斗勇的时候了。但这一次，DeepSeek等生成式人工智能应用已经成了不少“技术流”中小学生的作业救星，还能写征文作品、做PPT、写检讨书……\n \n
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\n \n 当下，AI的触手已经延伸至教育的多个领域，但随之而来的，或许并不是一劳永逸。有网友发现，除了能快速整合海量信息之外，AI也挺能\n \n “一本正经地胡说八道”\n \n ↓↓↓\n \n
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\n \n \n AI hallucination occurs when an AI model generates false or illogical information that is not based on real data or events, but is presented as fact. Hallucinations can lead to significant consequences when people use AI for tasks with the potential for high-stakes consequences.\n \n \n
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\n \n “我前两天在用AI帮助我做作业的时候，AI就给我挖了一个‘大坑’，搞得我的作业错了一大堆……”受到这些学习经历的启发，\n \n \n 来自\n \n \n \n 北京中学科技分校的李子超\n \n \n \n “脑洞大开”\n \n \n ，决定和几位同学一起“整顿AI”。\n \n
\n\n \n \n 来自北京中学科技分校的\n \n \n \n \n 李子超、胡棂凡、赵桐卉在讨论方案\n \n \n \n \n 图源：受访者供图\n \n \n
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\n \n 没想到，孩子们的这个想法后续不光斩获全国大奖，还即将让他们走上国际舞台！\n \n
\n\n \n \n 同学们获得全国特等奖 图源：受访者供图\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 戳视频，来围观这群孩子们\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n “整顿AI”的更多幕后故事！↓↓↓\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n “我们要做AI的主人”\n \n \n \n
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\n \n 关注到“AI写作业”在中小学生群体的流行趋势，李子超和同学胡棂凡、赵桐卉三人思考起了在日常学习中如何正确看待和使用AI的问题。\n \n
\n\n \n \n 同学们的参赛方案资料 图源：受访者供图\n \n \n
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\n \n 于是，他们提出了基于生成式AI的\n \n “智能学习社区”\n \n 这一想法。与市面上常见的AI解题工具不同的是，学习社区中这种引导与共学的模式能培养同学的独立思考能力，而不是让AI沦为青少年的“损友”和“枪手”。\n \n
\n\n \n \n 同学们的参赛方案资料 图源：受访者供图\n \n \n
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\n \n 在学校《国际理解教育》课程社团指导教师、对外经济贸易大学副教授邱昌情的指导下，三位同学带着这个不断细化完善的方案，近期参加了以\n \n “全球人工智能治理：责任、挑战与合作的新世纪”\n \n 为主题的“2025中学生全球治理创新方案设计大赛”。\n \n
\n\n \n 该赛事是全球首个专注于中学生全球治理创新方案设计的大赛，在继承复旦大学与联合国开发计划署（UNDP）2007年共同发起的青年全球治理创新设计大赛（YICGG）成功经验的基础上，进一步拓展创新，\n \n 旨在为全球治理贡献青少年的智慧与力量。\n \n \n
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\n \n 十多年来，YICGG持续推动全球治理人才的培养，促进国际文化交流，提升全球青年在多边治理体系中的参与能力，已获得广泛的国际影响力。\n \n
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\n \n \n Launched by Fudan University and sponsored by United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in China, the Youth Innovation Competition on Global Governance (YICGG) is an international competition that encourages youths from around the world to develop innovative global governance solutions.\n \n \n
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\n \n 而让师生们都感到惊喜的是，他们首次接触并参加此类赛事，便从全国600多所中学参赛队伍中脱颖而出，一举获得\n \n 全国特等奖\n \n ，还即将\n \n 代表中国初中生参加今年的YICGG全球总决赛\n \n 。\n \n
\n\n \n \n 同学们在比赛现场对活动方案进行阐释 图源：受访者供图\n \n \n
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\n \n 这次的经历也让孩子们不断突破自我，有所成长。“我认识到了团队协作的重要性。我们一起讨论了不同的方法，协调了分歧，最后得出了一个非常有创新性且实用的方法。” 赵桐卉说道。\n \n
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\n \n 而李子超和胡棂凡也在比赛活动环节，大方展示了自己说相声、跳拉丁舞的才艺，交到了新朋友~\n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 李子超和胡棂凡\n \n \n \n \n \n 在比赛活动上分别表演相声和拉丁舞的才艺 图源：受访者供图\n \n \n
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\n \n \n “科技”含量超高的学习日常\n \n \n \n
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\n \n 同学们对AI伦理、算法正义、数据主权等议题的敏锐思考，其实也正是他们在校学习的日常。\n \n
\n\n \n “因为我们学校是和五所大学一起办的，所以会有很多大学教授和老师来教我们一些比较创新、比较前沿的东西，这就极大地丰富了我们的课余生活。”李子超表示。\n \n
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\n \n 据悉，北京中学科技分校是朝阳区人民政府和\n \n 北京化工大学、对外经济贸易大学、北京中医药大学、北京服装学院、中华女子学院五所大学\n \n 联合举办，致力于培养\n \n 文理相通，科技见长的科技创新型人才\n \n 。该校积极探索\n \n “1+3”贯通培养\n \n 的有效途径与方法，从育人理念、教学内容和方式上打破初中、高中与大学三个学段间的割裂。\n \n
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\n \n 胡棂凡表示，学生们除了可以前往共建的五所高校实验室参观学习之外，在校园内也可以体验到独具特色的科技活动。\n \n
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\n \n 比如，赵桐卉就参加了天文社团：“这是我们学校一位同学亲自创办的，也是拓宽了我的视野。我在这学期也收获到了很多有关天文的知识，比如说夏季星空、春季星空、天文传说等等。”\n \n
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\n \n \n Apart from having the required curriculum, Science and Technology Branch of\n \n \n \n \n Beijing Academy\n \n \n \n \n focus more on teaching science and technology. The school is guided jointly by the\n \n \n \n \n Beijing Academy\n \n \n \n \n Educational Group and five nearby universities.\n \n \n
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\n \n \n With the five universities giving students access to their labs and arranging for lectures by their professors, the school aims to rear talents interested in science and technology.\n \n \n
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\n \n 此外，借助五所高校的师资资源，学校逐步推进实施大学-中学双导师制。除了以中学教师为主体、大学教师协同的方式，进行融合课程的开发与实施，还结合学生学业发展情况及专业发展背景，协助学生进行生涯规划。\n \n
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\n \n \n 成为真正平视世界的中国青年\n \n \n \n
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\n \n 来自对外经济贸易大学的邱昌情教授，便担任了学校《国际理解教育》课程的社团指导教师。\n \n
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\n \n 据邱昌情介绍，国际理解教育这一理念最早由联合国教科文组织提出，其目的主要是促进不同国家、不同地区、不同族群个体之间的认知和互动。\n \n
\n\n \n 2010年，中共中央、国务院发布规划纲要，强调应提升学生对不同国家和文化的认知，同时呼吁培养符合国际化需求的人才，将“国际理解教育”这一理念列入我国官方文件。2016年，教育部委托有关专业组织研制发布了中国学生发展核心素养体系（阶段性研究成果），对国际理解教育要求做了细化。\n \n
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\n \n \n Faced with the challenges of the economic globalization, where cross-cultural dialogue has an important place, education is booming increasingly globalized.\n \n \n
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\n \n \n Ever since the concept of Education for International Understanding was proposed by UNESCO, this dialogue has been highlighted by the government.\n \n \n
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\n \n \n The Ministry of Education of China has repeatedly pointed out that the development of core competencies for Chinese students is required to be in line with the world education reform, and strengthens the international competitiveness of China's education.\n \n \n
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\n \n 在邱昌情的课堂上，他以\n \n “中国情怀，国际视野”\n \n 的授课理念，拓宽了学生的全球视野，让学生从更高的维度和视角，认识中国参与全球治理过程中的重要作用和地位。\n \n
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\n \n 和面向大学生上课，重点教授学理知识不同的是，他更加注重中学生动手能力和批判性思维的培养，让这些参与“1+3”培养实验项目的孩子们从只会解题走向解决问题，在解决实际问题的过程中培养学生综合能力。\n \n
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\n \n “同学们的思维非常地活跃，而且他们都能够根据人工智能对他们日常生活的影响，提出他们自己的看法和见解。”\n \n
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\n \n 在授课之余，他还给同学们提供了参与对外经济贸易大学校园活动的机会，比如，参加高校文化节、和联合国教科文组织东亚地区办事处主任兼代表夏泽翰当面交流等。在这些学习交流过程中，有同学也开始\n \n 对“全球治理”萌生了浓厚兴趣，开始思考自己的未来发展方向\n \n 。\n \n
\n\n \n \n 联合国教科文组织驻华代表处代表夏泽翰和同学们当面交流 图源：受访者供图\n \n \n
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\n \n 接下来，邱昌情作为带队老师，即将和三位同学前往国际比赛的现场。他希望，伴随着中国日益走近世界中央，当这些孩子们未来走向国际舞台时，\n \n 能够成为真正平视世界的一代人\n \n 。\n \n
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\n \n “我们要站在全球的视野，但是同时也要有我们中国的立场，要坚持我们的文化自信。”他说。\n \n
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\n \n \n 记者：王杏薇\n \n \n
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\n \n “近900万人点赞的不是作文，\n \n
\n\n \n 是土地里的散文诗。”\n \n
\n\n \n “只有经历了生活的人，\n \n
\n\n \n 才能写出这么深沉的作品吧？”\n \n
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\n \n 近日，一名短视频博主发起了一场创意写作活动——\n \n 邀请路人抽签，重写过去的高考作文\n \n 。期间，一位在工地工作的山西大爷抽到了\n \n 1957年高考作文题《我的母亲》\n \n 。\n \n
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\n \n \n \n Recently, an influencer launched a creative writing challenge where participants were randomly assigned past national college entrance exam essay prompts. A construction worker was assigned\n \n \n \n \n \"My Mother\"—the 1957 gaokao composition topic.\n \n \n \n
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\n \n 他在这篇作文中写道：\n \n “坟头上的草青了又黄，黄了又青，就像我的念想一样，一年年，总也断不了。我已经当了爸爸，又已经当了爷爷，但我已经三十多年没叫过妈妈了。我想着，等哪天我扛不动水泥了，就回村里挨着那堆土躺下，没准那时候，我再叫妈妈，她就能听见了”\n \n 。\n \n
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\n \n \n \n He wrote:\n \n \n \n \n \"The grass on my mother's grave turns green\n \n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n \n then yellow\n \n \n \n \n ;\n \n \n \n \n yellow\n \n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n \n then green—just like my longing. Year after year, it never fades. I'\n \n \n \n \n ve become a father and then a grandfather, yet it's been over thirty years since I last called out '\n \n \n \n \n Mom'.\n \n \n \n \n I keep thinking, when the day comes that I can no longer haul cement, I'\n \n \n \n \n ll return to the village and lie down beside that mound of earth. Maybe then, if I call for my mother again, she'll hear me.\"\n \n \n \n
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\n \n 这篇文字朴实的作文，一下子打动了网友。据光明网报道，\n \n 视频发布仅48小时，点赞量便突破500万次\n \n ，评论区瞬间涌入十多万条留言。话题“全网都在朗读《我的母亲》”一度登上抖音平台热搜。\n \n
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\n \n \n \n Within 48 hours, the video went viral\n \n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n \n amassing over 5 million likes and 100,000 comments.\n \n \n \n
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\n \n 对于《我的母亲》这篇作文，安大爷告诉央广网记者：\n \n “这篇作文是我家庭生活的真实写照，是我的亲身经历。”\n \n \n
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\n \n 安大爷说，家里兄弟姐妹8人，曾经母亲在世时照顾子女生活起居的场景，如今还历历在目。安大爷表示，\n \n 《我的母亲》这个题目对他来说很亲切，因此决定挑战写作文。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n When asked about the essay, the worker\n \n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n \n surnamed An,\n \n \n \n \n said: \"\n \n \n \n \n This composition reflects\n \n \n \n \n my family's truth—it'\n \n \n \n \n s my own\n \n \n \n \n lived experience.\"\n \n \n \n \n He recalled how his mother cared for him and his seven siblings. \"\n \n \n \n \n The prompt '\n \n \n \n \n My Mother'\n \n \n \n \n felt deeply moving,\"\n \n \n \n \n he explained. \"\n \n \n \n \n That's what compelled me to pour my heart into this writing.\"\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 图源：抖音截图\n \n \n
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\n \n 对于下一步的打算，安大爷表示还想回到零工市场继续打工，\n \n “凭我辛劳挣来的钱，觉得心里面踏实、舒服。”\n \n \n
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\n \n 你觉得这篇《我的母亲》写的怎样？如果你来写《我的母亲》这篇作文，你会怎么写？欢迎评论区坐坐！\n \n
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\n \n \n 综合来源：央广网 光明日报\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 编辑：荆雨昕\n \n \n
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\n \n 人都是趋利避害的动物。\n \n
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\n \n 这是从人性深处来的选择性倾向，有了利，大家都会一窝蜂的上，有了害，大家唯恐沾上自己。\n \n
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\n \n 但危机危机，本意说的就是危险与机遇并存，没有脱离了风险的机遇，也没有不伴随机遇的风险，\n \n
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\n \n 所谓的无风险利率通常采用的是国债的利率，但并不意味着国家信用就是没有风险的。\n \n
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\n \n 桥牌也是如此，有风险，才有机遇，富贵险中求。\n \n
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\n \n 牌例：\n \n
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\n \n 叫牌过程：\n \n
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\n \n 西家首攻 SQ，明手摊牌后，南家判断西家首攻的显然是单张，其目的是希望获得一墩黑桃将吃，\n \n
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\n \n 依此而论，西家大概不会持有HQ－X－X三张将牌， 因为仅就叫牌的进程来看HA－K完全有可能在庄家手中，难道西家会为了将吃一墩黑桃而牺牲掉手中的H 吗？\n \n
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\n \n 对于庄家来说，由于在黑桃中有一个无法避免的输张，所以最危险的局面莫过于东家持有HQ－ 10— X！\n \n
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\n \n 果然如此，庄家便肯定还要再失一墩将牌，那么庄家只有保证仅失一墩草花才能完成定约。\n \n
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\n\n \n 南家根据这样的分析，将做庄路线的基点放在可能最为不利的实际分布上：\n \n
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\n \n 他以 SA得进第一墩后兑现HK,再出小将牌给明手的HA；\n \n
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\n \n 明手回出C10，东家跟出C9，南家依此判断CJ在西家手中而打出CK,西家以CA吃进；\n \n
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\n \n 西家打出DQ，庄家以明手的 DA赢得后续出C3，东家跟出C8，手中以CQ得进并再出第三轮草花给明手的 HJ将吃，东家以HQ盖吃，\n \n
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\n \n 从而形成如下残局：\n \n
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\n \n 东家回出D3，庆家以明手的DK得进并回出第三轮方块，东家垫出S5,南家将吃后打出S3, 明手打出S10,东家只得以S K吃进。\n \n
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\n \n 但东家此后只有黑桃可出，不得不送给明手的SJ得进而垫掉庄家手中的草花输张。\n \n
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\n \n 这样，防守方仅拿到黑桃、将牌和草花各一墩，拉贝出色地完成定约。\n \n
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\n\n \n 从比赛的记录着，这副牌的叫牌结果均是由南家主打4H定约，且大多数西家也都首攻SQ，\n \n
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\n \n 但许多庄家在SA得进第一墩并兑现HK后，却用明手的 HJ去飞，而东家进手后打出H10消灭明手的将牌，从而使庄家输掉两墩草花、一墩将牌和一墩黑桃，定约宕一。\n \n
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\n\n \n 这副牌南家有两处处理得非常精细：\n \n
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\n \n 首先，在推测东家持有，HQ的前提下，先打掉 HK和 HA并从明手打出草花的路线，即使东家持CA 定约也同样可以完成.\n \n
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\n \n 东家如果以CA得进并兑现HQ，庄家虽无法再由明手将吃草花，但手中的CK一Q却已成为赢张，而手中的另一张小草花则仍然可由明手树立的SJ垫掉；\n \n
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\n \n 其次，在上述残局形势下，庄家在明手的DK进手后并不是先打 SJ（或 S10）而是先将吃第三轮方块，的确很有必要，\n \n
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\n \n 因为庄家虽已得知东家持有双张草花和三张将牌，但假如西家原本持有SQ－X双张（这并非没有可能），那么东家此时就会持有四张黑桃和一张方块，\n \n
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\n \n 果真如此，庄家只有将吃第三轮方块消灭掉东家的脱手张，才能使东家落入“剥光投入”的罗网，以确保定约成功。\n \n
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\n \n \n 假期机票价格到底跳的是什么水？\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 这个长假，出境旅游怎么了？\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 我们为什么需要入境旅游？\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 旅游行业应该高度中巴贸易首次实现本币交易这件事！\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 旅游数据可以说明哪些问题？\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 《旅游法》十周年回眸与前瞻：未来该如何营造更好的旅游生态？\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 海南调研手记！\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 一带一路十周年：人文班列、旅游班列推出正当其时！\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 雄安见闻！\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 从放管服说起\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 接着说说双创\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 黄山旅游三季报简单梳理\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 从火爆的微短剧看文化走出去！\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 说着漂亮的，干着实惠的！\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 文化和旅游的下沉市场在哪里？\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 文化和旅游的全国统一大市场应该如何建设？\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 2024，期待更多“科目三”！\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 尔滨也应该核算自己的最优承载量！\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 应该怎么认识智慧图书馆体系建设？\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 从Sora概念股看Sora大模型AI视频生成对文化和旅游的影响！\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 两会来到，文化和旅游领域应该如何打造新质生产力？\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 从胖东来商场变景区看旅游购物的破局方向！\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 应该如何看待深圳试点境外旅客离境退税“即买即退”服务？\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 入境便利化举措对旅行社转型升级是机遇还是挑战？\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 从王婆说媒看我们需要什么样的旅游演艺！\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 建设海洋特色文化和旅游目的地！\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 尔滨今年冬天还会不会“网红”依旧呢？\n \n \n
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\n \n 牌局之中的胜负手往往就在一两张之间。\n \n \n
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\n \n 出对了，不仅完成定约，甚至可以超墩得高分，出错了，原本可成的定约就岌岌可危，转胜为败。\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 牌例：\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 叫牌过程：\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 西家首攻SK，同伴摊牌后庄家便清楚地判断出：\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 西家曾争叫1S，应持有五张黑桃，而东家则为黑桃单张。\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 为此，庄家以明手的SA吃住。\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 明手续出H2，东家跟出H4。\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 这里的关键是：庄家在此应出HJ还是HK？\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 不可否认，西家的争叫已表明防守方的牌力大多集中在他的手中，也就是说，HA更可能在西家；\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 然而在实战中，庄家却果断地打出HK并赢得这墩！\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 庄家续出HJ，结果使防守方的HA和HQ同时落下。\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 东家进手后，由于已无黑桃可出，无奈只好回出低花，实战中他回出D2。\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 事实上，不论东家回出方块还是草花，庄家随后的做庄路线都不会有什么区别：\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 兑现掉手中的DA-K和CA-K，再出H3给明手的H8赢得，明手兑现CQ-J垫掉手中的两个黑桃输张。\n \n
\n\n \n \n
\n\n \n 这样，防守方仅拿到一墩黑桃和一墩红心，庄家超额一墩完成定约。\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 庄家这样解释道：\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 在有些情况下，定约的成败是由某此关键牌张的位置决定的。\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 对此，首先假设某一关键牌张的位置往往会有助于定约的完成。\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 倘若除此之外，你还有其它完成定约的机会，那么你当然可以允许这种假设是错的；\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 但如果是非对不可，那你就只能在此假设的基础上去制订你的打牌路线。\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 就这副牌来说，我认为只有HA在东家手中定约才可能完成，尽管西家曾进行过争叫。\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 为了更好地理解庄家的做庄思路，这里我们不妨就防守方可能的将牌分布与庄家所应采取的打法进行分析：\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 如果HA-Q均在西家手中，显然西家就肯定可以拿到两墩红心和两墩黑桃，庄家对此将无计可施；\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 不仅如此，即使HQ在东家，只要西家持有HA，定约也同样要失败，因为不论庄家在第一轮吊将时从手中打出HK还是HJ，西家都将用HA吃住，并且还会在赢得两墩黑桃后再续出第四轮黑桃，这样东家的HQ就可对明手的将吃进行盖吃，防守方依旧可以拿到四墩牌。\n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n 只要HA在东家手中，那么即使他持有HA-Q-*三张将牌，无论庄家打出HK还是HJ结果都将一样，定约均可完成。\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 其原因是：在肃清将牌前明手已没有再次进手的机会，所以即使庄家在第一轮吊将时用HJ赢得，但随后却不得不从手中打出将牌，定约方将无法避免地输两墩将牌给东家；\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 不过由于东家仅有单张黑桃，因此不论东家在得到两墩将牌后回出哪一门低花，庄家都可以先拿掉DA-K和CA-K后再出H3给明手的H8进手，从而用明手的CQ-J垫掉手中的两个黑桃输张，结果防守方所能获得的只能是一墩黑桃和两墩将牌。\n \n
\n\n \n \n
\n\n \n 如果东家持有HA-Q-7-4全部四张将牌，那么东家就可通过忍让使明手失去进手机会，并且还将肯定要拿到两墩将牌，因此在第一轮吊将时无论在庄家打出HK还是HJ效果都是一样；\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 至于定约能否完成，则要取决于东家手中方块的张数。在此情况下，庄家在HK进手后，先兑现CA-K再打掉DA-K，然后再用将牌投入东家之手，假如东家原本仅有两张方块，定约即可完成；否则就会失败。\n \n
\n\n \n \n
\n\n \n 如果东家持有HA-*-*或HA-*，那么，在第一轮吊将东家跟出H*的情况下，庄家从手中打出HK就是至关重要的！\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 因为这一打法将使西家的HQ失去进手的机会，从而保证了定约的安全，并且还将超额一墩完成定约。\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 反之，若庄家在此打出的是HJ，则定约就要以失败而告终。\n \n
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\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n 假期机票价格到底跳的是什么水？\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 这个长假，出境旅游怎么了？\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 我们为什么需要入境旅游？\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 旅游行业应该高度中巴贸易首次实现本币交易这件事！\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 旅游数据可以说明哪些问题？\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 《旅游法》十周年回眸与前瞻：未来该如何营造更好的旅游生态？\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 海南调研手记！\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 一带一路十周年：人文班列、旅游班列推出正当其时！\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 雄安见闻！\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 从放管服说起\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 接着说说双创\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 黄山旅游三季报简单梳理\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 从火爆的微短剧看文化走出去！\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 说着漂亮的，干着实惠的！\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 文化和旅游的下沉市场在哪里？\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 文化和旅游的全国统一大市场应该如何建设？\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 2024，期待更多“科目三”！\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 尔滨也应该核算自己的最优承载量！\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 应该怎么认识智慧图书馆体系建设？\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 从Sora概念股看Sora大模型AI视频生成对文化和旅游的影响！\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 两会来到，文化和旅游领域应该如何打造新质生产力？\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 从胖东来商场变景区看旅游购物的破局方向！\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 应该如何看待深圳试点境外旅客离境退税“即买即退”服务？\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 入境便利化举措对旅行社转型升级是机遇还是挑战？\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 从王婆说媒看我们需要什么样的旅游演艺！\n \n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n \n \n 不在高峰时慕名而来，不在低谷时转身走开！\n \n \n \n \n \n
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\n \n
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\n \n \n 2025年7月29日，周二\n \n \n \n \n 。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n
\n \n \n
\n \n \n 上周六，去看电影，本来计划的是出去爬山，但是周五的时候下了一夜的雨，爬山就不安全了。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n
\n \n \n
\n \n \n 实在是太热了。\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 影院里人不多，基本上是2个人可以占一排那种。\n \n
\n\n \n \n 。\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n \n \n 不在高峰时慕名而来，不在低谷时转身走开！\n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
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\n \n \n 2025年7月25日，周五\n \n \n \n \n 。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 周三，娃妈说要晚归，不吃饭。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n
\n \n \n
\n \n \n 带娃出门吃饭，这一年来已经非常懒的去做饭了。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n
\n \n \n
\n \n \n 下大雨，一开始雨小，娃还很开心，说什么就喜欢下雨天。。\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 。\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 若几十岁了还没读过《道德经》，那就太可惜了。\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 听过无数道理，都不如去看智慧之源、万经之首《道德经》。\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 2000多年来，它一直是中国文化思想的一座主峰。\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n \n 无论我们处于何种阶段，什么年龄，道德经里都有我们要学的智慧。\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 即使身处低谷，只要凭着书中智慧，我们也终究会东山再起。\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n *《道德经》，又名《老子》。\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 古今中外的高人，谈起道德经，已不再是读没读过的问题，而是读了多少遍。\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n\n\n \n \n 尼采说，《道德经》像一个永不枯竭的井泉，满载宝藏。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 鲁迅说，不读《老子》就不知中国文化，不知宇宙真谛。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 马云直言：道德经是他受益最深的，也是真正的人类智慧。无论何地他都随身携带。\n \n \n
\n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 虽然只有短短的5126字，但道尽无穷人生、宇宙与生命的智慧。\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 都说，\n \n \n \n 如果没有道德经，中国传统文化思想将失去一大半光彩。\n \n \n \n
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\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n \n 2000年来，它指引无数人从低谷走出，从迷茫走向开阔，被奉为一生的“精神导师”：\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n \n 日本经营之神松下幸之助\n \n \n \n ，最推崇老子的管理哲学，“道可道，非常道”。\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 帝王\n \n \n \n 唐太宗、朱元璋、宋徽宗\n \n \n \n 更是亲自注解道德经。\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 《道德经》虽篇幅不长，但内容博大精深、深藏玄机。\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 原著文言文，直接读如看天书，常人难理解，也难读完。\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 况且，\n \n \n \n 真正的道，不是读来的，是靠悟出来的。\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 若要真正读懂、悟懂道德经，并会学以致用。\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 我强烈推荐这套\n \n \n \n 《道德经与庄子全集》文白对照解析精装版全4册。\n \n \n \n
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\n \n
\n \n \n \n 无删减全文+注释+译文+详细解析+海量历史典故解读\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 真正一套，让我觉得老子庄子没那么难懂的读物。\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 海量历史典故故事去阐释老庄智慧。\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 读故事上瘾同时，还知如何学以致用。\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
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\n \n
\n \n \n \n 首先它够全，一字未删，权威底本，全文收录；\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 全文道德经与庄子，一书得道家巅峰双作。\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 第一、二册为道德经，二册下到第四册为庄子。\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n \n 其次它不仅有原文+注释+译文，还有详细解析。\n \n \n \n
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\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
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\n \n \n 每一篇章都有\n \n \n \n 两到三千字详细解析\n \n \n \n ，从字面到内涵层层剖析：\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n\n\n \n \n 比如讲道德经中\n \n \n \n “持而盈之，不如其已……功遂身退，天之道也。”\n \n \n \n
\n
\n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 从字面意思，延伸适可而止，恰到好处的道理，再到借用外力的坚强不长久……\n \n \n
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\n \n
\n \n \n \n 详细解析，让你真正逐句吃透。\n \n \n \n
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\n \n
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\n \n
\n \n \n \n 最最最重要的是，海量历史故事讲透老庄，让智慧真正消化成为自己的！\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 如讲\n \n \n \n \n “上善若水，水利万物而不争……”\n \n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 从三国吕布因陈登痛失小沛，到汉文帝与周亚夫，到魏征与唐太宗进谏，岳飞与宋高宗……六个典故故事结合现实讲透一章节。\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 深入浅出，通俗易懂，叫人读了会学以致用，全是\n \n \n \n 为人处世、修身养性、宇宙天地、治国安邦、管理治世\n \n \n \n 的智慧。\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 每一篇篇幅不长，像读一篇篇故事，边读边领悟真正的道。\n \n \n
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\n \n
\n \n \n \n 这也是市面罕见的，在历史案例中举一反三讲透老庄的版本。\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 极大的丰富我们的历史见识。\n \n \n
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\n \n
\n \n \n 难怪，获得一致好评：\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 无需花大量精力琢磨原著，就能轻松得道。\n \n \n
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\n \n
\n \n \n 这样一套经典，收入囊中，会成为影响你一生的宝典，一辈子的智慧源泉。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 无论你是多少岁，只要手握一本《道德经》。\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n \n 就能让你如得高人指点，少走许多弯路。\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 无论是翻上几页，你都能获得“道可道，非常道”、“无为而治”等等“中式智慧”的博大精深：\n \n \n
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\n \n
\n\n\n \n \n 年轻求生存，“持而盈之，不如其已，揣而锐之，不可长保”，不要事事争先，因为枪打出头鸟；\n \n \n
\n
\n \n \n\n \n \n
\n
\n \n \n\n \n \n 中年求安稳，“上善若水”，但“攻坚强者，莫之能胜”，水能包容万物，也能水滴石穿，做人如此，才有力量；\n \n \n
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\n
\n \n \n\n \n \n 老年求健康，“致虚极，守静笃”，养生养精神，保持内心的平和，比进补有用1000倍；\n \n \n
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\n \n
\n \n \n 也难怪，作为“万经之王”，中国最高智慧的它，一流行，就是2000年。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n 短短5126个字，却讲透了在中国社会生存，受用一辈子的处事智慧。\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 书中译文相当精准，而且非常雅致，将老庄意思原意高度还原：\n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n \n 原文：\n \n \n \n \n \n “持而盈之，不如其已……功遂身退，天之道也。”\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n \n 译文：\n \n \n \n \n \n 执持盈满，不如适时停止。显露锋芒，锐势难以保持长久……一件事做得圆满了，就要含藏收敛，这是符合自然规律的道理。\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 还有详细解析，深入讲解，如，\n \n \n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n 原文：\n \n \n \n \n \n “夫轻诺必寡信，多易必多难”。\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n \n 解析节选：\n \n \n \n \n \n 轻易许诺的人不慎重考虑问题，把问题看简单了，实际去做时却发现不是当初想的那么容易，造成寡信。人一旦失信于人就很难得众人帮助……\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n 不仅如此，书中充满哲理的金句，精彩纷呈：\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 做人脱俗，应事随时；\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 人不应该做情绪的奴隶；\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 做到静，才能把握住动；\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 以无谓的态度去有所作为，以不滋事的方法去处理事物。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 它就像一把尺子，哪里做的不好，哪里做的不好，用它一量，就全知道了。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 读完便可\n \n \n \n “见自己，见天地，见众生”。\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 《道德经》五千言，博大精深，大至天地，小至尘泥，到修身、养生、处世、治国，万象森罗，尽收眼底：\n \n \n
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\n\n\n \n \n 谈天地法则：道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 谈处世原则：金玉满堂，莫之能守。富贵而骄，自遗其咎。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 谈人生心态：飘风不终朝，骤雨不终日。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 推荐这套版本每一章节后面都有五个左右历史故事加深理解。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n 但凡每多读一个故事，都能理解更深一层意思，\n \n \n \n 实在是大涨见识！\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 比如道德经开篇第一章，讲\n \n \n \n “道可道非常道，名可名非常名……”\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 司马懿被诸葛亮空城计吓退，二战英军设圈套分散希特勒兵力，唐朝李林甫的上位历程，再到曹操被刘备孙权分三国……6个历史故事层层解析。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 拆解何为道，如何得道，为何常人忽视道……延伸到人的固定思维，谈到真正决定成败的关键因素……\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 360度深入讲透道德经每一句。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n 我真实是越读越喜欢读，篇篇刷新认识！\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 再比如，讲\n \n \n \n “持而盈之，不如其已……功遂身退，天之道也。”\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 从讲韩信张良结局比较、历史和平削除兵权，战国鲁庄公齐桓公的故事，楚襄王，春申君爱妾的故事……\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 书中这样的小故事还有很多。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 一个个真实历史事件，读着读着，叫人不懂都难！\n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n 既能增长智慧，又能拓宽历史眼界，一举两得。\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n \n \n 只需68元\n \n \n \n \n \n ，\n \n \n \n \n \n 两部道家智慧巅峰之作入手，相当划算！\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 如果说道德经是浓缩的精华，庄子则是有更多的例子来说明和运用。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 都说，\n \n \n \n 只要读懂了庄子，人生任何问题都会迎刃而解。\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 《庄子》有太多的智慧，也影响了无数牛人：\n \n \n
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\n\n\n \n \n 苏东坡读了，感慨“竹杖芒鞋轻胜马，谁怕？一蓑烟雨任平生”；\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 陶渊明读了，写下“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”；\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n 李白、曹雪芹、木心……无不受庄子影响。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 这本书不仅有完整无删减版的原文，还有注释，生僻字注音，详细解析，将庄子的智慧说得一看就懂。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n 不执着于原文的逐字意思，而旨在对文章的精神内涵和意旨深入解读，让你真领悟。\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 如 庄子说：\n \n \n \n 人生天地之间，若白驹之过隙，忽然而已。\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 提醒我们，一生恍如一瞬，总要留点时间，看云卷云舒。珍惜时间并非利用时间，而是享用时间。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 如：\n \n \n \n 鹪鹩巢于深林，不过一枝；偃鼠饮河，不过满腹。\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 真正智慧的人，懂得给自己做减法，减去杂念，化繁为简，才有味是清欢。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 讲述庄子深奥难懂的《在宥》用了5个故事讲透其背后的智慧。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 鲁国宓子贱仁政爱民，曹操以义动人，秦穆公不爱良马爱百姓；孟子仁义谏宣王……\n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n 如一篇篇短篇小说，看完本书不亚于看了一部三国和春秋战国史。\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n 大量经典历史故事，让你透彻领悟庄子，\n \n \n \n 找到人生的一个又一个答案。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 老子，冷静观照，内敛克制，以柔克刚；\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 庄子，亦庄亦谐，率真率性，浪漫自在；\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 他们像一个人的两面，有克制，也有自由的一面，才叫完整。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 作品中有源源不断的人生智慧，更有人类追寻的终极理想。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n 越来越多读过的人，将老庄看作是找回自我、活得自在的救世良方。\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 只要你识字，这本书就能让你吃透《道德经》《庄子》中的智慧精华。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 哪怕领悟能力很差，也能迅速升级你的为人处事能力。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 不仅内容扎实，还有\n \n \n \n 全文原文+注释+详细解析+历史故事深度解读。\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 其装帧和品质也是相当赞。\n \n \n \n 绸面精装，烫漆字，压凹工艺，触感精致有质感。\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 锁线装订，既能180度平铺阅读，又结实耐用。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 而且有\n \n \n \n 加厚纸箱，抗压泡沫，防水塑封，完全不用担心快递运输过程中的磕碰。\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 值得家藏，亦或馈赠友人都十分得体。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 价格不贵，却能影响你一生的智慧之书，彷佛结交了一位智者在学习。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 建议人手一套，越早读越好！\n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n 看其他书是踏上进步的阶梯，读它们则是直接登上高山之巅。\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 久而久之，你会养成高瞻远瞩的气魄、静中生慧的气场和自在洒脱的超然。\n \n \n
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\n \n 继续名局赏析系列。\n \n
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\n \n 今天要给大家分享的这副牌来自小平同志\n \n \n \n 。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 当时，WG刚刚结束，小平同志到上海工作的间歇中打牌放松。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 小平当时坐在西家。\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 这幅牌，南家开叫，双方有局。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 南家开叫1草花，西家争叫1黑桃，北家技术性加倍。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 目的是，想让同伴叫出另外的套。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 但是南家方块很弱，且在黑桃上有2个止张，于是叫了1无将。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 北家5无将邀请，南家就上了。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 于是，南家主打一个6无将的小满贯定约。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 西家首攻了黑桃Q。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 南家A吃进，然后进行了一个较长时间的思考。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 现在，大家也可以考虑一下，怎么打才能做成这个定约。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 南家的考虑是，飞中方块Q，然后还得考虑飞草花K。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 定约存在变数。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 所以，南家最终的决定是加快打牌速度，看是不是西家会在出牌速度较快的情况下出现垫牌失误。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 然后再从出牌的情况来决定到底采用什么打法。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 于是，南家飞方块，连续赢进4个方块，然后出红桃，赢尽4个。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 这个过程中，西家垫了两个草花和黑桃。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 南家发现西家垫牌速度是正常的，所以猜测西家草花是K和一张小牌。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 所以，决定从手中打黑桃，投入西家。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 但，西家冒险留下的是单张草花K。最终定约失败。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 小平这局之后，笑着说，当时首攻之后南家考虑了很久，后面打牌又很快，所以就觉得必然有蹊跷，所以就冒险这样做了。\n \n \n \n
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\n \n 全牌如下：\n \n \n
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\n \n 刚接触这个词语的时候，很犹豫还没迷茫，雌雄这个东西不是一眼就看穿了嘛？\n \n
