vault backup: 2025-07-31 11:07:05

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CrazyJasonwell committed 2025-07-31 11:07:05 +08:00
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"title": "从盟友到血仇:西夏地缘战略失误把自己玩成死局",
"description": "<div><div><div class=\"rich_media_content\" id=\"js_content\"><section style=\"margin: 0px 8px 8px; padding: 0px; white-space: normal; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJxdXiby5XB2BE6S0ulr9Fs213uZ85nlxAalcgRcLFiaSVdOVlrtCZRibIw/640?wx_fmt=gif\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; height: auto !important;\" /></span></span><span><br /></span></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7aTKHUyPUGQSxnlMMT3njCalx8Cf8bsPIMx9a1D3ez0crX3GVUt7c8GNVAibNSQbx9TKgt7iaSsOkw/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; white-space: normal; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><span><br /></span></span></section><section style=\"margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; white-space: normal; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><span>本 文 约 4800字</span></span><span><br /></span></section><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: normal;\"><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 8px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><section><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><span>阅 读 需 要 15 分钟</span></span></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><p style=\"margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"margin: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>蒙古攻夏的战争在所难免。铁木真的蒙古部虽然统一了整个漠北草原,但连绵几十年的混战已经给社会生产力带来极大破坏。而在经济上,西夏对于新兴的蒙古来说,恰有着很强的吸引力。</span></font></font></p><p style=\"margin: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></font></p><p style=\"margin: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>另一方面,西夏自从</span></font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><span>1119</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>年与北宋停战算起,已有近百年时间没有爆发过大规模战争。由于承平已久,民不习兵、国不习战,毫无战争准备。</span></font></font></p><p style=\"margin: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></font></p><section style=\"margin: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>因此,当成吉思汗先后征服克烈、乃蛮部后,原来与克烈、乃蛮接界的西夏整个北部边境已与蒙古接壤,也就很自然地成为成吉思汗下一个目标。</span></font></font></section><section><p style=\"margin: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><p><span><br /></span></p></font></p></section><section><p style=\"margin: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><p><span><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK5dt5HMAibLucmy2VtHlkPYGm30A7rLYbw3VBAynq9ObK0D2bjch0D4VribpLKHTWHrqoSXicQibEKLuA/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></span></p></font></p><p style=\"margin: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7aTKHUyPUGQSxnlMMT3njCTubEdCJfos0mbB72DEf7zSCpIscqygqfibLNDrrYmu2uuAth7RGJcbQ/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></span></font></p></section><section><section><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></font></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; width: 661px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98);\"><p style=\"font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px; margin: 8px;\"><span>初遇蒙古</span></p></section></section></section><p><font face=\"宋体\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></font></p></section><p style=\"margin: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"Line truncated
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"title": "Beijing registers first high-temperature day of 2025",
"description": "<div><div><p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/20/16687656342828036452.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>A resident uses an umbrella to block the sun during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p> <p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/40/3548850143781232288.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>A resident uses an umbrella to block the sun during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p> <p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/98/10966517081528407278.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>People take sun protection measures during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p> <p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/56/8542467418897210708.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>People take sun protection measures during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p> <p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/75/3400017695653677443.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>A citizen shops for watermelons to cool off during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p><p id='org_name'>Source: Ecns.cn</p></div></div>",
"content": "<div><div><p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/20/16687656342828036452.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>A resident uses an umbrella to block the sun during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p> <p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/40/3548850143781232288.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>A resident uses an umbrella to block the sun during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p> <p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/98/10966517081528407278.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>People take sun protection measures during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p> <p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/56/8542467418897210708.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>People take sun protection measures during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p> <p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/75/3400017695653677443.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>A citizen shops for watermelons to cool off during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p><p id='org_name'>Source: Ecns.cn</p></div></div>",
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"pubDate": "Thu, 05 Jun 2025 16:37:43 +0800",
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"title": "具透 | 新设计、桌面化……iPadOS 26 中你值得关注的新功能",
"description": "iPadOS 26 在对系统 UI 做了大幅度修改的同时,还强调对于多任务系统的改进及多平台功能的统一融合。<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/101027\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
@@ -2551,28 +2463,6 @@
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"title": "regdict – 可能是 Wordle 最佳外挂:带“正则”的开源英语词典",
"description": "regdict 是一款开源英语词典,使用了简单的规则,实现了类似正则表达式的查询方式,非常适合充当单词游戏 Wordle 外挂。@Appinn 感谢 @无宝 的推荐。 regdict 规则 基本规则 ",
"content": "\n<p><strong>regdict</strong> 是一款开源英语词典,使用了简单的规则,实现了类似正则表达式的查询方式,非常适合充当单词游戏 Wordle 外挂。@<a href=\"https://www.appinn.com/regdict/\">Appinn</a></p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1608\" height=\"700\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-30T151406.464.jpg\" alt=\"regdict - 可能是 Wordle 最佳外挂:带“正则”的开源英语词典 12\" class=\"wp-image-53030\" title=\"regdict - 可能是 Wordle 最佳外挂:带“正则”的开源英语词典 12\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-30T151406.464.jpg 1608w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-30T151406.464-768x334.jpg 768w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-30T151406.464-1536x669.jpg 1536w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-30T151406.464-804x350.jpg 804w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1608px) 100vw, 1608px\" /></figure>\n\n\n\n<p>感谢 @无宝 的推荐。</p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">regdict 规则</h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">基本规则</h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>. 匹配任意一个字母/音标</li>\n\n\n\n<li>+ 匹配一个或多个字母/音标</li>\n\n\n\n<li>* 匹配零个或多个字母/音标</li>\n\n\n\n<li>? 匹配一个可选项</li>\n\n\n\n<li>(abc) 匹配一个括号内的字母/音标</li>\n</ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">精确查询</h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>fantasy,查询单词 fantasy</li>\n</ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">前缀查询</h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>pro+ 查询前缀为 pro 的单词</li>\n</ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">后缀查询</h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>+i?ed</li>\n</ul>\n\n\n\n<p>以 <code>ed</code> 结尾,且在它前面可能有一个可选的 <code>i</code>,前面还至少有一个字母的单词</p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">长度查询</h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8230;s</li>\n</ul>\n\n\n\n<p>查询长度为 4 且以 s 结尾的单词</p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">或查询</h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>+(eo)r</li>\n</ul>\n\n\n\n<p>查询后缀为 er 或 or 单词</p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">解决今天的 Wordle</h2>\n\n\n\n<p>先在 regdict 中随便输入 &#8230;..:</p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1392\" height=\"1112\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250730144429@2x.avif\" alt=\"regdict - 可能是 Wordle 最佳外挂:带“正则”的开源英语词典 13\" class=\"wp-image-53024\" title=\"regdict - 可能是 Wordle 最佳外挂:带“正则”的开源英语词典 13\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250730144429@2x.avif 1392w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250730144429@2x-768x614.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1392px) 100vw, 1392px\" /></figure>\n\n\n\n<p>将 <kbd>aaron</kbd> 输入 Wordle,但是不认可,那就输入 <kbd>aback</kbd>:</p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1052\" height=\"1132\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250730144616@2x.avif\" alt=\"regdict - 可能是 Wordle 最佳外挂:带“正则”的开源英语词典 14\" class=\"wp-image-53025\" style=\"width:548px;height:auto\" title=\"regdict - 可能是 Wordle 最佳外挂:带“正则”的开源英语词典 14\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250730144616@2x.avif 1052w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250730144616@2x-768x826.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1052px) 100vw, 1052px\" /></figure>\n\n\n\n<p>看起来,这个单词有两个 A,其中第一个 A 位置正确,第二个不正确。</p>\n\n\n\n<p>继续,现在只需要 regdict 中搜索 AA&#8230;、A..A.,或者 A&#8230;A 就行了,那么拼一下运气,搜索 A..A.:</p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"648\" height=\"688\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250730144941@2x.avif\" alt=\"regdict - 可能是 Wordle 最佳外挂:带“正则”的开源英语词典 15\" class=\"wp-image-53026\" style=\"width:576px;height:auto\" title=\"regdict - 可能是 Wordle 最佳外挂:带“正则”的开源英语词典 15\"></figure>\n\n\n\n<p>这次确定了两个字母 A 的位置,那就继续从刚刚的搜索结果中查找,但目前已经排除了上面的 B、C、D、E、H、K 几个字母:algal、alias、asian、array,先随便试Line truncated
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"title": "阿里通信官网确认:阿里小号将于2025年8月31日起陆续停止服务",
"description": "来自阿里通信官网的消息:阿里小号将于2025年8月31日起陆续停止服务。@Appinn 具体公告如下: 业务调整公告 尊敬的用户您好: 根据运营商要求,阿里通信将不再使用手机号面向个人用户提供号码保护 ",
@@ -2595,28 +2485,6 @@
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"title": "Firefox 中国将于2025年9月29日正式终止运营",
"description": "Firefox 中国(北京火狐)刚刚在官网宣布:自 2025 年 9 月 29 日晚 24:00 起,Firefox 火狐中文官方网站(firefox.com.cn)、Firefox 火狐社区网站(m ",
"content": "\n<p>Firefox 中国(北京火狐)刚刚在<a href=\"https://www.firefox.com.cn/farewell/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">官网宣布</a>:<strong>自 <time datetime=\"2025-09-29T24:00:00+08:00\">2025 年 9 月 29 日晚 24:00</time> 起</strong>,Firefox 火狐中文官方网站(firefox.com.cn)、Firefox 火狐社区网站(mozilla.com.cn)、Firefox 火狐通行证账户服务(accounts.firefox.com.cn)及 Firefox 火狐主页(home.firefoxchina.cn)将正式停止运营,所有相关功能将终止。@<a href=\"https://www.appinn.com/firefox-china-shutdown-2025/\">Appinn</a></p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Firefox 火狐浏览器将继续作为网页浏览器使用,并保持正常更新。</strong></p>\n\n\n\n<p>从此,全世界将只有一个 Firefox,无论是国际版、中国版、还是火狐,都将只有一个 Firefox,别无分店。</p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1608\" height=\"700\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-27T221627.388.jpg\" alt=\"Firefox 中国将于2025年9月29日正式终止运营 11\" class=\"wp-image-52994\" title=\"Firefox 中国将于2025年9月29日正式终止运营 11\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-27T221627.388.jpg 1608w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-27T221627.388-768x334.jpg 768w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-27T221627.388-1536x669.jpg 1536w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-27T221627.388-804x350.jpg 804w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1608px) 100vw, 1608px\" /></figure>\n\n\n\n<p>全文如下:</p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1482\" height=\"642\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250727220923@2x.avif\" alt=\"Firefox 中国将于2025年9月29日正式终止运营 12\" class=\"wp-image-52993\" title=\"Firefox 中国将于2025年9月29日正式终止运营 12\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250727220923@2x.avif 1482w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250727220923@2x-768x333.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1482px) 100vw, 1482px\" /></figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">关于 Firefox 在中国持续运营但北京火狐关闭及 Firefox 账户服务终止的重要公告</h2>\n\n\n\n<p>亲爱的 Firefox 用户及 Firefox 社区成员:</p>\n\n\n\n<p>感谢您一直以来对 Firefox 及 Firefox 社区的支持与喜爱。多年来我们有幸与您共同成长,我们深感荣幸并心怀感激。Firefox 在中国的运营将发生一些变化,其中包括火狐通行证账户与同步功能的终止,但浏览器本身将继续正常运行并保持更新。</p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">背景说明:</h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Firefox 浏览器、Firefox 社区、Firefox 火狐通行证账户均为 Mozilla Corporation(以下简称“Mozilla”)的授权产品。经 Mozilla 授权,北京谋智火狐信息技术有限公司(以下简称“北京火狐”)在中国大陆负责部分 Firefox 浏览器相关业务。2025 年 5 月 8 日,Mozilla 与北京火狐达成一致,北京火狐将不再运营 Firefox 浏览器及任何与 Firefox 有关的中国大陆业务。因此,<strong>北京火狐将于&nbsp;<time datetime=\"2025-09-29T24:00:00+08:00\">2025 年 9 月 29 日</time>后,正式终止与 Mozilla 及 Firefox 浏览器相关的中国大陆运营。Firefox 浏览器将在中国大陆继续可用并保持全部功能。</strong></p>\n\n\n\n<p>现将北京火狐运营终止的相关事项通知如下:</p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>自即日起,Firefox 火狐中文官方网站 www.firefox.com.cn 将不再提供 Firefox 浏览器相关产品的下载。如需下载 Firefox,请访问:<a href=\"https://firefox.com/download?utm_source=www.firefox.com.cn&amp;utm_medium=referral\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https://firefox.com/download</a>。</li>\n\n\n\n<li>自即日起,Firefox 火狐通行证账户网站 accounts.firefox.com.cn 将不再接受新用户注册,并将于 2025 年 9 月 29 日后正式关闭。我们将不再同步和保存您的浏览信息。您现有的同步信息仍以加密形式存储在服务器上,但无法继续更新,并将于 2025 年 9 月 29 日后删除。请您尽快通过 Firefox 火狐浏览器登录您的火狐通行证账户,确保数据已经本地保存。您也可以按照<a href=\"https://support.mozilla.org/kb/back-and-restore-information-firefox-profiles?utm_source=www.firefox.com.cn&amp;utm_medium=referral\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">此处文档</a>中提供的方法进行数据备份。</li>\n\n\n\n<li>自即日起,Firefox 火狐社区网站 www.mozilla.coLine truncated
