vault backup: 2025-07-13 07:32:47

This commit is contained in:
CrazyJasonwell committed 2025-07-13 07:32:47 +08:00
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commit c62db48653
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@@ -293,28 +293,6 @@
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"title": "本周看什么 | 最近值得一看的 10 部作品",
"description": "☕️TL;DR近期佳作推荐:[台剧]拜六礼拜、[日剧]请和我的老公结婚吧、[韩剧]我们的电影、[国产]以法之名、[电影]超人、[电影]科琳娜、[动画]新吊带袜天使、[动画]小城日常、[动画]碧蓝之海第 ...<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/100974\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
"content": "☕️TL;DR近期佳作推荐:[台剧]拜六礼拜、[日剧]请和我的老公结婚吧、[韩剧]我们的电影、[国产]以法之名、[电影]超人、[电影]科琳娜、[动画]新吊带袜天使、[动画]小城日常、[动画]碧蓝之海第 ...<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/100974\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
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"title": "加购升级,玩法延续:Apple 高校优惠活动开始了",
"description": "又到了一年一度的Apple高校优惠活动季,买iPad送ApplePencil、买Mac送AirPods,高校师生们依然可以在即日起至9月30日的活动期间内,享受到限时的教育优惠+买赠活动。与往年类似, ...<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/100935\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
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"title": "派早报:Apple 开启返校季优惠、马斯克发布 Grok 4 等",
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"content": "Perplexity 正式推出 Comet 浏览器、JEDEC 发布 LPDDR6 新标准等。<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/100949\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
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"title": "看什么 · 特别篇丨让这些适合雨天观看的电影,来带你清凉一夏",
"description": "雨天宅家看什么?<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/67716\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
@@ -380,28 +336,6 @@
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"content": "IBM 推出 Power11 处理器及服务器,拜雅推出 AVENTHO 100 头戴式耳机等。<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/100888\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
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"title": "扑克牌中,黑桃K上的国王到底是谁?",
"description": "<div><div><div class=\"rich_media_content\" id=\"js_content\"><section style=\"margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 8px; white-space: normal; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJxdXiby5XB2BE6S0ulr9Fs213uZ85nlxAalcgRcLFiaSVdOVlrtCZRibIw/640?wx_fmt=gif\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK77EFI5szEwBSRHbCIWhIibOzldZWs8CRYAPyg2ZRlepdiafFOMT0xyF2hBJOcseU1e0fFOCt1Oxc2w/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><p><span><span>本 文 约 5300 字</span></span></p><section><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\"><p><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px;\"><span>阅 读 需 要 16 分 钟</span></span><span><span> </span></span></span></p><p><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;\"><span><span><br /></span></span></span></p></section></section><p><font face=\"宋体\"><span>扑克牌是现代社会最常见的娱乐玩品之一,但你有了解过,牌面上那一张张造型独特的图像是怎么来的吗?比如,黑桃</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>K的牌面上,就集合了王冠、竖琴、利剑等种种纹样,最终组合成了一位威严的君主。他到底是谁?</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK49ibklKh4ksLffLrOC79crC9icqjC0TeqkrefUQGMdTBLtZ2MqicLRZic3yTPb3iaZvAHtD0Cjr9MyA2Q/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 228px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK77EFI5szEwBSRHbCIWhIibOmpicdVSDkzpTUEmfTTbXGGkicVf9pOxtB41dKMYrr6gFDg6tpkriboWEQ/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>偶像:英雄与神意</span></font></p></section><section><span><p></p></span></section></section><p><span><br /></span></p><p><font face=\"宋体\"><span>利剑、王冠、竖琴,这是牌面黑桃</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>K上最醒目的元素,最为通行的说法认为,它们共同组成了一位人物原型,就是《圣经》中最受上帝青睐的国王——以色列“大卫王”。牌面上看似互不相关的纹样,反映的正是“大卫王”同时作为英雄、君主和信徒的身份特质。</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p><span><br /></span><span><p></p></span></p><p><font face=\"宋体\"><span>按照《圣经》的描述,</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“大卫王”最初是以英雄的姿态现身于以色列王国的。大卫出生于伯利恒,是耶西的第八个儿子。这位以牧羊为业的少年在以色列与非利士的战争中崭露头角。据《撒母耳记》记叙,战场曾出现一位非利士巨人歌利亚,身强力大,无人能敌,少年大卫却主动请缨出战。他拒绝穿戴铠甲,用投石机应战,竟然成功击杀歌利亚,斩下其头颅,帮助犹太人获得了战斗胜利。此战后,大卫成为百姓交口称赞的英雄,也正式开始了从牧童向国王的身份转变。在《圣经》中,这部分故事围绕着他和以色列国王<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">扫罗</span>的争斗展开,大卫蒸蒸日上的声誉让扫罗心生忌惮,在他的驱逐下,</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>Line truncated
"content": "<div><div><div class=\"rich_media_content\" id=\"js_content\"><section style=\"margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 8px; white-space: normal; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJxdXiby5XB2BE6S0ulr9Fs213uZ85nlxAalcgRcLFiaSVdOVlrtCZRibIw/640?wx_fmt=gif\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK77EFI5szEwBSRHbCIWhIibOzldZWs8CRYAPyg2ZRlepdiafFOMT0xyF2hBJOcseU1e0fFOCt1Oxc2w/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><p><span><span>本 文 约 5300 字</span></span></p><section><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\"><p><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px;\"><span>阅 读 需 要 16 分 钟</span></span><span><span> </span></span></span></p><p><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;\"><span><span><br /></span></span></span></p></section></section><p><font face=\"宋体\"><span>扑克牌是现代社会最常见的娱乐玩品之一,但你有了解过,牌面上那一张张造型独特的图像是怎么来的吗?比如,黑桃</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>K的牌面上,就集合了王冠、竖琴、利剑等种种纹样,最终组合成了一位威严的君主。他到底是谁?</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK49ibklKh4ksLffLrOC79crC9icqjC0TeqkrefUQGMdTBLtZ2MqicLRZic3yTPb3iaZvAHtD0Cjr9MyA2Q/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 228px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK77EFI5szEwBSRHbCIWhIibOmpicdVSDkzpTUEmfTTbXGGkicVf9pOxtB41dKMYrr6gFDg6tpkriboWEQ/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>偶像:英雄与神意</span></font></p></section><section><span><p></p></span></section></section><p><span><br /></span></p><p><font face=\"宋体\"><span>利剑、王冠、竖琴,这是牌面黑桃</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>K上最醒目的元素,最为通行的说法认为,它们共同组成了一位人物原型,就是《圣经》中最受上帝青睐的国王——以色列“大卫王”。牌面上看似互不相关的纹样,反映的正是“大卫王”同时作为英雄、君主和信徒的身份特质。</span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p><span><br /></span><span><p></p></span></p><p><font face=\"宋体\"><span>按照《圣经》的描述,</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“大卫王”最初是以英雄的姿态现身于以色列王国的。大卫出生于伯利恒,是耶西的第八个儿子。这位以牧羊为业的少年在以色列与非利士的战争中崭露头角。据《撒母耳记》记叙,战场曾出现一位非利士巨人歌利亚,身强力大,无人能敌,少年大卫却主动请缨出战。他拒绝穿戴铠甲,用投石机应战,竟然成功击杀歌利亚,斩下其头颅,帮助犹太人获得了战斗胜利。此战后,大卫成为百姓交口称赞的英雄,也正式开始了从牧童向国王的身份转变。在《圣经》中,这部分故事围绕着他和以色列国王<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">扫罗</span>的争斗展开,大卫蒸蒸日上的声誉让扫罗心生忌惮,在他的驱逐下,</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>大Line truncated
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{
"title": "大闹天宫的孙悟空,为什么后来连各路神仙的“坐骑”都打不过?",
"description": "<div><div><div class=\"rich_media_content\" id=\"js_content\"><section style=\"margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; white-space: normal; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJxdXiby5XB2BE6S0ulr9Fs213uZ85nlxAalcgRcLFiaSVdOVlrtCZRibIw/640?wx_fmt=gif\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; height: auto !important;\" /></span><span><br /></span></section><section style=\"margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; white-space: normal; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><br /></span></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7Eic7ib3fIX17IphvliaCfZvpMgRTIfLmu0D7Pibz1GlpGG0ybWicj9rcRSrd5P5jXYsBk1qjMbIkyHJg/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></section><section style=\"margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; white-space: normal; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><span><br /></span></span></section><section style=\"margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; white-space: normal; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><span>本 文 约 3300 字</span></span><span><br /></span></section><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: normal;\"><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 8px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><section><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><span>阅 读 需 要 11 分钟</span></span></section></section></section></section></section></section><h4 align=\"center\"></h4><p></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><br /></span></p><p></p><section style=\"margin: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><span>大闹天宫的过程,是《西游记》原著写得最出色的部分,而现代的改编和解读,总是并不怎么“忠于原著”。那么,从原著来看,大闹天宫这部分有什么值得我们再品一品的?</span></span></section><section style=\"margin: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><p><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK7Eic7ib3fIX17IphvliaCfZvpmqYEZwBznqU7R32ZIaYibljVm13Py9xhscxT6taKtTpZCPia9U9kuaSw/640?wx_fmt=gif\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: left; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-indent: 0em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 15px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.578px; text-align: center; text-indent: 34px;\"></span></span></section><section style=\"text-align: left; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7Eic7ib3fIX17IphvliaCfZvpXqUdMSiajulcnfpqB8hM1vcWkVzOypsLbEpBNrxRyeYjkbLgZqofmNg/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></section><p><span><br /></span></p></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><span><span>太白金星两次招安</span></span></p></section></section></section><p style=\"margin: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><span><br /></span></span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><span>四海龙王和十代冥王都到天庭告猴子的状,天庭就开始商讨,应该怎么处理这个问题。太白金星站出来了,说招安吧。于是把孙悟空招到天上来,到御马监做了个弼马温。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;\"></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><span>孙悟空管理的这个部门,叫御马监。这个部门明朝是真有的,明朝的宦官系统,有所谓十二监四司八局,总共二十四衙门。十二监里有一个御马监,十二监的长官,都被尊称为太监。——太监这个词也是在使用的过程中贬值了,</span><spLine truncated
@@ -1155,28 +1067,6 @@
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"title": "Windows 远程控制的最佳方案,我只服微软。但还有一个问题…",
"description": "作为 Windows 操作系统的开发者,微软提供了整套跨平台的远程控制方案,就是 Windows App! 微软在起名这方面,还是非常随意的。 顾名思义,Windows App 是一个叫做 Windo ",
