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"title": "海豹的胡须有什么作用？",
"description": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-7e922247fb1b0d6d7f0c10ad7f4fd8eb_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>2001 年，科学家们精心设计了一个科学实验。</p>\n<p>他们给一只名叫 Rosi 的港海豹（海豹科、斑海豹属动物）佩戴了不透光的眼罩和隔音的耳罩，在暂时屏蔽其视觉和听觉信号的情况下，测试它能否跟上一条小型潜艇的轨迹。<strong>潜艇由螺旋桨驱动，像一条机械鱼，在水池中以 2 米每秒的速度划出直线，以 1.5 米每秒的速度划出曲线。</strong></p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-34d01757d83a984728884d9d32f1a5c0_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>海豹用胡须追踪鱼的轨迹 图片来源：heather beem</figcaption></figure>\n<p>潜艇留下的痕迹只有狭窄的水流通道，并且超过 20 秒后，水流的轨迹就会慢慢消失。这些水流痕迹模仿了鱼类游动留下的涡旋，像隐形的足迹，肉眼无法捕捉。</p>\n<p>潜艇运行固定距离后，停在一个半圆周上，周长 12.57 米，Rosi 的任务是潜入水下，找到它。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-3d077f0e003608fde500484c0beb50c0_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>图（a）图中展示了一个水下实验装置。实验者站在平台上，平台下方是水面，水下有一个潜水站，海豹佩戴眼罩和耳机以隔离视觉和听觉干扰。图（b）这一部分展示了海豹追踪运动的序列图像，时间戳从 00.00 秒到 17.13 秒 图（c）展示了海豹追踪时的两种轨迹 图片来源：参考文献[3]</figcaption></figure>\n<p>水池上方，摄像机记录下 Rosi 的每一帧行动画面。Rosi 潜入水池，88 根胡子展开，像天线般微微抖动。接着，它朝水池中心游去，头部轻轻摆动，像是用胡子“嗅”着水流的低语。</p>\n<p>令人难以置信的是，Rosi 在 326 次试验中成功找到潜艇的次数为 298 次，成功率约 91.4%，远超偶然概率的 13 次。并且，<strong>它追踪的距离可远达 180 米，不仅能追踪直线痕迹，还能跟着弯曲的涡旋游动。</strong></p>\n<p><strong><strong>海豹的“追踪神器”是什么？</strong></strong></p>\n<p>目标物的轨迹如此狭窄、痕迹停留时间如此短暂，海豹究竟拥有什么样的“追踪神器”呢？</p>\n<p><strong>答案是胡须。</strong>海豹胡须的毛囊周围有复杂的血窦（具体来说，它是一组充满血液的腔隙，位于毛囊的基部）和多种机械感受器，能感知微弱的水流信号，将机械信号转为电信号，传递到大脑的体感皮层。而<strong>它们的 88 根胡须则像“神经网络”，能够整合信号，绘制出水流的“动态地图”，就像一个精密的水下雷达。</strong></p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-020fcbcf39f635e7622b3b7f009fa68d_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>海豹 图片来源：Earth 网</figcaption></figure>\n<p>然而，水下的环境极为复杂，水下的“背景噪音”极大。想象你在一条喧闹的大街上，想听清朋友低声说话，但周围的车声、人声令你晕眩。同样地，海豹的胡须在水下面临的“背景噪音”就有类似的感觉。</p>\n<p>水下的背景噪音不仅来源于水中悬浮颗粒的碰撞，还有水中的杂乱水流，最重要的是一种叫“涡激振动”（vortex-induced vibrations）的影响。涡激振动是流体力学的一种现象。当水流或空气以一定速度流过物体时，流体会因为物体的阻挡而分裂，形成周期性的涡旋。这些涡旋产生不均匀的压力，推着物体振动。振动的频率（晃动的快慢程度）取决于流速、物体形状和大小。</p>\n<p>理论上，<strong>当海豹游动时，水流经过胡须会形成小旋涡，这些旋涡会推着胡须来回晃动，产生的便是涡激振动。</strong>这种晃动就像收音机里的杂音，干扰胡须感知鱼类尾流等微弱信号。</p>\n<p>因此，新的谜团浮现了：海豹的胡须是如何捕捉这些微弱信号的？怎么消除周围的干扰获取精准的信号？</p>\n<p><strong><strong>海豹胡须因何能成为高精确度的“水下雷达”？</strong></strong></p>\n<p>2010 年，科学家们对海豹胡须展开了实验。他们搬出了一个旋转流槽，像个巨大的旋转木马，直径 1.24 米，水深 20 厘米。水槽绕中心轴旋转，制造出稳定的水流，速度从 0.323 米每秒到 0.550 米每秒。</p>\n<p>科学家们从自然死亡的幼年海豹和博物馆标本中取来三根港海豹胡须和三根加利福尼亚海狮胡须，长度相近。</p>\n<p>虽然海豹和海狮就像“表兄弟”，生活方式和环境很像，但它们的胡须结构不太一样。海豹的胡须有独特的波浪状结构，每根胡须有 10~12 个波峰波谷，波长Line truncated
"content": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-7e922247fb1b0d6d7f0c10ad7f4fd8eb_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>2001 年，科学家们精心设计了一个科学实验。</p>\n<p>他们给一只名叫 Rosi 的港海豹（海豹科、斑海豹属动物）佩戴了不透光的眼罩和隔音的耳罩，在暂时屏蔽其视觉和听觉信号的情况下，测试它能否跟上一条小型潜艇的轨迹。<strong>潜艇由螺旋桨驱动，像一条机械鱼，在水池中以 2 米每秒的速度划出直线，以 1.5 米每秒的速度划出曲线。</strong></p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-34d01757d83a984728884d9d32f1a5c0_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>海豹用胡须追踪鱼的轨迹 图片来源：heather beem</figcaption></figure>\n<p>潜艇留下的痕迹只有狭窄的水流通道，并且超过 20 秒后，水流的轨迹就会慢慢消失。这些水流痕迹模仿了鱼类游动留下的涡旋，像隐形的足迹，肉眼无法捕捉。</p>\n<p>潜艇运行固定距离后，停在一个半圆周上，周长 12.57 米，Rosi 的任务是潜入水下，找到它。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-3d077f0e003608fde500484c0beb50c0_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>图（a）图中展示了一个水下实验装置。实验者站在平台上，平台下方是水面，水下有一个潜水站，海豹佩戴眼罩和耳机以隔离视觉和听觉干扰。图（b）这一部分展示了海豹追踪运动的序列图像，时间戳从 00.00 秒到 17.13 秒 图（c）展示了海豹追踪时的两种轨迹 图片来源：参考文献[3]</figcaption></figure>\n<p>水池上方，摄像机记录下 Rosi 的每一帧行动画面。Rosi 潜入水池，88 根胡子展开，像天线般微微抖动。接着，它朝水池中心游去，头部轻轻摆动，像是用胡子“嗅”着水流的低语。