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"title": "Windows 有能疯狂弹窗提醒关机的软件吗?",
"description": "今天有位同学发来了一个问题,很有趣: 这大概是文明玩家?一不小心,天亮了。趁天亮前,先关机?从网友的评论来看: 以及: 青小蛙也觉得,弄一个定时插座好了,管他什么提醒,自动断电。虽然也有工具可以实现定 ",
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"title": "CasaOS – 您的个人云?不,你的傻瓜式 Docker 安装器。自带应用市场,可一键安装 135 个开源项目",
"description": "对于不愿意折腾的同学,根本不想自己搭建开源项目。 但如果有一个项目,它像一个完整的操作系统,有漂亮的界面,有应用商店,能一键搭建诸如 Calibre、Dify、Emby、handbrake、Home、 ",
"content": "\n<p>对于不愿意折腾的同学,根本不想自己搭建开源项目。</p>\n\n\n\n<p>但如果有一个项目,它像一个完整的操作系统,有漂亮的界面,有应用商店,能一键搭建诸如 Calibre、Dify、Emby、handbrake、Home、Assistant、Jellfin、Komga、n8n、Nextcloud、Ollama、Plex、qBittorrent、Syncthing、Vaultwarden、Wallabag 这样的开源项目,有没有感兴趣一点点?</p>\n\n\n\n<p>差不多有 135 个开源项目!</p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1608\" height=\"700\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-25T153948.507.jpg\" alt=\"CasaOS - 您的个人云?不,你的傻瓜式 Docker 安装器。自带应用市场,可一键安装 135 个开源项目 26\" class=\"wp-image-52962\" title=\"CasaOS - 您的个人云?不,你的傻瓜式 Docker 安装器。自带应用市场,可一键安装 135 个开源项目 26\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-25T153948.507.jpg 1608w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-25T153948.507-768x334.jpg 768w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-25T153948.507-1536x669.jpg 1536w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-25T153948.507-804x350.jpg 804w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1608px) 100vw, 1608px\" /></figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">CasaOS</h2>\n\n\n\n<p>CasaOS 就是这样的一个项目,只需要先在你的小主机、旧电脑、NAS、树莓派、Linux 虚拟机等机器上安装(一行命令):</p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\">\ncurl -fsSL https://get.casaos.io | sudo bash\n</pre></div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2166\" height=\"1236\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250725143523@2x.avif\" alt=\"CasaOS - 您的个人云?不,你的傻瓜式 Docker 安装器。自带应用市场,可一键安装 135 个开源项目 27\" class=\"wp-image-52952\" title=\"CasaOS - 您的个人云?不,你的傻瓜式 Docker 安装器。自带应用市场,可一键安装 135 个开源项目 27\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250725143523@2x.avif 2166w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250725143523@2x-768x438.jpg 768w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250725143523@2x-1536x876.jpg 1536w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250725143523@2x-2048x1169.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2166px) 100vw, 2166px\" /></figure>\n\n\n\n<p>如果和青小蛙一样碰到网络问题,会这样:</p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1586\" height=\"911\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250725145948@2x.avif\" alt=\"CasaOS - 您的个人云?不,你的傻瓜式 Docker 安装器。自带应用市场,可一键安装 135 个开源项目 28\" class=\"wp-image-52953\" title=\"CasaOS - 您的个人云?不,你的傻瓜式 Docker 安装器。自带应用市场,可一键安装 135 个开源项目 28\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250725145948@2x.avif 1586w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250725145948@2x-768x441.jpg 768w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250725145948@2x-1536x882.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1586px) 100vw, 1586px\" /></figure>\n\n\n\n<p>如果没有碰到网络问题,就能获得这样一个神奇的界面:</p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1468\" height=\"1075\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250725144305@2x.avif\" alt=\"CasaOS - 您的个人云?不,你的傻瓜式 Docker 安装器。自带应用市场,可一键安装 135 个开源项目 29\" class=\"wp-image-52954\" title=\"CasaOS - 您的个人云?不,你的傻瓜式 Docker 安装器。自带应用市场,可一键安装 135 个开源项目 29\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250725144305@2x.avif 1468w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250725144305@2x-768x562.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1468px) 100vw, 1468px\" /></figure>\n\n\n\n<p>这是官网提供的 DEMO 页面,任何人都可以直接尝试:</p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"http://demo.casaos.io/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://demo.casaos.io/</a></li>\n\n\n\n<li>用户名:<code>casaos</code></li>\n\n\n\n<li>密码:<code>casaos</code></li>\n</ul>\n\n\n\n<p>在安装成功之后,你也会得到这样一个页面,并且可以在左上角的设置图标中,Line truncated
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"title": "一人杀六王!北齐头号御用杀手刘桃枝是谁?",
"description": "<div><div><div class=\"rich_media_content\" id=\"js_content\"><section style=\"margin: 0px 8px 8px; padding: 0px; white-space: normal; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJxdXiby5XB2BE6S0ulr9Fs213uZ85nlxAalcgRcLFiaSVdOVlrtCZRibIw/640?wx_fmt=gif\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; height: auto !important;\" /></span><span><br /></span></section><section><span><br /></span></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK79LopbZsE6EhdkMXfODhSgYMmjoiaVcdN64W5ibcQZufdV10uEAELgYmdB5V03lBFosj8WNupkUSLg/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section><span><br /></span></section><section style=\"margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; white-space: normal; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><span>本 文 约 4000字</span></span><span><br /></span></section><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: normal;\"><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 8px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><section><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><span>阅 读 需 要 14 分钟</span></span></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style=\"margin: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在中国历朝历代的统治中,杀手的身影时隐时现。他们或被奉为侠义之士名垂青史,或被打上鹰犬爪牙的烙印遗臭万年。</span></font></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>北齐王朝的宫廷深处,曾活跃着一位令人谈之色变的杀手</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>——刘桃枝。刘桃枝历经高欢、高澄、高洋、高演、高湛、高纬六代君主,以残忍手段先后参与诛杀六位亲王、三位重臣,堪称北齐王朝最令人胆寒的暗影利刃。</span></font></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; margin: 8px;\"><a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDg1NjA2NA==&amp;mid=2651035606&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=95e5b910a9c15c3b861b33b6a6da3866&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK79LopbZsE6EhdkMXfODhSgm8ficzicia6B5NrGlusaXgN7eOICibBiaN5F1GFVcmThYonwQfdngGJ41wQ/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></span></a></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK79LopbZsE6EhdkMXfODhSgcQTvsbegRQqCv20njUiciaep5eVdolJ2AFeKGia0hedqaY9M8frTLqDIQ/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"margin: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><p></p></span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>这位北齐头号御用杀手,是如何在腥风血雨中淬炼而成的?他的结局又是怎样的?</span></font></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK79LopbZsE6EhdkMXfODhSgFgOEOibfcso2U6CWWUxj2SDn2cSR69ORqibfDZZpXbWo7HPISIvQlgcg/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK79LopbZsE6EhdkMXfODhSg0Tj1QQJOBGCDxnTBJYomUXVXR0dNN9XhC2ozJsTibicQR9XZL6pxyiacA/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></span></font></Line truncated
@@ -3686,28 +3532,6 @@
"hash": "19f9c0f19323462631fb983759ab12f4",
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{
"title": "Beijing registers first high-temperature day of 2025",
"description": "<div><div><p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/20/16687656342828036452.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>A resident uses an umbrella to block the sun during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p> <p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/40/3548850143781232288.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>A resident uses an umbrella to block the sun during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p> <p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/98/10966517081528407278.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>People take sun protection measures during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p> <p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/56/8542467418897210708.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>People take sun protection measures during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p> <p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/75/3400017695653677443.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>A citizen shops for watermelons to cool off during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p><p id='org_name'>Source: Ecns.cn</p></div></div>",
"content": "<div><div><p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/20/16687656342828036452.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>A resident uses an umbrella to block the sun during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p> <p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/40/3548850143781232288.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>A resident uses an umbrella to block the sun during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p> <p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/98/10966517081528407278.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>People take sun protection measures during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p> <p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/56/8542467418897210708.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>People take sun protection measures during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p> <p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/mediafile/pic/BIG/20250605/75/3400017695653677443.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p> <p>A citizen shops for watermelons to cool off during the first high-temperature day of the year in Beijing, June 5, 2025. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued an orange heat alert at 6 p.m. on June 4. (China News Service/Chen Fangting)</p><p id='org_name'>Source: Ecns.cn</p></div></div>",
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"link": "http://english.people.com.cn/n3/2025/0605/c90000-20323922.html",
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"pubDate": "Thu, 05 Jun 2025 16:37:43 +0800",
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"title": "Chinese VP to attend UN Ocean Conference in France, visit Spain",
"description": "<div><div><p>BEIJING, June 5 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice President Han Zheng will attend the UN Ocean Conference in Nice, France and visit Spain upon invitation from June 7 to 13, a Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson announced on Thursday. </p><p id='org_name'>Source: Xinhua</p></div></div>",
@@ -3730,28 +3554,6 @@
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{
"title": "双语百科:为什么鸟儿在黎明歌唱?",
