![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-09-22/001/20250922_001_04_44864.png\")
J-20 fighter jets perform in formation during the People's Liberation Army Air Force Aviation Open-House Activity and Changchun Air Show in Changchun, Northeast China's Jilin province, on Friday. The five-day event, which kicked off on Friday, displays over 100 types of active-duty aircraft, ground equipment and retired classic asset.
\nChina's J-20 fifth-generation fighter jet has outstanding stealth capability and can easily penetrate enemy air-defense networks, a senior designer said on Saturday, marking the first time that a project insider has given a detailed introduction about the world-class combat plane.
\n"The J-20's radar signature is extremely low, and its infrared characteristics are tremendously good. It can penetrate our adversaries' air-defense networks like a needle," Gong Feng, deputy chief designer at the Chengdu Aircraft Design and Research Institute, an Aviation Industry Corp of China subsidiary in Sichuan province, said at the People's Liberation Army Air Force Aviation Open-House Activity in Changchun, the capital of Jilin province.
\nRadar signature and infrared characteristics refer to physical properties of an aircraft that can be measured by radar searching for it. They are major elements that may expose an aircraft when it flies into the scanning range of enemy planes or ground-based air defenses. The lower the levels of radar signature and infrared characteristics, the less likely the aircraft can be detected by radar.
\nBesides the stealth capability, the J-20 features strong combat prowess, Gong said.
\n"Its flight range is very long, which means the operational scope is substantially larger than those of fourth-generation planes. It has an advanced active phased array radar that gives it a target detection range much longer than those of fourth-generation jets," he said.
\n"The plane's multiple kinds of sensors can work together perfectly and complement each other, allowing for multidimensional situational awareness and accurate identification of targets. Moreover, its missiles can fly a very long distance. Together with smart strike management systems, they promise the J-20 a hit success rate that is much higher than those of previous jets," Gong added.
\nIn addition, the stealth fighter is able to team up with early-warning aircraft and unmanned planes to form a combat system, according to the designer.
\n"The J-20's deployment enables the Air Force to carry out not only defensive tasks but also offensive operations. The jet's excellent solo and joint combat power has resulted in the creation of new fighting patterns by the Air Force," he said.
\nHe also noted that the integrated aerodynamic configuration of the J-20, which features a lifter body and two fully movable canards, also known as foreplanes, is an internationally pioneering design.
\nCode-named the Mighty Dragon, the J-20 made its public debut in November 2016 at the 11th China International Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition in Zhuhai, Guangdong province. It entered service with the Air Force later that year, becoming only the third stealth fighter jet in the world to enter service following the F-22 Raptor and F-35 Lightning II of the United States.
\nTo date, there have been three models in the J-20 series: the baseline configuration, which is on display in Changchun; the J-20A, an upgraded single-seat variant that is equipped with new, more powerful domestically developed engines; and the twin-seat J-20S.
\nAll of the three types took part in a flight performance during a grand parade earlier this month in Beijing.
\nContact the writers at zhaolei@chinadaily.com.cn
\nJ-20 fighter jets perform in formation during the People's Liberation Army Air Force Aviation Open-House Activity and Changchun Air Show in Changchun, Northeast China's Jilin province, on Friday. The five-day event, which kicked off on Friday, displays over 100 types of active-duty aircraft, ground equipment and retired classic asset.
\nChina's J-20 fifth-generation fighter jet has outstanding stealth capability and can easily penetrate enemy air-defense networks, a senior designer said on Saturday, marking the first time that a project insider has given a detailed introduction about the world-class combat plane.
\n"The J-20's radar signature is extremely low, and its infrared characteristics are tremendously good. It can penetrate our adversaries' air-defense networks like a needle," Gong Feng, deputy chief designer at the Chengdu Aircraft Design and Research Institute, an Aviation Industry Corp of China subsidiary in Sichuan province, said at the People's Liberation Army Air Force Aviation Open-House Activity in Changchun, the capital of Jilin province.
\nRadar signature and infrared characteristics refer to physical properties of an aircraft that can be measured by radar searching for it. They are major elements that may expose an aircraft when it flies into the scanning range of enemy planes or ground-based air defenses. The lower the levels of radar signature and infrared characteristics, the less likely the aircraft can be detected by radar.
\nBesides the stealth capability, the J-20 features strong combat prowess, Gong said.
\n"Its flight range is very long, which means the operational scope is substantially larger than those of fourth-generation planes. It has an advanced active phased array radar that gives it a target detection range much longer than those of fourth-generation jets," he said.
\n"The plane's multiple kinds of sensors can work together perfectly and complement each other, allowing for multidimensional situational awareness and accurate identification of targets. Moreover, its missiles can fly a very long distance. Together with smart strike management systems, they promise the J-20 a hit success rate that is much higher than those of previous jets," Gong added.
\nIn addition, the stealth fighter is able to team up with early-warning aircraft and unmanned planes to form a combat system, according to the designer.
\n"The J-20's deployment enables the Air Force to carry out not only defensive tasks but also offensive operations. The jet's excellent solo and joint combat power has resulted in the creation of new fighting patterns by the Air Force," he said.
\nHe also noted that the integrated aerodynamic configuration of the J-20, which features a lifter body and two fully movable canards, also known as foreplanes, is an internationally pioneering design.
\nCode-named the Mighty Dragon, the J-20 made its public debut in November 2016 at the 11th China International Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition in Zhuhai, Guangdong province. It entered service with the Air Force later that year, becoming only the third stealth fighter jet in the world to enter service following the F-22 Raptor and F-35 Lightning II of the United States.
\nTo date, there have been three models in the J-20 series: the baseline configuration, which is on display in Changchun; the J-20A, an upgraded single-seat variant that is equipped with new, more powerful domestically developed engines; and the twin-seat J-20S.
\nAll of the three types took part in a flight performance during a grand parade earlier this month in Beijing.
\nContact the writers at zhaolei@chinadaily.com.cn
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-09-22/004/20250922_004_03_18830.png\")
A child in a toy car inadvertently enters the robot race during the Great Wall Marathon of Huairou and Zayed Charity Run 2025 in Beijing, on Saturday. The Zayed Charity Run, named after the late founding father of the UAE, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, began in 2001 to promote charity and humanitarian values.
\n", @@ -11203,28 +11181,6 @@ "hash": "67b031e2c4e41e3cf55dd34c717bfc41", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "007DOCUMENT - CPC Guidelines for Governing Xinjiang in the New Era: Practice and Achievements", - "description": "Contents
\nPreface
\nI. Governance of Xinjiang by Past Central Authorities: Philosophies and Experience
\nII. CPC's Governance of Xinjiang: Progress and Achievements
\nIII. CPC Guidelines for Governing Xinjiang in the New Era: Opening Up New Dimensions
\nIV. Stronger Foundations for Stability, Peace and Security
\nV. Uniting the Chinese Nation as One Community
\nVI. Further Progress in Democracy and the Rule of Law
\nVII. High-Quality Development and High-Standard Opening Up
\nVIII. Significant Progress in Cultural Development
\nIX. Continuous Improvement in People's Wellbeing
\nX. Greater Synergy for Xinjiang's Development
\nConclusion
\nPreface
\nAs the boundary of national governance is defined by where the people reside, the primary concern of a country should always be its border areas.
\nSpanning five millennia, our great civilization has seen all the ethnic groups of the Chinese nation open up the motherland's vast territory through untold hardships and unparalleled perseverance and form a unified multiethnic nation. Together, they have written a glorious Chinese history, created a splendid Chinese culture, and fostered our great national spirit.
\nXinjiang, known as the Western Regions in ancient times, has long been an inseparable part of China and an important gateway of the Chinese civilization to the outside world. Throughout history, successive central governments have established administrative institutions for its governance and stationed garrison troops to reclaim wasteland and guard the border areas. Through millennia of exploration and practice, they have accumulated a wealth of experience in this crucial endeavor.
\nSince its birth, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has pursued its mission of working for the wellbeing of the Chinese people and rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, including the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang. Throughout the years of revolution, construction and reform, the CPC has drawn from the experience and lessons in governing Xinjiang to continuously renew and develop its governance philosophy for the region. With new missions and tasks, it has responded to today's new imperatives in its work on Xinjiang, achieving major milestones in promoting reform and development, ethnic unity, social progress, people's wellbeing, and border security in the region.
\nIn the new era, the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core has considered, planned and arranged the work in relation to Xinjiang from the holistic and strategic perspective of building a strong China and pursuing national rejuvenation. It has continuously deepened its understanding of the dynamics of governing Xinjiang, set the overall goal of social stability and lasting peace and security, and established the Party's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era. In providing leadership for the work related to Xinjiang, it has upheld fundamental principles and broken new ground, and successfully driven its progress despite the complex circumstances, challenges, and risks. Historic achievements and transformative change have been witnessed in all undertakings of Xinjiang.
\nI. Governance of Xinjiang by Past Central Authorities: Philosophies and Experience
\nCentral authorities throughout China's history have consistently upheld great unity in their governance, administering the Xinjiang region as an integral part of the country. They maintained social stability, advanced development, and facilitated ethnic interaction and cultural integration, forging a profound awareness and a firm common conviction that Chinese territory must remain intact, the nation must maintain order, all ethnic groups must remain united, and the civilization must be sustained. Their efforts have contributed to the philosophies and experience for governing the nation's border areas.
\nPlacing the administration of Xinjiang in the overall context of national governance. Xinjiang is China's sacred territory. In 60 BCE, the Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE) established the Western Regions Frontier Command, pioneering the effective jurisdiction and administration over the Xinjiang region by central authorities.
\nDuring the period (220-589) from the Three Kingdoms to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Former Liang regime established the Gaochang Prefecture in the Turpan Basin, becoming the first to extend the system of prefectures and counties to the Western Regions.
\nThe Sui Dynasty (581-618) established three prefectures — Shanshan, Qiemo and Yiwu — further expanding the system in the region.
\nThe Tang Dynasty (618-907) successively set up the Grand Anxi Frontier Command and the Grand Beiting Frontier Command to administer the vast areas both north and south of the Tianshan Mountains.
\nDuring the period of the Liao, Song, Xixia, and Kin dynasties (907-1234), the Liao regime established Prince of the State Office of Yutian Kingdom, Office of the Grand Prince of Gaochang Kingdom, and Arslan Uighur Office of the Grand Prince, thereby exercising effective administration over the Western Regions.
\nThe Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368) implemented the system of administrative provinces in the region, before setting up the Beiting Command and the Pacification Commissioner's Office to manage military and political affairs.
\nIn the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), the imperial court established the Hami Garrison Command to manage local affairs.
\nThe Qing Dynasty (1616-1911) established the post of Ili General and exercised more systematic administration over the Xinjiang region. In 1884, the Qing court established the region as a province, renaming it Xinjiang, meaning "land newly recovered".
\nIn 1912, following the Revolution of 1911, Xinjiang became a province of the Republic of China.
\nThroughout China's history, depending on their strengths, imperial dynasties in the Central Plains maintained varying levels of relations with the Western Regions, and their administration of the Xinjiang region differed in intensity. Yet, all imperial dynasties regarded the Western Regions as an inalienable part of their territory, and all exercised jurisdiction over it. Safeguarding national unity has always been a sacred mission of China's central authorities.
\nUpholding national unity. Since ancient times, the Chinese nation has embraced the ideas of "shared customs and practices and unified governance across the country" and "great harmony under Heaven", considering national unification "a universal tenet between Heaven and Earth, and a constant creed throughout the past and present".
\nThrough measures including establishing administrative systems, building up military defenses, guiding economic growth, and promoting the code of rites and law, central authorities throughout Chinese history continued to strengthen the concept of great unity. Local regimes in the Western Regions also held a strong sense of being an integral part of China, considering themselves either tributaries or vassals of the imperial dynasty in the Central Plains.
\nDuring the Han Dynasty, King Yan of Shache, in the Western Regions, often told his son that they must serve the Han court from generation to generation and never betray it. During the Tang Dynasty, various tribes in the northwest honored Emperor Taizong of Tang as the "Heavenly Khan". During the Ming and Qing dynasties, local regimes in the Western Regions — such as the Yarkand Khanate — regularly traveled to the imperial capital to pay tribute on a "golden road".
\nThe enduring tradition of great unity of the Chinese civilization affirms that unification has always been at the core of China's core national interests, and that a strong and unified country is fundamental to the future of all ethnic groups.
\nStrengthening governance over Xinjiang in line with local conditions. In China, past central authorities attached great importance to the governance of border areas. On the premise of political unity, they adapted to local conditions and administered the region in line with local customs.
\nFrom Han Dynasty's Chamberlain for Dependencies, to Court of State Ceremonial in the Tang and Song dynasties, to Commission for Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs in the Yuan Dynasty, to Court of Colonial Affairs in the Qing Dynasty, successive central authorities set up specific agencies to oversee ethnic affairs in border areas.
\nThe Han court strengthened its administration over the Western Regions by conferring titles on and presenting official seals to the heads and officials of local vassal regimes, so as to maintain the ruling order and consolidate central authority.
\nIn the Tang Dynasty, the same system of prefectures and counties as in the Central Plains was applied in the regions of Yizhou, Xizhou and Tingzhou. In areas west of these three prefectures, local tribal leaders, who were granted titles such as prefect or commander-in-chief, would follow the imperial court's orders and carry out its missions by defending the country's territory and sending troops to battles.
\nIn the Qing Dynasty, governance in the region was made more systematic and comprehensive through a mechanism that integrated military and political administration and included the Eight Banners system, the system of prefectures and counties, the Baeg and the Jasak systems.
\nAfter Xinjiang was established as a province, the system of prefectures and counties was adopted across the region like the rest of the country.
\nAll the imperial dynasties throughout Chinese history have integrated the maintaining of a unified political order with governing in line with local customs, ensuring efficient and effective administration of Xinjiang by the central authorities.