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\n \n 怎么还要决？\n \n
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\n \n 一决雌雄，还有说法是决一雌雄，一决还好理解，就是分辨一下，决一就有些残忍了，这么多人就争一个还不好分辨的雌雄？\n \n
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\n \n 后来想想，雌雄这个东西，还真是要决一决，道理这个东西，大家慢慢想，小风子就不扯了，上牌了。\n \n
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\n \n 牌例：\n \n
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\n \n 叫牌过程如下：\n \n
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\n \n 西家首攻CQ，明手摊牌后庄家即看到问题的严重性：\n \n
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\n \n 定约方仅有17点大牌及将牌4-4配合，而且在边花中也无单缺；\n \n
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\n \n 显然，同伴在仅有4点牌力且牌型为4—4—3—2过于平均的情况下，选择自由跳应3D实在太过分。\n \n
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\n \n 东家以CK盖拿第一墩后又兑现CA，在得知西家只有双张草花后换出S9，庄家打出SK，西家以SA得进；\n \n
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\n \n 西家回出HQ，东家以HA赢得后再打出CJ。\n \n
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\n \n 至此，防守方已拿到四墩牌，定约的命运已岌岌可危。\n \n
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\n \n 对此，庄家选择这样的打法：\n \n
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\n \n 手中以DK将吃得进后出D5吊将，西家跟出D3，明手用D9飞，成功！\n \n
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\n \n 此时的形势是：\n \n
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\n \n 明手续出C9，东家盖出C10，庄家以DQ将吃。\n \n
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\n \n 这使西家颇感为难：\n \n
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\n \n 由于HK显然是在庄家手中，所以西家不能垫出红心，否则在庄家兑现HK后，明手的H10就将升值为赢张。\n \n
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\n \n 在实战中，西家垫S4!\n \n
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\n \n 庄家随即打出D6,西家跟出D8，明手再用D10飞，东家跟出D7；\n \n
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\n \n 由于已知对方的将牌为2-3分布，因而庄家兑现了明手的DA肃清将牌，手中则垫掉H8；\n \n
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\n \n 明手回出S7给手中的SQ得进，庄家再出S2给明手的D4将吃，结果同时击落西家的SJ和东家的S10，从而使手中的S8树立成为赢张。\n \n
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\n \n 就这样，庄家手中的HK和S8便拿到最后两墩，庄家终于完成定约。\n \n
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\n \n \n \n \n 不在高峰时慕名而来，不在低谷时转身走开！\n \n \n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 2025年7月16日，周三\n \n \n \n \n 。\n \n \n
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\n \n 周二，下雨了。\n \n
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\n \n 前一晚，出门走路，回来想着躺一下就起来干活，没想到再睁眼的时候已经是第二天的早上了。\n \n
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\n \n 起来，干活，然后外面下起了大雨。\n \n
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\n \n \n \n \n 不在高峰时慕名而来，不在低谷时转身走开！\n \n \n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 2025年7月14日，周一\n \n \n \n \n 。\n \n \n
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\n \n 闷热的天气越来越像南方了。\n \n
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\n \n 每天早上出门，会给娃一个单子，上面写的是一些任务，想着不要在家里总是睡觉、看视频。\n \n
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\n \n 从这几天来看，完成的还不错。\n \n
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\n \n \n 由国家体育总局棋牌运动管理中心、中国桥牌协会主办的“奔跑吧·少年”桥牌系列赛事活动自启动以来，得到了广泛关注与积极参与。通过全国桥牌少年智慧接力赛、全国桥牌青少年夏令营以及桥牌“进校园”等赛事活动开展，为青少年桥牌爱好者搭建友谊之“桥”、快乐之“桥”。\n \n \n
\n\n \n 望小牌手们以梦为马，不负韶华，智慧奔跑，赴成长之约！\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 全国桥牌综合锦标赛\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 在2025年全国桥牌综合锦标赛青年赛场上，有多支天津（缦缨）代表队，其中天津三队（缦缨）和天津二队（缦缨）表现亮眼，包揽了青年团体赛U16公开组的亚军和季军。担任天津一队（缦缨）领队的缦缨（天津）桥牌俱乐部出资人唐涤飞表示，看到天津青少年队站上领奖台非常高兴，而自己乐于为天津桥牌青训提供助力。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n 天津三队（缦缨）和天津二队（缦缨）包揽了青年团体赛U16公开组亚军和季军\n \n \n \n
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\n \n 唐涤飞身为海南缦缨桥牌俱乐部主席，也是一位高水平桥牌选手，曾经代表天津队参加国内比赛，与时任天津桥牌队队长的名将郑一心很熟悉。2023年底，郑一心主动向唐涤飞提出建议，能否在偏重桥牌竞技人才培养方面提供一些支持。他认为这一建议很好，于是与郑一心和天津著名女牌手志珍三人联手成立了缦缨（天津）桥牌俱乐部。值得一提的是，这一工作得到了天津市桥协的大力支持，因为大家的目标是一致的，那就是全力做好天津青少年桥牌培训工作。\n \n
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\n\n \n \n \n 唐涤飞在比赛中\n \n \n \n
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\n \n 今年初，缦缨（天津）桥牌俱乐部正式选派队伍参加了在石家庄举行的2025年全国桥牌少年团体赛，前不久派出两支队伍参加了在北京举行的2025年“业之峰杯”中国桥牌青少年精英赛。唐涤飞说，此次组队参加本届全国桥牌综合锦标赛是天津市桥协主导，派出了14支青年队伍，分别是：7支U16公开队、4支U16女队、2支U21队、1支U26队。此外，郑一心带领两男两女4名小牌手组成缦缨（天津）参加了混合团体赛，在109支参赛队中名列第五十四。\n \n
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\n \n 唐涤飞本人也是本届比赛的参赛者，他带领海南缦缨获得了混合团体赛第十四名，正在参加瑞士团体赛，还将参加公开团体赛。\n \n
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\n \n 说到所成立的缦缨（天津）桥牌俱乐部与天津市桥协形成合力做天津桥牌青训工作的初衷，唐涤飞表示，还是缘于自己对桥牌的深刻认识和切身体会，“如果有人问我在所有智力运动中选学哪一个项目，我的推荐是，重要的事情说三遍：桥牌、桥牌、还是桥牌”。桥牌对于青少年的自身成长很有帮助，同时能够培养他们的团队合作意识，摒弃他们从小在家庭养成的以自我为中心的习惯认知，因为打桥牌会教会他，成功必须依赖搭档和团队。总之，桥牌会教会他们做好准确的自我定位、积极沟通和团结协作。\n \n
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\n \n 唐涤飞强调说，在天津市桥协多年来的积极努力下，天津青少年桥牌工作拥有很好的发展局面，自己现在所做的只是锦上添花。但自己非常乐于为天津桥牌青训提供助力，特别希望与天津市桥协和桥牌人共同努力做好天津桥牌青训工作。\n \n
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\n \n \n 8月12日，正在上海汽车会展中心举行的2025年全国桥牌综合锦标赛结束了第五个比赛日，混合团体赛结束了半决赛，\n \n 湖北队和北京恒洲\n \n 杀进决赛，将争夺冠军。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 混合团体赛半决赛进行了4节共打48副牌，湖北队和北京恒洲分别淘汰战马和北京如海，进入最终的冠军争夺战。战马和北京如海将争夺第三名。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 混合双人赛今天进行了复赛的全部14轮比赛，积分排名前十六对的选手进入了决赛阶段。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 今天开赛的瑞士团体赛有79支参赛队，经过8轮预赛共打48副牌，积分排名前二十四的队伍进入决赛阶段。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 青年团体赛U26组有13支参赛队，今天结束了6轮积分排位赛的前4轮，青岛赛轮预备队、天津一队（缦缨）、梦回浙附暂居积分榜前三名。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 青年团体赛U21组有21支参赛队，6轮积分排位赛前4轮战罢，战马青年、无将加农炮和森林队暂时排名前三。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 青年双人赛U16结束了预赛全部14轮比赛，前十六对的选手进入决赛。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 由国家体育总局棋牌运动管理中心、中国桥牌协会主办的“奔跑吧·少年”桥牌系列赛事活动自启动以来，得到了广泛关注与积极参与。通过全国桥牌少年智慧接力赛、全国桥牌青少年夏令营以及桥牌“进校园”等赛事活动开展，为青少年桥牌爱好者搭建友谊之“桥”、快乐之“桥”。\n \n \n
\n\n \n 望小牌手们以梦为马，不负韶华，智慧奔跑，赴成长之约！\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 2025年全国桥牌综合锦标赛正在上海汽车会展中心火热进行中，连日来，设在赛场外的\n \n 《桥牌》杂志服务处\n \n 成了小选手的好去处，他们每轮比赛结束后纷纷飞奔到杂志展示栏，拿起一本急切地翻找自己感兴趣的内容，认真阅读。那如饥似渴的表情令人动容。\n \n \n
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\n \n 考虑到本届全国桥牌综合锦标赛参赛人数多，为了服务广大桥牌爱好者，《桥牌》杂志编辑部在赛场外的服务区设立了杂志展示栏，将今年已经出版的第1至8期杂志全部展出，组委会专门制作了“桥牌杂志服务处”的易拉宝竖在一旁，格外醒目。\n \n
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\n \n 小选手们边看边与小伙伴分享：\n \n
\n\n \n “你看这副牌叫了7无将！”\n \n
\n\n \n “我喜欢看大师分排名！啊，我知道鞠传成！”\n \n
\n\n \n “我知道福中！他是世界冠军！”\n \n
\n\n \n “我喜欢看桥牌AI，AI打不过人呢。”\n \n
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\n \n 不少小选手觉得临时阅读不过瘾，问能不能拿走，被告知拿走后别人就看不了时，脸上露出遗憾和失落的表情。陪着孩子参赛的家长看到孩子是真心喜欢，纷纷现场订阅。\n \n
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\n \n \n 得知外公给自己买了杂志，小选手陈虓翎开心地笑了\n \n \n
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\n \n 陪着10岁的外孙陈虓翎参赛的俞文虎说，自己就是《桥牌》杂志的忠实读者，当年自己与桥友打桥牌的图片曾经被当作封面，现在的杂志更新了很多内容，而且增加青少年园地栏目，适合青少年牌手阅读，对孩子学习桥牌很有帮助。小外孙听外公说给他买了一套《桥牌》杂志，特别高兴。\n \n
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\n \n \n 张宁（左）与桥牌学生\n \n \n
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\n \n 看到孩子们喜欢看《桥牌》杂志，带队参赛的北京臻禾桥牌俱乐部主教练张宁现场与教练和家长们商量给孩子们集中购买10套，让他们通过阅读这本专业而权威的桥牌刊物进一步激发桥牌热情和进步的动力。\n \n
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\n \n 一对陪伴孩子参赛的年轻夫妇第一次见到《桥牌》杂志，其中妈妈问：“这是正规出版物吗？是新出版的吗？”\n \n
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\n \n 得知《桥牌》杂志创刊于1985年，已经有40年的出版历史，是国家体育总局主管、中国桥牌协会与中国体育报业总社有限公司联合主办的国家级刊物，他们现场订购了一套。\n \n
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\n \n 来自温州的家长李群则预订了2026年的全年期，他说今年给孩子订了，孩子很喜欢看，反正明年也要订，直接从编辑部订阅更便捷。\n \n
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\n \n 不少家长、带队教练和老师还纷纷表示，希望《桥牌》杂志再增加一些适合孩子们学习和阅读的内容，期待《桥牌》杂志越办越好。\n \n
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\n\n \n \n 《桥牌》杂志是由国家体育总局主管、中国桥牌协会与中国体育报业总社有限公司联合主办的行业媒体，担负着讲好中国桥牌故事、唱响中国桥牌主旋律、为体育强国和健康中国建设贡献桥牌力量的使命和责任。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 《桥牌》杂志创刊于1985年，刊名是已故中国桥牌协会名誉主席万里所题写。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 40年来，《桥牌》杂志一直是我国桥牌事业发展的重要推动力量。大力宣传报道中国桥牌事业发展一直是《桥牌》杂志的重要责任和义务。多年来，在国家体育总局党组的坚强领导下，在联合主办方的通力合作和积极努力下，《桥牌》杂志在桥牌宣传报道中发挥了重要作用。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 《桥牌》杂志是国内唯一全国发行的国家级桥牌刊物，具有不可替代的品牌影响力，行业特点突出，拥有广泛的读者群体。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 目前《桥牌》杂志在做好桥牌宣传工作的同时，正在深耕细作内容、拓展传播渠道，力争成为国内一流品牌专业刊物，为中国桥牌事业高质量发展贡献力量。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 《桥牌》杂志为月刊，每年出版12期，16开，内文64页，全年订购价格276元（含每期3元挂号费）。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n 全国桥牌综合锦标赛\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 2025年全国桥牌综合锦标赛正在上海汽车会展中心举行，青年组赛场外的休息区坐满了家长、教练、领队。俞文虎的身份是陪着外孙参赛的外公，而他本人也是一位拥有40年牌龄的资深桥牌爱好者。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 俞文虎陪着外孙陈虓翎参加比赛\n \n \n
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\n \n 俞文虎的外孙陈虓翎今年10岁，此次代表闵行猛虎队参加U16公开组比赛。\n \n
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\n \n 俞文虎介绍说，外孙就读于上海市七宝外国语小学，这所民办小学是桥牌特色学校，每周二下午有固定的桥牌课。外孙从小学二年级开始学习桥牌，现在越来越喜欢桥牌这项智力运动。此次是外孙这个暑假参加的第四个桥牌比赛，外孙喜欢外公陪着参赛，而外公也乐得做陪赛人，爷孙俩为桥牌而快乐着。\n \n
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\n \n 俞文虎本人早在40年前就学会了打桥牌，他说当时他所在的上海县虹桥乡桥牌氛围很好，乡里组织的桥牌比赛都会有20多支参赛队，他本人就是其中的众多爱好者之一。工作多年，他一直保持着打桥牌的爱好，退休后则在闵行区从事桥牌培训，目前带8个孩子，而自己做的就是桥牌启蒙工作。令他欣慰的是，虽然女儿没有受他的影响学习桥牌，但小外孙从二年级就开始接受了桥牌教育，如今更是对桥牌有着浓厚的兴趣。\n \n
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\n \n 他说，小外孙学习桥牌后，原本外向的性格更加开朗，情商更高，参加比赛都是积极主动上场，与小伙伴相处得很好。这让他看在眼里，喜在心中，“这意味着在我们家中桥牌有了传承”。由于是桥牌爱好者，俞文虎深知桥牌对于孩子的成长、人品人格的养成都具有积极的作用和意义，甚至对孩子的未来工作和生活都很有帮助，因此他积极鼓励小外孙学习桥牌。此次参赛，俞文虎陪着小外孙早出晚归，虽然辛苦，但他觉得很值得。\n \n
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\n \n 他说，其实小外孙兴趣广泛，拉小提琴、打乒乓球、打篮球、游泳，但这些丝毫不减少他打桥牌的兴致。新学期开始，俞文虎的小外孙就要升入四年级，他说，自己在小外孙读书方面虽然帮不上忙，但在打桥牌方面一定会提供帮助和支持。为了帮助小外孙学习桥牌，俞文虎还给他订购了一套2025年《桥牌》杂志。\n \n
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\n \n \n 全民健身，桥牌同行，今年的8月8日是我国第17个“全民健身日”，而2025年全国桥牌综合锦标赛恰逢这一特殊的日子。来自全国各地的男女老少桥牌爱好者走进设在上海汽车会展中心的偌大赛场，展开一场智力博弈，尽享桥牌欢乐。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 对于本届超大规模的桥牌赛事与“全民健身日”撞日，中国桥牌协会负责人表示，这无疑为本届赛事更赋予了“全民健身 全民共享”的特殊意义。桥牌是体育的组成部分，是一项适合全龄参与的智力运动项目，深受大家喜欢，而且有着团结协作、沟通协调的鲜明特点，对于青少年具有开发智力、培养综合能力的功能，对于中年人来说，可以提高抗压能力，减轻工作和生活压力，而对于老年人来说，可以提供社交机会，丰富老年生活。总之，桥牌因对全龄友好，粘性很大，一个人一旦学会了打桥牌，会伴随终身。\n \n \n
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\n \n 正是考虑到桥牌的项目特点，中国桥牌协会一直致力于桥牌普及推广，创新普及方式，改革教学方法，吸引不同人群对桥牌产生兴趣，继而积极参与桥牌。中国桥牌协会创办全国桥牌综合锦标赛的目的就是为广大桥牌爱好者提供一个赛事平台，让不同年龄、不同水平的爱好者都能够走进赛场，比拼牌技，享受桥牌。这一赛事创办三年来，广受大家欢迎，吸引力逐年增大，本届比赛的组别已经增加为22个，赛事规模再创新高，涵盖了从青少年到中老年的全年龄段选手，这不仅是爱好者对赛事本身的认可，更显现出桥牌运动在全民健身浪潮中日益增长的吸引力。希望以举办本次比赛为契机，能够让更多人了解到桥牌启迪智慧、传递友谊的功能和价值，让桥牌真正走进大众生活，成为大家喜闻乐见的健康生活选择，为全民健身事业增添一抹智慧的亮色。\n \n
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\n \n \n \n \n 2025年全国桥牌综合锦标赛\n \n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 将于8月8日至8月17日\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 在上海汽车会展中心举行\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 嘉定为参赛选手们准备了\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 缤纷多样的联动优惠\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 赶紧来一睹为快吧！\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n \n 2025年8月8日-2025年8月17日\n \n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 参赛选手凭\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n \n “\n \n \n \n \n \n \n 2025年全国桥牌综合锦标赛”\n \n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n \n 参赛证件\n \n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 可至对应商家处享受优惠\n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n 参赛证件样式参考\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 优惠信息\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 赛事之余\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 带上参赛证件即可享受\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 缤纷多样的联动优惠\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 让这场桥牌之旅精彩满满\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 尽情感受嘉定的魅力\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 留下一段难忘的记忆吧！\n \n \n \n
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\n \n 桥牌协字〔2025〕44号\n \n
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\n \n \n \n \n \n 中国桥牌协会关于发布《中国桥牌协会桥牌讲师管理办法》的通知\n \n \n \n \n \n
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\n \n 各相关单位和个人：\n \n
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\n \n 为进一步规范桥牌讲师管理，提升桥牌教学质量和讲师队伍的专业化水平，根据当前桥牌运动发展需要，结合工作实际，中国桥牌协会修订了《中国桥牌协会桥牌讲师管理办法》。经广泛征求意见，现正式发布，请参照执行。\n \n
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\n \n 中国桥牌协会\n \n
\n\n \n 2025年8月5日\n \n
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\n \n \n \n 中国桥牌协会桥牌讲师管理办法\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 第一章 总 则\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n 第一条 桥牌讲师是发展我国桥牌事业，推广桥牌运动，普及桥牌知识，宣传桥牌文化，促进桥牌爱好者精神文明建设和优良素质培养的一支重要力量。为鼓励桥牌讲师积极从事桥牌普及推广工作，加强桥牌讲师队伍的建设与管理，制定本管理办法。\n \n
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\n \n 第二条 桥牌讲师是指在中国桥牌协会各单位会员及相关单位、组织和机构中从事桥牌知识普及、桥牌技能传授、桥牌技术指导等桥牌教学培训活动的人员。凡经过专业培训，通过技术等级考试，符合桥牌讲师条件，能履行桥牌讲师职责者，均可根据本管理办法的规定，申请并获得中国桥牌协会桥牌讲师资质和技术等级。\n \n
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\n \n 第三条 桥牌讲师技术等级从低至高为：初级桥牌讲师、中级桥牌讲师、高级桥牌讲师、国家级桥牌讲师。\n \n
\n\n \n \n 第二章 权利和义务\n \n \n
\n\n \n 第四条 各级桥牌讲师依照本管理办法享有以下权利：\n \n
\n\n \n （一）可以获得中国桥牌协会授予相应的桥牌讲师技术等级称号，并享有与该等级桥牌讲师相对应的各项权利。\n \n
\n\n \n （二）具有参加中国桥牌协会及其所在地桥牌协会和机构组织的桥牌讲师培训和晋升考试的权利。\n \n
\n\n \n （三）可以获得中国桥牌协会及其所在地桥牌协会和机构组织为相应等级桥牌讲师提供的培训资料、考试大纲、教学参考资料、规范化教案和课件等的权利。\n \n
\n\n \n （四）具有开展桥牌普及教学、桥牌训练指导、桥牌比赛组织管理等有偿服务的权利，并可按照不同技术等级收取相应的报酬。\n \n
\n\n \n （五）可以应聘到桥牌协会、俱乐部、学校、机关、企事业单位和社会团体担任桥牌教师，从事桥牌普及推广指导工作。\n \n
\n\n \n （六）经当地工商行政管理部门注册后，可以开展经营性桥牌活动。\n \n
\n\n \n （七）具有指导和培训低于自身讲师等级的桥牌讲师的权利。\n \n
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\n \n 第五条 各级桥牌讲师应履行以下义务：\n \n
\n\n \n （一）接受中国桥牌协会和所在地桥牌协会的统一管理，标准化、规范化的积极开展并完成各项桥牌普及推广工作。\n \n
\n\n \n （二）按要求参加中国桥牌协会和所在地桥牌协会组织的教学研讨、技术培训和教学技能提升活动。\n \n
\n\n \n （三）积极配合和参加中国桥牌协会和所在地桥牌协会组织的桥牌讲师培训工作，担任主讲教师和考核教师。\n \n
\n\n \n （四）积极配合和参加中国桥牌协会和所在地桥牌协会组织的公益性桥牌普及推广和宣传活动。\n \n
\n\n \n （五）主动进行桥牌推广普及工作，积极承担桥牌教学任务，在传授桥牌知识的同时，促进学生综合素质提高。\n \n
\n\n \n （六）按要求认真做好本人负责的桥牌教学班管理、桥牌学员注册管理、考试管理工作，积极发展桥牌会员，培育桥牌人口。\n \n
\n\n \n \n 第三章 桥牌讲师等级认证\n \n \n
\n\n \n 第六条 桥牌讲师必须拥护中国共产党的领导，热爱祖国，遵守法律与社会公德，品德端正，作风正派，热爱桥牌事业，遵守《中国桥牌协会章程》和相关管理规定，热心从事桥牌普及工作。\n \n
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\n \n 第七条 申请桥牌讲师技术等级者均应为中国桥牌协会个人会员并参加相应级别的业务培训，考核合格并具备下列条件：\n \n
\n\n \n （一）初级桥牌讲师\n \n
\n\n \n 1.有志于桥牌普及工作，具有一定的教学能力，每年能够抽出一定时间从事桥牌的普及推广工作，能够在本地区范围开展桥牌普及推广活动。\n \n
\n\n \n 2.掌握一定的桥牌基本技能。掌握一种桥牌叫牌法，了解常用叫牌法的特点，了解桥牌基本做庄和防守技术。了解中国桥牌竞赛常用规则，了解常用桥牌比赛形式，能够组织学员进行简单桥牌比赛。\n \n
\n\n \n 3.了解《桥牌入级牌手教学参考》的基本内容，掌握其中一至二级的教学内容。了解桥牌授课方法，能够按照《中国桥牌协会入级牌手教学大纲》相应级别的内容和要求组织桥牌教学。\n \n
\n\n \n 4.了解桥牌普及和教学工作的一般技能和工作方法。对于教学计划制定、教学教案编写、课堂教学组织、课堂练习方法、小型比赛组织以及考核方法均有初步的了解。注意培养学生诚信守约、尊重对手与恪守礼仪的风范。\n \n
\n\n \n 5.注重将现代教学技术手段应用到桥牌教学中。注意使用计算机和互联网技术辅助桥牌教学。在教学中会使用电子教案和计算机辅助软件。了解有关专业软件的使用方法，在有条件的情况下，会利用软件进行学员管理、教学辅助、网络教学、布置打牌作业和通过网络比赛评定成绩等，以提高教学效果。\n \n
\n\n \n 6.了解《中国桥牌协会入级牌手管理办法》和入级牌手等级测试要求及组织方法。积极组织学员参加入级牌手一至六级测试。鼓励学员不断学习桥牌理论知识、参与桥牌活动，培养桥牌兴趣。\n \n
\n\n \n 7.注意学习更高级别桥牌教师的知识和技能，提高专业水平。\n \n
\n\n \n （二）中级桥牌讲师\n \n
\n\n \n 1.获得初级桥牌讲师称号满一年，有在本地区范围积极开展桥牌普及推广工作的经验，已经培养出不少于20名入级牌手。\n \n
\n\n \n 2.掌握一定的桥牌技能。熟练掌握一种桥牌叫牌法，熟悉常用叫牌法的特点，熟悉桥牌基本做庄和防守技术。熟悉中国桥牌竞赛常用规则，熟悉常用桥牌比赛形式，能够组织学员进行小型桥牌比赛。\n \n
\n\n \n 3.了解《桥牌入级牌手教学参考》的基本内容，掌握其中一至四级的教学内容。了解桥牌授课方法，能够按照《中国桥牌协会入级牌手教学大纲》相应级别的内容和要求组织桥牌教学。\n \n
\n\n \n 4.熟悉桥牌普及和教学工作的基本技能和工作方法。对于教学计划制定、教学教案编写、课堂教学组织、课堂练习方法、小型比赛组织以及考核方法均有一定的了解。注意培养学生团队协作、逻辑思维与策略规划的能力。\n \n
\n\n \n 5.注重将现代教学技术手段应用到桥牌教学中。注意使用计算机和互联网技术辅助桥牌教学。在教学中会使用电子教案和计算机辅助软件。熟悉有关专业软件的使用方法，在有条件的情况下，会利用软件进行学员管理、教学辅助、网络教学、布置打牌作业和通过网络比赛评定成绩等，以提高教学效果。\n \n
\n\n \n 6.熟悉《中国桥牌协会入级牌手管理办法》和入级牌手等级测试要求及组织方法。积极组织学员参加入级牌手一至十级测试。鼓励学员不断学习桥牌理论知识、参与桥牌活动，通过测试获得更高技术等级。\n \n
\n\n \n 7.具有指导初级桥牌讲师的能力。注意学习更高级别桥牌教师的知识和技能，提高专业水平。\n \n
\n\n \n （三）高级桥牌讲师\n \n
\n\n \n 1.获得中级桥牌讲师称号满两年。有计划地在本地区范围开展桥牌普及推广活动。在最近两年时间里，有在学校或机构从事桥牌教学的经历，并培养出不少于50名的入级牌手。\n \n
\n\n \n 2.掌握各种的桥牌技能。掌握多种桥牌叫牌法，熟悉常用叫牌法的特点，掌握桥牌基本做庄和防守技术。熟悉中国桥牌竞赛规则，掌握各种桥牌比赛形式，能够组织学员进行桥牌比赛。\n \n
\n\n \n 3.掌握《桥牌入级牌手教学参考》的全部内容，掌握桥牌授课方法，能够按照《中国桥牌协会入级牌手教学大纲》各级别的内容和要求组织桥牌教学。\n \n
\n\n \n 4.掌握桥牌普及和教学工作的各种技能和工作方法。熟悉普及推广策划、教学计划制定、教学教案编写、课堂教学组织、课堂练习方法、比赛组织以及考核方法。注意发挥桥牌的育人功能，以桥牌为载体实现知识传授、能力培养与价值引领。\n \n
\n\n \n 5.注重将现代教学技术手段应用到桥牌教学中。注意使用计算机和互联网技术辅助桥牌教学。在教学中会使用电子教案和计算机辅助软件。熟练掌握有关专业软件的使用方法，会利用软件进行学员管理、教学辅助、网络教学、布置打牌作业和通过网络比赛评定成绩等，以提高教学效果。\n \n
\n\n \n 6.熟练掌握《中国桥牌协会入级牌手管理办法》和入级牌手等级测试要求及组织方法。积极组织学员参加入级牌手各级别测试。鼓励学员不断学习桥牌理论知识和提高技术能力，通过测试获得更高的技术等级。\n \n
\n\n \n 7.具有指导初中级桥牌讲师的能力。注意学习更高级别桥牌教师的知识和技能，提高专业水平。能够进行桥牌普及的教学研究。\n \n
\n\n \n （四）国家级桥牌讲师\n \n
\n\n \n 1.获得高级桥牌讲师称号满三年。具有丰富的实践经验，有组织有计划地在本地区范围开展桥牌普及推广活动并取得比较突出的成绩。能够承担国家级桥牌普及活动的组织和教学工作，或在全国性桥牌教师评比中获得先进个人称号。在过去三年内持续在学校或机构从事桥牌教学，至少承担过一次讲师培训任务，培养出不少于200名的入级牌手。\n \n
\n\n \n 2.熟练掌握各种桥牌技能。熟练掌握多种桥牌叫牌法，熟悉常用叫牌法的特点，熟练掌握桥牌基本做庄和防守技术。多次参加过国家级桥牌比赛，掌握中国桥牌竞赛规则，熟练掌握常用桥牌比赛形式，能够组织学员进行桥牌比赛。\n \n
\n\n \n 3.系统掌握《桥牌入级牌手教学参考》的全部内容，掌握桥牌授课方法，教学经验丰富，能够按照《中国桥牌协会入级牌手教学大纲》各级别的内容和要求组织桥牌教学并取得良好效果。\n \n
\n\n \n 4.系统地掌握桥牌普及和教学工作的各种技能和工作方法。能够熟练的进行普及推广计划制定、宣传招生、教学计划制定、教学教案编写、课堂教学组织，熟练掌握课堂练习方法、小型比赛组织以及考核方法等。注意将智力竞技与品德塑造相融合，助力学生综合素质提高，使学生成长为智慧与品格全面发展的人才。\n \n
\n\n \n 5.注重将现代教学技术手段应用到桥牌教学中。注意使用计算机和互联网技术辅助桥牌教学。在教学中会使用电子教案和计算机辅助软件。系统掌握有关专业软件的使用方法，会利用软件进行学员管理、教学辅助、网络教学、布置打牌作业和通过网络比赛评定成绩等，以切实提高教学效果。\n \n
\n\n \n 6.系统掌握《中国桥牌协会入级牌手管理办法》和入级牌手等级测试要求及组织方法。积极组织学员参加入级牌手各级别测试。鼓励学员不断学习桥牌理论知识和提高技术能力，通过测试获得更高的技术等级。\n \n
\n\n \n 7.具有指导初中高级桥牌讲师的能力。承担省级以上桥牌协会委托的桥牌讲师培训及其他类型的桥牌普及活动，在桥牌普及的教学科研中取得一定的成果。\n \n
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\n \n 第八条 评审各级桥牌讲师必须具备的条件，可根据申请者的具体情况，分别在桥牌水平、教学经历、教学经验、教学效果、工作成绩等方面的掌握上有所侧重。\n \n
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\n \n 第九条 具有专业技术职务的教师、桥牌特级大师和国家级桥牌教练员申请技术等级可不受从事桥牌讲师工作年限的限制。\n \n
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\n \n 第十条 申请初级以上级别的桥牌讲师，一般须在该讲师已经具备低一等级的技术等级基础上方可进行。除中国桥牌协会特别审批外，其他任何组织不得越级、跳级审批桥牌讲师。\n \n
\n\n \n \n 第四章 培训考核\n \n \n
\n\n \n 第十一条 申请授予桥牌讲师技术等级者必须参加相应级别的业务培训和考核。其中初、中级桥牌讲师集中培训班时间不得短于2个有效工作日，高级、国家级桥牌讲师集中培训班时间不得短于3个有效工作日，每个有效工作日实际培训时间不得少于8小时。\n \n
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\n \n 第十二条 桥牌讲师培训考核由中国桥牌协会单位会员中具备考试培训资质的桥牌协会和授权机构举办或联合举办，各协会、机构举办的培训考试应与本单位的桥牌讲师审批权相对应。培训考试需由在中国桥牌协会正式注册的高于该考试培训审批讲师等级的桥牌讲师担任主讲教师和主持考核。主办单位可根据培训等级、时长和成本情况收取相应的培训费用。\n \n
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\n \n 第十三条 各级桥牌协会应于每年年度注册期向所在省级桥牌协会和中国桥牌协会报送下一年度桥牌讲师培训考核计划。应于培训考试前一个月向所在省级桥牌协会报送培训考试工作方案，并通过中国桥牌网桥牌讲师注册管理平台发布培训考核信息，接受符合条件的申请者报名。每期培训考试结束后一周内主办单位需将考核结果报省桥协备案，并及时在中国桥牌网桥牌讲师注册管理平台完成注册和信息报送。\n \n
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\n \n 第十四条 各级桥牌协会在组织桥牌讲师培训考核时，应根据申请者的具体情况，分别在桥牌水平、教学经历、教学经验、教学效果、工作成绩等方面，设计针对性的培训考核方案。培训、考试内容及日程安排由主办单位拟定并报所在省桥协和中国桥牌协会备案。培训中要严格纪律和考勤，不遵守培训考试纪律及考勤不达标者一律不得参加晋升考试。\n \n
\n\n \n \n 第五章 注册管理\n \n \n
\n\n \n 第十五条 中国桥牌协会对桥牌讲师实行分级管理。中国桥牌协会负责统筹管理全国桥牌讲师的培训、考核、审批工作。各级桥牌讲师的批准授予权限为：初级桥牌讲师由区县及以上桥牌协会批准授予；中级桥牌讲师由地、市、州及以上桥牌协会批准授予；高级桥牌讲师由省、自治区、直辖市桥牌协会或中国桥牌协会批准授予；国家级桥牌讲师由中国桥牌协会批准授予。中国桥牌协会可另行根据工作需要授予部分单位会员和机构桥牌讲师的审批权。各级桥牌协会按照审批权限负责本单位桥牌讲师的培训、考核、评审、注册以及其他管理工作，有组织有计划的安排本地区桥牌讲师开展各项桥牌普及工作。\n \n
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\n \n 第十六条 桥牌讲师实行属地管理。除中国桥牌协会统一或授权组织的晋升考试外，各省级审批单位一般不得跨省审批桥牌讲师。跨省审批的桥牌讲师须得到其所属省级桥协的认可，其等级在所属省级桥协为其办理注册后方为有效。\n \n
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\n \n 第十七条 桥牌讲师跨省迁移时，应按讲师交流程序在两个省级单位间办理迁出、迁入手续。完成交流程序的桥牌讲师，迁入地区应承认其桥牌讲师技术等级，并支持其按照规定从事桥牌普及工作。\n \n
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\n \n 第十八条 中国桥牌协会桥牌讲师实行注册制度。所有桥牌讲师的技术等级申请、培训、考核、晋升、技术等级授予、年度注册等均通过中国桥牌协会桥牌讲师注册管理平台进行。该平台为中国桥牌协会桥牌讲师注册管理工作的专用工作平台，桥牌讲师使用中国桥牌协会个人会员号进行注册。注册管理平台将记录讲师教学工作的相关数据，并作为桥牌讲师晋升和进行相关考核的重要依据。\n \n
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\n \n 第十九条 各级桥牌协会需按照审批权限及时在注册管理平台更新桥牌讲师审批结果、交流信息及相应管理信息，未在注册管理平台记录和激活的桥牌讲师和等级证书视同无效。\n \n
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\n \n 第二十条 每年的12月1日至次年的2月28日为桥牌讲师年度注册期，未按时完成年度注册的协会和讲师视同放弃该年度相应权利。\n \n
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\n \n 第二十一条 桥牌讲师的等级证书由中国桥牌协会统一制作，由各级桥牌协会按照审批权限发放。\n \n
\n\n \n \n 第六章 奖励和处罚\n \n \n
\n\n \n 第二十二条 对工作努力、成绩突出的桥牌讲师，中国桥牌协会将予以奖励。对从事桥牌普及指导工作二十年以上，为桥牌普及事业做出突出贡献的，经省、自治区、直辖市桥牌协会推荐，中国桥牌协会批准，授予荣誉桥牌讲师称号，并颁发荣誉证书。\n \n
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\n \n 第二十三条 连续两年未从事桥牌普及工作的桥牌讲师，不得申请授予高一等级桥牌讲师技术等级。\n \n
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\n \n 第二十四条 桥牌讲师违反有关规定，给桥牌普及工作造成不良影响的，由所在单位、有关体育组织或桥牌协会予以批评教育，责令改过；情节严重、影响恶劣的，或触犯刑法及有其他严重违法行为的，其所在单位、有关体育组织或桥牌协会应报请有相应管理权限的桥牌协会撤销其技术等级，并收回证书。\n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 第七章 其他\n \n \n \n \n
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\n \n 第二十五条 各省级桥牌协会可依据该管理办法，制定本地区桥牌讲师管理办法及其实施细则。\n \n
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\n \n 第二十六条 本办法解释权归属中国桥牌协会。\n \n
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\n \n 第二十七条 本办法自公布之日起施行。\n \n
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\n \n \n 由国家体育总局棋牌运动管理中心、中国桥牌协会主办，宁波市桥牌协会承办，宁波市江北区外国语艺术学校协办的2025年全国桥牌通讯系列赛全民健身日专场赛(宁波赛区)8月3日下午在学校体育馆举行。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 2008年，中国成功举办了北京奥运会。为了满足广大人民群众日益增长的体育需求，同时也是对这一场伟大赛事的纪念，经国务院批准，自2009年起每年的8月8日定为“全民健身日”。智慧出众，桥牌同行， 让我们一起为全民健身助力。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 本次比赛设共设两条线，最终比赛成绩如下：\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 青少年A组：\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 第一名：\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 南北方向：黄佳明/叶宸宇（宁波大学附属学校）\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 东西方向：陈紫菡/叶宸语（宁波上海世外学校）\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 第二名：\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 南北方向：俞芃/岑睿琦（宁波市惠贞书院）\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 东西方向：杨夏/习若瑜（北外艺惠贞联队）\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 第三名：\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 南北方向：杜逸尘/郭艾墨（宁波市惠贞书院）\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 东西方向：李焕鑫/高嘉芃（宁波市江北外国语学校）\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 青少年B组：\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 第一名：\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 南北方向：吴夏诺/符云迪（宁波市江北外国语学校）\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 东西方向：范章祺/王梓墨（宁波市江北外国语学校）\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 第二名：\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 南北方向：钱正/施博文（宁波大学附属学校）\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 东西方向：董博谦/马亦阳（宁波市江北区甬江实验学校）\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 第三名：\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 南北方向：邵泽逸/姜壹宁（宁波市江北外国语学校）\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 东西方向：伊然/时速（宁波市江北外国语学校）\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 由国家体育总局棋牌运动管理中心和中国桥牌协会主办，成都棋院(成都市智力运动中心)和成都市桥牌运动协会承办的“全民健身 智慧出众”2025年全国桥牌通讯系列赛\"全民健身日\"专场（成都赛区）于2025年8月3日在成都市各区县纷纷展开，来自区县桥牌协会、社区、俱乐部的8条赛线共192名桥牌爱好者参加了比赛。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 成都市主赛场\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 车文、曾虹伟获南北方向第一名；朱华勇、王澍获东西方向第一名\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 都江堰雪域分赛场\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 高思宪、马铭获南北方向第一名；胡汉康、刘振宇获东西方向第一名\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 成都高新区锦晖社区分赛场\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 周贤模、张宏修获南北方向第一名；衡敏燕、王亮宏获东西方向第一名\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 成都市武侯区分赛场\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 陈章明、罗德敏获南北方向第一名；杨济华、胡忠直获东西方向第一名\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 成都崇州市分赛场\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 彭林、王春获南北方向第一名；胡重九、彭永新获东西方向第一名\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 成都彭州市分赛场\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 周正全、许志强获南北方向第一名；胡大鹏、宋怀林获东西方向第一名\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 天府新区华阳分赛场\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 程伯章、付春蓉获南北方向第一名；宋丹、黄毅忠获东西方向第一名\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 成都万和桥牌俱乐部分赛场\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 高万昌、王海青获南北方向第一名；夏洪、彭涛获东西方向第一名\n \n \n
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\n \n 棋牌字〔2025〕225号\n \n
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\n \n \n \n 体育总局棋牌中心关于第十五届全运会\n \n \n \n 群众比赛桥牌项目决赛报名的通知\n \n \n \n \n
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\n \n 各参赛单位：\n \n
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\n \n 中华人民共和国第十五届运动会群众比赛桥牌项目决赛将于2025年11月3日至7日在广东省深圳市举行。现将决赛报名有关事项通知如下。\n \n
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\n \n \n 一、比赛时间和地点\n \n \n
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\n \n （一）日期：2025年11月3日至7日\n \n
\n\n \n （二）地点：广东省深圳市\n \n
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\n \n \n 二、比赛方法\n \n \n
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\n \n 各竞赛项目分为循环赛和淘汰赛两个阶段。比赛采用中国桥牌协会2018年审定的《中国桥牌竞赛规则》以及《中国桥牌竞赛规则补充规定》（2020年度）。\n \n
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\n \n \n 三、报名\n \n \n
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\n \n （一）参赛资格\n \n
\n\n \n 1.预赛各组别前8名进入决赛阶段比赛。（名单见附件1）。如有放弃参赛资格者按照预赛名次依次递补。\n \n
\n\n \n 2.广东省在运动员资格符合的前提下每个项目可报1队参加决赛阶段比赛。\n \n
\n\n \n 3.香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区、台湾省队可参加决赛阶段除男子团体赛（业余组）之外组别的比赛。\n \n
\n\n \n （二）报名办法\n \n
\n\n \n 1.以省、自治区、直辖市、新疆生产建设兵团、香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区、行业体协为单位报名参赛。通过各省、自治区、直辖市、新疆生产建设兵团、行业（体协）体育主管部门以及香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区政府相关部门报名参赛。\n \n
\n\n \n 2.每队限报运动员4-6名，领队、教练各1人。其中混合团体赛每队可报男运动员2-3名，女运动员2-3名。\n \n
\n\n \n 3.决赛阶段在运动员资格符合的前提下，每队允许在预赛基础上最多调整2名运动员。\n \n
\n\n \n （三）报名材料\n \n
\n\n \n 1.加盖报名单位公章的报名表（见附件2）。\n \n
\n\n \n 2.各参赛人员决赛信息采集表（见附件3）。\n \n
\n\n \n 3.各参赛单位《赛风赛纪和反兴奋剂工作责任书》和各参赛队《自愿参赛责任和赛风赛纪承诺书》（见附件4/5）。\n \n
\n\n \n 4.运动员反兴奋剂考试合格证书。\n \n
\n\n \n 5.调整运动员资格证明材料，未调整运动员无需再次提交资格证明材料。\n \n
\n\n \n （四）报名方式\n \n
\n\n \n 各参赛单位须在9月20日前将以上全部报名材料纸质版邮寄至国家体育总局棋牌运动管理中心桥牌部，电子版发至邮箱。同时在中国桥牌网赛事专题进行报名。逾期视为弃权。\n \n
\n\n \n （五）联系方式\n \n
\n\n \n 通信地址：北京市东城区天坛东路80号中国桥牌协会\n \n
\n\n \n 邮编：100061\n \n
\n\n \n 联系人：车宇010-87559167、\n \n
\n\n \n 曹云佳010-87559162\n \n
\n\n \n 电子邮箱：\n \n
\n\n \n qiaopaipeixun@163.com\n \n
\n\n \n （六）公示\n \n
\n\n \n 报名结束后将面向社会对参赛情况进行公示。如有异议，请于公示截止日前，以书面形式反馈体育总局棋牌中心桥牌部，逾期不予受理。\n \n
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\n \n \n 四、反兴奋剂\n \n \n
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\n \n （一）兴奋剂检查和处罚按照国家体育总局有关规定执行。\n \n
\n\n \n （二）参赛运动员、教练员及工作人员自觉接受反兴奋剂教育，通过中国反兴奋剂教育平台（\n \n https://cleanmedal.chinada.cn/\n \n ）“十五运会反兴奋剂教育专区（群众赛事入口）”参加学习。\n \n
\n\n \n （三）实施决赛阶段运动员反兴奋剂教育准入，决赛运动员在上述平台考试合格获得证书后具备参赛资格，反兴奋剂考试合格证书在报名时一并提交。\n \n
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\n \n \n 五、未尽事宜，另行通知。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 附件\n \n （点击\n \n \n 阅读原文\n \n \n 进行附件下载）\n \n ：\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 1.晋级决赛队伍名单\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 2.报名表\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 3.信息采集表\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 4.参赛单位赛风赛纪和反兴奋剂工作责任书\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 5.自愿参赛责任和赛风赛纪承诺书\n \n \n \n
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\n \n 体育总局棋牌中心\n \n
\n\n \n 2025年7月31日\n \n
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\n \n \n 点击\n \n \n \n 标兵桥牌\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 关注微信\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 点击\n \n \n \n 右上角\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 分享本文\n \n \n
\n\n \n 本次世锦赛后，世界桥联公布了世界桥牌历史奖牌榜，本榜单除去计算了2022年世界桥牌综合锦标赛之后新增加的奖牌之外，还重新梳理了自从1937年以来的全部历史成绩。美国在这一奖牌榜上遥遥领先，中国仍然位居第四位。\n \n
\n\n \n 该榜单上计算的奖牌数包括了青年组比赛，中国也因此而获益。如果仅从成年比赛的成绩来看，中国在世锦赛中的成绩还不是那么令人满意。这也再次告诉我们，中国的桥牌未来在青少年这一代，其实不仅仅是中国，在世界上，青年桥牌也是非常重要的一部分。\n \n
\n\n \n 本次百慕大杯决赛中，瑞士和挪威共有3位90后牌手，瑞士的克鲁科夫斯基已经是三次百慕大杯冠军、两次罗森布鲁姆杯冠军得主。整个瑞士队，除了齐老板和克鲁科夫斯基外，都是80后牌手。\n \n
\n\n \n 威尼斯杯新贵以色列，有两名00后牌手，今年还不到18岁，虽然她们很少上场，但另外一对主力牌手奥苏林和列维在不久前还能参加青年组比赛。\n \n
\n\n \n 武汉杯冠军中，有一位华裔牌手林安然，在一个多月前的欧洲青年双人赛上夺得了U31公开组的冠军。\n \n
\n\n \n 这些青年牌手在成年比赛中的成功，已经告诉我们，世界桥牌年轻化的趋势是必然的，也是必要的。\n \n
\n\n \n 桥牌这项非常优秀的智力运动，目前已经走入衰老期，越来越多的年轻人不选择桥牌，但一项智力运动，如果缺少年轻人的参与，势必会缺乏社会的关注和吸引力。\n \n
\n\n \n 近年来在中国，青少年桥牌的普及与推广势头良好，越来越多的孩子喜欢桥牌也认可桥牌，随着中国青少年桥牌人口的扩大，未来的桥牌比赛领奖台上也会有越来越多中国身影。\n \n
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\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 日德兰大战——第47届世界桥牌团体锦标赛\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 第46届世界桥牌团体锦标赛回顾（二）\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 第46届世界桥牌团体锦标赛回顾\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 标兵带你看世锦赛——瑞士大鳄的百慕大杯卫冕之路\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 标兵播报世锦赛——百慕大杯决赛上半场瑞士领先\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 标兵播报世锦赛——挪威瑞士进入百慕大杯决赛，中国女队威尼斯杯半决赛失利\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 标兵播报世锦赛——中国女队威尼斯杯半决赛暂时落后\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 标兵播报世锦赛——中国女队进入威尼斯杯半决赛\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 标兵播报世锦赛——世锦赛淘汰赛第一天中国男女队领先\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 标兵播报世锦赛——世锦赛预赛结束，中国男、女、混合队晋级淘汰赛\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 标兵播报世锦赛——世锦赛第七天，中国男队浮出水面\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 标兵播报世锦赛——世锦赛第六天，预赛争夺进入白热化\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 标兵播报世锦赛——世锦赛第五天，中国老年队三连胜\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 标兵播报世锦赛——世锦赛第四天，中国混团排名第二\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 标兵播报世锦赛——世锦赛第三天，中国女队冲进前八\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 标兵播报世锦赛——世锦赛第二天比赛，中国混团三连胜\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 标兵播报世锦赛——第46届世界桥牌团体锦标赛开幕，首日战况\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 2023年第46届世界桥牌团体锦标赛开幕\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 第46届世界桥牌团体锦标赛每日一牌——世锦赛前热身牌局\n \n \n \n
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\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 2022年世界桥牌团体锦标赛回顾\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 第46届世界桥牌团体锦标赛即将开赛——准备就绪、世锦赛即将开锣\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 第46届世界桥牌团体锦标赛即将开赛——第45届世界桥牌团体锦标赛回顾\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 第46届世界桥牌团体锦标赛即将开赛——第46届世界桥牌团体锦标赛前瞻\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 第46届世界桥牌团体锦标赛即将开赛——世界桥牌团体锦标赛简介\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 世界桥牌团体锦标赛落幕、齐老板圆梦百慕大杯\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 激战亚平宁——第45届世界桥牌团体锦标赛（一）\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 点击\n \n \n \n 标兵桥牌\n \n \n \n
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\n\n \n 北美夏季大赛斯平果尔德杯16强比赛结束，产生了8强，本轮的冷门是二号种子齐老板被班廷队淘汰出局。\n \n
\n\n \n 齐老板队在上半场还领先，但下半场的第三节风云突变，一下子爆输54IMP，这不禁让我们想到在2018年范德比尔特杯上，也是在费城，同样的场地，也是16进8的比赛，当时齐老板队的四员大将还是比兹佐拉队的成员，就在领先53IMP进入最后一节的巨大优势下，决胜节输掉57IMP，其中获胜队中就有本轮比赛中的瑞典国手尼斯特伦和乌普马克。由此可见，齐老板的大鳄队虽然厉害，但也不是铁板一块，只要做好自己，完全有机会战胜他们。\n \n
\n\n \n 除去齐老板之外，6号种子罗森塔尔队被澳新联军汉斯队击败，他们在最后一节还领先18IMP，但最后一节输了37分。\n \n
\n\n \n 在国外的桥牌杂志中，通常都有一个固定的栏目，叫做“It`s Your Call”（轮到你叫牌），是把各种叫牌难题收集起来，放在杂志上对读者进行询问，然后由专家们进行选择和点评。这类栏目相当受欢迎，因为我们在桥牌比赛中往往会遇到各种各样的叫牌难题，搭档、队友间对叫品的选择也不尽相同，往往由于受到最终结果的影响，所以经常引发分歧。而通过“轮到你叫牌”这类栏目让更多的牌手以及专家来进行选择，就能够看清楚主流的方向，减少因为最终结果导致就牌论牌的现象，从而得出一些比较有意义的结论。\n \n
\n\n \n 下面这副牌，是一个很好的“It`s Your Call”的题目：\n \n
\n\n \n 南家开叫1♠，西家2♠是迈克尔扣叫，表示♥加一门低花，北家3♠，东家4♦，告知是好的♥加叫，南家4♠，现在转到东家，他再叫5♥，南家现在怎么叫？\n \n
\n\n \n 南家的选择无非就是3个：Pass，加倍，5♠。\n \n
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\n \n \n 往期推荐\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 四进费城——2025年北美夏季桥牌大赛（五）\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 四进费城——2025年北美夏季桥牌大赛（四）\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 四进费城——2025年北美夏季桥牌大赛（三）\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 四进费城——2025年北美夏季桥牌大赛（二）\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 四进费城——2025年北美夏季桥牌大赛\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 2024年北美夏季大赛每日一牌——安全打法要牢记\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 七年相约多伦多——2024年北美夏季桥牌大赛（九）\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 七年相约多伦多——2024年北美夏季桥牌大赛（八）\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 七年相约多伦多——2024年北美夏季桥牌大赛（七）\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 七年相约多伦多——2024年北美夏季桥牌大赛（六）\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 七年相约多伦多——2024年北美夏季桥牌大赛（五）\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 七年相约多伦多——2024年北美夏季桥牌大赛（四）\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 七年相约多伦多——2024年北美夏季桥牌大赛（三）\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 七年相约多伦多——2024年北美夏季桥牌大赛（二）\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 七年相约多伦多——2024年北美夏季桥牌大赛\n \n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 风城之约——北美夏季大赛结束，弗老板获得斯平果尔德杯冠军\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 风城之约——芝加哥北美夏季大赛\n \n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 天佑榄城——三年再逢夏季赛\n \n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n Let`s Roll——Las Vegas再迎夏季赛\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n Let`s Roll——Las Vegas再迎夏季赛（二）\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n Let`s Roll——Las Vegas再迎夏季赛（三）\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n Let`s Roll——Las Vegas再迎夏季赛（四）\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 别忘了点个在看哦！转发那就太好了！\n \n \n
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\n\n \n 十五年前，我第一次代表中国国家队参加世界桥牌锦标赛就是在费城，没想到这一地方，我居然会连去四次，这一次参加的是2025年北美夏季桥牌大赛。\n \n
\n\n \n 今年的北美夏季大赛是7月24日-8月3日，上一次在费城举办夏季大赛是2012年。按照惯例，先进行的比赛是GNT团体赛（全国锦标赛，相当于我国的全国团体赛），根据ACBL的分区（相当于我们协会杯中的省、市、自治区和行业体协），每个分区根据大师分的数量派出参赛队参加从Championship级（相当于我们的甲级）到A、B、C级的比赛。不同于我们全国团体赛的是，ACBL每个分区均可派出不同级别的队参加不同级别的GNT比赛。\n \n
\n\n \n 接下来就是Von Zedtwitz终身大师双人赛：这是一项NABC+的比赛，它和春季的白金双人赛、秋季的蓝带双人赛并称为北美三大双人赛；周一开始是Spingold杯淘汰赛，这个比赛不用介绍，这是媲美于世界锦标赛的超级赛事；还有就是第二个周五（26日）开始的公开瑞士团体赛。这四大赛事从头到尾组成了夏季大赛的赛事主脉。\n \n