</p>\n<p>令人难以置信的是，Rosi 在 326 次试验中成功找到潜艇的次数为 298 次，成功率约 91.4%，远超偶然概率的 13 次。并且，<strong>它追踪的距离可远达 180 米，不仅能追踪直线痕迹，还能跟着弯曲的涡旋游动。</strong></p>\n<p><strong><strong>海豹的“追踪神器”是什么？</strong></strong></p>\n<p>目标物的轨迹如此狭窄、痕迹停留时间如此短暂，海豹究竟拥有什么样的“追踪神器”呢？</p>\n<p><strong>答案是胡须。</strong>海豹胡须的毛囊周围有复杂的血窦（具体来说，它是一组充满血液的腔隙，位于毛囊的基部）和多种机械感受器，能感知微弱的水流信号，将机械信号转为电信号，传递到大脑的体感皮层。而<strong>它们的 88 根胡须则像“神经网络”，能够整合信号，绘制出水流的“动态地图”，就像一个精密的水下雷达。</strong></p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-020fcbcf39f635e7622b3b7f009fa68d_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>海豹 图片来源：Earth 网</figcaption></figure>\n<p>然而，水下的环境极为复杂，水下的“背景噪音”极大。想象你在一条喧闹的大街上，想听清朋友低声说话，但周围的车声、人声令你晕眩。同样地，海豹的胡须在水下面临的“背景噪音”就有类似的感觉。</p>\n<p>水下的背景噪音不仅来源于水中悬浮颗粒的碰撞，还有水中的杂乱水流，最重要的是一种叫“涡激振动”（vortex-induced vibrations）的影响。涡激振动是流体力学的一种现象。当水流或空气以一定速度流过物体时，流体会因为物体的阻挡而分裂，形成周期性的涡旋。这些涡旋产生不均匀的压力，推着物体振动。振动的频率（晃动的快慢程度）取决于流速、物体形状和大小。</p>\n<p>理论上，<strong>当海豹游动时，水流经过胡须会形成小旋涡，这些旋涡会推着胡须来回晃动，产生的便是涡激振动。</strong>这种晃动就像收音机里的杂音，干扰胡须感知鱼类尾流等微弱信号。</p>\n<p>因此，新的谜团浮现了：海豹的胡须是如何捕捉这些微弱信号的？怎么消除周围的干扰获取精准的信号？</p>\n<p><strong><strong>海豹胡须因何能成为高精确度的“水下雷达”？</strong></strong></p>\n<p>2010 年，科学家们对海豹胡须展开了实验。他们搬出了一个旋转流槽，像个巨大的旋转木马，直径 1.24 米，水深 20 厘米。水槽绕中心轴旋转，制造出稳定的水流，速度从 0.323 米每秒到 0.550 米每秒。</p>\n<p>科学家们从自然死亡的幼年海豹和博物馆标本中取来三根港海豹胡须和三根加利福尼亚海狮胡须，长度相近。</p>\n<p>虽然海豹和海狮就像“表兄弟”，生活方式和环境很像，但它们的胡须结构不太一样。海豹的胡须有独特的波浪状结构，每根胡须有 10~12 个波峰波谷，波长 1.5Line truncated
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"pubDate": "Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:27:03 +0000",
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"title": "使用Python6年后，发现学Python看完这几本书少走一半弯路，别错过",
"description": "在前面6年里，它一直是我热衷使用并不断研究的语言，迄今为止，python都非常友好并且易于学习！",
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"title": "011LIFE - Bi-city program bridges cultures, creativity, and communities",
"description": "<div></div><img src=\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-23/011/20250823_011_02_20.png\" /><p>Participants and officials take a photo after a dialogue on The Vision of Youth for the Future of Cultural Districts at the Palace Museum in Beijing.</p>\n<img src=\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-23/011/20250823_011_02_25.png\" /><p>Students share ideas on digital storytelling, visitor engagement and cultural branding, drawing on their learning journey and internship experiences during the Bi-city Youth Cultural Leadership Program.</p>\n<p> Sixteen university students from Beijing and Hong Kong gathered at the Palace Museum on Tuesday, not just to tour its historic halls but to imagine the future of China&#39;s cultural districts.</p>\n<p> The discussion was a highlight of the ongoing Hong Kong Palace Museum&#39;s fourth Bi-city Youth Cultural Leadership Program.</p>\n<p> By promoting cultural development in both cities, the program aims to strengthen Hong Kong&#39;s position as an East-meets-West center for international cultural exchange.</p>\n<p> During the exchange, Wang Xudong, director of the Palace Museum, emphasized the Palace Museum&#39;s unwavering commitment to safeguarding China&#39;s cultural relics. He highlighted its role in advancing cultural heritage conservation through innovative strategies and international collaboration.</p>\n<p> Bringing fresh perspectives, the students shared ideas on digital storytelling, visitor engagement and cultural branding, drawing on their learning journey and internship experiences under the program in Hong Kong and Beijing.