\nVigorously developing and building Xinjiang. Central authorities across all historical periods of China attached great importance to the development and building of Xinjiang. The Han Dynasty sent garrison troops to convert wasteland into arable land in the Western Regions, a practice that was continued and expanded to the whole region during the Tang Dynasty. By the Qing Dynasty, the areas of reclaimed farmlands had exceeded 10 million mu (approximately 667,000 hectares).
\nWater conservancy projects have also flourished. The Milan Ruins in Ruoqiang County are a well-preserved and relatively intact example of Han Dynasty water conservancy facilities in the region. During the Tang Dynasty, Taotuo water management offices were established, with officials overseeing water conservancy work. The Qing Dynasty promoted extensive water conservancy construction in Xinjiang, dredging rivers and canals and popularizing the karez system — an underground irrigation system primarily in use in arid regions. By the late Guangxu era (1875-1908) of the Qing Dynasty, the total length of canals in Xinjiang had surpassed 35,000 kilometers, with a total irrigation capacity exceeding 10 million mu (approximately 667,000 hectares).
\nXinjiang has been a vital hub of the Silk Road since ancient times. Central authorities set up postal stations along key routes to ensure the safety of commercial routes for trade and exchanges. On the Silk Road, envoys and caravans traveled between countries and continents, their activities spanning over a thousand years.
\nWith the booming trade, a number of cities and towns, such as Yutian, Shule, Xizhou, Tingzhou, Huiyuan, and Dihua, were built one after another in Xinjiang, driving economic development and population growth. The continuous development and construction of Xinjiang laid a solid material foundation for effective governance and stability in the border areas.
\nAdvancing ethnic integration and religious coexistence. Central authorities throughout China's history regarded ethnic and religious affairs as a key priority in the governance of Xinjiang. In each historical period, people from diverse ethnic backgrounds migrated to or left the region in large groups. Ethnic groups had grown, developed and integrated with each other despite periods of isolation and conflict, forging a bond thicker than blood and sharing weal and woe together. All of them have made important contributions to exploring, developing, and protecting Xinjiang.
\nThe Liu Pingguo Stele of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220) and the 883 Tang-Dynasty documents unearthed from the Keyakekuduke Watchtower site in Yuli County record vivid scenes of people of diverse ethnic groups jointly garrisoning the frontier. In the Qing Dynasty, the court moved military personnel and civilians of various ethnic groups, including the Manchu, Han, Hui, Mongolian (Chahar Tribe), Xibe, and Suolun (Daur), together with their families, to Xinjiang to garrison the border areas and engage in agricultural cultivation, strengthening northwestern border defense.
\nThe Xinjiang region has always been a place where multiple religions coexist, and central authorities all incorporated the management of religious affairs into the national governance system. In the Tang Dynasty, the position of Chief Buddhist Monk was established to supervise Buddhist affairs in the four garrison commands of Anxi: Qiuci, Yutian, Shule, and Suiye. The Qing Dynasty promulgated the Administrative Codex for Xinjiang, stipulating that the Motisebu Baeg should administer Islamic affairs without interfering in civil affairs.
\nThe fact that the Chinese civilization has been forged through the convergence of diverse cultures fundamentally determines the historical trajectory of ethnic interaction and integration, as well as the harmonious coexistence of religious beliefs in China.
\nUniting all ethnic groups with the best of traditional Chinese culture. Central authorities across China's historical periods regarded promoting mainstream values and the best of traditional Chinese culture as an indispensable part of governing Xinjiang. The formation and development of Chinese culture could not have been sustained without the Chinese written language. After the Western Han Dynasty unified the Western Regions, the Chinese language and writing system began to be promoted, and has been in continuous use in Xinjiang ever since.
\nConfucianism has a profound impact on the Western Regions. By the Tang Dynasty, Confucian classics had been widely disseminated — numerous fragmented manuscripts of the Book of Songs, Book of History, Book of Rites, and The Analects of Confucius have been unearthed in archeological excavations in Turpan. Institutions and statutes originating from the Central Plains were implemented in Xinjiang, and Chinese institutions and cultural traditions, including the Rites of Zhou, took root in the region, exemplified by the widespread application of the Statutes and Regulations of the Qing Dynasty.
\nFor a century or so since the mid-19th century, confronted with an unprecedented crisis of national subjugation and extinction, the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, together with their compatriots across the country, united to resist foreign aggression and fight for national survival. This shared struggle elevated the consciousness of national identity among all ethnic groups to a new height.
\nSince their inception, the cultures of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang have borne the hallmark of unity in diversity of Chinese culture. Chinese culture has always been the harbor and cultural home of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, as well as the driving force for the development of their respective cultures.
\nOver 2,000 years, China's central authorities adopted distinct approaches in their governance of Xinjiang across different historical periods. And Xinjiang has always remained an indispensable and vital part of the unified, multiethnic Chinese nation. Objectively speaking, their concepts and measures for governing Xinjiang had some unavoidable shortcomings: Their governance over Xinjiang varied in intensity, and lacked precision and effectiveness. Especially after the mid-19th century, separatist activities instigated and backed by foreign forces occurred from time to time.
\nHistory was calling for a true leader capable of leading the Chinese nation to independence, people's liberation, and national rejuvenation. This glorious mission rightfully fell on the Communist Party of China, which was duty bound to fulfill these goals.
\nII. CPC's Governance of Xinjiang: Progress and Achievements
\nSince its founding, the CPC has always held deep concern for Xinjiang, and the future and wellbeing of the people of all ethnic groups living on this vast land. Under the leadership of the Party, the people of Xinjiang have traversed a remarkable path: from achieving emancipation and becoming their own masters, to embarking on the socialist road; from embracing reform and opening up and achieving moderate prosperity in all respects, to setting out on the new journey towards Chinese modernization. Together with the rest of the nation, they have witnessed the great transformation from standing up and growing prosperous to becoming strong. Over the past century and more, generations of Chinese Communists have continued to explore and advance theoretical, practical, and institutional innovations, deepening their understanding and grasp of the dynamics of governance in Xinjiang.
\nActive exploration during the New Democratic Revolution between 1919 and 1949. During this period, the CPC united the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang and led them in heroic and unrelenting struggle, bringing them emancipation and enabling them to be their own masters. The founding of the CPC in July 1921 was an epoch-making event in Chinese history. Ever since, the Party has remained a pillar on which the Chinese people, including those in Xinjiang, can rely. In its early years, the Party had given clear emphasis on Xinjiang, sending members to the region to spread Marxism, sow the seeds of revolution, enlighten the people, and raise their political awareness. During the whole nation's war of resistance against Japanese aggression (1931-1945), the CPC — holding high the banner of a national united front — led the people of Xinjiang in supporting the war effort: organizing donations, ensuring the safe transport of international aid to China, fortifying Xinjiang to support the war front from China's interior, and proactively engaging in movements to rescue the country from Japanese occupation. In August 1938, donations from the people of Xinjiang were used to purchase 10 fighter planes — named "Xinjiang" in their honor — to assist the front line.
\nThanks to the CPC's persistent effort, people in Xinjiang developed an unprecedented sense of the Chinese nation as one community, and a large number of progressives devoted themselves to the revolutionary cause. Having secured a decisive victory in the War of Liberation (1946-1950), the CPC central leadership decided to peacefully liberate Xinjiang. The People's Liberation Army (PLA) marched triumphantly into the region, shattering the wild ambition of imperialist and separatist forces to dismember China and safeguarding the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation. This marked a major victory in the cause of national unification and a historic turning point in advancing unity and progress among the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang.
\nComprehensive governance in the process of socialist revolution and construction between 1949 and 1978. During this period, the CPC united the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang and led them in bringing tremendous changes to a region with hard natural conditions, achieving a historic leap into socialist society. The founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC) on October 1, 1949 ushered in a new era: the Chinese people had stood up, and a new chapter for Xinjiang had begun. On December 17 the same year, the People's Government of Xinjiang Province was officially established. Under the Party's leadership, the people of Xinjiang consolidated the newly established people's democratic power, created a new, socialist form of ethnic relations, and abolished the feudal land system. Together, they prudently advanced comprehensive social reforms and completed the socialist transformation, establishing the socialist system in Xinjiang that enabled the region to stride forward with the rest of the country — marking the greatest and most profound change in Xinjiang's history.
\nOn October 7, 1954, the Production and Construction Corps of the Xinjiang Military District of the PLA was formed. A total of 100,000 garrison troops began to open up large swaths of wastelands while guarding the border areas. On October 1, 1955, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was formally established, marking a milestone in the region's development and a new success of the CPC's policies on ethnic affairs. In order to end poverty and catch up, the people of Xinjiang pursued self-reliance and worked with determination under the leadership of the CPC to strengthen their home region, supported by selfless assistance from people across the nation. Consequently, Xinjiang has basically built up its industrial system, improved its agricultural production conditions significantly, and achieved marked progress in education, science and technology, health care, transportation, and water conservancy. It has witnessed a historic transformation from barrenness and poverty to flourishing prosperity, secured pivotal achievements in socialist revolution and construction, and created a miracle that changed its future with the people's undaunted spirit.
\nFurther progress in the process of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization. During this period, the CPC has united the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang and led them confidently onto the broad path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, aiming for greater heights. The convening of the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee in December 1978 was a pivotal juncture of far-reaching significance in the history of the Party and the country. Xinjiang's vast land of 1.66 million square kilometers was awash with the strong tides of reform and opening up. In December 1981, the central government decided to restore the production and construction corps system, giving it the name the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC). As reforms rolled out, the CPC Central Committee — noting Xinjiang's great potential — decided to accelerate its modernization and promote common prosperity among all ethnic groups in the region. The Central Committee lent vigorous support to the region in transforming its advantage in superior resources into growth, guiding it to achieve a strategic shift in its focus. Comprehensive reforms were implemented in both rural and urban areas, while opening up was expanded by attracting external resources and strengthening internal coordination, bringing about new prospects on either side of the Tianshan Mountains.
\nAfter the Fourth Plenary Session of the 13th CPC Central Committee in 1989, the Party Central Committee emphasized that Xinjiang's development and stability was of overarching importance to the nation. For its development, prosperity, and lasting peace and security, the central leadership pooled resources nationwide in assistance to Xinjiang and saw that the socialist market economy was established and improved in the region. This enabled Xinjiang to seize the strategic opportunities presented by the large-scale development of China's west and pioneer a new phase of all-round reform and opening up.
\nFollowing the 16th CPC National Congress in 2002, the Central Committee reaffirmed its commitment to unswervingly advancing reform and opening up and socialist modernization in Xinjiang, maintaining social stability, and promoting ethnic unity. Guided by the major strategic plan of stabilizing and revitalizing Xinjiang, enriching the people, and safeguarding the border areas, the region has achieved sound and rapid economic and social development. In advancing the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, Xinjiang has experienced a historic transformation. Its economy has been markedly strengthened by improving its once relatively backward productive forces, and its society has shifted from a closed and semi-closed outlook to one defined by openness. The people's living standards have also borne witness to profound transformation, evolving from bare subsistence to a basic level of moderate prosperity, and then ultimately to moderate prosperity in all respects. Xinjiang has caught up with the rest of the country in making great strides towards the goals of our time.
\nA new era for socialism with Chinese characteristics. The CPC has united the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang and led them in pressing forward with hard work, upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, creating new miraculous achievements. The 18th CPC National Congress held in November 2012 ushered Chinese socialism into a new era. While pursuing national rejuvenation within a wider context of global change on a scale unseen in a century, the Party Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core has put its work related to Xinjiang high on the agenda of the Party and the country and continued to further its understanding and grasp of the dynamics of governance in the region. The Central Committee convened its second and third meetings on the work related to Xinjiang in 2014 and 2020, and in 2014, 2022 and 2023, General Secretary Xi traveled three times to Xinjiang on inspection tours, establishing the overall goal of social stability and lasting peace and security in the region, laying down the Party's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era.
\nWith the guidelines in place, Xinjiang has focused on forging a strong sense of the Chinese nation as one community, adhered to its strategic positioning in the country, and ensured both development and security. Solid steps have been taken to govern Xinjiang in accordance with the law, maintain stability through ethnic unity, strengthen cultural identity and bonds, bring greater prosperity to the region and its people, and develop Xinjiang from a long-term perspective. This has contributed to unprecedented economic and social development and significant improvement of people's wellbeing, and brought a greater sense of gain, happiness and security to the people.
\nToday's Xinjiang is experiencing the best period of development in its history. Over 26 million Xinjiang people of all ethnic groups are tightly knit like the roots of poplar trees and closely united like the seeds of a pomegranate. Confident and open-minded, they are marching forward on the new journey towards a modern socialist country in all respects and striving for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through hard work and perseverance.
\nIII. CPC Guidelines for Governing Xinjiang in the New Era: Opening Up New Dimensions
\nSince the 18th CPC National Congress, the Party Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core has drawn experience and lessons from past central authorities in governing Xinjiang, and continued to apply and improve the Party's best practices in this regard. It has adopted a systematic and holistic approach to planning and advancing fundamental, essential and long-term undertakings for the region's lasting peace and security. These efforts have explored new dimensions in Xinjiang's governance, enabling the Party to scale new heights in maintaining stability and driving development in the region.
\nThe formulation and development of the CPC's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era. The rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is interwoven with — and interacts with — global change on a scale unseen in a century. Consequently, the strategic role of Xinjiang has become ever more pivotal to the nation's overall trajectory. Prioritizing Xinjiang in the governance of the country, the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core has systematically planned all work related to Xinjiang from an overall strategic perspective and provided answers to a series of questions on the future direction and strategy in governing the region.