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\n \n \n 往期推荐\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 2024年北美夏季大赛每日一牌——安全打法要牢记\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 七年相约多伦多——2024年北美夏季桥牌大赛（九）\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 七年相约多伦多——2024年北美夏季桥牌大赛（八）\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 七年相约多伦多——2024年北美夏季桥牌大赛（七）\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 七年相约多伦多——2024年北美夏季桥牌大赛（六）\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 七年相约多伦多——2024年北美夏季桥牌大赛（五）\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 七年相约多伦多——2024年北美夏季桥牌大赛（四）\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 七年相约多伦多——2024年北美夏季桥牌大赛（三）\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 七年相约多伦多——2024年北美夏季桥牌大赛（二）\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 七年相约多伦多——2024年北美夏季桥牌大赛\n \n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 风城之约——北美夏季大赛结束，弗老板获得斯平果尔德杯冠军\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 风城之约——芝加哥北美夏季大赛\n \n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 天佑榄城——三年再逢夏季赛\n \n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n Let`s Roll——Las Vegas再迎夏季赛\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n Let`s Roll——Las Vegas再迎夏季赛（二）\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n Let`s Roll——Las Vegas再迎夏季赛（三）\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n Let`s Roll——Las Vegas再迎夏季赛（四）\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 别忘了点个在看哦！转发那就太好了！\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 点击\n \n \n \n 标兵桥牌\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 关注微信\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 点击\n \n \n \n 右上角\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 分享本文\n \n \n
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\n \n 欧洲公开桥牌锦标赛公团半决赛结束，齐老板率领的瑞士军团战胜波兰梅花教父贾瑟姆的家庭桥牌队，奥斯曼土耳其部队击败法国人，两队相会决赛。\n \n
\n\n \n 齐老板与波兰队的半决赛在第一节就奠定了胜局，齐老板与巴舒上阵打出了71:14IMP的比分，队中主力KK组合还没出场就领先超过50IMP，后来的比赛就进入到了松弛时间，最后3节波兰团队还赢了5分。\n \n
\n\n \n 与齐老板轻松获胜不同，土法大战非常激烈，双方比分一直非常接近，直到最后一节的第25副牌，也就是全场比赛的第倒数第4副，土耳其人面临首攻局面：\n \n
\n\n \n 假如你是东家，右手方开叫1♦，你争叫2♠，左手方3NT，右手方拉出4♦，然后他们叫到6♦，你准备首攻什么？\n \n
\n\n \n 实战中土耳其东家基兹洛克首攻♣9，一击命中，击败对方的满贯。实际上，只要不首攻♠，满贯都打不成。\n \n
\n\n \n 这副牌也成为半决赛决定胜负的关键，如果法国人做成满贯，最后获胜的就是法国人。\n \n
\n\n \n 在另外一场半决赛中，齐老板队和贾瑟姆队都叫到满贯，但首攻都是♥，定约同样没有做成。\n \n
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\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 瑞波土法打进欧公赛半决赛\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 当舒柏林遇见舒柏林\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 芬奇压哨淘汰罗森塔尔\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 进攻性叫牌与防守性叫牌——波兹南的牌局\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 技惊四座的Deep Finesse打法\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 欧洲公开桥牌锦标赛第一阶段结束、弗姆队获得欧洲混团冠军\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 欧洲混团赛场上一副牌的两次安全打法\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 第11届欧洲公开桥牌锦标赛混团预赛结束\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 第11届欧洲桥牌公开锦标赛\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 2023年欧洲公开桥牌锦标赛每日一牌——韦尔萨切的失误，还是对手的高明？\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 第10届欧洲桥牌公开锦标赛\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 欧洲公开桥牌锦标赛结束\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 欧洲公开赛结束、土耳其人获得公开双人赛冠军\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 欧洲冬季运动会结束，奥卡队获得冠军\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 欧洲冬季桥牌运动会开赛在即\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 劳伦特当选欧洲桥联主席、期待开启新时代\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 欧洲桥牌新纪元——欧洲桥牌团体锦标赛回顾\n \n \n
\n\n \n 往期推荐\n \n
\n\n \n \n 2022年欧洲桥牌团体锦标赛即将开赛\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 荷兰加冕欧洲之王\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 别忘了点个在看哦！转发那就太好了！\n \n \n
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\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 点击\n \n \n \n 标兵桥牌\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 关注微信\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 点击\n \n \n \n 右上角\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 分享本文\n \n \n
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\n \n NBA有句格言，叫做“赢球靠进攻、夺冠靠防守”，其实足球、橄榄球等等基本上都一样，防守虽然观赏性不强，但对于成功是非常有帮助的。\n \n
\n\n \n 桥牌其实也一样，只不过桥牌的“进攻”和“防守”，有多重的意义，除了简单的在桥牌打法中表现为做庄与防守外，还有在叫牌中也分为自己抢过来打的“\n \n 进攻性叫牌\n \n ”和放给对方打或者叫得较低的\n \n “防守性叫牌”\n \n 。一般来说，实力强的一方，通常会选择进攻性叫牌，因为只有完成满贯和成局定约，才能获得更高的分数，但也有例外的时候，就是当对方持弱牌介入叫牌、意图干扰时，此时强牌一方就同时了有抢过来自己打的“进攻性叫牌”，和加倍对方或者叫的较低的“防守性叫牌”两个选择。\n \n
\n\n \n 一般来说，牌手们都会“进攻性叫牌”，也就是高叫，但往往忽视“防守性叫牌”的得分能力，特别是在比分落后时，往往“进攻性叫牌”会越输越多，而“防守性叫牌”则是很好的追分办法。\n \n
\n\n \n 6月30日结束的欧洲公开桥牌锦标赛公开团体赛首轮淘汰赛64进32的比赛中，罗森塔尔队就上演了依靠“防守性叫牌”翻盘的一场好戏。\n \n
\n\n \n 4节的比赛打完3节，预赛第2的罗森塔尔队面对第44名的哥本哈根队，落后18IMP，14副牌的比赛虽说这个比分不算多，可是要想扳回也不容易。\n \n
\n\n \n 来看这副牌：\n \n
\n\n \n 南北方是哥本哈根队的保尔森和尼尔森，东西方是罗森塔尔队的舒尔茨和韦兰肯，这副牌是第26副，整场比赛的倒数第3副，此时罗森塔尔队已慢慢将比分赶上，还有6分的差距。\n \n
\n\n \n 西家开叫3♠，北家加倍，东家4♠，南家4NT显示两套牌，北家实力超强，5♠扣叫挺进满贯，他们达到6♣定约。\n \n
\n\n \n 联手牌看起来还不错，只要♦A在西家，就有很大的机会完成定约，即使♦A在东家，也还有双张♦J、♥3-3等机会，综合看起来这个满贯还不错。\n \n
\n\n \n 北家A吃进首攻，然后拔♣A，噩耗传来：\n \n
\n\n \n 将牌居然是5-0分布，看上去不错的满贯就此垮掉。\n \n
\n\n \n 全手牌如下：\n \n
\n\n \n 东西方可以做成4♠，南家第一次的判断非常正确，原本他只有5-4两套，而且在低花上只有2个点，计划防守是个合理的选择，因为这副牌在60桌上很多桌都是加倍东西方的4♠而做成，从这一点来说，南家的“进攻性叫牌”选对了。\n \n
\n\n \n 不过，北家并不知道南家的牌如此不堪，他也选择了“进攻性叫牌”，如果南北方在对方阻击叫后因为存在分布的不理想而稍微保守一些，就会得到很好的收益。\n \n
\n\n \n 在另一桌，轮到了东西方采取了“进攻性叫牌”：\n \n
\n\n \n 西家在第三家的开叫非常进取，他一定是秉承“12张套一定要在4阶以上叫牌”的原则，北家当然加倍，东家进一步挺进5♠，南家布格兰德这牌无疑是“防守性”，所以他Pass静观其变，当巴克再次加倍时，布格兰德选择罚放，他们吃到了200分的正分。\n \n
\n\n \n 这副牌就是典型的实力更强一方需要采取“防守性叫牌”的一例。这副牌罗森塔尔队赢9IMP，一举反先，最后2副牌都在加倍中度过，罗森塔尔队最后赢了18IMP，如果哥本哈根队的南北方停在5♣上并且做成，他们这副牌会赢得9IMP，总比分就会战成平手，那时，谁输谁赢就很难讲了。\n \n
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\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 技惊四座的Deep Finesse打法\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 欧洲公开桥牌锦标赛第一阶段结束、弗姆队获得欧洲混团冠军\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 欧洲混团赛场上一副牌的两次安全打法\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 第11届欧洲公开桥牌锦标赛混团预赛结束\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 第11届欧洲桥牌公开锦标赛\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 2023年欧洲公开桥牌锦标赛每日一牌——韦尔萨切的失误，还是对手的高明？\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 第10届欧洲桥牌公开锦标赛\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 欧洲公开桥牌锦标赛结束\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 欧洲公开赛结束、土耳其人获得公开双人赛冠军\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 欧洲冬季运动会结束，奥卡队获得冠军\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 欧洲冬季桥牌运动会开赛在即\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 劳伦特当选欧洲桥联主席、期待开启新时代\n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 欧洲桥牌新纪元——欧洲桥牌团体锦标赛回顾\n \n \n
\n\n \n 往期推荐\n \n
\n\n \n \n 2022年欧洲桥牌团体锦标赛即将开赛\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 荷兰加冕欧洲之王\n \n \n
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\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 别忘了点个在看哦！转发那就太好了！\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 点击\n \n \n \n 标兵桥牌\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 关注微信\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 点击\n \n \n \n 右上角\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 分享本文\n \n \n
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\n \n 6月22日，在波兰波兹南进行的第11届欧洲公开桥牌锦标赛混合团体赛预赛结束，共有94个队参加了混合团体赛的预赛，预赛进行10轮瑞士移位赛，前32名进入淘汰赛。\n \n
\n\n \n 10轮结束后，以波兰职业高手率领的埃德蒙斯队获得第一名，波兰/法国牌手组成的SZPILIKA队获得第二名。有趣而遗憾的是，由美国年轻牌手组成的蜜月队在转播桌坐了6轮，第一天结束还是第一名，第二天最后四场全负，最终没能晋级，他们后面有时间继续蜜月之旅了。\n \n
\n\n \n 淘汰赛每轮进行一天，一共5天结束。\n \n
\n\n \n 下面是比赛中的一些图片。\n \n
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\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 第11届欧洲桥牌公开锦标赛\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 2023年欧洲公开桥牌锦标赛每日一牌——韦尔萨切的失误，还是对手的高明？\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 第10届欧洲桥牌公开锦标赛\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 欧洲公开桥牌锦标赛结束\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 欧洲公开赛结束、土耳其人获得公开双人赛冠军\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 欧洲冬季运动会结束，奥卡队获得冠军\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 欧洲冬季桥牌运动会开赛在即\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 劳伦特当选欧洲桥联主席、期待开启新时代\n \n \n \n
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\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 欧洲桥牌新纪元——欧洲桥牌团体锦标赛回顾\n \n \n
\n\n \n 往期推荐\n \n
\n\n \n \n 2022年欧洲桥牌团体锦标赛即将开赛\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 荷兰加冕欧洲之王\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 别忘了点个在看哦！转发那就太好了！\n \n \n
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\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 点击\n \n \n \n 标兵桥牌\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 关注微信\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 点击\n \n \n \n 右上角\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 分享本文\n \n \n
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\n \n 2025年6月1日，美国桥牌协会(USBF)公布了参加2025年世界桥牌团体锦标赛的8支美国队参赛名单。\n \n
\n\n \n 美国国家队选拔赛从4月24日开始，先后经历了公开团体、女子团体、混合团体、老年团体四个项目的选拔赛，产生了每个项目2支，共8支美国队。由于美国选拔赛允许一名选手报名多项比赛，因此在所选拔出来的原始团队中有需要更换队员和增加队员的。在选拔赛全部结束后，进行了调整。\n \n
\n\n \n 根据美国国家队选拔规则，每名队员可以报名参加多个项目，但必须提前告知所参加项目的优先顺序，比如某位队员同时报名公开团体和混合团体项目，他需要选择哪一个项目是第一顺位，如果选择混合团体是第一顺位，则在公开团体入选后，仍然可以参加混合团体的选拔，如果混合团体选中，则必须代表混合团体放弃公开团体，如果混合团体没有选中，则可以代表公开团体。如果选择公开团体是第一顺位，在公开团体选中后，就不需要参加混合团体的选拔了。\n \n
\n\n \n 这种现象，在公开团体选拔结束后，发生在了美国2队罗森塔尔队中，他们队中的大部分牌手都同时报名了公开团体和混合团体，优先顺序是公开团体，在入选公开团体美国2队后，该队队员都不再参加混合团体的选拔了。\n \n
\n\n \n \n USA1\n \n \n
\n \n Adam Kaplan - Finn Kolesnik\n \n
\n \n Adam Grossack - Eddie Wold\n \n
\n \n Kevin Bathurst* - John Hurd\n \n
\n \n NPC：Bob Morris\n \n
\n \n \n 由于美国1队是4人队入选，其中Bathurst/Hurd是他们增加的队员。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n USA2\n \n \n
\n \n Andrew Rosenthal - Aaron Silverstein\n \n
\n \n Eldad Ginossar - Chris Wilenken\n \n
\n \n Zach Grossack - Michael Rosenberg\n \n
\n \n NPC：Rob Barrington\n \n
\n \n \n USA1\n \n \n
\n \n Lynn Baker - Olivia Schireson\n \n
\n \n Amber Lin - Debbie Rosenberg\n \n
\n \n Emma Kolesnik* - JoAnna Stansby*\n \n
\n \n NPC：Joe Stokes\n \n
\n \n \n 威尼斯杯美国1队入选的队员还有瑞典Rimstedt姐妹，但她们的第一优先权是混合团体，同时又入选了混合团体美国2队，所以威尼斯杯美国1队增加了Kolesnik/Stansby一对。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n USA2\n \n \n
\n \n Susan Zhang - Sylvia Shi\n \n
\n \n Jill Meyers - Kerri Sanborn\n \n
\n \n Janice Molson - Migry Campanile*\n \n
\n \n NPC：Josh Donn\n \n
\n \n \n 同样原因，苏珊·张的团队中Jenny Wolpert同时入选了混合团体美国1队，因此苏珊·张队增加了Campanile作为新队员。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n USA1\n \n \n
\n \n Stewart Rubenstein - Anam Tebha\n \n
\n \n Giorgia Botta - John Kranyak\n \n
\n \n Vince Demuy - Jenny Wolpert\n \n
\n \n NPC: Harrison Luba\n \n
\n \n \n USA2\n \n \n
\n \n Joan Millens - Shan Huang\n \n
\n \n Cecilia Dwyer Rimstedt - Kevin Dwyer Rimstedt\n \n
\n \n Sandra Rimstedt - Joe Grue*\n \n
\n \n NPC: Alex Hudson\n \n
\n \n \n 混合团体美国2队是5人队参赛，增加了Joe Grue作为新队员。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n USA1\n \n \n
\n \n Jeff Wolfson - Steve Garner\n \n
\n \n David Berkowitz - Larry Cohen\n \n
\n \n Michael Kamil - Jeff Meckstroth\n \n
\n \n NPC: Jan Martel\n \n
\n \n \n USA2\n \n \n
\n \n Hemant Lall - Reese Milner\n \n
\n \n Bobby Levin - Eric Rodwell\n \n
\n \n Zia Mahmood - Alan Sontag*\n \n
\n \n NPC: Phil Clayton\n \n
\n \n \n 老年团体美国2队更换了一位队员，Alan Sontag替换了Sam Lev。\n \n \n
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\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 美国老年队选拔赛结束\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 美国混团选拔赛结束\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 美国混团选拔赛第一轮淘汰赛结束\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 公开组美国2队与美国女队产生\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 美国国家队选拔赛战况及每日一牌——走过路过不要错过3NT\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 美国国家队选拔赛战况及每日一牌——及时转舵、躲开障眼法\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 美国国家队选拔赛战况及每日一牌——魏因斯坦的狡诈\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 小虎队直扑日德兰——卡普兰队获得美国1队资格\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 转载：通往努沙杜瓦——如风少年冲向巴厘岛——记Kranyak队获得美国1队资格\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 美国国家队选拔赛战况及每日一牌——老麦与小芬传统与现代的差别\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 美国国家队选拔赛战况及每日一牌——弗老板失去平衡\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 2025年美国国家队选拔赛战况及每日一牌——时机和控制\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 2025年美国国家队选拔赛战况及每日一牌——当老麦遇上老罗\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 2025年美国国家队选拔赛战况及每日一牌——小罗森博格的诈叫\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 2025年美国国家队选拔赛战况及每日一牌——致命的猜断\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 2025年美国国家队选拔赛战况及每日一牌——正常开叫还是阻击开叫\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 2025年美国国家队选拔赛\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 老罗重回世锦赛——美国老年队、女队选拔赛结束\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 美国混团选拔赛结束，苏珊·张队赢得资格\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 弗雷舍获得2024年美国队资格\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 2024年美国国家队选拔赛开赛\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 2023年美国国家队选拔赛争议中结束\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 2022年美国国家队选拔赛结束\n \n \n \n \n
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\n \n 往期推荐\n \n
\n\n \n \n 尼克尔队率先拿到百慕大杯美国1队资格\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 平板电脑还是纸牌？职业牌手有分歧\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 通往武汉之路：美国国家队选拔赛\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 别忘了点个在看哦！转发那就太好了！\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 点击\n \n \n \n 标兵桥牌\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 关注微信\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 点击\n \n \n \n 右上角\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 分享本文\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 亚太锦标赛结束了，中国男队夺得冠军，在比赛期间所写的“每日一牌”，比赛期间并没有发出，从今天开始，给桥友们提供迟到的每日一牌。\n \n \n
\n\n \n 打牌的基本技术是读牌，认真阅读对方的牌情后，方能找到正确的路线。\n \n
\n\n \n 下面这副牌发生在第二循环对阵印度尼西亚，孙纲的主打堪称精准。\n \n
\n\n \n 西家是孙纲，开叫强梅花，北家加倍显示双高花，蔡阳再加倍表示8点以上，进局逼叫，南家阻击3♠，孙纲先Pass，在同伴加倍后，跳叫5♣成为最后定约。\n \n
\n\n \n 首攻是♠A，继续拔K，庄家将吃后，如何考虑做庄？\n \n
\n\n \n 做成定约的关键是如何避免♦有两个输张，飞♥是没有用的，解决不了♦的问题。♦的普通打法是飞J，但这副牌成立吗？\n \n
\n\n \n 孙纲先出将牌到明手，都有跟出，再拔♥AK明手将吃♥，南北方都跟出，然后孙纲出将牌到手中，北家跟出了两张将牌，南家垫♠。局面如下：\n \n
\n\n \n 南北方的♠很像是5-5配合，而北家的牌也很像是5-5高花，他已经跟出两张将牌，那么他的♦就是单张，即使不是单张，也不会超过2张，所以飞♦J的概率大大降低了。\n \n
\n\n \n 孙纲判断北家是5-5-1-2牌型，于是他打小♦，北家跟小，他明手上Q，全手牌如下：\n \n
\n\n \n 南家陷入困境，如果A吃，则被投入，如果A不吃，则明手再出♦，就只输一墩♦了。\n \n
\n\n \n 实战中南家A吃住Q，出小♦，孙纲放小，明手10吃到，完成5♣。\n \n
\n\n \n 北家必须第二墩换攻♦，南家马上出A给北家将吃，才能击败5♣。如果南家不上A，而是出小，庄家则可以剥光♥，然后从明手出♠Q，手中垫♦，投入北家，北家只有高花可出，被迫给庄家将吃垫牌，♦输张消失。\n \n
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\n \n \n 别忘了点个在看哦！转发那就太好了！\n \n \n
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\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 亚太赛每日一牌回顾：连氏自然轻松满贯\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 亚太赛每日一牌回顾：心中有挡、无将不慌\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 亚太赛每日一牌回顾：精彩的四红心\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 亚太赛每日一牌回顾：有趣的四红心\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 风雨十四载、再夺亚太冠\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 荏苒十四载、再战亚太赛\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 十四年归来仍是追风少年\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 曼谷重启亚太大赛\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 第53届亚太桥牌锦标赛落幕，欧公赛决赛法国内战\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 中国桥牌队亚太锦标赛大四喜，欧公赛女子团体冠军产生\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 欧公赛公团齐老板被淘汰、亚太赛迎来最后高潮\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 欧公赛公团结束首轮淘汰赛、亚太赛接近尾声\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 欧洲公开桥牌锦标赛公团预赛结束、亚太赛完成上半程比赛\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 亚太桥牌锦标赛结束女团、混团第一循环比赛\n \n \n \n
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\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 欧洲公开桥牌锦标赛公团女团开赛，亚太赛中国占据三项第一\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 亚太赛第一天中国女队占优，欧洲公开桥牌锦标赛混团冠军产生\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 亚太桥牌锦标赛开幕，欧洲公开桥牌锦标赛产生老年团体冠军\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 第53届亚太桥牌锦标赛即将开赛\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 第四届亚洲杯结束、中国香港捧起“宁波杯”\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 2022年亚洲杯开赛\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 第三届亚洲杯桥牌赛开幕\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 点击\n \n \n \n 标兵桥牌\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 关注微信\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 点击\n \n \n \n 右上角\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 分享本文\n \n \n
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\n \n
\n \n \n 亚太锦标赛结束了，中国男队夺得冠军，在比赛期间所写的“每日一牌”，比赛期间并没有发出，从今天开始，给桥友们提供迟到的每日一牌。\n \n \n
\n\n \n 在主打时，需要制定计划，找到看似不可能发生但能够完成定约的路线，而找到一条路线时，需要反复确认，是否可行。\n \n
\n\n \n 下面是亚太锦标赛第一循环中国男队对韩国队的一副牌：\n \n
\n\n \n 东家开叫1♦，至少4张以上，南家争叫4♥，转到东家加倍，成为最后定约。\n \n
\n\n \n 南家主打4♥加倍定约，西家首攻♦7，明手的牌看起来没什么用，先摆小，东家A吃， 马上出♦，现在庄家怎么办？\n \n
\n\n \n 将牌足够结实，不怕对方提升将牌，♦和将牌各有一个输墩，♠上面的输墩如何逃脱？如果自己手中出♠，至少要输两墩。\n \n
\n\n \n 庄家发现，对方只有3张将牌，而且除了A之外，都是小将牌，假如将牌2-1分布，庄家就是铁牌了。他可以大将吃♦，打小将牌，如果西家是Ax两张，无论他出哪一张，明手都可以进手兑现♦赢墩，并且从明手出♠。\n \n
\n\n \n 再进行下一步行动之前，先考虑一下对方是什么牌，西家是否确定是2张将牌。\n \n
\n\n \n 西家没有叫4♠，不像有4张以上的♠，假如西家是单张♦，同时也只有2张将牌，那么他就是3-2-1-7牌型，他是否会选择叫5♣？如果西家的高花更短，他的♣相应更长，也更不容易Pass。\n \n
\n\n \n 如果大将吃♦，打小将牌到明手的路线成功，需要西家是2张将牌、2张♦、不超过3张♠。\n \n
\n\n \n 实战中，中国男队的庄家决定采取将牌2-1分布的路线，他大将吃♦，打小将牌，西家先跟小，明手将牌9大，发现将牌3-0，只好从明手出♠，东家不知为何抢上♠A，替庄家解决了♠问题，定约做成。\n \n
\n\n \n 全手牌如下：\n \n
\n\n \n 这副牌在另一室的叫牌也是南家直接争叫4♥，但连若旸没有选择Pass准备罚放，而是直接加倍希望同伴叫牌，同伴叫出5♣，还赚了一个加倍。这副牌中国队两边成局，获得16IMP。\n \n
\n\n \n 顺便谈一下东家的防守，虽然明显的♠A不应该马上出，但在第一墩♦A吃进后，它并不能确定同伴是单张♦，贸然继续♦，一旦庄家单张♦，可能损失惨重，更好的出牌还是试试♣，从同伴Pass 4♥并没有叫4♠来看，庄家的♠有一定的长度，他的♣较短，如果庄家是AQ双张♣，他至少还有4张♠，♦几乎肯定是单张了，所以出♦更不安全。\n \n
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\n \n \n 别忘了点个在看哦！转发那就太好了！\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 风雨十四载、再夺亚太冠\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 荏苒十四载、再战亚太赛\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 十四年归来仍是追风少年\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 曼谷重启亚太大赛\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 第53届亚太桥牌锦标赛落幕，欧公赛决赛法国内战\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 中国桥牌队亚太锦标赛大四喜，欧公赛女子团体冠军产生\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 欧公赛公团齐老板被淘汰、亚太赛迎来最后高潮\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 欧公赛公团结束首轮淘汰赛、亚太赛接近尾声\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 欧洲公开桥牌锦标赛公团预赛结束、亚太赛完成上半程比赛\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 亚太桥牌锦标赛结束女团、混团第一循环比赛\n \n \n \n
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\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 欧洲公开桥牌锦标赛公团女团开赛，亚太赛中国占据三项第一\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 亚太赛第一天中国女队占优，欧洲公开桥牌锦标赛混团冠军产生\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 亚太桥牌锦标赛开幕，欧洲公开桥牌锦标赛产生老年团体冠军\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 第53届亚太桥牌锦标赛即将开赛\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 第四届亚洲杯结束、中国香港捧起“宁波杯”\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 2022年亚洲杯开赛\n \n \n
\n\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 第三届亚洲杯桥牌赛开幕\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 暑假既是孩子们放松身心的\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 美好时光\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 更是培养健康习惯的\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 黄金时期\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 暑假开始后\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 家长可引导孩子们\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 在享受假期快乐的同时\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 养成受益终身的健康生活方式\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 暑期家长可以多带孩子参与户外活动，建议每天户外活动不少于2小时。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 同时保证每天1小时中高强度身体运动，其中增强肌肉力量、骨骼健康的抗阻运动每周不少于3次，针对目前儿童青少年的学习、生活特点，适当增加一些颈胸腰背肌的锻炼、放松及牵伸动作。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 天气炎热，户外活动和体育锻炼要注意避暑防晒，建议在清晨、傍晚等阳光不太强烈时，全家可以一起开展游泳、跳绳、散步、骑行、打羽毛球、单杠、平板支撑等运动。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 鼓励孩子积极参与家务劳动，减少长时间静坐。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 倡导家长加强对孩子使用电子产品的督促管理，合理控制使用电子产品时间，中小学生非学习目的的电子产品使用单次不宜超过15分钟，每天累计不宜超过1小时。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 使用电子产品学习30-40分钟后，应休息远眺放松10分钟。年龄越小，连续使用电子产品的时间应越短。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 选择合适的电子屏幕，建议使用的次序为投影仪、电视、电脑、平板，不建议经常使用手机等小屏幕电子产品。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 家长关注孩子是否有不良的读写坐姿和站姿，引导孩子读写时做到“一尺一拳一寸”，即眼睛距离书本一尺（约33厘米）、胸口与桌子间隔一拳、握笔的手指距离笔尖一寸（约3.3厘米），不躺卧看书。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 家长为孩子选择与身高匹配的读写桌椅，参照儿童青少年端坐在椅子上时大腿应与小腿垂直，背挺直时上臂下垂其肘部应低于桌面3-4cm的标准。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 减少高糖、高脂、高热量零食囤积，\n \n \n \n \n 减少外卖和冷饮次数。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 选择鱼、瘦肉、蛋、奶、豆类等富含优质蛋白的食物。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 天气炎热，可适量摄入西瓜、黄瓜、苦瓜等瓜果类，以及绿豆汤、冬瓜海带汤等清凉解暑食物。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 家长以身作则，固定三餐和睡眠时间（小学生10小时、初中生9小时、高中生8小时），避免熬夜。\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 假期家长要主动关注孩子视力、脊柱、体重健康状况，观察到孩子有眯眼视物、频繁眨眼、习惯性揉眼、皱眉、歪头视物等现象或孩子反映看近清楚、看远模糊；孩子出现双肩不等高、骨盆倾斜等异常问题；孩子体重达到重度肥胖和/或出现并发症等情况，应尽早到正规医疗机构进行诊断和科学矫治。\n \n \n
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\n\n \n \n 来源：长沙疾控，转自长沙教育\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 奋楫扬帆正当时 笃行致远启新程\n \n \n
\n\n \n ——长沙市长郡芙蓉中学2025年青年教师论坛成功举办\n \n
\n\n \n 为进一步弘扬教育家精神，激励青年教师以赤诚之心、奉献之志、仁爱之情深耕教育事业，长沙市长郡芙蓉中学于2025年6月27日（星期五）晚在二会议室举行了2025年青年教师成长论坛（二期）。论坛由教科室主任王佳乐主持。\n \n
\n\n \n \n 经验启智：薪火相传共成长\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 责任如山，担当砺成长\n \n \n
\n\n \n 初三体育教师蒋阳以“责任与担当”为关键词，讲述了他的蜕变历程。他提到，从一名在老教师引领下安心教学的普通教师，到临危受命担任初三体育组备课组长，肩负起中考体育的重任，这既是巨大的挑战，也是宝贵的机遇。他分享了如何带领团队科学训练、精准施策，最终圆满完成任务，并创下学校中考体育合格率历史新高的经历。蒋老师感慨道，这份责任让他迅速成长，学会了统筹规划、沟通协调和勇于决策，真正实现了从“被引导”到“能独当一面”的跨越，深刻体会到肩扛重任是青年教师成长的加速器。\n \n
\n\n \n \n 匠心育人，润物细无声\n \n \n
\n\n \n 办公室副主任周露则聚焦班主任工作，以三个生动形象的“角色”阐述了她的“班主任成长之路”：“学会观察的偷拍者” 强调要细致入微地观察学生的日常言行、情绪变化和人际关系，像“偷拍者”一样捕捉细节，加强家校沟通。“小而创新的奖惩者” 主张教育惩戒应体现智慧和温度。她分享了一些富有创意且效果显著的小型惩戒方式，旨在让学生认识错误的同时感受到关爱。“关照内心的等待者” 强调教育需要耐心和等待。面对成长中的困惑或反复，教师要像“等待者”一样，给予学生充分的信任、空间和时间，帮助学生成长为具备“孝顺、团结、奋进”等品质的“朴实沉毅”长芙人。她总结道，班主任工作的核心在于真正走进学生、理解学生、教育学生。\n \n
\n\n \n \n 教海领航：名师指路明方向\n \n \n
\n\n \n 教科室主任王佳乐为青年教师带来了清晰务实的“成长指南”，她立足三点展开指导：\n \n
\n\n \n 一是专业发展筑基。过硬的业务能力是教师的立身之本。她特别强调优质课堂教学应追求“实、巧、精、活、新、美”六字要诀。对于青年教师，首要任务是做到“实”——教学要扎实，目标要落实，这是站稳讲台、赢得信任的基础。二是心理调适赋能。她提醒青年教师学会“善待自己、善待学生、善待同仁”，鼓励大家珍惜学校提供的广阔平台，坚信“辛苦之后必有收获”，在奋斗中实现价值。关于教育，她向青年教师推荐了《快速处理学生行为问题的52个方法》一书，并指出青年教师想要快速成长必不可少的就是阅读。最后，她对青年教师前段时间的教学常规进行了点评反馈，并高度赞扬了表现优异的教师。 “快乐本为感觉”，真正的职业快乐源于对工作的全力以赴。\n \n
\n\n \n \n 领导寄语：殷殷嘱托促奋进\n \n \n
\n\n \n 教学副校长熊妍感慨青春是奋斗之时，并对青年教师寄予了“三有”厚望：“有担当”： 这是工作的基石。熊校长勉励大家要勇挑重担，珍惜学校搭建的宝贵平台，以端正的工作态度和对岗位的敬畏之心，认真踏实地履职尽责。在事业发展的“创业黄金期”，要敢于迎接挑战，承担责任。“有智慧”： 这是专业成长的追求。她引导青年教师深入思考“成为一个怎样的老师”，鼓励大家树立自己的教育品牌，规划专业的职业生涯。要将智慧融入教学与管理，不断精进，实现专业人生的价值。“有创新”： 这是持续发展的动力。熊校长强调，青年教师要保留自己的特色，在传承长芙优秀传统的同时，敢于探索新思路、新方法。\n \n
\n\n \n 全体青年教师将以此次论坛为新的起点，赓续长郡芙蓉中学的优良传统，以更加饱满的热情、更加坚定的信念、更加务实的作风，奋楫扬帆，笃行不怠，在新时代教育强国建设的壮阔征程中贡献青春智慧和力量！\n \n
\n\n \n \n 参会心得\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 郭超奕老师\n \n \n
\n\n \n 参加这一次的青年教师论坛，让我对责任与担当有了更深的领悟。论坛中，蒋阳老师所提到的主动与被动承担的转换让他自身积累经验迅速成长，数策并举一局拿下体育中考。周露主任分享自己带班经验，不仅要做观察者，更要做学生们心田的守护者。王佳乐主任和熊校表达学校对青年教师的人文关怀，给予我们深切的希望。前辈们分享的教育故事，展现出他们对学生成长的坚守与付出。这让我明白，作为青年教师，肩负着塑造学生灵魂的重任。\n \n \n
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\n \n 在今后的工作中，我会以更饱满的热情投入教学，用心备课、耐心解惑；关注学生的身心健康与全面发展，做学生成长路上的引路人。以责任为帆，以担当为桨，在教育的海洋中奋勇前行。\n \n
\n\n \n \n 邱河老师\n \n \n
\n\n \n 青年教师的核心竞争力在于扎实的教学能力，这是安身立命的根本。在未来的执教生涯中，我要持续精进授课能力，确保每一堂课都能让学生学有所得、学有所获。面对挑战与困难，也应秉持无畏之心，主动担当。因为承担的责任越重，经历的磨砺越多，从中汲取的经验与智慧也越丰厚，个人的成长步伐也会随之加速。作为青年教师，唯有不断锤炼本领，勇于负重前行，方能不负教师使命，实现专业精进。\n \n
\n\n \n \n 刘鹏老师\n \n \n
\n\n \n 参加此次培训，让我对教育工作有了更深层次的认知。我深刻意识到，平衡好工作与生活，才能持续拥有幸福感，才能以更加饱满热情投入教学。在日常教学中，无论学生成绩如何，都需要被关注，对学生的培养应是多维度的，不能仅聚焦成绩。惩罚学生时，可以采用用趣味方法引导其改正错误。布置分层作业也十分必要，为基础薄弱的学生设计简单练习，能让他们收获成就感，激发学习动力。未来，我会将这些感悟融入实践，助力学生成长。\n \n
\n\n \n \n 周颖嘉老师\n \n \n
\n\n \n 一学期的结束，也意味着新的开始。在这次论坛会中，我得到了前辈的鼓励与指导，感受到了同辈的担当和努力，明确了之后的目标和方向。\n \n \n
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\n \n 为师需承担责任，为之负责。身在其职，担当其任。不要担心困难和压力，有强大的后背和信任的同伴，撸起袖子加油干！\n \n
\n\n \n 为师要学会观察学生，发现学生日常生活的闪光点，即使不耀眼，却也在发光。\n \n
\n\n \n 为师对学生准备小有创意的奖惩，奖惩不是目的，而是为了让学生有成长的空间和意义。\n \n
\n\n \n 为师关照学生内心，学生是独立的个体，心里的细腻情感需要得到我们的关注。\n \n
\n\n \n 知识传授者、终身学习者、主动探究者、有效沟通者、积极助人和健康人格的塑造者，以上五个方面，我愿在我的有生之年，尽我之力，不断接近并成为！\n \n
\n\n \n \n 沈双琴老师\n \n \n
\n\n \n 今天晚上参加青年教师论坛，三位老师从不同方面进行分享，听后收获满满。蒋阳老师分享进入长芙的成长经历，让我看到坚持与积累的力量；周露老师从乡镇教师转到长芙重新开始的故事，激励我勇敢拥抱变化，做会发现、有创意、懂关怀的班主任 。佳乐主任关于“最大师德是师能”等理念，点醒我要打磨优质课堂，修炼心理韧性。最后熊妍副校长总结的“全情投入、有担当、善用智慧、敢创新”，为成长指明方向。这场论坛，是经验的交流，更是成长的鞭策，让我明白教育之路需深耕、共情与突破，要以热爱与专业，做学生成长路上的引路人，在平凡教学中书写不凡。\n \n \n
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\n \n 最后，铭记最大的师德是师能，愿在教育教学的生涯中，突破瓶颈、凤凰涅槃！\n \n
\n\n \n \n 熊超萍老师\n \n \n
\n\n \n 这次青年教师会议，是一次及时的充电，一次方向的校准，更是一次力量的凝聚。它让我深刻体会到，教育之路虽充满挑战，但并非孤军奋战。学校为我们搭建了成长的平台，前辈们为我们点亮了前行的灯塔，优秀的同行们为我们树立了奋进的榜样。我将把这次会议的所思、所感、所获，转化为脚踏实地的行动，以更饱满的热情、更谦逊的态度、更扎实的努力，投入到每一天的教育教学工作中去。在教书育人的道路上，愿与所有青年教师同仁们一起，心怀热爱，脚踏实地，不断学习，持续精进，为学生的成长、为学校的发展贡献自己的青春力量。路虽远，行则将至；事虽难，做则必成。\n \n
\n\n \n 来源：教科室\n \n
\n\n \n 通讯员：唐新燕 刘晓\n \n
\n\n \n 编辑：胡昕玥\n \n
\n\n \n 初审： 王佳乐 贺丽娜 周露\n \n
\n\n \n 二审：黎学科\n \n
\n\n \n 三审：孔妹平 夏琴\n \n
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\n \n \n 聚焦教研深耕 赋能师生成长\n \n \n
\n\n \n 长郡芙蓉中学召开2025年春教研组长述职总结会\n \n
\n\n \n 为总结学期教研成果、凝聚团队智慧、规划发展路径，长郡芙蓉中学近日召开2025年春季学期教研组长述职总结会。各学科教研组长立足学科特色，以创新实践为锚点，展现教研新风貌。\n \n
\n\n \n \n 01\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 学科组长述职\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 百花齐放展风采，深耕细作结硕果\n \n \n
\n\n \n 各学科组长围绕学科建设、教师成长、学生发展三大主线，总结经验、反思不足，亮点纷呈。\n \n
\n\n \n 语文组周眺组长以“青蓝工程”为抓手，通过大单元集体备课、跨校联合教研与“周眺名师工作室”辐射引领，助力青年教师快速成长，学生语文素养显著提升，学科影响力持续扩大。\n \n
\n\n \n 数学组何志红组长以“精准教学”为核心，构建“以老带新”成长共同体，通过课后辅导闭环管理、命题大赛全员参与及趣味数学活动开展，实现知识落实与兴趣激发双赢。\n \n
\n\n \n 英语组王淑敏组长聚焦“梯队建设”与“中考突破”，通过分层教研、跨学科融合课程设计与中考专项研究，为英语教学注入新活力。\n \n
\n\n \n 物理组杨萍组长紧扣“新教材落地”与“中考备考”双主线，开展主题式校本教研与跨校联合研讨，以实验创新、项目式学习激活学生物理思维，学生物理核心素养显著提升。\n \n
\n\n \n 化学组曾燕组长以“中考研究”为突破口，通过精品课程打磨、常规教研精细化与实验教学改革，实现教学质量稳步提升，学生科学探究能力显著增强。\n \n
\n\n \n 道法组唐晶组长以“课题引领”与“视导赋能”双轮驱动，深化教学研究，优化课堂质效；通过多维师资培养与活动育人实践，激发学生学习兴趣。\n \n
\n\n \n 历史组储琦组长带领团队在命题大赛、区级活动承办与青年教师培养中取得优异成绩，自编初三备考资料获同行高度认可，争创学科标杆。\n \n
\n\n \n 生物组黄欣禄组长以“课题研究”为引擎，通过多元教研形式与荣誉成果积累，推动学科建设迈上新台阶，学生生物学科素养显著提升。\n \n
\n\n \n 地理组余小梁组长以“落实学生核心素养培育”为纲，以“课题研究”为抓手，强化大教研，助力学生提升综合地理素养。\n \n
\n\n \n 体育组蒋阳组长组织每周四\n \n \n \n 围绕“学、练、赛、评”一体化教学模式展开深度研讨。组内教师团结协作，集思广益，通过课例分析、模拟授课、评课议课等形式，不断优化课堂教学策略，提升学生体育核心素养。\n \n \n
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\n \n 艺术组朱晖组长以“跨学科融合”为特色，通过“音乐+美术”序列化实践活动与荣誉成果突破，激发学生艺术创造力，打造特色品牌。\n \n
\n\n \n 综合组熊志明组长融合心理健康等四科，构建跨学科体系。信息科技教研突破，四科赛课揽市区一等奖，科创获巴黎国际金奖，实践育人成果显著。\n \n
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\n \n \n 02\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 教科室工作部署\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 精细管理促提升，资源整合赋新能\n \n \n
\n\n \n 教科室主任王佳乐围绕后段工作提出具体部署：以“精细化管理+资源化整合”为路径，通过严格审核期末教师荣誉申报材料，确保表彰公正透明；落实“双减”要求设计分层化、实践性暑假作业助力学生自主学习；策划校本培训展示活动，推广优秀教研案例，推动经验共享与成果转化。\n \n
\n\n \n \n 03\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 教学副校长指导\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 战略引领明方向，协同共进启新篇\n \n \n
\n\n \n 教学副校长熊妍立足学校发展全局，提出“强队伍、深课标、创命题、精备考、促交流”五大方向：要求教研组长发挥“学科领航者”作用，凝聚团队智慧打造“学习型、研究型”教研组；倡导全体教师利用暑假研读新课标、新教材，推进自编资料体系化以实现“教-学-评”一体化；通过原创题命题分享会提升教师命题能力，构建校本题库赋能教学；聚焦初三年级学情分析与资源整合，召开专题研讨会确保备考实效；加强跨校教研合作共享优质资源，推动区域教育协同发展。\n \n
\n\n \n 长郡芙蓉中学将继续以教研为引擎，以教师成长为基石，以学生发展为目标，深耕细作、守正创新。\n \n
\n\n \n 来源：教科室\n \n
\n\n \n 通讯员：王佳乐\n \n
\n\n \n 编辑：胡昕玥 周露\n \n
\n\n \n 初审： 王佳乐 贺丽娜 周露\n \n
\n\n \n 二审：黎学科\n \n
\n\n \n 三审：孔妹平 夏琴\n \n
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\n \n 以爱为名，护航追梦\n \n
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\n \n \n 暖心守护不停歇\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \n ——长沙市长郡芙蓉中学——\n \n \n \n
\n\n \n \n \\\n \n \n \n |\n \n \n \n /\n \n \n
\n\n \n ★★★\n \n
\n\n \n 九年磨一剑，今朝试锋芒。从考前殷殷嘱托到考场外温情守候，让我们用文字与镜头定格这段青春的拼搏记忆。\n \n
\n\n \n ★★★\n \n
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\n \n \n 击掌送祝福，老师暖心鼓励\n \n \n
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\n \n 清晨的校门口，学校领导和老师们早已守候在侧，用灿烂的笑容和有力的击掌为考生们送上最温暖的鼓励。\"加油！\"\"相信自己！\"一声声真挚的祝福，化作学子们踏入考场的勇气。这一刻，师生间的默契与信任，成为考场外最动人的风景。\n \n
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\n \n \n 守护再升级，平安中考有保障\n \n \n
\n\n \n 公安民警、安保人员和社区志愿者们依旧坚守岗位，维持秩序、疏导交通，为考生们保驾护航。他们的默默付出，确保了中考的顺利进行，也让家长们多了一份安心。感谢这些\"幕后英雄\"，用责任与爱心筑起最坚实的后盾！\n \n
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\n \n \n 明日最后冲刺，我们继续同行！\n \n \n
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\n \n 中考已过半程，愿所有考生保持状态，稳扎稳打。学校全体师生与你们同在，期待你们凯旋！\n \n
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\n \n \n END\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 来源：新闻中心\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 通讯员：周露\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 编辑：周露\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 初审： 贺丽娜 周露\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 二审：黎学科\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 三审：孔妹平 夏琴\n \n \n
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\n \n 为了保证学生吃得健康、营养均衡，学校根据“学生餐营养指南”“中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量”等标准科学制定每周“带量食谱”，详细规划每餐各类食物的种类和数量。\n \n
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\n \n \n 星期一菜谱\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 星期二菜谱\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 星期三菜谱\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 星期四菜谱\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 倾情守护\n \n \n
\n\n \n 学校领导和后勤人员始终将学生的健康与安全放在首位，用无微不至的关怀筑起校园温暖的防线。\n \n
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\n \n \n 我们的日常剪影\n \n \n
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\n \n 每天清晨，后勤人员严格把关食材验收，确保每一份餐品的安全与营养；就餐时分，校领导走进食堂与学生们同桌同餐，亲切询问饭菜口味，倾听学子心声。从食堂明厨亮灶的全程监督，到校园角落的定期安全排查，他们以生为本，全天候的陪伴，让安全、健康成为校园最坚实的底色。\n \n
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\n \n
\n \n \n 营养配比\n \n \n
\n\n \n 来源：总务处\n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n 通讯员：刘毅 周露\n \n
\n\n \n 编辑：周露\n \n
\n\n \n 初审：欧滔 贺丽娜 周露\n \n
\n\n \n 二审：黎学科\n \n
\n\n \n 三审：孔妹平 夏琴\n \n
\n\n
\n \n 为了保证学生吃得健康、营养均衡，学校根据“学生餐营养指南”“中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量”等标准科学制定每周“带量食谱”，详细规划每餐各类食物的种类和数量。\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 星期二菜谱\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 星期三菜谱\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 星期四菜谱\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 星期五菜谱\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 倾情守护\n \n \n
\n\n \n 学校领导和后勤人员始终将学生的健康与安全放在首位，用无微不至的关怀筑起校园温暖的防线。\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 我们的日常剪影\n \n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n 每天清晨，后勤人员严格把关食材验收，确保每一份餐品的安全与营养；就餐时分，校领导走进食堂与学生们同桌同餐，亲切询问饭菜口味，倾听学子心声。从食堂明厨亮灶的全程监督，到校园角落的定期安全排查，他们以生为本，全天候的陪伴，让安全、健康成为校园最坚实的底色。\n \n
\n\n \n
\n \n
\n \n \n 营养配比\n \n \n
\n\n \n 来源：总务处\n \n \n
\n \n
\n \n 通讯员：刘毅 周露\n \n
\n\n \n 编辑：周露\n \n
\n\n \n 初审：欧滔 贺丽娜 周露\n \n
\n\n \n 二审：黎学科\n \n
\n\n \n 三审：孔妹平 夏琴\n \n
\n\n
![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/001/20250820_003_04_108946.png\")
\nFollowing the latest round of economic and trade talks between China and the United States in Stockholm, Sweden, last month, multinational corporations across sectors are reinforcing their commitment to the Chinese market, reflecting growing optimism for mutually beneficial bilateral cooperation.
\nBusiness leaders highlighted China's vast consumer base, resilient supply chains and drive for industrial upgrading as reasons that the country remains a critical market despite geopolitical friction.
\nThey said sustained dialogue between the two sides would help steady investor expectations and bolster confidence in long-term business ties.
\nChina and the US extended on Aug 12 the pause on tariff hikes on each other's goods for another 90 days, according to a joint statement on the China-US economic and trade meeting in Stockholm released by the Ministry of Commerce last week.
\nNathaniel Madarang, president for the Asia-Pacific region at US tire manufacturer Goodyear Tire & Rubber, said that stable and healthy China-US economic and trade relations are essential for driving mutual economic growth and innovation, as shown by the substantial trade volumes and jobs they support.
\nAs China's auto industry is being reshaped by technology and changing consumer demand, Madarang said the country will see strong growth in the electric vehicle, sport utility vehicle and luxury car segments.
\nHe said that in order to stay competitive, Goodyear has introduced its latest SUV tire products in China and other Asia-Pacific markets.
\nQuin Liu, chief commercial officer at Logitech International, the Swiss maker of computer peripherals and software, said that his company will invest more in research and development in Suzhou, Jiangsu province, in the coming years, adding that free trade and reduced geopolitical friction are key to supporting the growth of multinationals operating in China, the US and beyond.