"content": "\n<p>作为 Windows 操作系统的开发者,微软提供了整套跨平台的远程控制方案,就是 Windows App!</p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1608\" height=\"700\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-09T183001.767.jpg\" alt=\"Windows 远程控制的最佳方案,我只服微软。但还有一个问题... 3\" class=\"wp-image-52787\" title=\"Windows 远程控制的最佳方案,我只服微软。但还有一个问题... 3\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-09T183001.767.jpg 1608w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-09T183001.767-768x334.jpg 768w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-09T183001.767-1536x669.jpg 1536w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-09T183001.767-804x350.jpg 804w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1608px) 100vw, 1608px\" /></figure>\n\n\n\n<p>微软在起名这方面,还是非常随意的。</p>\n\n\n\n<p>顾名思义,<strong>Windows App</strong> 是一个叫做 Windows 的 App,是微软推出的一款远程控制工具,可以用来在各种设备上,远程控制另外一台 Windows 电脑。</p>\n\n\n\n<p>支持的设备有:</p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Windows</li>\n\n\n\n<li>macOS</li>\n\n\n\n<li>iOS / iPadOS</li>\n\n\n\n<li>Android / Chrome OS</li>\n\n\n\n<li>Web browsers</li>\n\n\n\n<li>Meta Quest VR headset (preview)</li>\n</ul>\n\n\n\n<p>是的,目前没有 Linux,可能是唯一的遗憾了。</p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Windows App</strong> 能够提供接近于本地电脑的体验,尤其在网络状况良好的情况下。</p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2304\" height=\"1434\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250709143952@2x-1.avif\" alt=\"Windows 远程控制的最佳方案,我只服微软。但还有一个问题... 4\" class=\"wp-image-52767\" title=\"Windows 远程控制的最佳方案,我只服微软。但还有一个问题... 4\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250709143952@2x-1.avif 2304w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250709143952@2x-1-768x478.jpg 768w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250709143952@2x-1-1536x956.jpg 1536w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250709143952@2x-1-2048x1275.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2304px) 100vw, 2304px\" /><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">青小蛙常用的几台电脑:物理游戏机和两台虚拟机</figcaption></figure></div>\n\n\n<p>但是,青小蛙并不能离开家后,再次远程控制这些电脑,因为&#8230;青小蛙没有公网IP。</p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">公网IP是多少人的心头好啊</h2>\n\n\n\n<p>没有,终究就是没有,你也不能去抢啊。</p>\n\n\n\n<p>如果你会一些技术、想折腾、不怕麻烦,可以自己去<a href=\"https://www.aliyun.com/minisite/goods?taskPkg=1111ydsrwb&amp;pkgSid=75639&amp;recordId=1514635&amp;userCode=zpda9d2e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">买一台</a>有公网IP的云服务器,使用 <a href=\"https://www.appinn.com/frp/\">frp</a> 等工具实现内容穿透。</p>\n\n\n\n<p>但,既然都掏钱买云服务器了,能不能掏钱买<a href=\"https://www.appinn.com/tag/%e5%86%85%e7%bd%91%e7%a9%bf%e9%80%8f/\" data-type=\"post_tag\" data-id=\"4863\">内网穿透</a>服务呢&#8230;</p>\n\n\n\n<p>俗话说:世界加钱可及。</p>\n\n\n\n<p>青小蛙就以小众软件多次介绍过的专业内网穿透服务<strong><a href=\"https://www.appinn.com/tag/%e7%bd%91%e4%ba%91%e7%a9%bf/\" data-type=\"post_tag\" data-id=\"6437\">网云穿</a></strong>为例,来解决这个问题吧:</p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">如何在外远程控制家中的电脑</h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">注册</h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>注册网云穿:<a href=\"https://login.xiaomy.net/#/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https://login.xiaomy.net/#/</a></li>\n\n\n\n<li>开通试用隧道:<a href=\"https://xiaomy.net/pay/?type=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https://xiaomy.net/pay/?type=0</a></li>\n</ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"630\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250709165509@2x-scaled.avif\" alt=\"Windows 远程控制的最佳方案,我只服微软。但还有一个问题... 5\" class=\"wp-image-52768\" title=\"Windows 远程控制的最佳方案,我只服微软。但还有一个问题... 5\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250709165509@2x-scaled.avif 2560w, https://do-cdn.appinn.coLine truncated
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"title": "微软自动奖励 – 一个 Chrome 插件,把 Bing 积分刷到 1000 多分了",
"description": "微软自动奖励(Microsoft Automatic Rewards)是一个 Chrome 插件,通过自动完成每日任务获取 Bing 积分。安装插件之后,只需要登录 Microsoft Rewards ",
@@ -1199,28 +1089,6 @@
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"title": "Backlog.md – 在 git 仓库中用 .md 生成并管理项目看板",
"description": "Backlog.md 是一款专为使用 git 的开发者设计的本地项目看板工具,拥有命令行与网页版两种操作模式。 它的思路很直接:每个任务都用一个 .md 文件保存在 git 仓库里,所有进度、分配、归 ",
"content": "\n<p><strong>Backlog.md</strong> 是一款专为使用 git 的开发者设计的本地项目看板工具,拥有<strong>命令行</strong>与<strong>网页版</strong>两种操作模式。</p>\n\n\n\n<p>它的思路很直接:每个任务都用一个 .md 文件保存在 git 仓库里,所有进度、分配、归档都靠 git 协作同步。没有云端、没有账号、没有复杂配置,只要你会用 git,就能用它把项目管理和代码管理合二为一。@<a href=\"https://www.appinn.com/backlog-md/\">Appinn</a></p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1608\" height=\"700\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-08T000113.982.jpg\" alt=\"Backlog.md - 在 git 仓库中用 .md 生成并管理项目看板 39\" class=\"wp-image-52725\" title=\"Backlog.md - 在 git 仓库中用 .md 生成并管理项目看板 39\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-08T000113.982.jpg 1608w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-08T000113.982-768x334.jpg 768w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-08T000113.982-1536x669.jpg 1536w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-08T000113.982-804x350.jpg 804w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1608px) 100vw, 1608px\" /></figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">一个例子</h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\">\n# 安装 Backlog.md\nbun/npm i -g backlog.md\n\n# 初始化 backlog 仓库,hello- 为前缀\nbacklog init hello-\n\n# 新建一个任务\nbacklog task create &quot;Render markdown as kanban&quot;\n\n# 查看当前项目看板\nbacklog board view\n</pre></div>\n\n\n<p>它就会在你的 git 项目中,自动创建 <code>backlog</code> 文件夹以及 .md 文件:</p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1022\" height=\"980\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250707235002@2x.avif\" alt=\"Backlog.md - 在 git 仓库中用 .md 生成并管理项目看板 40\" class=\"wp-image-52726\" title=\"Backlog.md - 在 git 仓库中用 .md 生成并管理项目看板 40\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250707235002@2x.avif 1022w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250707235002@2x-768x736.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1022px) 100vw, 1022px\" /></figure>\n\n\n\n<p>动起来是这样的:</p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video autoplay loop muted src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Backlog.md_.mp4\"></video></figure>\n\n\n\n<p>它还有一个网页模式 <code>backlog browser</code> 可以查看,并且这个网页还能像真的看板一样直接添加新任务、拖拽使用、实时更新:</p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"728\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/web.avif\" alt=\"Backlog.md - 在 git 仓库中用 .md 生成并管理项目看板 41\" class=\"wp-image-52728\" title=\"Backlog.md - 在 git 仓库中用 .md 生成并管理项目看板 41\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/web.avif 1280w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/web-768x437.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /></figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">主要特色</h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>任务全用 Markdown 文件保存</strong><br />每个任务就是一个独立的 .md 文件,内容随手编辑,查找、归档、版本回溯都靠 git,简单透明。</li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>终端+网页双模式看板</strong><br />支持命令行下直接看进度,也可以一键打开现代化 Web 看板,拖拽、分组、状态切换一应俱全。</li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>AI 助手集成</strong><br />命令行内置 AI 支持,可以让 AI 协助分配和跟进任务,省心省力。</li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>数据全在自己手里</strong><br />所有任务、协作信息都只保存在本地 git 仓库,不用担心隐私和断网问题,适合对数据安全有要求的团队。</li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>跨平台支持</strong><br />macOS、Linux、Windows 都能用,MIT 协议开源,个人、公司都能免费用。</li>\n</ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">获取</h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https://github.com/MrLesk/Backlog.md\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GitHub</a></li>\n</ul>\n\n\n\n<p>感兴趣的开发者快去试试吧。</p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"/>\n\n\n\n<p>原文:https://www.appinn.com/backlog-md/</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.appinn.com/backlog-md/\">[ 点击前往获取链接 ]</a></p><hr/>",
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"title": "DockFlow – 分组切换 Mac 程序坞",
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"title": "Daily Sparks – 在 iPhone 屏幕上显示重要的事,并不断重复",
"description": "Daily Sparks 是一款简单、小巧的免费 iPhone 应用,只有 2.7 MB,它通过桌面小组件的方式,显示重要的事情。甚至还能设置每日 16 次提醒通知,让重要的事情变成真的重要。@App ",
"content": "\n<p><strong>Daily Sparks</strong> 是一款简单、小巧的免费 iPhone 应用,只有 2.7 MB,它通过桌面小组件的方式,显示重要的事情。甚至还能设置每日 16 次提醒通知,让重要的事情变成真的重要。@<a href=\"https://www.appinn.com/daily-sparks/\">Appinn</a></p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1608\" height=\"700\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-06T145659.186.jpg\" alt=\"Daily Sparks - 在 iPhone 屏幕上显示重要的事,并不断重复 55\" class=\"wp-image-52693\" title=\"Daily Sparks - 在 iPhone 屏幕上显示重要的事,并不断重复 55\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-06T145659.186.jpg 1608w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-06T145659.186-768x334.jpg 768w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-06T145659.186-1536x669.jpg 1536w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-06T145659.186-804x350.jpg 804w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1608px) 100vw, 1608px\" /></figure>\n\n\n\n<p>青小蛙觉得,开发者的本意,是保存你最喜欢的语录,并不断的显示在屏幕上。</p>\n\n\n\n<p>但不断的重复,最终会成为你真正重要的事情。</p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1549\" height=\"1157\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/photo_2025-07-06_14-40-32.avif\" alt=\"Daily Sparks - 在 iPhone 屏幕上显示重要的事,并不断重复 56\" class=\"wp-image-52690\" title=\"Daily Sparks - 在 iPhone 屏幕上显示重要的事,并不断重复 56\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/photo_2025-07-06_14-40-32.avif 1549w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/photo_2025-07-06_14-40-32-768x574.jpg 768w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/photo_2025-07-06_14-40-32-1536x1147.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1549px) 100vw, 1549px\" /></figure>\n\n\n\n<p>所以除了鸡汤语录,完全可以把重要的事情添加到这里,让它不断的提醒你。</p>\n\n\n\n<p>甚至,开发者还提供了每次最多 16 次的提醒,再次、不断的重复重要的事情。</p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"759\" height=\"1448\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/photo_2025-07-06_14-44-32.avif\" alt=\"Daily Sparks - 在 iPhone 屏幕上显示重要的事,并不断重复 57\" class=\"wp-image-52691\" style=\"width:442px;height:auto\" title=\"Daily Sparks - 在 iPhone 屏幕上显示重要的事,并不断重复 57\"></figure></div>\n\n\n<p>不过,以青小蛙测试的大概1个小时内,还没看到通知,也不知道这个16次通知,是如何推送的,可别大半夜不停来扰啊 <img src=\"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/15.1.0/72x72/1f602.png\" alt=\"😂\" class=\"wp-smiley\" style=\"height: 1em; max-height: 1em;\" /></p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">获取</h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https://apps.apple.com/cn/app/daily-sparks/id1080150260?utm_source=appinn.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">App Store</a></li>\n</ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"/>\n\n\n\n<p>原文:https://www.appinn.com/daily-sparks/</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.appinn.com/daily-sparks/\">[ 点击前往获取链接 ]</a></p><hr/>",