\nGeneral Secretary Xi has always paid close attention to the work related to Xinjiang, from a place of care for the people of all of its ethnic groups. At each critical stage in work related to Xinjiang, he has provided strategic direction and guidance, personally steering the course of its development. In April 2014, during an inspection visit to Xinjiang, he highlighted, "The CPC Central Committee has continued to attach great importance to the work related to Xinjiang, emphasizing Xinjiang's special and important strategic role in the work of the Party and the country." He emphasized the major principles and policies of the central leadership to improve the work related to Xinjiang in the new era, and the need to "take a coordinated approach in all undertakings with a focus on social stability and lasting peace and security". In May 2014, the CPC Central Committee held its second meeting on the work related to Xinjiang, at which it reiterated its major principles and policies in this effort and established social stability and lasting peace and security as the overall goal.
\nAfter the meeting, Xi presided over a number of important meetings of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and its standing committee, to make plans for the work related to Xinjiang. In September 2020, at the third central meeting on the work related to Xinjiang held by the CPC Central Committee, he raised the CPC's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era, explaining them in detail. He emphasized governing Xinjiang in accordance with the law, maintaining stability through ethnic unity, strengthening cultural identity and bonds, bringing greater prosperity to the region and its people, and developing Xinjiang from a long-term perspective, to build a socialist Xinjiang with Chinese characteristics in the new era.
\nIn July 2022, on another inspection visit to Xinjiang, Xi pointed out the need to promote the fundamental, essential and long-term undertakings for Xinjiang's lasting peace and security, with a focus on the overall goal. In August 2023, he visited Xinjiang again to hear reports about the work of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region government and the XPCC. He emphasized the full, accurate and faithful implementation of the Party's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era, and the strategic positioning of Xinjiang in the country. With the overall goal in mind, we will make thorough and meticulous efforts to deliver practical results in governing Xinjiang in accordance with the law, maintaining stability through ethnic unity, strengthening cultural identity and bonds, bringing greater prosperity to the region and its people, and developing Xinjiang from a long-term perspective. We will pursue progress while ensuring stability, devote continued and long-term sustained efforts in our work, and build Xinjiang into a beautiful home characterized by unity, harmony, prosperity, cultural progress, and a sound eco-environment in which people live and work in peace and contentment on the path to Chinese modernization. In addition, he has delivered speeches, made remarks, and provided instructions on many occasions, putting forward new ideas, perspectives and requirements on improving the work related to Xinjiang that have further enriched and developed the CPC's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era.
\nThe essence of the CPC's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era. The CPC's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era represent a thorough understanding of the situation in Xinjiang and embody a profound reflection on the work related to the region by the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core. They comprise a complete system of theories with a sound logic and rich content, and sit at the core of all work related to Xinjiang in the new era. Their main content is as follows:
\nViewing and planning the work related to Xinjiang from a strategic perspective. The work related to Xinjiang bears not only on national reunification, ethnic unity, and national security, but also on the initiative to build China into a great country and the goal of national rejuvenation. We must have a clear understanding of the prevailing trend of development in Xinjiang, of the impact of good work in Xinjiang on the overall situation of the Party and the country, and of the work's significance in addressing both domestic and international imperatives, thereby laying a solid foundation for its long-term development, peace and security.
\nUpholding social stability and lasting peace and security as the overall goal of the work related to Xinjiang. This means that all undertakings must be planned and advanced to achieve this goal. We should both channel our resources to address the pressing problems in maintaining social stability and systematically tackle the deep-rooted issues that undermine Xinjiang's lasting peace and security.
\nRallying the people's support is fundamental. Without the people's support, all efforts are futile. We must put the people first, have faith in the people of all ethnic groups, rely on them, and be of service to them. We should provide them with guidance, and let them understand the importance of stability and peace, that a happy life stems from the Party's good policies and the hard work of all ethnic groups united as one, and that the development of Xinjiang cannot be achieved without the support from the whole Party and the whole country.
\nFostering a stronger sense of the Chinese nation as one community. This is fundamental to the work related to Xinjiang in the long run. We must focus on fostering a stronger sense of national identity, fully implement the Party's policies concerning ethnic affairs, and heighten public awareness of ethnic unity and progress. We must move faster to build an ethnically integrated society and neighborhoods and encourage more exchanges, interactions and integration among different ethnic groups, so that they remain as closely united as the seeds of a pomegranate.
\nEnsuring that religions in China conform to China's realities. This concerns the overall work related to Xinjiang. We must fully implement the Party's basic policy on religious affairs, protect lawful practices, proscribe illegal activities, contain extremism, resist infiltration, and punish crime. We must guide religious believers to foster a keen sense of national identity, citizenship, and law-based governance, and provide active guidance to religions so that they can adapt to socialist society.
\nFostering and carrying forward the core socialist values. We must uphold the guiding role of advanced socialist culture and strengthen the cultural identity and bonds of people in Xinjiang. We must guide the people and inspire them to identify more closely with our motherland, the Chinese nation, the Chinese culture, the CPC, and socialism with Chinese characteristics.
\nPromoting high-quality development centered on the people's wellbeing. Xinjiang's development should manifest in the people's wellbeing, betterment of local economy and society, and greater ethnic unity. We must uphold the people-centered development philosophy, and advance economic and social development while improving people's wellbeing so that the people of all ethnic groups live and work in peace and contentment, thereby enabling them to enjoy a stronger sense of gain, fulfillment and security.
\nStrengthening the Party's leadership over the work related to Xinjiang. To improve the work related to Xinjiang, we must uphold and strengthen the Party's overall leadership, cultivate a contingent of officials with strong political commitment, professional competence, and exemplary conduct, and ensure the smooth execution of the Central Committee's policies and decisions. We must regard building solid foundations at the grassroots level as the fundamental measure to ensure stability and security in Xinjiang, and strengthen grassroots Party organizations to serve the people, maintain stability, and oppose division.
\nThe principles and requirements of the CPC's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era. The CPC's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era are the foundation for the work related to Xinjiang. We must have a thorough understanding of governing Xinjiang in accordance with the law, maintaining stability through ethnic unity, strengthening cultural identity and bonds, bringing greater prosperity to the region and its people, and developing Xinjiang from a long-term perspective, and advance these undertakings in a coordinated manner.
\nTo govern the region in accordance with the law, we should uphold Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, advance law-based governance, promote its concept across society, adhere to its principles, and implement its requirements in all sectors of the work related to Xinjiang. We should employ law-based thinking and approaches to forestall risks, combat crimes, handle problems, and address disputes, and strengthen law-based and persistent efforts in combating terrorism and maintaining stability, thereby ensuring that all the work related to Xinjiang is carried out under the rule of law.
\nTo maintain stability through ethnic unity, the fundamental issue is to rally people's support. We should regard ethnic unity as the lifeline of the people of all ethnic groups, safeguard the unity of the Chinese nation, and continue to foster a stronger sense of the Chinese nation as one community. We should make systematic efforts to ensure that religions in China conform to China's realities, to unite the people of all ethnic groups closer around the Party, and to forge tremendous momentum to build a beautiful Xinjiang.
\nTo strengthen cultural identity and bonds, we should see that people in Xinjiang identify with the Chinese culture. Upholding the core socialist values, we should develop advanced socialist culture, promote revolutionary culture, carry forward the best of traditional Chinese culture, and build a spiritual home shared by all the Chinese people. We should provide education and guidance to the people of all ethnic groups to strengthen their sense of Chinese national identity, and reinforce their political commitment and win their support, thus consolidating the ideological foundations for social stability and lasting peace and security.
\nTo bring greater prosperity to Xinjiang and its people, we should fully and faithfully apply the new development philosophy on all fronts in line with the strategic positioning of Xinjiang in building a great modern socialist country. Giving full play to Xinjiang's advantages in geographic location, resources, and policies, we should actively support Xinjiang in serving and integrating with the new development dynamic and promoting high-quality opening up. We should advance high-quality development centered on the people's wellbeing, and ensure that the benefits of development improve the people's wellbeing and win their support.
\nTo develop Xinjiang from a long-term perspective, we should uphold and strengthen the Party's overall leadership and advance the great new project of strengthening the Party in the new era. We should foster highly competent officials based on the criteria for assessing the caliber of officials in the new era, maintain our strategic resolve, and make meticulous plans before taking any actions. We should pursue progress while ensuring stability, devote continued and long-term sustained efforts in our work, and address deep-rooted problems, to lay solid foundations for achieving the overall goal of the work related to Xinjiang.
\nThe CPC's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era represent both innovations and breakthroughs in theory, and concrete plans and requirements for their implementation. Embodying Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, they encapsulate and build on the past successes of the CPC who lead the Chinese people in governing, stabilizing and developing Xinjiang. They have opened a wide avenue leading to steady and sustained progress in the work related to Xinjiang, marking a new height of the CPC's understanding of the underlying principles in border governance. They are a milestone in the Party's work related to Xinjiang and in the development of the region.
\nUnder the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee and with the support of the whole country, over 26 million people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang are applying the Party's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era in full, to the letter, and in all fields. Keeping the requirements in mind, they are working hard with gratitude and forging ahead in the face of daunting challenges to translate into reality the grand blueprint for Xinjiang drawn up by the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core.
\nIV. Stronger Foundations for Stability, Peace and Security
\nSocial stability and lasting peace and security in Xinjiang are of overarching importance to overall reform, development and stability in China. While balancing development and security, Xinjiang has maintained social stability as a top priority. It has continued to fight terrorism and maintain stability in a law-based and regular manner, preventing and defusing risks in various fields, as well as interference and sabotage by external forces. A historic transformation from chaos to stability and from stability to governance has been achieved in the region.
\nSignificant achievements in the fight against secession. Separatism endangers national unity and undermines ethnic unity, breeding terrorism and extremism in Xinjiang. In the past, ethnic separatists, religious extremists, and terrorists have engaged in rampant sabotaging activities in Xinjiang, disrupting local stability and bringing enormous suffering to the people of all ethnic groups in the region. The Chinese government stands firm against all forms of separatism, terrorism, and extremism, and takes robust action against any acts that aim to split the country, endanger public security, or infringe upon human rights in accordance with the law.
\nXinjiang is resolute in safeguarding national unity and takes robust action against illegal acts and crimes, including the incitement, organization, plotting, and execution of acts that divide the country or jeopardize national unity. It is resolute in guarding against the infiltration and spread of "Pan-Turkism" and "Pan-Islamism" and strives to root out the breeding grounds for terrorism and extremism to sprout and spread. The hard work over the years has reaped notable results in Xinjiang's fight against separatism. Violent and terrorist events have not happened for many years, and social stability and ethnic unity have been effectively safeguarded in the region.
\nEnforcement of regular counterterrorism measures to ensure stability in accordance with the law. This is central to sustaining long-term social stability, peace, and security in Xinjiang. Upholding and promoting the socialist rule of law, Xinjiang has exercised law-based governance in full and across all areas. In accordance with the Criminal Law and Counterterrorism Law of the People's Republic of China, it has advanced the fight against terrorism and continued to maintain stability with standardized, regular and efficient operations within the legal framework.
\nThe autonomous region government has improved the long-term mechanism for rigorous crackdowns on violent and terrorist acts, employed law-based thinking and approaches to combat crimes and maintain stability, and ensured that these efforts were law-based, targeted, and timely. It has established a system for fighting terrorism and maintaining stability in a law-based and regular manner, and a comprehensive prevention and control system for social security, shifting the focus from the very end to the source and evolving from emergency response to a standardized, refined, and regular approach. Policies and measures have been improved to guard against the few terrorists without interrupting the normal order of work, study, and daily life of the majority of people, effecting a fundamental change more conducive to ensuring peace and stability. Since the start of the new era, counterterrorism and stability-maintaining efforts have achieved significant outcomes, bringing an end to the frequent violent and terrorist attacks seen in the past.
\nTargeted countermeasures against foreign sanctions and interference. In recent years, a number of Western countries, led by the United States, have imposed sanctions on businesses and individuals related to Xinjiang on the account of "genocide" and "forced labor" — lies and absurd fallacies they have concocted to interfere in China's internal affairs. Their purpose is political manipulation and economic bullying under the guise of human rights protection. Countering sanctions and interference is essential for breaking the containment of China by the anti-China forces in the US and some Western countries, which use Xinjiang as a handle. It is a just response for safeguarding our national sovereignty, security, and development interests.
\nChina has promulgated relevant laws, regulations, and departmental rules, such as the Foreign Relations Law, the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law, the Provisions on the Application of the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law, and the Provisions on the Unreliable Entity List, taking countermeasures against the unjustified sanctions involving Xinjiang imposed by a mere handful of countries. The Standing Committee of the People's Congress of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region has adopted a resolution opposing a series of US sanctions on Xinjiang and supporting the development of sanctioned enterprises and related industries, fighting back against unilateral sanctions by the US. In addition, the government has provided a range of services for sanctioned businesses, supported them in safeguarding their legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law, given a boost to relevant industries, and created new employment opportunities for people affected by the sanctions.
\nNotable improvements in social governance. Sound social governance is a prerequisite and guarantee for social harmony, stability, and people's wellbeing. Xinjiang has applied and further developed the Fengqiao model for community-level governance in the new era, and improved the urban and rural primary-level governance system that combines self-governance, the rule of law, and the rule of virtue under the leadership of Party organizations. The autonomous region has strengthened grassroots governance through Party development and improved the social governance system based on collaboration, participation, and common interests, consolidating the grassroots foundations. It has conducted regular risk assessment, combined with prevention, coordination, and resolution measures, to effectively forestall and defuse any potential risks or dangers.