"description": "<div><div class=\"mian_txt\" id=\"Content\">\n\n \n\n \n \n\n <p>清晨悦耳的鸟鸣让人心旷神怡,但是一天中的其他时间却很少能听到鸟叫。为什么鸟儿都喜欢在清晨歌唱?来本文中寻找答案吧。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<figure class=\"image\" style=\"display: table;\"> \n <img src=\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/04/66d7fb2da3108f29a8b65829.jpeg\" data-from=\"newsroom\" data-mimetype=\"image/jpeg\" id=\"img-66d7fb2da3108f29a8b65829\"> \n <figcaption style=\"display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom;\">\n Photo/Pexels \n </figcaption> \n</figure> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Wake up early enough and, depending on where you live, you’ll likely hear a pleasant chorus of birds chirping their tiny hearts out. This am avian arrangement is instinctual behavior for birds, but why?<br>早上起得够早的话,在你所住的地方也许能听到一阵悦耳的鸟鸣。在清晨歌唱是鸟的本能行为,但是鸟鸣为什么都在清晨呢?</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>According to the Woodland Trust, this early singing is known as the dawn chorus, and it can start as early as 4 am and last for several hours. Birds do it to attract mates and warn other birds to avoid their turf. One theory as to why they opt for the wee hours to communicate these important messages is because the low visibility makes it hard to do other bird activities, like foraging. Keeping their activity level low, they opt to sing instead.<br>林地信托机构称,鸟儿在清晨鸣叫最早从凌晨4点开始,可持续数个小时。鸟鸣叫是为了吸引配偶,也是为了警告其他鸟不要入侵自己的领地。关于鸟类为什么选择在凌晨传递这些重要信息,有一个理论是,凌晨能见度低,鸟类难以进行觅食等其他活动,既然无事可做,那么鸟儿就转而选择鸣叫。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Another theory argues that birds use the morning vocals to project an image of strength. By singing with fervor, they’re letting other birds know they survived the night—no guarantee in nature—and would make for an excellent mate.<br>另一种理论认为,鸟类利用晨鸣来展示自己的力量。通过热情地歌唱,它们让其他鸟儿知道自己已经安然度过黑夜——要知道自然界的动物过着朝不保夕的日子,不一定能看见明天的太阳——并能够成为出色的伴侣。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Like a good recording studio, the early morning hours also allow birds to transmit a clear tune thanks to the cooler, drier air. Because birds have distinctive chirps, that clarity helps them be more easily identified by birds within listening distance.<br>清晨的空气更凉爽、更干燥,就像一个效果很好的录音棚,鸟儿在此时歌唱能传递出清晰的音质。因为鸟儿的声音各有不同,这种清晰度可以让听得见的鸟儿更容易识别出它们的声音。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>There used to be a prevailing theory that birds sang so much in the mornings because the sounds could travel greater distances due to less atmospheric turbulence, but it was disproven by researchers at the University of Western Ontario in 2003. They played recordings of sparrows at dawn and midday. The songs didn’t travel farther, but they were more consistent.<br>过去有一个流行的理论认为,鸟儿最爱在清晨鸣叫是因为在气流稳定的时候声音能传播得更远。但是西安大略大学的研究人员在2003年否定了这一理论。研究人员在黎明和中午分别播放了麻雀的录音。然而麻雀声音并没有传播得更远,只不过黎明时分麻雀的叫声更连贯。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Because birds only have so much energy to belt one out, singing when they stand the best chance of being heard makes sense. For a bird, an early morning session is like having the perfect acoustic environment for their performance.<br>因为鸟儿只能用有限的精力来鸣叫,它们自然会选择在最可能被听到的时候歌唱。对一只鸟儿来说,清晨鸣叫相当于在最佳音效环境中表演。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>英文来源:Mental Floss</p> \n<p>编译:丹妮</p> \n<p>审校:董静、齐磊</p>\n\n </div></div>",
"content": "<div><div class=\"mian_txt\" id=\"Content\">\n\n \n\n \n \n\n <p>清晨悦耳的鸟鸣让人心旷神怡,但是一天中的其他时间却很少能听到鸟叫。为什么鸟儿都喜欢在清晨歌唱?来本文中寻找答案吧。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<figure class=\"image\" style=\"display: table;\"> \n <img src=\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/04/66d7fb2da3108f29a8b65829.jpeg\" data-from=\"newsroom\" data-mimetype=\"image/jpeg\" id=\"img-66d7fb2da3108f29a8b65829\"> \n <figcaption style=\"display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom;\">\n Photo/Pexels \n </figcaption> \n</figure> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Wake up early enough and, depending on where you live, you’ll likely hear a pleasant chorus of birds chirping their tiny hearts out. This am avian arrangement is instinctual behavior for birds, but why?<br>早上起得够早的话,在你所住的地方也许能听到一阵悦耳的鸟鸣。在清晨歌唱是鸟的本能行为,但是鸟鸣为什么都在清晨呢?</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>According to the Woodland Trust, this early singing is known as the dawn chorus, and it can start as early as 4 am and last for several hours. Birds do it to attract mates and warn other birds to avoid their turf. One theory as to why they opt for the wee hours to communicate these important messages is because the low visibility makes it hard to do other bird activities, like foraging. Keeping their activity level low, they opt to sing instead.<br>林地信托机构称,鸟儿在清晨鸣叫最早从凌晨4点开始,可持续数个小时。鸟鸣叫是为了吸引配偶,也是为了警告其他鸟不要入侵自己的领地。关于鸟类为什么选择在凌晨传递这些重要信息,有一个理论是,凌晨能见度低,鸟类难以进行觅食等其他活动,既然无事可做,那么鸟儿就转而选择鸣叫。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Another theory argues that birds use the morning vocals to project an image of strength. By singing with fervor, they’re letting other birds know they survived the night—no guarantee in nature—and would make for an excellent mate.<br>另一种理论认为,鸟类利用晨鸣来展示自己的力量。通过热情地歌唱,它们让其他鸟儿知道自己已经安然度过黑夜——要知道自然界的动物过着朝不保夕的日子,不一定能看见明天的太阳——并能够成为出色的伴侣。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Like a good recording studio, the early morning hours also allow birds to transmit a clear tune thanks to the cooler, drier air. Because birds have distinctive chirps, that clarity helps them be more easily identified by birds within listening distance.<br>清晨的空气更凉爽、更干燥,就像一个效果很好的录音棚,鸟儿在此时歌唱能传递出清晰的音质。因为鸟儿的声音各有不同,这种清晰度可以让听得见的鸟儿更容易识别出它们的声音。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>There used to be a prevailing theory that birds sang so much in the mornings because the sounds could travel greater distances due to less atmospheric turbulence, but it was disproven by researchers at the University of Western Ontario in 2003. They played recordings of sparrows at dawn and midday. The songs didn’t travel farther, but they were more consistent.<br>过去有一个流行的理论认为,鸟儿最爱在清晨鸣叫是因为在气流稳定的时候声音能传播得更远。但是西安大略大学的研究人员在2003年否定了这一理论。研究人员在黎明和中午分别播放了麻雀的录音。然而麻雀声音并没有传播得更远,只不过黎明时分麻雀的叫声更连贯。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Because birds only have so much energy to belt one out, singing when they stand the best chance of being heard makes sense. For a bird, an early morning session is like having the perfect acoustic environment for their performance.<br>因为鸟儿只能用有限的精力来鸣叫,它们自然会选择在最可能被听到的时候歌唱。对一只鸟儿来说,清晨鸣叫相当于在最佳音效环境中表演。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>英文来源:Mental Floss</p> \n<p>编译:丹妮</p> \n<p>审校:董静、齐磊</p>\n\n </div></div>",
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"title": "位于极地的极夜雨林会是什么样子的?",
"description": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-59ac417452ddaed44d1f41173ed45420_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>大约 5600 万年前的始新世时期, 全球气候炎热,地球进入了距人类最近的一个无冰时代,正在经历<strong>古新世 - 始新世极热事件</strong><sup>[1]</sup>。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-beceb02f7f7e210044316167c8fdd0fa_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>始新世海陆分布</figcaption></figure>\n<p>地球两极地区气候温暖,接近今天地中海北部海岸线的气候温度。</p>\n<p>夏季温暖,冬季温和,森林蔓延到南北两纬度 75°~80°的地方。</p>\n<p>在地球北极,森林占领了无冰的大陆, 一直延伸到北极圈超过 1000 km。</p>\n<p>北极圈树木参天,林中红木、雪松、山核桃、松树、云杉、铁杉、落叶松、桦树、银杏、水杉等树木竞长,高度可达 40 m,由此可见这片森林是以落叶树为主的森林<sup>[2]</sup>。</p>\n<p>在漫长的极夜里,高大挺拔的树木已摇落了一身碎叶,蓄势待发,等待着太阳重新从东方破晓。</p>\n<p>森林底部,体长约 9m 的鳄龙如幽灵一般在湖沼河流游荡,在暗夜的掩护下捕龟逮鱼。</p>\n<p>在低垂的天幕上,五彩极光如流动的丝绸,交织成巨大的光之穹顶,为极地森林披上一层神秘的辉光。</p>\n<p>5600 万年前的北极富有生机的地貌景观,与现今冰雪凛冬笼罩的冰原俨然不同。</p>\n<p>令人疑惑的一个谜题是:<strong>这些极地森林如何应对长达六个月的漫长暗夜?在没有光合作用的情况,这些树木如何生存?</strong></p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-ebdd2e259dee7e485090a1cbf75a60e1_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>新生代早期北极森林景象</figcaption></figure>\n<p><strong><strong>01 极地森林的发现</strong></strong></p>\n<p>20 世纪九十年代,全球大探索时代徐徐落下帷幕,从南美亚马逊雨林到亚洲高海拔西藏,从尼罗河源头到中国内陆的死亡之海罗布泊,西方探险家不知疲倦的填补着地球仪上人迹未到的空白。</p>\n<p><strong>此时,惟有气候恶劣的南极和北极还是未探索的处女地,但为了国家荣誉而战的探险家们已经欲欲跃试。</strong></p>\n<p>我们熟知的是英国探险家斯科特和他的同伴探险南极大陆而殒身,留下了伟大的悲剧。茨威格在《人类群星闪耀时》中这样评价斯科特:</p>\n<blockquote>在壮烈的搏击中,英勇的死,死犹胜生,奋发向上直抵无穷的意志将会从失败中复活。因为只有偶然成功和轻易得手才燃起人们的虚荣心,而一个人在和强大的、不可战胜的命运抗争中倒下去时却最能显示他高尚的心灵。</blockquote>\n<p><strong>在斯科特踏上南极冒险之旅的大约 30 年前, 在世界的另一端, 以挪威人弗里乔夫·南森为代表的极地探险家已经在北极圈内发现了植物化石。</strong></p>\n<p>随后,美国探险家布雷纳德在位于加拿大高纬度北极地区的埃尔斯米尔岛,并发现了树桩化石,后被称为“布雷纳德森林”。</p>\n<p>这些改写历史的证据表明,北极圈内曾有树木存活,甚至可能有森林。</p>\n<p>但这些证据都是小打小闹,直到 1985 年,加拿大高纬度地区阿克塞尔·海伯格岛的森林遗迹被发现,一个失落的北极森林世界为人类铺展而开。</p>\n<p>1985 年, 加拿大地质调查局的直升机飞行员保罗·塔奇发现了阿克塞尔·海伯格岛山脊上的树桩。</p>\n<p>猛烈的北极风吹走了地表的沙子,使得一节节的树桩裸露出来,形成迄今为止保存最完好的极地森林木乃伊。</p>\n<p>这片极地森林的保存依靠的是干化过程, 即恶劣的气候和凛冽的寒风直接风干树木躯干。</p>\n<p>在树干之间的落叶化石层中,沉积着保存完好的扁平叶片化石, 中最常见的是针叶植物水杉的羽状叶。</p>\n<p>通过年龄测定,确定这是一片 4500 万年前的森林。</p>\n<p>以如今北极圈荒凉苔原地貌的眼光来看,极地森林的出现不同寻常。</p>\n<p>但实际上,这才是地球更加正常的状态,在过去 5 亿年的 80%的时间里, 森林曾延伸到极地圈内, 甚至更远的地方。</p>\n<p><strong>地貌类型的分布与气候类型密切相关,过去的气候控制着森林在北方和南方高纬度地区的分布, 就像今天一样。 </strong></p>\n<p>现在北美的北方森林主要包括松树、落叶松和冷杉等针叶植物,以及桦树和杨树等落叶被子植物, 其领地延伸到北纬 69°。</p>\n<p>在北纬 69°以上的区域,永久冻土接近表土,冻结了树木的水分供给。液态水缺乏导致树木种群减Line truncated
"content": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-59ac417452ddaed44d1f41173ed45420_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>大约 5600 万年前的始新世时期, 全球气候炎热,地球进入了距人类最近的一个无冰时代,正在经历<strong>古新世 - 始新世极热事件</strong><sup>[1]</sup>。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-beceb02f7f7e210044316167c8fdd0fa_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>始新世海陆分布</figcaption></figure>\n<p>地球两极地区气候温暖,接近今天地中海北部海岸线的气候温度。</p>\n<p>夏季温暖,冬季温和,森林蔓延到南北两纬度 75°~80°的地方。</p>\n<p>在地球北极,森林占领了无冰的大陆, 一直延伸到北极圈超过 1000 km。</p>\n<p>北极圈树木参天,林中红木、雪松、山核桃、松树、云杉、铁杉、落叶松、桦树、银杏、水杉等树木竞长,高度可达 40 m,由此可见这片森林是以落叶树为主的森林<sup>[2]</sup>。</p>\n<p>在漫长的极夜里,高大挺拔的树木已摇落了一身碎叶,蓄势待发,等待着太阳重新从东方破晓。</p>\n<p>森林底部,体长约 9m 的鳄龙如幽灵一般在湖沼河流游荡,在暗夜的掩护下捕龟逮鱼。</p>\n<p>在低垂的天幕上,五彩极光如流动的丝绸,交织成巨大的光之穹顶,为极地森林披上一层神秘的辉光。</p>\n<p>5600 万年前的北极富有生机的地貌景观,与现今冰雪凛冬笼罩的冰原俨然不同。</p>\n<p>令人疑惑的一个谜题是:<strong>这些极地森林如何应对长达六个月的漫长暗夜?在没有光合作用的情况,这些树木如何生存?</strong></p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-ebdd2e259dee7e485090a1cbf75a60e1_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>新生代早期北极森林景象</figcaption></figure>\n<p><strong><strong>01 极地森林的发现</strong></strong></p>\n<p>20 世纪九十年代,全球大探索时代徐徐落下帷幕,从南美亚马逊雨林到亚洲高海拔西藏,从尼罗河源头到中国内陆的死亡之海罗布泊,西方探险家不知疲倦的填补着地球仪上人迹未到的空白。</p>\n<p><strong>此时,惟有气候恶劣的南极和北极还是未探索的处女地,但为了国家荣誉而战的探险家们已经欲欲跃试。</strong></p>\n<p>我们熟知的是英国探险家斯科特和他的同伴探险南极大陆而殒身,留下了伟大的悲剧。茨威格在《人类群星闪耀时》中这样评价斯科特:</p>\n<blockquote>在壮烈的搏击中,英勇的死,死犹胜生,奋发向上直抵无穷的意志将会从失败中复活。因为只有偶然成功和轻易得手才燃起人们的虚荣心,而一个人在和强大的、不可战胜的命运抗争中倒下去时却最能显示他高尚的心灵。</blockquote>\n<p><strong>在斯科特踏上南极冒险之旅的大约 30 年前, 在世界的另一端, 以挪威人弗里乔夫·南森为代表的极地探险家已经在北极圈内发现了植物化石。</strong></p>\n<p>随后,美国探险家布雷纳德在位于加拿大高纬度北极地区的埃尔斯米尔岛,并发现了树桩化石,后被称为“布雷纳德森林”。</p>\n<p>这些改写历史的证据表明,北极圈内曾有树木存活,甚至可能有森林。</p>\n<p>但这些证据都是小打小闹,直到 1985 年,加拿大高纬度地区阿克塞尔·海伯格岛的森林遗迹被发现,一个失落的北极森林世界为人类铺展而开。</p>\n<p>1985 年, 加拿大地质调查局的直升机飞行员保罗·塔奇发现了阿克塞尔·海伯格岛山脊上的树桩。</p>\n<p>猛烈的北极风吹走了地表的沙子,使得一节节的树桩裸露出来,形成迄今为止保存最完好的极地森林木乃伊。</p>\n<p>这片极地森林的保存依靠的是干化过程, 即恶劣的气候和凛冽的寒风直接风干树木躯干。</p>\n<p>在树干之间的落叶化石层中,沉积着保存完好的扁平叶片化石, 中最常见的是针叶植物水杉的羽状叶。</p>\n<p>通过年龄测定,确定这是一片 4500 万年前的森林。</p>\n<p>以如今北极圈荒凉苔原地貌的眼光来看,极地森林的出现不同寻常。</p>\n<p>但实际上,这才是地球更加正常的状态,在过去 5 亿年的 80%的时间里, 森林曾延伸到极地圈内, 甚至更远的地方。</p>\n<p><strong>地貌类型的分布与气候类型密切相关,过去的气候控制着森林在北方和南方高纬度地区的分布, 就像今天一样。 </strong></p>\n<p>现在北美的北方森林主要包括松树、落叶松和冷杉等针叶植物,以及桦树和杨树等落叶被子植物, 其领地延伸到北纬 69°。</p>\n<p>在北纬 69°以上的区域,永久冻土接近表土,冻结了树木的水分供给。液态水缺乏导致树木种群减少,Line truncated
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"link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9782929",
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"pubDate": "Thu, 31 Jul 2025 00:27:03 +0000",
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"title": "对一件事情很恐惧,却又希望它真的会发生,这是为什么?",
"description": "<div><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-0f52e798ede437aa2287d3ad5a5cde38_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p><strong>因为不确定性带来的压力比不可避免的痛苦更大。</strong></p>\n<p>伦敦大学学院的一项研究发现,人们面临有节能(50%)受到电击时,其心理压力水平显著高于必然(100%)受到电击。<sup>[1]</sup></p>\n<p>相关神经影像学研究表明,不确定性会激活大脑中与焦虑和预期相关的区域,如杏仁核和前额叶皮层,这些区域在面对不确定性时的活动水平,要高于面对确定性的痛苦。</p>\n<p>简单讲,就是等待靴子落地的焦虑引起的痛苦,要远大于听那「砰」的一声。</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/14350409618/answer/123453948006\">「已读不回」为何常常比「直接拒绝」更令人焦虑?</a></p>\n<hr>\n<p><strong>这种机制,本质上是一种对潜在威胁的过度警觉。</strong></p>\n<p>几万年前我们的祖先在森林里听到一声老虎的低吼,一定无法安心睡着,整夜都得提防着自己成为老虎的口粮。</p>\n<p>可老虎真来了,事情反倒可控了,无非是打得过就打,打不过就跑,横竖也就那几分钟的事儿。</p>\n<p>这种机制明显具有进化上的保护作用,但放到如今这个时代,它也可能给我们带来不必要的麻烦和痛苦。</p>\n<p>我们反复想象最坏结果的过程,实际上是一种心理准备机制——<strong>通过提前经历想象中的灾难,我们可以获得一种虚幻的控制感。</strong></p>\n<p>而恐惧本身——哪怕它只是想象中的,也会刺激肾上腺素和多巴胺的分泌,让我们产生一种兴奋感。</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/13321432144/answer/110458964283\">恐怖片受众往往是「越怕越爱看」,这类「安全恐惧」是如何刺激心理产生快感的?</a></p>\n<p><strong>这也是恐怖片和灾难片带给你爽感来源之一。</strong></p>\n<hr>\n<p>从这个角度,<strong>我们对恐惧事物的渴望,某种程度上可以看作是一种对生命感受的追求。</strong></p>\n<p>在安全之上的现代社会,强烈的恐惧感成为少数还能让我们感受到「真实活着」的情绪之一。</p>\n<p>我们对恐惧事物的渴望,可能是对平庸生活的一种反抗——<strong>即使是最糟糕的结果,也比虚无的日常更有意义感。</strong></p>\n<p><strong>甚至有时我们会期待灾难,因为只有灾难才能打破我们无力自行摆脱的生活僵局。</strong></p>\n<hr>\n<p>想要消除这种心理悖论,你可以考虑以下方法:</p>\n<ol>\n<li>承认恐惧与渴望恐惧的发生本身就可以共存,不必急于解决矛盾。</li>\n<li>试着将你的情绪具像化,用具体的描述来代替抽象的恐惧,区分真实的风险与想象的灾难。</li>\n<li>探究自己恐惧事物背后的象征意义,而不要仅停留在表面。</li>\n<li>将你的精力投向切实可控的小目标,打破灾难想象的链条。</li>\n</ol>\n<p>总而言之,<strong>我们对恐惧事物的渴望,也许只是对某种生活状态的渴望,而那种恐惧的事物,不过是恰好与之关联的符号罢了。</strong></p>\n<p>这种矛盾心理描述的是一种存在主义真相:<strong>人类既害怕变化,又厌倦停滞;既渴望安全,又向往刺激。在这些矛盾中纠结摇摆,本身就是我们活着的证明。</strong></p>\n</div>\n</div>\n\n\n<div><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/1924019921572050787\">查看知乎讨论<span></span></a></div>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n</div>",
@@ -4623,28 +4403,6 @@
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"title": "《红楼梦》中为何人物总爱冷笑?",