"category": "iOS",
"link": "https://www.appinn.com/daily-sparks/",
"creator": "青小蛙",
"pubDate": "Sun, 06 Jul 2025 06:59:30 +0000",
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"title": "识人用人的艺术:水镜先生为什么只给刘备推荐诸葛亮和庞统,而不推荐司马懿?",
"description": "<div><div><div class=\"rich_media_content\" id=\"js_content\"><section style=\"margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><section style=\"display: none;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><section style=\"display: none;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><section style=\"display: none;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><section style=\"display: none;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><section style=\"display: none;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><section style=\"display: none;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><section style=\"display: none;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><section style=\"display: none;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><section style=\"display: none;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><section style=\"display: none;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><section style=\"display: none;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><section style=\"display: none;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><section style=\"display: none;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><section style=\"display: none;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><section style=\"display: none;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><section style=\"display: none;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><section style=\"display: none;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><section style=\"display: none;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"white-space: normal; text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJxdXiby5XB2BE6S0ulr9Fs213uZ85nlxAalcgRcLFiaSVdOVlrtCZRibIw/640?wx_fmt=gif\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></section><section style=\"white-space: normal; text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span><br /></span></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4TzvMFHdy5H2gOlK5amUNGz9xKv5X40Fcs6m2snt9xmQ98FuLsK8608mOac4FRHK0rB7KpzMhuVg/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\"><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\"><section><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\"><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\"><section><span><span><br /></span></span></section><section><span><span>本 文 约 4590 字</span></span></section><section><span style=\"color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px;\"><span>阅 读 需 要 13 分钟</span></span></section><section><span style=\"color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px;\"><span> </span></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style=\"text-align: left; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span><br /></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span>刘备在荆州时,遇到了一位上通天文、下晓地理,精通奇门遁甲、阴阳五行、兵书战策的高人——水镜先生司马徽。</span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span>司马徽向刘备推荐了自己的两个弟子——诸葛亮和Line truncated
@@ -1674,28 +1520,6 @@
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"title": "Beijing registers first high-temperature day of 2025",
"description": "<div><div><p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/20/16687656342828036452.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>A resident uses an umbrella to block the sun during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p> <p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/40/3548850143781232288.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>A resident uses an umbrella to block the sun during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p> <p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/98/10966517081528407278.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>People take sun protection measures during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p> <p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/56/8542467418897210708.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>People take sun protection measures during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p> <p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/75/3400017695653677443.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>A citizen shops for watermelons to cool off during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p><p id='org_name'>Source: Ecns.cn</p></div></div>",
"content": "<div><div><p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/20/16687656342828036452.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>A resident uses an umbrella to block the sun during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p> <p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/40/3548850143781232288.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>A resident uses an umbrella to block the sun during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p> <p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/98/10966517081528407278.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>People take sun protection measures during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p> <p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/56/8542467418897210708.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>People take sun protection measures during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p> <p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/75/3400017695653677443.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>A citizen shops for watermelons to cool off during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p><p id='org_name'>Source: Ecns.cn</p></div></div>",
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"link": "http://english.people.com.cn/n3/2025/0605/c90000-20323922.html",
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"pubDate": "Thu, 05 Jun 2025 16:37:43 +0800",
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"title": "Chinese VP to attend UN Ocean Conference in France, visit Spain",
"description": "<div><div><p>BEIJING, June 5 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice President Han Zheng will attend the UN Ocean Conference in Nice, France and visit Spain upon invitation from June 7 to 13, a Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson announced on Thursday. </p><p id='org_name'>Source: Xinhua</p></div></div>",
@@ -1973,28 +1797,6 @@
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"title": "「卷又卷不动,躺又躺不平」?总是因为「放松」而感到自责,这是种怎样的心理?如何调节?",
"description": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-f927bfd1160033decbb9dc1f0c5e126b_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>「卷又卷不动,躺又躺不平」,以及因此为「放松」感到自责的心理,恰恰是我在《<a href=\"https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/1900847448211067390\">倾尽全力去「敷衍」</a>》一文中试图剖析的困境。这是一种被困在「得过且过者」和「拼命努力者」这两种无效模式之间的状态,其核心在于<strong>人们混淆了外部强加的「质量标尺」与自身真实的「偏好曲线」,并因此产生了不必要的内疚感</strong>。</p>\n<p>让我来解释一下这种心理:</p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>内化了「应该拼命」的社会规训</strong>: 社会、家长、老师从小就向我们灌输「你应该尽力做到最好」、「努力奋斗是一种美德」的观念。这种观念让你觉得,任何时候,只要没有在某个(往往是他人定义的)「质量标尺」上向右推进(即追求更高质量、更多产出),你就是在犯错,就是「不够好」。于是,「放松」这种在质量标尺上看起来是「停滞」甚至「倒退」的行为,自然会引发自责。你觉得自己在「浪费时间」,没有「尽力」。<br><br></li>\n<li><strong>对「卷」的无效性有所察觉,但又无法彻底「躺平」</strong>: 「卷又卷不动」意味着你可能已经意识到,像个「拼命努力者」一样,不问目标、不计成本地在某个质量标尺上盲目追求极致,往往是「做无用功」,投入巨大却可能偏离了你真正的需求,或者让你精疲力尽,难以为继。 然而,「躺又躺不平」则是因为你内心深处依然被那种「应该拼命」的规训所束缚,或者你无法完全抛弃所有目标。你害怕彻底的「得过且过」会让你一事无成,或者受到他人的负面评价。这种状态下,即使你尝试放松,内心那个「应该努力」的声音也不会停止,于是自责感便油然而生。<br><br></li>\n<li><strong>目标模糊,导致评价标准混乱</strong>: 当你因为放松而自责时,很可能你并没有清晰地定义自己「真正想要实现的目标」以及达成该目标所需的「质量目标」。你只是笼统地觉得「应该做得更多更好」。没有明确的目标,你就无法判断当前的「放松」是必要的休整(为了更高效地达成目标),还是真正的懈怠(偏离了目标)。</li>\n</ol>\n<p><strong>如何调节这种心理?关键在于采取我所说的「第三条路」——倾尽全力去「敷衍」:</strong></p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>明确你的真实目标</strong>: 首先,停下来,认真思考:对于你当前面对的任务或人生阶段,你<strong>真正</strong>想要的是什么?是为了拿到一个特定的证书?是为了学到某项具体技能?是为了维持一个舒适的生活水平?还是为了某个更宏大的理想?不要被社会或他人告诉你「应该」想要什么。<br><br></li>\n<li><strong>根据真实目标,设定清晰的「质量目标」</strong>: 一旦明确了真实目标,再据此设定一个<strong>恰到好处</strong>的质量目标。这个目标应该是「精确命中」,不多也不少。例如,如果你的目标只是通过一门考试,那么你的质量目标就是及格线,而不是完美无缺的满分。如果你的目标是学习知识,那么分数可能就不是最重要的,重要的是你是否吸收了你需要的信息。<br><br></li>\n<li><strong>以「最小代价」精确命中你的质量目标</strong>: 将你的精力和聪明才智用于「如何以最小的努力(时间、精力、资源)精确达成你设定的质量目标」。这本身就是一个有趣的优化问题。这包括了高效工作,也包括了必要的休息和放松,因为持续的疲劳会降低效率,反而增加达成目标的总代价。<br><br></li>\n<li><strong>重新定义「放松」的意义</strong>: 如果「放松」和「休息」是你为了以最小代价、可持续地达成你的真实目标所必需的环节,那么它就不是「浪费」,而是高效策略的一部分。就像一台机器需要保养才能更好地运转一样。这种情况下,因为必要的放松而自责是毫无道理的。<br><br></li>\n<li><strong>将完美主义导向「过程」而非「结果」</strong>: 如果你是个完美主义者,不要强迫自己去容忍低质量的产出(如果那确实低于你为自己设定的合理目标)。但是,你可以将你的完美主义倾向导向「以最小努力达成目标」这个<strong>过程</strong>。追求策略的完美、执行的完美、对沉没成本的果断放弃、以及对何时「恰到好处」的精准判断。<br><br></li>\n<li><strong>为「做无用功」而内疚,而非为「未达他人标准」而内Line truncated