\nThe autonomous region government monitors and takes resolute action against illegal acts of grave concern to the public, including severe violent crimes and recurrent offences such as pornography, gambling, drug abuse, food and drug safety violations, environmental crimes, theft, robbery, and conventional, telecom, and online fraud, carrying out regular campaigns targeting criminal gangs and organized crime. It has introduced diverse ways for the resolution of conflicts and disputes by promoting law-based handling of public complaints, advancing the standardized development of integrated management centers with a focus on the county level, and created new forms of dispute resolution such as "horseback mediation teams" and "tea-serving mediation rooms". These initiatives have helped to resolve issues at the community level as soon as they arise. In 2024, 98.52 percent of civil disputes in Xinjiang were solved through mediation. The autonomous region government is firmly committed to maintaining social stability and ensuring people's safety and wellbeing. Significant progress has been made in building a peaceful Xinjiang, providing the people of all ethnic groups with a greater sense of gain, fulfillment, and security.
\nV. Uniting the Chinese Nation as One Community
\nForging a stronger sense of the Chinese nation as one community is the focus of the CPC's work on ethnic affairs in the new era and the focus of all work in ethnic minority areas. Taking solid steps to heighten the sense of national identity, Xinjiang endeavors to improve commonality among its people of all ethnic groups, and guides them to unite as one through both rough times and the smooth towards a shared future, encouraging them to contribute to building China into a great country and creating a better life together.
\nFaster pace in building a cultural home shared by the Chinese nation. Xinjiang continues to promote mainstream opinions and increase the appeal of the Chinese culture and its power to unite people, consolidating the common ideological and political foundations for ethnic unity and progress. Under the guidance of the core socialist values, it has strengthened public education on the history of the CPC, the PRC, reform and opening up, the development of socialism, and the development of the Chinese nation, and carried out extensive educational campaigns, such as the one on "forging a stronger sense of the Chinese nation as one community to realize the Chinese Dream", to enhance cohesion and forge the nation's soul with shared ideals and convictions. Under an initiative for carrying forward revolutionary traditions and heritage, Xinjiang has built 471 education bases for patriotism at all levels, inspiring officials and the public to love the Party and dedicate themselves to the country by promoting the Desert Poplar Spirit and the XPCC Spirit.
\nStudying and exploring the inherent values and contemporary relevance of traditional Chinese culture, Xinjiang has established demonstration sites, where shared Chinese cultural symbols and the collective images of the Chinese nation are showcased; and it has organized regular trips to learn and experience traditional Chinese culture, thus further developing the advanced socialist culture and fostering a stronger sense of identity with the Chinese culture among all ethnic groups. To promote modern civilization, it has advanced campaigns to introduce modern values and encourage modern lifestyles with the help of specialized education centers. It has carried out extensive programs to popularize science and raise awareness of the law, to guide the people in adapting to life of modern civilization. Standard spoken and written Chinese is promoted across the region, and used and taught at schools. As a result, the public has developed a stronger awareness and capability to use standard Chinese, which has united hearts and minds for a shared future through a common tongue.
\nIncreased interactions, exchanges and integration among all ethnic groups. Xinjiang coordinates urban and rural construction planning and the allocation of public service resources to advance all-round integration for the people of all ethnic groups physically, culturally, economically, socially, and psychologically, so that all are closely united like the seeds of a pomegranate. It has accelerated the development of people-centered new urbanization, introducing a more rational distribution of city clusters and small, medium and large cities, and building an ethnically integrated society and community. This approach makes full use of the mutually reinforcing effect between urban and industrial development, attracts populations with a flourishing industry, and makes it possible for all ethnic groups to live, study, work, and enjoy life side by side, as they contribute and share benefits together.
\nFurther efforts have been made to carry forward the Foundation Project for young people and expand the patriotic education program that brings Xinjiang youth to other parts of the country on study trips. In 2024, 86,000 elementary and secondary school students traveled to other provinces and cities on such trips. Extensive "hand-in-hand" student activities have been organized between Xinjiang and provinces providing assistance to it, between schools run by the XPCC and regular schools, and between southern and northern Xinjiang. They are intended to create mixed-classes and mixed-dormitories that give students from different ethnic groups the opportunity to study, live, and grow together. Upholding the cultural core of tourism and promoting integration through tourism, Xinjiang strives to heighten the sense of the Chinese nation as one community throughout its high-quality development of the tourist industry. Tourism has become an important facilitator of interactions, exchanges and integration between ethnic groups. The region has also held activities to promote unity, increase understanding, and forge a stronger bond among the people of all ethnic groups.
\nGreater ethnic unity and progress. With a focus on unity, progress, and common prosperity and development among all ethnic groups, Xinjiang has implemented initiatives to safeguard and develop border areas and advance common prosperity among all ethnic groups. It has incorporated ethnic unity and progress into the regional legislative work and plans for economic and social development, and has promulgated and implemented the Regulations on the Establishment of Model Areas for Ethnic Unity and Progress, alongside the 14th Five-Year Plan for the Establishment of Model Areas for Ethnic Unity and Progress. Model units and individuals have been commended for contributing to ethnic unity and progress, with marked progress in strengthening and developing a new type of socialist ethnic relationship characterized by equality, unity, mutual assistance, and harmony. As of 2024, there were 101 national model areas and units, 14 national education bases, 1,555 model units and 2,690 exemplary individuals at the autonomous region level and above in Xinjiang, including the "People's Guardian" Bayika Kalidibek and the "People's Model" Burmahan Mawluda.
\nSteady progress in ensuring that religions in China conform to China's realities. Xinjiang is a region where religions have coexisted since ancient times. Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism, and Christianity all flourish in the region. Xinjiang fully, accurately, and faithfully implements the Party's policy on freedom of religious belief by respecting people's religious beliefs, administering religious affairs in accordance with the law, allowing religious groups to manage their own affairs independently, and guiding religions to be compatible with socialist society. Following the principle that religions in China should conform to China's realities, the region has strengthened theoretical and political guidance for the religious circle, and has introduced the national flag, the Constitution, laws and regulations, the socialist core values, and fine traditional Chinese culture into venues for religious activities. Efforts have been made to inspire religious figures and believers to identify more closely with the motherland, the Chinese nation, the Chinese culture, the CPC, and socialism with Chinese characteristics.
\nThe autonomous region government supports the religious circle in the study of scripture, and encourages interpretations of religious doctrines and precepts that align with contemporary development and with traditional Chinese culture, thereby enhancing religious people's Chinese cultural identity. To ensure the healthy development of religion in Xinjiang, the region has issued plans on training for religious figures to cultivate talent who are completely versed in both classical religious doctrines and traditional Chinese culture. It has strengthened governance on religious affairs in accordance with the law, and supports the religious circle in countering radicalization and guarding against the infiltration of religious extremism. It guides and supports the religious community to exercise full and strict self-governance, improve self-education, self-management and self-discipline, and lead its believers to contribute to building a great nation and realizing the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
\nVI. Further Progress in Democracy and the Rule of Law
\nWhole-process people's democracy is the defining feature of socialist democracy; it is democracy in its most extensive, genuine and effective form. Acting on this key concept, Xinjiang is committed to the unity of CPC's leadership, the people's position as masters of the country, and law-based governance, and guarantees the implementation of the people's congress system, the system of CPC-led multiparty cooperation and political consultation, the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and the system of community-level self-governance. It has made new strides in advancing democracy and the rule of law.
\nRemarkable achievements in developing whole-process people's democracy. By practicing democracy throughout the whole process of elections, consultations, decision-making, administration, and oversight, Xinjiang has continued to improve the institutional framework for whole-process people's democracy.
\nThe people's congress system serves as a fundamental institutional pillar of whole-process people's democracy. As of 2024, a total of 74,412 people were serving as deputies to people's congresses at all levels in Xinjiang. Among them, 78.69 percent were from the grassroots level, and 69.21 percent were from ethnic minority groups. This composition demonstrates that the people of Xinjiang enjoy an equal status in political affairs, irrespective of ethnic or social background.
\nConsultative democracy is an important form of whole-process people's democracy in practice. As of 2024, Xinjiang had 16,121 members serving on its CPPCC committees at all levels, with 49.06 percent of non-CPC members and 46.13 percent of members from ethnic minority groups. These figures underscore the broad representation and political inclusiveness of the CPPCC system.
\nPrimary-level democracy is a key manifestation of whole-process people's democracy. The system of community-level self-governance has been established for all villages and communities across Xinjiang. Over 85 percent of the matters for decision-making at grassroots self-governance organizations come from public proposals, demonstrating the authenticity of primary-level democracy and its extensive coverage and effectiveness.
\nThe united front is a powerful force in advancing whole-process people's democracy. Xinjiang coordinates efforts to unite members of non-CPC political parties, prominent individuals without party affiliation, non-CPC intellectuals, and businesspeople working in the non-public sector, building extensive consensus.
\nDemocratic oversight is an integral component of whole-process people's democracy. People's congresses at all levels in Xinjiang and their standing committees are continuing to improve their scrutiny of the people's governments, supervision commissions, people's courts, and people's procuratorates at the same level in performing their statutory duties. CPPCC committees at all levels in Xinjiang exercise consultative supervision by expressing views, making criticisms, and giving advice to ensure the legitimate rights and interests of the people of all ethnic groups are protected and realized.
\nEvident strengths of the system of regional ethnic autonomy. By upholding national unity while practicing regional autonomy, and by leveraging regional features while highlighting its multiethnic composition, Xinjiang fully protects the right of all ethnic groups to jointly administer state affairs as masters of the country.
\nXinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region has autonomous areas at all three levels — regional, prefectural, and county level. It has five autonomous prefectures and six autonomous counties, all of which enjoy extensive autonomy as prescribed by law. On all standing committees of people's congresses of ethnic autonomous areas, there are citizens from the ethnic groups exercising autonomy holding the office of chair or vice chair. The chair of the autonomous region, the governors of autonomous prefectures, and the heads of autonomous counties are all citizens from the local ethnic groups exercising regional autonomy.
\nThe people of all ethnic groups have equal legal status, enjoying the right to vote and stand for election, as endowed by the Constitution and the law. They enjoy freedom of religious belief, and have the rights to participate in the administration of state affairs, to receive education, to use and develop their own spoken and written languages, and to preserve and protect the fine traditional culture of their own groups.
\nXinjiang respects and protects ethnic minorities' right to learn and use their own spoken and written languages, takes a sound approach to protecting the spoken and written languages of all ethnic groups, and encourages them to learn languages from each other.
\nImportant advancements in the rule of law. To fully implement the CPC Central Committee's decisions and plans on law-based governance, Xinjiang has actively promoted the rule of law within the government and across society. It respects human rights and ensures its protection throughout the process of legislation, law enforcement, judicature, and law observance, so that the people can see justice served in every law, every enforcement action, and every judicial ruling.
\nXinjiang exercises its local legislative powers in accordance with the law. By the end of 2024, the People's Congress of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and its Standing Committee had formulated, revised and approved 874 local regulations, resolutions and decisions with regulatory functions or on major issues, and special ordinances. Among them, currently in effect are 175 local regulations and 56 resolutions and decisions with regulatory functions or on major issues. They have laid a solid legal foundation for maintaining local social stability and lasting peace and security.
\nXinjiang actively promotes democratic legislation. It has established two grassroots legislative outreach offices at the national level, 23 at the autonomous region level, and 112 at the city level, to extensively solicit public opinions and suggestions on legislative work.
\nXinjiang strives to build a law-based government. Over 500,000 pieces of information on law enforcement were made known to the public by the administrative law enforcement departments at all levels, and law enforcement supervision and inspection were conducted on more than 2,100 occasions.
\nContinuous efforts have been made to strengthen community-level legal systems. Judicial offices have been established for townships and urban sub-districts, and people's mediation committees have been set up for villages and communities, both of which serve as legal counsels for ordinary people. A public legal service system is now in place to cover both urban and rural populations.
\nLaw-based governance of foreign-related affairs has been elevated to a new level. The Standing Committee of the People's Congress of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region has revised the regulations on border administration and released the Regulations on China (Xinjiang) Pilot Free Trade Zone, to build Xinjiang into a core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt.
\nGreater protection of human rights. Respecting and protecting human rights is a constitutional principle in China. Comprehensive progress in human rights is an ongoing quest of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang and all Chinese people. The CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core has integrated this principle into the Party's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era, and made vigorous and solid efforts to protect the basic rights of the people of all ethnic groups in the region.
\nAdopting a people-centered view of human rights, Xinjiang has made the improvement of people's lives the ultimate goal of all its work. It has maintained social harmony and stability in accordance with the law, accelerated the pace of high-quality development, ensured and improved living standards, developed and consolidated ethnic unity, protected the freedom of religious belief by law, and attached importance to the protection and preservation of the fine traditional culture of all ethnic groups. The rights to subsistence and development of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang are effectively guaranteed, and their political, economic, social, cultural, environmental and other rights are fully realized.
\nUnprecedented progress has been made in Xinjiang's human rights cause, owing to multiple factors. The Chinese socialist system offers a strong institutional guarantee, China's high-quality economic and social development lays a solid material foundation, and sustained social stability has created favorable conditions for its development.
\nVII. High-Quality Development and High-Standard Opening Up
\nIn the pursuit of Chinese modernization and common prosperity, none of the nation's 56 ethnic groups should be left behind. Xinjiang has fully, accurately and faithfully applied the new development philosophy and actively contributed to and been integrated with the new development dynamic. The region continues to drive deeper all-round reform and wider high-standard opening up. The foundation for Xinjiang's stable economic and social development has been strengthened, the momentum for growth has been accelerated, and the new development quality and efficiency have been substantially enhanced. Overall, Xinjiang has made solid progress in advancing Chinese modernization.