\n"More than half of the products we make in China are shipped to global markets," said Liu, adding that China's industrial ecosystem has evolved into an innovation hub, helping multinationals tap local talent and deepen partnerships.
\nForeign-invested companies recorded foreign trade value of 7.46 trillion yuan ($1.04 trillion) in the first seven months of 2025, up 2.6 percent year-on-year and accounting for 29 percent of China's total trade. Meanwhile, their exports reached 4.1 trillion yuan, an increase of 4.9 percent year-on-year, data from the General Administration of Customs showed.
\nAccording to Zhao Fujun, a researcher specializing in international economic cooperation at the Beijing-based Development Research Center of the State Council, in order to reinforce long-term investor confidence, China has pressed ahead with institutional opening-up as well as efforts to enhance market transparency and policy predictability, and to address concerns raised by foreign companies.
\nFor instance, the National Development and Reform Commission reiterated in July that China's policy on attracting foreign investment remains unchanged, pledging to further ease market access and expand openness while ensuring that foreign companies enjoy equal treatment in areas ranging from public procurement to standard-setting.
\nYin Zheng, executive vice-president of China and East Asia operations at French industrial conglomerate Schneider Electric, said that as China enters a new era of green and innovation-led growth, global investment in China is increasingly focusing on customized innovation, supply chain efficiency, high-end manufacturing, and digital and green solutions.
\nReflecting this trend, US materials science company Corning plans to localize the production of high-end optical fibers in Shanghai.
\nLin Chunmei, president and general manager of Corning China, said the move aims to meet surging demand for denser, faster data transmission in artificial intelligence data centers, where fiber specifications far exceed those of conventional facilities.
\nForeign direct investment in China's manufacturing sector amounted to 109.06 billion yuan between January and June, while high-tech industries attracted 127.87 billion yuan. FDI inflows from Switzerland, Japan and the United Kingdom rose by 68.6 percent, 59.1 percent and 37.6 percent year-on-year, respectively, according to data from the Ministry of Commerce.
\nzhongnan@chinadaily.com.cn
\n", - "content": "\nFollowing the latest round of economic and trade talks between China and the United States in Stockholm, Sweden, last month, multinational corporations across sectors are reinforcing their commitment to the Chinese market, reflecting growing optimism for mutually beneficial bilateral cooperation.
\nBusiness leaders highlighted China's vast consumer base, resilient supply chains and drive for industrial upgrading as reasons that the country remains a critical market despite geopolitical friction.
\nThey said sustained dialogue between the two sides would help steady investor expectations and bolster confidence in long-term business ties.
\nChina and the US extended on Aug 12 the pause on tariff hikes on each other's goods for another 90 days, according to a joint statement on the China-US economic and trade meeting in Stockholm released by the Ministry of Commerce last week.
\nNathaniel Madarang, president for the Asia-Pacific region at US tire manufacturer Goodyear Tire & Rubber, said that stable and healthy China-US economic and trade relations are essential for driving mutual economic growth and innovation, as shown by the substantial trade volumes and jobs they support.
\nAs China's auto industry is being reshaped by technology and changing consumer demand, Madarang said the country will see strong growth in the electric vehicle, sport utility vehicle and luxury car segments.
\nHe said that in order to stay competitive, Goodyear has introduced its latest SUV tire products in China and other Asia-Pacific markets.
\nQuin Liu, chief commercial officer at Logitech International, the Swiss maker of computer peripherals and software, said that his company will invest more in research and development in Suzhou, Jiangsu province, in the coming years, adding that free trade and reduced geopolitical friction are key to supporting the growth of multinationals operating in China, the US and beyond.
\n"More than half of the products we make in China are shipped to global markets," said Liu, adding that China's industrial ecosystem has evolved into an innovation hub, helping multinationals tap local talent and deepen partnerships.
\nForeign-invested companies recorded foreign trade value of 7.46 trillion yuan ($1.04 trillion) in the first seven months of 2025, up 2.6 percent year-on-year and accounting for 29 percent of China's total trade. Meanwhile, their exports reached 4.1 trillion yuan, an increase of 4.9 percent year-on-year, data from the General Administration of Customs showed.
\nAccording to Zhao Fujun, a researcher specializing in international economic cooperation at the Beijing-based Development Research Center of the State Council, in order to reinforce long-term investor confidence, China has pressed ahead with institutional opening-up as well as efforts to enhance market transparency and policy predictability, and to address concerns raised by foreign companies.
\nFor instance, the National Development and Reform Commission reiterated in July that China's policy on attracting foreign investment remains unchanged, pledging to further ease market access and expand openness while ensuring that foreign companies enjoy equal treatment in areas ranging from public procurement to standard-setting.
\nYin Zheng, executive vice-president of China and East Asia operations at French industrial conglomerate Schneider Electric, said that as China enters a new era of green and innovation-led growth, global investment in China is increasingly focusing on customized innovation, supply chain efficiency, high-end manufacturing, and digital and green solutions.
\nReflecting this trend, US materials science company Corning plans to localize the production of high-end optical fibers in Shanghai.
\nLin Chunmei, president and general manager of Corning China, said the move aims to meet surging demand for denser, faster data transmission in artificial intelligence data centers, where fiber specifications far exceed those of conventional facilities.
\nForeign direct investment in China's manufacturing sector amounted to 109.06 billion yuan between January and June, while high-tech industries attracted 127.87 billion yuan. FDI inflows from Switzerland, Japan and the United Kingdom rose by 68.6 percent, 59.1 percent and 37.6 percent year-on-year, respectively, according to data from the Ministry of Commerce.
\nzhongnan@chinadaily.com.cn
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/20/content_001_68a4ea46ed50ccabe1517ce5.htm#001FRONT", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Wed, 20 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "b7a3d165f8aed51e6223a64a528b13e9", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "001FRONT - FROM AI TO DRONES, FIRMS DELIVER INDUSTRY OF FUTURE", "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/001/20250820_002_01_30744.png\")
Staff load parcels onto a high-speed train at Hengdian railway station in Jinhua, Zhejiang province on Aug 11.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/001/20250820_002_01_64744.png\")
Workers load parcels onto trucks for dispatch to various provinces at ZTO Express' Shanghai transit hub on Aug 5.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/001/20250820_002_01_105744.png\")
A drone carrying parcels arrives at a landing pad in Jinhua, Zhejiang, as part of the province's first regular operation combining specialized rail and drone services on July 31.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/001/20250820_002_01_81744.png\")
Workers put packages onto an automated sorting line at the ZTO Express' parcel-sorting center in Shanghai.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/001/20250820_002_01_47744.png\")
ZTO Express workers sort newly arrived parcels from other regions and reload them onto trucks bound for express delivery stations in Shanghai on Aug 5.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/001/20250820_002_01_108744.png\")
\nEach day, more than 500 million parcels are collected nationwide, meaning that every second nearly 6,000 items are shuttled into the express delivery process.
\nThese statistics, showing average daily operations, were released by the State Post Bureau in July, and reflect the staggering size and progress of the industry in China.
\nThe sector, which has maintained its position as the world's largest express delivery market for 11 consecutive years, is another hallmark of the country's efficiency and technological innovation, experts said.
\nFrom 2014 to 2024, China's express delivery volume leaped from 14 billion to a whopping 174.5 billion parcels, accompanied by a significant drop in the average delivery price from over 14 yuan ($1.95) to 8 yuan per parcel.
\nBehind such colossal volume is efficient resource allocation and technological prowess, with the industry evolving from labor-intensive operations to technology-driven processes.
\n"The moment a user places an order to send a parcel on his or her mobile phone, the smart system of a courier company activates a chain of automated responses, including which courier will be assigned to pick up the parcel, which outlet the parcel will go to, which vehicle it will be on, and its scheduled arrival time at various points along the route," said Yang Qingyue, a public relations manager for delivery company ZTO Express.
\n"The entire process is automated, with heavy human intervention only required at the sending and receiving ends, including interactions with the clients," Yang said.
\nZhao Chongjiu, director of the State Post Bureau, attributed the acceleration of express deliveries in the first half of this year to the expanded use of air services and high-speed rail, and a wider application of unmanned vehicles and stations, together with artificial intelligence technologies.
\n"All of this resulted in more areas being included in service circles, where customers can receive their parcels the next day," said Zhao.
\nThe bureau aims to further improve the industry through intelligent sorting, encrypted transportation, real-time tracking, AI-powered anomaly detection, and the expansion of unmanned delivery stations, industry experts said.
\nAutomated, intelligent
\nAt the Shanghai sorting center of YTO Express in Qingpu district on the municipality's outskirt, Qian Yi and his colleagues deal with parcels arriving from outside the city.
\nUnder the scorching summer sun, conveyor belts that are part of the smart sorting system are extended into delivery trucks.
\nWorkers place parcels on the conveyor belts one after another, ensuring that the electronic waybills face upward. This allows the automated sorting system to scan the barcode, identify the parcel's destination, and direct it to the correct location after it runs through a complex network of conveyor belts.
\nThe cross-belt sorter consists of interconnected sections, akin to train compartments, with each section processing a single parcel. As a parcel reaches its correct position, the belt shifts and guides it into a collection bag below.
\nWhen the bags are full, workers seal them and place them on conveyor belts that carry them to trucks bound for distribution outlets.
\n"The conveyor belts move at a speed that can carry 240 packages per minute, which is a dizzying speed but accurate, and requires no human intervention or secondary verification," said Qian, the 29-year-old leader of the parcel-sorting team at the center.
\n"Sorting centers were not like this a decade ago. Manual sorting used to be labor-intensive. Workers were stationed on either side of straight conveyor belts, with each person responsible for parcels destined for a district of Shanghai. They had to be swift in both their mind and hand movements," said Qian.
\nManual operations sometimes collapsed if the workload was too heavy during periods such as the "Double 11" shopping festival. "However, with the current system, the center can process up to 5 million parcels a day," he said.
\nCovering an area of roughly 2.5 standard soccer fields and equipped with five cross-belt sorters, the sorting center epitomizes the evolution of China's express delivery industry. "Today, most industry players headquartered in Qingpu boast an average delivery time within 45 hours nationwide at a cost of just a little more than 3 yuan per parcel. There is a saying among us: 'It costs only half a dollar to deliver a parcel nationwide'," Qian said.
\nQingpu, the only Shanghai district connecting to both Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces and adjacent to the Shanghai Hongqiao international transportation hub, has become home to the national and regional headquarters of many courier companies. Of every 10 courier parcels delivered nationwide, seven are handled by Qingpu-headquartered express delivery companies.
\nMajor players have established large technology divisions to serve as the brain of their operations. Most have automated sorting lines and remote visual management systems that connect their headquarters with business outlets nationwide.
\nAt the big data center of YTO Express' national headquarters in Qingpu, a huge screen shows busy scenes at parcel-sorting centers nationwide, the status of thousands of moving trucks, as well as real-time tracking of the entire delivery process of all parcels from collection to dispatch.
\nUnmanned vehicles
\nThe integration of new technologies, such as unmanned vehicles and drones, is reshaping courier services.
\nIn March, a drone carrying imported goods took off from a bonded zone in Qingbaijiang district, Chengdu, Sichuan province, and landed at a ZTO Express' parcel-sorting center in the city's Xindu district after a 20-minute flight.
\nUnmanned vehicles then took over to deliver the parcels to an outlet. ZTO Express has reported a 50 percent increase in delivery efficiency and a nearly one-third reduction in operating costs since adopting a transportation model combining drones and unmanned vehicles.
\n"The use of unmanned equipment is also intended to complete the last mile of express transportation in complex road conditions, such as mountainous and rural regions. So far, about 1,000 unmanned vehicles have been put into operation across the ZTO Express network, covering more than 180 cities," said Yang, the manager.
\nYunda Express is also rapidly introducing unmanned vehicles, with over 2,000 operating in urban communities and rural areas. In Tongxiang, Zhejiang province, the company's local branch has deployed 30 unmanned vehicles, with each able to send up to 2,000 parcels per day, enhancing logistics efficiency and reducing costs by 30 percent compared with traditional methods.
\nIn Baoji, Shaanxi province, a Yunda outlet uses 10 unmanned vehicles for short distance transportation between its warehouse and a district branch. The daily delivery volume of the outlet has reached 70,000, with around 50,000 done by the unmanned vehicles.
\nYunda is also expanding its use of drones, with five drone routes already in operation. The drones are used for high-value deliveries — such as fresh food and medical supplies — in cities including Hangzhou and Jiaxing, significantly reducing delivery times and labor costs.
\nThe rapid progress in high-tech applications has been continuously supported by local governments eager to encourage digital technologies, such as intelligent warehousing, scheduling based on big data, and route optimization.
\nAround a decade ago, when the industry faced large-scale equipment upgrades and transformation, the Qingpu district authority established a special fund to subsidize intelligent technological improvements and construction of digital platforms. It also facilitated green channels for banks and other investment and financing platforms.
\nData from the district authority showed that last year, the transportation cost of express delivery companies headquartered in Qingpu dropped to around 0.41 yuan, a year-on-year fall of 10 to 30 percent.
\n"Only with such affordable logistics costs can the rise of numerous 'Taobao villages' in China be possible," said Yang from ZTO.
\nIn 2016, Qingpu was designated as the sole national demonstration zone for the transformation and development of the express delivery industry. Three years later, the modern logistics industry became the first 100-billion-yuan industrial cluster in the district.
\nHowever, Liu Jingjun, deputy head of Chonggu town in Qingpu, said that the volume of express deliveries is already at a high level and is unlikely to further rise significantly. The focus, therefore, will be on high-quality development and seeking productivity from technology, he said.
\n"For example, technology can play a part in further reducing deliveries that go missing and increasing loading efficiency. If a vehicle can carry 10 boxes, it shouldn't drive off with nine boxes loaded," said Liu.
\nOverseas expansion
\nIn recent years, many leading domestic express delivery companies have decided to expand overseas. Part of the objective was to replicate China's successful experience in developing countries.
\nZTO Express' Yang said his company had transplanted a model similar to the one in China in some African nations and Cambodia. "Having the electronic delivery waybills with a barcode was a major shift for them. Machine recognition and the corresponding automated sorting only become possible when handwritten waybills are not in use anymore," he said.
\nCourier company J&T Express has also been pushing its presence in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, and Latin America. Its express network now covers 13 countries.
\nIn Southeast Asia, the company has maintained the top market share in the express delivery sector for five consecutive years. In the second quarter of this year, it reported year-on-year growth of nearly 66 percent in parcel volume, with a daily average parcel volume of 18.5 million. In emerging markets, including the Middle East, North Africa, and South America, parcel volume increased by 23.7 percent year-on-year to 89.4 million daily.
\nMeanwhile, YTO Express has opened more than 150 airfreight routes worldwide, and established overseas end-to-end delivery capabilities in more than 10 countries and regions.
\nIn June 2024, the company joined hands with Kazakhstan's national postal service to launch cross-border express services between the countries. They also established a joint venture to start building a parcel-sorting center in Almaty.
\nThis facility will not only serve as an overseas warehouse for YTO to launch into the Central Asian market, but also develop into a trade center integrating functions, such as bonded warehousing, exhibitions, and commodity trading, said the company.
\nAnother landmark for YTO is a cargo airport in Jiaxing city, Zhejiang province, positioned as a global aviation logistics hub, which will begin operations this year.
\nJiang Ze, director of media affairs at the company, said the project covers 1 square kilometers, and will integrate airfreight and intelligent warehousing. "The airport will make sure that Chinese goods reach Europe and the United States in a little more than 10 hours, supporting the realization of YTO's vision of buying and selling globally," Jiang said.
\nYunda Express is also helping cross-border e-commerce enterprises establish international logistics in important overseas markets, providing services such as warehouse management and system development.
\nYunda, for example, has achieved a single express waybill from China to South Korea. The company has also established direct service networks in Seoul, Incheon, and Busan, capable of stocking and moving 300,000 parcels a day, said Guo Pengcheng, the company's head of media affairs.
\n"Chinese products enter Yunda's overseas warehouse in South Korea in advance, which allows buyers to get their parcels within two to three days after they place orders," Guo said.
\nThe courier industry sees the upgrade from express operators to supply chain integrators as the next major growth point.
\nIn June, YTO's international supply chain reached a cooperation agreement on cross-border supply chain service with Chinese tech company Xiaomi Group, becoming its supply chain logistics service provider.
\nUnder the agreement, YTO will provide one-stop, end-to-end logistics supply chain services for Xiaomi electronic components exported to the South Asian market.
\nzhouwenting@chinasaily.com.cn
\nChina's top court has reiterated the importance of addressing improper or illegal actions taken by governments against businesses through litigation or mediation as part of a wider judicial strategy to promote the healthy development of small and medium-sized enterprises.
\nThe Supreme People's Court on Monday released five cases highlighting the approach, underscoring the need to balance punishment with education when imposing administrative penalties on SMEs. The aim, the court said, is to allow such businesses to continue operations and growth without undue hindrance.
\nOne case involved a lubricant technology company established in October 2022 in Hekou district of Dongying, Shandong province. Between December 2022 and May 2023, the company described itself on its website as a "high-tech company specializing in the research, development, production, sales and services of lubricant materials".
\nAfter reports of false advertising, the district's market supervision administration investigated and found the company was not a high-tech enterprise. The company later removed the misleading information from its site.
\nIn June 2023, the administration fined the firm 20,000 yuan ($2,786) for violating the Anti-Unfair Competition Law. The company did not contest the penalty or pay the fine, prompting the administration to seek enforcement through the local court.
\nAcknowledging the company's swift correction, the court advised the administration to forgo the fine and instead focus on educating the business about legal compliance. The administration accepted the recommendation, which the court said was aimed at supporting the growth of SMEs.
\n"The company had been operational for less than six months and had not commenced formal production during the period in question. Moreover, its website had minimal traffic," the court said.
\n"Withdrawing the administrative penalty was also influenced by the potential negative impact of a fine on a company that had yet to generate revenue," it added.
\nIt was not the first time the top court highlighted protections for private enterprises. Earlier this month, it disclosed 12 cases involving the private sector and called on courts nationwide to optimize the rule-of-law environment to advance the high-quality growth of relevant companies.
\nThe court urged judges to focus more on protecting innovators in science and technology, while also providing stronger judicial support for companies expanding globally.
\nIn a 25-article guideline issued in August, the top court directed courts at all levels to give equal protection to all economic entities engaged in market competition, emphasizing the judiciary's commitment to rigorously enforcing the Private Sector Promotion Law.
\nEffective since May 20, it is the country's first fundamental law in this area. It marks a milestone in supporting the development of the private economy and boosting entrepreneurs' confidence.
\ncaoyin@chinadaily.com.cn
\n", - "content": "China's top court has reiterated the importance of addressing improper or illegal actions taken by governments against businesses through litigation or mediation as part of a wider judicial strategy to promote the healthy development of small and medium-sized enterprises.
\nThe Supreme People's Court on Monday released five cases highlighting the approach, underscoring the need to balance punishment with education when imposing administrative penalties on SMEs. The aim, the court said, is to allow such businesses to continue operations and growth without undue hindrance.
\nOne case involved a lubricant technology company established in October 2022 in Hekou district of Dongying, Shandong province. Between December 2022 and May 2023, the company described itself on its website as a "high-tech company specializing in the research, development, production, sales and services of lubricant materials".
\nAfter reports of false advertising, the district's market supervision administration investigated and found the company was not a high-tech enterprise. The company later removed the misleading information from its site.
\nIn June 2023, the administration fined the firm 20,000 yuan ($2,786) for violating the Anti-Unfair Competition Law. The company did not contest the penalty or pay the fine, prompting the administration to seek enforcement through the local court.
\nAcknowledging the company's swift correction, the court advised the administration to forgo the fine and instead focus on educating the business about legal compliance. The administration accepted the recommendation, which the court said was aimed at supporting the growth of SMEs.
\n"The company had been operational for less than six months and had not commenced formal production during the period in question. Moreover, its website had minimal traffic," the court said.
\n"Withdrawing the administrative penalty was also influenced by the potential negative impact of a fine on a company that had yet to generate revenue," it added.
\nIt was not the first time the top court highlighted protections for private enterprises. Earlier this month, it disclosed 12 cases involving the private sector and called on courts nationwide to optimize the rule-of-law environment to advance the high-quality growth of relevant companies.
\nThe court urged judges to focus more on protecting innovators in science and technology, while also providing stronger judicial support for companies expanding globally.
\nIn a 25-article guideline issued in August, the top court directed courts at all levels to give equal protection to all economic entities engaged in market competition, emphasizing the judiciary's commitment to rigorously enforcing the Private Sector Promotion Law.
\nEffective since May 20, it is the country's first fundamental law in this area. It marks a milestone in supporting the development of the private economy and boosting entrepreneurs' confidence.
\ncaoyin@chinadaily.com.cn
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/20/content_004_68a4ea65ed50ccabe1517cef.htm#004CHINA", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Wed, 20 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "8be50f087e7b33163c33d01f347a43ba", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "004CHINA - Threat of floods remains after peak season ends", "description": "China faces continued flood risks even though the peak flood season has ended, the Ministry of Water Resources said on Monday, warning that the possibility of extreme weather events remains.
\nThe peak typically runs from July 16 to Aug 15, according to the ministry.
\nChina Central Television reported that the ministry said above-average rainfall is expected nationwide through the end of August and September. Typhoons may form in the northwest Pacific Ocean and South China Sea, with some making landfall or affecting China.
\nOn Tuesday, the National Meteorological Center issued a blue alert for heavy rain, the lowest level in its four-tier warning system.
\nThe center forecast that through Saturday, a mix of warm, moist air and cold air will bring scattered showers and thunderstorms to northern China, along with strong winds and hail.
\n"From Wednesday to Friday, the intense and localized nature of the precipitation raises the risk of small-scale severe rainfall," said Xu Jun, the center's chief forecaster.
\nThe likelihood of flash flooding is particularly high in parts of Shanxi, Qinghai and Gansu provinces, Xu added.
\nThe State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters on Tuesday initiated a Level IV emergency response, the lowest level, for flood control in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Two working groups were dispatched to Hebei province and Beijing to assist and guide flood prevention efforts.
\nDuring the peak season this year, scattered torrential rains and flooding occurred simultaneously across the country, which the ministry described as extreme and highly destructive.
\nA total of 330 rivers nationwide saw water levels exceed warning thresholds, and 22 rivers experienced their largest floods on record, the ministry said.
\nFrom July 23 to 29, Liudaohe town in Hebei province's Xinglong county and Dachengzi town in Beijing's Miyun district recorded rainfall totals nearing their annual averages, said Yao Wenguang, head of the ministry's department of flood and drought disaster prevention, according to Xinhua News Agency.
\nHe was quoted by CCTV as saying the overall flood situation has been more severe in northern China than in the south. In July, the Haihe River Basin saw regional major flooding, with rivers such as Beijing's Chaobai River and Tianjin's Jiyun River tributary recording their largest floods since measurements began.
\nIn response, the ministry used advanced forecasting technologies, issuing more than 170,000 flood forecasts and managing about 1,300 reservoirs, which helped more than 1 million people avoid having to relocate, Xinhua reported.
\nlihongyang@chinadaily.com.cn
\n", @@ -18682,28 +17186,6 @@ "hash": "54a176056353337f0d0e8eaf0ed33795", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "004CHINA - Symphony of dreams", - "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/004/20250820_004_05_49414.png\")
Performers grace the stage at the 11th National Disabled People's Art Festival in Wuhan, Hubei province on Monday. The event, called Symphony of Dreams: Together Towards a New Era, features 152 performances across four categories, marking the largest and most attended festival in its history.
\n", - "content": "Performers grace the stage at the 11th National Disabled People's Art Festival in Wuhan, Hubei province on Monday. The event, called Symphony of Dreams: Together Towards a New Era, features 152 performances across four categories, marking the largest and most attended festival in its history.
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/20/content_004_68a4ea76ed50ccabe1517cf3.htm#004CHINA", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Wed, 20 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "bfe511c4b88028b400b42ee91bff6803", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "005CHINA - Tourism soars sky-high over grand bridge", "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/005/20250820_005_01_124913.png\")
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/005/20250820_005_01_35913.png\")
Huajiang village, Guizhou province, lies near the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge.
\nVillagers near the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge in Guizhou province are anticipating a tourism boom as the world's highest bridge prepares to open.
\nIn about a month, the bridge, with a height of 625 meters from deck to water, will open as part of the local expressway system and cut travel time between the two banks from about one hour to just 90 seconds.
\nHuajiang village in Zhenfeng county sits about 1 kilometer from the span. The village, listed among China's traditional villages, has seen the promise of improved access quickly turn into preparations for incoming tourists.
\n"We are the village closest to the bridge, and we have the best view," said 35-year-old resident Lin Guoquan. Three years ago, when he learned the massive project would be built on his doorstep, Lin — who had worked in the tourism sector in Yunnan province — returned home and launched a homestay business.
\nIn May 2024 Lin began converting old village houses into guest rooms decorated in Bouyei ethnic style. The homestay opened in October the same year and now offers 27 rooms.
\n"You can see the bridge directly from your bed," Lin said.
\nAs the opening date approaches, Lin's homestay has become popular. Occupancy rates are high and the rooms often sell out.
\n"With the bridge opening in September, rooms are filling up fast," he said.
\nLin also posts videos of the bridge, the gorge and the surrounding sea of clouds on Douyin, the Chinese version of TikTok. Several of his accounts tied to the project have attracted more than 1 million followers.
\nSome villagers are recording daily construction progress on their phones as the structure rises. One blogger who documents the work almost every day on Douyin has drawn more than 240,000 followers, attracting more visitors from nearby areas.