"content": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-f927bfd1160033decbb9dc1f0c5e126b_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>「卷又卷不动,躺又躺不平」,以及因此为「放松」感到自责的心理,恰恰是我在《<a href=\"https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/1900847448211067390\">倾尽全力去「敷衍」</a>》一文中试图剖析的困境。这是一种被困在「得过且过者」和「拼命努力者」这两种无效模式之间的状态,其核心在于<strong>人们混淆了外部强加的「质量标尺」与自身真实的「偏好曲线」,并因此产生了不必要的内疚感</strong>。</p>\n<p>让我来解释一下这种心理:</p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>内化了「应该拼命」的社会规训</strong>: 社会、家长、老师从小就向我们灌输「你应该尽力做到最好」、「努力奋斗是一种美德」的观念。这种观念让你觉得,任何时候,只要没有在某个(往往是他人定义的)「质量标尺」上向右推进(即追求更高质量、更多产出),你就是在犯错,就是「不够好」。于是,「放松」这种在质量标尺上看起来是「停滞」甚至「倒退」的行为,自然会引发自责。你觉得自己在「浪费时间」,没有「尽力」。<br><br></li>\n<li><strong>对「卷」的无效性有所察觉,但又无法彻底「躺平」</strong>: 「卷又卷不动」意味着你可能已经意识到,像个「拼命努力者」一样,不问目标、不计成本地在某个质量标尺上盲目追求极致,往往是「做无用功」,投入巨大却可能偏离了你真正的需求,或者让你精疲力尽,难以为继。 然而,「躺又躺不平」则是因为你内心深处依然被那种「应该拼命」的规训所束缚,或者你无法完全抛弃所有目标。你害怕彻底的「得过且过」会让你一事无成,或者受到他人的负面评价。这种状态下,即使你尝试放松,内心那个「应该努力」的声音也不会停止,于是自责感便油然而生。<br><br></li>\n<li><strong>目标模糊,导致评价标准混乱</strong>: 当你因为放松而自责时,很可能你并没有清晰地定义自己「真正想要实现的目标」以及达成该目标所需的「质量目标」。你只是笼统地觉得「应该做得更多更好」。没有明确的目标,你就无法判断当前的「放松」是必要的休整(为了更高效地达成目标),还是真正的懈怠(偏离了目标)。</li>\n</ol>\n<p><strong>如何调节这种心理?关键在于采取我所说的「第三条路」——倾尽全力去「敷衍」:</strong></p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>明确你的真实目标</strong>: 首先,停下来,认真思考:对于你当前面对的任务或人生阶段,你<strong>真正</strong>想要的是什么?是为了拿到一个特定的证书?是为了学到某项具体技能?是为了维持一个舒适的生活水平?还是为了某个更宏大的理想?不要被社会或他人告诉你「应该」想要什么。<br><br></li>\n<li><strong>根据真实目标,设定清晰的「质量目标」</strong>: 一旦明确了真实目标,再据此设定一个<strong>恰到好处</strong>的质量目标。这个目标应该是「精确命中」,不多也不少。例如,如果你的目标只是通过一门考试,那么你的质量目标就是及格线,而不是完美无缺的满分。如果你的目标是学习知识,那么分数可能就不是最重要的,重要的是你是否吸收了你需要的信息。<br><br></li>\n<li><strong>以「最小代价」精确命中你的质量目标</strong>: 将你的精力和聪明才智用于「如何以最小的努力(时间、精力、资源)精确达成你设定的质量目标」。这本身就是一个有趣的优化问题。这包括了高效工作,也包括了必要的休息和放松,因为持续的疲劳会降低效率,反而增加达成目标的总代价。<br><br></li>\n<li><strong>重新定义「放松」的意义</strong>: 如果「放松」和「休息」是你为了以最小代价、可持续地达成你的真实目标所必需的环节,那么它就不是「浪费」,而是高效策略的一部分。就像一台机器需要保养才能更好地运转一样。这种情况下,因为必要的放松而自责是毫无道理的。<br><br></li>\n<li><strong>将完美主义导向「过程」而非「结果」</strong>: 如果你是个完美主义者,不要强迫自己去容忍低质量的产出(如果那确实低于你为自己设定的合理目标)。但是,你可以将你的完美主义倾向导向「以最小努力达成目标」这个<strong>过程</strong>。追求策略的完美、执行的完美、对沉没成本的果断放弃、以及对何时「恰到好处」的精准判断。<br><br></li>\n<li><strong>为「做无用功」而内疚,而非为「未达他人标准」而内疚</Line truncated
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"title": "为什么除了人类,哺乳动物拉屎的时间都是 12 秒?",
"description": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-891d51f0486e6a6c06efe79e693639c8_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p><strong>先说结论:人类也是 12 秒</strong></p>\n<p>所有哺乳动物,包括人类,排便时间都是 12 秒左右<sup>[1]</sup>。</p>\n<p>这是乔治亚理工学院的研究团队,花了好几年时间,跑遍动物园,收集了 34 种哺乳动物的粪便数据得出的结论。</p>\n<p>从猫咪到大象,23 个物种的排便时间都在 12±7 秒之间<sup>[2]</sup>。</p>\n<p>人类的速度?每秒 2 厘米。</p>\n<p>正好在狗(每秒 1 厘米)和大象(每秒 6 厘米)之间。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-1e47c34197e98209c9b36a998e4cf0f6_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>一只小猫,直肠长度 4 厘米。一头大象,直肠长度 40 厘米。体型差距 1000 倍。但排便时间?几乎一样。</p>\n<p>大象粪便体积 20 升,狗只有 10 毫升,相差近 1000 倍。</p>\n<p><strong>为什么</strong></p>\n<p>答案藏在一个你从未注意过的地方——大肠</p>\n<p>覆盖在大肠壁上的超薄黏液层,厚度只有头发丝般细微。</p>\n<p>科学家们怎么测量这么薄的东西?</p>\n<p>等粪便上的黏液蒸发,然后称重。就这么简单粗暴。但别小看这层黏液。它的黏度比粪便低 100 倍。</p>\n<p><strong>什么概念?</strong></p>\n<blockquote>想象粪便是厚重的蜂蜜。黏液就像水一样滑溜。<br>粪便在肠道里滑行,就像雪橇在冰道上飞驰。</blockquote>\n<p>这是作者的原话。</p>\n<p>大动物有更多粪便要排出。</p>\n<p>按常理,应该需要更长时间才对。但进化论说不给。</p>\n<p><strong>所以体型大的动物有更厚的黏液层。</strong></p>\n<blockquote>小动物黏液薄,但粪便也小。<br>大动物黏液厚,粪便虽大但滑得更快。</blockquote>\n<p>结果完成时间一样。</p>\n<p>大动物用同样的压力,却能达到更高的排便速度。</p>\n<p>这就是为什么大象能以每秒 6 厘米的速度飞速完成任务,而小狗只能慢慢悠悠每秒 1 厘米。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-dda02fb984e87b1ca431234e7e5dccf3_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>我们人类完全符合这个规律。</p>\n<blockquote>研究者明确指出,人类和大象、猫咪一样,都排出圆柱形粪便,遵循相同的物理定律。</blockquote>\n<p>人类排便速度每秒 2 厘米,恰好处在狗和大象之间。</p>\n<p>我们的直肠长度、黏液厚度、排便压力,都完美契合这个 12 秒公式。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-ca0e7b15f6f01ab5aa3c188653584106_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>这项研究不是随便测几个动物就下结论。</strong></p>\n<p><strong>研究团队跑到亚特兰大动物园,亲自拍摄大象、大熊猫、疣猪的排便过程。</strong></p>\n<p>还在公园里偷偷观察狗狗。</p>\n<p>他们还用“流变仪”——一种精密搅拌器,可以测量粪便的密度和黏度。</p>\n<p><strong>顺便发现了:食肉动物的粪便是“沉底派”,食草动物的是“漂浮派”。</strong></p>\n<p><strong>还给粪便臭味排了个名:老虎和犀牛最臭,熊猫最“香”。</strong></p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-a64931e4b9292c560fe63a57f7fb6bbf_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>研究团队建立了一个数学模型。</p>\n<blockquote>排便时间 = 粪便长度 ÷ 排便速度。</blockquote>\n<p>粪便长度是直肠长度的两倍,说明不仅直肠,连结肠都在储存粪便。</p>\n<p>排便时,粪便像固体栓塞一样整体移动。</p>\n<p>大部分哺乳动物的直肠都是水平的,所以重力作用可以忽略。</p>\n<p>一切都靠肌肉压力和黏液润滑。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-df16cb09030ddd8e25fd10b628e06cc3_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>腹泻时会怎样?</strong></p>\n<p>研究团队计算出,一个 70 公斤的成年人腹泻时只需要 0.5 秒就能完成。</p>\n<p>因为此时不需要肌肉用力,重力就够了。</p>\n<p><strong>便秘呢?</strong></p>\n<p>最严重情况下,可能需要 6 小时才能完成。因为黏液被吸收,失去润滑作用。</p>\n<p>但实际上肠壁会变形帮助推进,时间不会这么长。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-b6242175cd9bfb015a809992f890aa36_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>你可能觉得这种研究很无聊。</strong></p>\n<p>错了。</p>\n<p><strong>这些排便数据帮助设计了宇航员专用尿布,在 NASA 太空排便挑战赛闯到最后一关。。</strong></p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-988dcd692b1a13fe91edcbf154f53e62_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>理解黏液的作用Line truncated
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{
"title": "人们对动物有哪些常见的「误解」?",
"description": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-129d67e128911fe2f0c59c99c5d6918c_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>目前写了这么多科普以来,大家误会最多的就是“拟态”。甚至有不少人把“拟态”当做神创论的解释。</p>\n<p>不如今天就再来好好讲讲拟态吧!</p>\n<p>这是一坨鸟屎:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-5b1b19e328a83707df3b3a91454e7d3b_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>啊不对,其实是台湾铃钩蛾(Macrocilix taiwana),伪装成鸟粪色调的斑点。</p>\n<p>但是可以看出这个鸟屎的画法还略微有些幼稚。</p>\n<p>我们可以“画”得更好一点:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-959d05c7e54c73741c87bbd0e5607234_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>同为<strong>狗屎蛾属</strong>,哦不对,是<strong>铃钩蛾属</strong>的宽铃钩蛾 Macrocilix maia 就更进一步,不但拟态了鸟屎,连鸟屎上面的苍蝇都拟态出来了,嗯,这是一只很有味道的蛾子。</p>\n<p>同属的其他蛾子也差不多是这个屎样。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-0988ccc2b0cac667d7b72e7f145a7f46_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>铃钩蛾 Macrocilix mysticata </figcaption></figure>\n<p>可以看出这个属的蛾子模仿鸟屎还是比较有心得的。</p>\n<p>不过这些个屎蛾子只能做出点 2d 的拟态。</p>\n<p><strong>柑橘凤蝶幼虫则十分厉害,能拟态 3D 形状的鸟屎:</strong></p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-0dd98bf19059e4e635550467b1641642_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>刚开始一龄到四龄幼虫的时候模仿鸟屎是没什么问题的,但是当柑橘凤蝶幼虫长到 5 龄幼虫的时候,问题就来了。</p>\n<p>这个时候的幼虫体长有 4cm!而它所处的环境里:</p>\n<p><strong>没有鸟!!能拉这么大一!坨!屎!</strong></p>\n<p>所以它不得不改变策略,变成绿色,拟态小青蛇:</p>\n<p>后胸背两侧有眼状斑纹,腹部有黑色斜纹和白色斑点,并具橙黄色臭腺角(受惊时可伸出散发气味),就像蛇吐信子一样。</p>\n<p>当然最后的蝴蝶形态是黑白相间的,跟幼虫时的颜色没有任何关系,毕竟是完全变态昆虫。</p>\n<p>另外还有个非常有趣的点,动物拟态植物的时候不仅外貌特别像,而动作也要一致。</p>\n<p>模拟植物最常见最出名的应该就是各种螽斯了:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-2fc6a318942d13cff4bc8881ea531b32_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>这是亚马逊丛林的螽斯 Acropsis tectiformis,看狐主任手上这一只:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-5f23dfcce4a78100255afd155658aa73_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>叶脉都拟态得十分清晰。(每只形状略有差异)</p>\n<p>还有枯叶系的螽斯:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-99b2b4df8adbc13b989f4f74ea1d0a2f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>可以说是达到以假乱真的地步。</p>\n<p>但是还没完,刚才说了,光是像还不行,步态也得跟植物一致。</p>\n<p>比如我们常见的竹节虫:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-05a0e832c806eb4383e975c1013d843e_720w.gif?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>你会发现:诶,竹节虫怎么摇摇晃晃的,是不是因为太细了所以下肢力量不稳啊?</p>\n<p>其实不是的,大多数拟态成树枝、树叶的动物都有类似的步态,因为这是树叶树枝被风吹动的时候摇晃的姿态,如果用正常昆虫或者其他动物走路的姿势容易露馅。</p>\n<p>比如平时是绿色的变色龙(拟态树叶),走路的时候也要模拟这样摇晃的步态:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-6406413d7c245be89b6e15e9a99447fa_720w.gif?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>为什么说这种步态是对树叶的拟态?因为其实变色龙着急早八的时候也是会跑的:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-177051dd8978be534deffebde0f951de_720w.gif?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>又比如花纹长得像树叶的丘鹬:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-c14ef5c6d28e9f71e3c0c2e7f478f1ba_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>bingo,也是一样的步态:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-3454a1ae7d81a0b261c2fe66104401f5_720w.gif?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>说到这里你可能觉得我越描越黑了,这些精准的拟态怎么看都不像是自然进化的而是被设计的吧?</p>\n<p>其实不然。</p>\n<p>让我们回到生物课本,看看桦尺蠖的故事:</p>\n<blockquote>英国的曼彻斯特地区有一种桦尺蠖,它们白天栖息在树干上,夜间出来活动。该地区原来树木茂盛,Line truncated
"content": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-129d67e128911fe2f0c59c99c5d6918c_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>目前写了这么多科普以来,大家误会最多的就是“拟态”。甚至有不少人把“拟态”当做神创论的解释。</p>\n<p>不如今天就再来好好讲讲拟态吧!</p>\n<p>这是一坨鸟屎:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-5b1b19e328a83707df3b3a91454e7d3b_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>啊不对,其实是台湾铃钩蛾(Macrocilix taiwana),伪装成鸟粪色调的斑点。</p>\n<p>但是可以看出这个鸟屎的画法还略微有些幼稚。</p>\n<p>我们可以“画”得更好一点:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-959d05c7e54c73741c87bbd0e5607234_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>同为<strong>狗屎蛾属</strong>,哦不对,是<strong>铃钩蛾属</strong>的宽铃钩蛾 Macrocilix maia 就更进一步,不但拟态了鸟屎,连鸟屎上面的苍蝇都拟态出来了,嗯,这是一只很有味道的蛾子。</p>\n<p>同属的其他蛾子也差不多是这个屎样。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-0988ccc2b0cac667d7b72e7f145a7f46_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>铃钩蛾 Macrocilix mysticata </figcaption></figure>\n<p>可以看出这个属的蛾子模仿鸟屎还是比较有心得的。</p>\n<p>不过这些个屎蛾子只能做出点 2d 的拟态。</p>\n<p><strong>柑橘凤蝶幼虫则十分厉害,能拟态 3D 形状的鸟屎:</strong></p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-0dd98bf19059e4e635550467b1641642_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>刚开始一龄到四龄幼虫的时候模仿鸟屎是没什么问题的,但是当柑橘凤蝶幼虫长到 5 龄幼虫的时候,问题就来了。</p>\n<p>这个时候的幼虫体长有 4cm!而它所处的环境里:</p>\n<p><strong>没有鸟!!能拉这么大一!坨!屎!</strong></p>\n<p>所以它不得不改变策略,变成绿色,拟态小青蛇:</p>\n<p>后胸背两侧有眼状斑纹,腹部有黑色斜纹和白色斑点,并具橙黄色臭腺角(受惊时可伸出散发气味),就像蛇吐信子一样。</p>\n<p>当然最后的蝴蝶形态是黑白相间的,跟幼虫时的颜色没有任何关系,毕竟是完全变态昆虫。</p>\n<p>另外还有个非常有趣的点,动物拟态植物的时候不仅外貌特别像,而动作也要一致。</p>\n<p>模拟植物最常见最出名的应该就是各种螽斯了:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-2fc6a318942d13cff4bc8881ea531b32_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>这是亚马逊丛林的螽斯 Acropsis tectiformis,看狐主任手上这一只:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-5f23dfcce4a78100255afd155658aa73_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>叶脉都拟态得十分清晰。(每只形状略有差异)</p>\n<p>还有枯叶系的螽斯:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-99b2b4df8adbc13b989f4f74ea1d0a2f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>可以说是达到以假乱真的地步。</p>\n<p>但是还没完,刚才说了,光是像还不行,步态也得跟植物一致。</p>\n<p>比如我们常见的竹节虫:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-05a0e832c806eb4383e975c1013d843e_720w.gif?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>你会发现:诶,竹节虫怎么摇摇晃晃的,是不是因为太细了所以下肢力量不稳啊?</p>\n<p>其实不是的,大多数拟态成树枝、树叶的动物都有类似的步态,因为这是树叶树枝被风吹动的时候摇晃的姿态,如果用正常昆虫或者其他动物走路的姿势容易露馅。</p>\n<p>比如平时是绿色的变色龙(拟态树叶),走路的时候也要模拟这样摇晃的步态:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-6406413d7c245be89b6e15e9a99447fa_720w.gif?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>为什么说这种步态是对树叶的拟态?因为其实变色龙着急早八的时候也是会跑的:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-177051dd8978be534deffebde0f951de_720w.gif?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>又比如花纹长得像树叶的丘鹬:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-c14ef5c6d28e9f71e3c0c2e7f478f1ba_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>bingo,也是一样的步态:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-3454a1ae7d81a0b261c2fe66104401f5_720w.gif?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>说到这里你可能觉得我越描越黑了,这些精准的拟态怎么看都不像是自然进化的而是被设计的吧?</p>\n<p>其实不然。</p>\n<p>让我们回到生物课本,看看桦尺蠖的故事:</p>\n<blockquote>英国的曼彻斯特地区有一种桦尺蠖,它们白天栖息在树干上,夜间出来活动。该地区原来树木茂盛,树Line truncated