\nSustainable, sound and rapid economic development. By focusing on its strategic positioning in the nation's overall development, and upholding the integrity of innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development, Xinjiang has been fully committed to high-quality development, seeing significant improvement in its overall economic strength and historic leaps in multiple indicators. The region's GDP increased from about RMB749.95 billion in 2012 to more than RMB2.05 trillion in 2024, exceeding the threshold of RMB2 trillion for the first time with an annual growth rate of 7 percent at constant prices. Its per capita nominal GDP increased 2.3 times from RMB33,495 in 2012 to RMB78,660 in 2024. The revenue in the general public budget jumped from nearly RMB90.9 billion in 2012 to nearly RMB240.97 billion in 2024, representing an average annual growth of more than RMB10 billion.
\nContinuous efforts have been made to optimize Xinjiang's industrial structure. In 2012, the shares of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries were 16.1 percent, 44.3 percent, and 39.6 percent respectively, and in 2024, the figures were 12.5 percent, 39.6 percent, and 47.9 percent. The interconnected and complementary development between the Urumqi-Karamay-Changji Area, northern Xinjiang, eastern Xinjiang, and southern Xinjiang is now fully coordinated. Measures to accelerate new urbanization and advance the regional economic planning and spatial planning for high-quality development have been put in place. The proportion of permanent urban residents in Xinjiang rose from 44.22 percent in 2012 to 60.36 percent in 2024, up by 16.14 percentage points.
\nImproved infrastructure. To optimize infrastructure layout, structure, functions, and system integration, Xinjiang has made overall planning for the construction of 10 networks covering railways, highways, aviation, power, natural gas, logistics and computing. Transportation has been largely improved in the region. The operating mileage of railways totaled 9,202 km as of 2024 — up from 4,914 km in 2012. This network now reaches all prefectures, as well as over 80 percent of county-level administrative regions. The highway network has also grown, from 165,900 km in 2012 to 230,000 km in 2024. All prefectures in Xinjiang are now accessible by highway, as are more than 90 percent of administrative regions at county level. The number of civil air routes in Xinjiang now totals 595, of which 25 are international routes, connecting to 17 countries and regions. A network of air routes covering entire Xinjiang and radiating to the east and west has now basically formed. The first, second, and third channels consistently transmit locally generated electricity to other parts of the country, with 750 kV transmission lines extending more than 12,000 km and delivering in excess of 100 billion kWh of electricity to 22 provinces and equivalent administrative units for five consecutive years. Information highway is also taking shape, with optical cables now extending 1.78 million km. All of its counties are connected with 1000M fiber optic networks, towns with 5G networks, and villages with broadband networks.
\nCluster effect of the modern industrial system. Focusing on national strategic needs, and leveraging its natural resources and industrial capabilities, Xinjiang has accelerated efforts to develop a modern industrial system with its own unique advantages. The region is also rapidly emerging as a national base for high-quality agricultural and livestock products. In 2024, grain yield per unit area reached 7872.75 kg/ha, the highest in the country. The total food output surged from nearly 15.18 million tonnes in 2012 to 23.3 million tonnes in 2024, up 53.6 percent. Xinjiang's cotton output of about 5.69 million tonnes accounted for 92.3 percent of the national total in 2024, maintaining its position as the country's top producer for the 32nd consecutive year. The mechanization rate in plowing, planting, and harvesting has reached 97 percent. Xinjiang is accelerating efforts to build itself into a strategic base of the nation's energy resources. In 2024, the oil and gas production equivalent reached 66.64 million tonnes, and the raw coal output stood at 543 million tonnes. Installed capacity of electricity hit 192.7 million kW in 2024, of which capacity from new energy sources surpassed 100 million kW. The Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi photovoltaic cluster was put on the list of national advanced manufacturing clusters.
\nXinjiang fosters its new quality productive forces in light of local conditions. A talent development fund of RMB10 billion was set up to promote the integrated development and reform of education, talent, and science and technology. The Xinjiang Research Institute of Huairou Laboratory has been put into operation, and the National Innovation Center for Wind Power Generation has been officially launched. Exceeding 10,000 m, the Tarim Oilfield's ultra-deep drilling is now the deepest in Asia. The Xinjiang-to-Chongqing Computing Resource Transfer project was listed as the pilot project for coordinated development of computing and power, and the region's first intelligent computing center has been established and put into use. The Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi national innovation demonstration zone is continuing to improve its leading role, while other five new high-tech industrial development zones have made substantial progress. The region continues to improve its support for high-quality enterprises, developing 11 single-product champion enterprises in the manufacturing sector, 52 exemplary specialized enterprises that use advanced technologies to produce unique and innovative products, and 2,742 high-tech enterprises as of the end of 2024.
\nSolid green and low-carbon development. Xinjiang upholds the principle that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, and takes a holistic and systematic approach to the conservation and improvement of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands and deserts, constantly strengthening its capabilities in safeguarding eco-environmental security. The region has made significant progress in improving air quality. In 2024, the proportion of days with good air quality was 78.1 percent in cities at or above the prefectural level. Water management has also improved, as the region moves towards a more efficient and rational use of its water resources. In 2024, the proportion of surface water at Grade III (good water quality) or above reached 95.9 percent. The water supply program in the Tarim River Basin has significantly raised the groundwater level of the lower reaches, thereby promoting the region's coordinated economic and social development with its population, resources, and the eco-environment. Large-scale greening programs have been rolled out in a well-planned manner, including developing shelterbelt networks in northwest, north and northeast China, which has seen the forest coverage rate increase from 4.24 percent in 2012 to 5.07 percent in 2024. Oases area has expanded by 56.6 percent over the past three decades. The battle against desertification on the fringes of the Taklimakan Desert has been stepped up, with the desert now entirely encircled with a sand-blocking green belt stretching 3,046 km — the longest in the world. Xinjiang's accelerated green transformation can also be seen in the region's active efforts to achieve peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality, with carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP continuing to drop.
\nA core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt. Xinjiang has consciously integrated its regional opening up strategy into the country's overall plan of opening up to the west. Focusing on the construction of "One Port, Two Zones, Five Centers, and One Port Economic Belt", it aims to build a golden channel across the Eurasian continent and a gateway for opening up to the west. Consequently, it has accelerated the development of broader channels for opening up. Xinjiang has established 19 ports, including the Kunjirap Port, which is open all year round. There are 119 bilateral transport routes and 10 multilateral road freight routes. A total of 16,400 freight trains traveled through Xinjiang on the China-Europe Railway Express in 2024, marking the fifth consecutive year that the number of trains on the line had exceeded 10,000. The number of Xinjiang's economic and trade partners also increased significantly from a small handful in the 1950s to 196 countries and regions in 2012, and to 211 in 2024. Trade volume has also expanded, with the total import and export value surging from RMB158.96 billion in 2012 to RMB434.16 billion in 2024, surpassing RMB200 billion, RMB300 billion, and RMB400 billion in 2022, 2023 and 2024 respectively. The platform for opening up has improved further. China (Xinjiang) Pilot Free Trade Zone was approved and set up in October, 2023. Over the following year, more than 9,000 enterprises moved into the Zone, whose total import and export value accounted for over 30 percent of the region's total. The region has also prioritized the construction of the Tacheng Pilot Zone for Development and Opening Up, the Horgos Economic Development Zone and the Kashi Economic Development Zone.
\nVIII. Significant Progress in Cultural Development
\nCulture nurtures the mind and cultivates lofty aspirations. In studying and carrying out Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, Xinjiang has bolstered stronger cultural confidence, strengthened cultural identity and bonds, and developed the Chinese culture, including its diverse ethnic cultures, with greater momentum and more robust measures. The region has continued its systematic protection of cultural heritage, boosted cultural creativity, and promoted the prosperous development of socialist culture, to better meet the new aspirations of the people of all ethnic groups for enriched intellectual and cultural lives.
\nCultural heritage under effective protection. Adhering to the principle of prioritizing protection, promoting sound utilization, and minimizing interference, Xinjiang has improved its comprehensive preservation of cultural heritage. It has formulated plans for the protection of regional cultural heritage, and released local regulations such as Regulations on the Protection of the Ancient City of Kashi and Regulations on the Protection of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Manas, as part of its continuing efforts to strengthen legal guarantees for preserving cultural heritage. By 2024, Xinjiang had housed 195 institutions of cultural heritage protection at all levels, 150 registered museums, and 9,545 verified and registered immovable cultural relics, among which 6 were world cultural heritage sites, 133 were key cultural relics sites under national-level protection, and 779 were cultural relics sites under the protection of the autonomous region. The region also boasts 3 intangible cultural heritage items on the list of the UNESCO, 141 items on the national representative list, and 567 items on the list of the autonomous region. Xinjiang has coordinated the protection of cultural heritage and the development of urban and rural areas, provided effective protection and sound management for historic and cultural cities, towns and villages, traditional villages, and streets and districts with historical and cultural significance, and ensured their rational utilization. The region has promoted the preservation and exhibition of key ruins and sites reflecting past central authorities' viable governance of Xinjiang. For instance, the ruins of the Western Regions Frontier Command, Ulanbay Ancient City, Beiting City, and the Ili Commandery have been well preserved and put into good use. Also, the construction of the National Archeological Park of the Site of Beiting City, Museum of the Western Regions Frontier Command, and Silk Road and Great Wall Culture Museum has been completed. The archeological research of Xinjiang falls under the broader "Archeological Finds in China" project. Xinjiang has implemented projects such as the protection and utilization of religious ruins on the rim of the Tarim Basin, built the Qiuci Museum and the Qiuci Wei and Jin Ancient Tomb Site Museum, and promoted the protection of the Kizil Grottoes, Subashi Buddhist Temple Ruins, Loulan Ancient City Ruins, and the Nestorian monastery site on the west side of Turpan City. Xinjiang's Tongtiandong Cave, Keyakekuduke Watchtower site, and Mo'er Temple ruins have all featured on China's "top 10 archeological discoveries of the year" list.
\nFlourishing cultural and artistic creation. Focusing on producing excellent cultural and artistic works, Xinjiang has improved its mechanism for serving, guiding and organizing literary and artistic creation, resulting in a continuous emergence of excellent works. In terms of literary creations, it has launched the Tianshan Literature Award, and many Xinjiang-themed literary works have received nationwide acclaim, including Ben Ba, winner of the Mao Dun Literature Prize; Distant Sunflower Fields and The Western Great Wall, winners of the Lu Xun Literature Prize; and The Flowers Are Always This Red, winner of the national Steed Awards for Ethnic Literature. In the performing arts, songs such as The Shepherds of Koktokay and Apple Fragrance have familiarized the whole country with melodies from Xinjiang; dance dramas such as Five Stars Rise in the East and Zhang Qian have powerfully reflected the nation's history and spirit; dances such as Markit Under the Sunshine and Grandpa's Samawar have been honored with the Lotus Award, China's highest honor in dance; and the performer of the Shaanxi opera Burning Incense received the prestigious China Theater Plum Blossom Awards. In film and television, Xinjiang-themed films have won the Best Works Award for seven consecutive years, including the highly acclaimed Fade Away Pastoral; the children's film The Little Horsewhip was a winner at the China Movie Awards; the TV drama To the Wonder gained viral recognition and was broadcast in several other countries; and the documentary film Fabric of Lives received substantial praise from audiences. Additionally, the brilliant performance at the Kashi sub-venue of the Central Television Station's 2024 Spring Festival Gala captivated viewers around the world.
\nContinuous improvement of the system of public cultural services. Xinjiang has promoted consistent and equal access to public cultural services and channeled quality cultural resources to the community level, protecting the people's cultural rights and interests and improving their quality of life. By the end of 2024, Xinjiang had established 111 public libraries, 118 cultural centers, 1,126 cultural facilities in towns, townships and sub-districts, and 11,783 village cultural centers, providing 695.86 sq m of public cultural facilities per 10,000 people. The autonomous region now boasts 88,800 sports venues, and has established a comprehensive, five-tier public cultural service network spanning the village, township, county, prefecture, and the autonomous region levels. Believing that culture should serve the interests of the people, Xinjiang has made great efforts to ensure every village and household has access to radio and television programs, with coverage rates now reaching 99.26 and 99.37 percent, respectively. The people of all ethnic groups now have easy access to rich cultural products in their neighborhoods. From 2012 to 2024, nearly 1.37 million movie screenings were held for free in nearly 9,000 venues in rural villages or communities and covered all administrative villages. The region has held the China Xinjiang Folk Art Season, Conference on Reading, and village Spring Festival galas that also reached all villages and communities. Additionally, the establishment of the pomegranate seed art troupes has expanded access to literature and the arts in rural areas through regular performances that benefit local residents.
\nAccelerated development of cultural and tourist industries. Xinjiang encourages the positive interplay between culture and tourism, and continues to advance the deeper integration of the two sectors. This enables tourists to embrace not only Xinjiang's breathtaking landscapes, but also its profound culture. To advance this deeper integration, the region has worked out a development plan for cultural and tourist industry clusters, the worth of which could reach RMB1 trillion and more. In its efforts to promote the development of sports tourism, sports training and competition, Xinjiang has hosted the Taklimakan Rally, Tour of Salimu Lake Road Cycling Race, and Freeride World Tour. The industrial cluster effect is becoming increasingly apparent in the region. Resources are now being channeled into developing the winter sports tourism sector, with 72 skiing venues and five national ski resorts established across the region by the end of 2024. Xinjiang now stands among the top in the country's winter tourism. Road trips and special interest tours are immensely popular here, with the Xinjiang section of the G219 national highway, the S101 provincial highway, the Dushanzi-Kuqa highway, the Altay-Hemu highway, and the highway around the Bosten Lake all becoming viral travel destinations among tourists, giving rise to new forms of tourism products in the region. The number of tourists to Xinjiang has increased from 48.6 million in 2012 to 302 million in 2024, a 6.21-fold increase, and the total revenues from tourism in Xinjiang were RMB359.5 billion in 2024.