\nAt present, Huajiang village has only Lin's homestay and two or three farm restaurants, but more renovations are already underway. Official plans released in July incorporate the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge and roughly 50 square kilometers around it into a coordinated tourism development scheme designed to turn distant check-ins into immersive, zero-distance experiences.
\n"The bridge's opening is an important milestone," Lin said. "Via ferrata, paragliding and other outdoor attractions are expected to arrive here. The focus will not be limited to the bridge itself; it will drive development across the surrounding area and help retain visitors."
\nIn July the bridge's viewing corridor, high-speed racing track and viewing platforms were completed.
\nVisitors can test their driving skills on a 1,411-meter-long racetrack situated about 600 meters above the ground. Earlier plans also call for glass sightseeing elevators and a cafe.
\n"Not a day can be wasted and nothing can be sloppy. We are now completing the final painting and other finishing work," said Wang Songyu, deputy project manager for the contract section. He added that overall progress has surpassed 99 percent, and the bridge is expected to open to traffic by the end of September.
\nContact the writers at liuboqian@chinadaily.com.cn
\n", @@ -18726,28 +17208,6 @@ "hash": "86c06a13fd19872452b0d23b4ae45d7f", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "005CHINA - Decades of progress boost Nagchu living standards", - "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/005/20250820_005_03_52913.png\")
Students in a primary school in Sernyi district of Nagchu, Xizang autonomous region, attend a Tibetan language class.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/005/20250820_005_03_127913.png\")
\nNagchu city in the northern part of the Xizang autonomous region has made major gains in infrastructure, education, health and living standards over the past few decades, local officials said on Tuesday.
\nAccording to figures released at a news conference in Lhasa, the regional capital, the city's GDP rose from 295 million yuan ($41 million) in 1990 to more than 24.6 billion yuan in 2024. During the same period, the per capita disposable income of urban residents grew from 1,755 yuan to 55,499 yuan, while the figure for rural residents climbed from 411 yuan to 20,099 yuan.
\nLi Meng, vice-mayor of Nagchu, said the city has made great progress in infrastructure over the past 60 years. A "heavenly corridor "consisting of five vital lines — highways, railways, oil and gas pipelines, fiber-optic cables and power lines — runs through the city.
\nThe industrial structure of the city has been optimized and upgraded.
\n"We have achieved a significant transformation from a single nomadic industry to diverse development that includes clean energy, specialty agriculture and animal husbandry, and cultural tourism," he said.
\nLi emphasized that livelihoods for citizens have improved significantly over the past 60 years.
\n"The general populace, including officials and citizens, all enjoy equal chances of receiving better childcare, education, employment, healthcare, elderly care, housing and support for the vulnerable," he said.
\nThe retention rate for compulsory education and the enrollment rate for children with disabilities have reached 98 percent and 100 percent, respectively. Medical and health institutions now provide full coverage at the county, township and village levels, Li said.
\nThe participation rates for basic medical insurance and basic pension insurance have remained stable at more than 99 percent and 98 percent, respectively, he added.
\nPhuntsok, director of the city's development and reform commission, said authorities have prioritized education. With increasing investment each year, the number of schools at all levels has reached 462.
\n"We have been continuously enhancing the capacity and level of primary healthcare services, building on the comprehensive implementation of basic medical insurance policies for urban and rural residents. They offer free treatment for diseases such as cataracts, Kashin-Beck disease, hip and knee joint replacement, and congenital heart disease," Phuntsok said.
\nLocal residents say they have seen the changes firsthand.
\nTsering Karma, a 70-year-old villager in Machu township in Amdo county of Nagchu, said dramatic transformations have taken place in his hometown in terms of telecommunication, transportation, electricity and drinking water.
\n"Thanks to our country's overall development in recent decades, my hometown has been prospering as well, with people's livelihoods largely improved and ecological protection work further enhanced in the new era," he said.
\n"The quality of living, housing and education has improved dramatically. The government provides 15-year free education to all the children from preschool to high school, so everybody has the chance to receive better education," he added.
\nContact the writers at palden_nyima@chinadaily.com.cn
\n", - "content": "Students in a primary school in Sernyi district of Nagchu, Xizang autonomous region, attend a Tibetan language class.
\n\nNagchu city in the northern part of the Xizang autonomous region has made major gains in infrastructure, education, health and living standards over the past few decades, local officials said on Tuesday.
\nAccording to figures released at a news conference in Lhasa, the regional capital, the city's GDP rose from 295 million yuan ($41 million) in 1990 to more than 24.6 billion yuan in 2024. During the same period, the per capita disposable income of urban residents grew from 1,755 yuan to 55,499 yuan, while the figure for rural residents climbed from 411 yuan to 20,099 yuan.
\nLi Meng, vice-mayor of Nagchu, said the city has made great progress in infrastructure over the past 60 years. A "heavenly corridor "consisting of five vital lines — highways, railways, oil and gas pipelines, fiber-optic cables and power lines — runs through the city.
\nThe industrial structure of the city has been optimized and upgraded.
\n"We have achieved a significant transformation from a single nomadic industry to diverse development that includes clean energy, specialty agriculture and animal husbandry, and cultural tourism," he said.
\nLi emphasized that livelihoods for citizens have improved significantly over the past 60 years.
\n"The general populace, including officials and citizens, all enjoy equal chances of receiving better childcare, education, employment, healthcare, elderly care, housing and support for the vulnerable," he said.
\nThe retention rate for compulsory education and the enrollment rate for children with disabilities have reached 98 percent and 100 percent, respectively. Medical and health institutions now provide full coverage at the county, township and village levels, Li said.
\nThe participation rates for basic medical insurance and basic pension insurance have remained stable at more than 99 percent and 98 percent, respectively, he added.
\nPhuntsok, director of the city's development and reform commission, said authorities have prioritized education. With increasing investment each year, the number of schools at all levels has reached 462.
\n"We have been continuously enhancing the capacity and level of primary healthcare services, building on the comprehensive implementation of basic medical insurance policies for urban and rural residents. They offer free treatment for diseases such as cataracts, Kashin-Beck disease, hip and knee joint replacement, and congenital heart disease," Phuntsok said.
\nLocal residents say they have seen the changes firsthand.
\nTsering Karma, a 70-year-old villager in Machu township in Amdo county of Nagchu, said dramatic transformations have taken place in his hometown in terms of telecommunication, transportation, electricity and drinking water.
\n"Thanks to our country's overall development in recent decades, my hometown has been prospering as well, with people's livelihoods largely improved and ecological protection work further enhanced in the new era," he said.
\n"The quality of living, housing and education has improved dramatically. The government provides 15-year free education to all the children from preschool to high school, so everybody has the chance to receive better education," he added.
\nContact the writers at palden_nyima@chinadaily.com.cn
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/20/content_005_68a4ea87ed50ccabe1517cf7.htm#005CHINA", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Wed, 20 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "a1ffb8c41a0632040d9dbdc683199424", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "005CHINA - Chinese rocket carries innovative Mexican satellites into orbit", "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/005/20250820_005_05_69913.png\")
Kinetica 1 rocket launches seven satellites into orbit on Tuesday.
\nCAS Space, a Beijing-based commercial rocket maker, launched the eighth rocket in its Kinetica 1 series on Tuesday afternoon, transporting seven satellites, including a pair built in Mexico, into space.
\nThe rocket lifted off at 3:33 pm from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China's Gobi Desert and then placed the payloads — a synthetic aperture radar satellite, an Earth-observation satellite and five experimental satellites — into their preset orbit, the company said in a statement.
\nAmong the hardware launched are the mini ThumbSat-1 and ThumbSat-2 satellites. Weighing about 100 grams each, they were designed and built by private Mexican company ThumbSat and have very simple tasks, the company said.
\n"ThumbSat-1 carries a selfie payload, aiming to capture its own mirror-selfie in orbit. ThumbSat-2 carries an artistic payload, merging science and creativity, reminding us that exploration is not only about data but also about expression," it said on its website.
\nIt added that the mission was made possible through close collaboration between CAS Space and ThumbSat, as their engineers together designed a specialized satellite deployer.
\nIn addition, ThumbSat stated that it will set up ground-receiving stations across Mexico to enable students and space fans to use antennas and software for free to "track signals from orbit and take part in a mission that crosses borders and disciplines".
\nIn its statement, CAS Space said that, "As a groundbreaking cooperation between China and Mexico in the field of satellite development and service, this project marks a milestone breakthrough for China's space industry in the North American commercial space market."
\nThe Chinese company said the project's success will strengthen the bond of Sino-Mexican scientific and technological cooperation and will make important contributions to "building a fair, open and inclusive system for international space cooperation".
\nHu Xiaowei, project manager of the Kinetica 1 model, said that Tuesday's launch has once again highlighted the rocket's reliability.
\n"By now, CAS Space has used our Kinetica 1 rockets to help clients deploy 70 satellites with a combined weight of more than 7 (metric) tons. We are No 1 in terms of business share in China's commercial launch market, and the Kinetica 1 still holds the domestic record of most satellites launched by a commercial rocket," he said, stating that Kinetica 1 is the "most suitable choice" for launching small and mid-size satellites.
\nTuesday's launch was not the first time Kinetica 1 carried satellites for foreign clients.
\nIn its fifth flight in November last year, the rocket placed 15 satellites into their preset orbit, including the IRSS-1 that was designed and built by the China Academy of Space Technology for the Omani space industry startup Oman Lens.
\nIt marked the first time that a Chinese commercial space company had launched any satellite for a foreign client, and also the first time that an Omani satellite had been successfully put into orbit.
\n"We can arrange a launch mission in a flexible and rapid manner, and that means we are able to efficiently respond to clients' urgent orders. Besides, compared with similar rocket models on the international market, ours features an attractive price and a very high accuracy of orbital deployment," said Meng Xiangfu, deputy manager of the Kinetica 1 project.
\nFormerly known as ZK 1A, the Kinetica 1 model has a length of 30 meters, a diameter of 2.65 meters, and a liftoff weight of 135 tons. It is capable of deploying satellites with a combined weight of 1.5 tons to a typical sun-synchronous orbit about 500 kilometers above Earth.
\nzhaolei@chinadaily.com.cn
\n", @@ -18770,28 +17230,6 @@ "hash": "81ead1d2414774e79640d9392672df4e", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "006CHINA - Q&A", - "description": "Q: Why is the claim that \"a Taiwan emergency is a Japanese emergency\" a false narrative?
\nA: This year marks the 80th anniversary of the recovery of Taiwan. Japan undeniably bears historical responsibilities on the Taiwan question. The Cairo Declaration issued by China, the United States and the United Kingdom in 1943 states in explicit terms that Taiwan is a territory that Japan had stolen from the Chinese, and shall be restored to China.
\nArticle 8 of the Potsdam Proclamation, jointly issued by China, the US, the UK and the Soviet Union in 1945, stipulates that the terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out. On Aug 15, 1945, Japan accepted the Potsdam Proclamation and announced unconditional surrender. Later in 1972, Japan pledged in the China-Japan Joint Statement that it firmly maintains its position under Article 8 of the Potsdam Proclamation.
\nThe Treaty of Peace and Friendship Between China and Japan, signed in 1978, clearly states that the principles set out in the statement should be strictly observed. The treaty was deliberated and approved by the legislators of the two countries, and together with the China-Japan Joint Statement, constitutes a legally binding documents that provide guidance for bilateral ties.
\nThe above-mentioned historical evidence and legal basis fully show that abiding by the one-China principle is a serious political commitment and obligation under international law that Japan must follow.
\nThe false narrative, including "a Taiwan emergency is a Japanese emergency", will gravely erode the political foundation of China-Japan relations.
\nSource: Ministry of Foreign Affairs
\n", - "content": "Q: Why is the claim that \"a Taiwan emergency is a Japanese emergency\" a false narrative?
\nA: This year marks the 80th anniversary of the recovery of Taiwan. Japan undeniably bears historical responsibilities on the Taiwan question. The Cairo Declaration issued by China, the United States and the United Kingdom in 1943 states in explicit terms that Taiwan is a territory that Japan had stolen from the Chinese, and shall be restored to China.
\nArticle 8 of the Potsdam Proclamation, jointly issued by China, the US, the UK and the Soviet Union in 1945, stipulates that the terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out. On Aug 15, 1945, Japan accepted the Potsdam Proclamation and announced unconditional surrender. Later in 1972, Japan pledged in the China-Japan Joint Statement that it firmly maintains its position under Article 8 of the Potsdam Proclamation.
\nThe Treaty of Peace and Friendship Between China and Japan, signed in 1978, clearly states that the principles set out in the statement should be strictly observed. The treaty was deliberated and approved by the legislators of the two countries, and together with the China-Japan Joint Statement, constitutes a legally binding documents that provide guidance for bilateral ties.
\nThe above-mentioned historical evidence and legal basis fully show that abiding by the one-China principle is a serious political commitment and obligation under international law that Japan must follow.
\nThe false narrative, including "a Taiwan emergency is a Japanese emergency", will gravely erode the political foundation of China-Japan relations.
\nSource: Ministry of Foreign Affairs
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/20/content_006_68a4ea98ed50ccabe1517cfb.htm#006CHINA", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Wed, 20 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "32dfe7da49f1e7d73f9b73f0cff9ea8c", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "007CHINA - Foreign singers strike a chord in Chinese show", "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/007/20250820_007_01_22.png\")
United States singer Mickey Guyton performs in the Chinese singing competition Singer 2025 in Changsha, Hunan province.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/007/20250820_007_01_39.png\")
The finalists of the competition pose for a group photo.
\nInternational participants gave a thumbs-up to the popular Chinese singing competition Singer 2025, saying that the program offered opportunities for cross-border cultural interactions and confirmed the artistic consensus that "music knows no borders".
\nWell-known country music singer Mickey Guyton from the United States won second place in the live final of the show with her Better Than You Left Me earlier this month, which was hosted by Hunan TV and Mango TV in Changsha, Hunan province. Chinese male singer Chen Chusheng was crowned the show's champion.
\nGuyton was among the international finalists who outnumbered their Chinese rivals for the first time in the TV program, winning over the audience with her unique country style and emotional singing.
\n"I was just so excited and felt so much love from the audience," she said, adding that the experience was life-changing as it allowed her to see all the different styles of music, providing new angles for her future creations.
\nIn her view, US music is more rhythm-driven, while Chinese music is more emotion-driven. She described the latter as a "winding river", with poetic lyrics, delicate rises and falls, and a graceful flow, whereas the former resembles a "roaring ocean", sometimes erupting with sudden waves.
\nShe detected hints of 1990s American country music in certain Chinese songs, suggesting there might be "unrecognized common ground" between the two. Fascinated by the rich theatricality and instrumental elements in Chinese music, she expressed a desire to incorporate them into her own work, such as performing a song in Chinese, despite acknowledging it as a "considerable challenge".
\nGuyton views music as a powerful bridge that transcends genres and unites people. She believes that it's the singers' duty to step out of their comfort zones, respect and learn from different cultures, and promote mutual understanding.
\nA first-time visitor to China with her family, Guyton tried Chinese snacks, traditional attire and learned about silver ornament forging and brocade weaving in a trip to Huaihua, in Hunan, organized by the show producers.
\n"I think the people here are so lovely and kind in the way they treat children and take care of their elderly. And I think that is probably one of the most beautiful parts of Chinese culture," she said.
\nHer positive attitude and willingness to embrace new experiences have made her a beloved figure among Chinese audiences. After participating in Singer 2025, Guyton's fans on Chinese social media platforms Weibo, Xiaohongshu and Douyin grew more than 100,000. Moving forward, Guyton said she hopes to hold concerts in China and collaborate with Chinese musicians.
\nSince its May 16 debut, the show aired live on Fridays, featuring accomplished singers competing against one another. The audience and online voters decide the results, and the least popular performers may be eliminated to give new contenders a chance.
\nGrace Kinstler, also from the US, who ranked sixth in the final, said the show was better than she imagined.
\n"Coming from the other side of the world to a completely new place, I think it exceeded what I anticipated — whether in how warmly everyone welcomed me, the audience's response to my performances, or the chance to deeply understand other singers' cultures and how those influences shape their music. It's been truly magical," she said.
\nShe said the show doesn't just highlight Chinese music. Instead, it honors music from all over the world. "I really don't think there's another program quite like it. It's special, and it's brilliant," she added.
\nIn her view, music is one of the few universal languages that connects all of humanity — no matter who you are or where you're from, it bridges divides. She said even though she couldn't speak the same language as many of the singers there, she still felt deeply connected to them through music.
\nMalaysian singer Jess Lee, who won fourth place at the final, said she grew up in a country with multiple cultures, where she listened to songs in different languages, styles and instruments. And she felt honored to be able to bring Malaysian folk songs to Chinese audiences and boost bilateral exchanges. Her teacher learned music in China, and she herself was inspired by visiting different scenic spots in China, such as Lijiang and Shangri-La in Yunnan province, which she had "never seen before".
\n"I've seen these landscapes, walked these paths, met different people, and experienced diverse cultures — all of which have shaped my musical foundation. Now, when I stand on this stage, I do so with extraordinary confidence," she said.
\nThe popular program has gained recognition for bringing global artists to Chinese audiences, helping them expand their fan base. This season's impressive international roster included, apart from the finalists, guest performers such as Canada's Michael Buble, Brazil's Alexia Evellyn and the US' Charlie Puth and Jordan Smith.
\nThe viewership of Singer 2025 exceeded 3.5 billion, with 162 million interactions from audiences, data from producers showed.
\nZhang Danyang, a producer of the show, said almost every year international singers are invited to the program, to enable audiences to see diverse music. "It has not only showcased the top-tier talent from the world's leading hubs of pop music but also introduced Chinese artists and culture to global audiences," Zhang said.
\n"We firmly believe that music transcends borders and breaks language barriers. The performances in the show and the camaraderie among singers from different countries naturally become stepping stones for cross-cultural dialogue," she said.
\nContact the writers at chenmeiling@chinadaily.com.cn
\n", @@ -18814,28 +17252,6 @@ "hash": "608359769a25eefa95705c74703a73b6", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "008COMMENT - Truth of Taiwan's status cannot be denied", - "description": "Although the secessionist-minded Lai Ching-te authorities of Taiwan try and portray themselves as "democratic", what they have been doing has been anything but.
\nApart from muffling voices that differ from theirs in the island's society, purging elements that they baselessly label as colluding with "external hostile forces" and arbitrarily attacking opposition parties, the Democratic Progressive Party authorities led by Lai also seek to distort history to serve their "pro-independence" and de-Sinicization agenda.
\nThey seem convinced that "Who controls the past controls the future: who controls the present controls the past". But their tricks are easily discernible as they have to call white black, creating historical crevices that are too wide to fill with lies.
\nThe Lai authorities have recently claimed that after World War II, the Treaty of San Francisco took the place of political statements, such as the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation, adding that the Treaty did not hand over Taiwan to the People's Republic of China.
\nSuch arguments are falsehoods concocted by the DPP authorities long before Lai took office. They disregard historical facts and contradict international legal principles. Such attempts to exploit the Treaty to distort the truth to support "Taiwan independence" are utterly groundless.
\nThe Treaty was signed in 1951 under the manipulation of the United States with no Chinese representative involved, including in the preceding negotiations. The Treaty is not legally binding on China, and the DPP authorities' attempt to use it as a "legal proof" to support their "pro-independence" claims for Taiwan has no legitimacy in international law.
\nThe Treaty they quoted contravenes the provisions of the Declaration by United Nations signed by 26 countries — including China, the US, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union — in 1942, and goes against the fundamental principles of the UN Charter and international law.
\nAnything set out in the document, including the sovereignty over Taiwan or the handling of the territory and sovereign rights of China as a nonsignatory, is thus entirely illegal, null and void.
\nA series of international instruments, including the Cairo Declaration, the Potsdam Proclamation and the Japanese Instrument of Surrender, clearly define China's sovereignty over Taiwan, declaring it to be a part of China, which is a solid fact rooted in history and the law beyond any doubt. These instruments constitute the unchallengeable outcome of the victory in the World Anti-Fascist War and an important part of the postwar international order.
\nOn Oct 1, 1949, the PRC was founded, and the Central People's Government became the sole legal government representing the whole of China. The change of government took place while China remained unchanged as a subject of international law. China's sovereignty and inherent territory did not change.
\nAs a natural result, the government of the PRC fully enjoys and exercises China's sovereignty, including sovereignty over Taiwan. The so-called Treaty of San Francisco is an illegal and invalid instrument issued by some countries gathered by the US years after the end of WWII to separately make peace with Japan excluding the PRC and despite the Soviet Union's objection.
\nThe Lai authorities have chosen to be blind to these facts. Last week they also tried to use "the end of war" rhetoric to whitewash Japan's unconditional surrender at the 80th anniversary of that event.
\nThe Lai authorities have disregarded the outcomes of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45) and deliberately distorted the history of WWII. This is simply contemptible.
\nThe fact-distorting and misleading rhetoric related to the Treaty once again lays bare the nefarious separatist nature of the Lai authorities.
\nA poll released by the island's TVBS News last week shows that only 28 percent of respondents are satisfied with Lai's governance of the region, while 55 percent are dissatisfied, marking a record low in Lai's approval ratings since he took office in May last year.
\nThat should serve as an acute reminder that the Taiwan residents are not that easily hoodwinked by Lai's "pro-independence" endeavors. Refusing to seek truth from facts, the Lai authorities' latest WWII-related lie-telling campaign indicates they have chosen to turn a deaf ear to the people's call. In doing so, they have to tell more lies to cover up the previous one resulting in their "democracy" model being downgraded to a doomed Orwellian fable.
\nNo matter what the Lai authorities say or do, it cannot alter the fact that Taiwan is part of China — an undeniable truth that is supported by both history and international law. Nor can they change the prevailing international commitment to the one-China principle, still less change the course of China's reunification.
\n", - "content": "Although the secessionist-minded Lai Ching-te authorities of Taiwan try and portray themselves as "democratic", what they have been doing has been anything but.
\nApart from muffling voices that differ from theirs in the island's society, purging elements that they baselessly label as colluding with "external hostile forces" and arbitrarily attacking opposition parties, the Democratic Progressive Party authorities led by Lai also seek to distort history to serve their "pro-independence" and de-Sinicization agenda.
\nThey seem convinced that "Who controls the past controls the future: who controls the present controls the past". But their tricks are easily discernible as they have to call white black, creating historical crevices that are too wide to fill with lies.
\nThe Lai authorities have recently claimed that after World War II, the Treaty of San Francisco took the place of political statements, such as the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation, adding that the Treaty did not hand over Taiwan to the People's Republic of China.
\nSuch arguments are falsehoods concocted by the DPP authorities long before Lai took office. They disregard historical facts and contradict international legal principles. Such attempts to exploit the Treaty to distort the truth to support "Taiwan independence" are utterly groundless.
\nThe Treaty was signed in 1951 under the manipulation of the United States with no Chinese representative involved, including in the preceding negotiations. The Treaty is not legally binding on China, and the DPP authorities' attempt to use it as a "legal proof" to support their "pro-independence" claims for Taiwan has no legitimacy in international law.
\nThe Treaty they quoted contravenes the provisions of the Declaration by United Nations signed by 26 countries — including China, the US, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union — in 1942, and goes against the fundamental principles of the UN Charter and international law.
\nAnything set out in the document, including the sovereignty over Taiwan or the handling of the territory and sovereign rights of China as a nonsignatory, is thus entirely illegal, null and void.
\nA series of international instruments, including the Cairo Declaration, the Potsdam Proclamation and the Japanese Instrument of Surrender, clearly define China's sovereignty over Taiwan, declaring it to be a part of China, which is a solid fact rooted in history and the law beyond any doubt. These instruments constitute the unchallengeable outcome of the victory in the World Anti-Fascist War and an important part of the postwar international order.
\nOn Oct 1, 1949, the PRC was founded, and the Central People's Government became the sole legal government representing the whole of China. The change of government took place while China remained unchanged as a subject of international law. China's sovereignty and inherent territory did not change.
\nAs a natural result, the government of the PRC fully enjoys and exercises China's sovereignty, including sovereignty over Taiwan. The so-called Treaty of San Francisco is an illegal and invalid instrument issued by some countries gathered by the US years after the end of WWII to separately make peace with Japan excluding the PRC and despite the Soviet Union's objection.
\nThe Lai authorities have chosen to be blind to these facts. Last week they also tried to use "the end of war" rhetoric to whitewash Japan's unconditional surrender at the 80th anniversary of that event.
\nThe Lai authorities have disregarded the outcomes of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45) and deliberately distorted the history of WWII. This is simply contemptible.
\nThe fact-distorting and misleading rhetoric related to the Treaty once again lays bare the nefarious separatist nature of the Lai authorities.
\nA poll released by the island's TVBS News last week shows that only 28 percent of respondents are satisfied with Lai's governance of the region, while 55 percent are dissatisfied, marking a record low in Lai's approval ratings since he took office in May last year.
\nThat should serve as an acute reminder that the Taiwan residents are not that easily hoodwinked by Lai's "pro-independence" endeavors. Refusing to seek truth from facts, the Lai authorities' latest WWII-related lie-telling campaign indicates they have chosen to turn a deaf ear to the people's call. In doing so, they have to tell more lies to cover up the previous one resulting in their "democracy" model being downgraded to a doomed Orwellian fable.
\nNo matter what the Lai authorities say or do, it cannot alter the fact that Taiwan is part of China — an undeniable truth that is supported by both history and international law. Nor can they change the prevailing international commitment to the one-China principle, still less change the course of China's reunification.
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/20/content_008_68a4eaa9ed50ccabe1517cff.htm#008COMMENT", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Wed, 20 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "982816031ba765ced091d5924e8c3287", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "008COMMENT - No simple solution to crisis, but still better to talk than to fight", "description": "Although everyone seemed to keep the mood delicately cordial during the marathon meetings at the White House on Monday to keep the focus on the collective goal of ending the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the disagreement between the United States and its European allies on how the goal should be realized remains.
\nNATO chief Mark Rutte told Fox News that potential swaps of Ukrainian territory were not discussed. Yet, the issue was believed to be a focus of the discussions. An image posted by a senior White House official on Monday showed US President Donald Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky standing in front of a map of Ukraine showing the areas occupied by Russian forces.
\nTrump has said it was up to Ukraine to determine the issue of potential territorial concessions as part of any peace deal, although he has at times indicated the need for "land swaps".
\nThat the US president announced he is arranging a trilateral meeting between Russian President Vladimir Putin, Zelensky and himself implies that Ukraine and the European countries might have been pressured to soften their stance on territory, as well as a ceasefire that they once took as a requisite for any talks.
\nAn indication of that came when Zelensky told the media "I hope that we will find decisions and what is very important that all the sensitive things, territorial, etc, we will discuss on the level of leaders during trilateral meeting". Previously, he had stressed that territory is nonnegotiable.
\n"I can't imagine that the next meeting would take place without a ceasefire," German Chancellor Friedrich Merz said during a roundtable discussion. But the US president said it was not a prerequisite. "We're going to let the president go over and talk to the president, and we'll see how that works out," Trump responded to Merz. "In the six wars that I've settled, I haven't had a ceasefire. We just got into negotiations."
\nThat a trilateral meeting was being arranged after agreeing to include the territorial issue in future discussions indicates that both Ukraine and its European allies accept that a ceasefire is no longer a requisite for negotiations.
\nAlthough he said "The idea of trilateral meeting is very important, because this is the only way to fix it", French President Emmanuel Macron stressed that another summit should not only feature the three presidents — Zelensky, Putin and Trump — but also top European leaders, indicating the European countries' disenchantment at being excluded from the table. But that seems to be where the US-brokered peace process leads to.
\nThe main concrete result from Monday's meetings is Washington's promise to give Ukraine "NATO Article 5-like protection" as a security guarantee to bring an end to the conflict. US special envoy Steve Witkoff said on Sunday that Moscow has agreed to this arrangement.
\nNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization's Article 5 says that "if a NATO Ally is the victim of an armed attack, each and every other member of the Alliance will consider this act of violence as an armed attack against all members and will take the actions it deems necessary to assist the Ally attacked".
\nUkraine has also said it wants any peace deal to include guarantees that Russia will never launch such a "special military operation" in the future.
\nIn other words, following the loss of lives, land and mineral resources, what Ukraine, with the full support of its European allies, will probably secure at last is the "security guarantees" of Washington and Moscow.
\nWhile the path to resolving the Russia-Ukraine conflict remains complex and filled with disagreements, it is clear that dialogue and negotiation offer the most viable route forward. Talking — even when difficult — is far preferable to confrontation.
\n", @@ -18858,28 +17274,6 @@ "hash": "b23219bd2f69bdbbabc8e13e4a26c36b", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "009VIEWS - Xizang's meteoric rise proves true", - "description": "It is both an honor and a privilege to reflect on a subject of immense historical and contemporary significance — the founding of the Xizang autonomous region and its profound impact on the region's transformation.
\nIn our native lexicon, Xizang has long been revered as the "neighboring realm" or the "land at the frontier". Though geographically distant — with cities like Sakya, Shigatse and Lhasa lying far beyond the Kathmandu Valley — Xizang has always occupied a cherished place in our collective consciousness as a land of mystique and cultural affinity.
\nThe commercial and cultural ties between Kathmandu and Xizang, particularly Lhasa, stretch back over a millennium. Generations of Newar merchants from the Kathmandu Valley sojourned in Lhasa and beyond, bringing back a rich tapestry of stories and experiences to their homeland. These narratives shaped the perceptions of Xizang among the people of Kathmandu, painting it as a land of wonder, spirituality and enduring traditions.
\nAs a young Newar growing up in Kathmandu, my earliest impressions of Xizang and its people were forged through the lyrical cadences of Newar literature and the vivid anecdotes of elders who had traded in Lhasa. To my youthful imagination, Lhasa was an enigmatic city where the divine and the mortal coexisted, shrouded in an aura of sacred mystery.
\nIt was not until 2008, when I first set foot in Lhasa and traversed the vast landscapes of Xizang, that I understood the region's true essence. Since then, I have returned no fewer than five times, each visit deepening my understanding of its remarkable evolution.
\nFor centuries, Xizang's economic progress was hindered by its formidable geography, rugged terrain and delicate ecology. Yet in recent decades the region has undergone a metamorphosis so profound that it bears little resemblance to the Lhasa of my childhood reveries. The mountains and rivers remain unchanged, but the socioeconomic landscape has completely transformed.
\nHow has Xizang achieved such rapid development despite its harsh natural constraints? It is clear that the founding of the Xizang autonomous region has been the cornerstone of this transformation. The decision of the Chinese central government and the Communist Party of China brought about progress where none seemed possible. Three pivotal strategies underpin this miraculous development:
\nFirst, prioritizing social stability as the bedrock of progress.
\nXizang, though designated as an autonomous region, is home to a mosaic of ethnicities, communities and religious traditions. Even within the Tibetan majority, diverse sects and dialects coexist — some so distinct that mutual comprehension is challenging. Such diversity, while culturally enriching, also carries the potential for discord. Compounding this, external forces have persistently sought to destabilize the region.
\nRecognizing these challenges, the central government has placed social stability at the heart of its governance, employing comprehensive measures to foster harmony. By ensuring that all ethnic groups thrive within the framework of unity, Xizang has become a model of peaceful coexistence.
\nSecond, unleashing economic development as engine of prosperity.
\nSome romanticize Xizang as an unchanging sanctuary, fearing that modernization might erode its spiritual essence. Yet economic advancement does not desecrate the past. Rather it elevates the future. By alleviating the scourge of poverty, development has eradicated many historical injustices borne of deprivation.
\nGiven Xizang's ecological fragility and limited resources, conventional development models were untenable. That's why the central government adopted an innovative, multi-pronged approach. One, direct fiscal support from Beijing, supplemented by paired assistance from the country's most prosperous provinces and municipalities, provides resources to Xizang. Two, the strategic scaling of indigenous industries ensures that Xizang's unique commodities reach global markets. And three, sustainable eco-tourism balances growth with environmental stewardship.
\nThird, reviving Tibetan culture and heritage.
\nFar from being diluted by the changes in the socioeconomic landscape, Tibetan culture has flourished alongside economic progress. Ancient monasteries and temples have been meticulously restored. The freedom of religious belief is fully protected, and Tibetan Buddhism is well-preserved and passed down there. Thangka painting schools have proliferated, safeguarding this sacred art. The Epic of King Gesar, a literary treasure, has also been systematically preserved.
\nThe Tibetan-language scholarship thrives in academic institutions and traditional Tibetan medicine is being modernized and has gained global recognition.
\nXizang's meteoric rise from an isolated, underdeveloped frontier to a beacon of holistic progress stands as a testament to the visionary establishment of the Xizang autonomous region. Through unwavering commitment to stability, innovation-driven growth and cultural revitalization, the central government has rewritten the destiny of this once-remote land.
\nIt is a narrative not just of transformation, but of triumph against the odds. Indeed, it is a lesson for the world how unity, foresight and resolute governance can change a region and the lives of its people.
\nThe views don't necessarily represent those of China Daily.
\n", - "content": "It is both an honor and a privilege to reflect on a subject of immense historical and contemporary significance — the founding of the Xizang autonomous region and its profound impact on the region's transformation.
\nIn our native lexicon, Xizang has long been revered as the "neighboring realm" or the "land at the frontier". Though geographically distant — with cities like Sakya, Shigatse and Lhasa lying far beyond the Kathmandu Valley — Xizang has always occupied a cherished place in our collective consciousness as a land of mystique and cultural affinity.
\nThe commercial and cultural ties between Kathmandu and Xizang, particularly Lhasa, stretch back over a millennium. Generations of Newar merchants from the Kathmandu Valley sojourned in Lhasa and beyond, bringing back a rich tapestry of stories and experiences to their homeland. These narratives shaped the perceptions of Xizang among the people of Kathmandu, painting it as a land of wonder, spirituality and enduring traditions.
\nAs a young Newar growing up in Kathmandu, my earliest impressions of Xizang and its people were forged through the lyrical cadences of Newar literature and the vivid anecdotes of elders who had traded in Lhasa. To my youthful imagination, Lhasa was an enigmatic city where the divine and the mortal coexisted, shrouded in an aura of sacred mystery.
\nIt was not until 2008, when I first set foot in Lhasa and traversed the vast landscapes of Xizang, that I understood the region's true essence. Since then, I have returned no fewer than five times, each visit deepening my understanding of its remarkable evolution.
\nFor centuries, Xizang's economic progress was hindered by its formidable geography, rugged terrain and delicate ecology. Yet in recent decades the region has undergone a metamorphosis so profound that it bears little resemblance to the Lhasa of my childhood reveries. The mountains and rivers remain unchanged, but the socioeconomic landscape has completely transformed.
\nHow has Xizang achieved such rapid development despite its harsh natural constraints? It is clear that the founding of the Xizang autonomous region has been the cornerstone of this transformation. The decision of the Chinese central government and the Communist Party of China brought about progress where none seemed possible. Three pivotal strategies underpin this miraculous development:
\nFirst, prioritizing social stability as the bedrock of progress.
\nXizang, though designated as an autonomous region, is home to a mosaic of ethnicities, communities and religious traditions. Even within the Tibetan majority, diverse sects and dialects coexist — some so distinct that mutual comprehension is challenging. Such diversity, while culturally enriching, also carries the potential for discord. Compounding this, external forces have persistently sought to destabilize the region.
\nRecognizing these challenges, the central government has placed social stability at the heart of its governance, employing comprehensive measures to foster harmony. By ensuring that all ethnic groups thrive within the framework of unity, Xizang has become a model of peaceful coexistence.
\nSecond, unleashing economic development as engine of prosperity.
\nSome romanticize Xizang as an unchanging sanctuary, fearing that modernization might erode its spiritual essence. Yet economic advancement does not desecrate the past. Rather it elevates the future. By alleviating the scourge of poverty, development has eradicated many historical injustices borne of deprivation.
\nGiven Xizang's ecological fragility and limited resources, conventional development models were untenable. That's why the central government adopted an innovative, multi-pronged approach. One, direct fiscal support from Beijing, supplemented by paired assistance from the country's most prosperous provinces and municipalities, provides resources to Xizang. Two, the strategic scaling of indigenous industries ensures that Xizang's unique commodities reach global markets. And three, sustainable eco-tourism balances growth with environmental stewardship.
\nThird, reviving Tibetan culture and heritage.
\nFar from being diluted by the changes in the socioeconomic landscape, Tibetan culture has flourished alongside economic progress. Ancient monasteries and temples have been meticulously restored. The freedom of religious belief is fully protected, and Tibetan Buddhism is well-preserved and passed down there. Thangka painting schools have proliferated, safeguarding this sacred art. The Epic of King Gesar, a literary treasure, has also been systematically preserved.
\nThe Tibetan-language scholarship thrives in academic institutions and traditional Tibetan medicine is being modernized and has gained global recognition.
\nXizang's meteoric rise from an isolated, underdeveloped frontier to a beacon of holistic progress stands as a testament to the visionary establishment of the Xizang autonomous region. Through unwavering commitment to stability, innovation-driven growth and cultural revitalization, the central government has rewritten the destiny of this once-remote land.
\nIt is a narrative not just of transformation, but of triumph against the odds. Indeed, it is a lesson for the world how unity, foresight and resolute governance can change a region and the lives of its people.
\nThe views don't necessarily represent those of China Daily.
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/20/content_009_68a4eabaed50ccabe1517d03.htm#009VIEWS", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Wed, 20 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "81c96e6a846fea89f59cdb62941a3f53", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "009VIEWS - The great power game behind the Alaska summit", "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/009/20250820_009_03_13.png\")
\nThe talks between US President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin in Alaska on Aug 15, which ended without an agreement on the Russia-Ukraine conflict, can be summarized in three sentences. First, the outcome was not the best, but also not the worst. Second, the result was just barely acceptable. And third, it was exactly as expected.
\nThe Russia-Ukraine conflict has dragged on for more than three years and it is unreasonable to expect that the two leaders would resolve everything in one go. With no deal, the two sides haven't achieved the goal they had set. But the silver lining is that the two leaders have promised to meet again in Moscow, which shows that while the summit produced no breakthrough, it was also not a failure.
\nThe biggest positive is that the two sides are finally talking. To be sure, US-Russia relations have long been rocky, but the two sides have never cut off dialogue completely. Back in June 2021, then US President Joe Biden met Putin in Switzerland. But after the Ukraine crisis, US-Russia ties froze to a near "no-contact" level.
\nAgainst this backdrop, the Alaska summit represents a welcome thaw in the relationship. Dialogue is always better than confrontation. Recently, the US stationed nuclear submarines near Russian waters. The two nuclear superpowers, each capable of destroying the Earth many times over, must never clash. The Cuban missile crisis of 1962 must never be repeated. From that perspective, the Trump-Putin summit is a shot of adrenaline for global security.
\nAt a personal level, the summit was a win-win for both Trump and Putin. Trump gave the meeting a perfect 10, though he hasn't walked away with any tangible gain. However, this diplomatic show is enough for him to portray himself as a winner. Putin won a little more because the summit puts him back on the center stage of world politics, where he is now equal to the US president in stature.
\nThe summit was on the Russia-Ukraine conflict, but it has wider implications. If US-Russia ties ease, Europe may grow more skeptical of the US and possibly push harder for strategic autonomy. And if Trump shifts focus away from Europe and toward China, he might seek closer ties with Russia to advance US interests, potentially complicating global strategic balances. That would make global competition even fiercer.
\nThe world order has changed in recent years. But some countries, especially in the Global South and the developing world, preferred not to side with either camp. Other countries, such as Japan, South Korea and Singapore, remain aligned with the West. Still others, including Belarus and Iran, continue to do business with Russia, something the US frowns upon. India's hopes of balancing between Washington and Moscow have collapsed after Trump slapped tariffs on imports from India in response to its Russian oil purchases.
\nOn the surface, the world is watching to see whether Trump will "betray" Ukraine.
\nThe future of the international order is at stake. Since World War II, sovereignty and territorial integrity have been the global baselines. Big or small, every nation should be equal and the fate of small countries cannot be decided by big powers. Human society doesn't follow the jungle rule of "survival of the fittest" but is guided by rules and principles. The solution should be fair, and not dictated by brute force.
\nThe views don't necessarily represent those of China Daily.
\n", @@ -18902,28 +17296,6 @@ "hash": "3ceb96d96408be22267b32a0a3fd3e04", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "010WORLD - Chinese film recounts fishermen's heroic act in WWII", - "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/010/20250820_010_02_38.png\")
China's Ambassador to the UK Zheng Zeguang (fifth from right), Director for Services and Skills at the UK Department for Business and Trade Rupert Daniels (fifth from left), family descendants of Lisbon Maru POWs, members of the film Dongji Rescue's crew and cast, and other VIP guests pose for a group photo at the premiere in London on Friday.
\nThe European premiere of Dongji Rescue, a Chinese film based on a true story in which Chinese fishermen braved Japanese gunfire to save British prisoners of war during World War II, was held in London on Friday.