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"link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9782468",
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"pubDate": "Fri, 11 Jul 2025 08:27:02 +0800",
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{
"title": "古人是如何知道矿石能够炼铁炼铜的?",
"description": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-18c50f5a67200de03e7cca2bef5ff2f6_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>一直在做古代金属器科技史的科普和研学,这个问题本来也是一些场合我做线下科普的开场介绍部分,在这里赘述一番:</p>\n<p>古人与金属矿石打交道的时间很久远,比通常想象的更久远,要以万计,早于大家认知的文明史;</p>\n<p>同样的,古人对金属矿和金属器的认认知,也比通常想象的更缓慢,即便是认知速度相对飞快的古代中国。</p>\n<p>可以先放下我们作为现代人,对金属有着或多或少的认知。</p>\n<p>金属矿石,首先也是石。</p>\n<hr>\n<p>因此这个问题最早可以上溯到旧石器时代,人类对不同石头的挑选和改造。</p>\n<p>这里就出现了人类最早可以认知的第一类金属器:</p>\n<p><strong><strong>天然形成的自然金属</strong></strong></p>\n<p>一个显而易见的事实是,这些自然金属对于古人类而言,是一类特殊的石头。</p>\n<p>这一金属类型非常有限,大致分两大类:</p>\n<p>其中一类极为罕见,来自外太空,比如天然铁,尽管地球的铁元素非常丰富,但地表没有能形成自然铁的环境。</p>\n<p>只有一种罕见来源——铁陨石。</p>\n<p>北美原住民(被称作印第安人)就使用陨铁制作铁器。下图是一片陨铁,上面有原始加工痕迹,被有些学者认为是附近 2000 年前墓葬内铁器的来源。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-6411ea2a72bf5f3b41888eb9489d8d61_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>著名的此类物件,如出土自图坦卡蒙墓的铁匕首,就由铁陨石制成,并不代表当时古埃及拥有锻铁的技术,时间约 3300BCE</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-da0c37732aa20b41912f19633cfcd488_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>埃及博物馆图</figcaption></figure>\n<p>另一类是化学性质不活泼的贵金属,比如自然铂、金、银、铜。</p>\n<p>比如天然富集的大块金,又被称作狗头金</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-2887a4c23069c17e22c0cb3b2111b8bb_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>纯度高的金属,硬度普遍不足,但性质稳定、总量稀少,因此主要有两大用途:</p>\n<p>一是作为货币;二是作为装饰。</p>\n<p><strong>自然铜</strong></p>\n<p>铜在这里首次出场。</p>\n<p>人类最开始对铜的使用,从现有的考古学证据来看,就是自然铜。</p>\n<p>而限制早期人类使用自然铜的主要因素是地域分布和地表储量。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-5cc5c06e5508e8bf609ea996fdb345a0_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>自然铜</figcaption></figure>\n<p>这一年限可以非常早,可能随着更多考古新发现继续往前推:</p>\n<p>例如,在对北美古铜器的铅同位素比对(这是另一个很大的议题,这里不展开)以及 C14 测年显示,北美原住民(被称作印第安人)在 9500 年前就开始利用自然铜,但在 5000 年前中止了。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-b75106f289b72021c0119f7ac1cc0714_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>现代科学家根据出土物仿制的投掷器锥形铜尖</figcaption></figure>\n<p>这一结论打破了此前一些学者认为的,进入金属器历史后不会再退回石器的思维。</p>\n<p>其实,仅仅使用自然铜的情况下,如前文所言,自然铜只会被认为是诸多石材之中的一种。在金属硬度并不显著的情况下,自然铜被其他石材替代是可以理解的。</p>\n<p>这是新大陆的情况,而在旧大陆,人们对自然铜的应用历史同样悠久,并进一步形成了对金属器的一系列热锻加工。</p>\n<p><strong>低温冶炼金属</strong></p>\n<p>天然形成金属的量是非常有限的,但有另一颗科技树,可以获得金属——高温。</p>\n<p>并非高温的火堆就能还原金属。</p>\n<p>高温氛围必须分氧化性氛围和还原性氛围,而冶炼金属必须是还原性氛围。</p>\n<p><strong>还原性氛围</strong></p>\n<p>这里就牵扯到另一个与冶炼共用部分科技树的领域——陶瓷。</p>\n<p>熟悉我国古代陶器的读者们知道,陶器有不同的颜色:比如仰韶文化、马家窑文化时期等流行的红陶、还有龙山文化时期流行的灰陶。</p>\n<p>类似的,大家会看到,明清时期很多城墙房屋使用青砖、而 20 世纪我国的建筑以红砖为主。</p>\n<p>这里面其实就与氧化性氛围和还原性氛围有关。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-d3550dd82a6dc5fd2ea6488672022784_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>马家窑文化红陶彩陶(左)、龙山文化灰陶蛋壳陶(右)</figLine truncated
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"title": "光子在水中减速的本质是什么?",
"description": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-aeeb0078151e9a7921e90401263705ea_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>光在介质中并没有减速。</p>\n<p>你会想:不对呀,你懂不懂啊,当光进入介质时,其传播速度会低于真空光速 ( c ),光速约为</p>\n<p><code>c/n</code></p>\n<p>,其中 n 是折射率。怎么能说光没减速呢?</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-4cdd3ffcb2cf12266f943972bdc93a56_720w.gif?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>嗯,这种“减速”,并不是光子本身速度的改变,而是光波在介质中的相速度(phase velocity)减小了。关于相速度,费曼已经讲得很清楚了,我就不重复了。</p>\n<p>(以下不专门说水这种介质,只笼统一先说一下减速,关于水的话,等我周一再更,可先参考 <a href=\"http://www.zhihu.com/people/65405c3288c90f048b0b247bcb2d0189\">@洗芝溪</a> 的回答)</p>\n<p>大家上网也不是为了看公式的,我就用文字来简单描述一下吧。</p>\n<p>首先,让我们不要把光子看成一个个小球,而是波,是的光是一种电磁波。当这种波进入介质后,它的电场就会与介质中的带电粒子(主要是电子)和原子发生相互作用,电子会被光波的电场激发,产生振荡。这些振荡的电子又会发射次级电磁波,这些次级波与原始光波叠加,形成一个新的波前。这个新波前的传播速度(即相速度)低于真空光速。</p>\n<p>基于这个思路,有物理学家提出了吸收 - 再辐射经典假说。即原子中的电子吸收光子后进入更高的能级,然后当回到正常能级时重新发射出光子。(看到这里就点踩反对的,希望你先能读完全文哈)</p>\n<p>打个比方。</p>\n<p>这就像你在跑道上跑步,你的速度恒定,就假设为 x 吧。 现在,你不在跑道上跑了,而是去商业街的步道上跑,你每路过一个商店都要进去兜一圈儿<sup>[1]</sup>,然后再出来继续跑。你的跑步速度仍然是 x,但你跑同样长度的步道用时更久了。</p>\n<p>光子的吸收和发射之间所需的时间,决定了光在介质中移动有多快。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-9002ef67a29aaef1ae3e0eee3cb52261_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>这么说来,再辐射出来的还是原来的光子么?</p>\n<p>光子是全部一样一样儿的,讨论它们前后是不是同一个光子,是没有物理意义的。</p>\n<p>这也解释了,为什么光子从介质中出来,又会“加速”。实际上它并没有加速,它只不过没有那么多商店需要去兜了而已。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-89fe3d1280548b12d21c29ec97f05b03_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>没什么问题?那就到此为止吧。</strong></p>\n<p>好了,如果你看懂了上面这些比喻和解释,</p>\n<p>认为你得到了答案,很满意,</p>\n<p>那么我建议你就读到这里吧。</p>\n<p>因为接下来的解释会有一点难。</p>\n<p>虽然我一直以来都希望能用所有人都能看懂的通俗比喻来解释复杂的概念,但微观物理有时就是反直觉的,所以如果你看完上面的解释却产生了疑问,那么就可以试着继续读下去。</p>\n<p><strong>前面提到的吸收 - 再辐射经典假说,有 2 个逃避不了的问题。</strong></p>\n<p>一个是,这种“逛商店再出来”的行为,应当是一种随机的,换句话说,当一束光进入介质后,进多少个商店(与多少个原子互动)然后再出来应该是随机的(当然要符合动量守恒),那么光从一端到另一端的延迟就应该是(在一定范围内)随机的。但我们每次测量光穿过介质的速度,都是固定的。X</p>\n<p>还有一个问题,就是我们已经知道,特定的原子倾向于吸收特定频率的光,这是实验证实的。这样的话,介质的折射率,应该是针对特定波长的,或者笼统地说,有的波长的光有折射,有的波长没有折射。但实际观测表明,这一点也并不完全成立(注意这里与“折射率与波长成反比”的区别)。X</p>\n<p><strong>一种打补丁的解释</strong></p>\n<p>为了解决上述的 2 个问题,物理学家就开始打补丁了。</p>\n<p>于是,一个更好一点的解释出炉了。</p>\n<p>当光进入介质后,光作为电磁波,会与原子中的带电粒子(主要是电子)相作用(这和前面还没什么区别)。在光这种电磁波的作用下,介质中的电子等带电荷的粒子,会开始更加疯狂地抖动起来,就像一个个 dancer 听到心水的电子音乐就变得更 High 了一样。当这些带电荷的粒子开始疯狂抖动时,就会产生电磁波。</p>\n<p>每个被照射到的原子,都会发生这一反应,产生属于Line truncated
"content": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-aeeb0078151e9a7921e90401263705ea_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>光在介质中并没有减速。</p>\n<p>你会想:不对呀,你懂不懂啊,当光进入介质时,其传播速度会低于真空光速 ( c ),光速约为</p>\n<p><code>c/n</code></p>\n<p>,其中 n 是折射率。怎么能说光没减速呢?</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-4cdd3ffcb2cf12266f943972bdc93a56_720w.gif?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>嗯,这种“减速”,并不是光子本身速度的改变,而是光波在介质中的相速度(phase velocity)减小了。关于相速度,费曼已经讲得很清楚了,我就不重复了。</p>\n<p>(以下不专门说水这种介质,只笼统一先说一下减速,关于水的话,等我周一再更,可先参考 <a href=\"http://www.zhihu.com/people/65405c3288c90f048b0b247bcb2d0189\">@洗芝溪</a> 的回答)</p>\n<p>大家上网也不是为了看公式的,我就用文字来简单描述一下吧。</p>\n<p>首先,让我们不要把光子看成一个个小球,而是波,是的光是一种电磁波。当这种波进入介质后,它的电场就会与介质中的带电粒子(主要是电子)和原子发生相互作用,电子会被光波的电场激发,产生振荡。这些振荡的电子又会发射次级电磁波,这些次级波与原始光波叠加,形成一个新的波前。这个新波前的传播速度(即相速度)低于真空光速。</p>\n<p>基于这个思路,有物理学家提出了吸收 - 再辐射经典假说。即原子中的电子吸收光子后进入更高的能级,然后当回到正常能级时重新发射出光子。(看到这里就点踩反对的,希望你先能读完全文哈)</p>\n<p>打个比方。</p>\n<p>这就像你在跑道上跑步,你的速度恒定,就假设为 x 吧。 现在,你不在跑道上跑了,而是去商业街的步道上跑,你每路过一个商店都要进去兜一圈儿<sup>[1]</sup>,然后再出来继续跑。你的跑步速度仍然是 x,但你跑同样长度的步道用时更久了。</p>\n<p>光子的吸收和发射之间所需的时间,决定了光在介质中移动有多快。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-9002ef67a29aaef1ae3e0eee3cb52261_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>这么说来,再辐射出来的还是原来的光子么?</p>\n<p>光子是全部一样一样儿的,讨论它们前后是不是同一个光子,是没有物理意义的。</p>\n<p>这也解释了,为什么光子从介质中出来,又会“加速”。实际上它并没有加速,它只不过没有那么多商店需要去兜了而已。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-89fe3d1280548b12d21c29ec97f05b03_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>没什么问题?那就到此为止吧。</strong></p>\n<p>好了,如果你看懂了上面这些比喻和解释,</p>\n<p>认为你得到了答案,很满意,</p>\n<p>那么我建议你就读到这里吧。</p>\n<p>因为接下来的解释会有一点难。</p>\n<p>虽然我一直以来都希望能用所有人都能看懂的通俗比喻来解释复杂的概念,但微观物理有时就是反直觉的,所以如果你看完上面的解释却产生了疑问,那么就可以试着继续读下去。</p>\n<p><strong>前面提到的吸收 - 再辐射经典假说,有 2 个逃避不了的问题。</strong></p>\n<p>一个是,这种“逛商店再出来”的行为,应当是一种随机的,换句话说,当一束光进入介质后,进多少个商店(与多少个原子互动)然后再出来应该是随机的(当然要符合动量守恒),那么光从一端到另一端的延迟就应该是(在一定范围内)随机的。但我们每次测量光穿过介质的速度,都是固定的。X</p>\n<p>还有一个问题,就是我们已经知道,特定的原子倾向于吸收特定频率的光,这是实验证实的。这样的话,介质的折射率,应该是针对特定波长的,或者笼统地说,有的波长的光有折射,有的波长没有折射。但实际观测表明,这一点也并不完全成立(注意这里与“折射率与波长成反比”的区别)。X</p>\n<p><strong>一种打补丁的解释</strong></p>\n<p>为了解决上述的 2 个问题,物理学家就开始打补丁了。</p>\n<p>于是,一个更好一点的解释出炉了。</p>\n<p>当光进入介质后,光作为电磁波,会与原子中的带电粒子(主要是电子)相作用(这和前面还没什么区别)。在光这种电磁波的作用下,介质中的电子等带电荷的粒子,会开始更加疯狂地抖动起来,就像一个个 dancer 听到心水的电子音乐就变得更 High 了一样。当这些带电荷的粒子开始疯狂抖动时,就会产生电磁波。</p>\n<p>每个被照射到的原子,都会发生这一反应,产生属于自Line truncated
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"pubDate": "Thu, 10 Jul 2025 08:27:02 +0800",
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"title": "航天飞机为什么被淘汰?",
"description": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-76fed30f10beac07dc1504820516242c_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>如果这问题用“航天飞机”表示美国太空运输系统 Space Transportation System(以下称为 STS),那么其退役的主要原因是成本过高、安全性不足、维护困难。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-4ae95521eddcd76d0db2ad82bc0810ab_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>STS. 拍摄者:Caryn Bohn</figcaption></figure>\n<p>“航天飞机”一词表示水平着陆的、可重复使用的航天器,不限于 STS。现存的无人驾驶航天飞机可以完成一些任务,主要是科学和军事任务。今后,人们或许还会制造更多的航天飞机。</p>\n<p>历史上,STS 曾自称在以下方面超越运载火箭:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>重复使用</strong>。STS 计划起初吹嘘每架轨道飞行器可以复用 100 次,理论上比“为每次任务建造新航天器”便宜。在第一次发射前,STS 计划承诺“大大降低太空飞行的成本”。</li>\n<li><strong>载荷能力</strong>。可以运送 7 名航天员,可以发射·维修大型卫星、空间站结构、空间望远镜等,执行需要大量人员、物资的任务——必要时也包括“攻击敌人的航天器”、“将核弹丢在敌国”,尽管弹道导弹更擅长投送核弹。</li>\n<li><strong>特殊设备</strong>。STS 的机械臂等设备可帮助航天员执行相对复杂的舱外工作,在修复哈勃空间望远镜时声称“只有 STS 做得到”。</li>\n</ul>\n<p>后来,人们发现 STS 有以下问题:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>成本高昂</strong>。“重复使用”和“载荷能力”建立在昂贵的运行成本、维护成本、发射成本上,1972 年概算每磅有效载荷的成本按通货膨胀合 2012 年 1109 美元,实际上在不考虑研究与开发费用的情况下每磅有效载荷的成本高达 2012 年的 37207 美元,<em>超额 3255%</em>;STS 计划主任罗伯特·汤普森承认,后来设计阶段的主要目标“不包含降低造价”,因为“降低成本会导致其他技术要求无法满足”。1982 年,NASA 估算 STS 每次飞行花费 2.6 亿美元,估算时声称每年要发射 24 次、持续十年。实际上,STS 到退役共发射 135 次,平均每次发射耗资 16.42 亿美元。</li>\n<li><strong>过于复杂</strong>。STS 的“关键部件”数量众多,增加维护成本、延长维护时间、降低可行的发射频率和复用次数。轨道飞行器每次降落后要花 3 到 7 个月进行拆卸、检查、翻新,需要大量熟悉它的工作人员。STS 使用的多项技术,包括引擎,从未达到起初预想的水平。随着时间流逝,工作人员换代进一步降低 STS 的可维护性。</li>\n<li><strong>安全性差</strong>。1986 年挑战者号失事、2003 年哥伦比亚号失事造成大量航天员死亡,调查显示两次失事都归因于设计缺陷和安全管理问题,O 形环被腐蚀的事情发生过数次、没有引起足够关注,破坏哥伦比亚号隔热层的泡沫塑料块本就没必要安装、之前就曾脱落并砸到轨道飞行器上。STS 计划起初宣传事故率约 1/100000,失事后调查发现 STS 早期发射时发生“灾难性事故”的概率高达 1/9。后期经过改进,STS 的“灾难性事故”概率下降到约 1/90。美国找不到给 STS 配置有效的紧急逃生系统的方法。</li>\n</ul>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-52c41c5248f3327e0e2fc560af493b0c_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>挑战者号点火后 58.788 秒,右侧固体助推器出现羽流</figcaption></figure>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-ef5311c30a996e47c9d3512e7be9dcac_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>挑战者号失事</figcaption></figure>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-330251f37d6d604631cbe9d676e31f3f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>哥伦比亚号失事</figcaption></figure>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>必要性低</strong>。NASA 起初将 STS 的主要任务设为部署卫星,<em>给出的报价低于成本</em>,但一次性运载火箭的快速进步让用 STS 赔本发射卫星的吸引力仍然不足。轨道飞行器的死重对有效载荷的限制无法处理。用 STS 为轨道上的大部分卫星进行维护、加注燃料比用一次性火箭发射一个执行相同任务的新卫星还要贵,何况新卫星能够使用新技术提高效能。在挑战者号失事后,NASA 修改了 STS 的任务安排,缓解了这个问题。</li>\n</ul>\n<p>——从诞生到退役,STS 进行了 135 次发射,发生 2 次重大事故,死亡 14 人。轨道飞行器的最大复用次数为 39(发现号)。STS 的主发动机号称可以复用 55 次,实际上平均复用了约 7.8 次。</p>\n<p>苏联“暴风雪”号航天Line truncated