"description": "<div><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-a714347015b17af609b5a4503b030302_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>在这个问题上,现有的回答我以为还未能阐明要害,所以特别写一篇来商榷。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-9d6c2eeb51c5d513684c4ff568b86e29_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>《红楼梦赋》之梦游太虚境</figcaption></figure>\n<p><strong><strong>“冷笑”释义</strong></strong><strong><strong>1、词源</strong></strong></p>\n<p>“冷笑”这个词和“冷眼”不同,词义从近代汉语到现代汉语基本没有变化,都是在传达一种偏负面的情绪,以体现“不屑、讽刺、轻蔑、愠怒(气极而笑)”等等情感。</p>\n<p>目前查到这个词最早的出处是《北史·崔赡传》,当时朝廷讨论三恪之礼,崔赡不同意太子少傅魏收的意见,他的奏章呈上去,魏收读了“笑而不言”。</p>\n<p>崔赡性格简傲,当场发作道:</p>\n<blockquote>赡议若是,须赞其所长;若非,须诘其不允。<br>何容读国士议文,直此<strong>冷笑</strong>?</blockquote>\n<p>翻译下就是:</p>\n<p>魏收,你有话直说,有 P 就放,我说的对不对,你给个明白话,只顾冷笑,是什么意思?</p>\n<p>由此可见,这个词所代表的面部表情,从最初的时候起,就指向了某种负面色彩,才使得崔赡极为不爽。</p>\n<p><strong><strong>2、释例</strong></strong></p>\n<p>在白话小说中,众多“冷笑”的案例分别体现了下列情感——</p>\n<p><strong>轻蔑</strong></p>\n<blockquote>杜慎卿鼻子里冷笑了一声,向大小厮说道:“一个当书办的人都跑了回来讲究《四书》,圣贤可是这样人讲的!”<br>《儒林》第三十回</blockquote>\n<p><strong>愠怒(气极而笑)</strong></p>\n<blockquote>十娘放开两手,冷笑一声道:“为郎君画此计者,此人乃大英雄也!”<br>《警世通言·杜十娘》</blockquote>\n<p><strong>讥讽</strong></p>\n<blockquote>那挑酒的汉子,看着杨志冷笑道:“你这客官好不晓事。早是我不卖与你吃。”<br>《水浒》第十五回</blockquote>\n<p><strong>讥笑</strong></p>\n<blockquote>张任看见孔明军伍不齐,在马上冷笑曰:“人说诸葛亮用兵如神,原来有名无实!”<br>《三国》第六十四回</blockquote>\n<p><strong>不屑</strong></p>\n<blockquote>那女子冷笑道:“这等不禁插打,也值的来送死!”<br>《儿女英雄传》第六回</blockquote>\n<p><strong>嘲弄</strong></p>\n<blockquote>包公闻听,微微冷笑,道:“郭槐,你敢以刘后欺压本阁么?”<br>《三侠五义》第十九回</blockquote>\n<p><strong><strong>3、辨析</strong></strong></p>\n<p>此问题下,有回答举了《西游记》第十六回中的一例,认为孙悟空提到师父唐僧有个袈裟是宝贝时,观音院众僧“一个个冷笑”:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-cefb057879243c0421a0042d4b6052d1_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>这里需要分清,“冷笑”肯定是一种微表情,有别于“大笑、狂笑”,但并不能直接以“微笑”来代替。</p>\n<p>毕竟词语是有感情色彩的,汉语中的“微笑”代表了一种正面向的情绪,而“冷笑”则相反。</p>\n<p>在上述《西游记》的段落里,僧人们的“笑”无疑表达了一种“不屑”,就是觉得自己的师祖已经收藏了七八百件袈裟,什么高级货没见过,从而认为孙行者在说大话,要不就是没见识。</p>\n<p>这无论如何不是正常的社交表情。</p>\n<p><strong><strong>4、特例</strong></strong></p>\n<p>但在古典诗词系统中,“冷笑”有种特殊的用法,指“无奈的笑”,如:</p>\n<blockquote><strong>珠铅滴尽无心语,强把花枝冷笑看。</strong><br>张祜《相和歌辞·长门怨》<br><strong>归来冷笑悲身事,唤妇呼儿索酒盆。</strong><br>杜牧《哭韩绰》<br><strong>晓红初拆露香新,独立空山冷笑人。</strong><br>崔橹《山路见花》<br><strong>勿嫌步月临玄圃,冷笑乘槎向海滩。</strong><br>苏轼《题潭州徐氏春晖亭》</blockquote>\n<p>在这些句子里的“冷笑”,接近于今天的“苦笑”,包含着无可奈何的意味。</p>\n<p>由于“苦笑”这个词直到清代才出现,当诗人要表达相关情绪时,便使用了“冷笑”。</p>\n<p>不过在白话小说里,我并未见过这种用法,当然,或许有我未及之处,希望有人可以补证。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-0abad890ea33cdb9202f456538932e95_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>《红楼梦赋》之海棠结社</figcaption></figure>\n<p>再来看《红楼梦》中的“冷笑”。</p>\n<p><strong><strong>“冷笑”与翻译</strong></strong>Line truncated
"content": "<div><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-a714347015b17af609b5a4503b030302_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>在这个问题上,现有的回答我以为还未能阐明要害,所以特别写一篇来商榷。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-9d6c2eeb51c5d513684c4ff568b86e29_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>《红楼梦赋》之梦游太虚境</figcaption></figure>\n<p><strong><strong>“冷笑”释义</strong></strong><strong><strong>1、词源</strong></strong></p>\n<p>“冷笑”这个词和“冷眼”不同,词义从近代汉语到现代汉语基本没有变化,都是在传达一种偏负面的情绪,以体现“不屑、讽刺、轻蔑、愠怒(气极而笑)”等等情感。</p>\n<p>目前查到这个词最早的出处是《北史·崔赡传》,当时朝廷讨论三恪之礼,崔赡不同意太子少傅魏收的意见,他的奏章呈上去,魏收读了“笑而不言”。</p>\n<p>崔赡性格简傲,当场发作道:</p>\n<blockquote>赡议若是,须赞其所长;若非,须诘其不允。<br>何容读国士议文,直此<strong>冷笑</strong>?</blockquote>\n<p>翻译下就是:</p>\n<p>魏收,你有话直说,有 P 就放,我说的对不对,你给个明白话,只顾冷笑,是什么意思?</p>\n<p>由此可见,这个词所代表的面部表情,从最初的时候起,就指向了某种负面色彩,才使得崔赡极为不爽。</p>\n<p><strong><strong>2、释例</strong></strong></p>\n<p>在白话小说中,众多“冷笑”的案例分别体现了下列情感——</p>\n<p><strong>轻蔑</strong></p>\n<blockquote>杜慎卿鼻子里冷笑了一声,向大小厮说道:“一个当书办的人都跑了回来讲究《四书》,圣贤可是这样人讲的!”<br>《儒林》第三十回</blockquote>\n<p><strong>愠怒(气极而笑)</strong></p>\n<blockquote>十娘放开两手,冷笑一声道:“为郎君画此计者,此人乃大英雄也!”<br>《警世通言·杜十娘》</blockquote>\n<p><strong>讥讽</strong></p>\n<blockquote>那挑酒的汉子,看着杨志冷笑道:“你这客官好不晓事。早是我不卖与你吃。”<br>《水浒》第十五回</blockquote>\n<p><strong>讥笑</strong></p>\n<blockquote>张任看见孔明军伍不齐,在马上冷笑曰:“人说诸葛亮用兵如神,原来有名无实!”<br>《三国》第六十四回</blockquote>\n<p><strong>不屑</strong></p>\n<blockquote>那女子冷笑道:“这等不禁插打,也值的来送死!”<br>《儿女英雄传》第六回</blockquote>\n<p><strong>嘲弄</strong></p>\n<blockquote>包公闻听,微微冷笑,道:“郭槐,你敢以刘后欺压本阁么?”<br>《三侠五义》第十九回</blockquote>\n<p><strong><strong>3、辨析</strong></strong></p>\n<p>此问题下,有回答举了《西游记》第十六回中的一例,认为孙悟空提到师父唐僧有个袈裟是宝贝时,观音院众僧“一个个冷笑”:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-cefb057879243c0421a0042d4b6052d1_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>这里需要分清,“冷笑”肯定是一种微表情,有别于“大笑、狂笑”,但并不能直接以“微笑”来代替。</p>\n<p>毕竟词语是有感情色彩的,汉语中的“微笑”代表了一种正面向的情绪,而“冷笑”则相反。</p>\n<p>在上述《西游记》的段落里,僧人们的“笑”无疑表达了一种“不屑”,就是觉得自己的师祖已经收藏了七八百件袈裟,什么高级货没见过,从而认为孙行者在说大话,要不就是没见识。</p>\n<p>这无论如何不是正常的社交表情。</p>\n<p><strong><strong>4、特例</strong></strong></p>\n<p>但在古典诗词系统中,“冷笑”有种特殊的用法,指“无奈的笑”,如:</p>\n<blockquote><strong>珠铅滴尽无心语,强把花枝冷笑看。</strong><br>张祜《相和歌辞·长门怨》<br><strong>归来冷笑悲身事,唤妇呼儿索酒盆。</strong><br>杜牧《哭韩绰》<br><strong>晓红初拆露香新,独立空山冷笑人。</strong><br>崔橹《山路见花》<br><strong>勿嫌步月临玄圃,冷笑乘槎向海滩。</strong><br>苏轼《题潭州徐氏春晖亭》</blockquote>\n<p>在这些句子里的“冷笑”,接近于今天的“苦笑”,包含着无可奈何的意味。</p>\n<p>由于“苦笑”这个词直到清代才出现,当诗人要表达相关情绪时,便使用了“冷笑”。</p>\n<p>不过在白话小说里,我并未见过这种用法,当然,或许有我未及之处,希望有人可以补证。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-0abad890ea33cdb9202f456538932e95_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>《红楼梦赋》之海棠结社</figcaption></figure>\n<p>再来看《红楼梦》中的“冷笑”。</p>\n<p><strong><strong>“冷笑”与翻译</strong></strong></p>Line truncated
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"link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9782912",
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"pubDate": "Wed, 30 Jul 2025 00:27:08 +0000",
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"title": "为什么野生动物少有肥胖的现象?",
"description": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-fdbd28bdbe6b2c967a48a0844396189a_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>近年来出圈的动物园动物肥胖新闻,大多数是食肉目如老虎、豹、云豹。也许人们对猫比较感兴趣,也许人们看过比较多肥胖的猫,因此比较会判断猫的肥胖程度。</p>\n<p>那么,我们最近的亲戚——大猿的情况又如何呢?</p>\n<p>大猩猩和黑猩猩都给人肌肉发达,身手矫健的感觉,唯一显得很肥胖的非人大猿是猩猩(确切地说,是苏门答腊猩猩、婆罗洲猩猩和打巴奴里猩猩三个种),也叫红毛猩猩。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-dcb0ff240a95fa9c30e3e2495f38f1aa_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>猩猩看上去肚子很大,但这不是我们判断它肥胖的充分理由。猩猩的大肠特别宽大而且长,里面生活着许多细菌,可以分解树皮和树叶里的大量纤维。植食动物的消化系统某一部分扩大作为“发酵罐”是一个普遍现象,牛这样的反刍动物是胃特别扩大,非反刍动物一般就是肠子的某段。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-c8132441a93979ccfd4bbb7c20656515_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>红毛猩猩、黑猩猩、人的消化系统</figcaption></figure>\n<p>所以还要看一下猩猩的体脂肪率,才能确定它是不是真胖。</p>\n<p>这就要提到前面的一个知识点了,苏门答腊猩猩和婆罗洲猩猩是不同的物种。猩猩生活的东南亚,有一个特殊之处是野果的产量波动很大,而且婆罗洲的波动尤其大,所以在水果不足时,猩猩,尤其是婆罗洲猩猩会经历严重的饥荒。</p>\n<p>另一个值得注意的点是,圈养条件下的猩猩特别容易肥胖。于是就有人认为,这是一种节能配置。让猩猩可以在果实丰富时储存脂肪,在果实匮乏时消耗脂肪。所以至少猩猩是有可能肥胖的。</p>\n<p>然后我们来看一下《雄性大猩猩(Gorilla gorilla gorilla)的功能解剖及适应与雄性猩猩(Pongo pygmaeus)的比较》(Functional anatomy and adaptation of male gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) with comparison to male orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus))这篇文章,它介绍了圈养死亡的五个大猩猩和四个红毛猩猩的解剖记录。</p>\n<p>猩猩 1 号是最年轻的,大概 15~20 岁,死前长期患慢性肺炎,肌肉比率 33.9%,脂肪超过 20%。可能是长期患病拖垮了身体素质。</p>\n<p>猩猩 2 号只有肌肉量的数据。</p>\n<p>猩猩 3 号 31 岁,24 岁,死于急性腹膜炎。肌肉比率 35.9%,脂肪约 15%。</p>\n<p>猩猩 4 号年老且极端肥胖,肌肉比率 10.6%,脂肪 45%以上,即使按人类的标准也是非常肥胖了。要注意人类是陆地哺乳动物里脂肪比较多的,人类的正常体脂率对大多数陆地兽类都是肥胖。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-97ecd027499d29d722858a2aa63da31c_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>顺便讲两个大猩猩的情况:</p>\n<p>大猩猩里最年轻的是 2 号(27 岁),生活在很大的围场里,有很多设施让它爬着玩,它的肌肉比率是 46.4%,脂肪是 7~8%。相当于职业健美运动员的比例(生命在于运动!)。</p>\n<p>年纪最大的 1 号(37 岁),肌肉 34%,脂肪估计超过 20%,是所有大猩猩里最高的。但它不能算是胖,它去世时是所有大猩猩里最轻的。可见大猩猩也会有年老而肌肉流失的问题。</p>\n<p>所以动物园里的猩猩确实可能出现肥胖,而且可能非常严重。野生雄性猩猩的平均体重是 86.3 公斤,测量过最重的雄性猩猩为 189 公斤,这可能是一个极端肥胖的圈养个体。</p>\n<p>像人类一样,猩猩肥胖可能增加许多疾病的风险,比如高血压、心脏病、癌症、关节炎、呼吸系统问题、糖尿病、脂肪肝。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-285d69e1583dba3e8be952f1a066bf59_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>参考资料:</p>\n<p>Zihlman A L, Mcfarland R K, Underwood C E. Functional anatomy and adaptation of male gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) with comparison to male orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus)[J]. The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, 2011, 294(11): 1842-1855.</p>\n<p>O’Connell C A, DiGiorgio A L, Ugarte A D, et al. Wild Bornean orangutans experience muscle catabolism during episodes of fruit scarcity[J]. Scientific Reports, 2021, 11(1): 10185.</p>\n<p>Schmidt D A, Zoo L P. Orangutan Husbandry Manual Nutrition Chapter—2004[J]. Orangutan SSP. Brookfield Zoo, Illinois, 2004.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n\n\n<div><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/27971360\">查看知乎讨论<span></span></a></div>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n</div><br><hr><div>获Line truncated
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{
"title": "鬣狗作为最「无耻」的动物,为什么没有被大规模扑杀?",
"description": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-c387356546d926125c60bc4a01d529b8_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>从文化与心理层面来看,鬣狗常常遭受误解和排斥。</p>\n<p>更新:增加棕鬣狗的内容。</p>\n<p>部分人出于自身的好恶,确实不喜欢甚至讨厌鬣狗。它的外貌、身体姿态、奇特的笑声,以及掏肛捕食等行为,都被许多人认为恶心,阴险。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-57ccb69995286d7d24d68e43971a784d_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>加之流行文化中的再度塑造,如动画片《狮子王》中鬣狗群体被描绘成狡诈、残暴的反派角色,这些因素都在无形中加剧了公众对鬣狗的刻板印象。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-8cec1d67da1be240ace3ad4628f2d60f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>然而真实的鬣狗却是生态系统中不可替代的一环,它们通过猎杀或食用病弱个体,有效清除了草食动物种群中的病源,减缓疾病扩散,保持种群健康;它们与秃鹫等食腐动物协作处理尸体,维护生态清洁度,这种生态服务并非任何人工手段所能等效替代。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-ef4ec708f33eb7b3452d5c57c57a6aa2_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>鬣狗撕尸开道,秃鹫高空制导</figcaption></figure>\n<p>目前鬣狗的全球数量估计不超过五万只,而且还在逐渐减少。</p>\n<p>对它们的错误认知如果进一步演变为误导性的控制或清除措施,将可能给生态系统带来不可逆的后果。鬣狗根本不可能成为像鼠类或入侵物种那样的泛滥者,在生态系统中主动发动扩张,相反,其未来生存甚至仍然面临潜在危机。</p>\n<p>如果鬣狗在某一生态系统中完全消失,其后果将是灾难性的。首先,最直接的影响是尸体处理危机。以东非草原为例,一个中等规模的生态系统每年自然死亡的大型草食动物可达数千头,如果没有鬣狗这样的高效清道夫,这些尸体将在高温下迅速腐败,成为病原体的温床。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-9c89d5ddff5779d9a6e3e2cfb2f6ec4e_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>炭疽、布鲁氏菌病、口蹄疫等人畜共患病将在腐尸周围爆发性繁殖,通过土壤、水源和其他动物快速传播。据估算,一具未经处理的大型动物尸体可污染周围至少 100 平方米的土壤,病原体可在土壤中存活数年甚至数十年。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-e287b47181b4c3051bee6ced32d9a574_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>其次,生态系统的养分循环将严重受阻。鬣狗独特的消化系统能够完全分解骨骼,将其中的钙、磷等关键矿物质释放回环境。在非洲和亚洲的半干旱地区,这些矿物质对维持土壤肥力至关重要。失去鬣狗后,大量骨骼将长期堆积,导致局部土壤养分失衡,植被生产力下降 10-15%,进而影响整个食物链的能量流动。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-a90dde939f82269c5556db822bac0bf0_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>斑鬣狗(Crocuta crocuta)等鬣狗科动物的白色粪便是其独特骨食行为的直接产物,在自然界中极具辨识度</figcaption></figure>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-06a5c30f8774397ec86b535497af86c9_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>鬣狗粪便富含磷酸钙和碳酸钙的无机盐残渣,这些矿物质可占粪便干重的 30%至 50%以上,使其呈现典型粉白色外观。</figcaption></figure>\n<p>第三,种间竞争格局将发生剧变。鬣狗的消失意味着狮子、豹等其他大型食肉动物失去了重要的竞争对手,可能导致这些物种的过度扩张,打破原有的生态平衡。同时,野狗、豺等中型食肉动物将被迫承担更多的食腐任务,但它们的处理能力远不及鬣狗,且与人类接触更频繁,增加了疾病传播的风险。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-83340dccba6390c4ced5c5f7d1522c5b_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>从经济角度看,鬣狗消失将给人类社会带来巨大负担。仅以尸体处理成本计算,每吨动物尸体的人工处理费用在 300-2200 美元之间,全球范围内鬣狗每年处理的尸体总量保守估计超过 10 万吨,相当于为人类社会节省了 3000 万至 2.2 亿美元的处理费用。此外,疾病防控、生态修复、补充人工清理等间接成本更是难以估量。</p>\n<p>下面我们来详细看看鬣狗在生态系统中的具体作用。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-7e8909186c1a616495d7adc518eafa0f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>左上为斑鬣狗(群居捕猎,咬合力极Line truncated
"content": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-c387356546d926125c60bc4a01d529b8_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>从文化与心理层面来看,鬣狗常常遭受误解和排斥。</p>\n<p>更新:增加棕鬣狗的内容。</p>\n<p>部分人出于自身的好恶,确实不喜欢甚至讨厌鬣狗。它的外貌、身体姿态、奇特的笑声,以及掏肛捕食等行为,都被许多人认为恶心,阴险。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-57ccb69995286d7d24d68e43971a784d_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>加之流行文化中的再度塑造,如动画片《狮子王》中鬣狗群体被描绘成狡诈、残暴的反派角色,这些因素都在无形中加剧了公众对鬣狗的刻板印象。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-8cec1d67da1be240ace3ad4628f2d60f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>然而真实的鬣狗却是生态系统中不可替代的一环,它们通过猎杀或食用病弱个体,有效清除了草食动物种群中的病源,减缓疾病扩散,保持种群健康;它们与秃鹫等食腐动物协作处理尸体,维护生态清洁度,这种生态服务并非任何人工手段所能等效替代。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-ef4ec708f33eb7b3452d5c57c57a6aa2_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>鬣狗撕尸开道,秃鹫高空制导</figcaption></figure>\n<p>目前鬣狗的全球数量估计不超过五万只,而且还在逐渐减少。</p>\n<p>对它们的错误认知如果进一步演变为误导性的控制或清除措施,将可能给生态系统带来不可逆的后果。鬣狗根本不可能成为像鼠类或入侵物种那样的泛滥者,在生态系统中主动发动扩张,相反,其未来生存甚至仍然面临潜在危机。</p>\n<p>如果鬣狗在某一生态系统中完全消失,其后果将是灾难性的。首先,最直接的影响是尸体处理危机。以东非草原为例,一个中等规模的生态系统每年自然死亡的大型草食动物可达数千头,如果没有鬣狗这样的高效清道夫,这些尸体将在高温下迅速腐败,成为病原体的温床。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-9c89d5ddff5779d9a6e3e2cfb2f6ec4e_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>炭疽、布鲁氏菌病、口蹄疫等人畜共患病将在腐尸周围爆发性繁殖,通过土壤、水源和其他动物快速传播。据估算,一具未经处理的大型动物尸体可污染周围至少 100 平方米的土壤,病原体可在土壤中存活数年甚至数十年。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-e287b47181b4c3051bee6ced32d9a574_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>其次,生态系统的养分循环将严重受阻。鬣狗独特的消化系统能够完全分解骨骼,将其中的钙、磷等关键矿物质释放回环境。在非洲和亚洲的半干旱地区,这些矿物质对维持土壤肥力至关重要。失去鬣狗后,大量骨骼将长期堆积,导致局部土壤养分失衡,植被生产力下降 10-15%,进而影响整个食物链的能量流动。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-a90dde939f82269c5556db822bac0bf0_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>斑鬣狗(Crocuta crocuta)等鬣狗科动物的白色粪便是其独特骨食行为的直接产物,在自然界中极具辨识度</figcaption></figure>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-06a5c30f8774397ec86b535497af86c9_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>鬣狗粪便富含磷酸钙和碳酸钙的无机盐残渣,这些矿物质可占粪便干重的 30%至 50%以上,使其呈现典型粉白色外观。</figcaption></figure>\n<p>第三,种间竞争格局将发生剧变。鬣狗的消失意味着狮子、豹等其他大型食肉动物失去了重要的竞争对手,可能导致这些物种的过度扩张,打破原有的生态平衡。同时,野狗、豺等中型食肉动物将被迫承担更多的食腐任务,但它们的处理能力远不及鬣狗,且与人类接触更频繁,增加了疾病传播的风险。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-83340dccba6390c4ced5c5f7d1522c5b_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>从经济角度看,鬣狗消失将给人类社会带来巨大负担。仅以尸体处理成本计算,每吨动物尸体的人工处理费用在 300-2200 美元之间,全球范围内鬣狗每年处理的尸体总量保守估计超过 10 万吨,相当于为人类社会节省了 3000 万至 2.2 亿美元的处理费用。此外,疾病防控、生态修复、补充人工清理等间接成本更是难以估量。</p>\n<p>下面我们来详细看看鬣狗在生态系统中的具体作用。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-7e8909186c1a616495d7adc518eafa0f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>左上为斑鬣狗(群居捕猎,咬合力极强)Line truncated