\nThe day, Aug 15, marked the 80th anniversary of Japan's announcement of its unconditional surrender, bringing an end to World War II, an event that was marked at commemorations across China.
\nIn the United Kingdom, the day was also observed, as it is each year, as Victory over Japan Day, or VJ Day. It was commemorated with a national ceremony attended by King Charles III and UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer.
\nThe film, which premiered on Friday, tells the story of how, in 1942, the Japanese army seized the cargo vessel Lisbon Maru to use it to transport about 1,800 POWs from Hong Kong to Japan.
\nWhile off the coast near Zhoushan, in East China's Zhejiang province, the ship was torpedoed by a US submarine because it bore no designation indicating POWs were on board. The US saw it as an enemy vessel.
\nAfter the torpedo strike and as the vessel started to sink, Japanese soldiers on board sealed the holds where POWs were being confined. Some British soldiers managed to break free, nevertheless, and jumped into the sea, only to face a hail of machine-gun fire from their Japanese captors.
\nChinese fishermen from Dongji Island sailed out to try to help and rescued 384 desperate men from the brink of death.
\n"Suddenly … There is a Chinese voice. It said, 'Hello, I save you'," Jack Hughieson, a POW who survived the sinking and gunfire, said in an interview recorded in 2005. "I will never forget this voice."
\nChina's Ambassador to the UK Zheng Zeguang said at the premiere that the Lisbon Maru incident stands as a moving example of China-UK solidarity during the horrors of wartime.
\n"At the darkest hour of World War II, China and the UK fought on different fronts but shared a common mission: to defend humanity against fascism and aggression," he said. "Eighty-three years have passed since the Lisbon Maru incident, and the world has changed, but we should cherish the memory and carry forward the friendship between the people of our two countries.
\n"In this turbulent and fast-changing world, we should join hands to grow the people-to-people exchanges and strengthen our collaboration at the bilateral, regional and global levels."
\nAnthony Jones, a grandson of survivor Thomas Theodore Jones and chairman of the Lisbon Maru Memorial Association, told China Daily he believes the story has been overlooked for too long, and that productions like Dongji Rescue will, hopefully, help bring it out into the open.
\n"Those men, when they came back from World War II, like my grandfather, were told to be silent," he said. "Hopefully, the next generation of myself and the generations to come, we can unveil these stories so that people remember them for many generations to come."
\nJones also recognized that what happened in China during the World Anti-Fascist War has often been "forgotten" in the West.
\nChina was the main theater in the East during the World Anti-Fascist War, resisting against Japanese aggression from 1931 to 1945. China was also a member of the allied forces led by the US, the Soviet Union, and the UK.
\nBritish actor William Franklyn-Miller, who plays one of the soldiers in the movie, said on Chinese social media that the whole world needs to know that Chinese people saved British soldiers.
\nHe told China Daily that his sentiment was sparked by the story alone — the bold actions of the Chinese fishermen.
\n"These innocent fishermen on the island went out of their way and put themselves in danger to save people they had never seen before … Their bravery really shines," he said.
\nAudience members Tyler Chilon and Ben King said they knew little about the Lisbon Maru incident before watching the film, and that seeing the history so powerfully recounted on screen was both deeply moving and especially relevant at a time when the world, once again, is grappling with some prolonged conflicts and wars.
\n"I'm just thankful. I'm thankful for the story, and the people on Dongji Island who saved the British soldiers," said Chilon. "It's important for people to take from this story and apply it to what's happening nowadays."
\nzhengwanyin@mail.chinadailyuk.com
\n", - "content": "China's Ambassador to the UK Zheng Zeguang (fifth from right), Director for Services and Skills at the UK Department for Business and Trade Rupert Daniels (fifth from left), family descendants of Lisbon Maru POWs, members of the film Dongji Rescue's crew and cast, and other VIP guests pose for a group photo at the premiere in London on Friday.
\nThe European premiere of Dongji Rescue, a Chinese film based on a true story in which Chinese fishermen braved Japanese gunfire to save British prisoners of war during World War II, was held in London on Friday.
\nThe day, Aug 15, marked the 80th anniversary of Japan's announcement of its unconditional surrender, bringing an end to World War II, an event that was marked at commemorations across China.
\nIn the United Kingdom, the day was also observed, as it is each year, as Victory over Japan Day, or VJ Day. It was commemorated with a national ceremony attended by King Charles III and UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer.
\nThe film, which premiered on Friday, tells the story of how, in 1942, the Japanese army seized the cargo vessel Lisbon Maru to use it to transport about 1,800 POWs from Hong Kong to Japan.
\nWhile off the coast near Zhoushan, in East China's Zhejiang province, the ship was torpedoed by a US submarine because it bore no designation indicating POWs were on board. The US saw it as an enemy vessel.
\nAfter the torpedo strike and as the vessel started to sink, Japanese soldiers on board sealed the holds where POWs were being confined. Some British soldiers managed to break free, nevertheless, and jumped into the sea, only to face a hail of machine-gun fire from their Japanese captors.
\nChinese fishermen from Dongji Island sailed out to try to help and rescued 384 desperate men from the brink of death.
\n"Suddenly … There is a Chinese voice. It said, 'Hello, I save you'," Jack Hughieson, a POW who survived the sinking and gunfire, said in an interview recorded in 2005. "I will never forget this voice."
\nChina's Ambassador to the UK Zheng Zeguang said at the premiere that the Lisbon Maru incident stands as a moving example of China-UK solidarity during the horrors of wartime.
\n"At the darkest hour of World War II, China and the UK fought on different fronts but shared a common mission: to defend humanity against fascism and aggression," he said. "Eighty-three years have passed since the Lisbon Maru incident, and the world has changed, but we should cherish the memory and carry forward the friendship between the people of our two countries.
\n"In this turbulent and fast-changing world, we should join hands to grow the people-to-people exchanges and strengthen our collaboration at the bilateral, regional and global levels."
\nAnthony Jones, a grandson of survivor Thomas Theodore Jones and chairman of the Lisbon Maru Memorial Association, told China Daily he believes the story has been overlooked for too long, and that productions like Dongji Rescue will, hopefully, help bring it out into the open.
\n"Those men, when they came back from World War II, like my grandfather, were told to be silent," he said. "Hopefully, the next generation of myself and the generations to come, we can unveil these stories so that people remember them for many generations to come."
\nJones also recognized that what happened in China during the World Anti-Fascist War has often been "forgotten" in the West.
\nChina was the main theater in the East during the World Anti-Fascist War, resisting against Japanese aggression from 1931 to 1945. China was also a member of the allied forces led by the US, the Soviet Union, and the UK.
\nBritish actor William Franklyn-Miller, who plays one of the soldiers in the movie, said on Chinese social media that the whole world needs to know that Chinese people saved British soldiers.
\nHe told China Daily that his sentiment was sparked by the story alone — the bold actions of the Chinese fishermen.
\n"These innocent fishermen on the island went out of their way and put themselves in danger to save people they had never seen before … Their bravery really shines," he said.
\nAudience members Tyler Chilon and Ben King said they knew little about the Lisbon Maru incident before watching the film, and that seeing the history so powerfully recounted on screen was both deeply moving and especially relevant at a time when the world, once again, is grappling with some prolonged conflicts and wars.
\n"I'm just thankful. I'm thankful for the story, and the people on Dongji Island who saved the British soldiers," said Chilon. "It's important for people to take from this story and apply it to what's happening nowadays."
\nzhengwanyin@mail.chinadailyuk.com
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/20/content_010_68a4eacbed50ccabe1517d07.htm#010WORLD", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Wed, 20 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "dbbfaa4779d5a6e2e4298cd2a80a5d3f", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "011WORLD - Railway set to boost growth across SE. Asia", "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/011/20250820_011_01_38764.png\")
Liu Hongmei, China's consul general in Khon Kaen, addresses the Conference on Logistics and Tourism Promotion Along the China-Laos-Thailand Railway on Tuesday.
\nNew avenues of cooperation can be forged through improved transportation connectivity, creating economic opportunities for China and Southeast Asia, speakers said at a gathering in Thailand on Tuesday.
\n"Transport connectivity, particularly the railway system, is a strategic economic corridor for boosting economic growth, regional resilience and deepening intercountry integration across the Greater Mekong Subregion," said Suriyan Vichitlekarn, executive director of the Mekong Institute, which was founded by the six subregional countries — Cambodia, China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam.
\nSpeaking at the Conference on Logistics and Tourism Promotion Along the China-Laos-Thailand Railway, held in the northeastern Thai city of Khon Kaen, Suriyan said logistics and tourism, with creative industries, wellness and medical tourism, stand to benefit from this corridor.
\n"Logistics efficiency is a tangible leap forward for cross-border trade facilitation. The railway brings exciting possibilities for revitalizing regional tourism. It catalyzes inclusive economic opportunities, particularly for cultural and community-based tourism," Suriyan said.
\nOrganized by the Mekong Institute, the conference was co-hosted by the Chinese Consulate General in Khon Kaen and the Foreign Affairs Office of China's Yunnan province. More than 300 participants attended, including government officials, scholars and industry representatives from China, Laos, Thailand and other regional countries.
\n"The cooperation practice of the China-Laos-Thailand Railway is a vivid example of mutual benefit and win-win between China and its neighboring countries," said Liu Hongmei, China's consul general in Khon Kaen. "The conference provides a mechanism guarantee for the railway to fully exert its benefits."
\nWith greater logistics efficiency and deeper tourism collaboration ahead, the railway will not only serve as a driver of regional economic growth but also as a bridge bringing people across the region closer, she said.
\nJakkaphon Tangsutthitham, Thai vice-minister of tourism and sports, said the railway is more than just a physical link — it also serves as a strategic gateway connecting China with Southeast Asia. It will be a driving force for the tourism industry that links cultural, natural and creative destinations across the region.
\n"However, infrastructure alone is not enough," he said, emphasizing the need for cross-border coordination. Apart from streamlining border crossings and improving customs and immigration processes, "we should also engage and empower local communities as stakeholders along the railway route to enhance services and create more attractions", he said.
\nJakkaphon reaffirmed the Thai government's commitment to strengthening cooperation with China and neighboring countries in tourism and logistics.
\nThe China-Laos-Thailand Railway, with Thai sections still under construction, will connect Bangkok with Yunnan via Laos, where a high-speed line is already in operation. The project's second phase in Thailand is expected to be operational by 2030.
\nSeamless connectivity
\n"With extension of this railway corridor toward Thailand and beyond, we foresee even greater opportunities for seamless regional connectivity, linking our economies to greater opportunities with countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative," said Daochinda Siharath, managing director of the Lao National Railway Authority.
\nIndustries such as agriculture, trade and tourism will benefit from the improved connectivity, bringing greater experiences for consumers and higher incomes for service providers — a win-win situation for both, Daochinda said.
\n"This also helps to foster cultural exchanges and promote mutual understanding between people," he said. "Together, we can make this corridor one of the most attractive travel routes in Asia."
\nTo accelerate development and cooperation, Suriyan of the Mekong Institute emphasized the need to adopt digital innovation and sustainability practices. "Emphasizing smart logistics systems and digital tools such as innovation, big data and smart tourism platforms can transform operations, enhance traveler experiences and drive efficiency — while maintaining sustainable and resilient growth," he said.
\nyangwanli@chinadaily.com.cn
\n", @@ -18946,28 +17318,6 @@ "hash": "42e9adb624da7d97ca54abe09bff1a69", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "011WORLD - Chinese solar legacy powers Kenya's farming revolution", - "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/011/20250820_011_03_56764.png\")
\nThe well-manicured, lush vegetation at Hassan Yussuf's land in Garissa Township stands in stark contrast with the neighboring area in one of Kenya's arid lands.
\nCompared with the cracked, dry soil left by months without rain, the mix of orchard, fodder and vegetable crops on his 6-hectare farm in Galbet ward — just 7 kilometers from northern Kenya's main town — offers a refreshing oasis under the scorching sun.
\nThrough solar-powered irrigation, the farm on the banks of the River Tana has transformed harsh climatic challenges into an opportunity, boosting food security for the marginalized community.
\n"Garissa is a gold mine for fresh produce — everything I grow flies off the shelves," said Yussuf, an enterprising farmer who cultivates mangoes and papayas, among others.
\nHis secret lies not only in what he grows, but in how he grows it — pairing drip irrigation with mulching and powering the system with solar pumps instead of costly diesel engines, ensuring every drop from Kenya's longest river is put to use.
\nThe farm, once a patch of barren land, now hums with activity. Young men harvesting vegetables for the local market and baling fodder for livestock keepers, as traders flock to the farm to get fresh produce.
\n"This area was known for hunger and relief food queues," he says, smiling as he gestures toward rows of green vegetables. "Now we are capable of producing fresh food even in the dry season."
\nThe solar revolution in Galbet and other regions of Garissa was boosted in 2019 when a 50-megawatt solar power plant — the largest of its kind in East Africa, which Chinese engineers built — was commissioned on the outskirts of Garissa as part of Kenya's broader strategy to diversify its energy sources and advance rural electrification in marginalized areas.
\nOther than addressing the frequent power outages, the operation of the massive grid that mainly feeds into the national electricity network has demonstrated the viability of large-scale solar plants and spurred local farmers to adopt their own panels for irrigation.
\n"When you have the largest solar plant in East Africa right in your backyard, you stop doubting the sun," Yussuf said. "People here saw it could power thousands of homes and decided to power their farms too."
\nThe power plant replaced the expensive and unreliable diesel with clean energy, enough to supply about 70,000 households.
\nWith the support of other development partners and in their own initiatives, farmers across Galbet and neighboring communities have today pieced together their irrigation systems to tap into renewable potential.
\nHowever, with the growing complexity of solar technology and the desire to expand beyond basic pumping, many farmers are now appealing to the government to consider engaging Chinese investors to develop community-scale solar-powered irrigation hubs, offer training, and introduce energy storage solutions to cut postharvest losses and keep the produce fresh for longer.
\nHelping hand
\nYussuf, who is also the founder of Garissa Farmers Network Cooperative, termed it unfortunate that only 10 out of 150 farm groups practice green energy farming.
\n"We have shown we can grow food here. What we need now is technical training, how to maintain larger systems, store power and maybe even sell surplus energy like the big plant does. The Chinese who built the Garissa station could help us take this to the next step," he said.
\nFor Abdul Latiff, despite his farm being just 4 km along the banks of the River Tana, he says he is unable to pump the water from the river to his adjacent 10-hectare piece of land.
\n"It's painful to watch the river flow past while my crops wither," Latiff says. "Without affordable solar pumps or support to tap this water, the land will just remain a desert."
\nMohamed Sheikh Hassan, an agriculture officer of Garissa Township, said less than 5 percent of farmers in his county use solar despite the untapped solar bounty.
\n"There is a huge potential for arid land farming along the areas like Fafi, Balambala, Garissa Township, Lagdera, Masalani and parts of Ijara," he said.
\nThe county has written proposals to international organizations such as the World Food Programme to strengthen their capacity and scale up the utilization of solar farming.
\n"We are also exploring opportunities to work hand in hand with Chinese experts to expand solar farming in Garissa for our farmers to cut reliance on fossil fuels and fully harness this untapped resource," he said.
\nThe withdrawal of the Sustainable, Transformational and Accessible Water Interventions project, funded by the US Agency for International Development, caused a major setback for more than 200 beneficiaries before it could be completed, he said.
\nTo reduce postharvest losses, he said the completion of the Garissa Industrial Park will include cold storage facilities and is expected to enable local farmers to add value to crops such as tomatoes, lemons and rice.
\n"This initiative seeks to transform Garissa's image from a climate-vulnerable county into a hub of innovation in arid land farming — demonstrating that even the desert can bloom," he said.
\nvictor@chinadailyafrica.com
\n", - "content": "\nThe well-manicured, lush vegetation at Hassan Yussuf's land in Garissa Township stands in stark contrast with the neighboring area in one of Kenya's arid lands.
\nCompared with the cracked, dry soil left by months without rain, the mix of orchard, fodder and vegetable crops on his 6-hectare farm in Galbet ward — just 7 kilometers from northern Kenya's main town — offers a refreshing oasis under the scorching sun.
\nThrough solar-powered irrigation, the farm on the banks of the River Tana has transformed harsh climatic challenges into an opportunity, boosting food security for the marginalized community.
\n"Garissa is a gold mine for fresh produce — everything I grow flies off the shelves," said Yussuf, an enterprising farmer who cultivates mangoes and papayas, among others.
\nHis secret lies not only in what he grows, but in how he grows it — pairing drip irrigation with mulching and powering the system with solar pumps instead of costly diesel engines, ensuring every drop from Kenya's longest river is put to use.
\nThe farm, once a patch of barren land, now hums with activity. Young men harvesting vegetables for the local market and baling fodder for livestock keepers, as traders flock to the farm to get fresh produce.
\n"This area was known for hunger and relief food queues," he says, smiling as he gestures toward rows of green vegetables. "Now we are capable of producing fresh food even in the dry season."
\nThe solar revolution in Galbet and other regions of Garissa was boosted in 2019 when a 50-megawatt solar power plant — the largest of its kind in East Africa, which Chinese engineers built — was commissioned on the outskirts of Garissa as part of Kenya's broader strategy to diversify its energy sources and advance rural electrification in marginalized areas.
\nOther than addressing the frequent power outages, the operation of the massive grid that mainly feeds into the national electricity network has demonstrated the viability of large-scale solar plants and spurred local farmers to adopt their own panels for irrigation.
\n"When you have the largest solar plant in East Africa right in your backyard, you stop doubting the sun," Yussuf said. "People here saw it could power thousands of homes and decided to power their farms too."
\nThe power plant replaced the expensive and unreliable diesel with clean energy, enough to supply about 70,000 households.
\nWith the support of other development partners and in their own initiatives, farmers across Galbet and neighboring communities have today pieced together their irrigation systems to tap into renewable potential.
\nHowever, with the growing complexity of solar technology and the desire to expand beyond basic pumping, many farmers are now appealing to the government to consider engaging Chinese investors to develop community-scale solar-powered irrigation hubs, offer training, and introduce energy storage solutions to cut postharvest losses and keep the produce fresh for longer.
\nHelping hand
\nYussuf, who is also the founder of Garissa Farmers Network Cooperative, termed it unfortunate that only 10 out of 150 farm groups practice green energy farming.
\n"We have shown we can grow food here. What we need now is technical training, how to maintain larger systems, store power and maybe even sell surplus energy like the big plant does. The Chinese who built the Garissa station could help us take this to the next step," he said.
\nFor Abdul Latiff, despite his farm being just 4 km along the banks of the River Tana, he says he is unable to pump the water from the river to his adjacent 10-hectare piece of land.
\n"It's painful to watch the river flow past while my crops wither," Latiff says. "Without affordable solar pumps or support to tap this water, the land will just remain a desert."
\nMohamed Sheikh Hassan, an agriculture officer of Garissa Township, said less than 5 percent of farmers in his county use solar despite the untapped solar bounty.
\n"There is a huge potential for arid land farming along the areas like Fafi, Balambala, Garissa Township, Lagdera, Masalani and parts of Ijara," he said.
\nThe county has written proposals to international organizations such as the World Food Programme to strengthen their capacity and scale up the utilization of solar farming.
\n"We are also exploring opportunities to work hand in hand with Chinese experts to expand solar farming in Garissa for our farmers to cut reliance on fossil fuels and fully harness this untapped resource," he said.
\nThe withdrawal of the Sustainable, Transformational and Accessible Water Interventions project, funded by the US Agency for International Development, caused a major setback for more than 200 beneficiaries before it could be completed, he said.
\nTo reduce postharvest losses, he said the completion of the Garissa Industrial Park will include cold storage facilities and is expected to enable local farmers to add value to crops such as tomatoes, lemons and rice.
\n"This initiative seeks to transform Garissa's image from a climate-vulnerable county into a hub of innovation in arid land farming — demonstrating that even the desert can bloom," he said.
\nvictor@chinadailyafrica.com
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/20/content_011_68a4eadced50ccabe1517d0b.htm#011WORLD", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Wed, 20 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "ea0ab5ce240f190cc30182d06a3f957f", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "011WORLD - Displaced Syrians struggle to rebuild lives amid debris", "description": "HAMA, Syria — In the flattened village of al-Hawash in Syria's central Hama Province, 40-year-old Fouad Ali swings a pick into the rubble where his home once stood.
\nBeside him, his six children gather smaller stones, clearing space for a canvas tent erected on top of the debris. Their hands grow dusty and their faces smear with sweat as they try to impose order on ruins that stretch across the horizon.
\nAlthough they returned four months ago, life amid the wreckage demands daily labor: cleaning, clearing and struggling in the hope of one day restoring their home.
\nAl-Hawash, once a modest farming community, has become a graveyard of broken concrete and twisted rebar. Where children once played in courtyards, they now balance on the shattered remains of collapsed roofs.
\n"We returned to the village and found it completely destroyed," said Marwan Shehadeh Atiyeh, 48, a father of four.
\n"We have absolutely no services, no water, no healthcare, no schools, nothing at all. And there is no authority that has provided us with support in any way. As you can see, the village is destroyed and without services whatsoever."
\nAli said people face obstacles at every turn, from clearing rubble to securing clean water.
\nThe most pressing concern is the absence of schools. Parents watch their children play on piles of debris, knowing the new school year is only weeks away and there are no classrooms.
\nHumanitarian agencies say al-Hawash is not unique. Across Syria, returning families are settling in areas with little to no infrastructure, driven by the pull of home despite dire conditions.
\n"In eight months, 2.3 million Syrians have decided to go back home," said Celine Schmitt, spokeswoman for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees' Syria office, referring to the figure since the fall of the former regime in December.
\n"Despite the challenges, despite the material hardships, they have hope for a better future. They want to be back home," she said.
\nIn al-Hawash, life resumes tent by tent. Children carry plastic jugs to fetch water, weaving between jagged slabs of concrete. Families stack stones into rough walls to create a sense of privacy where roofs once stood.
\nStanding amid the ruins of his home, Atiyeh gazed at the tent behind him, his voice tinged with disappointment. "We came back because this is our home. But we cannot rebuild it alone."
\n", @@ -18990,28 +17340,6 @@ "hash": "0b058471073023ac2076e5568d0b0b34", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "012WORLD - Knee-deep troubles", - "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/012/20250820_012_02_24977.png\")
Waterlogging was seen in Mumbai, India, due to heavy rainfall on Monday. Incessant rains continued to batter India's financial hub and its nearby areas on Tuesday, even as over 250 flights were either delayed or canceled, trains ran late, and vehicular traffic was affected amid intense waterlogging on roads.
\n", - "content": "Waterlogging was seen in Mumbai, India, due to heavy rainfall on Monday. Incessant rains continued to batter India's financial hub and its nearby areas on Tuesday, even as over 250 flights were either delayed or canceled, trains ran late, and vehicular traffic was affected amid intense waterlogging on roads.
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/20/content_012_68a4eaeded50ccabe1517d0f.htm#012WORLD", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Wed, 20 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "1462145a29134a5a7e32f4620a587997", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "012WORLD - Brazil challenges legitimacy of Washington investigation", "description": "BRASILIA/SAO PAULO — Brazil submitted its formal response to a US trade investigation on Monday, rejecting the allegations while challenging the legitimacy of the probe itself.
\nWhile calling for "constructive dialogue", the Brazilian government stated that it does not recognize Washington's authority to launch the unilateral investigation.
\nThe probe, initiated in July under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, aims to determine whether Brazil's policies on digital trade and tariffs are "unreasonable or discriminatory and burden or restrict" US commerce, according to US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer.
\nThis action adds to growing friction between the two countries, including 50 percent tariffs imposed by the administration of US President Donald Trump on imports of Brazilian goods and US sanctions targeting a Brazilian Supreme Court justice.
\nIn its 91-page response, Brazil refuted US arguments concerning its trade practices, including its ethanol market and the popular digital payment system, Pix. The government argued that Brazil's acts, policies and practices are not unreasonable, discriminatory or burdensome to US commerce.
\nBrasilia also objected to the investigation taking place outside the legal framework of the World Trade Organization. The government has already requested consultations at the WTO over the US tariffs.
\nThe office of the USTR did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
\n"Brazil reiterates its long-standing position that Section 301 is a unilateral instrument inconsistent with the principles and rules of the multilateral trading system," Latin America's largest economy said.
\nIn another development, Brazil's Supreme Court ruled on Monday that foreign legislation did not have jurisdiction in its country, after the United States used a law to sanction a judge on the court.
\nWashington used the Magnitsky Act to impose restrictions on Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Moraes, who is presiding over the trial of former president Jair Bolsonaro.
\n"Judge Flavio Dino, of the Federal Supreme Court, suspended the effectiveness of judicial decisions, laws, decrees, and executive orders of foreign nations in our country," Brazil's high court said in a statement.
\nAccording to the Constitution of Brazil, foreign court decisions "can only be enforced in Brazil upon approval or in compliance with international judicial cooperation mechanisms," the court said.
\n"No foreign court can invalidate United States sanctions, or spare anyone from the steep consequences of violating them," the US government's Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs said in a statement after the ruling.
\n", @@ -19034,28 +17362,6 @@ "hash": "0e5fc62f22e6fbc7a6001c56acf151eb", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "012WORLD - Briefly", - "description": "BANGLADESH
\nRoad accidents claimed over 400 lives in July
\nA total of 418 people were killed and 856 others injured in 443 road accidents in Bangladesh in July, a report said on Tuesday. According to a report by the Road Safety Foundation, an NGO, the deceased included 72 women and 53 children. The report said 109 people died in 131 motorcycle accidents. There were also four waterway accidents, where six people were killed.
\nUNITED STATES
\nUtah shooting leaves 2 police officers dead
\nTwo police officers were killed and another was injured in a shooting in the US state of Utah on Sunday night, local media reported on Monday. Officers from the Tremonton Garland Police Department responded to an apparent case of domestic violence in the city of Tremonton, after someone called 911 multiple times and hung up, the neighboring Brigham City Police Department said on Monday in a news release, according to local media. A man came out with a firearm and shot the first officer, killing him. A second officer, responding to help the first one, was also struck and killed by the man's gunfire, according to reports.
\nDisplacement by AI worrying workers: Poll
\nUS people are deeply concerned over the prospect that advances in artificial intelligence could put swathes of the country out of work permanently, according to a new Reuters/Ipsos poll. The sixday poll, which concluded on Monday, showed 71 percent of respondents said they were concerned that AI will be "putting too many people out of work permanently". The new technology burst into the national conversation in late 2022 when OpenAI's ChatGPT chatbot launched and became the fastest-growing application of all time, with tech heavyweights like Facebook owner Meta Platforms, Google owner Alphabet and Microsoft offering their own AI products. Some 77 percent of respondents to the poll said they were worried the technology could be used to stir up political chaos, a sign of unease over the now-common use of AI technology to create realistic videos of imaginary events. More than half of US citizens, some 61 percent, said they were concerned about the amount of electricity needed to power the fast-growing technology.
\nUK drops demand for Apple data: Gabbard
\nBritain abandoned its demand that Apple provide so-called backdoor access to any encrypted user data stored in the cloud, US Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard said on Monday. Gabbard indicated London and Washington had resolved their high-stakes dispute over electronic privacy, writing on X that she and President Donald Trump and Vice-President JD Vance spent the "past few months" working with the UK government. The dispute surfaced at the start of the year with a news report that British security officials had issued the US tech giant with a secret order requiring the creation of backdoor access to view fully encrypted material. Apple challenged the order, which raised fears of electronic spying by national security officials.
\nUNITED KINGDOM
\n300-year-old violin to star at music festival
\nOne of the most valuable violins in the world, crafted three centuries ago and once owned by composer Niccolo Paganini, is to be played at a top UK classical music festival. The violin, known as the Carrodus, is one of only around 150 made by Giuseppe Guarneri del Gesu known to have survived down the centuries, and was acquired by a philanthropic group for $20 million in June. It was crafted in 1743 in Cremona, northern Italy, and will be played for the first time as part of the BBC Proms by South Korean violinist Inmo Yang. The violin will be seen on Aug 28 at London's Royal Albert Hall.
\n", - "content": "BANGLADESH
\nRoad accidents claimed over 400 lives in July
\nA total of 418 people were killed and 856 others injured in 443 road accidents in Bangladesh in July, a report said on Tuesday. According to a report by the Road Safety Foundation, an NGO, the deceased included 72 women and 53 children. The report said 109 people died in 131 motorcycle accidents. There were also four waterway accidents, where six people were killed.
\nUNITED STATES
\nUtah shooting leaves 2 police officers dead
\nTwo police officers were killed and another was injured in a shooting in the US state of Utah on Sunday night, local media reported on Monday. Officers from the Tremonton Garland Police Department responded to an apparent case of domestic violence in the city of Tremonton, after someone called 911 multiple times and hung up, the neighboring Brigham City Police Department said on Monday in a news release, according to local media. A man came out with a firearm and shot the first officer, killing him. A second officer, responding to help the first one, was also struck and killed by the man's gunfire, according to reports.
\nDisplacement by AI worrying workers: Poll
\nUS people are deeply concerned over the prospect that advances in artificial intelligence could put swathes of the country out of work permanently, according to a new Reuters/Ipsos poll. The sixday poll, which concluded on Monday, showed 71 percent of respondents said they were concerned that AI will be "putting too many people out of work permanently". The new technology burst into the national conversation in late 2022 when OpenAI's ChatGPT chatbot launched and became the fastest-growing application of all time, with tech heavyweights like Facebook owner Meta Platforms, Google owner Alphabet and Microsoft offering their own AI products. Some 77 percent of respondents to the poll said they were worried the technology could be used to stir up political chaos, a sign of unease over the now-common use of AI technology to create realistic videos of imaginary events. More than half of US citizens, some 61 percent, said they were concerned about the amount of electricity needed to power the fast-growing technology.
\nUK drops demand for Apple data: Gabbard
\nBritain abandoned its demand that Apple provide so-called backdoor access to any encrypted user data stored in the cloud, US Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard said on Monday. Gabbard indicated London and Washington had resolved their high-stakes dispute over electronic privacy, writing on X that she and President Donald Trump and Vice-President JD Vance spent the "past few months" working with the UK government. The dispute surfaced at the start of the year with a news report that British security officials had issued the US tech giant with a secret order requiring the creation of backdoor access to view fully encrypted material. Apple challenged the order, which raised fears of electronic spying by national security officials.
\nUNITED KINGDOM
\n300-year-old violin to star at music festival
\nOne of the most valuable violins in the world, crafted three centuries ago and once owned by composer Niccolo Paganini, is to be played at a top UK classical music festival. The violin, known as the Carrodus, is one of only around 150 made by Giuseppe Guarneri del Gesu known to have survived down the centuries, and was acquired by a philanthropic group for $20 million in June. It was crafted in 1743 in Cremona, northern Italy, and will be played for the first time as part of the BBC Proms by South Korean violinist Inmo Yang. The violin will be seen on Aug 28 at London's Royal Albert Hall.
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/20/content_012_68a4eafeed50ccabe1517d13.htm#012WORLD", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Wed, 20 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "b2f27d25ecdbe89db7e13948e02a4150", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "013BUSINESS - Loans boost development in Global South", "description": "China has consistently provided much-needed loans to other nations across the Global South, based on their development priorities and repayment capacity, analysts said, citing recent research that counters claims portraying the country as a primary driver of so-called "debt traps" in lower-income countries.
\nThrough concessional financing aimed at supporting infrastructure and industrialization, China has helped bridge investment gaps in developing economies, bringing tangible long-term benefits to local communities, they added.
\nA report released last week by the United Kingdom-based organization Debt Justice found that lower-income countries are spending three times more on debt repayments to private lenders than to Chinese institutions.
\nUsing data from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, the report revealed that between 2020 and 2025, only 13 percent of external debt payments by lower-income countries will go to Chinese lenders — compared to 39 percent to commercial creditors, 34 percent to multilateral institutions and 14 percent to other governments.
\n"Commercial high-interest lenders are receiving the greatest debt payments by lower-income countries," said Tim Jones, policy director at Debt Justice.
\n"Where debt payments are too high, all external creditors need to cancel debt, in proportion to the interest rates they charged. Western governments need to ensure that private lenders take part in debt cancellation," he added.
\nDespite this, media narratives in some Western outlets continue to cast China as the dominant creditor in the developing world. However, experts argue these claims are misleading and reflect geopolitical biases rather than economic realities.
\nHussein Askary, vice-chairman of the Belt and Road Institute in Sweden, said that it is true that many nations, especially developing countries, are in dire need of infrastructure to release their economic growth potential and sustain it.
\n"Nations are tired of aid programs that have continued for decades without any tangible results in their attempts to eliminate poverty and achieve prosperity," he said. "It's imperative to continue the Chinese method of low-interest and long-term loans no matter what the opponents say."
\nChina's development financing continues to gain traction.
\nIn July, China Development Bank issued the first tranche of a 180 million yuan ($25 million) loan to Kazakhstan's state-owned railway company to support the purchase of 200 locomotives from Chinese manufacturer CRRC Corporation Ltd.
\nAccording to the bank, the first batch of locomotives is already in operation, significantly enhancing Kazakhstan's rail capacity and supporting the construction of the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route, a major Eurasian logistics corridor.
\nYe Hailin, dean of the China-Africa Institute at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said Chinese financial institutions and companies fully respect the sovereignty and development goals of partner countries when engaging in investment and financing cooperation.
\n"Crucially, China has never attached any political conditions to its support," Ye said. "This has diminished the leverage previously held by Western-dominated creditors able to command high interest rates."
\nChina has also taken steps to reduce debt burdens for the least developed nations. Last year, Beijing pledged to waive all interest-free government loans due by the end of 2024 for African countries with diplomatic ties to China.
\n"These baseless allegations are nothing more than a desperate attempt to undermine the trust and goodwill that China has built with other Global South nations over the years, and also expose the inability of certain Western powers to keep up with the evolving dynamics," Ye said.
\nwangkeju@chinadaily.com.cn
\n", @@ -19078,28 +17384,6 @@ "hash": "0d9e83aabe697085c2981fd373f47a1c", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "013BUSINESS - Briefly", - "description": "China logs steady railway freight growth
\nChina saw steady railway freight growth in the first seven months, with more efficient network operation and improved services, the national railway operator said on Monday. The national railway system transported an accumulated volume of over 2.33 billion metric tons of cargo in the period, marking a year-on-year increase of 3.3 percent, said China State Railway Group. The daily average number of loaded freight cars reached 183,300, up 4.1 percent from the same period last year.
\nXizang to further shore up livelihoods
\nSouthwest China's Xizang autonomous region will allocate an additional 2 billion yuan ($280.4 million) to launch 10 new livelihood initiatives, the regional government has said. These supplementary initiatives — focusing on income augmentation, childcare support, elderly care services, and healthcare improvements — will complement the region's existing 14.8 billion yuan allocation for 28 ongoing welfare projects throughout 2025.
\nChina logs steady railway freight growth
\nChina saw steady railway freight growth in the first seven months, with more efficient network operation and improved services, the national railway operator said on Monday. The national railway system transported an accumulated volume of over 2.33 billion metric tons of cargo in the period, marking a year-on-year increase of 3.3 percent, said China State Railway Group. The daily average number of loaded freight cars reached 183,300, up 4.1 percent from the same period last year.
\nXizang to further shore up livelihoods
\nSouthwest China's Xizang autonomous region will allocate an additional 2 billion yuan ($280.4 million) to launch 10 new livelihood initiatives, the regional government has said. These supplementary initiatives — focusing on income augmentation, childcare support, elderly care services, and healthcare improvements — will complement the region's existing 14.8 billion yuan allocation for 28 ongoing welfare projects throughout 2025.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/013/20250820_013_05_10063.png\")
Li Hongquan
\nSwedish technology company Hexagon will continue to step up investment in China and seize the immense opportunities presented by the country's sharpened focus on bolstering digital transformation and industrial innovation, said a senior executive of the company.
\nThe company has complete research and development, manufacturing and supply chain systems in the Chinese market, said Li Hongquan, vice-president of Hexagon global and president of Hexagon China, adding that the country is the company's biggest single market, with revenue accounting for about 20 percent of its global total.
\nAs a leading global provider of information technology solutions, the company has contributed to China's industrialization and the high-quality development of its manufacturing sector, while integrating sensors, digital twin and virtual simulation technologies with artificial intelligence, Li said.
\nAccording to Li, the company will build an intelligent industrial park covering the R&D of humanoid robots, AI and manufacturing in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, with construction expected to begin in the third quarter of this year.
\nIt will invest more in localized R&D, accelerate the localization of high-end measurement equipment and industrial software in China and provide tailor-made solutions in accordance with the demands of Chinese clients.
\nAccording to him, China's emphasis on the development of new quality productive forces and digital transformation, as well as technological revolution brought about by AI and the pursuit of green and sustainable development offer the company many new opportunities.
\nLi said that currently the company serves more than 40,000 Chinese enterprises in fields such as aerospace, shipbuilding and high-end equipment. It has established an intelligent manufacturing research institute and five R&D centers nationwide, and invested heavily in the R&D of innovative technologies.
\nChina is at the global forefront of manufacturing, new electric vehicles and humanoid robots, with a solid manufacturing foundation and well-educated engineers, Li said, adding he is bullish on the prospects of the growth potential from the Chinese market.
\nHexagon has launched its first humanoid robot, which could be applied into a wide range of industrial scenarios, such as automotive, aerospace, transportation, warehousing and logistics.
\n"China boasts the world's most complete industrial chain and is the largest application market, which is crucial for the development and implementation of humanoid robots." Li said the company will increase inputs in the humanoid robots field and seek more cooperation opportunities with local partners.
\nChina ranked as the world's largest manufacturer for the 15th consecutive year in 2024, and its manufacturing output accounted for about 30 percent of the global total, according to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
\nZhou Mi, a senior researcher at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, said that China has not only lowered the threshold for foreign investment, but also introduced favorable policies for key industries as well as R&D and innovation, in order to guide and support foreign capital to flow into the high-tech sector.
\nChinese enterprises could learn advanced technologies and management experience from their foreign counterparts and improve innovation capacity and competitiveness, thereby injecting impetus into economic transformation and upgrading, Zhou said, adding that the increase in foreign investment in China's high-tech industry will yield positive returns for both sides.
\nA total of 30,014 foreign-invested enterprises were newly established in the Chinese mainland in the first six months this year, representing a year-on-year growth of 11.7 percent, according to the Ministry of Commerce.
\nThe actual use of foreign direct investment in high-tech sectors reached 127.87 billion yuan ($17.8 billion), with FDI in the aerospace equipment manufacturing sector and medical instrument manufacturing sector growing by 36.2 percent and 17.7 percent, respectively.
\n"Foreign enterprises have been, and will hopefully remain, a key contributor to the Chinese industrial modernization drive," said Denis Depoux, global managing director at management consultancy Roland Berger.
\nChina is committed to further opening up its services sector. Along with this transformation, there are plenty of opportunities for international collaboration, investment and joint development, he added.
\nfanfeifei@chinadaily.com.cn
\n", @@ -19122,28 +17406,6 @@ "hash": "77a8ca171bda7f80ba9e8a736f1eba4d", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "014BUSINESS - Resilient economy key to stable RMB", - "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/014/20250820_014_01_49687.png\")
\nThe Chinese yuan has strengthened steadily against the US dollar this year, with the offshore yuan gaining over 2 percent year-to-date.
\nEconomists attribute the increase to both external and domestic drivers. Globally, the US economy has been weighed down by high interest rates and trade policy uncertainties, weakening the dollar index. Meanwhile, domestically, China's resilient economic fundamentals, continued policy support, and more flexible exchange rate management have bolstered the renminbi.
\nAs of 4:30 pm on Tuesday, the offshore yuan, according to Wind Info, stood at 7.1857 per US dollar, up more than 2 percent since the start of the year.
\nWen Bin, chief economist at China Minsheng Bank, said, "Washington's new tax cuts and spending law, coupled with a downgrade of US sovereign credit rating, have heightened concerns over the sustainability of US fiscal policy, lending support to the yuan's appreciation against the dollar."
\nAt home, China has continued to roll out countercyclical, growth-stabilizing measures. With relatively steady economic data, advances in technological innovation and industrial upgrading, steps to curb "involution-style" competition that help stabilize prices, and recovering risk appetite in financial markets have all provided a firmer footing for the currency, Wen said.
\nDuan Chao, chief macro analyst at Industrial Securities, said China's economy has shown notable resilience this year. Despite tariff-related headwinds from the United States, exports grew 7.2 percent year-on-year in the first half. He argued that China's commitment to high-quality development helps counter external uncertainties and contributes stability to global growth — a foundation for a stable yuan that is likely to persist.
\nDuan added that China's economic resilience has kept the yuan steadier than the dollar, while policies introduced after US President Donald Trump's return to the White House have created major uncertainties, denting confidence in holding US assets over the long term.
\nThe US dollar closed the first half of 2025 with its steepest drop since 1973, as the dollar index, which measures the greenback against a basket of currencies of the US's key trading partners, slid about 11 percent during the first six months.
\nWhile the currency rebounded 3.2 percent in July, recovering part of its losses, Morgan Stanley Research forecast further weakness, warning of an additional 10 percent decline by the end of 2026.