\nIX. Continuous Improvement in People's Wellbeing
\nLiving a life of contentment is the ultimate human right, and a happy life for the people is the ultimate goal of development in Xinjiang. Committed to a people-centered approach, Xinjiang pursues development to improve its people's wellbeing, benefit local society, and strengthen unity. To this end, the regional government works tirelessly to solve the most pressing and immediate concerns of the people of all ethnic groups. Every year, more than 70 percent of Xinjiang's general public budget is allocated to safeguard and improve people's wellbeing, to ensure that development benefits the people of all ethnic groups in a fair way.
\nA complete victory in the fight against poverty. Xinjiang was once one of the areas with the highest incidence and intensity of poverty in all of China. After the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, the region prioritized the fight against poverty, pooling the best of its resources and adopting targeted measures to end poverty through hard work and perseverance.
\nBy the end of 2020, over 3.06 million of Xinjiang's impoverished rural population, its 3,666 impoverished villages, and 35 impoverished counties had all emerged from poverty. Once the specter of absolute poverty that had haunted Xinjiang for millennia was finally eradicated, the region was able to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, along with the rest of the country. The infrastructure in areas that have escaped poverty has been significantly improved. All towns and townships, as well as administrative villages where conditions permit, now have access to paved roads, bus services, and three-phase power. Dilapidated houses in rural areas have become a thing of the past and the days of drinking bitter and saline water are forever gone.
\nIn 2021, the first year after achieving complete victory against absolute poverty, the per capita disposable income of residents in once impoverished rural areas rose to RMB14,477, a 2.8-fold increase from RMB5,090 in 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 12.3 percent. The numbers of family cars, washing machines, refrigerators, and computers per 100 households had risen by 14.6, 51.6, 49.5 and 5.1 respectively, compared with figures in 2012, reflecting the broader improvements in people's quality of life.
\nXinjiang has embarked on a new journey after eradicating absolute poverty. It has consolidated and expanded its achievements in poverty elimination, promoted all-round rural revitalization, and enabled the people of all ethnic groups to live a more fulfilling and promising life.
\nSteady growth in employment. Xinjiang implements the employment-first strategy and tries its best to achieve high-quality full employment. Employment rates are continuing to improve, with the region's employed population rising from 12.46 million in 2012 to 13.91 million in 2024, up 11.64 percent. The employment structure has also witnessed continued improvement. In 2024, the proportion of people working in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors stood at 31.34 percent, 14.45 percent, and 54.21 percent respectively. The hiring capacity of urban areas has continued to increase, with the number of people working in cities reaching 8.18 million in 2024, accounting for 58.8 percent of the total employed population.
\nPeople's income has increased. In 2024, the per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents reached RMB42,820 and RMB19,427, an increase of RMB23,801 and RMB12,551 respectively, compared with 2012 figures. Better employment has created a better life for all of the region's people. By improving the employment policy system and the mechanism for protecting labor rights and interests, Xinjiang has safeguarded workers' legitimate rights and interests, ensured employment for those with the ability to work, and enabled the people of all ethnic groups to look for the jobs that suit them best and work in decent conditions.
\nComprehensive development of education. Prioritizing the development of education, Xinjiang has moved faster to build a high-quality education system, and worked to ensure that educational development offers greater benefits to the people of all ethnic groups in a fair way.
\nIn 2024, the gross enrollment rate of preschool education in Xinjiang reached 102.72 percent, the completion rate of the nine-year compulsory education was over 99 percent, and the gross enrollment rate of senior high schools was 97.74 percent, all above the national average. Educational investment has continued to expand. Since 2012, fiscal expenditure from the central government on education in Xinjiang has reached RMB1.1 trillion, among which RMB47.9 billion have been used to improve conditions of elementary and secondary schools. These efforts have helped to promote the quality and balanced development of compulsory education.
\nA student financial assistance system covering all stages of education for every student from disadvantaged families has been established, with the amount of assistance increasing from RMB2.039 billion in 2012 to RMB9.306 billion in 2024. Students in Aksu, Kashi, and Hotan prefectures and the Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in southern Xinjiang receive free education for 15 years, from preschool to senior high school.
\nXinjiang has continued to optimize the configuration and structure of higher education. By 2024, the region had 63 institutions of higher learning, 24 more than 2012, and all five prefectures and autonomous prefectures in southern Xinjiang housed universities offering undergraduate programs, a historic breakthrough. The region has further expanded the scale of vocational education, with the number of students in vocational schools growing by 60.69 percent between 2012 and 2024 to reach 575,000. Through the establishment of a modern vocational education system, Xinjiang has cultivated a large number of highly skilled workers.
\nImproved and optimized health service system. Xinjiang continues to improve its policies on promoting public health and has significantly increased its protection of people's health. By 2024, Xinjiang had over 19,000 medical institutions of various types at all levels and 314,600 staff in the healthcare system. The number of beds in medical institutions per thousand people in 2024 was 7.85, the number of licensed and assistant doctors was 3.19, and the number of registered nurses was 4.12.
\nThe service system has continued to improve. Xinjiang has established a total of 55 national-level key clinical specialties, 358 key clinical specialties and 54 specialty alliances at the autonomous region level, and 74 telemedicine coordination networks, all of which ensure that the people of all ethnic groups have access to affordable and effective medical services. It has worked to increase the availability of quality medical resources and ensure such resources are channeled towards the community level. The proportion of Xinjiang's closely integrated medical and health consortia at the county level has reached 86.05 percent, with all town and township health centers and village clinics in the region operating up to standards. Local patients can now obtain treatment for everyday health issues at the community level, for common illnesses in counties and prefectures, and for serious diseases within the autonomous region.
\nXinjiang has worked to build an international medical center and make it a signature and demonstration medical project in the core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt. It has sped up the development of three regional medical centers at the national level and four regional medical centers at the autonomous region level, and worked to fulfill their designated roles to ensure all people have access to medical services of higher quality.
\nThe region's ability to safeguard public health has seen significant improvement. Disease prevention and control centers and health monitoring institutions in 14 prefectures, autonomous prefectures and cities, and 96 counties, county-level cities, and districts in Xinjiang have been restructured to improve the system for disease prevention and control. The development of the health sector has helped improve people's health, with the average life expectancy in the region increasing from 30 years in 1949 to 77 years in 2024.
\nAn upgraded social security net. Xinjiang has continued to improve the multitiered social security system that covers the entire population in the urban and rural areas, see that it is fair, unified, reliable, well-regulated and sustainable, and speed up the formation of a strong safety net to ensure people's wellbeing.
\nBy the end of 2024, the number of people under the basic old-age pension scheme and the basic medical insurance system in Xinjiang stood at 16.91 million and 23.67 million respectively, each accounting for over 95 percent of Xinjiang's total population in their category. The number of people under the unemployment insurance and work-related injury insurance exceeded 4.19 million and 5.43 million, respectively, in the same period. While improving its social security system across the board, Xinjiang has worked to upgrade its services to ensure that the fruits of reform and development can benefit more people in a fair way.
\nXinjiang has established and improved the dynamic growth mechanism for social assistance standards and the price-linked adjustment mechanism for social assistance and social security standards. Since 2012, Xinjiang has increased the subsistence allowance 13 consecutive times to meet the people's basic living needs.
\nX. Greater Synergy for Xinjiang's Development
\nChina's great achievements in the new era have been forged through the hard work of the Party and the people. The historic success in all undertakings in Xinjiang and all the epoch-making changes are fundamentally attributed to the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core. It is the result of unconditional assistance from all parts of the country and the hard work of the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang.
\nThe Party and the country's solid support — the foundation for Xinjiang's development. The CPC's firm leadership is the greatest political strength for Xinjiang to overcome all challenges and press forward on the path of Chinese modernization. The CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core has given utmost attention to Xinjiang's development by setting the Party's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era, delineating Xinjiang's five strategic roles in national development, and issuing policy measures for improving people's wellbeing, strengthening social cohesion, and promoting high-quality economic and social development in the region. The Party central leadership has ensured that fundamental principles are upheld in the work related to Xinjiang while breaking new ground.
\nUnder the unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee, the whole Party and the entire nation have adopted a unified approach to national development through overall planning and coordinated action. In the case of Xinjiang, the country has put in place mechanisms under which central departments provide policy support and guidance, provincial and municipal governments cooperate and provide assistance, and Xinjiang's government plays a principal role. These mechanisms have created great synergy for the autonomous region's development.
\nThe central government provides special support for Xinjiang in terms of funds, projects, preferential policies, industry support, and investments. Since 2012, it has allocated more than RMB4 trillion in transfer payments to Xinjiang, including nearly RMB543.48 billion in 2024 alone.
\nThe firm leadership of the Party Central Committee and its solid support provide fundamental guidance for Xinjiang-related work in the new era, giving it a strong impetus.
\nNotable improvements in paired assistance to Xinjiang. Paired assistance is a strategic policy measure to maintain lasting stability, peace and security in Xinjiang. Central Party and government departments, state-owned enterprises directly administered by the central government, and designated provinces and municipalities provide paired assistance to Xinjiang on a comprehensive, targeted and long-term basis. These assistance efforts include dispatching officials and professionals, implementing projects in specific industries, advancing sci-tech and education development, providing medical and health services, and promoting culture and tourism.
\nSince the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, the central government has allocated over RMB200 billion in paired assistance funds for Xinjiang, secured RMB3 trillion in investments for economic cooperation projects, and introduced more than 15,000 enterprises into the region, helping Xinjiang onto a path of high-quality development.
\nPaired assistance to Xinjiang prioritizes safeguarding and improving people's wellbeing. During the 14th Five-year Plan period (2021-2025), 89.2 percent of assistance funds for Xinjiang were earmarked for projects related to the people's wellbeing, and 91.3 percent of funds served grassroots needs, improving the welfare of the people from all ethnic groups.
\nUnder this mechanism, large groups of officials from other parts of the country have been selected and dispatched to work in Xinjiang, and Xinjiang's grassroots officials have received training in more developed places that provide assistance, thereby increasing communication and exchanges between them. Cultural exchanges have been organized to boost communication between people from various ethnic groups in and outside Xinjiang, at multiple levels and in diverse forms. Officials and professionals stationed in Xinjiang have provided effective assistance with selfless devotion, and strengthened the bond between people in Xinjiang and in other parts of the country, helping build a strong synergy for realizing the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.
\nCivil-military integration — new impetus for Xinjiang's development. The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps serves as a major strategic force for realizing Xinjiang's development goals. Upholding the policy of coordination between civilian and military sectors, the autonomous region and the Corps have aligned themselves in designing strategic plans, formulating overarching plans, dovetailing special plans, and coordinating local plans. This integrated approach aims to foster development by leveraging complementary strengths and building close-knit communities.
\nXinjiang has improved the mechanisms for civil-military integration through innovative practices. The civilian and military sectors have jointly implemented a group of key infrastructure projects, including three 10 million-kW new energy bases in Hami City, the Zhundong Economic-Technological Development Park, and around the Tarim Basin. They have worked together to promote high-quality development of platforms for opening up, such as pilot free trade zones, comprehensive bonded areas, pilot zones for development and opening up, and economic and technological development zones.
\nThe civilian and military sectors in Xinjiang have promoted resource sharing and service integration. Twenty higher education institutions, 40 secondary vocational schools, and 590 kindergartens, elementary schools and secondary schools have been respectively paired up for mutual assistance, while a total of 196 medical partnerships have been established.
\nCivil-military integration in Xinjiang is going wider and deeper, contributing to common development through unity and mutual assistance and by leveraging complementary strengths.
\nBuilding a beautiful home through hard work. Today's Xinjiang is characterized by social stability and harmony, ethnic unity and progress, and a strong development momentum. It is a region of cultural prosperity and religious harmony where the people enjoy peace and contentment in life and work. The vast lands on both sides of the Tianshan Mountains are enjoying peace and pulsating with vigor and energy.
\nUnder the firm leadership of the CPC Central Committee, and with the strong support of the entire nation, the more than 26 million people in Xinjiang are working hard to achieve greater progress, bearing in mind the Party's hopes in them. Following the Party's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era in full, to the letter, and in all fields, they uphold the overall goal of stability, peace and security, and focus their work on fostering a stronger sense of the Chinese nation as one community. They have fulfilled their principal role and contributed substantial efforts in advancing Xinjiang's development, an endeavor of fundamental, indispensable and long-term significance to China's overall development.
\nWith unprecedented initiative and a strong motivation to create history, they are adding Xinjiang's chapters to the annals of Chinese modernization with unparalleled confidence, striving to turn into reality the grand blueprint for Xinjiang drawn up by the Party Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core.
\nConclusion
\nIn the mighty tides of history, we must temper our will and character to prepare for new journeys and surmount new obstacles that come before us.
\nThe great achievements in pursuing reform, development and stability in Xinjiang in the new era are, fundamentally, attributed to the leadership by General Secretary Xi Jinping as the core of both the CPC Central Committee and the entire Party, to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and to the full, accurate and faithful implementation of the Party's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era.
\nFollowing the guidelines, we have made a historic leap in the system and capacity for governing border areas, and have found the right way of ensuring both development and security in these areas, driving forward the Xinjiang practice in China's modernization, and achieving the overall goal of social stability and lasting peace and security in the region.
\nHowever distant as it may seem, a dream can be achieved as long as we pursue it; however lofty as it may appear, a goal is attainable as long as we work for it. This year marks the 70th anniversary of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Looking ahead, in the grand endeavors on either side of the Tianshan Mountains and on the great journey of China's modernization, the Party's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era will undoubtedly demonstrate its enduring effectiveness while continually developing and being enriched. Following their guidance, Xinjiang will embark on an increasingly broad development path and embrace an even brighter future.