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"title": "为什么小青柠用糖腌制了一段时间后会有种很浓烈的花椒味儿?",
"description": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-26528350d6b230ff64e0f0459d97123b_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>恭喜你刷到这个问题,做饭的时候又可以提升一分钱厨艺了。</p>\n<p><strong>为什么<strong>陈皮和花椒</strong>都可以在肉里面去腥味啊?</strong></p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-77f03701a0eb68a649f4c2c5929df318_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>2024 年 2 月 9 日 science 封面就是柑橘的油胞</figcaption></figure>\n<p>嗨,因为它们都是<strong>芸香科</strong>的植物,有一些特殊的能溶于油脂的挥发性芳香味。</p>\n<p><strong>简单来说,你可以把花椒看成没有果肉又带点麻的陈皮……</strong></p>\n<p>上面这张图是《science 科学》期刊封面,大家可能都有这种体验,剥橘子、柚子,或者挤柠檬的时候,冷不丁从果皮里滋出来、又香又苦的“暗器”精油!</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-651452f55d3b6aa7d6d940560b4c84f9_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-ad66f22b55afe2fc9d3738e0776078d4_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>柑橘类水果,都属于芸香科</figcaption></figure>\n<p>这股子“水果香精”的源头,就藏在果皮里的小油包里(学名叫油胞 oil gland)。</p>\n<p>柑橘油胞属于分泌囊,是橘子、橙子、黄皮、九里香等芸香科植物的特征性结构。</p>\n<p>油胞里的精油香味往往富含柠檬烯、芳樟醇等脂溶性芳香物质。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-dfe9052428db9d013a3ace7452f39f8c_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>肉类的腥味,往往来自挥发性的含硫化合物(如甲硫醇、硫醛类)或胺类物质,这些分子易挥发、气味刺鼻。</p>\n<p>而陈皮和花椒含有的芳香性挥发精油,能中和掉这些膻腥味。</p>\n<p>看到这里你又要迷惑了,柑橘、柠檬这些好说,剥皮的时候都会喷射出来,花椒那么小一点,它的果皮里也能藏住精油吗?</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-c63846cb1f8b5f321638cf30bcdf9634_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>是的!没错,花椒也有!</p>\n<p>我们国家用花椒用的比较多,对花椒的研究也比较多。</p>\n<p>现在萃取花椒精油的技术已经很成熟了,不过注意,这里提出来的花椒精油并不是我们平时吃的花椒油。</p>\n<p>花椒油主要还是豆油等其他油混合了花椒的香味,而花椒精油是提纯的花椒里面的油。</p>\n<p>多用在食品保鲜领域,而现在也在医药方面(比如止喘)有应用。</p>\n<p>那么花椒精油里的物质和柠檬里的物质有哪些相似呢?</p>\n<p>刚才说到了,月桂烯和芳樟醇这两个是花椒和青柠都有的味道</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-04adff3cdc926a878ad9a5807d13a7a7_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>而柠檬醛则是柠檬独有的柠檬味<strong>。辛香醛</strong>(Sanshools)是花椒独有的麻味。</p>\n<p>这两个是它们的主要区别。</p>\n<p>至于月桂烯、(E)-β- 罗勒烯、 β- 立方烯、桉树脑等其他花椒的味道则在不同品种的花椒里差别较大。</p>\n<p>说到这里你应该看出来了。</p>\n<p>那就是花椒和柠檬作为芸香科的植物,共享柠檬烯和芳樟醇两个比较显著的清香味。</p>\n<p>而柠檬的香味主要在它果皮油胞里,当然是腌制以后细胞破裂,释放出来味道后更浓郁啦。</p>\n<p><strong>至于黄柠檬为什么没有小青柠味道这么明显?</strong></p>\n<p>因为黄柠檬比较大,在果肉里柠檬味更重,而小青柠表面果皮体积占比更大,所以更接近花椒的味道。</p>\n<p>总的来说还是因为<strong>花椒</strong>是跟柑橘类水果同科不同属的,所以气味有一些接近,但是还是有差别。、而小青柠皮多肉少减少了这种差距。</p>\n<p>另外多嘴一句,柑橘类家族其实非常“乱”,你以为橘子、橙子、柠檬、柚子各自清清白白?不,它们的血统早就“你中有我,我中有你”,亲上加亲,近亲繁殖。</p>\n<p>科学家研究柑橘类的基因发现,绝大多数我们今天吃到的柑橘类水果,其实都来自三位“祖宗”的反复组合:</p>\n<p><strong>三位老祖宗分别是柚子( Citrus maxima )、橘子(Citrus reticulata ) 和香橼( Citrus medica)</strong></p>\n<p>橙子是柚子和橘子这对“夫妻”的结晶,果汁丰富又常见,堪称柑橘界的“嫡长子”,柠檬则是香橼和苦橙的“狠人后代”,酸得让人起飞,是柑橘家的二世祖;青柠的血统最复杂,由香橼、小柑橘和其他杂交组合而成,活脱脱一个“私生混血儿”;葡萄柚继承了柚子和橙子的Line truncated
"content": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-26528350d6b230ff64e0f0459d97123b_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>恭喜你刷到这个问题,做饭的时候又可以提升一分钱厨艺了。</p>\n<p><strong>为什么<strong>陈皮和花椒</strong>都可以在肉里面去腥味啊?</strong></p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-77f03701a0eb68a649f4c2c5929df318_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>2024 年 2 月 9 日 science 封面就是柑橘的油胞</figcaption></figure>\n<p>嗨,因为它们都是<strong>芸香科</strong>的植物,有一些特殊的能溶于油脂的挥发性芳香味。</p>\n<p><strong>简单来说,你可以把花椒看成没有果肉又带点麻的陈皮……</strong></p>\n<p>上面这张图是《science 科学》期刊封面,大家可能都有这种体验,剥橘子、柚子,或者挤柠檬的时候,冷不丁从果皮里滋出来、又香又苦的“暗器”精油!</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-651452f55d3b6aa7d6d940560b4c84f9_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-ad66f22b55afe2fc9d3738e0776078d4_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>柑橘类水果,都属于芸香科</figcaption></figure>\n<p>这股子“水果香精”的源头,就藏在果皮里的小油包里(学名叫油胞 oil gland)。</p>\n<p>柑橘油胞属于分泌囊,是橘子、橙子、黄皮、九里香等芸香科植物的特征性结构。</p>\n<p>油胞里的精油香味往往富含柠檬烯、芳樟醇等脂溶性芳香物质。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-dfe9052428db9d013a3ace7452f39f8c_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>肉类的腥味,往往来自挥发性的含硫化合物(如甲硫醇、硫醛类)或胺类物质,这些分子易挥发、气味刺鼻。</p>\n<p>而陈皮和花椒含有的芳香性挥发精油,能中和掉这些膻腥味。</p>\n<p>看到这里你又要迷惑了,柑橘、柠檬这些好说,剥皮的时候都会喷射出来,花椒那么小一点,它的果皮里也能藏住精油吗?</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-c63846cb1f8b5f321638cf30bcdf9634_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>是的!没错,花椒也有!</p>\n<p>我们国家用花椒用的比较多,对花椒的研究也比较多。</p>\n<p>现在萃取花椒精油的技术已经很成熟了,不过注意,这里提出来的花椒精油并不是我们平时吃的花椒油。</p>\n<p>花椒油主要还是豆油等其他油混合了花椒的香味,而花椒精油是提纯的花椒里面的油。</p>\n<p>多用在食品保鲜领域,而现在也在医药方面(比如止喘)有应用。</p>\n<p>那么花椒精油里的物质和柠檬里的物质有哪些相似呢?</p>\n<p>刚才说到了,月桂烯和芳樟醇这两个是花椒和青柠都有的味道</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-04adff3cdc926a878ad9a5807d13a7a7_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>而柠檬醛则是柠檬独有的柠檬味<strong>。辛香醛</strong>(Sanshools)是花椒独有的麻味。</p>\n<p>这两个是它们的主要区别。</p>\n<p>至于月桂烯、(E)-β- 罗勒烯、 β- 立方烯、桉树脑等其他花椒的味道则在不同品种的花椒里差别较大。</p>\n<p>说到这里你应该看出来了。</p>\n<p>那就是花椒和柠檬作为芸香科的植物,共享柠檬烯和芳樟醇两个比较显著的清香味。</p>\n<p>而柠檬的香味主要在它果皮油胞里,当然是腌制以后细胞破裂,释放出来味道后更浓郁啦。</p>\n<p><strong>至于黄柠檬为什么没有小青柠味道这么明显?</strong></p>\n<p>因为黄柠檬比较大,在果肉里柠檬味更重,而小青柠表面果皮体积占比更大,所以更接近花椒的味道。</p>\n<p>总的来说还是因为<strong>花椒</strong>是跟柑橘类水果同科不同属的,所以气味有一些接近,但是还是有差别。、而小青柠皮多肉少减少了这种差距。</p>\n<p>另外多嘴一句,柑橘类家族其实非常“乱”,你以为橘子、橙子、柠檬、柚子各自清清白白?不,它们的血统早就“你中有我,我中有你”,亲上加亲,近亲繁殖。</p>\n<p>科学家研究柑橘类的基因发现,绝大多数我们今天吃到的柑橘类水果,其实都来自三位“祖宗”的反复组合:</p>\n<p><strong>三位老祖宗分别是柚子( Citrus maxima )、橘子(Citrus reticulata ) 和香橼( Citrus medica)</strong></p>\n<p>橙子是柚子和橘子这对“夫妻”的结晶,果汁丰富又常见,堪称柑橘界的“嫡长子”,柠檬则是香橼和苦橙的“狠人后代”,酸得让人起飞,是柑橘家的二世祖;青柠的血统最复杂,由香橼、小柑橘和其他杂交组合而成,活脱脱一个“私生混血儿”;葡萄柚继承了柚子和橙子的基Line truncated
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"link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9782432",
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"pubDate": "Wed, 09 Jul 2025 08:27:05 +0800",
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"title": "历史上有哪些名人,还是普通人的时候就相互熟悉?",
"description": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-ba26b19cba61cf8e200f6ad02ea38dfe_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>洪武四年,明军从陕西、湖广分别向南、向西,兵分两路进攻割据四川的明夏政权。其中东路领兵将领是汤和,北路领兵将领是傅友德,由于明朝在前一年也就是洪武三年已经大封群臣,所以此时的汤和是中山侯,傅友德是颍川侯。当时明夏那边负责对付北路明军的是平章政事丁世贞和向大亨,负责对付东路明军的是邹兴和莫仁寿。</p>\n<p>在明军的战前规划中,本来东路军是主力,汤和也是老朱被调去刷军功的,没成想邹兴、莫仁寿和大夏太尉吴友仁三位把夔门守了个水泼不进,再加上酉阳、石砫等土司的协助,明军顿兵在此没有任何进展,所以反而是傅友德从北边进展迅速,先在文州击败丁世贞,随后在绵州击败向大亨,直逼成都,在夔门督战的大夏丞相戴寿、太尉吴友仁眼见西边要崩,赶紧从前线分兵去川西抵挡,然后被傅友德在汉州(四川广汉)击败了向大亨、戴寿、吴友仁三路合兵,随后进围成都。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-441d276942c5f8ac99f1fcf88f443e7f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>其实傅友德跟交手的这三位明夏高层都认识,早就认识。</p>\n<p>龙凤三年,韩宋太保刘福通调白不信、大刀敖、李喜喜驰援西路北伐军,傅友德跟着李喜喜进陕西作战,并在次年西路军兵败巩昌之后由阶、文向南退入四川,而恰在此时,担任徐宋统军都元帅的后来大夏开国太祖明玉珍也正好带着徐宋军队从夔门向西进入四川,于是这两位河南江北行省的老乡就这样在四川不期而遇,双方打了一仗,韩宋军队惨败,打不过就加入,所以傅友德就归附了明玉珍。</p>\n<blockquote>(傅)友德,其先宿州人,徙居颍州,后徙砀山,元末从山东李喜喜起兵,转攻剽入蜀,李喜喜败,归明玉珍。</blockquote>\n<p>当时明玉珍只是徐宋各路统兵将领里的一位,地位并不高,所以手下也没有多少人,数得着的基本也就戴寿、万胜、向大亨、张文炳、邹兴、吴友仁、莫仁寿等几位,而这几位在明玉珍称帝之后的称呼分别是<strong>冢宰戴寿</strong>、司马万胜、<strong>司寇向大亨</strong>、司空张文炳、司徒邹兴、<strong>司徒吴友仁</strong>、司寇莫仁寿。</p>\n<p>所以我其实很好奇,如果拍一部以傅友德为主角的电视剧,那么当这三位在汉州城外跟傅友德再次见面时,互相之间是个怎样的心情,台词又应该怎么写。</p>\n<p>1911 年 10 月,武昌城内一声枪响,辛亥革命爆发,随后极短时间内革命风潮席卷全国,武昌作为这次革命的引爆点,也成为清军与革命军的重点交火对象,清军参战部队是北洋系的新军的第一、第四、<strong>第五镇</strong>,革命军是湖北新军<strong>第八镇</strong>,双方从从 10 月 18 日革命军主动进攻汉口刘家庙清军阵地开始,到 11 月 27 日清军攻陷汉阳结束,恶战四十一天。</p>\n<p>其实这并不是双方的第一次照面。</p>\n<p>光绪三十二年,1906,10 月,清朝为了检验新建陆军的成色,在河南安阳举行了一次军事演习,史称彰德秋操。参加这次野战演习的北军是新军<strong>第五镇</strong>及第一混成协,南军是湖北的新军<strong>第八镇</strong>和河南第二十九混成协,双方出动军队三万余人,马五千余匹,车一千五百多辆,各省都派出观操大员,还有外国的驻华武官观战,甚至还有国内外媒体记者记录实时报道。</p>\n<p>也是在这场军事演习中,后来叱咤中国二十年的人物纷纷登场。</p>\n<p>阅操大臣是后来的民国第一任大总统袁世凯,演习总参议是后来的民国陆军总长王士珍,中央审判长是辛亥革命时革命军陆军第八师师长哈汉章,南军审判长是冯国璋,秋操参谋是徐世昌,南军第八镇统制是黎元洪,北军第五镇统制是张怀芝,北军混成第一协统领是曹锟。</p>\n<p>当时有个年轻参谋在讲评会上问张怀芝:第五镇来了多少人?留守的有多少人?有多少病号?多少轻病?多少重病?帐篷来了多少?马匹来了多少?张怀芝答不上来,面红耳赤哑口无言。而他后来担任新军第二十镇统制,武昌起义爆发的时候他正在筹划着利用永平秋操的机会,与第六镇统制吴禄贞、第二混成协协统蓝天蔚一起弄假成真直接武装起义。他叫张绍曾。</p>\n<p>把这段趣事记录下来的人叫冯玉祥,时任新军第六镇十一协二十四标第三营后队排长。</p>\n<p>当时各省新Line truncated
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"title": "人类为何无法准确控制自己的每一个器官?",
"description": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-55eb45a0372e02c6992b0d50a6a8a2ed_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>如果你能用意识控制肠胃的平滑肌让它们震动,那么你一天之内就可能疯掉,不用去拉莱耶也能听见克苏鲁在你耳边的低语。</p>\n<p>因为那意味着血脑屏障可能不存在了。</p>\n<p>具体来说的话,让我先举个例子。</p>\n<p>你会放心把电脑交给 deepseek 控制吗?</p>\n<p>deepseek 有时候回答问题很好用,有时候却有很严重的幻觉,相较起来,还是 Windows 系统更可靠一些,至于底层的主板硬件,还需要更基础的 BIOS 系统来控制开机自检(\"Basic Input Output System\"的缩略词,直译是\"基本输入输出系统\"),你要用 deepseek 控制估计一小时蓝屏五六次,人的意识有时候比 deepseek 幻觉还严重,身体怎么可能给它全部权限。</p>\n<p>你可以把大脑看成是个三权分立的系统,简单来说,你的身体压根不相信你那<strong>受点刺激就要死要活</strong>的<strong>愚蠢自我意识</strong>,一开始就通过<strong>血脑屏障</strong>的方式架空了意识的大多数控制权。</p>\n<p>但这是对你有好处的,血脑屏障出不去的东西也进不来,这是保护你不会随便吃点什么东西就像吃了菌子一样产生幻觉。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-15690f65310f59b14728d20e2ecd7416_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>不要啊,充满 oi 猫和灵感菇的世界</figcaption></figure>\n<p>但是也不意味着你对你的植物神经系统毫无办法。</p>\n<p><strong>来吧,先从简单的开始,我今天先教你怎么控制自己的体温。</strong></p>\n<p>简直笑话,我的身体自己不能控制那这么多知识岂不是白学了。</p>\n<p>我现在喝一杯菠萝泡椒冰沙,就能让我的胃部肌肉抽动一晚上。</p>\n<p>哦,你说的是那种让心跳从 70/ 分钟改成 30/ 分钟的精准?那确实没那么简单,只靠你自己坐在那里想是做不到的。</p>\n<p>但是借助科技也不是不行。</p>\n<p>好了,开玩笑的部分结束。要知道我们的意识为什么能控制一些地方,而不能控制另外一些地方。</p>\n<p><strong>我们要先知道骨骼肌和平滑肌的区别。</strong></p>\n<p>骨骼肌可以靠动作电位驱动也可以靠激素,平滑肌主要依赖激素和植物神经的化学调控。</p>\n<p><strong>但是问题来了,你操控的意识部分大多数时候只能放电,不能想放激素就放激素,所以你几乎无法操控平滑肌。</strong></p>\n<p>首先,哪些是骨骼肌,哪些是平滑肌?</p>\n<p>人体有 206 块骨头,骨骼肌是附着于骨骼的横纹肌,受意识控制(<strong>随意肌</strong>),分布于头、颈、躯干和四肢,也就是你所说的手啊脚啊等等。</p>\n<p>这是你可以靠意识操控的。</p>\n<p>但是注意,多达<strong>639-640 块的随意肌,也不是每一块你都可以随便控制的。</strong></p>\n<p>比如说长期缺乏锻炼的人会丢失臀大肌的感觉和控制,这也是<strong>嫪毐能转轮你不能的原因之一</strong>……(我在说什么东西),具体内容可以看之前写的这篇:</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/7379411639/answer/67022978638\">练肌肉对普通人来说有哪些实实在在的好处?</a></p>\n<p>平滑肌为无横纹的<strong>非随意肌</strong>,分布于内脏器官和血管壁,也就是胃壁肌、食管、胃肠壁肌层、膀胱逼尿肌、尿道括约肌等。</p>\n<p>刚才说了,骨骼肌运动基本靠动作电位指挥,平滑肌靠激素和化学物质,那么问题来了,为什么意识大多数时候只能放电?</p>\n<p>因为<strong>血脑屏障</strong>把<strong>意识</strong>卡得死死的。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-2bee701e4d9b67690b9d4c440f6b5568_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>通常来说,意识系统包括你<strong>能控制的蓝色部分</strong>:前额叶皮质(前扣带回,内侧额叶皮层)和顶叶联合区(楔前叶,后扣带回,反向连接皮层),以及你一般<strong>不能控制的</strong>,类似于 BIOS 负责大脑开机唤醒以及注意力等潜意识部分的皮质下觉醒系统(<strong>红色部分</strong>):中脑(脑干最上端部分)、丘脑、基底前脑、下丘脑等。*1</p>\n<p><strong>血脑屏障是什么?</strong></p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-0e88b8a260ec238b409d54e0d945f733_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>血脑屏障由脑毛细血内皮细胞(紧密连接)、基膜、周细胞及星形胶质细胞终足共同构成,覆盖整个中枢神经系统(脑和脊髓)。</strong></p>\n<p><strong>你可以把它看成一个保护大脑的结界。</strong><Line truncated