\nThe downturn was fueled by April's tariff announcements and the resulting policy and economic uncertainties, compounded by mounting concerns over growth, inflation and public debt.
\nWith the delayed effects of tariffs on growth and jobs, coupled with ongoing policy risks, downward pressure on the dollar is expected to persist. Foreign investors have also increased hedging on currency exposure to US assets, a move Morgan Stanley said will likely deepen the dollar's slide.
\nIn contrast, during this period, the steady performance of China's economy provided strong support for the yuan exchange rate. Accelerated cross-border capital inflows and increased holdings of yuan assets also boosted the currency, said Wang Youxin, a senior researcher at a research institute backed by Bank of China.
\nChina's central bank released its monetary policy implementation report for the second quarter of 2025 on Friday.
\nThe report reaffirmed the need to pursue a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand with reference to a basket of currencies. It stressed upholding the decisive role of the market in the formation of the exchange rate, enhancing the resilience of the foreign exchange market, stabilizing expectations, firmly correcting pro-cyclical behavior, addressing any conduct that disrupts market order, and guarding against the risk of exchange rate overshooting, so as to keep the yuan exchange rate basically stable at an adaptive and equilibrium level.
\nA research note from China Galaxy Securities pointed out that the central bank's remarks once again sent a policy signal of its commitment to maintaining basic stability in the currency market, helping guide market expectations and providing a proactive response to the potential rise in global financial market uncertainties.
\njiangxueqing@chinadaily.com.cn
\n", - "content": "\nThe Chinese yuan has strengthened steadily against the US dollar this year, with the offshore yuan gaining over 2 percent year-to-date.
\nEconomists attribute the increase to both external and domestic drivers. Globally, the US economy has been weighed down by high interest rates and trade policy uncertainties, weakening the dollar index. Meanwhile, domestically, China's resilient economic fundamentals, continued policy support, and more flexible exchange rate management have bolstered the renminbi.
\nAs of 4:30 pm on Tuesday, the offshore yuan, according to Wind Info, stood at 7.1857 per US dollar, up more than 2 percent since the start of the year.
\nWen Bin, chief economist at China Minsheng Bank, said, "Washington's new tax cuts and spending law, coupled with a downgrade of US sovereign credit rating, have heightened concerns over the sustainability of US fiscal policy, lending support to the yuan's appreciation against the dollar."
\nAt home, China has continued to roll out countercyclical, growth-stabilizing measures. With relatively steady economic data, advances in technological innovation and industrial upgrading, steps to curb "involution-style" competition that help stabilize prices, and recovering risk appetite in financial markets have all provided a firmer footing for the currency, Wen said.
\nDuan Chao, chief macro analyst at Industrial Securities, said China's economy has shown notable resilience this year. Despite tariff-related headwinds from the United States, exports grew 7.2 percent year-on-year in the first half. He argued that China's commitment to high-quality development helps counter external uncertainties and contributes stability to global growth — a foundation for a stable yuan that is likely to persist.
\nDuan added that China's economic resilience has kept the yuan steadier than the dollar, while policies introduced after US President Donald Trump's return to the White House have created major uncertainties, denting confidence in holding US assets over the long term.
\nThe US dollar closed the first half of 2025 with its steepest drop since 1973, as the dollar index, which measures the greenback against a basket of currencies of the US's key trading partners, slid about 11 percent during the first six months.
\nWhile the currency rebounded 3.2 percent in July, recovering part of its losses, Morgan Stanley Research forecast further weakness, warning of an additional 10 percent decline by the end of 2026.
\nThe downturn was fueled by April's tariff announcements and the resulting policy and economic uncertainties, compounded by mounting concerns over growth, inflation and public debt.
\nWith the delayed effects of tariffs on growth and jobs, coupled with ongoing policy risks, downward pressure on the dollar is expected to persist. Foreign investors have also increased hedging on currency exposure to US assets, a move Morgan Stanley said will likely deepen the dollar's slide.
\nIn contrast, during this period, the steady performance of China's economy provided strong support for the yuan exchange rate. Accelerated cross-border capital inflows and increased holdings of yuan assets also boosted the currency, said Wang Youxin, a senior researcher at a research institute backed by Bank of China.
\nChina's central bank released its monetary policy implementation report for the second quarter of 2025 on Friday.
\nThe report reaffirmed the need to pursue a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand with reference to a basket of currencies. It stressed upholding the decisive role of the market in the formation of the exchange rate, enhancing the resilience of the foreign exchange market, stabilizing expectations, firmly correcting pro-cyclical behavior, addressing any conduct that disrupts market order, and guarding against the risk of exchange rate overshooting, so as to keep the yuan exchange rate basically stable at an adaptive and equilibrium level.
\nA research note from China Galaxy Securities pointed out that the central bank's remarks once again sent a policy signal of its commitment to maintaining basic stability in the currency market, helping guide market expectations and providing a proactive response to the potential rise in global financial market uncertainties.
\njiangxueqing@chinadaily.com.cn
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/20/content_014_68a4eb20ed50ccabe1517d1b.htm#014BUSINESS", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Wed, 20 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "beaa30113cb47bce1199b52ad440970a", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "014BUSINESS - AI integration, innovative add-ons brighten smart glasses outlook", "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/014/20250820_014_03_23687.png\")
Visitors gather at a company's booth during a smart glasses expo in Shanghai on July 28.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/014/20250820_014_03_51687.png\")
\nChina's smart glasses market is believed to be experiencing a breakout this year, driven by rapid adoption of artificial intelligence-powered devices and surging consumer interest, said industry experts.
\nHangzhou, Zhejiang province-based smart eyewear manufacturer Rokid announced earlier last month that the company's star product, Rokid Glasses, has already sold 300,000 units. "Sales are no longer a concern this year — our primary focus is now on ramping up production," said Zhu Mingming, founder and CEO of the company.
\nYang Kexiao, head of innovative hardware at Shenzhen, Guangdong province-based smart glasses producer Rayneo, also noted a strong uptick in first-half product shipments. First-time buyers accounted for 81 percent of purchases, while the company also saw a 314 percent year-on-year increase in monthly active users, Yang said.
\nElsewhere, according to activation data from tech heavyweight Xiaomi, its newly launched AI glasses, released in late June, had surpassed 30,000 active users by July 2.
\nData from market consultancy IDC revealed that 494,000 smart glasses units were shipped in China during the first quarter of 2025, a 116.1 percent year-on-year increase.
\nGlobally, IDC forecasts that smart glasses shipments will reach 14.52 million units this year, up 42.5 percent year-on-year. The Chinese market alone is expected to account for 2.91 million units, up 121.1 percent year-on-year.
\nAs a major emerging sub-sector, AI glasses now dominate the smart glasses market, with shipments of AI-powered models surging to 78 percent of total sales in the first half — a sharp rise from just 46 percent a year earlier and from 66 percent in the latter half of 2024, according to data from research company Counterpoint.
\n"The most significant highlight of the smart glasses industry's development this year lies in the deep integration of large AI models and AR (augmented reality) technology," said Wang Liansheng, an expert at the China Electronics Standardization Association, in an earlier interview with Securities Daily.
\nWang added that the next two years will be a critical period for the commercialization of smart glasses, where ecosystem development capabilities will be a key factor determining whether companies can achieve scalable growth.
\nA research note from Founder Securities also pointed out that the combination of lightweight design and multimodal interaction capabilities is making AI glasses an ideal form factor for AI integration.
\n"This momentum, coupled with advancements in lens technologies, is driving simultaneous growth in both sales volume and product pricing," it said.
\nOn the AI front, major players are incorporating proprietary large language models into their devices.
\nFor example, Xiaomi AI Glasses feature an in-house XiaoAi assistant; Huawei's Eyewear 2 is powered by its LLM Pangu; while Rayneo's X3 Pro has partnered with Alibaba's Qwen for a custom multimodal AI solution.
\nOthers are leveraging a combination of major LLMs. Rokid Glasses currently integrate multiple models, such as Qwen, DeepSeek, Doubao and ChatGLM. And Skyworth's first full-scenario AI smart glasses similarly support several mainstream models such as DeepSeek, Doubao and Qwen.
\nEnabled by AI integration, the growing sophistication in voice and image recognition is creating richer human-machine interaction for smart glasses, said Ye Qingqing, an analyst at IDC China.
\n"Going forward, AI-powered smart glasses are expected to unlock more practical and cost-effective applications," Ye said. "For the AI ecosystem, these glasses represent a highly efficient hardware endpoint, and both industries will mutually reinforce each other's growth."
\nlijiaying@chinadaily.com.cn
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/015/20250820_015_01_23170.png\")
Visitors attend the 22nd China Digital Entertainment Expo & Conference, or ChinaJoy, in Shanghai on Aug 2.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/015/20250820_015_01_38170.png\")
Visitors play games developed by Blizzard at ChinaJoy in Shanghai on Aug 3.
\nChinese electronic games are continuously thriving in global markets, and are increasingly becoming carriers of culture to promote cross-cultural understanding and exchanges as a new universal language, said industry experts during the recent 22nd China Digital Entertainment Expo & Conference, better known as ChinaJoy, in Shanghai.
\nBy the end of June, China had a record 679 million gamers. In the first half, actual sales revenue of the domestic game market totaled 168 billion yuan ($23.3 billion), up 14.08 percent year-on-year, according to a report released on July 31 by Zhang Yijun, first vice-chairman of the China Audio-Video and Digital Publishing Association.
\nOverseas sales of Chinese games exceeded $9.5 billion in the first half, growing 11.07 percent year-on-year. The United States, Japan and South Korea continued to be the main overseas markets for Chinese games, accounting for 55.63 percent of total sales. European nations such as Germany, the United Kingdom and France are becoming emerging destinations for more Chinese games, said the report.
\nFrom a global perspective, China continued to hold the position as the world's largest game exporter in the first half, ranking first with a share of 32.6 percent of global total, according to a report released by mobile analytics firm AppsFlyer.
\nOver the past five years, Chinese games have entered the markets of more than 100 countries and regions around the world. In particular, games such as Honor of Kings and Genshin Impact have accumulated hundreds of millions of users globally, said Ao Ran, executive vice-chairman of the China Audio-Video and Digital Publishing Association.
\n"China's gaming industry has shown a positive trend toward high-quality and sustainable development in recent years, since a large number of Chinese enterprises are collaboratively creating world-class innovative video games within the global supply chain. Notably, the fine traditional Chinese culture is becoming the unique source of innovation and a differentiating advantage for Chinese games," said Richard Yu, vice-president and editor-in-chief at Tencent Interactive Entertainment Group.
\nThe hit title Black Myth: Wukong, an action role-playing video game rooted in Chinese mythology, is a prime example of the worldwide appeal of Chinese video games with a strong cultural identity. Industry experts agree that games are rapidly developing beyond products for entertainment, and becoming a new cultural form integrating with advanced technologies and an important carrier of Chinese cultural aspects that keep expanding globally.
\nYu pointed out that more Chinese game producers are ramping up efforts to make high-quality original games that draw both domestic and international players. Instead of simply putting cultural elements together, they explore deep into Chinese cultural connotations and strive to interpret them in innovative, globalized and modern ways.
\n"As a composite cultural carrier that integrates various art forms such as literature, music, film and fine arts, games naturally possess the potential to promote cross-cultural understanding and boast the advantage of crossing cultural boundaries. Their interactivity turns the players into 'interpreters' of different cultures," Yu added.
\nNot only Chinese producers, but also foreign companies are eyeing opportunities in the global collaboration and cultural integration with games as a bond. Representatives of over 200 companies from nations such as Japan, South Korea, the UK, France and Finland gathered for potential partnerships at the China International Game Developers Conference, which was held on July 31 as part of this year's ChinaJoy.
\n"There were barely no really successful Chinese console and PC games 10 years ago, but recently we have seen game studios and producers instilling Chinese culture to create something different. China has a wonderful historical culture and that's part of the creativity. In France, we are very much into culture in general, and Chinese culture is no exception — it is something that resonates a lot with us," said Yves Blehaut, senior vice-president of strategic partnerships at Microids, a French video game publisher and developer.
\nSony Interactive Entertainment (Shanghai) Ltd and its PlayStation gaming platform are also actively looking to contribute to China's console game ecosystems. Following the success of Black Myth: Wukong on its platform, the company is expecting to cultivate more local game developers in China and better connect the nation's gaming industry and culture with the world. In 2016, the company established the "China Hero Project" to support Chinese console game developers, connect with global counterparts, and help them grow globally with games featuring Chinese culture.
\n"China has the world's most game users and is one of the most critical and potential markets for PlayStation. We have noticed very early the potential and passion of Chinese game developers. Collaborating with over 400 Chinese game developers and publishers, we aim to introduce good Chinese games to the world," said Tatsuo Eguchi, chairman and president of Sony Interactive Entertainment, at the conference.
\nTo better navigate Chinese game developers in overseas markets, the Research and Service Center for Game Globalization was inaugurated in Shanghai at the conference. It aims to provide one-stop services such as overseas market analysis, compliance guidance, financial services, legal protection and copyright protection.
\nMoreover, a first batch of guidelines targeting the Japanese, South Korean, British and French markets were also released at the event to support Chinese games' global expansion, comprehensively covering sectors including policies, regulations, market environment, culture, customs and user preferences. More guidelines on other countries in regions such as North America, Europe, Southeast Asia and the Middle East will also be released this and next year.
\n"The globalization of games ultimately involves a two-way cultural exchange. Games themselves are self-contained digital worlds where different cultures meet and spark inspiration. So while publishing Chinese games overseas, we also help introduce global cultures into China," said Yu of Tencent Interactive Entertainment.
\n"We obviously see more foreign friends and international participation at ChinaJoy this year. With games building a globalized platform, we expect to enhance exchanges, reduce barriers and accelerate integration, which will carry us all farther," he added.
\nRunning from Aug 1 to 4, this year's ChinaJoy attracted over 790 business exhibitors from 37 countries and regions including the US, Canada, UK, Germany, Japan and South Korea.
\nwangxin2@chinadaily.com.cn
\nVisitors attend the 22nd China Digital Entertainment Expo & Conference, or ChinaJoy, in Shanghai on Aug 2.
\nVisitors play games developed by Blizzard at ChinaJoy in Shanghai on Aug 3.
\nChinese electronic games are continuously thriving in global markets, and are increasingly becoming carriers of culture to promote cross-cultural understanding and exchanges as a new universal language, said industry experts during the recent 22nd China Digital Entertainment Expo & Conference, better known as ChinaJoy, in Shanghai.
\nBy the end of June, China had a record 679 million gamers. In the first half, actual sales revenue of the domestic game market totaled 168 billion yuan ($23.3 billion), up 14.08 percent year-on-year, according to a report released on July 31 by Zhang Yijun, first vice-chairman of the China Audio-Video and Digital Publishing Association.
\nOverseas sales of Chinese games exceeded $9.5 billion in the first half, growing 11.07 percent year-on-year. The United States, Japan and South Korea continued to be the main overseas markets for Chinese games, accounting for 55.63 percent of total sales. European nations such as Germany, the United Kingdom and France are becoming emerging destinations for more Chinese games, said the report.
\nFrom a global perspective, China continued to hold the position as the world's largest game exporter in the first half, ranking first with a share of 32.6 percent of global total, according to a report released by mobile analytics firm AppsFlyer.
\nOver the past five years, Chinese games have entered the markets of more than 100 countries and regions around the world. In particular, games such as Honor of Kings and Genshin Impact have accumulated hundreds of millions of users globally, said Ao Ran, executive vice-chairman of the China Audio-Video and Digital Publishing Association.
\n"China's gaming industry has shown a positive trend toward high-quality and sustainable development in recent years, since a large number of Chinese enterprises are collaboratively creating world-class innovative video games within the global supply chain. Notably, the fine traditional Chinese culture is becoming the unique source of innovation and a differentiating advantage for Chinese games," said Richard Yu, vice-president and editor-in-chief at Tencent Interactive Entertainment Group.
\nThe hit title Black Myth: Wukong, an action role-playing video game rooted in Chinese mythology, is a prime example of the worldwide appeal of Chinese video games with a strong cultural identity. Industry experts agree that games are rapidly developing beyond products for entertainment, and becoming a new cultural form integrating with advanced technologies and an important carrier of Chinese cultural aspects that keep expanding globally.
\nYu pointed out that more Chinese game producers are ramping up efforts to make high-quality original games that draw both domestic and international players. Instead of simply putting cultural elements together, they explore deep into Chinese cultural connotations and strive to interpret them in innovative, globalized and modern ways.
\n"As a composite cultural carrier that integrates various art forms such as literature, music, film and fine arts, games naturally possess the potential to promote cross-cultural understanding and boast the advantage of crossing cultural boundaries. Their interactivity turns the players into 'interpreters' of different cultures," Yu added.
\nNot only Chinese producers, but also foreign companies are eyeing opportunities in the global collaboration and cultural integration with games as a bond. Representatives of over 200 companies from nations such as Japan, South Korea, the UK, France and Finland gathered for potential partnerships at the China International Game Developers Conference, which was held on July 31 as part of this year's ChinaJoy.
\n"There were barely no really successful Chinese console and PC games 10 years ago, but recently we have seen game studios and producers instilling Chinese culture to create something different. China has a wonderful historical culture and that's part of the creativity. In France, we are very much into culture in general, and Chinese culture is no exception — it is something that resonates a lot with us," said Yves Blehaut, senior vice-president of strategic partnerships at Microids, a French video game publisher and developer.
\nSony Interactive Entertainment (Shanghai) Ltd and its PlayStation gaming platform are also actively looking to contribute to China's console game ecosystems. Following the success of Black Myth: Wukong on its platform, the company is expecting to cultivate more local game developers in China and better connect the nation's gaming industry and culture with the world. In 2016, the company established the "China Hero Project" to support Chinese console game developers, connect with global counterparts, and help them grow globally with games featuring Chinese culture.
\n"China has the world's most game users and is one of the most critical and potential markets for PlayStation. We have noticed very early the potential and passion of Chinese game developers. Collaborating with over 400 Chinese game developers and publishers, we aim to introduce good Chinese games to the world," said Tatsuo Eguchi, chairman and president of Sony Interactive Entertainment, at the conference.
\nTo better navigate Chinese game developers in overseas markets, the Research and Service Center for Game Globalization was inaugurated in Shanghai at the conference. It aims to provide one-stop services such as overseas market analysis, compliance guidance, financial services, legal protection and copyright protection.
\nMoreover, a first batch of guidelines targeting the Japanese, South Korean, British and French markets were also released at the event to support Chinese games' global expansion, comprehensively covering sectors including policies, regulations, market environment, culture, customs and user preferences. More guidelines on other countries in regions such as North America, Europe, Southeast Asia and the Middle East will also be released this and next year.
\n"The globalization of games ultimately involves a two-way cultural exchange. Games themselves are self-contained digital worlds where different cultures meet and spark inspiration. So while publishing Chinese games overseas, we also help introduce global cultures into China," said Yu of Tencent Interactive Entertainment.
\n"We obviously see more foreign friends and international participation at ChinaJoy this year. With games building a globalized platform, we expect to enhance exchanges, reduce barriers and accelerate integration, which will carry us all farther," he added.
\nRunning from Aug 1 to 4, this year's ChinaJoy attracted over 790 business exhibitors from 37 countries and regions including the US, Canada, UK, Germany, Japan and South Korea.
\nwangxin2@chinadaily.com.cn
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/019/20250820_019_01_16266.png\")
Lukas Nmecha celebrates scoring Leeds' winning goal against Everton during an English Premier League match at Elland Road in Leeds, England, on Monday.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/019/20250820_019_01_24266.png\")
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/019/20250820_019_01_64266.png\")
\nJack Grealish was unable to inspire Everton, making his club debut in the second-half of a 1-0 loss to newly promoted Leeds in the Premier League on Monday.
\nThe England forward, once a poster boy of English soccer, is looking to reignite his career after leaving Manchester City on loan, but had to be content with a place on the bench for Everton's opening game.
\nGrealish entered in the 71st minute when the score was 0-0 at Elland Road and struggled to make an impact, before Leeds was awarded a penalty when Everton captain James Tarkowski blocked a goal-bound shot with his left arm as he leaned his body toward the ball.
\nLukas Nmecha, a summer signing only on the field for six minutes as a substitute, stroked the spotkick past Everton goalkeeper Jordan Pickford with just his third touch of the ball for the only goal in the 84th.
\nPickford prepared for the penalty by referring to his water bottle, where he usually has the names of potential opposition penalty-takers, and where they might place their attempt, on a piece of paper taped to the side.
\n"That was a bit of a bluff, to be fair," said Nmecha, a German-born winger who joined on a free transfer from Wolfsburg. "I don't think I was one of the names on there."
\nEverton manager David Moyes was unhappy at the awarding of the penalty, saying "it wasn't fair", because Tarkowski's arm wasn't in an unnatural position.
\n"Tarky would have had to get his arm chopped off," Moyes said.
\n"It wasn't outside his body, he wasn't doing anything different."
\nThe match appeared to be meandering towards a stalemate until Tarkowski was harshly adjudged to have handled Anton Stach's driven shot.
\n"It's not a penalty," said an aggrieved Tarkowski.
\n"I was pretty convinced it was going to get overturned (by VAR).
\n"A bizarre moment and it cost us the point in the end."
\nEverton, which failed to register a shot on goal in the first half, will hope for a better performance on Sunday, when the team hosts Brighton for the first competitive game in its new, 53,000-seat waterfront stadium at Bramley-Moore Dock, which has replaced Goodison Park as Everton's home.
\nEverton handed a debut to Manchester City loanee Grealish in the second half, but the Toffees were left to rue its toothless showing in the opening 45 minutes.
\nLeeds was making its return to the Premier League after a two-year absence, and was the second promoted team to win in the opening round, after Sunderland.
\nThe Yorkshire club is aiming to buck the trend of the past two seasons that have seen all three promoted clubs relegated.
\nLeeds boss Daniel Farke has also struggled previously with the step up to the English top-flight during two attempts as Norwich manager.
\nBut, after Sunderland beat West Ham 3-0 on Saturday, two of the three promoted sides have won on the opening weekend for only the third time in the Premier League era.
\nLeeds stormed to promotion by winning the Championship title with 100 points last season, and Farke's men started their latest foray into the English top flight in confident fashion.
\nThe home side was dominant in the opening half with 12 shots on goal, but only once made Pickford work, forcing the England goalkeeper into a block from a Joel Piroe shot.
\nGrealish's introduction coincided with Everton's best spell of the game.
\nLucas Perri, one of Leeds' eight summer signings, made an impressive save at his near post to turn behind a powerful Carlos Alcaraz strike before Jake O'Brien headed the resulting corner over.
\nJust as Leeds looked like it might have to hold on for a point, it was gifted the chance for a perfect start with all three.
\nThere was little Tarkowski could do, as his left arm was down by his side when it blocked Stach's effort.
\nNmecha stayed calm amid the furore, with the German international finding the bottom corner.
\n"For a newly promoted side, it (Elland Road) has to become a fortress," said Farke.
\n"It's great to see the joy and the pride in their (the fans) eyes. It's great to give the supporters, who are so emotional and care so much about their club, something to cheer."
\nTarkowski had a chance to make amends with an equalizer, but he headed over.
\n", @@ -19210,28 +17450,6 @@ "hash": "bf0256144177d44dc43fdcf222306b07", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "019SPORTS - Burrow directs two TD drives as Bengals beat Commanders", - "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/019/20250820_019_03_55266.png\")
Jayden Daniels (left) of the Washington Commanders talks with Joe Burrow of the Cincinnati Bengals after an NFL preseason game at Northwest Stadium on Monday in Landover, Maryland.
\nLANDOVER, Maryland — In a matchup of LSU Heisman Trophy-winning quarterbacks, Jayden Daniels rushed for a 14-yard touchdown in his lone possession, while Joe Burrow directed two touchdown drives in the Cincinnati Bengals'31-17 win over the Washington Commanders on Monday night.
\nBurrow played three possessions, completing nine of 14 passes for 62 yards. The 2020 Heisman winner found wide receiver Charlie Jones for a four-yard touchdown reception on his final toss. Running back Chase Brown's one-yard touchdown on fourth-and-goal capped a 58-yard drive on the opening possession at Northwest Stadium.
\nThe Bengals (1-1) planned on using their starters longer in preseason games to hopefully avoid a string of poor regular-season starts. Over the two games with Burrow playing at quarterback, Cincinnati has scored touchdowns on four of five possessions.
\n"Those are just incredibly valuable reps. Usually, you work out those kinks in the first couple of weeks in the regular season, and we've worked them out the last two weeks," Burrow said.
\nHead coach Zac Taylor had his share of nitpicks, as all coaches do, but said he likes "where this offense and this team is at right now, at this point".
\nIn Daniels' likely only preseason appearance, Washington (0-2) drove 74 yards on four plays to tie the score 7-7. Following runs of 19 and 40 yards by Deebo Samuel and Chris Rodriguez, respectively, Daniels evaded pass rushers and suspect tackling for a 14-yard dash up the middle. The reigning Offensive Rookie of the Year and 2023 Heisman recipient did not attempt a pass, nor a slide on the touchdown despite running into traffic.
\n"I'm playing football. I know everybody puts an emphasis on the preseason, but it's a game to me," Daniels said.
\nWashington head coach Dan Quinn would prefer his star quarterback to, at times, choose caution in those spots, "but it is part of his game. It's what makes him a special player".
\nConsidering the Commanders played without three offensive line starters, two starting receivers, and tight end Zach Ertz, limiting Daniels' exposure to hits and a slick field courtesy of pregame rain was probably the proper call. Terry McLaurin, a 2024 second-team All-Pro wide receiver, remains a non-participant amid a contract dispute.
\nRookie running back Jacory Croskey-Merritt raced for a 27-yard touchdown on Washington's second possession and finished with 46 yards on 11 carries. The seventh-round pick became a training camp sensation for the Commanders, and his scoring scamper won't dampen any enthusiasm. Rodriguez increased his chances for a rotation spot by rushing for a team-high 62 yards on six carries.
\nMatt Gay's 27-yard field goal accounted for Washington's second-half scoring. Cincinnati kicker Evan McPherson drilled a 54-yard field goal with 3:06 remaining.
\nReceiving notice
\nBengals roster hopeful Mitchell Tinsley made two impressive touchdown catches — both from quarterback Jake Browning — in a span of 20 seconds late in the first half. Following linebacker Barrett Carter's interception, the wide receiver's leaping, toe-tapping reception with 14 seconds remaining gave Cincinnati a 28-14 halftime lead.
\nRobinson removed
\nCommanders RB Brian Robinson did not dress for Monday's game, nor was he at Northwest Stadium amid recent reports of Washington seeking to trade the four-year veteran. Quinn said that he and general manager Adam Peters informed Robinson of their decision to sit him out on Sunday afternoon. Quinn declined to share Robinson's reaction. "News like that is not always that easy," the coach said.
\nRobinson rushed for 799 yards and eight touchdowns last season, but the emergence of Croskey-Merritt has the Commanders reconsidering their backfield options.
\n", - "content": "Jayden Daniels (left) of the Washington Commanders talks with Joe Burrow of the Cincinnati Bengals after an NFL preseason game at Northwest Stadium on Monday in Landover, Maryland.
\nLANDOVER, Maryland — In a matchup of LSU Heisman Trophy-winning quarterbacks, Jayden Daniels rushed for a 14-yard touchdown in his lone possession, while Joe Burrow directed two touchdown drives in the Cincinnati Bengals'31-17 win over the Washington Commanders on Monday night.
\nBurrow played three possessions, completing nine of 14 passes for 62 yards. The 2020 Heisman winner found wide receiver Charlie Jones for a four-yard touchdown reception on his final toss. Running back Chase Brown's one-yard touchdown on fourth-and-goal capped a 58-yard drive on the opening possession at Northwest Stadium.
\nThe Bengals (1-1) planned on using their starters longer in preseason games to hopefully avoid a string of poor regular-season starts. Over the two games with Burrow playing at quarterback, Cincinnati has scored touchdowns on four of five possessions.
\n"Those are just incredibly valuable reps. Usually, you work out those kinks in the first couple of weeks in the regular season, and we've worked them out the last two weeks," Burrow said.
\nHead coach Zac Taylor had his share of nitpicks, as all coaches do, but said he likes "where this offense and this team is at right now, at this point".
\nIn Daniels' likely only preseason appearance, Washington (0-2) drove 74 yards on four plays to tie the score 7-7. Following runs of 19 and 40 yards by Deebo Samuel and Chris Rodriguez, respectively, Daniels evaded pass rushers and suspect tackling for a 14-yard dash up the middle. The reigning Offensive Rookie of the Year and 2023 Heisman recipient did not attempt a pass, nor a slide on the touchdown despite running into traffic.
\n"I'm playing football. I know everybody puts an emphasis on the preseason, but it's a game to me," Daniels said.
\nWashington head coach Dan Quinn would prefer his star quarterback to, at times, choose caution in those spots, "but it is part of his game. It's what makes him a special player".
\nConsidering the Commanders played without three offensive line starters, two starting receivers, and tight end Zach Ertz, limiting Daniels' exposure to hits and a slick field courtesy of pregame rain was probably the proper call. Terry McLaurin, a 2024 second-team All-Pro wide receiver, remains a non-participant amid a contract dispute.
\nRookie running back Jacory Croskey-Merritt raced for a 27-yard touchdown on Washington's second possession and finished with 46 yards on 11 carries. The seventh-round pick became a training camp sensation for the Commanders, and his scoring scamper won't dampen any enthusiasm. Rodriguez increased his chances for a rotation spot by rushing for a team-high 62 yards on six carries.
\nMatt Gay's 27-yard field goal accounted for Washington's second-half scoring. Cincinnati kicker Evan McPherson drilled a 54-yard field goal with 3:06 remaining.
\nReceiving notice
\nBengals roster hopeful Mitchell Tinsley made two impressive touchdown catches — both from quarterback Jake Browning — in a span of 20 seconds late in the first half. Following linebacker Barrett Carter's interception, the wide receiver's leaping, toe-tapping reception with 14 seconds remaining gave Cincinnati a 28-14 halftime lead.
\nRobinson removed
\nCommanders RB Brian Robinson did not dress for Monday's game, nor was he at Northwest Stadium amid recent reports of Washington seeking to trade the four-year veteran. Quinn said that he and general manager Adam Peters informed Robinson of their decision to sit him out on Sunday afternoon. Quinn declined to share Robinson's reaction. "News like that is not always that easy," the coach said.
\nRobinson rushed for 799 yards and eight touchdowns last season, but the emergence of Croskey-Merritt has the Commanders reconsidering their backfield options.
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/20/content_019_68a4eb57ed50ccabe1517d28.htm#019SPORTS", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Wed, 20 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "f448b628bf4f26c741b5da4cf54caf1a", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "020SPORTS - Sinner retires sick, handing Cincy title to Alcaraz", "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/020/20250820_020_02_15678.png\")
Jannik Sinner (left) talks with Carlos Alcaraz after retiring from the final match of the Cincinnati Open at the Lindner Family Tennis Center in Cincinnati, Ohio, on Monday.
\nCINCINNATI — Carlos Alcaraz won the ATP Cincinnati Open title on Monday after defending champion Jannik Sinner retired due to illness in the first set.
\nWorld No 1 Sinner came into the final feeling unwell and lost the first seven points of the match, before throwing in the towel at 5-0 down in a game played in 30 C heat.
\nSinner will now focus on recovery with the US Open starting on Sunday. The Italian is due to take part in the US Open's revamped mixed doubles on Tuesday, but his participation in that draw is now in serious doubt.
\n"I'm disappointed, I didn't feel great from yesterday," Sinner said afterwards. "During the night, I thought I would recover a bit better, but it was not the case.
\n"I just tried to go out for the fans, trying to give (them) a match — that's the reason why I went on the court.
\n"But, it was not meant to be for me today. I don't want to take anything away from Carlos. He had a great week, great, great tournament again."
\nSinner said he is now pointing to the final Grand Slam of the season.
\n"The main focus, obviously, is for the US Open. Recovery is the most important. And then we see," he said.
\nDespite the temporary health setback, Sinner is pleased with his showings in 2025.
\n"I feel like it's an incredible season," he said.
\n"We'll keep going, keep pushing. I have some points to improve if I want to go far in US Open.
\n"It was a good test this week, trying to understand where my level is."
\nSinner lasted just 22 minutes, calling for the doctor after losing the fifth game and shortly after going to shake hands with Alcaraz.
\nEyes on New York
\nIt was the second match in a row Alcaraz had won over an ailing opponent, following his win over Alexander Zverev in the semifinals.
\nAlcaraz won his 22nd career title as he claimed his 17th victory in a row at the Masters 1000 level.
\nHe now leads Sinner 9-5 and lost to the Italian in their last match, the Wimbledon final last month.
\n"Obviously it's not the way that I wanted to win the final," the Spaniard said.
\n"First of all, I just want to wish Jannik a speedy recovery. Hopefully, in a few days he's going to be okay to prepare and practice well for the US Open.
\n"For myself, I'm just really, really happy to be able to leave here with the trophy, since I only just lost that final in 2023 (to Novak Djokovic), I just really, really badly wanted this trophy, so I'm just really proud and happy to be able to lift it."
\nFormer Open winner Alcaraz, who was upset in the US Open second round a year ago, is looking forward to a more respectable showing in New York.
\n"I'm feeling a lot of confidence. New York is a place that I love playing. It is where I got my first Grand Slam.
\n"I appreciate the love and the support that I receive there every year. Last year, the level that I played there, it was disappointing.
\n"So this year, I really want to show my really good tennis, my best tennis, try to go as far as I can and enjoy it as much as I can."
\nSwiatek downs Paolini
\nIga Swiatek captured her first Cincinnati Open title on Monday by beating Jasmine Paolini 7-5, 6-4, with the third-seeded Pole sending a powerful message ahead of the US Open.
\nThe six-time Grand Slam winner did not drop a set on her way to the title and was clinical in the final, converting all six of her break points to clinch her 11th WTA 1000 crown, and a first since last year's Italian Open.
\nShe is now the second all-time winner in WTA 1000 format history, trailing only Serena Williams (23).
\n"I want to thank my team. I don't know why I won tournaments that were like the last ones in terms of where I thought I would be playing well," Swiatek said.
\n"Thank you for forcing me to become a better player and learning how to play on these faster surfaces. I'm shocked and super happy."
\nThe win ensures Wimbledon champion Swiatek will climb back to world No 2, securing the second seed for the final major of the year at Flushing Meadows, where singles action begins on Sunday.
\nSwiatek is also set to team up with Norway's Casper Ruud in the new US Open mixed doubles event.
\n", @@ -19254,28 +17472,6 @@ "hash": "19083627f512858431949244342c7ad3", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "001FRONT - Test scores point to improved English", - "description": "There has been significant improvement in the scores of Chinese taking the Test of English as a Foreign Language and the International English Language Testing System exam over the past decade, a trend experts said reflected genuine advances in overall English proficiency, though persistent challenges remain.
\nAccording to Omar Chihane, general manager at TOEFL, the average TOEFL score of Chinese students rose from 80 to 86 over the past decade, with reading scores consistently exceeding the global average since 2008.
\nFrom 2008 to 2023, the gap between Chinese test-takers' TOEFL writing scores and the global average continued to narrow. In 2023, the average scores for speaking and writing among Chinese examinees were only 0.2 point and 0.1 point below the global average, respectively, he said.
\nAccording to the British Council, one of the major administrators of IELTS, the overall average score of Chinese academic IELTS examinees reached 5.9 during 2023-24, a 0.2-point increase compared with 2018-19. Writing scores surged most notably by 0.4 point, while historically weak speaking skills improved by 0.2 point. Nearly 60 percent of candidates scored 6.0 or higher during 2023-24 — a 12 percent jump from five years earlier.
\nLan Xi, director of studies at New Channel International Education Group, a Beijing-based overseas study consultancy, said the English test scores reflect significant improvement in the actual English language proficiency of Chinese students.
\n"The narrowing score gaps in speaking and writing are the result of moving away from rote test-taking techniques toward holistic language proficiency development," Lan said.
\nDigital learning resources have significantly lowered access thresholds to quality materials, while teaching frameworks now prioritize critical thinking over knowledge transfer, he added.
\nStudent motivation for English learning has evolved from achieving target scores to meeting the practical demands of future overseas study or global workplaces. This has resulted in more proactive engagement in holistic training in all language skills, he said.
\nLan highlighted several concrete improvements: Students now construct thesis-driven arguments in their academic writing instead of relying on templates, analyze authors' evidence during critical reading rather than translating texts word-by-word, and actively engage in classroom debates instead of giving passive responses.
\nShen Zhourong, a teacher at Beijing International Studies University's School of Interpreting and Translation, said that vocabulary expansion has boosted students' foreign journal reading abilities.
\nIn output skills, classroom debates and daily expression show upward trends. However, academic writing continues to be a challenge, Shen said.
\nHe noted that even native Chinese speakers need continuous refinement in Chinese academic writing, adding that English academic writing demands greater logical coherence and lexical precision, leaving many students struggling despite strong speaking competence.
\nWu Peng, dean of the Overseas Education College at Jiangsu University, noted a similar trend. While pointing out "modest upward trends" in domestic English proficiency test scores, he cautioned that high scores do not necessarily reflect commensurate improvement in practical language skills.
\nTo address English speaking and writing deficiencies among students, the school has introduced more practical learning tools, such as English debate competitions and drama performances. It has also incorporated digital resources to provide personalized learning, real-time feedback and one-on-one tutoring.
\nBoth experts confirmed the persistent score-application gap. Shen attributed this to the structural nature of standardized tests, which allow targeted preparation that boosts scores without necessarily improving practical language ability.
\nWu of Jiangsu University said that exam-oriented traditions prioritize scores over communication skills. Students lack authentic practice opportunities and fear making mistakes due to cultural factors favoring passive learning.
\nNevertheless, the phenomenon of "mute English" — students mastering grammar and vocabulary but struggling to speak — is showing signs of easing.
\nShen of BISU attributed the progress to three factors: China's growing international engagement, early exposure to English education and increasing parental emphasis on language learning. Wu pointed to study-abroad programs, international student exchanges and digital platforms facilitating global communication.
\nWu emphasized that sustaining this improvement requires a fundamental mindset shift: Students should view English as a communication tool rather than merely a test subject. Such a shift is critical for China's deepening global integration, he said.
\nzoushuo@chinadaily.com.cn
\nThere has been significant improvement in the scores of Chinese taking the Test of English as a Foreign Language and the International English Language Testing System exam over the past decade, a trend experts said reflected genuine advances in overall English proficiency, though persistent challenges remain.
\nAccording to Omar Chihane, general manager at TOEFL, the average TOEFL score of Chinese students rose from 80 to 86 over the past decade, with reading scores consistently exceeding the global average since 2008.
\nFrom 2008 to 2023, the gap between Chinese test-takers' TOEFL writing scores and the global average continued to narrow. In 2023, the average scores for speaking and writing among Chinese examinees were only 0.2 point and 0.1 point below the global average, respectively, he said.
\nAccording to the British Council, one of the major administrators of IELTS, the overall average score of Chinese academic IELTS examinees reached 5.9 during 2023-24, a 0.2-point increase compared with 2018-19. Writing scores surged most notably by 0.4 point, while historically weak speaking skills improved by 0.2 point. Nearly 60 percent of candidates scored 6.0 or higher during 2023-24 — a 12 percent jump from five years earlier.
\nLan Xi, director of studies at New Channel International Education Group, a Beijing-based overseas study consultancy, said the English test scores reflect significant improvement in the actual English language proficiency of Chinese students.
\n"The narrowing score gaps in speaking and writing are the result of moving away from rote test-taking techniques toward holistic language proficiency development," Lan said.
\nDigital learning resources have significantly lowered access thresholds to quality materials, while teaching frameworks now prioritize critical thinking over knowledge transfer, he added.
\nStudent motivation for English learning has evolved from achieving target scores to meeting the practical demands of future overseas study or global workplaces. This has resulted in more proactive engagement in holistic training in all language skills, he said.
\nLan highlighted several concrete improvements: Students now construct thesis-driven arguments in their academic writing instead of relying on templates, analyze authors' evidence during critical reading rather than translating texts word-by-word, and actively engage in classroom debates instead of giving passive responses.
\nShen Zhourong, a teacher at Beijing International Studies University's School of Interpreting and Translation, said that vocabulary expansion has boosted students' foreign journal reading abilities.
\nIn output skills, classroom debates and daily expression show upward trends. However, academic writing continues to be a challenge, Shen said.
\nHe noted that even native Chinese speakers need continuous refinement in Chinese academic writing, adding that English academic writing demands greater logical coherence and lexical precision, leaving many students struggling despite strong speaking competence.
\nWu Peng, dean of the Overseas Education College at Jiangsu University, noted a similar trend. While pointing out "modest upward trends" in domestic English proficiency test scores, he cautioned that high scores do not necessarily reflect commensurate improvement in practical language skills.