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"link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9782895",
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"pubDate": "Tue, 29 Jul 2025 00:27:03 +0000",
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{
"title": "孩子问「为什么下雨的时候会打雷,而下雪的时候就不打雷呢?」,如何解释?",
"description": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-32295c96865d4ac62e9ec5da946ee0fc_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>看了一下还没有人正面回答,我就来写一下吧。</p>\n<p>小学自然老师教过我们,打雷是因为有的云带正电,有的云带负电,这些带正电和负电的云碰到一起,就打雷了。</p>\n<p>可是冬天也有厚厚的云啊,为什么冬雷震震这么不常见呢?</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-c2a794950a328f9af507d7f50e839daa_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>冬雷震震 夏雨雪 天地合 乃敢与君绝!</figcaption></figure>\n<p><strong>冬天空气更干燥</strong></p>\n<p>坦白地说,打雷的机制很复杂,人类并没有完全理解它。但我们已经知道,有没有打雷和空气中的水分多不多有直接的关系:</p>\n<ol>\n<li>当大气中的水蒸气凝结成小水滴时会释放热量,(粗暴地说)这种热量会为打雷提供能量;</li>\n<li>暖气流会把这些小水滴举升到约五到七千米高,过冷<sup>[1]</sup>的小水滴与冰晶不断碰撞形成较重的“软雹”并掉落至云的中下层,地球的自然电场令其积累负电,而较轻的冰晶积累正电继续抬升至云的上层,当积累到一定程度时,电位差增加到足够大,打雷就发生了。</li>\n</ol>\n<p>冬天的空气通常比较干燥,不像夏天含有那么多水分,因此不利于雷暴。(这与我们对干燥天气里毛衣易起静电的常识相反)</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-8b7f5ef787612d5a3569c0586716a27f_720w.gif?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>冬天空气更稳定</strong></p>\n<p>从上面的描述也能看出,空气的对流对打雷的形成也很重要。</p>\n<p>夏天阳光更强<sup>[2]</sup>,地面更热,地表附近的空气就不断地被地面更快加热而变轻并迅速上升,较冷的空气就会不断去填补,从而有更多的机会形成更强烈的上升气流,将温暖潮湿的地表空气更迅速地抬升到对流层的较高处,其中的水蒸气遇冷凝结成更多的小水滴(如果足够冷的话就是冰)并与冰晶产生更多地相互摩擦,从而导致更多的闪电。温带地区的冬天地表温度较低,意味着受地表加热而产生的热空间少得可怜<sup>[3]</sup>,对流的减少导致打雷机会的减少。</p>\n<p>简单地说,就是快速的垂直对流产生了更多的静电荷,从而产生了更多的闪电。而冬天缺少有这样的大气条件。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-879cce19c2eca4816a4d706d569fcd00_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>综上,下雨时打雷之所以比下雪时更常见,是因为冬天的空气更干燥,更稳定,所以下雪时缺少打雷的必要大气条件:更多的水分 + 更强的对流。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-dd502006e6e81f7a42e6b0d7a093de6d_720w.gif?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>孩子的每一个问题,都值得认真去回答。</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n\n\n<div><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/534027180\">查看知乎讨论<span></span></a></div>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n</div>",
@@ -4711,28 +4447,6 @@
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{
"title": "如果世界上有一种跟老虎体重差不多的飞禽(健康状态且能飞得很高),那它能打几只老虎?",
"description": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-464732da6105ca2fbe696a19056ba992_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p><strong>我就说知乎还没打过老虎的要注意点吧,今天轮到风神翼龙,下一个说不定就是你了:</strong></p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-f081aa64c9e929facc4b23df2fa39784_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>为什么我说是风神翼龙?</p>\n<p>题主很巧妙地给题目限制了飞禽。</p>\n<p>我猜题主出问题的时候脑子里面一定出现的是那些猛禽的样子:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-9342756b4581de025b1d62f1902cc4a1_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>金雕,体长一米左右,但是体重最重的也只有 6 公斤左右,一般是 3-6 公斤,它最猛的时候却可以捕猎小羊羔体型(20 斤左右)的猎物:</p>\n<p>老虎体重是 200 公斤左右,按照等比例换算的话,一只 200 公斤的神雕可以抓 800 公斤的猎物,那打老虎岂不是一次可以抓三个?</p>\n<p>但是现实中可不能直接这么算,生物长大的时候并不是等比例放大的。</p>\n<p>先来个概念:</p>\n<p><strong><strong>异速增长关系(Allometric scaling)*1</strong></strong></p>\n<p>‌指的是生物体的某些属性与体重或体积之间的非线性比例关系,最初<span>由 Otto Snell</span>于 1892 年首次提出,<span>达西·汤普森 (D'Arcy Thompson)</span>于 1917 年发表在<em><span>《论成长与形态》(On Growth and Form)</span></em><span>,朱利安 </span>·<span>赫胥黎</span>于 1932 年以公式发表。</p>\n<p>这种关系通常以幂函数的形式表示,<em>log y</em> = <em>α log x</em> + <em>log b</em></p>\n<p>其中<em>x</em>是身体尺寸,<em>y</em>是器官尺寸,<em>log b</em>是直线在 y 轴上的截距,α 是直线的斜率,也称为异速生长系数。</p>\n<p>举个简单的例子,当时赫胥黎发现雄性招潮蟹<em>Uca pugnax 的第一对钳子(螯)真是超乎寻常的大:</em></p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-162d8e5b116a1a8af30a257ee0f1345c_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>于是他测量了不同发育阶段螃蟹的体型和螯尺寸,并将两者之间的关系绘制在图表上。结果是曲线关系,这条线的斜率比 1 要陡。这意味着,随着时间的推移,身体尺寸每增加一个单位,螯尺寸就会按比例增加。因此,赫胥黎推断,招潮蟹的螯之所以如此地大,是因为<em>螯</em>的生长速度比身体其他部分快。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-21433b97b848f4a578d913c3fa1339f3_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>这还是同一物种,小时候的招潮蟹钳子比例还相对正常,当它成长起来以后比例就不对了。</p>\n<p>要是不同物种的话问题更大,简单来说,把猫等比例放大能变成老虎吗?</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-df77aeee2719bb6823b15f899d535843_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>答案是否定的。</p>\n<p>对于一般的物体来说<span>等比例缩放受平方立方定律</span>支配。</p>\n<p>假如生物体是个无机的立方体的话,你会发现放大的时候其可用的表面积将增加四倍,而其体积和质量将增加八倍。</p>\n<p>这可能会给有机的活体生物带来大麻烦。在上述情况下,动物现在需要支撑八倍身体的生物活性组织,但其呼吸和消化的表面积仅增加了四倍,导致缩放和物理需求之间的不匹配。</p>\n<p>骨骼也是同样的道理,体重放大以后还能否支撑对应体重?</p>\n<p>所以不能简单类推的,如果要把猫放大到老虎的样子,那么为了支撑体重,老虎的爪子应该跟河马的一样大,但是老虎的爪子看起来还挺正常?那是因为老虎的肉垫比猫的厚很多。</p>\n<p>科学家 Chi 等对 47 种食肉动物的脚分析显示,它们的肉垫面积的增加速度与身体尺寸的增加速度不同。但脚垫的硬度和厚度确实会随着尺寸的增加而增加,这就是防止较大动物的脚变得笨重的原因。*2</p>\n<p>所以对于鸟也是同样的道理,你不能说金雕放大 40 倍就变成了可以和老虎打的 250 公斤神雕。</p>\n<p>尤其是你还要让它飞起来。</p>\n<p><strong>飞行,没你想的那么简单</strong></p>\n<p>现在我们又来思考一个问题,飞机为什么能飞?</p>\n<p>可能你立马会想到一个简单的答案》》伯努利原理:机翼的特殊设计使得上方空气流速加快,压强降低,下方空气流速较慢,压强大,从而产生向上的升力。</p>\n<p>要是事情真的这么简单,制造飞行器的时候就不会花那么多钱修风洞来测试了。</p>\n<p>实际生活中,飞机为了能飞起来,还要考虑机翼的形状(翼型)、攻Line truncated
"content": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-464732da6105ca2fbe696a19056ba992_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p><strong>我就说知乎还没打过老虎的要注意点吧,今天轮到风神翼龙,下一个说不定就是你了:</strong></p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-f081aa64c9e929facc4b23df2fa39784_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>为什么我说是风神翼龙?</p>\n<p>题主很巧妙地给题目限制了飞禽。</p>\n<p>我猜题主出问题的时候脑子里面一定出现的是那些猛禽的样子:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-9342756b4581de025b1d62f1902cc4a1_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>金雕,体长一米左右,但是体重最重的也只有 6 公斤左右,一般是 3-6 公斤,它最猛的时候却可以捕猎小羊羔体型(20 斤左右)的猎物:</p>\n<p>老虎体重是 200 公斤左右,按照等比例换算的话,一只 200 公斤的神雕可以抓 800 公斤的猎物,那打老虎岂不是一次可以抓三个?</p>\n<p>但是现实中可不能直接这么算,生物长大的时候并不是等比例放大的。</p>\n<p>先来个概念:</p>\n<p><strong><strong>异速增长关系(Allometric scaling)*1</strong></strong></p>\n<p>‌指的是生物体的某些属性与体重或体积之间的非线性比例关系,最初<span>由 Otto Snell</span>于 1892 年首次提出,<span>达西·汤普森 (D'Arcy Thompson)</span>于 1917 年发表在<em><span>《论成长与形态》(On Growth and Form)</span></em><span>,朱利安 </span>·<span>赫胥黎</span>于 1932 年以公式发表。</p>\n<p>这种关系通常以幂函数的形式表示,<em>log y</em> = <em>α log x</em> + <em>log b</em></p>\n<p>其中<em>x</em>是身体尺寸,<em>y</em>是器官尺寸,<em>log b</em>是直线在 y 轴上的截距,α 是直线的斜率,也称为异速生长系数。</p>\n<p>举个简单的例子,当时赫胥黎发现雄性招潮蟹<em>Uca pugnax 的第一对钳子(螯)真是超乎寻常的大:</em></p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-162d8e5b116a1a8af30a257ee0f1345c_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>于是他测量了不同发育阶段螃蟹的体型和螯尺寸,并将两者之间的关系绘制在图表上。结果是曲线关系,这条线的斜率比 1 要陡。这意味着,随着时间的推移,身体尺寸每增加一个单位,螯尺寸就会按比例增加。因此,赫胥黎推断,招潮蟹的螯之所以如此地大,是因为<em>螯</em>的生长速度比身体其他部分快。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-21433b97b848f4a578d913c3fa1339f3_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>这还是同一物种,小时候的招潮蟹钳子比例还相对正常,当它成长起来以后比例就不对了。</p>\n<p>要是不同物种的话问题更大,简单来说,把猫等比例放大能变成老虎吗?</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-df77aeee2719bb6823b15f899d535843_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>答案是否定的。</p>\n<p>对于一般的物体来说<span>等比例缩放受平方立方定律</span>支配。</p>\n<p>假如生物体是个无机的立方体的话,你会发现放大的时候其可用的表面积将增加四倍,而其体积和质量将增加八倍。</p>\n<p>这可能会给有机的活体生物带来大麻烦。在上述情况下,动物现在需要支撑八倍身体的生物活性组织,但其呼吸和消化的表面积仅增加了四倍,导致缩放和物理需求之间的不匹配。</p>\n<p>骨骼也是同样的道理,体重放大以后还能否支撑对应体重?</p>\n<p>所以不能简单类推的,如果要把猫放大到老虎的样子,那么为了支撑体重,老虎的爪子应该跟河马的一样大,但是老虎的爪子看起来还挺正常?那是因为老虎的肉垫比猫的厚很多。</p>\n<p>科学家 Chi 等对 47 种食肉动物的脚分析显示,它们的肉垫面积的增加速度与身体尺寸的增加速度不同。但脚垫的硬度和厚度确实会随着尺寸的增加而增加,这就是防止较大动物的脚变得笨重的原因。*2</p>\n<p>所以对于鸟也是同样的道理,你不能说金雕放大 40 倍就变成了可以和老虎打的 250 公斤神雕。</p>\n<p>尤其是你还要让它飞起来。</p>\n<p><strong>飞行,没你想的那么简单</strong></p>\n<p>现在我们又来思考一个问题,飞机为什么能飞?</p>\n<p>可能你立马会想到一个简单的答案》》伯努利原理:机翼的特殊设计使得上方空气流速加快,压强降低,下方空气流速较慢,压强大,从而产生向上的升力。</p>\n<p>要是事情真的这么简单,制造飞行器的时候就不会花那么多钱修风洞来测试了。</p>\n<p>实际生活中,飞机为了能飞起来,还要考虑机翼的形状(翼型)、攻角(Line truncated
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"link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9782867",
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"pubDate": "Mon, 28 Jul 2025 00:27:03 +0000",
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"title": "为什么老师一道题反反复复讲了很多遍,孩子依然啥也不会?",
"description": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-e7d8f039fa313527e1d426967703c7e7_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<h2>因为<a href=\"https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/1919436287145927324\">你无法教授他们尚未准备好理解的知识</a></h2>\n<p>如果老师一道题反反复复讲了很多遍,孩子依然啥也不会,这背后最根本的原因是:<strong>老师只是在「呈现」知识,而孩子的大脑还没有准备好去「建构」这些知识。</strong></p>\n<p>你不能像给电脑安装软件一样,通过解释把一个概念直接「灌输」到孩子的大脑里。学习是一个主动的、内在的「建构」过程。孩子必须基于自己已有的知识和经验,找到一个切入点,一个能与新概念产生共鸣的「个人理解」,然后才能真正吸收它。</p>\n<p>这种情况下,老师反复讲,孩子依然不会,往往是因为以下几点:</p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>老师颠倒了教学顺序。</strong> 老师很可能是一上来就给出公式、定义、规则这些形式化的东西(比如 <code>p=m/V</code>),然后期望孩子自己去建立对这些抽象符号的直觉理解。这就像把一个新手直接推到一堵概念的高墙前,然后让他自己使劲往上撞。这种做法只会筛选出那些特别执着或者特别有「受虐倾向」的孩子,而大多数孩子只会在反复的挫败中感到厌恶和无助。<br><br></li>\n<li><strong>孩子的「前置知识」与老师的讲解不匹配。</strong> 每个孩子的知识背景和生活体验都是独一无二的。老师讲解时所依赖的类比或联系点,可能对这个孩子有效,但对另一个孩子完全无效。如果老师没有意识到这一点,只是用同一种方式反复讲解,那无异于对着一台使用不同操作系统的电脑,反复输入同一串无效的指令。<br><br></li>\n<li><strong>老师没有扮演好「引导者」的角色。</strong> 一个好的老师,不应该是知识的「呈现者」,而应该是孩子学习过程的「促进者」。他需要去理解孩子已有的认知模型是什么样的,然后设计一系列循序渐进的练习或问题,引导孩子通过自己的思考、猜测和犯错,一步步修正自己脑中的模型,最终自己「建构」起对新知识的直觉理解。当孩子有了那种「啊哈!」的顿悟时刻之后,老师再给出数学符号或专业术语,那只是给孩子已经理解的东西贴上一个标签而已。<br><br></li>\n<li><strong>孩子可能真的「还没准备好」。</strong> 就像一本书,你现在读不懂,可能不是书本身不好,而是你的人生经验和知识储备还没有达到能与它共鸣的程度。对于某个特定的数学或物理概念,孩子可能确实缺乏必要的、更底层的物理体验或直觉认知作为「跳板」。在这种情况下,反复讲解只会加剧孩子的挫败感,让他开始厌恶学习。</li>\n</ol>\n<blockquote>以下内容摘自 <a href=\"http://www.zhihu.com/people/4c592f496dc33822b560b382907ff1d0\">@Thoughts Memo</a> 汉化组的译文《<a href=\"https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/1919436287145927324\">你无法教授他们尚未准备好理解的知识</a>》</blockquote>\n<p>有一句古老的英语谚语说<a href=\"http://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/you-can-lead-a-horse-to-water.html%3Fref%3Dcommoncog.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">牵马到河边</a>(译注:完整版是「你可以牵马到河边,但你不能强迫它喝水」)——这句谚语自 12 世纪以来一直被人们使用。基于我们对人类学习方式的了解,我们大概可以将这句话改编为更符合现代语境的表述:「你可以引导学生接触认知模型,但无法强迫他们接受」。</p>\n<p>自从我阅读并总结了 Greg Wilson 的 <a href=\"http://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//commoncog.com/teaching-tech-together/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">Teaching Tech Together</a> 以来,我一直在思考 Seymour Papert 的理念——这本书表面上讲的是如何向初学者教授计算机编程,实际上却是对人类学习机制的全面概述。</p>\n<p>在那篇总结中,我引用了 Amy Ko 对 Papert 研究的<a href=\"http://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//medium.com/bits-and-behavior/mindstorms-what-did-papert-argue-and-what-does-it-mean-for-learning-and-education-c8324b58aca4%3Fref%3Dcommoncog.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">精彩总结</a>,她写道:</p>\n<blockquote>Papert 进一步论证,那些依赖牛顿公式的科学家和工程师同样不是通过直接将公式灌输到大脑中来学习的,相反,他们必须基于自己的前置知识来构建对公式含义的个人理解,比如他们骑自行车或打台球的物理体验。你可能还记得坐在物理课上的情景,绞尽脑汁试图Line truncated
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"title": "既然哺乳动物都是硬骨鱼,那么鲸鱼也是一种鱼,有什么错?",
"description": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-077807fc14f170449c0283526dbd4dfa_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>来,进入你的故事:</p>\n<p>你是一个生物学家。在未来,地球人发明了时空穿越技术,打开了通往异世界的通道,你作为科考队的一员来到一片陌生的大陆:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-089dfbf3cd6d2c7d74f52a87323710fe_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>在这里,你们(用很人道的方式)观测到各种生物标本,其中一些有很明显的亲缘关系:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-28ea4a70ebb4a66983522783544294e0_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>根据外观和基本结构,结合生物学家的经验,你给这些标本命名并且初步进行了分类,那个长得最像地球人的物种被称为“长身人”,其他稍有区别的物种命名为“精灵”和“矮人”,统称为“亚人”:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-6c25679c51545b37530143f16723e4a2_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>严正声明:考察活动完全在高维度进行,没有对研究对象造成任何影响。</p>\n<p>随着研究的深入,你发现“矮人”其实不是一个单一物种,而是至少三个不同的物种。于是,你把他们分别命名为“矮人”、“地精”、“半身人”,统称为“小矮人”。你仍然认为“小矮人”之间的亲缘关系很近,而精灵和长身人亲缘关系更近:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-747551c8d346d9abdff660b522af05be_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>你把一些样本寄到地球研究中心去检测。再次声明:样品采集没有对研究对象造成任何可观测到的影响。</p>\n<p>检测结果出来了,让你大跌眼镜:分子生物学显示,半身人其实和长身人亲缘关系更近,而精灵和矮人、地精的亲缘关系更近,你重新画了系统发生图:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-499d4c3411757c1cfd741b80c8be8ff5_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>对遗传物质的分析甚至可以确定这些物种的最近共同祖先的生活年代。于是你在系统发生图上添加了时间坐标:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-327a0c1062eade11c8529cf108c472c8_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>现在你知道,他们都是由生活在 50 万年前的共同祖先分化而来。30 万年前,精灵的祖先和矮人、地精的祖先分家。长身人和半身人在 20 万年前分化。矮人和地精直到 10 万年前才分化,他们的亲缘关系非常近。</p>\n<p>根据这些证据,你按照支序分类学对这些物种进行分类:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-66847d0507607d35ae1b0191ec07e89f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>是这样吗?好像不太对,于是你又稍微修改了一下:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-1248b8709d584506d6981663b850a4de_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>后来,科考队的地质研究同事完成了地层扫描,把发现的化石资料转交给你。经过一段时间的研究,你又鉴定出三个已经灭绝的人类科物种,标注在系统发生图上:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-3109c71aed5ee0c4f694e1a55847c6a0_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>至此,你基本完成了《关于异世界 MGF-9125 人类科生物学特征和支序分类学研究》,把它附在了发给科考项目部的报告里。</p>\n<p>在上面的例子里,你的研究简单再现了生物分类学的发展历程。从根据形态学、解剖学、胚胎发育学进行分类,逐渐过渡到融合各学科(包括分子生物学、古生物学等等),以生物类群之间的亲缘关系为基准的<strong>系统发生学(或者叫支序分类学)</strong>分类。</p>\n<p>系统发生学(或者叫支序分类学)的原则是所有的生物类群都只能是<strong>单系群</strong>。单系群就是由一个共同祖先的<strong>所有</strong>后代组成。你最终完成的系统发生图中的每个圈子都代表一个单系群:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-3109c71aed5ee0c4f694e1a55847c6a0_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>只有单系群才是有效的系统发生学分类。</strong></p>\n<p>和单系群相对,还有<strong>并系群</strong>和<strong>多系群(也叫复系群)</strong>的概念。</p>\n<p>还记得你曾经把长身人之外的人类科物种叫“亚人”吗?这就是一个并系群的例子:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-2de7d6edfc1ce8ce2cc579a39422735b_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>并系群</strong>的定义是:<strong>有同一个共同祖先,但不包括这个共同Line truncated