"content": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-55eb45a0372e02c6992b0d50a6a8a2ed_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>如果你能用意识控制肠胃的平滑肌让它们震动,那么你一天之内就可能疯掉,不用去拉莱耶也能听见克苏鲁在你耳边的低语。</p>\n<p>因为那意味着血脑屏障可能不存在了。</p>\n<p>具体来说的话,让我先举个例子。</p>\n<p>你会放心把电脑交给 deepseek 控制吗?</p>\n<p>deepseek 有时候回答问题很好用,有时候却有很严重的幻觉,相较起来,还是 Windows 系统更可靠一些,至于底层的主板硬件,还需要更基础的 BIOS 系统来控制开机自检(\"Basic Input Output System\"的缩略词,直译是\"基本输入输出系统\"),你要用 deepseek 控制估计一小时蓝屏五六次,人的意识有时候比 deepseek 幻觉还严重,身体怎么可能给它全部权限。</p>\n<p>你可以把大脑看成是个三权分立的系统,简单来说,你的身体压根不相信你那<strong>受点刺激就要死要活</strong>的<strong>愚蠢自我意识</strong>,一开始就通过<strong>血脑屏障</strong>的方式架空了意识的大多数控制权。</p>\n<p>但这是对你有好处的,血脑屏障出不去的东西也进不来,这是保护你不会随便吃点什么东西就像吃了菌子一样产生幻觉。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-15690f65310f59b14728d20e2ecd7416_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>不要啊,充满 oi 猫和灵感菇的世界</figcaption></figure>\n<p>但是也不意味着你对你的植物神经系统毫无办法。</p>\n<p><strong>来吧,先从简单的开始,我今天先教你怎么控制自己的体温。</strong></p>\n<p>简直笑话,我的身体自己不能控制那这么多知识岂不是白学了。</p>\n<p>我现在喝一杯菠萝泡椒冰沙,就能让我的胃部肌肉抽动一晚上。</p>\n<p>哦,你说的是那种让心跳从 70/ 分钟改成 30/ 分钟的精准?那确实没那么简单,只靠你自己坐在那里想是做不到的。</p>\n<p>但是借助科技也不是不行。</p>\n<p>好了,开玩笑的部分结束。要知道我们的意识为什么能控制一些地方,而不能控制另外一些地方。</p>\n<p><strong>我们要先知道骨骼肌和平滑肌的区别。</strong></p>\n<p>骨骼肌可以靠动作电位驱动也可以靠激素,平滑肌主要依赖激素和植物神经的化学调控。</p>\n<p><strong>但是问题来了,你操控的意识部分大多数时候只能放电,不能想放激素就放激素,所以你几乎无法操控平滑肌。</strong></p>\n<p>首先,哪些是骨骼肌,哪些是平滑肌?</p>\n<p>人体有 206 块骨头,骨骼肌是附着于骨骼的横纹肌,受意识控制(<strong>随意肌</strong>),分布于头、颈、躯干和四肢,也就是你所说的手啊脚啊等等。</p>\n<p>这是你可以靠意识操控的。</p>\n<p>但是注意,多达<strong>639-640 块的随意肌,也不是每一块你都可以随便控制的。</strong></p>\n<p>比如说长期缺乏锻炼的人会丢失臀大肌的感觉和控制,这也是<strong>嫪毐能转轮你不能的原因之一</strong>……(我在说什么东西),具体内容可以看之前写的这篇:</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/7379411639/answer/67022978638\">练肌肉对普通人来说有哪些实实在在的好处?</a></p>\n<p>平滑肌为无横纹的<strong>非随意肌</strong>,分布于内脏器官和血管壁,也就是胃壁肌、食管、胃肠壁肌层、膀胱逼尿肌、尿道括约肌等。</p>\n<p>刚才说了,骨骼肌运动基本靠动作电位指挥,平滑肌靠激素和化学物质,那么问题来了,为什么意识大多数时候只能放电?</p>\n<p>因为<strong>血脑屏障</strong>把<strong>意识</strong>卡得死死的。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-2bee701e4d9b67690b9d4c440f6b5568_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>通常来说,意识系统包括你<strong>能控制的蓝色部分</strong>:前额叶皮质(前扣带回,内侧额叶皮层)和顶叶联合区(楔前叶,后扣带回,反向连接皮层),以及你一般<strong>不能控制的</strong>,类似于 BIOS 负责大脑开机唤醒以及注意力等潜意识部分的皮质下觉醒系统(<strong>红色部分</strong>):中脑(脑干最上端部分)、丘脑、基底前脑、下丘脑等。*1</p>\n<p><strong>血脑屏障是什么?</strong></p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-0e88b8a260ec238b409d54e0d945f733_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>血脑屏障由脑毛细血内皮细胞(紧密连接)、基膜、周细胞及星形胶质细胞终足共同构成,覆盖整个中枢神经系统(脑和脊髓)。</strong></p>\n<p><strong>你可以把它看成一个保护大脑的结界。</strong></p>\Line truncated
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"title": "牙齿是 tooth ,医生是 doctor ,那为什么牙医不是 tooth doctor ,而是 dentist ?",
"description": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-9d8826f6f05df9f37aa27f15ab142e1c_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>实际上 dent- 和 tooth 是同源的,意思也相同,只不过前者借自拉丁语(或法语)而后者是英语本土词。</p>\n<p>其实不止这俩,英语还有第三个表示牙齿的词根——odont-,比如 odontology(牙科学),odontoid(齿状的),这个词根来自希腊语,和前面提到过的拉丁词根 dent-、英语本土 tooth 全部同源</p>\n<p>由于英语、拉丁语、希腊语都属于印欧语系,在很多年前是同一种语言,因此他们彼此之间有大量同源词是很正常的事情,「牙齿」就是一个例子。</p>\n<p>那么在这三种语言分开之前,原始印欧语是怎么说牙齿的呢?——*h₃dónts</p>\n<ol>\n<li>之后这个词走了三条路,演变为了英语中的三个词 / 词根:*h₃dónts&gt;*tanþs(原始日耳曼语,词首辅音前喉音消失,格林定律推移 d&gt;t&gt;þ,短元音 o 变 a)&gt;tōþ(古英语,北海日耳曼语擦音前鼻音消失,并导致前面的短 a 延长再高化至ō)&gt;tooth(现代英语)</li>\n<li>*h₃dónts&gt;*h₃dn̩ts(零级形式)&gt;*dents(原始意大利语,词首辅音前喉音消失)&gt;dēns(拉丁语,dēns 是主格,很多变形依然保留了 dent- 的形式,比如宾格为 dentem。后代包括意大利语 dente,葡萄牙语 dente,西班牙语 diente,罗马尼亚语 dinte,加泰罗尼亚语 / 奥克语 dent,法语 dent 等)→借入英语 dent-</li>\n<li>*h₃dónts&gt;*odónts(原始希腊语,词首辅音前的第三喉音 h₃元音化为 o)&gt;odoús(古典希腊语(已拉丁转写),odoús 是主格,很多变形依然保留了 odont- 的形式,比如宾格 odónta)→借入英语 odont-</li>\n</ol><hr>\n<p>至于为什么英语会通过借词整出这三个同源同义不同形的词或词根……因为很长一段时间盎撒人以尊法、拉丁、希腊为荣,借了大量法语 / 拉丁 / 希腊词汇,同在造高级词汇时也倾向于使用法语 / 拉丁 / 希腊词根而非本土词(这点其实不止盎撒人,整个欧洲或多或少都有这种倾向,只是盎撒人的这种倾向很大),就类似于——近代日本人在造高级词汇时也倾向于使用汉语词(音读)而非和语词。日本人造了不少和制汉语,盎撒人同样造了不少「盎制拉丁语 / 希腊语」,比如 internet 就是美国人用拉丁词根造出来的</p>\n<p>再举一些英语中类似的「同源同义不同形」词 / 词根例子(按本土,拉丁,希腊的顺序排):</p>\n<ul>\n<li>over,super-,hyper-</li>\n<li>un-,in-(im-/ir-/il-),a-(元音或 h 前作 an-)</li>\n<li>heart,cordi-/core,cardio-</li>\n<li>night,nocto-,nycto-</li>\n<li>foot-,pedo-,podo-</li>\n<li>tear,lacrimal,dacryo-</li>\n<li>two-,duo-/bi-,di-/dy-</li>\n<li>three,tri-,tri-</li>\n<li>four,quart-/quadr-,tetra-</li>\n<li>five,quint-,penta-</li>\n<li>six-,sex-,hexa-</li>\n<li>seven,sept-,hept-</li>\n<li>eight,octo-,octo-/octa-</li>\n<li>nine,nona-,ennea-</li>\n<li>ten,deci-,deca-</li>\n<li>hundred,centi-/cent-,hecato-/hecto-</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</div>\n\n\n<div><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/1914023697024525407\">查看知乎讨论<span></span></a></div>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n</div><br><hr><div>获取更多RSS:<br><a href=\"https://feedx.net\" style=\"color:orange\" target=\"_blank\">https://feedx.net</a> <br><a href=\"https://feedx.site\" style=\"color:orange\" target=\"_blank\">https://feedx.site</a><br></div>",
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"title": "侯逸凡:最年轻的“棋后”Conquering the world of chess",
"description": "16岁就成为最年轻的国际象棋世界“棋后”,她是真人版的《后翼弃兵》!",
"content": "16岁就成为最年轻的国际象棋世界“棋后”,她是真人版的《后翼弃兵》!",
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"title": "“大老虎”被拿下!中共中央决定对周永康严重违纪问题立案审查",
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"title": "索契冬奥会李坚柔夺中国首金",
"description": "Short track speed skating",
"content": "Short track speed skating",
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"title": "瞎扯 · 如何正确地吐槽",
"description": "<div><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-25324afbda8ee5527504a76cf95e7c6a_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<div>\n<div>Q:<a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/280402738/answer/3302483578\" target=\"_blank\">在玩《谁是卧底》的时候遇到过什么有趣的事?</a></div>\n</div>\n<blockquote>\n<div><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/people/11cae661252e4d74976c3e16a7a11024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">@青核仁</a> :课间玩。 一个词是寿衣,另一个词是婚纱。 开局,第一个兄弟:「我们每年都会穿一次。」 ……抽到寿衣的和抽到婚纱的都沉默了</div>\n</blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<div>果断把他出了 事后,他说……他以为寿衣的「寿」是过生日的「寿」……</div>\n</blockquote>\n<div>\n<div>Q:<a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/525944677/answer/1900504076715816772\" target=\"_blank\">胖真的是一件很丢人的事吗?</a></div>\n</div>\n<blockquote>\n<div><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/people/4c03abb695be5c801666866cfc8b62a6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">@北冥鲲</a> :终于可以拿出我珍藏已久的图了!</div>\n</blockquote>\n<figure contenteditable=\"false\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/80/v2-d7b09ea7cd5ed459e21542d74dee1333_1440w.png?source=d16d100b\" alt=\"\">\n<div> </div>\n<div> </div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div> </div>\n</div>\n</figure>\n<div>\n<div>Q:<a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/61803257/answer/3432967902\" target=\"_blank\">你做过什么特别对不起自家宠物的事情?</a></div>\n</div>\n<blockquote>\n<div><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/people/f1c3ce7ded8c523c66a6b2f06a4cd70e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">@科莫娃就</a> :千万不要用洗洁精给狗子洗澡,冲不干净。</div>\n</blockquote>\n<figure contenteditable=\"false\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-27010d5c4239b1733749a42c9a16d36f_1440w.png?source=d16d100b\" alt=\"\">\n<div> </div>\n<div> </div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div> </div>\n</div>\n</figure>\n<div>\n<div>Q:<a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/35194640/answer/3247186863\" target=\"_blank\">为什么人们通常不相信漂亮女孩是一个工程师?</a></div>\n</div>\n<blockquote>\n<div><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/people/f649f589c10494af487a6b005df04aee\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">@贾纳尔</a> :挺正常的,也不单是因为性别,各行各业都有……比方说……</div>\n</blockquote>\n<figure contenteditable=\"false\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/80/v2-b49bebca73bfb16c596d0fca73d3e12d_1440w.png?source=d16d100b\" alt=\"\">\n<div> </div>\n<div> </div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div> </div>\n</div>\n</figure>\n<div>\n<div>Q:<a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/65441003/answer/3902803034\" target=\"_blank\">恩格尔系数适不适合中国?</a></div>\n</div>\n<blockquote>\n<div><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/people/f2988b6da83366610941405aa17d605e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">@隰有荷华</a> :恩格尔都没吃过里脊肉夹饼,他懂个 der 。</div>\n</blockquote>\n<figure contenteditable=\"false\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/80/v2-aeaa1e04f5d706ff29e5bd01bfb230bb_1440w.png?source=d16d100b\" alt=\"\">\n<div> </div>\n<div> </div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div> </div>\n</div>\n</figure>\n<div> </div>\n</div>\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n</div><br><hr><div>获取更多RSS:<br><a href=\"https://feedx.net\" style=\"color:orange\" target=\"_blank\">https://feedx.net</a> <br><a href=\"https://feedx.site\" style=\"color:orange\" target=\"_blank\">https://feedx.site</a><br></div>",
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"title": "双语百科:为什么鸟儿在黎明歌唱?",