\nTo address English speaking and writing deficiencies among students, the school has introduced more practical learning tools, such as English debate competitions and drama performances. It has also incorporated digital resources to provide personalized learning, real-time feedback and one-on-one tutoring.
\nBoth experts confirmed the persistent score-application gap. Shen attributed this to the structural nature of standardized tests, which allow targeted preparation that boosts scores without necessarily improving practical language ability.
\nWu of Jiangsu University said that exam-oriented traditions prioritize scores over communication skills. Students lack authentic practice opportunities and fear making mistakes due to cultural factors favoring passive learning.
\nNevertheless, the phenomenon of "mute English" — students mastering grammar and vocabulary but struggling to speak — is showing signs of easing.
\nShen of BISU attributed the progress to three factors: China's growing international engagement, early exposure to English education and increasing parental emphasis on language learning. Wu pointed to study-abroad programs, international student exchanges and digital platforms facilitating global communication.
\nWu emphasized that sustaining this improvement requires a fundamental mindset shift: Students should view English as a communication tool rather than merely a test subject. Such a shift is critical for China's deepening global integration, he said.
\nzoushuo@chinadaily.com.cn
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-19/001/20250819_002_01_28652.png\")
Four photos starting left: Scott Phillips and his dogs, Thor and Polly, have garnered over 33,000 followers on RedNote. Right: Chris Thomas' eight cats.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-19/001/20250819_002_01_38652.png\")
Astros, with one of her cats and pet dog, says she hopes people feel joy from looking at her photos from Iceland.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-19/001/20250819_002_01_69652.png\")
Chris Thomas holds his furry friends.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-19/001/20250819_002_01_72652.png\")
\nChris Thomas was close to despair when a pregnant stray cat sneaked into his backyard in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and rekindled his faith in people and his sense of self-worth.
\nHis special relationship with Frances, the cat, was shared on Chinese social media platform RedNote and other platforms, and struck a chord with animal lovers around the world, including tens of thousands in China.
\nNow a dad to eight cats and a three-legged dog, Thomas, who has gained over 172,000 likes and saves on RedNote, said he was reborn amid the "genuine care "shown by many Chinese netizens.
\nHis journey started a few years ago during a COVID-19 quarantine when a feral cat slipped through a gap in the fence of his home. Thomas was struggling with mental health issues, and spent most of his days in bed.
\nThe cat crept in early in the mornings, and Thomas fed her every day without fail. "She gave me a reason to get out of bed," Thomas said. "She kept coming back, always when I needed her most."
\nHe began to win the animal's trust and named her Frances. Thomas started livestreaming their meetings, called "Coffee and Cats with Frances the Stray", on American social network Reddit. The daily ritual of the quiet man and a streetwise cat made the newspapers and went viral online.
\nOne morning Frances showed up injured, and Thomas decided to take her inside. He laid a trail of salmon that led into the house and gently closed the door behind her. Inside, Frances darted into the basement and curled up on a blanket. Hours later she gave birth to a litter of kittens, which Thomas livestreamed to over half a million people. Viewers wept, donated money, and helped name the kittens.
\n"The whole experience cracked me open," said Thomas. "I was depressed and isolated, and suddenly, there was this tiny life that relied completely on me… I thought maybe she was an angel in disguise sent to save me. But now I think she might have been sent to save even more."
\nThomas adopted Frances and her kittens. Over the next few years, he saved two more cats and a three-legged dog Freya. He later launched a nonprofit organization to support animal care.
\nCuriosity cured the cat
\nHe continues to share his story with Chinese netizens on RedNote. Thomas said he joined the Chinese platform out of curiosity, drawn by its reputation as a space for quiet storytelling, and not viral trends involving "chasing views or shouting to be heard". RedNote is an online community that "feels more human", he said, adding that he never expected to find a sense of belonging on a Chinese social media platform.
\nPeople ask questions, remember names, and share their pet stories, with interactions translated back and forth.
\n"There was kindness. People were curious, respectful. It didn't feel like I had to perform. I could just be myself," said Thomas.
\n"And then I just became absolutely fascinated with Chinese culture and how America had it all wrong for so long. Now I honestly think I want to move me and my fur babies there."
\nAs responses came in from users around the world — many of whom had never owned a pet or thought about strays — Thomas realized his content was not just about cats anymore.
\n"It's about what they represent: survival, healing, family, whatever that means to you," he said.
\nHis experience on RedNote was proof small moments can resonate across borders, he said.
\n"One act of kindness can change everything, and sometimes that big thing you're looking for might come in a small package," said Thomas. "So, keep your eyes open for your hole in the fence — that's what I always like to say now."
\nChinese fascination
\nA US woman known on RedNote as "StressedBigJess" understands Thomas' reaction to Chinese social media.
\n"The RedNote community is very friendly. Most of the time on American apps, the vibes are rancid," she said. "I like RedNote because there are a lot less ads, and people are extremely kind and wholesome."
\nHer first post on RedNote was about paying her "cat tax" by posting cat photos and videos to gain permission as a foreigner to join the app. Jess shared a photo of her cat Tino and Cardamom, a British Shorthair, a cat breed she later learned is rare in the United States but extremely common in China.
\nOne comment from a Chinese user moved her. The person had recently lost their own British Shorthair and said Jess' photo reminded them of their late pet. "It made me want to treasure mine even more," Jess said.
\nThrough pet content, she learned that "Chinese cats are very round, while American cats are very pointy".Small-sized pets are popular in China, in part due to apartment living, she found out through exchanges.
\nThese everyday glimpses sparked her curiosity about China. Although immigration restrictions make living in China unlikely for her, Jess now dreams of visiting one day — especially cities like Beijing and Chongqing, a place she envisions as a maze she'd love to explore.
\nJess is fascinated by space-maximized apartments, bright lofts with large windows, and clever interior designs posted on RedNote, which are unlike anything she's seen in the US. She adores many aspects of the Chinese lifestyle, including three-wheel cars and the prevalence of vegetable gardens.
\nRedNote not only connected her to animal lovers across the world, but awakened a genuine interest in Chinese culture and its landscapes. By posting her own life as an average American, she hopes to return the favor — offering others the same kind of candid view she loved discovering in their posts.
\n"I think people can bond easily over pets. It's human nature to care for cute little animals. Anytime I want to bond with someone I don't know, I bring up my cats and it always works," she said. "I hope one day the world can bond together over pets instead of having conflicts."
\nPuppy love
\nMaia, a high school student from a small town in Tigre, Argentina, became attracted to Chinese culture after she began sharing stories on her dog Uma.
\nWhat began as simple pet updates on RedNote gradually blossomed into a deeper cultural exchange.
\nHer loyal German shepherd meets her at the door every day after school. For Maia, the dog is an emotional anchor and a source of calm during moments of teenage uncertainty. "She changed the darkness inside of me to happiness," Maia said.
\nHowever, she did not expect to connect with "so many kind and supportive Chinese users". RedNote quickly became a space where she could share her life journey and feelings as part of a big community. She is often surprised by the "warm, thoughtful responses" she gets from Chinese users.
\n"We often talk about cultural differences, pets, school life, and food. l love it when people ask about Argentina, and l enjoy learning about their lives in return," said Maia. "These exchanges feel like a window into each other's world."
\nShe said she loves the elegance and beauty of traditional Chinese culture, especially the language and music. "I'm also fascinated by Chinese fashion. I love your traditional clothing and lifestyle," she said.
\nIn her posts, she has scribbled the RedNote logo in Chinese across her arm with a marker and showcased her multilingual skills by switching easily between Spanish, Chinese, English, and Portuguese. Maia has introduced Chinese users to the flavors of Argentine biscuits and the breathtaking scenery of her homeland. She has shared Spanish pop songs, inviting others into her world.
\nIn the comments section, people of different nationalities, ages, and family backgrounds exchange stories and different perspectives on life.
\n"Pets, food, and music are universal," Maia said. "When we share these parts of life sincerely, we discover how similar we are, and real friendships can grow from that into amazing relationships."
\nDigital sanctuaries
\nMaia and Thomas are not outliers. RedNote has helped people from around the world find common interests.
\nScott Phillips from US state of Washington is the owner of two dogs, Thor and Polly. In just six months on RedNote he has gained over 33,000 followers.
\nEvery morning, Phillips dresses Thor in a tie and posts a photo with the hashtag "#DTOTD" (Dog Tie of The Day), paralleling the "#OOTD" (Outfit of The Day) social media trend. Polly, less cooperative, is usually shown chasing socks birthing the hashtag"#SockOfTheDay".
\nWhile most US users left the platform after the easing of the threat to ban TikTok in the US, Phillips stayed.
\nHowever, RedNote isn't Phillips' first social media foray. He tried other platforms but had few responses.
\n"I put the same pictures on Facebook and only my mother commented," he joked.
\nPhillips sees pets as an opportunity to take aspects of daily life to a broader audience. With a newborn on the way this November, he was imagining how his online scrapbook might grow. He dreams about launching a "#Baby Tie of the Day "hashtag to match Thor's daily fashion updates, though he suspects his wife may have the final say.
\n"I think pets are a common thread across cultures. My dogs are cute and people see it as a commonality," said Phillips, "I gain popularity from showing the dogs, then take advantage of that to show common things about my country."
\nBreaking the ice
\nAstros, originally from China, was adopted by an Icelandic couple in 2004. She has been on RedNote for years and joined when few people outside of China knew about the app.
\nHowever, she lacked the courage to post anything until the "TikTok refugee" phenomenon in January 2025.
\nShe witnessed "a spike in foreigners" swarming to the RedNote community, which encouraged her to post. She chose her two cats, Ezekiel and Lucifer, as the icebreakers. One of her posts gained 50,000 views and 8,000 likes.
\nShe joked her post had a couple of very "bad" pictures of her cat, which quickly "blew up".
\nForeign followers had a strong interest in all things about China, she discovered. "I have seen a lot of foreigners seeking validation from others and asking Chinese people questions like 'am I beautiful in China?' 'do I look handsome in China?'" she said.
\nAstros now fills her RedNote feed with fragments of her life — the soft purring of her cat curled on a gray couch, skeins of yarn in her lap as she knits alone in a cafe, or golden sunsets spilling through the glass doors of her parents' home.
\nShe said she hopes people feel joy from looking at her photos from Iceland. She said she tries to show "a very authentic and relaxed way" of life in her country.
\nAstros has always lived between the cultures of two countries. Her Chinese appearance speaks of one heritage while her language, habits and outlook reflect another.
\nFor years, she has wrestled with the feeling that she wasn't fully either — not quite Icelandic in the eyes of some, and never Chinese enough to claim that part of herself.
\nBut as she grew older, she stopped trying to resolve that tension. Through RedNote, she began sharing honestly, not just about her pets and hobbies, but about the beauty of existing between two cultures.
\n"I think the best thing to do is just reach out. Don't be afraid to post your hobbies and passions," said Astros. "There is always someone who shares the same interests as you."
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-19/004/20250819_004_02_74214.png\")
A villager, wearing an outfit with local flair and carrying agricultural products with a pole, struts on the runway at a village fashion show held in a strawberry greenhouse in Yangcunqiao town in Jiande, Zhejiang province, on Saturday.
\n", - "content": "A villager, wearing an outfit with local flair and carrying agricultural products with a pole, struts on the runway at a village fashion show held in a strawberry greenhouse in Yangcunqiao town in Jiande, Zhejiang province, on Saturday.
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/19/content_004_68a39111ed50ccabe1517ba8.htm#004CHINA", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "804f4b37cdce1af93915438effc8dd57", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "004CHINA - Museums, heritage sites see surge in visitors during summer holiday", "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-19/004/20250819_004_04_113214.png\")
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-19/004/20250819_004_04_57214.png\")
Parents and children explore an artifact at an exhibition at the Qingzhou Museum in Weifang, Shandong province, on Sunday during the summer vacation.
\nStanding in the exhibition hall of the Taosi Site Museum in Shanxi province, tourist Zhu Yongxin listened in awe as the presenter spoke.
\n"It is amazing how our ancestors who lived 4,000 years before us already mastered exquisite crafting techniques, and even built grand cities like this," said Zhu, appreciating the exhibits.
\nOpened in November 2024, the museum sits on the northwestern edge of the Taosi relics site, the result of over four decades of archaeological work. The site is believed to be the remains of the capital city from the era of Yao and Shun, two Chinese sage emperors who ruled more than 4,100 years ago.
\nLike Zhu, many Chinese who chose to spend a few days traveling this summer have opted to visit museums and historical sites, seeking both leisure and knowledge.
\nIn Liaoning province, the Liaoning Provincial Museum is also seeing a surge in the number of visitors.
\nSun Linhao, a 14-year-old middle school student from Beijing, visited the museum with parents.
\n"This is my second visit to the museum," Sun said. "This time I want to see the picture of the auspicious cranes, a painting by Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty (960-1279)."
\nAccording to Dong Baohou, deputy curator of the museum, it has recorded an average of 20,000 visitors daily in recent weeks. To accommodate this surge of interest, the museum extended its opening hours.
\nThe Xixia Imperial Tombs in the Ningxia Hui autonomous region saw ticket bookings increase by 280 percent during this year's summer vacation compared with the same period last year.
\nIn July, the tombs were inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List, significantly enhancing their appeal to tourists.
\nMuseums and cultural heritage venues have been rolling out a plethora of activities to improve visitors' experiences. The Shanghai Museum's exhibition, On Top of the Pyramid: The Civilization of Ancient Egypt, was open around the clock from Aug 11 to 17. This 168-hour cultural carnival also featured new book releases, Egyptian dance performances and interactive games.
\nThis year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. In this context, visiting museums, historical sites and revolutionary landmarks commemorating this hard-won victory has taken on special significance.
\nAt a memorial hall in Shanxi, people visit exhibits featuring items such as a soldier's journal or a rusted rifle, which were relics from the Hundred-Regiment Campaign, a major operation during China's war of resistance against Japanese aggression to which the hall is dedicated.
\nAccording to local statistics, on July 12 and 13, the memorial hall received more than 10,000 visits. The Shanghai Songhu Memorial Hall for the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression saw similar numbers.
\nMany visitors came to learn about the history and pay tribute to the martyrs who fell resisting aggression. Li Jiaxin, a 15-year-old from Shandong province, said he was shocked to learn how young some of the martyrs had been when they died.
\n"They were more or less my age, but were willing to give their lives to save the country. They were such noble people," Li added.
\nVisiting the memorial hall has special importance, one visitor said, noting that this piece of history must be passed down through generations.
\n", @@ -19342,28 +17516,6 @@ "hash": "ee9de7f9fc6bb855f52beed1bfd4c34a", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "004CHINA - Improved lithium battery unveiled", - "description": "Scientists at Tianjin University have developed a high-energy lithium metal battery with an energy density two to three times greater than that of existing lithium-ion batteries, according to findings published in the journal Nature recently.
\nThe breakthrough was achieved by redesigning the battery's electrolyte to improve the movement of lithium ions. With batteries of the same weight, the range of electric vehicles is expected to multiply.
\nThe findings are a significant step in meeting the urgent demand in fields such as electric transportation and the low-altitude economy for high-energy, long-duration rechargeable batteries.
\nEnergy density, the amount of energy that can be stored per mass, is a core performance indicator for batteries.
\n"For a long time, scientists have hoped to increase the energy density of batteries while ensuring maximum safety, enabling batteries to store more electricity with lighter weight and smaller volume," said Hu Wenbin, a professor at the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Tianjin University and leader of the research team.
\nDevelopers have faced challenges in improving the performance of traditional lithium batteries, Hu said. The electrolyte of traditional lithium batteries is generally composed of a single salt and a few solvents, forming a point-like structure. That structure limits the migration capability of lithium ions, resulting in imbalances in the electrolyte and restricting the battery's energy storage and cycling performance.
\nTo address the problem, the team designed an ultra-dispersed electrolyte, or UDE, after years of research.
\n"Compared with the relatively single composition of traditional electrolytes, this electrolyte integrates multiple solvents and salts, significantly enhancing the disordered solvation micro-environment. It creates a face-like microscopic environment, effectively reducing the kinetic barriers to lithium-ion movement," Hu said.
\nThe new electrolyte design optimizes performance and achieves internationally recognized high energy density targets, Hu added. Pouch cell energy density exceeds 600 watt-hours-per-kilogram, and battery pack energy density exceeds 480 Wh/kg.
\nBy comparison, United States electric car manufacturer Tesla's 4680 battery has an energy density of about 300 Wh/kg, and Chinese electric vehicle company BYD's Blade Battery is around 150 Wh/kg.
\n"This lays an important foundation for the future application of lithium metal batteries," Hu said.
\nThe team also discovered that within the dispersed microscopic environment formed by the UDE, a solid electrolyte interphase, or SEI, develops inside the battery.
\n"This robust and stable interface enables the electrode to remain stable during prolonged cycling, which is crucial for enhancing the lifespan of high-performance lithium metal batteries," Hu said.
\nThe researchers used artificial intelligence to screen electrolyte materials, significantly shortening development time. They collaborated with the National University of Singapore and several Chinese companies.
\nWith support from national-level platforms such as Tianjin University's National Industry-Education Platform of Energy Storage and the National Key Laboratory of Precious Metal Functional Materials, the team is promoting commercialization and practical application of the findings.
\nA pilot production line for high-energy lithium metal batteries is operational, and the technology has been tested in three models of domestically developed micro electric drones. Their flight endurance increased by up to 2.8 times compared with current battery systems.
\nyandongjie@chinadaily.com.cn
\n", - "content": "Scientists at Tianjin University have developed a high-energy lithium metal battery with an energy density two to three times greater than that of existing lithium-ion batteries, according to findings published in the journal Nature recently.
\nThe breakthrough was achieved by redesigning the battery's electrolyte to improve the movement of lithium ions. With batteries of the same weight, the range of electric vehicles is expected to multiply.
\nThe findings are a significant step in meeting the urgent demand in fields such as electric transportation and the low-altitude economy for high-energy, long-duration rechargeable batteries.
\nEnergy density, the amount of energy that can be stored per mass, is a core performance indicator for batteries.
\n"For a long time, scientists have hoped to increase the energy density of batteries while ensuring maximum safety, enabling batteries to store more electricity with lighter weight and smaller volume," said Hu Wenbin, a professor at the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Tianjin University and leader of the research team.
\nDevelopers have faced challenges in improving the performance of traditional lithium batteries, Hu said. The electrolyte of traditional lithium batteries is generally composed of a single salt and a few solvents, forming a point-like structure. That structure limits the migration capability of lithium ions, resulting in imbalances in the electrolyte and restricting the battery's energy storage and cycling performance.
\nTo address the problem, the team designed an ultra-dispersed electrolyte, or UDE, after years of research.
\n"Compared with the relatively single composition of traditional electrolytes, this electrolyte integrates multiple solvents and salts, significantly enhancing the disordered solvation micro-environment. It creates a face-like microscopic environment, effectively reducing the kinetic barriers to lithium-ion movement," Hu said.
\nThe new electrolyte design optimizes performance and achieves internationally recognized high energy density targets, Hu added. Pouch cell energy density exceeds 600 watt-hours-per-kilogram, and battery pack energy density exceeds 480 Wh/kg.
\nBy comparison, United States electric car manufacturer Tesla's 4680 battery has an energy density of about 300 Wh/kg, and Chinese electric vehicle company BYD's Blade Battery is around 150 Wh/kg.
\n"This lays an important foundation for the future application of lithium metal batteries," Hu said.
\nThe team also discovered that within the dispersed microscopic environment formed by the UDE, a solid electrolyte interphase, or SEI, develops inside the battery.
\n"This robust and stable interface enables the electrode to remain stable during prolonged cycling, which is crucial for enhancing the lifespan of high-performance lithium metal batteries," Hu said.
\nThe researchers used artificial intelligence to screen electrolyte materials, significantly shortening development time. They collaborated with the National University of Singapore and several Chinese companies.
\nWith support from national-level platforms such as Tianjin University's National Industry-Education Platform of Energy Storage and the National Key Laboratory of Precious Metal Functional Materials, the team is promoting commercialization and practical application of the findings.
\nA pilot production line for high-energy lithium metal batteries is operational, and the technology has been tested in three models of domestically developed micro electric drones. Their flight endurance increased by up to 2.8 times compared with current battery systems.
\nyandongjie@chinadaily.com.cn
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/19/content_004_68a39123ed50ccabe1517bac.htm#004CHINA", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "1c6600116307b33f32b67a102e7cc46d", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "005CHINA - Satellites launched to bolster internet", "description": "China launched a group of internet satellites into orbit on Sunday evening, marking the fifth in-orbit deployment of such spacecraft in a month.
\nThe satellites are the ninth group of low-orbit hardware in China's State-owned internet network. They were lifted by a Long March 6A carrier rocket at 10:15 pm from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in Shanxi province and soon arrived in their orbital positions, according to China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp, which conducted the launch.
\nOver the past month, five batches of satellites have been sent into orbit for the in-orbit networking of the country's massive space-based internet system, which is often likened to a Chinese version of SpaceX's Starlink.
\nThe fifth group in the network was launched on July 27, the sixth on July 30, the seventh on Aug 4, and the eighth on Aug 13.
\nUpon its completion, the Chinese mega-constellation will consist of about 13,000 satellites operating in low-Earth orbit to create an internet system with worldwide coverage.
\nThe latest batch was designed and built by the Shanghai-based Innovation Academy for Microsatellites of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is tasked with using its Ka-band transmitters to provide communications and internet service to users.
\nThe Long March 6A rocket model was developed by the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology, a CASC subsidiary, as a medium-lift launch vehicle.
\nThe rocket has a liftoff weight of 530 metric tons and is mainly used to transport satellites to multiple types of orbit, including sun-synchronous, low-Earth and intermediate circular orbit. It consists of a 50-meter, liquid-propelled core booster and four solid-fuel side boosters.
\nWhen used to reach the typical sun-synchronous orbit 700 kilometers above Earth, the model can carry satellites with a combined weight of more than 4.5 tons.
\nSunday's launch was the third time the Long March 6A type was used to carry satellites involved in the internet network. It also marked China's 48th rocket launch this year, and the 590th flight of the Long March rocket family.
\nEarlier on Sunday, a Long March 4C rocket blasted off at 4:55 pm at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan province, sending the Shiyan 28B02 satellite into its preset orbit.
\nThe satellite was also made by the Innovation Academy for Microsatellites, and it will be used to measure and survey space environmental elements and demonstrate new technologies. Its predecessor, Shiyan 28B01, was lifted off by the same rocket model from Xichang on July 3.
\nThe Long March 4C, also a product of the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology, has a liftoff weight of 250 tons and is mainly used to send satellites to sun-synchronous orbit.
\nzhaolei@chinadaily.com.cn
\n", @@ -19386,28 +17538,6 @@ "hash": "f634a90fdb8394af96d39e9d841e9497", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "005CHINA - Beijing games showcase robotics innovation", - "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-19/005/20250819_005_04_86166.png\")
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-19/005/20250819_005_04_32166.png\")
The Tien Kung Ultra robot (third from left), developed by a Beijing-based company, claims 100m gold at the 2025 World Humanoid Robot Games in Beijing on Sunday, finishing in 21.5 seconds.
\nThe inaugural World Humanoid Robot Games in Beijing have showcased how sport is accelerating robotics innovation and capturing public imagination.
\nOver three days, more than 500 robots from 280 teams across 16 countries competed in 487 events that ranged from athletics and soccer to combat and hotel service simulations.
\nAt the closing ceremony on Sunday, organizers announced the establishment of the World Humanoid Robotics Games Federation, dedicated to advancing humanoid robot sports, with Beijing set to host the second Games in August 2026.
\nSpectators were left astonished as humanoid robots sprinted 1,500 meters at speeds rivaling university athletes or performed synchronized dances dressed as Terracotta Warriors. Some robots veered off track or collided with referees, drawing laughter and applause, while others passed soccer balls flawlessly, occasionally scoring in their own goals. The mix of impressive feats and endearing mishaps underscored both the rapid progress and the challenges that remain in better managing humanoid mobility and coordination.
\n"These Games bring together top-tier teams from across China and around the world, providing a platform to showcase their latest research and achievements in robotics, and it also fosters mutual learning and collaboration among participants," said Lou Kaiqi, who directed a Terracotta Warrior-themed dance performance.
\nHis team developed group-control software to synchronize nine robots in complex routines.
\n"Each unit was precisely calibrated to move in rhythm, creating a visually striking performance," he added.
\nThe growing publicity around such events has drawn broader attention to the robotics industry, particularly to advancements in robotic movement. This has significantly accelerated technological progress in the field over the past two years, driving remarkable developments in robotic capabilities.
\n"This event's greatest value lies in public engagement," said Huang Siyuan of the BIGAI-Unitree team, which competed in the hotel service challenge. "People can see how autonomously and efficiently these robots handle everyday tasks, something many care about."
\nThe Games are also accelerating technical breakthroughs by taking humanoid robots out of laboratories and into real-world scenarios. The competition acts as a testing ground, helping refine viable innovations and push them toward wider adoption. Huang said humanoid robots hold significant potential to revolutionize hotel cleaning operations.
\n"The benefit of humanoid robots is safety and privacy. Many people worry about inconsistent cleaning quality in hotels, but robots can perform tasks with higher reliability and precision, ensuring greater trust. Their standardized execution reduces human error, making them a preferable solution for some environments," Huang said.
\nHuang added that hotel service robots need to perform autonomous navigation and interactive operations within the environment, such as picking up a suitcase or collecting trash and disposing of it in a bin. These actions demonstrate humanoid robots' strong interactive capabilities in real-world scenarios.
\nThe Games also highlighted Beijing's ambitions to become a global robotics hub. The city has rolled out multibillion-yuan investment funds, innovation centers and industrial policies to support humanoid robot research, manufacturing and deployment. Its humanoid robot sector now accounts for about a third of China's market, with revenues up nearly 40 percent in the first half of this year, according to data released by authorities.
\nContact the writers at wangsongsong@chinadaily.com.cn
\n", - "content": "\nThe Tien Kung Ultra robot (third from left), developed by a Beijing-based company, claims 100m gold at the 2025 World Humanoid Robot Games in Beijing on Sunday, finishing in 21.5 seconds.
\nThe inaugural World Humanoid Robot Games in Beijing have showcased how sport is accelerating robotics innovation and capturing public imagination.
\nOver three days, more than 500 robots from 280 teams across 16 countries competed in 487 events that ranged from athletics and soccer to combat and hotel service simulations.
\nAt the closing ceremony on Sunday, organizers announced the establishment of the World Humanoid Robotics Games Federation, dedicated to advancing humanoid robot sports, with Beijing set to host the second Games in August 2026.
\nSpectators were left astonished as humanoid robots sprinted 1,500 meters at speeds rivaling university athletes or performed synchronized dances dressed as Terracotta Warriors. Some robots veered off track or collided with referees, drawing laughter and applause, while others passed soccer balls flawlessly, occasionally scoring in their own goals. The mix of impressive feats and endearing mishaps underscored both the rapid progress and the challenges that remain in better managing humanoid mobility and coordination.
\n"These Games bring together top-tier teams from across China and around the world, providing a platform to showcase their latest research and achievements in robotics, and it also fosters mutual learning and collaboration among participants," said Lou Kaiqi, who directed a Terracotta Warrior-themed dance performance.
\nHis team developed group-control software to synchronize nine robots in complex routines.
\n"Each unit was precisely calibrated to move in rhythm, creating a visually striking performance," he added.
\nThe growing publicity around such events has drawn broader attention to the robotics industry, particularly to advancements in robotic movement. This has significantly accelerated technological progress in the field over the past two years, driving remarkable developments in robotic capabilities.
\n"This event's greatest value lies in public engagement," said Huang Siyuan of the BIGAI-Unitree team, which competed in the hotel service challenge. "People can see how autonomously and efficiently these robots handle everyday tasks, something many care about."
\nThe Games are also accelerating technical breakthroughs by taking humanoid robots out of laboratories and into real-world scenarios. The competition acts as a testing ground, helping refine viable innovations and push them toward wider adoption. Huang said humanoid robots hold significant potential to revolutionize hotel cleaning operations.
\n"The benefit of humanoid robots is safety and privacy. Many people worry about inconsistent cleaning quality in hotels, but robots can perform tasks with higher reliability and precision, ensuring greater trust. Their standardized execution reduces human error, making them a preferable solution for some environments," Huang said.
\nHuang added that hotel service robots need to perform autonomous navigation and interactive operations within the environment, such as picking up a suitcase or collecting trash and disposing of it in a bin. These actions demonstrate humanoid robots' strong interactive capabilities in real-world scenarios.
\nThe Games also highlighted Beijing's ambitions to become a global robotics hub. The city has rolled out multibillion-yuan investment funds, innovation centers and industrial policies to support humanoid robot research, manufacturing and deployment. Its humanoid robot sector now accounts for about a third of China's market, with revenues up nearly 40 percent in the first half of this year, according to data released by authorities.
\nContact the writers at wangsongsong@chinadaily.com.cn
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/19/content_005_68a39134ed50ccabe1517bb0.htm#005CHINA", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "2f11d8fda3968db4261e5971918aae75", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "006VISUAL - Breakdancers bring the house down", "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-19/006/20250819_006_01_154.png\")
Online See more by scanning the code.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-19/006/20250819_006_01_85.png\")
Spectators applaud performances given by dancers during the 2025 Cloud Jam (Tayun Jue) Breaking Open Finals in Kunming, Yunnan province, earlier this month.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-19/006/20250819_006_01_119.png\")
Dancers cheer for a performance presented by a young dancer.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-19/006/20250819_006_01_153.png\")
Lian Jiulong, a member of the judging panel, gives a performance during the two-day event.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-19/006/20250819_006_01_102.png\")
A dancer competes during the event.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-19/006/20250819_006_01_136.png\")
A young dancer prepares to stage his performance.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-19/006/20250819_006_01_50.png\")
A young dancer participates in the competition of Kids Breaking 1v1 category.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-19/006/20250819_006_01_67.png\")
A young dancer shows his skill during the competition.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-19/006/20250819_006_01_33.png\")
Members of the Southeast Asian Team dance for the Breaking Crew Battle competition during the event.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-19/006/20250819_006_01_84.png\")
B4, a member of the Vietnamese National Breaking Team, dances during the event.
\nThe 2025 Cloud Jam (Tayun Jue) Breaking Open Finals lit up the night and drew to a close in Kunming, Yunnan province, earlier this month.
\nThe event attracted the participation of 1,500 dancers from 15 province-level regions and countries such as Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, the United States, France and South Korea. The competition set up four major categories — Breaking Crew Battle, Breaking 2v2, Kids Breaking 1v1 and Kids Breaking Crew Battle — and unfolded over two days, from Aug 9 to the evening of Aug 10. Aug 9 was dedicated to grueling preliminary rounds, followed by elimination rounds on the 10th, culminating in a series of electrifying final showdowns on the evening of the 10th.
\nAdding to the spectacle was a captivating performance staged by national teams from China, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos and Malaysia. The crowd was also treated to a performance given by the judging panel itself, featuring luminaries such as Lian Jiulong — nicknamed Kowloon — who was a judge at the 2024 Olympic Games in breaking, and Mounir Biba, the head coach of the Chinese National Breaking Team and the legendary French b-boy.
\nAfter two days of fierce competition, the champions were crowned. Zhang Zhixun from Sichuan province claimed the title in Kids Breaking 1v1. 0831, a team from Yibin, Sichuan, dominated the Kids Breaking Crew Battle. Le Borthe from Vietnam won the Breaking 2v2 category. And finally, the Southeast Asian Team, a collaboration of breakers from Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and Malaysia, took home the crown in the Breaking Crew Battle competition.
\nContact the writers at liyingqing@chinadaily.com.cn
\n", @@ -19430,28 +17560,6 @@ "hash": "37c4b01c383e198fc42fce4ea3beb63a", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "008COMMENT - US needs to take good hard look at itself", - "description": "The US State Department issued its annual human rights report on China on Tuesday last week, in which it once again groundlessly pointed an accusing finger at the country for alleged human rights abuses.
\nThe report is divorced from reality and constitutes a grave interference in China's internal affairs. The US' double standards on human rights issues and its intention of weaponizing human rights for its own geopolitical interests are plain to see.
\nChina's human rights achievements are widely recognized around the world. The country's development is about providing a better life for the 1.4 billion Chinese people and the country follows a people-centered development approach. It has charted a path of human rights development that suits China's national conditions. The path has been embraced by the people and conforms to the trends of the time.
\nIn the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, people of different ethnic groups enjoy their rights according to law. The region has achieved noticeable results in advancing socioeconomic development and human rights, and it remains stable and tranquil. As a result, it has been able to open its doors wider to the outside world, receiving more than 200 million domestic and foreign tourists annually. It has also become a major hub of the Belt and Road Initiative and a major channel for the China-Europe Railway Express.
\nLikewise, human rights in the Xizang autonomous region and its development have made evident progress. The success of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in practicing "one country, two systems" is also there for everyone to see.
\nWhile China is willing to engage in dialogue and exchanges on human rights with all countries, it will never allow any country to interfere in its internal affairs, jeopardize China's interests, or tarnish China's image under the pretext of "human rights". The nation is firmly opposed to the politicization and weaponization of human rights issues, and the arbitrary use of human rights by some developed countries to suppress developing countries that pursue independent and autonomous policies.
\nBefore lecturing other countries on human rights, the US should face squarely its own human rights issues. The State Council Information Office of China on Sunday released a report on human rights violations in the US in 2024, indicating how grave the human rights conditions are in the country.
\nThe inequality in US society continues to increase, with the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer. As a result the US public is deeply disillusioned with the country's democratic system in which money dictates policy. For instance, the root cause of the US' opioid crisis lies in interest hijacking, government-business collusion and regulatory failure. Interest groups, driven by profit, have intensified their lobbying efforts and deceptively promoted the use of opioids. The number of fatal overdoses involving synthetic opioids and stimulants has surged in the past few years.
\nGun violence remains rampant in the US. According to the Sunday report, there were 503 mass shootings and 45 school shootings in the US in 2024. In all, 40,000 Americans were killed by gun violence last year, including over 1,400 children. Meanwhile, police brutality — particularly against non-white ethnic minorities — persists in total disregard of human rights. African Americans, for instance, are three times more likely to be shot and killed by police than white Americans.
\nWorse, the human rights issues the US creates are not just restricted to its own territory.
\nWhile hyping up fabricated violations of the "human rights" of Uygurs and other ethnic minorities in China, particularly Muslim groups, the US administration pays no heed to the ugly role it is playing, both directly and indirectly, in the worsening humanitarian crisis in Gaza.
\nThe US is also the world's biggest user of unilateral sanctions. It has increasingly imposed them on some less-developed countries in recent years. More than 60 percent of low-income countries are now under some form of financial penalty imposed by the US, according to the report.
\nUnder the collusion of power and capital, human rights have been distorted into mere props in a political "show" and bargaining chips in a power "casino", completely deviating from their core values and fundamental principles. As the report says, the tumultuous political stage of the US in 2024 acts as a prism, reflecting the structural dilemmas of US-style human rights.
\n", - "content": "The US State Department issued its annual human rights report on China on Tuesday last week, in which it once again groundlessly pointed an accusing finger at the country for alleged human rights abuses.
\nThe report is divorced from reality and constitutes a grave interference in China's internal affairs. The US' double standards on human rights issues and its intention of weaponizing human rights for its own geopolitical interests are plain to see.
\nChina's human rights achievements are widely recognized around the world. The country's development is about providing a better life for the 1.4 billion Chinese people and the country follows a people-centered development approach. It has charted a path of human rights development that suits China's national conditions. The path has been embraced by the people and conforms to the trends of the time.
\nIn the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, people of different ethnic groups enjoy their rights according to law. The region has achieved noticeable results in advancing socioeconomic development and human rights, and it remains stable and tranquil. As a result, it has been able to open its doors wider to the outside world, receiving more than 200 million domestic and foreign tourists annually. It has also become a major hub of the Belt and Road Initiative and a major channel for the China-Europe Railway Express.
\nLikewise, human rights in the Xizang autonomous region and its development have made evident progress. The success of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in practicing "one country, two systems" is also there for everyone to see.
\nWhile China is willing to engage in dialogue and exchanges on human rights with all countries, it will never allow any country to interfere in its internal affairs, jeopardize China's interests, or tarnish China's image under the pretext of "human rights". The nation is firmly opposed to the politicization and weaponization of human rights issues, and the arbitrary use of human rights by some developed countries to suppress developing countries that pursue independent and autonomous policies.
\nBefore lecturing other countries on human rights, the US should face squarely its own human rights issues. The State Council Information Office of China on Sunday released a report on human rights violations in the US in 2024, indicating how grave the human rights conditions are in the country.
\nThe inequality in US society continues to increase, with the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer. As a result the US public is deeply disillusioned with the country's democratic system in which money dictates policy. For instance, the root cause of the US' opioid crisis lies in interest hijacking, government-business collusion and regulatory failure. Interest groups, driven by profit, have intensified their lobbying efforts and deceptively promoted the use of opioids. The number of fatal overdoses involving synthetic opioids and stimulants has surged in the past few years.
\nGun violence remains rampant in the US. According to the Sunday report, there were 503 mass shootings and 45 school shootings in the US in 2024. In all, 40,000 Americans were killed by gun violence last year, including over 1,400 children. Meanwhile, police brutality — particularly against non-white ethnic minorities — persists in total disregard of human rights. African Americans, for instance, are three times more likely to be shot and killed by police than white Americans.
\nWorse, the human rights issues the US creates are not just restricted to its own territory.
\nWhile hyping up fabricated violations of the "human rights" of Uygurs and other ethnic minorities in China, particularly Muslim groups, the US administration pays no heed to the ugly role it is playing, both directly and indirectly, in the worsening humanitarian crisis in Gaza.
\nThe US is also the world's biggest user of unilateral sanctions. It has increasingly imposed them on some less-developed countries in recent years. More than 60 percent of low-income countries are now under some form of financial penalty imposed by the US, according to the report.
\nUnder the collusion of power and capital, human rights have been distorted into mere props in a political "show" and bargaining chips in a power "casino", completely deviating from their core values and fundamental principles. As the report says, the tumultuous political stage of the US in 2024 acts as a prism, reflecting the structural dilemmas of US-style human rights.
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/19/content_008_68a3914eed50ccabe1517bb6.htm#008COMMENT", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "31fe8bdfc7969d3c94ea002eeb541d9d", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "008COMMENT - Without autonomy, EU will continue to be on the menu", "description": "That some European leaders will join Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky to meet US President Donald Trump in Washington shows their concern that Kyiv will not be treated "fairly" in any potential deal and Europe's security concerns will not be addressed by an end to the Ukraine crisis negotiated between the United States and Russia.
\nThe Zelensky-Trump meeting comes shortly after a three-hour dialogue between the US leader and his Russian counterpart in Anchorage, Alaska, the first of its kind since Trump took office in January. And it is widely believed that the meeting between the US and its allies will touch upon some key issues, such as whether Ukraine will need to cede territory for a deal.
\nSince the majority of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization members have agreed to raise their defense spending from 2 percent of GDP to 5 percent, most of which will be spent buying US weapons, and the US has already inked a mineral resource agreement with Ukraine, the Trump administration has already leveraged the conflict to get the maximum gains it can from Ukraine and European countries.
\nAfter that Washington has turned attention to try and broker a ceasefire so it can see what the US can seek to get from Russia.
\nTo this end, it has been hammering home the fact that without the support of the US, Kyiv and the European countries would not be able to sustain the conflict, not to mention hold the front line where it is.
\nIt is the European Union that has put itself in such a difficult position by ending its pursuit of autonomy initiated by former German chancellor Angela Merkel during her time in office from 2005 to 2021.
\nDuring Merkel's tenure as the German leader that had unique influence on the EU, the bloc tried to keep a balance between the US and Russia and acted with its due confidence on the world stage as one pole of a nascent multipolar world.
\nBut after Merkel's retirement, the EU has thrown itself into the arms of the US. Many industrial, technological, as well as economic and trade policies that had proved effective in enabling the EU to stand on its own feet during Merkel's days have been dropped.
\nBlindly following Washington's foreign and geopolitical policies has not made the EU safer but a buffer zone and a coffer-filler for the US. It is no coincidence that the Russia-Ukraine conflict broke out less than two months after Merkel's retirement.
\nSo given the huge gap between what the EU wants and what it has, there might be even fiercer discussions between the European visitors and their US hosts in Washington this week than the widely televised meeting between Zelensky and Trump in the White House in late February.
\nCompared with then, the US has steadily advanced its agenda on the Ukraine crisis. Now it is time for Kyiv and its European supporters to accept the painful fact that they lack the necessary means to defend their own core interests in not only the conflict but also in their dealings with the US.
\nThe EU is now experiencing the consequences of its choice over the past few years. It has to accept that the US is a self-centered ally that is ready to loot a burning house.
\nIt will certainly take a long process to resolve the Ukraine crisis. Even so, none of the stakeholders, except the US, might feel happy with the final deal.
\nAt least if the end of the crisis can serve to prompt the EU to resume its pursuit of autonomy, the blood will not have been shed in vain. But before the EU grasps its own fate in its hands, it will continue to be on the menu.
\n",