"content": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-077807fc14f170449c0283526dbd4dfa_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>来,进入你的故事:</p>\n<p>你是一个生物学家。在未来,地球人发明了时空穿越技术,打开了通往异世界的通道,你作为科考队的一员来到一片陌生的大陆:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-089dfbf3cd6d2c7d74f52a87323710fe_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>在这里,你们(用很人道的方式)观测到各种生物标本,其中一些有很明显的亲缘关系:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-28ea4a70ebb4a66983522783544294e0_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>根据外观和基本结构,结合生物学家的经验,你给这些标本命名并且初步进行了分类,那个长得最像地球人的物种被称为“长身人”,其他稍有区别的物种命名为“精灵”和“矮人”,统称为“亚人”:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-6c25679c51545b37530143f16723e4a2_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>严正声明:考察活动完全在高维度进行,没有对研究对象造成任何影响。</p>\n<p>随着研究的深入,你发现“矮人”其实不是一个单一物种,而是至少三个不同的物种。于是,你把他们分别命名为“矮人”、“地精”、“半身人”,统称为“小矮人”。你仍然认为“小矮人”之间的亲缘关系很近,而精灵和长身人亲缘关系更近:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-747551c8d346d9abdff660b522af05be_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>你把一些样本寄到地球研究中心去检测。再次声明:样品采集没有对研究对象造成任何可观测到的影响。</p>\n<p>检测结果出来了,让你大跌眼镜:分子生物学显示,半身人其实和长身人亲缘关系更近,而精灵和矮人、地精的亲缘关系更近,你重新画了系统发生图:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-499d4c3411757c1cfd741b80c8be8ff5_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>对遗传物质的分析甚至可以确定这些物种的最近共同祖先的生活年代。于是你在系统发生图上添加了时间坐标:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-327a0c1062eade11c8529cf108c472c8_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>现在你知道,他们都是由生活在 50 万年前的共同祖先分化而来。30 万年前,精灵的祖先和矮人、地精的祖先分家。长身人和半身人在 20 万年前分化。矮人和地精直到 10 万年前才分化,他们的亲缘关系非常近。</p>\n<p>根据这些证据,你按照支序分类学对这些物种进行分类:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-66847d0507607d35ae1b0191ec07e89f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>是这样吗?好像不太对,于是你又稍微修改了一下:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-1248b8709d584506d6981663b850a4de_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>后来,科考队的地质研究同事完成了地层扫描,把发现的化石资料转交给你。经过一段时间的研究,你又鉴定出三个已经灭绝的人类科物种,标注在系统发生图上:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-3109c71aed5ee0c4f694e1a55847c6a0_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>至此,你基本完成了《关于异世界 MGF-9125 人类科生物学特征和支序分类学研究》,把它附在了发给科考项目部的报告里。</p>\n<p>在上面的例子里,你的研究简单再现了生物分类学的发展历程。从根据形态学、解剖学、胚胎发育学进行分类,逐渐过渡到融合各学科(包括分子生物学、古生物学等等),以生物类群之间的亲缘关系为基准的<strong>系统发生学(或者叫支序分类学)</strong>分类。</p>\n<p>系统发生学(或者叫支序分类学)的原则是所有的生物类群都只能是<strong>单系群</strong>。单系群就是由一个共同祖先的<strong>所有</strong>后代组成。你最终完成的系统发生图中的每个圈子都代表一个单系群:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-3109c71aed5ee0c4f694e1a55847c6a0_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>只有单系群才是有效的系统发生学分类。</strong></p>\n<p>和单系群相对,还有<strong>并系群</strong>和<strong>多系群(也叫复系群)</strong>的概念。</p>\n<p>还记得你曾经把长身人之外的人类科物种叫“亚人”吗?这就是一个并系群的例子:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-2de7d6edfc1ce8ce2cc579a39422735b_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>并系群</strong>的定义是:<strong>有同一个共同祖先,但不包括这个共同祖先Line truncated
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"link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9782837",
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"pubDate": "Sun, 27 Jul 2025 00:27:03 +0000",
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"title": "如果有一颗恒星,闯入太阳系,会造成什么后果?",
"description": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-b17e917a72231652beb22861fe2a8bab_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>你知道离太阳最近的恒星是哪颗么?</p>\n<p>啥?三体那个比邻星?</p>\n<p>尼安德特人表示不同意。</p>\n<p>因为在大约 7 万年前,也就是早期智人决定走出非洲的那个时候,一颗叫舒尔茨之星(Scholz's Star)的恒星系统(一颗红矮星带着个褐矮星)真的闯进过太阳系,那时它们离地球只有 0.5~0.82 光年,比那个三体近多了。</p>\n<p>这个距离是什么概念呢?太阳系外围的奥尔特云,离太阳也有 1 光年。当时舒尔茨之星就是直接从奥尔特云中穿过去的。我们知道,奥尔特云里都是太阳系形成后的残存物质,是彗星们的老家。虽然它的距离比冥王星远百倍,但奥尔特云天体与太阳系的结合非常松散,这意味着一个非常小的引力就足以显着改变它们的轨道。舒尔茨之星的引力完全足以“踢乱”彗星的轨道了,从而使得一部分彗星冲到太阳系内部来。</p>\n<p>2018 年,天文学家研究了 339 颗轨道很特别的彗星(双曲线轨道,像是被甩进来的),发现有 36 个奥尔特云天体分布明显“过密”,往回推的话,都指向双子座那片天区——正好是 7 万年舒尔茨之星经过的地方,有过“亲密接触”,这些彗星受到的引力干扰偏移,就是那次相遇留下的“痕迹”。</p>\n<p>每当一颗恒星经过奥尔特云时,在接下来的几百万年里,我们与来自奥尔特云的来袭物体发生碰撞的风险就会增加。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-c9ba63a296d7a1343b5317b1d2b9e180_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong><strong>万一有颗恒星冲得更近呢?</strong></strong></p>\n<p>舒尔茨之星那次毕竟离得还不算近,还在冥王星之外好远的地方,影响的主要还是奥尔特云,对行星轨道没啥大影响。如果再近一些,闯到了海王星轨道以内(约 30 天文单位),那太阳系会怎么样呢?</p>\n<p>按照计算,大约每 30 万年,就会有一颗恒星距我们 1 光年以内;每十亿年,就会有一颗恒星出现在大约 1500 个天文单位的范围内<sup>[1]</sup>。 在这个距离内,即使是微小的引力变化,也会在宇宙时间尺度上导致灾难性的结果。</p>\n<p>除了会搅动奥尔特云和柯伊伯带、无数冰块会像雨点一样砸向内太阳系、导致地球被撞的风险暴增以外,还有更加危险的事情在等着小蓝星。</p>\n<p><strong>如果它冲进内太阳系,那么大灾难将降临。</strong></p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-65a08a5cdf71d2e8e8a4444f4da58b3a_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>这时,水星将成为地球生死存亡的关键因素。</p>\n<p>在新闯入的恒星的引力作用下,本来公转轨道就较扁的水星(偏心率 0.2),轨道会变得更扁<sup>[2]</sup>,甚至会与金星相撞,金星受撞击后,又会影响火星和地球,也有一定的可能有较大的碎片撞击地球。如果恒星引力再大些,也会直接导致几大行星被带偏,将地球推向太阳或木星。如果推向木星的话,木星的引力将像弹弓一样,将地球从太阳系中射出去,流~~浪。</p>\n<p><strong><strong>未来会再来一颗吗?</strong></strong></p>\n<p>天文学家预测,大约在 129 万~140 万年后,一颗红矮星 Gliese 710 将有 86%的概率会闯入奥尔特云,最近可能离太阳只有 0.166 光年(10,520 天文单位)。虽然不足以改变行星们的轨道,但它的质量大约是太阳的 60%,比舒尔茨之星(约 9%)重多了,而且比舒尔茨之星那次近了差不多 5 倍,它对奥尔特云的搅动强度可能会高出几十倍,界时可能会引发彗星暴,增加后续百万年的彗星撞击地球的风险。</p>\n<p><strong><strong>别慌,概率很低</strong></strong></p>\n<p>地球在太阳系几十亿年历史中被恒星“踢飞”的概率<strong>小于十亿分之一</strong>。</p>\n<p>因为太阳系的结构其实挺“安全”的。近处有月亮帮我们挡着,外层有木星等巨行星当“引力盾牌”,最外面还有广阔的奥尔特云当缓冲带保护内太阳系,大大降低了内太阳系被严重干扰的风险。真有一颗恒星近到闯入海王星轨道以内(足以威胁到地球)的概率,低到几乎不可能发生(小于十亿分之一)。</p>\n<p>可以说,虽然恒星邻居偶尔“路过”太阳系外围是银河系的常态,但真正威胁到地球的可能性微乎其微。</p>\n<p>今天的天文观测能力已经很强了。我们在夏威夷、智利山顶的大型望远镜,精度高到能测出恒星在天空中极其微小的移动(相当于从北京看清上海Line truncated
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"title": "昆虫很多都是 6 足,为什么没有进化成 6 肢的哺乳动物?",
"description": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-4915e891db86ff76a3c47d501d424e02_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>这个问题的根源可能非常深,牵涉到脊椎动物乃至脊索动物的底层架构。</p>\n<p>我们知道陆生脊椎动物的四肢源自肉鳍鱼类的两对偶鳍:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-aa8ef38ea5bb76849b85f43792c44cf4_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>(图片来自网络)</figcaption></figure>\n<p>如果我继续追问:肉鳍鱼类为什么只有两对偶鳍呢?实际上,最早的有颌鱼类是有很多对偶鳍的:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-f46b04d815b79c9942a6a9db109c331b_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-1e7df048f9a1d1e4c09204589d64eaab_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-7ccf1b391c79f6f3204872495175744a_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>贵州发现的新塑梵净山鱼 Fanjingshania renovata,生活在 4.4 亿年前,是最早的一批有颌鱼类。可以看到它有至少 5 对偶鳍。(图片来自网络)</figcaption></figure>\n<p>为什么&gt;2 对偶鳍的演化尝试被淘汰了呢?</p>\n<p>更进一步追问:在寒武纪乃至更早的时候,脊索动物的祖先也曾经是软趴趴的小肉虫,为什么这些小肉虫祖先就没有像节肢动物或者环节动物那样,演化出有很多腿的形态呢?</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-56b26e950834c3e8c0c1e8ee806ac0ad_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>参考海猪属 Scotoplanes 的海参。棘皮动物是脊索动物的近亲,但脊索动物似乎从来没有出现过类似的形态。(图片来自网络)</figcaption></figure>\n<p>追根溯源:脊索动物的身体底层架构,是用一根充满弹性的小棒子(脊索)贯穿身体,在脊索的两侧排布肌肉,交替收缩,就可以牵动脊索左右弯曲,让动物的身体呈 S 形扭摆,划水前进:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-590b3fe75da3cb80a319b4db9dfc075c_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>纤细皮卡虫 Pikaia gracilens,目前已知最早的脊索动物之一。这种 S 形的泳姿,是脊索动物祖传的。图片来自网络。</figcaption></figure>\n<p>S 形运动可以常规游泳,也可以突然加速冲刺,甩开天敌或者钻入底沙。无论寒武纪的海口虫,还是现代文昌鱼身上可以都看到典型的脊索和沿脊索排布的 V 形分节肌肉(肌节):</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-d616f6863f25df9d4a034473c8359086_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>图片来自网络。</figcaption></figure>\n<p>脊索和沿脊索排布的 V 形肌节,这是脊索动物最最原始,最最底层的配置,早于眼睛、大脑、脊椎、四肢等等。</p>\n<p>所以脊索动物始祖就是高度适应游泳 + 冲刺,自然倾向于外形平整光滑,像节肢动物那样排布在身体侧面的“腿”只会阻碍运动,降低速度。而节肢动物始祖则是高度适应底栖游走,腿同时也是鳃负责呼吸,自然倾向于“多足”。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-9dc4423019196be968cd5ecfb86d32d1_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>在水体中上层“游泳”的脊索动物先祖,和底栖“游走”的节肢动物先祖,它们可能都有分节的身体,都有原始的感受器——触须,但负责运动的底层配置完全不同。前者倾向“无足”,后者倾向“多足”。(图片来源自网络)</figcaption></figure>\n<p>这就是为什么没有“脊索动物版多足虫”的答案了。</p>\n<p>后来的生存竞赛,推动东脊椎动物不断强化 S 形游泳的能力。更加坚固灵活的骨骼取代了脊索,沿着体轴排布的 V 形肌节也更厚实,提供更强的动力:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-bee32bd410c80fc7c3259cd892ce4702_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>(图片来自网络)</figcaption></figure>\n<p>头部感官和神经系统也更加发达,可以精确地控制游泳姿势、速度和方向。身体结构也要更加符合流体力学要求。</p>\n<p>早期鱼类在身体边缘布设骨针支撑的鳍,划水游泳、保持平衡、控制方向。最早的鱼鳍可能是连续的,后来分裂成几块,由不同的肌肉分别控制,提高运动的精度:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-4c1f80df341913535f874aa80cdfe6a4_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>(图片来自网络)</figcaption></figure>\n<p>这些鳍分成两类:</p>\n<p>位于身体上下,不成对的“奇鳍”,包括背鳍、尾鳍和臀鳍。</p>\n<p>位于身体左右,成对的“偶鳍”。</p>\n<p>早期鱼类的偶鳍数量可以是一对(一些头甲鱼),Line truncated
"content": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-4915e891db86ff76a3c47d501d424e02_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>这个问题的根源可能非常深,牵涉到脊椎动物乃至脊索动物的底层架构。</p>\n<p>我们知道陆生脊椎动物的四肢源自肉鳍鱼类的两对偶鳍:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-aa8ef38ea5bb76849b85f43792c44cf4_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>(图片来自网络)</figcaption></figure>\n<p>如果我继续追问:肉鳍鱼类为什么只有两对偶鳍呢?实际上,最早的有颌鱼类是有很多对偶鳍的:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-f46b04d815b79c9942a6a9db109c331b_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-1e7df048f9a1d1e4c09204589d64eaab_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-7ccf1b391c79f6f3204872495175744a_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>贵州发现的新塑梵净山鱼 Fanjingshania renovata,生活在 4.4 亿年前,是最早的一批有颌鱼类。可以看到它有至少 5 对偶鳍。(图片来自网络)</figcaption></figure>\n<p>为什么&gt;2 对偶鳍的演化尝试被淘汰了呢?</p>\n<p>更进一步追问:在寒武纪乃至更早的时候,脊索动物的祖先也曾经是软趴趴的小肉虫,为什么这些小肉虫祖先就没有像节肢动物或者环节动物那样,演化出有很多腿的形态呢?</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-56b26e950834c3e8c0c1e8ee806ac0ad_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>参考海猪属 Scotoplanes 的海参。棘皮动物是脊索动物的近亲,但脊索动物似乎从来没有出现过类似的形态。(图片来自网络)</figcaption></figure>\n<p>追根溯源:脊索动物的身体底层架构,是用一根充满弹性的小棒子(脊索)贯穿身体,在脊索的两侧排布肌肉,交替收缩,就可以牵动脊索左右弯曲,让动物的身体呈 S 形扭摆,划水前进:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-590b3fe75da3cb80a319b4db9dfc075c_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>纤细皮卡虫 Pikaia gracilens,目前已知最早的脊索动物之一。这种 S 形的泳姿,是脊索动物祖传的。图片来自网络。</figcaption></figure>\n<p>S 形运动可以常规游泳,也可以突然加速冲刺,甩开天敌或者钻入底沙。无论寒武纪的海口虫,还是现代文昌鱼身上可以都看到典型的脊索和沿脊索排布的 V 形分节肌肉(肌节):</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-d616f6863f25df9d4a034473c8359086_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>图片来自网络。</figcaption></figure>\n<p>脊索和沿脊索排布的 V 形肌节,这是脊索动物最最原始,最最底层的配置,早于眼睛、大脑、脊椎、四肢等等。</p>\n<p>所以脊索动物始祖就是高度适应游泳 + 冲刺,自然倾向于外形平整光滑,像节肢动物那样排布在身体侧面的“腿”只会阻碍运动,降低速度。而节肢动物始祖则是高度适应底栖游走,腿同时也是鳃负责呼吸,自然倾向于“多足”。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-9dc4423019196be968cd5ecfb86d32d1_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>在水体中上层“游泳”的脊索动物先祖,和底栖“游走”的节肢动物先祖,它们可能都有分节的身体,都有原始的感受器——触须,但负责运动的底层配置完全不同。前者倾向“无足”,后者倾向“多足”。(图片来源自网络)</figcaption></figure>\n<p>这就是为什么没有“脊索动物版多足虫”的答案了。</p>\n<p>后来的生存竞赛,推动东脊椎动物不断强化 S 形游泳的能力。更加坚固灵活的骨骼取代了脊索,沿着体轴排布的 V 形肌节也更厚实,提供更强的动力:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-bee32bd410c80fc7c3259cd892ce4702_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>(图片来自网络)</figcaption></figure>\n<p>头部感官和神经系统也更加发达,可以精确地控制游泳姿势、速度和方向。身体结构也要更加符合流体力学要求。</p>\n<p>早期鱼类在身体边缘布设骨针支撑的鳍,划水游泳、保持平衡、控制方向。最早的鱼鳍可能是连续的,后来分裂成几块,由不同的肌肉分别控制,提高运动的精度:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-4c1f80df341913535f874aa80cdfe6a4_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>(图片来自网络)</figcaption></figure>\n<p>这些鳍分成两类:</p>\n<p>位于身体上下,不成对的“奇鳍”,包括背鳍、尾鳍和臀鳍。</p>\n<p>位于身体左右,成对的“偶鳍”。</p>\n<p>早期鱼类的偶鳍数量可以是一对(一些头甲鱼),两Line truncated
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"title": "人那么大一个,为什么人体的持续输出功率才那么低,才一两百瓦?",