</p>\n<p> They stressed the importance of providing platforms to young local artists, integrating audience traffic across different venues within a cultural district, and creating inviting spaces that encourage longer visits. Their insights also included the need to bridge the gap between the districts and local grassroots communities, enhancing cultural exchange and community involvement.</p>\n<p> The students also visited the Sensory Experience Gallery of the Palace Museum, which they said deepened their understanding of cultural intellectual property, brand operations, and the development of cultural and creative products.</p>\n<p> &quot;We are pleased to welcome students from the Bi-city Youth Cultural Leadership Program to the Palace Museum,&quot; Wang says.</p>\n<p> &quot;This meaningful initiative offers young people a platform to explore the changing landscape of cultural institutions and apply their creativity to real-world challenges. Their participation brings fresh perspectives and energy into the future of cultural districts. We look forward to strengthening our partnership with the Hong Kong Palace Museum to jointly nurture cultural talents and advance our shared mission of Chinese culture,&quot; he adds.</p>\n<p> Louis Ng, director of the Hong Kong Palace Museum, says the program encourages students to envision the future of cultural districts through creativity, community, and innovation.</p>\n<p> &quot;The program underscores our mission to nurture cultural leadership through cross-boundary collaboration and contribute to sustainable urban development. We are proud to see students exploring complex cultural questions and proposing thoughtful ideas that reflect both ambition and a grounded understanding of the opportunities and challenges shaping the cultural landscape across different cities,&quot; Ng says.</p>\n<p> Besides the Palace Museum visit, the Beijing stage of the program will enable students to participate in inspiring dialogues with industry experts, and a curated district city walk in Beijing.</p>\n<p> After Beijing, the students will conclude their cultural journey in Shanghai, where they will visit landmark developments and urban cultural hubs.</p>\n<p> Since its launch in 2022, the program has engaged nearly 150 students from Beijing and Hong Kong, aiming to inspire and nurture the next generation of cultural talent from Hong Kong and Beijing.</p>\n<p> <span>yangfeiyue@chinadaily.com.cn</span></p>\n<p></p>",
"content": "<div></div><img src=\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-23/011/20250823_011_02_20.png\" /><p>Participants and officials take a photo after a dialogue on The Vision of Youth for the Future of Cultural Districts at the Palace Museum in Beijing.</p>\n<img src=\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-23/011/20250823_011_02_25.png\" /><p>Students share ideas on digital storytelling, visitor engagement and cultural branding, drawing on their learning journey and internship experiences during the Bi-city Youth Cultural Leadership Program.</p>\n<p> Sixteen university students from Beijing and Hong Kong gathered at the Palace Museum on Tuesday, not just to tour its historic halls but to imagine the future of China&#39;s cultural districts.</p>\n<p> The discussion was a highlight of the ongoing Hong Kong Palace Museum&#39;s fourth Bi-city Youth Cultural Leadership Program.</p>\n<p> By promoting cultural development in both cities, the program aims to strengthen Hong Kong&#39;s position as an East-meets-West center for international cultural exchange.