\n", - "content": "Contents
\nPreface
\nI. Governance of Xinjiang by Past Central Authorities: Philosophies and Experience
\nII. CPC's Governance of Xinjiang: Progress and Achievements
\nIII. CPC Guidelines for Governing Xinjiang in the New Era: Opening Up New Dimensions
\nIV. Stronger Foundations for Stability, Peace and Security
\nV. Uniting the Chinese Nation as One Community
\nVI. Further Progress in Democracy and the Rule of Law
\nVII. High-Quality Development and High-Standard Opening Up
\nVIII. Significant Progress in Cultural Development
\nIX. Continuous Improvement in People's Wellbeing
\nX. Greater Synergy for Xinjiang's Development
\nConclusion
\nPreface
\nAs the boundary of national governance is defined by where the people reside, the primary concern of a country should always be its border areas.
\nSpanning five millennia, our great civilization has seen all the ethnic groups of the Chinese nation open up the motherland's vast territory through untold hardships and unparalleled perseverance and form a unified multiethnic nation. Together, they have written a glorious Chinese history, created a splendid Chinese culture, and fostered our great national spirit.
\nXinjiang, known as the Western Regions in ancient times, has long been an inseparable part of China and an important gateway of the Chinese civilization to the outside world. Throughout history, successive central governments have established administrative institutions for its governance and stationed garrison troops to reclaim wasteland and guard the border areas. Through millennia of exploration and practice, they have accumulated a wealth of experience in this crucial endeavor.
\nSince its birth, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has pursued its mission of working for the wellbeing of the Chinese people and rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, including the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang. Throughout the years of revolution, construction and reform, the CPC has drawn from the experience and lessons in governing Xinjiang to continuously renew and develop its governance philosophy for the region. With new missions and tasks, it has responded to today's new imperatives in its work on Xinjiang, achieving major milestones in promoting reform and development, ethnic unity, social progress, people's wellbeing, and border security in the region.
\nIn the new era, the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core has considered, planned and arranged the work in relation to Xinjiang from the holistic and strategic perspective of building a strong China and pursuing national rejuvenation. It has continuously deepened its understanding of the dynamics of governing Xinjiang, set the overall goal of social stability and lasting peace and security, and established the Party's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era. In providing leadership for the work related to Xinjiang, it has upheld fundamental principles and broken new ground, and successfully driven its progress despite the complex circumstances, challenges, and risks. Historic achievements and transformative change have been witnessed in all undertakings of Xinjiang.
\nI. Governance of Xinjiang by Past Central Authorities: Philosophies and Experience
\nCentral authorities throughout China's history have consistently upheld great unity in their governance, administering the Xinjiang region as an integral part of the country. They maintained social stability, advanced development, and facilitated ethnic interaction and cultural integration, forging a profound awareness and a firm common conviction that Chinese territory must remain intact, the nation must maintain order, all ethnic groups must remain united, and the civilization must be sustained. Their efforts have contributed to the philosophies and experience for governing the nation's border areas.
\nPlacing the administration of Xinjiang in the overall context of national governance. Xinjiang is China's sacred territory. In 60 BCE, the Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE) established the Western Regions Frontier Command, pioneering the effective jurisdiction and administration over the Xinjiang region by central authorities.
\nDuring the period (220-589) from the Three Kingdoms to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Former Liang regime established the Gaochang Prefecture in the Turpan Basin, becoming the first to extend the system of prefectures and counties to the Western Regions.
\nThe Sui Dynasty (581-618) established three prefectures — Shanshan, Qiemo and Yiwu — further expanding the system in the region.
\nThe Tang Dynasty (618-907) successively set up the Grand Anxi Frontier Command and the Grand Beiting Frontier Command to administer the vast areas both north and south of the Tianshan Mountains.
\nDuring the period of the Liao, Song, Xixia, and Kin dynasties (907-1234), the Liao regime established Prince of the State Office of Yutian Kingdom, Office of the Grand Prince of Gaochang Kingdom, and Arslan Uighur Office of the Grand Prince, thereby exercising effective administration over the Western Regions.
\nThe Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368) implemented the system of administrative provinces in the region, before setting up the Beiting Command and the Pacification Commissioner's Office to manage military and political affairs.
\nIn the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), the imperial court established the Hami Garrison Command to manage local affairs.
\nThe Qing Dynasty (1616-1911) established the post of Ili General and exercised more systematic administration over the Xinjiang region. In 1884, the Qing court established the region as a province, renaming it Xinjiang, meaning "land newly recovered".
\nIn 1912, following the Revolution of 1911, Xinjiang became a province of the Republic of China.
\nThroughout China's history, depending on their strengths, imperial dynasties in the Central Plains maintained varying levels of relations with the Western Regions, and their administration of the Xinjiang region differed in intensity. Yet, all imperial dynasties regarded the Western Regions as an inalienable part of their territory, and all exercised jurisdiction over it. Safeguarding national unity has always been a sacred mission of China's central authorities.
\nUpholding national unity. Since ancient times, the Chinese nation has embraced the ideas of "shared customs and practices and unified governance across the country" and "great harmony under Heaven", considering national unification "a universal tenet between Heaven and Earth, and a constant creed throughout the past and present".
\nThrough measures including establishing administrative systems, building up military defenses, guiding economic growth, and promoting the code of rites and law, central authorities throughout Chinese history continued to strengthen the concept of great unity. Local regimes in the Western Regions also held a strong sense of being an integral part of China, considering themselves either tributaries or vassals of the imperial dynasty in the Central Plains.
\nDuring the Han Dynasty, King Yan of Shache, in the Western Regions, often told his son that they must serve the Han court from generation to generation and never betray it. During the Tang Dynasty, various tribes in the northwest honored Emperor Taizong of Tang as the "Heavenly Khan". During the Ming and Qing dynasties, local regimes in the Western Regions — such as the Yarkand Khanate — regularly traveled to the imperial capital to pay tribute on a "golden road".
\nThe enduring tradition of great unity of the Chinese civilization affirms that unification has always been at the core of China's core national interests, and that a strong and unified country is fundamental to the future of all ethnic groups.
\nStrengthening governance over Xinjiang in line with local conditions. In China, past central authorities attached great importance to the governance of border areas. On the premise of political unity, they adapted to local conditions and administered the region in line with local customs.
\nFrom Han Dynasty's Chamberlain for Dependencies, to Court of State Ceremonial in the Tang and Song dynasties, to Commission for Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs in the Yuan Dynasty, to Court of Colonial Affairs in the Qing Dynasty, successive central authorities set up specific agencies to oversee ethnic affairs in border areas.
\nThe Han court strengthened its administration over the Western Regions by conferring titles on and presenting official seals to the heads and officials of local vassal regimes, so as to maintain the ruling order and consolidate central authority.
\nIn the Tang Dynasty, the same system of prefectures and counties as in the Central Plains was applied in the regions of Yizhou, Xizhou and Tingzhou. In areas west of these three prefectures, local tribal leaders, who were granted titles such as prefect or commander-in-chief, would follow the imperial court's orders and carry out its missions by defending the country's territory and sending troops to battles.
\nIn the Qing Dynasty, governance in the region was made more systematic and comprehensive through a mechanism that integrated military and political administration and included the Eight Banners system, the system of prefectures and counties, the Baeg and the Jasak systems.
\nAfter Xinjiang was established as a province, the system of prefectures and counties was adopted across the region like the rest of the country.
\nAll the imperial dynasties throughout Chinese history have integrated the maintaining of a unified political order with governing in line with local customs, ensuring efficient and effective administration of Xinjiang by the central authorities.
\nVigorously developing and building Xinjiang. Central authorities across all historical periods of China attached great importance to the development and building of Xinjiang. The Han Dynasty sent garrison troops to convert wasteland into arable land in the Western Regions, a practice that was continued and expanded to the whole region during the Tang Dynasty. By the Qing Dynasty, the areas of reclaimed farmlands had exceeded 10 million mu (approximately 667,000 hectares).
\nWater conservancy projects have also flourished. The Milan Ruins in Ruoqiang County are a well-preserved and relatively intact example of Han Dynasty water conservancy facilities in the region. During the Tang Dynasty, Taotuo water management offices were established, with officials overseeing water conservancy work. The Qing Dynasty promoted extensive water conservancy construction in Xinjiang, dredging rivers and canals and popularizing the karez system — an underground irrigation system primarily in use in arid regions. By the late Guangxu era (1875-1908) of the Qing Dynasty, the total length of canals in Xinjiang had surpassed 35,000 kilometers, with a total irrigation capacity exceeding 10 million mu (approximately 667,000 hectares).
\nXinjiang has been a vital hub of the Silk Road since ancient times. Central authorities set up postal stations along key routes to ensure the safety of commercial routes for trade and exchanges. On the Silk Road, envoys and caravans traveled between countries and continents, their activities spanning over a thousand years.
\nWith the booming trade, a number of cities and towns, such as Yutian, Shule, Xizhou, Tingzhou, Huiyuan, and Dihua, were built one after another in Xinjiang, driving economic development and population growth. The continuous development and construction of Xinjiang laid a solid material foundation for effective governance and stability in the border areas.
\nAdvancing ethnic integration and religious coexistence. Central authorities throughout China's history regarded ethnic and religious affairs as a key priority in the governance of Xinjiang. In each historical period, people from diverse ethnic backgrounds migrated to or left the region in large groups. Ethnic groups had grown, developed and integrated with each other despite periods of isolation and conflict, forging a bond thicker than blood and sharing weal and woe together. All of them have made important contributions to exploring, developing, and protecting Xinjiang.
\nThe Liu Pingguo Stele of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220) and the 883 Tang-Dynasty documents unearthed from the Keyakekuduke Watchtower site in Yuli County record vivid scenes of people of diverse ethnic groups jointly garrisoning the frontier. In the Qing Dynasty, the court moved military personnel and civilians of various ethnic groups, including the Manchu, Han, Hui, Mongolian (Chahar Tribe), Xibe, and Suolun (Daur), together with their families, to Xinjiang to garrison the border areas and engage in agricultural cultivation, strengthening northwestern border defense.
\nThe Xinjiang region has always been a place where multiple religions coexist, and central authorities all incorporated the management of religious affairs into the national governance system. In the Tang Dynasty, the position of Chief Buddhist Monk was established to supervise Buddhist affairs in the four garrison commands of Anxi: Qiuci, Yutian, Shule, and Suiye. The Qing Dynasty promulgated the Administrative Codex for Xinjiang, stipulating that the Motisebu Baeg should administer Islamic affairs without interfering in civil affairs.
\nThe fact that the Chinese civilization has been forged through the convergence of diverse cultures fundamentally determines the historical trajectory of ethnic interaction and integration, as well as the harmonious coexistence of religious beliefs in China.
\nUniting all ethnic groups with the best of traditional Chinese culture. Central authorities across China's historical periods regarded promoting mainstream values and the best of traditional Chinese culture as an indispensable part of governing Xinjiang. The formation and development of Chinese culture could not have been sustained without the Chinese written language. After the Western Han Dynasty unified the Western Regions, the Chinese language and writing system began to be promoted, and has been in continuous use in Xinjiang ever since.
\nConfucianism has a profound impact on the Western Regions. By the Tang Dynasty, Confucian classics had been widely disseminated — numerous fragmented manuscripts of the Book of Songs, Book of History, Book of Rites, and The Analects of Confucius have been unearthed in archeological excavations in Turpan. Institutions and statutes originating from the Central Plains were implemented in Xinjiang, and Chinese institutions and cultural traditions, including the Rites of Zhou, took root in the region, exemplified by the widespread application of the Statutes and Regulations of the Qing Dynasty.
\nFor a century or so since the mid-19th century, confronted with an unprecedented crisis of national subjugation and extinction, the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, together with their compatriots across the country, united to resist foreign aggression and fight for national survival. This shared struggle elevated the consciousness of national identity among all ethnic groups to a new height.
\nSince their inception, the cultures of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang have borne the hallmark of unity in diversity of Chinese culture. Chinese culture has always been the harbor and cultural home of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, as well as the driving force for the development of their respective cultures.
\nOver 2,000 years, China's central authorities adopted distinct approaches in their governance of Xinjiang across different historical periods. And Xinjiang has always remained an indispensable and vital part of the unified, multiethnic Chinese nation. Objectively speaking, their concepts and measures for governing Xinjiang had some unavoidable shortcomings: Their governance over Xinjiang varied in intensity, and lacked precision and effectiveness. Especially after the mid-19th century, separatist activities instigated and backed by foreign forces occurred from time to time.
\nHistory was calling for a true leader capable of leading the Chinese nation to independence, people's liberation, and national rejuvenation. This glorious mission rightfully fell on the Communist Party of China, which was duty bound to fulfill these goals.
\nII. CPC's Governance of Xinjiang: Progress and Achievements
\nSince its founding, the CPC has always held deep concern for Xinjiang, and the future and wellbeing of the people of all ethnic groups living on this vast land. Under the leadership of the Party, the people of Xinjiang have traversed a remarkable path: from achieving emancipation and becoming their own masters, to embarking on the socialist road; from embracing reform and opening up and achieving moderate prosperity in all respects, to setting out on the new journey towards Chinese modernization. Together with the rest of the nation, they have witnessed the great transformation from standing up and growing prosperous to becoming strong. Over the past century and more, generations of Chinese Communists have continued to explore and advance theoretical, practical, and institutional innovations, deepening their understanding and grasp of the dynamics of governance in Xinjiang.
\nActive exploration during the New Democratic Revolution between 1919 and 1949. During this period, the CPC united the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang and led them in heroic and unrelenting struggle, bringing them emancipation and enabling them to be their own masters. The founding of the CPC in July 1921 was an epoch-making event in Chinese history. Ever since, the Party has remained a pillar on which the Chinese people, including those in Xinjiang, can rely. In its early years, the Party had given clear emphasis on Xinjiang, sending members to the region to spread Marxism, sow the seeds of revolution, enlighten the people, and raise their political awareness. During the whole nation's war of resistance against Japanese aggression (1931-1945), the CPC — holding high the banner of a national united front — led the people of Xinjiang in supporting the war effort: organizing donations, ensuring the safe transport of international aid to China, fortifying Xinjiang to support the war front from China's interior, and proactively engaging in movements to rescue the country from Japanese occupation. In August 1938, donations from the people of Xinjiang were used to purchase 10 fighter planes — named "Xinjiang" in their honor — to assist the front line.