"description": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-204d6c90a5bcc9c552839dc536cfa9fe_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>一两百 W?</p>\n<p>高了。</p>\n<p>人在躺平状态下,功率也就 70W 左右。</p>\n<p>当然,如果这个时候你身边突然出现两条恶狗,你瞬间处于应激状态,肾上腺素大量分泌, 你的功率可以瞬间提升 10 多倍,达到 750W 以上。</p>\n<p>当然,如果你是运动员或者天赋异禀,甚至可以超过 1000W。</p>\n<ul>\n<li>人体不同状态下的功率,见表<sup>[1]</sup>:</li>\n</ul>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-904b8fbd1287967162e83dfcca55c990_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>人体表面积是 1.5~2m^2,表中是单位面积的功率</figcaption></figure>\n<p>那为什么普通人的最大功率只有 750W 左右呢?</p>\n<p>主要在于 3 点:</p>\n<p>1、你的肌肉能力根本做不到超过 1000W。</p>\n<p>2、功率太高,对于人体来说太过于浪费,有效利用率很低。</p>\n<p>3、热量太多,人体散热不了,直接热死。</p>\n<p>接下来,我们详细探讨,肌肉的做功情况。</p>\n<p>现实情况中,肌肉纤维状态相同的情况下,力量和肌肉横截面积呈正比。</p>\n<p>虽然有个体差异,但你我都是智人嘛,差别不大。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-216090866f85af54bd1c28069b5ebfae_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>理论上来说,对于肌肉快慢肌组成相同,且肌肉维度差不多的人来说,极限功率也是差不多的。</p>\n<p>那是什么限制了这个极限功率的上限呢?</p>\n<p>运动效率,也即<strong>肌肉功率</strong>。</p>\n<p><strong>就如同机械一样,一个人在全力运动的时候,肌肉功率是有一个上限的。</strong></p>\n<p>人体运动时,肌肉收缩的力 - 速关系,满足以下的规律<sup>[2]</sup>:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-714589c5cff2249eac974d428191a57a_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>A 到 B 的曲线,是肌肉收缩速度和有效肌肉力量的关系。</p>\n<p>当人在起跑的时候,有效力量最大,随着速度越来越快,肌肉收缩效率逐渐下滑。在不考虑其它外力的情况下,当肌肉达到速度极限,收缩的力量对外全部无效做功。</p>\n<p>而最大值为 D 的抛物线,则是肌肉运动时的有效功。当肌肉速度为零,或者力量为零的时候,有效功都为零。而在中间力 - 速适当的位置,有效功率最大。</p>\n<p>人进行不同的运动时,力 - 速关系,有着一定的差异:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-e05d9072d8adf5b220a7003151dc0cdb_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>注意,这里的横坐标是 kg,转化成 N 需要乘以 10</figcaption></figure>\n<p>从曲线我们可以看出,一个人在不同的运动状态下,肌肉效率是不同的。当速度达到最快的时候,虽然肌肉还在不断的收缩,但肌肉张力已经为零,速度无法增加。</p>\n<p>人在极速奔跑状态下,人体对外做功,主要对抗摩擦力和阻力做功。</p>\n<p>我们再来看看 阻力做功:</p>\n<p>以普通运动员 8m/s 的速度来说,看看受到的风阻有多大。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-1d323d3a31dfe77cff006ac473ee7ab5_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>风阻公式有:</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://www.zhihu.com/equation?tex=F%3D%5Cfrac12C%CF%81SV%5E2\" alt=\"\" eeimg=\"1\"></p>\n<ul>\n<li>C 为空气阻力系数,人介于球面和垂直面之间,不妨取 0.8;ρ为空气密度 1.293kg/m^3。</li>\n<li>S 为迎风面积约 0.3m^2;V 为速度 8m/s。</li>\n</ul>\n<p>那么,计算得一个人急速跑的时候,受到的阻力为:</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://www.zhihu.com/equation?tex=F%3D10+N\" alt=\"\" eeimg=\"1\"></p>\n<p>那么阻力的功率为:P=FV=80W。</p>\n<p>在极速奔跑情况下, 人前进动力几乎为零,其实摩擦力做功也近乎为零,哪怕考虑有些对地面的磨磨蹭蹭,也只会有少量做功,我们预估 20W。</p>\n<p>加上阻力做功,那就是 100W.</p>\n<p>而对于极速 8m/s 的人来说,根据身体素质不同,功率可达 500W~1000W。</p>\n<p>也就是说,极速状态下,至少数百 W 的功率,人体都内耗了。</p>\n<p>对外做功的功率仅仅 10~20%,能够达到 20%都是优质运动员了。</p>\n<p>当然,由于此时对外做功都被阻力和摩擦力消耗了,对速度的功率是 0。</p>\n<p>根据上面的曲线关系,如果你还想要提升速度。</p>\n<p>那就必须训练,提升肌肉的效率。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-607c1b6fe7822e51c58d8be839347a8f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>经过力量和速度训练之后,人体的极限速度和力量都明显提升Line truncated
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"title": "双语百科:为什么鸟儿在黎明歌唱?",
"description": "<div><div class=\"mian_txt\" id=\"Content\">\n\n \n\n \n \n\n <p>清晨悦耳的鸟鸣让人心旷神怡,但是一天中的其他时间却很少能听到鸟叫。为什么鸟儿都喜欢在清晨歌唱?来本文中寻找答案吧。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<figure class=\"image\" style=\"display: table;\"> \n <img src=\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/04/66d7fb2da3108f29a8b65829.jpeg\" data-from=\"newsroom\" data-mimetype=\"image/jpeg\" id=\"img-66d7fb2da3108f29a8b65829\"> \n <figcaption style=\"display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom;\">\n Photo/Pexels \n </figcaption> \n</figure> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Wake up early enough and, depending on where you live, you’ll likely hear a pleasant chorus of birds chirping their tiny hearts out. This am avian arrangement is instinctual behavior for birds, but why?<br>早上起得够早的话,在你所住的地方也许能听到一阵悦耳的鸟鸣。在清晨歌唱是鸟的本能行为,但是鸟鸣为什么都在清晨呢?</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>According to the Woodland Trust, this early singing is known as the dawn chorus, and it can start as early as 4 am and last for several hours. Birds do it to attract mates and warn other birds to avoid their turf. One theory as to why they opt for the wee hours to communicate these important messages is because the low visibility makes it hard to do other bird activities, like foraging. Keeping their activity level low, they opt to sing instead.<br>林地信托机构称,鸟儿在清晨鸣叫最早从凌晨4点开始,可持续数个小时。鸟鸣叫是为了吸引配偶,也是为了警告其他鸟不要入侵自己的领地。关于鸟类为什么选择在凌晨传递这些重要信息,有一个理论是,凌晨能见度低,鸟类难以进行觅食等其他活动,既然无事可做,那么鸟儿就转而选择鸣叫。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Another theory argues that birds use the morning vocals to project an image of strength. By singing with fervor, they’re letting other birds know they survived the night—no guarantee in nature—and would make for an excellent mate.<br>另一种理论认为,鸟类利用晨鸣来展示自己的力量。通过热情地歌唱,它们让其他鸟儿知道自己已经安然度过黑夜——要知道自然界的动物过着朝不保夕的日子,不一定能看见明天的太阳——并能够成为出色的伴侣。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Like a good recording studio, the early morning hours also allow birds to transmit a clear tune thanks to the cooler, drier air. Because birds have distinctive chirps, that clarity helps them be more easily identified by birds within listening distance.<br>清晨的空气更凉爽、更干燥,就像一个效果很好的录音棚,鸟儿在此时歌唱能传递出清晰的音质。因为鸟儿的声音各有不同,这种清晰度可以让听得见的鸟儿更容易识别出它们的声音。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>There used to be a prevailing theory that birds sang so much in the mornings because the sounds could travel greater distances due to less atmospheric turbulence, but it was disproven by researchers at the University of Western Ontario in 2003. They played recordings of sparrows at dawn and midday. The songs didn’t travel farther, but they were more consistent.<br>过去有一个流行的理论认为,鸟儿最爱在清晨鸣叫是因为在气流稳定的时候声音能传播得更远。但是西安大略大学的研究人员在2003年否定了这一理论。研究人员在黎明和中午分别播放了麻雀的录音。然而麻雀声音并没有传播得更远,只不过黎明时分麻雀的叫声更连贯。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Because birds only have so much energy to belt one out, singing when they stand the best chance of being heard makes sense. For a bird, an early morning session is like having the perfect acoustic environment for their performance.<br>因为鸟儿只能用有限的精力来鸣叫,它们自然会选择在最可能被听到的时候歌唱。对一只鸟儿来说,清晨鸣叫相当于在最佳音效环境中表演。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>英文来源:Mental Floss</p> \n<p>编译:丹妮</p> \n<p>审校:董静、齐磊</p>\n\n </div></div>",
"content": "<div><div class=\"mian_txt\" id=\"Content\">\n\n \n\n \n \n\n <p>清晨悦耳的鸟鸣让人心旷神怡,但是一天中的其他时间却很少能听到鸟叫。为什么鸟儿都喜欢在清晨歌唱?来本文中寻找答案吧。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<figure class=\"image\" style=\"display: table;\"> \n <img src=\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/04/66d7fb2da3108f29a8b65829.jpeg\" data-from=\"newsroom\" data-mimetype=\"image/jpeg\" id=\"img-66d7fb2da3108f29a8b65829\"> \n <figcaption style=\"display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom;\">\n Photo/Pexels \n </figcaption> \n</figure> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Wake up early enough and, depending on where you live, you’ll likely hear a pleasant chorus of birds chirping their tiny hearts out. This am avian arrangement is instinctual behavior for birds, but why?<br>早上起得够早的话,在你所住的地方也许能听到一阵悦耳的鸟鸣。在清晨歌唱是鸟的本能行为,但是鸟鸣为什么都在清晨呢?</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>According to the Woodland Trust, this early singing is known as the dawn chorus, and it can start as early as 4 am and last for several hours. Birds do it to attract mates and warn other birds to avoid their turf. One theory as to why they opt for the wee hours to communicate these important messages is because the low visibility makes it hard to do other bird activities, like foraging. Keeping their activity level low, they opt to sing instead.<br>林地信托机构称,鸟儿在清晨鸣叫最早从凌晨4点开始,可持续数个小时。鸟鸣叫是为了吸引配偶,也是为了警告其他鸟不要入侵自己的领地。关于鸟类为什么选择在凌晨传递这些重要信息,有一个理论是,凌晨能见度低,鸟类难以进行觅食等其他活动,既然无事可做,那么鸟儿就转而选择鸣叫。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Another theory argues that birds use the morning vocals to project an image of strength. By singing with fervor, they’re letting other birds know they survived the night—no guarantee in nature—and would make for an excellent mate.<br>另一种理论认为,鸟类利用晨鸣来展示自己的力量。通过热情地歌唱,它们让其他鸟儿知道自己已经安然度过黑夜——要知道自然界的动物过着朝不保夕的日子,不一定能看见明天的太阳——并能够成为出色的伴侣。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Like a good recording studio, the early morning hours also allow birds to transmit a clear tune thanks to the cooler, drier air. Because birds have distinctive chirps, that clarity helps them be more easily identified by birds within listening distance.<br>清晨的空气更凉爽、更干燥,就像一个效果很好的录音棚,鸟儿在此时歌唱能传递出清晰的音质。因为鸟儿的声音各有不同,这种清晰度可以让听得见的鸟儿更容易识别出它们的声音。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>There used to be a prevailing theory that birds sang so much in the mornings because the sounds could travel greater distances due to less atmospheric turbulence, but it was disproven by researchers at the University of Western Ontario in 2003. They played recordings of sparrows at dawn and midday. The songs didn’t travel farther, but they were more consistent.<br>过去有一个流行的理论认为,鸟儿最爱在清晨鸣叫是因为在气流稳定的时候声音能传播得更远。但是西安大略大学的研究人员在2003年否定了这一理论。研究人员在黎明和中午分别播放了麻雀的录音。然而麻雀声音并没有传播得更远,只不过黎明时分麻雀的叫声更连贯。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Because birds only have so much energy to belt one out, singing when they stand the best chance of being heard makes sense. For a bird, an early morning session is like having the perfect acoustic environment for their performance.<br>因为鸟儿只能用有限的精力来鸣叫,它们自然会选择在最可能被听到的时候歌唱。对一只鸟儿来说,清晨鸣叫相当于在最佳音效环境中表演。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>英文来源:Mental Floss</p> \n<p>编译:丹妮</p> \n<p>审校:董静、齐磊</p>\n\n </div></div>",
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"title": "开学啦!来看看新学期的正确打开方式",
"description": "<div><div class=\"mian_txt\" id=\"Content\">\n\n \n\n \n \n\n <p>A new semester means a fresh start. Get your semester started right by practicing these strategies, and your productivity will soar.<br>新学期意味着新的开始。掌握了新学期的正确打开方式,你的学习效率将会直线上升。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<figure class=\"image\" style=\"display: table;\"> \n <img src=\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/02/66d5837ba3108f29a8b6344c.jpeg\" data-from=\"newsroom\" data-mimetype=\"image/jpeg\" id=\"img-66d5837ba3108f29a8b6344c\"> \n <figcaption style=\"display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom;\">\n Photo/Pexels \n </figcaption> \n</figure> \n<p> </p> \n<p><strong>1. Get organized </strong><br><strong>让一切井井有条</strong></p> \n<p>Organization helps you reduce chaos and stress, thus making you more productive. Develop a system at the start of your semester. This may include:<br>条理性可以帮助你减少混乱和压力,从而让你做事更有效率。在开学时把一切都整理得井井有条,包括:</p> \n<p>--Color coded notebooks and/or folders for each class<br>——给每门课程准备一个彩页笔记本和文件夹;</p> \n<p>-- A planner with important dates and deadlines filled out <br>——准备一个日程表,标注出重要的日子和各项任务的截止日期;</p> \n<p>--Cleaning out your backpack, desk, and dorm room to reduce clutter from previous semesters<br>——清理背包、书桌和宿舍,把前几个学期积攒下来的无用之物处理掉;</p> \n<p>--Organizing your computer files (e.g., by school year, semester, course, and assignment type or project)<br>——整理电脑文件,可以按照学年、学期、课程、作业或项目分门别类;</p> \n<p>If you keep track of deadlines, know where to find everything, and maintain a well-organized space, you free up your mind to focus on learning and achieving.<br>如果你对截止日期了如指掌,知道每样东西放在哪儿,把空间整理得井井有条,你就可以把脑子腾出来专心学习,做出成绩。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p><strong>2. Get into a routine</strong><br><strong>做事有规律</strong></p> \n<p>Like being organized, establishing a routine helps your life run smoothly.<br>和条理性一样,做事有规律可以让你的生活更顺利。</p> \n<p>It’s easier said than done, but try waking up and going to sleep around the same time each day (or at least on weekdays). Schedule time for the gym, any clubs or activities you participate in, and studying. Instead of waiting until the last minute to work on assignments or cram in information, set aside studying/homework blocks each day. Choose a time of day when you feel especially productive.<br>尽管说起来容易做起来难,但是你可以试着每天都在同一时间起床和睡觉(至少在工作日如此)。规划好去健身、去参加社团或其他活动以及学习的时间。每天都要留出一整块时间用于学习和做作业,不要等到最后一刻才赶作业或背书。选择一天中你自认为效率最高的时间来学习。</p> \n<p>Start each day on a positive note by preparing the night before. For instance, set out the outfit you’ll wear to class and pack your backpack with the supplies you’ll need that day. Instead of frantically scrambling around in the morning, you’ll begin the day feeling confident and prepared. Ultimately, these small habits make a big difference in your overall mood and performance.<br>通过在前一天晚上做好准备,以积极的态度开始每一天。举例而言,准备好你明天上课要穿的衣服,在书包里放好明天需要的东西。这样,你就可以在准备充分的情况下自信地开始新的一天,而不是一大早紧张忙乱地到处找东西。最终,这些小习惯将会让你的整体情绪状态和表现大为改观。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p><strong>3. Surround yourself with motivated peers</strong><br><strong>结交好学的同伴</strong></p> \n<p>Maybe you’ve heard the saying, “Show me your friends and I’ll show you your future.” It may sound dramatic, but it’s true that the people you spend the most time with have a major influence on you. If your friends are partying every night, skipping class, and seemingly unconcerned about their grades, staying motivated will be an uphill battle for you.<br>也许你听过这句话:“你身边的朋友决定你的未来。”这也许听起来有些夸张,但是你与之交往时间最长的人对你会产生重大影响,这是事实。如果你的朋友夜夜狂欢,逃课,对成绩毫不在意,那么保持斗志对你来说会非常困难。</p> \n<p>Try to make at least one positive friend in every class. Meet ambitious people with clearly defined goals, good study habits, and healthy lifestyles. These friends can help yLine truncated
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"title": "欧公赛决赛的两副牌",