</p>\n<p> During the exchange, Wang Xudong, director of the Palace Museum, emphasized the Palace Museum&#39;s unwavering commitment to safeguarding China&#39;s cultural relics. He highlighted its role in advancing cultural heritage conservation through innovative strategies and international collaboration.</p>\n<p> Bringing fresh perspectives, the students shared ideas on digital storytelling, visitor engagement and cultural branding, drawing on their learning journey and internship experiences under the program in Hong Kong and Beijing.</p>\n<p> They stressed the importance of providing platforms to young local artists, integrating audience traffic across different venues within a cultural district, and creating inviting spaces that encourage longer visits. Their insights also included the need to bridge the gap between the districts and local grassroots communities, enhancing cultural exchange and community involvement.</p>\n<p> The students also visited the Sensory Experience Gallery of the Palace Museum, which they said deepened their understanding of cultural intellectual property, brand operations, and the development of cultural and creative products.</p>\n<p> &quot;We are pleased to welcome students from the Bi-city Youth Cultural Leadership Program to the Palace Museum,&quot; Wang says.</p>\n<p> &quot;This meaningful initiative offers young people a platform to explore the changing landscape of cultural institutions and apply their creativity to real-world challenges. Their participation brings fresh perspectives and energy into the future of cultural districts. We look forward to strengthening our partnership with the Hong Kong Palace Museum to jointly nurture cultural talents and advance our shared mission of Chinese culture,&quot; he adds.</p>\n<p> Louis Ng, director of the Hong Kong Palace Museum, says the program encourages students to envision the future of cultural districts through creativity, community, and innovation.</p>\n<p> &quot;The program underscores our mission to nurture cultural leadership through cross-boundary collaboration and contribute to sustainable urban development. We are proud to see students exploring complex cultural questions and proposing thoughtful ideas that reflect both ambition and a grounded understanding of the opportunities and challenges shaping the cultural landscape across different cities,&quot; Ng says.</p>\n<p> Besides the Palace Museum visit, the Beijing stage of the program will enable students to participate in inspiring dialogues with industry experts, and a curated district city walk in Beijing.</p>\n<p> After Beijing, the students will conclude their cultural journey in Shanghai, where they will visit landmark developments and urban cultural hubs.</p>\n<p> Since its launch in 2022, the program has engaged nearly 150 students from Beijing and Hong Kong, aiming to inspire and nurture the next generation of cultural talent from Hong Kong and Beijing.</p>\n<p> <span>yangfeiyue@chinadaily.com.cn</span></p>\n<p></p>",
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"title": "011WORLD - Safety net",
"description": "<div></div><img src=\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-22/011/20250822_011_03_18761.png\" /><p>A teacher explains to students about the dengue disease and other diseases caused by mosquito bites, as they sit under a mosquito net as part of an awareness campaign against the diseases on World Mosquito Day on Wednesday in Agartala, India.</p>\n<p></p><br><hr><div>获取更多RSS：<br><a href=\"https://feedx.net\" style=\"color:orange\" target=\"_blank\">https://feedx.net</a> <br><a href=\"https://feedx.site\" style=\"color:orange\" target=\"_blank\">https://feedx.site</a><br></div>",