"description": "<div><div class=\"mian_txt\" id=\"Content\">\n\n \n\n \n \n\n <p>清晨悦耳的鸟鸣让人心旷神怡,但是一天中的其他时间却很少能听到鸟叫。为什么鸟儿都喜欢在清晨歌唱?来本文中寻找答案吧。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<figure class=\"image\" style=\"display: table;\"> \n <img src=\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/04/66d7fb2da3108f29a8b65829.jpeg\" data-from=\"newsroom\" data-mimetype=\"image/jpeg\" id=\"img-66d7fb2da3108f29a8b65829\"> \n <figcaption style=\"display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom;\">\n Photo/Pexels \n </figcaption> \n</figure> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Wake up early enough and, depending on where you live, you’ll likely hear a pleasant chorus of birds chirping their tiny hearts out. This am avian arrangement is instinctual behavior for birds, but why?<br>早上起得够早的话,在你所住的地方也许能听到一阵悦耳的鸟鸣。在清晨歌唱是鸟的本能行为,但是鸟鸣为什么都在清晨呢?</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>According to the Woodland Trust, this early singing is known as the dawn chorus, and it can start as early as 4 am and last for several hours. Birds do it to attract mates and warn other birds to avoid their turf. One theory as to why they opt for the wee hours to communicate these important messages is because the low visibility makes it hard to do other bird activities, like foraging. Keeping their activity level low, they opt to sing instead.<br>林地信托机构称,鸟儿在清晨鸣叫最早从凌晨4点开始,可持续数个小时。鸟鸣叫是为了吸引配偶,也是为了警告其他鸟不要入侵自己的领地。关于鸟类为什么选择在凌晨传递这些重要信息,有一个理论是,凌晨能见度低,鸟类难以进行觅食等其他活动,既然无事可做,那么鸟儿就转而选择鸣叫。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Another theory argues that birds use the morning vocals to project an image of strength. By singing with fervor, they’re letting other birds know they survived the night—no guarantee in nature—and would make for an excellent mate.<br>另一种理论认为,鸟类利用晨鸣来展示自己的力量。通过热情地歌唱,它们让其他鸟儿知道自己已经安然度过黑夜——要知道自然界的动物过着朝不保夕的日子,不一定能看见明天的太阳——并能够成为出色的伴侣。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Like a good recording studio, the early morning hours also allow birds to transmit a clear tune thanks to the cooler, drier air. Because birds have distinctive chirps, that clarity helps them be more easily identified by birds within listening distance.<br>清晨的空气更凉爽、更干燥,就像一个效果很好的录音棚,鸟儿在此时歌唱能传递出清晰的音质。因为鸟儿的声音各有不同,这种清晰度可以让听得见的鸟儿更容易识别出它们的声音。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>There used to be a prevailing theory that birds sang so much in the mornings because the sounds could travel greater distances due to less atmospheric turbulence, but it was disproven by researchers at the University of Western Ontario in 2003. They played recordings of sparrows at dawn and midday. The songs didn’t travel farther, but they were more consistent.<br>过去有一个流行的理论认为,鸟儿最爱在清晨鸣叫是因为在气流稳定的时候声音能传播得更远。但是西安大略大学的研究人员在2003年否定了这一理论。研究人员在黎明和中午分别播放了麻雀的录音。然而麻雀声音并没有传播得更远,只不过黎明时分麻雀的叫声更连贯。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Because birds only have so much energy to belt one out, singing when they stand the best chance of being heard makes sense. For a bird, an early morning session is like having the perfect acoustic environment for their performance.<br>因为鸟儿只能用有限的精力来鸣叫,它们自然会选择在最可能被听到的时候歌唱。对一只鸟儿来说,清晨鸣叫相当于在最佳音效环境中表演。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>英文来源:Mental Floss</p> \n<p>编译:丹妮</p> \n<p>审校:董静、齐磊</p>\n\n </div></div>",
"content": "<div><div class=\"mian_txt\" id=\"Content\">\n\n \n\n \n \n\n <p>清晨悦耳的鸟鸣让人心旷神怡,但是一天中的其他时间却很少能听到鸟叫。为什么鸟儿都喜欢在清晨歌唱?来本文中寻找答案吧。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<figure class=\"image\" style=\"display: table;\"> \n <img src=\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/04/66d7fb2da3108f29a8b65829.jpeg\" data-from=\"newsroom\" data-mimetype=\"image/jpeg\" id=\"img-66d7fb2da3108f29a8b65829\"> \n <figcaption style=\"display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom;\">\n Photo/Pexels \n </figcaption> \n</figure> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Wake up early enough and, depending on where you live, you’ll likely hear a pleasant chorus of birds chirping their tiny hearts out. This am avian arrangement is instinctual behavior for birds, but why?<br>早上起得够早的话,在你所住的地方也许能听到一阵悦耳的鸟鸣。在清晨歌唱是鸟的本能行为,但是鸟鸣为什么都在清晨呢?</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>According to the Woodland Trust, this early singing is known as the dawn chorus, and it can start as early as 4 am and last for several hours. Birds do it to attract mates and warn other birds to avoid their turf. One theory as to why they opt for the wee hours to communicate these important messages is because the low visibility makes it hard to do other bird activities, like foraging. Keeping their activity level low, they opt to sing instead.<br>林地信托机构称,鸟儿在清晨鸣叫最早从凌晨4点开始,可持续数个小时。鸟鸣叫是为了吸引配偶,也是为了警告其他鸟不要入侵自己的领地。关于鸟类为什么选择在凌晨传递这些重要信息,有一个理论是,凌晨能见度低,鸟类难以进行觅食等其他活动,既然无事可做,那么鸟儿就转而选择鸣叫。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Another theory argues that birds use the morning vocals to project an image of strength. By singing with fervor, they’re letting other birds know they survived the night—no guarantee in nature—and would make for an excellent mate.<br>另一种理论认为,鸟类利用晨鸣来展示自己的力量。通过热情地歌唱,它们让其他鸟儿知道自己已经安然度过黑夜——要知道自然界的动物过着朝不保夕的日子,不一定能看见明天的太阳——并能够成为出色的伴侣。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Like a good recording studio, the early morning hours also allow birds to transmit a clear tune thanks to the cooler, drier air. Because birds have distinctive chirps, that clarity helps them be more easily identified by birds within listening distance.<br>清晨的空气更凉爽、更干燥,就像一个效果很好的录音棚,鸟儿在此时歌唱能传递出清晰的音质。因为鸟儿的声音各有不同,这种清晰度可以让听得见的鸟儿更容易识别出它们的声音。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>There used to be a prevailing theory that birds sang so much in the mornings because the sounds could travel greater distances due to less atmospheric turbulence, but it was disproven by researchers at the University of Western Ontario in 2003. They played recordings of sparrows at dawn and midday. The songs didn’t travel farther, but they were more consistent.<br>过去有一个流行的理论认为,鸟儿最爱在清晨鸣叫是因为在气流稳定的时候声音能传播得更远。但是西安大略大学的研究人员在2003年否定了这一理论。研究人员在黎明和中午分别播放了麻雀的录音。然而麻雀声音并没有传播得更远,只不过黎明时分麻雀的叫声更连贯。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Because birds only have so much energy to belt one out, singing when they stand the best chance of being heard makes sense. For a bird, an early morning session is like having the perfect acoustic environment for their performance.<br>因为鸟儿只能用有限的精力来鸣叫,它们自然会选择在最可能被听到的时候歌唱。对一只鸟儿来说,清晨鸣叫相当于在最佳音效环境中表演。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>英文来源:Mental Floss</p> \n<p>编译:丹妮</p> \n<p>审校:董静、齐磊</p>\n\n </div></div>",
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"title": "开学啦!来看看新学期的正确打开方式",
"description": "<div><div class=\"mian_txt\" id=\"Content\">\n\n \n\n \n \n\n <p>A new semester means a fresh start. Get your semester started right by practicing these strategies, and your productivity will soar.<br>新学期意味着新的开始。掌握了新学期的正确打开方式,你的学习效率将会直线上升。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<figure class=\"image\" style=\"display: table;\"> \n <img src=\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/02/66d5837ba3108f29a8b6344c.jpeg\" data-from=\"newsroom\" data-mimetype=\"image/jpeg\" id=\"img-66d5837ba3108f29a8b6344c\"> \n <figcaption style=\"display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom;\">\n Photo/Pexels \n </figcaption> \n</figure> \n<p> </p> \n<p><strong>1. Get organized </strong><br><strong>让一切井井有条</strong></p> \n<p>Organization helps you reduce chaos and stress, thus making you more productive. Develop a system at the start of your semester. This may include:<br>条理性可以帮助你减少混乱和压力,从而让你做事更有效率。在开学时把一切都整理得井井有条,包括:</p> \n<p>--Color coded notebooks and/or folders for each class<br>——给每门课程准备一个彩页笔记本和文件夹;</p> \n<p>-- A planner with important dates and deadlines filled out <br>——准备一个日程表,标注出重要的日子和各项任务的截止日期;</p> \n<p>--Cleaning out your backpack, desk, and dorm room to reduce clutter from previous semesters<br>——清理背包、书桌和宿舍,把前几个学期积攒下来的无用之物处理掉;</p> \n<p>--Organizing your computer files (e.g., by school year, semester, course, and assignment type or project)<br>——整理电脑文件,可以按照学年、学期、课程、作业或项目分门别类;</p> \n<p>If you keep track of deadlines, know where to find everything, and maintain a well-organized space, you free up your mind to focus on learning and achieving.<br>如果你对截止日期了如指掌,知道每样东西放在哪儿,把空间整理得井井有条,你就可以把脑子腾出来专心学习,做出成绩。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p><strong>2. Get into a routine</strong><br><strong>做事有规律</strong></p> \n<p>Like being organized, establishing a routine helps your life run smoothly.<br>和条理性一样,做事有规律可以让你的生活更顺利。</p> \n<p>It’s easier said than done, but try waking up and going to sleep around the same time each day (or at least on weekdays). Schedule time for the gym, any clubs or activities you participate in, and studying. Instead of waiting until the last minute to work on assignments or cram in information, set aside studying/homework blocks each day. Choose a time of day when you feel especially productive.<br>尽管说起来容易做起来难,但是你可以试着每天都在同一时间起床和睡觉(至少在工作日如此)。规划好去健身、去参加社团或其他活动以及学习的时间。每天都要留出一整块时间用于学习和做作业,不要等到最后一刻才赶作业或背书。选择一天中你自认为效率最高的时间来学习。</p> \n<p>Start each day on a positive note by preparing the night before. For instance, set out the outfit you’ll wear to class and pack your backpack with the supplies you’ll need that day. Instead of frantically scrambling around in the morning, you’ll begin the day feeling confident and prepared. Ultimately, these small habits make a big difference in your overall mood and performance.<br>通过在前一天晚上做好准备,以积极的态度开始每一天。举例而言,准备好你明天上课要穿的衣服,在书包里放好明天需要的东西。这样,你就可以在准备充分的情况下自信地开始新的一天,而不是一大早紧张忙乱地到处找东西。最终,这些小习惯将会让你的整体情绪状态和表现大为改观。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p><strong>3. Surround yourself with motivated peers</strong><br><strong>结交好学的同伴</strong></p> \n<p>Maybe you’ve heard the saying, “Show me your friends and I’ll show you your future.” It may sound dramatic, but it’s true that the people you spend the most time with have a major influence on you. If your friends are partying every night, skipping class, and seemingly unconcerned about their grades, staying motivated will be an uphill battle for you.<br>也许你听过这句话:“你身边的朋友决定你的未来。”这也许听起来有些夸张,但是你与之交往时间最长的人对你会产生重大影响,这是事实。如果你的朋友夜夜狂欢,逃课,对成绩毫不在意,那么保持斗志对你来说会非常困难。</p> \n<p>Try to make at least one positive friend in every class. Meet ambitious people with clearly defined goals, good study habits, and healthy lifestyles. These friends can help yLine truncated
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"title": "自托管的云文件存储解决方案Phylum",
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"folder": "IT技术",
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"title": "IntelliSSH:AI驱动的远程服务器管理软件",
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"title": "Docker端口映射查看工具Dockpeek",
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"title": "自托管的云文件存储解决方案Phylum",
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@@ -3477,6 +3103,28 @@
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"title": "Docker端口映射查看工具Dockpeek",
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"folder": "IT技术",
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{
"title": "股票分析MCP服务stock-scanner-mcp",
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