"description": "这副牌非常关键,这是第二节的最后一副,此前土耳其人一路飙升,打出一波凌厉的攻势,将比分从落后近30IMP变为领先15IMP,在上半场结束前的最后一副,齐老板将比分追回13IMP,总比分才落后2分,至关重要。",
"content": "<div class=\"rich_media_content js_underline_content autoTypeSetting24psection\" id=\"js_content\">\n <p data-mpa-powered-by=\"yiban.io\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0px;\">\n <span leaf=\"\">\n <br/>\n </span>\n </p>\n <section data-mpa-template=\"t\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0px;\">\n <section data-mpa-template=\"t\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n <section data-mid=\"\" data-mpa-category=\"模板\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;padding-top: 20px;\">\n <section data-mid=\"\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;padding: 2px 13px 2px 15px;background: rgb(182, 38, 33);border-radius: 30px;\">\n <section>\n <span data-mid=\"\" style='margin: 0px 10px;font-family: PingFangSC-Semibold, \"PingFang SC\";font-weight: 600;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 23px;font-size: 10px;'>\n <span leaf=\"\">\n 新朋友\n </span>\n </span>\n <span leaf=\"\">\n <img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" data-ratio=\"3.7058823529411766\" data-type=\"png\" data-w=\"34\" src=\"https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/LkUAoUS349Nb6zal9ibQfjP9DggnB8UTTexBORPMIuN56emQJcMWZTh0oRf8WntPkLEMxzLDNXNtSibgPUhwgvJA/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"margin-right: 4px;width: 1080px;height: 32px;\"/>\n </span>\n </section>\n <section data-mid=\"\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"margin: 0px 4px;display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;flex-direction: column;\">\n <p data-mid=\"\" style='font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-Regular, \"PingFang SC\";font-weight: 400;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 19px;'>\n <span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">\n <span leaf=\"\">\n 点击\n </span>\n <span style=\"color: rgb(255, 251, 0);\">\n <span leaf=\"\">\n 标兵桥牌\n </span>\n </span>\n </span>\n </p>\n <p data-mid=\"\" style='font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-Regular, \"PingFang SC\";font-weight: 400;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 19px;'>\n <span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">\n <span leaf=\"\">\n 关注微信\n </span>\n </span>\n </p>\n </section>\n <section>\n <span style='margin: 0px 10px;font-family: PingFangSC-Semibold, \"PingFang SC\";font-weight: 600;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 23px;font-size: 10px;'>\n <span leaf=\"\">\n 老朋友\n </span>\n </span>\n </section>\n <section data-mid=\"\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"margin: 0px 4px;display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;align-items: center;flex-direction: column;\">\n <p data-mid=\"\" style='font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-Regular, \"PingFang SC\";font-weight: 400;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 19px;'>\n <span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">\n <span leaf=\"\">\n 点击\n </span>\n <span style=\"color: rgb(255, 251, 0);\">\n <span leaf=\"\">\n 右上角\n </span>\n </span>\n </span>\n </p>\n <p data-mid=\"\" style='font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-Regular, \"PingFang SC\";font-weight: 400;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 19px;'>\n <span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">\n <span leaf=\"\">\n 分享本文\n </span>\n </span>\n </p>\n </section>\n <section>\n <span leaf=\"\">\n <img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" data-ratio=\"1.169811320754717\" data-type=\"png\" data-w=\"106\" src=\"https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/pFSBeRD8FmKMgML4Eg0sKuZEt92g3fibUT3icqCTLia0Ux0rKvC1rmiaqpg9icLqHcoFE86mwiayvicHPfRliav5ysFJAg/640?wx_fmt=png\" style=\"width: 1080px;height: 31px;\"/>\n </span>\n </section>\n </section>\n </section>\n <section data-mid=\"\" data-mpa-category=\"模板\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;padding-top: 20px;\">\n <section data-mid=\"\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;padding: 2px 13px 2px 15px;background: rgb(182, 38, 33);border-radius: 30px;\">\n <span leaf=\"\">\n <br/>\n </span>\n </section>\n </section>\n </section>\n </section>\n <p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n <span leaf=\"\">\n <br/>\n </span>\n </p>\n <p data-first-child=\"\" data-pid=\"lkoNc69v\" data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\" style='margin: 0px 0px 1.4em;color: rgb(25, 27, 31);font-family: -apple-system, \"system-ui\", \"Helvetica Neue\", \"PingFang SC\", \"Microsoft YaHei\", \"Source Han Sans SC\", \"Noto Sans CJK SC\", \"WenQuanYi Micro Hei\", sans-serif;font-size: medium;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: 2;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;backgroundLine truncated
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"title": "欧公赛决赛的两副牌",
"description": "这副牌非常关键,这是第二节的最后一副,此前土耳其人一路飙升,打出一波凌厉的攻势,将比分从落后近30IMP变为领先15IMP,在上半场结束前的最后一副,齐老板将比分追回13IMP,总比分才落后2分,至关重要。",
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"title": "齐老板与土耳其进入决赛",
"description": "欧洲公开桥牌锦标赛公团结束1/4淘汰赛,齐老板的瑞士队、波兰的Naukabrydzapl队、土耳其的JEO Hidro队、法国绿队进入半决赛。对于一个有123个队参加的跨国比赛来说,最终的四强恰好均由同一国家团队组成,是很少见的。",
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"title": "当舒柏林遇见舒柏林",
"description": "荷兰小将是舒柏林巴司机的晚辈,各种技巧自然也学得滚瓜纯属,德莱昂在单方无局第三家,觉得开叫3♥没什么用,于是祭起了舒柏林的独门法宝,没想到舒柏林遇见舒柏林,马上被舒柏林识破,可惜的是舒柏林没能完成3NT,他还是失败了。",
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{
"title": "进攻性叫牌与防守性叫牌——波兹南的牌局",
"description": "桥牌其实也一样,只不过桥牌的“进攻”和“防守”,有多重的意义,除了简单的在桥牌打法中表现为做庄与防守外,还有在叫牌中也分为自己抢过来打的“进攻性叫牌”和放给对方打或者叫得较低的“防守性叫牌”。",
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"title": "欧洲公开桥牌锦标赛第一阶段结束、弗姆队获得欧洲混团冠军",
"description": "6月27日,正在波兰波兹南进行的第11届欧洲公开桥牌锦标赛第一阶段比赛结束,弗姆队获得混合团体冠军,11Jaszczak队获得老年团体冠军,埃德蒙斯队获得混合一副一比团体冠军,Narkiewicz/Czajka获得混合双人赛冠军。",
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{
"title": "第11届欧洲公开桥牌锦标赛混团预赛结束",
"description": "欧洲桥牌公开锦标赛每两年举办一次,从2003年到2019年共举办了9届,但由于疫情原因2021年中断,2023年再度恢复,今年是第11届比赛,本次比赛将于6月21日-7月5日在波兰波茨南举办,波茨南曾经于2011年举办过欧洲桥牌公开锦标赛。",
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{
"title": "世界桥联公布2024年大师分排行榜",
"description": "2024年底,世界桥联公布了世界桥牌运动会结束后世界桥联大师分的排行榜。牌坛奇人齐老板仍然领跑公开组,这已经是他自从2021年登顶之后,连续第四年蝉联世界桥联大师分第一人的宝座了。女子排行榜、老年排行榜、混合排行榜的榜首也各有其主。",
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"content": "<div class=\"rich_media_content js_underline_content autoTypeSetting24psection\" id=\"js_content\">\n <h1 data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 0px 14px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-weight: 500;font-size: 22px;line-height: 1.4;user-select: text;\">\n <span leaf=\"\">\n <br/>\n </span>\n </h1>\n <section style='-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 0px 20px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;word-break: break-word;overflow: hidden;hyphens: auto;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: \"PingFang SC\", \"Hiragino Sans GB\", \"Microsoft YaHei\", \"WenQuanYi Micro Hei\", \"Helvetica Neue\", Arial, sans-serif;line-height: 1.667;font-size: 18px;visibility: visible;'>\n <h1 style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 0px 20px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-weight: 700;font-size: 1.056em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;line-height: 1.579;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);visibility: visible;\">\n <span leaf=\"\">\n 一,Python是什么?\n </span>\n </h1>\n <p data-track=\"2\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 20px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;visibility: visible;\">\n <span leaf=\"\">\n Python是一种计算机编程语言。\n </span>\n </p>\n <p data-track=\"3\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 20px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;visibility: visible;\">\n <span leaf=\"\">\n 对于“编程”,你可能或多或少听说过Java/C语言/C++ /PHP等语言,Python作为近几年特别火的一门编程语言,相较前面几种语言,更注重可读性和效率。\n </span>\n </p>\n <p data-track=\"4\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 20px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;visibility: visible;\">\n <span leaf=\"\">\n 因此,Python对于注重开发效率的程序员来说是大受欢迎的,他们给Python的定位是“优雅”、“明确”、“简单”。\n </span>\n </p>\n <p data-track=\"5\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 20px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;visibility: visible;\">\n <span leaf=\"\">\n 除此之外,Python还具有以下优势,获得人们的青睐:\n </span>\n </p>\n <p data-track=\"6\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 20px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;visibility: visible;\">\n <span leaf=\"\">\n Python 易于学习——Python程序简单易懂,初学者只要识字、会简单的算术、看懂英文单词就能入门学习。因此很多小学生从小就开始通过学习python来培养编程思维。\n </span>\n </p>\n <p data-track=\"7\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 20px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;visibility: visible;\">\n <span leaf=\"\">\n 少量的代码就能构建出很多功能—— 在Python中,几乎每个想法都可以通过20-30行代码快速验证。\n </span>\n </p>\n <p data-track=\"8\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 20px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;visibility: visible;\">\n <span leaf=\"\">\n Python 拥有最成熟的程序包资源库之一——Python有满足不同需求的库,无论实现什么功能,都有现成的类库可以使用。\n </span>\n </p>\n <p data-track=\"9\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 20px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;border-width: 0px;borderLine truncated
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"title": "学习python的必读书籍《利用Python进行数据分析》附PDF版",
"description": "这是非常经典的一本Python数据分析书,每一章之间有递进关系,适合Python入门()如《Python编程,",
"content": "<div class=\"rich_media_content js_underline_content autoTypeSetting24psection\" id=\"js_content\">\n <h1 data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\" style='-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 0px 14px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-weight: 500;font-size: 22px;line-height: 1.4;user-select: text;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: \"PingFang SC\", system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, \"Helvetica Neue\", \"Hiragino Sans GB\", \"Microsoft YaHei UI\", \"Microsoft YaHei\", Arial, sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;'>\n <span leaf=\"\">\n 这是非常经典的一本Python数据分析书,每一章之间有递进关系,适合Python入门()如《Python编程,从入门到实践》)之后阅读,本书专门针对数据分析领域的。我细致地读了一遍,敲了一遍代码,一开始没有头绪,进展缓慢,后来逐渐明朗了。学习编程要多实践,这对没有基础的人来说有困难,因为无从下手。我的体会是,在你基础不牢的时候,就多看,多记,多总结,搭建自己的思路框架。\n </span>\n </h1>\n <h1 data-track=\"3\" style='-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 20px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-weight: 700;font-size: 1.056em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: normal;text-align: start;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;line-height: 1.579;font-family: \"PingFang SC\", \"Hiragino Sans GB\", \"Microsoft YaHei\", \"WenQuanYi Micro Hei\", \"Helvetica Neue\", Arial, sans-serif;visibility: visible;'>\n <span leaf=\"\">\n 书籍简介\n </span>\n </h1>\n <section nodeleaf=\"\" style='-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 0px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, \"Helvetica Neue\", \"PingFang SC\", \"Hiragino Sans GB\", \"Microsoft YaHei UI\", \"Microsoft YaHei\", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;'>\n <img alt=\"图片\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" data-imgfileid=\"100022688\" data-ratio=\"1.325925925925926\" data-type=\"jpeg\" data-w=\"540\" src=\"https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/7hmEgghJ0pjx1mTTicYt7TNhUnzZNiar1y0iaceETbvaeiaibj7Q1IHbHzMBn0qauQsW3nCt40uUa1tscfGI4Eiajibqg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1&amp;tp=webp\" style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px auto 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: bottom;height: auto !important;border-width: 1080px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;cursor: zoom-in;display: block;border-radius: 4px;visibility: visible !important;width: 1080px !important;\"/>\n </section>\n <p style='-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 0px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, \"Helvetica Neue\", \"PingFang SC\", \"Hiragino Sans GB\", \"Microsoft YaHei UI\", \"Microsoft YaHei\", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;text-align: center;font-size: 14px;line-height: 20px;color: rgb(153, 153, 153);'>\n <span leaf=\"\">\n 利用Python进行数据分析\n </span>\n </p>\n <p data-track=\"4\" style='-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 20px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: start;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: \"PingFang SC\", \"Hiragino Sans GB\", \"Microsoft YaHei\", \"WenQuanYi Micro Hei\", \"Helvetica Neue\", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;text-indent: 2em;'>\n <span style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;color: rgb(17, 17, 17);\">\n <span leaf=\"\">\n 本书由pandas项目创始人Wes McKinney亲笔撰写,详细介绍利用Python进行操作、处理、清洗和规整数据等方面的具体细节和基本要点。第2版针对PythLine truncated
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