\nThanks to the CPC's persistent effort, people in Xinjiang developed an unprecedented sense of the Chinese nation as one community, and a large number of progressives devoted themselves to the revolutionary cause. Having secured a decisive victory in the War of Liberation (1946-1950), the CPC central leadership decided to peacefully liberate Xinjiang. The People's Liberation Army (PLA) marched triumphantly into the region, shattering the wild ambition of imperialist and separatist forces to dismember China and safeguarding the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation. This marked a major victory in the cause of national unification and a historic turning point in advancing unity and progress among the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang.
\nComprehensive governance in the process of socialist revolution and construction between 1949 and 1978. During this period, the CPC united the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang and led them in bringing tremendous changes to a region with hard natural conditions, achieving a historic leap into socialist society. The founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC) on October 1, 1949 ushered in a new era: the Chinese people had stood up, and a new chapter for Xinjiang had begun. On December 17 the same year, the People's Government of Xinjiang Province was officially established. Under the Party's leadership, the people of Xinjiang consolidated the newly established people's democratic power, created a new, socialist form of ethnic relations, and abolished the feudal land system. Together, they prudently advanced comprehensive social reforms and completed the socialist transformation, establishing the socialist system in Xinjiang that enabled the region to stride forward with the rest of the country — marking the greatest and most profound change in Xinjiang's history.
\nOn October 7, 1954, the Production and Construction Corps of the Xinjiang Military District of the PLA was formed. A total of 100,000 garrison troops began to open up large swaths of wastelands while guarding the border areas. On October 1, 1955, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was formally established, marking a milestone in the region's development and a new success of the CPC's policies on ethnic affairs. In order to end poverty and catch up, the people of Xinjiang pursued self-reliance and worked with determination under the leadership of the CPC to strengthen their home region, supported by selfless assistance from people across the nation. Consequently, Xinjiang has basically built up its industrial system, improved its agricultural production conditions significantly, and achieved marked progress in education, science and technology, health care, transportation, and water conservancy. It has witnessed a historic transformation from barrenness and poverty to flourishing prosperity, secured pivotal achievements in socialist revolution and construction, and created a miracle that changed its future with the people's undaunted spirit.
\nFurther progress in the process of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization. During this period, the CPC has united the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang and led them confidently onto the broad path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, aiming for greater heights. The convening of the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee in December 1978 was a pivotal juncture of far-reaching significance in the history of the Party and the country. Xinjiang's vast land of 1.66 million square kilometers was awash with the strong tides of reform and opening up. In December 1981, the central government decided to restore the production and construction corps system, giving it the name the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC). As reforms rolled out, the CPC Central Committee — noting Xinjiang's great potential — decided to accelerate its modernization and promote common prosperity among all ethnic groups in the region. The Central Committee lent vigorous support to the region in transforming its advantage in superior resources into growth, guiding it to achieve a strategic shift in its focus. Comprehensive reforms were implemented in both rural and urban areas, while opening up was expanded by attracting external resources and strengthening internal coordination, bringing about new prospects on either side of the Tianshan Mountains.
\nAfter the Fourth Plenary Session of the 13th CPC Central Committee in 1989, the Party Central Committee emphasized that Xinjiang's development and stability was of overarching importance to the nation. For its development, prosperity, and lasting peace and security, the central leadership pooled resources nationwide in assistance to Xinjiang and saw that the socialist market economy was established and improved in the region. This enabled Xinjiang to seize the strategic opportunities presented by the large-scale development of China's west and pioneer a new phase of all-round reform and opening up.
\nFollowing the 16th CPC National Congress in 2002, the Central Committee reaffirmed its commitment to unswervingly advancing reform and opening up and socialist modernization in Xinjiang, maintaining social stability, and promoting ethnic unity. Guided by the major strategic plan of stabilizing and revitalizing Xinjiang, enriching the people, and safeguarding the border areas, the region has achieved sound and rapid economic and social development. In advancing the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, Xinjiang has experienced a historic transformation. Its economy has been markedly strengthened by improving its once relatively backward productive forces, and its society has shifted from a closed and semi-closed outlook to one defined by openness. The people's living standards have also borne witness to profound transformation, evolving from bare subsistence to a basic level of moderate prosperity, and then ultimately to moderate prosperity in all respects. Xinjiang has caught up with the rest of the country in making great strides towards the goals of our time.
\nA new era for socialism with Chinese characteristics. The CPC has united the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang and led them in pressing forward with hard work, upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, creating new miraculous achievements. The 18th CPC National Congress held in November 2012 ushered Chinese socialism into a new era. While pursuing national rejuvenation within a wider context of global change on a scale unseen in a century, the Party Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core has put its work related to Xinjiang high on the agenda of the Party and the country and continued to further its understanding and grasp of the dynamics of governance in the region. The Central Committee convened its second and third meetings on the work related to Xinjiang in 2014 and 2020, and in 2014, 2022 and 2023, General Secretary Xi traveled three times to Xinjiang on inspection tours, establishing the overall goal of social stability and lasting peace and security in the region, laying down the Party's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era.
\nWith the guidelines in place, Xinjiang has focused on forging a strong sense of the Chinese nation as one community, adhered to its strategic positioning in the country, and ensured both development and security. Solid steps have been taken to govern Xinjiang in accordance with the law, maintain stability through ethnic unity, strengthen cultural identity and bonds, bring greater prosperity to the region and its people, and develop Xinjiang from a long-term perspective. This has contributed to unprecedented economic and social development and significant improvement of people's wellbeing, and brought a greater sense of gain, happiness and security to the people.
\nToday's Xinjiang is experiencing the best period of development in its history. Over 26 million Xinjiang people of all ethnic groups are tightly knit like the roots of poplar trees and closely united like the seeds of a pomegranate. Confident and open-minded, they are marching forward on the new journey towards a modern socialist country in all respects and striving for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through hard work and perseverance.
\nIII. CPC Guidelines for Governing Xinjiang in the New Era: Opening Up New Dimensions
\nSince the 18th CPC National Congress, the Party Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core has drawn experience and lessons from past central authorities in governing Xinjiang, and continued to apply and improve the Party's best practices in this regard. It has adopted a systematic and holistic approach to planning and advancing fundamental, essential and long-term undertakings for the region's lasting peace and security. These efforts have explored new dimensions in Xinjiang's governance, enabling the Party to scale new heights in maintaining stability and driving development in the region.
\nThe formulation and development of the CPC's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era. The rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is interwoven with — and interacts with — global change on a scale unseen in a century. Consequently, the strategic role of Xinjiang has become ever more pivotal to the nation's overall trajectory. Prioritizing Xinjiang in the governance of the country, the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core has systematically planned all work related to Xinjiang from an overall strategic perspective and provided answers to a series of questions on the future direction and strategy in governing the region.
\nGeneral Secretary Xi has always paid close attention to the work related to Xinjiang, from a place of care for the people of all of its ethnic groups. At each critical stage in work related to Xinjiang, he has provided strategic direction and guidance, personally steering the course of its development. In April 2014, during an inspection visit to Xinjiang, he highlighted, "The CPC Central Committee has continued to attach great importance to the work related to Xinjiang, emphasizing Xinjiang's special and important strategic role in the work of the Party and the country." He emphasized the major principles and policies of the central leadership to improve the work related to Xinjiang in the new era, and the need to "take a coordinated approach in all undertakings with a focus on social stability and lasting peace and security". In May 2014, the CPC Central Committee held its second meeting on the work related to Xinjiang, at which it reiterated its major principles and policies in this effort and established social stability and lasting peace and security as the overall goal.
\nAfter the meeting, Xi presided over a number of important meetings of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and its standing committee, to make plans for the work related to Xinjiang. In September 2020, at the third central meeting on the work related to Xinjiang held by the CPC Central Committee, he raised the CPC's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era, explaining them in detail. He emphasized governing Xinjiang in accordance with the law, maintaining stability through ethnic unity, strengthening cultural identity and bonds, bringing greater prosperity to the region and its people, and developing Xinjiang from a long-term perspective, to build a socialist Xinjiang with Chinese characteristics in the new era.
\nIn July 2022, on another inspection visit to Xinjiang, Xi pointed out the need to promote the fundamental, essential and long-term undertakings for Xinjiang's lasting peace and security, with a focus on the overall goal. In August 2023, he visited Xinjiang again to hear reports about the work of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region government and the XPCC. He emphasized the full, accurate and faithful implementation of the Party's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era, and the strategic positioning of Xinjiang in the country. With the overall goal in mind, we will make thorough and meticulous efforts to deliver practical results in governing Xinjiang in accordance with the law, maintaining stability through ethnic unity, strengthening cultural identity and bonds, bringing greater prosperity to the region and its people, and developing Xinjiang from a long-term perspective. We will pursue progress while ensuring stability, devote continued and long-term sustained efforts in our work, and build Xinjiang into a beautiful home characterized by unity, harmony, prosperity, cultural progress, and a sound eco-environment in which people live and work in peace and contentment on the path to Chinese modernization. In addition, he has delivered speeches, made remarks, and provided instructions on many occasions, putting forward new ideas, perspectives and requirements on improving the work related to Xinjiang that have further enriched and developed the CPC's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era.
\nThe essence of the CPC's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era. The CPC's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era represent a thorough understanding of the situation in Xinjiang and embody a profound reflection on the work related to the region by the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core. They comprise a complete system of theories with a sound logic and rich content, and sit at the core of all work related to Xinjiang in the new era. Their main content is as follows:
\nViewing and planning the work related to Xinjiang from a strategic perspective. The work related to Xinjiang bears not only on national reunification, ethnic unity, and national security, but also on the initiative to build China into a great country and the goal of national rejuvenation. We must have a clear understanding of the prevailing trend of development in Xinjiang, of the impact of good work in Xinjiang on the overall situation of the Party and the country, and of the work's significance in addressing both domestic and international imperatives, thereby laying a solid foundation for its long-term development, peace and security.
\nUpholding social stability and lasting peace and security as the overall goal of the work related to Xinjiang. This means that all undertakings must be planned and advanced to achieve this goal. We should both channel our resources to address the pressing problems in maintaining social stability and systematically tackle the deep-rooted issues that undermine Xinjiang's lasting peace and security.
\nRallying the people's support is fundamental. Without the people's support, all efforts are futile. We must put the people first, have faith in the people of all ethnic groups, rely on them, and be of service to them. We should provide them with guidance, and let them understand the importance of stability and peace, that a happy life stems from the Party's good policies and the hard work of all ethnic groups united as one, and that the development of Xinjiang cannot be achieved without the support from the whole Party and the whole country.
\nFostering a stronger sense of the Chinese nation as one community. This is fundamental to the work related to Xinjiang in the long run. We must focus on fostering a stronger sense of national identity, fully implement the Party's policies concerning ethnic affairs, and heighten public awareness of ethnic unity and progress. We must move faster to build an ethnically integrated society and neighborhoods and encourage more exchanges, interactions and integration among different ethnic groups, so that they remain as closely united as the seeds of a pomegranate.
\nEnsuring that religions in China conform to China's realities. This concerns the overall work related to Xinjiang. We must fully implement the Party's basic policy on religious affairs, protect lawful practices, proscribe illegal activities, contain extremism, resist infiltration, and punish crime. We must guide religious believers to foster a keen sense of national identity, citizenship, and law-based governance, and provide active guidance to religions so that they can adapt to socialist society.
\nFostering and carrying forward the core socialist values. We must uphold the guiding role of advanced socialist culture and strengthen the cultural identity and bonds of people in Xinjiang. We must guide the people and inspire them to identify more closely with our motherland, the Chinese nation, the Chinese culture, the CPC, and socialism with Chinese characteristics.
\nPromoting high-quality development centered on the people's wellbeing. Xinjiang's development should manifest in the people's wellbeing, betterment of local economy and society, and greater ethnic unity. We must uphold the people-centered development philosophy, and advance economic and social development while improving people's wellbeing so that the people of all ethnic groups live and work in peace and contentment, thereby enabling them to enjoy a stronger sense of gain, fulfillment and security.
\nStrengthening the Party's leadership over the work related to Xinjiang. To improve the work related to Xinjiang, we must uphold and strengthen the Party's overall leadership, cultivate a contingent of officials with strong political commitment, professional competence, and exemplary conduct, and ensure the smooth execution of the Central Committee's policies and decisions. We must regard building solid foundations at the grassroots level as the fundamental measure to ensure stability and security in Xinjiang, and strengthen grassroots Party organizations to serve the people, maintain stability, and oppose division.
\nThe principles and requirements of the CPC's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era. The CPC's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era are the foundation for the work related to Xinjiang. We must have a thorough understanding of governing Xinjiang in accordance with the law, maintaining stability through ethnic unity, strengthening cultural identity and bonds, bringing greater prosperity to the region and its people, and developing Xinjiang from a long-term perspective, and advance these undertakings in a coordinated manner.
\nTo govern the region in accordance with the law, we should uphold Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, advance law-based governance, promote its concept across society, adhere to its principles, and implement its requirements in all sectors of the work related to Xinjiang. We should employ law-based thinking and approaches to forestall risks, combat crimes, handle problems, and address disputes, and strengthen law-based and persistent efforts in combating terrorism and maintaining stability, thereby ensuring that all the work related to Xinjiang is carried out under the rule of law.
\nTo maintain stability through ethnic unity, the fundamental issue is to rally people's support. We should regard ethnic unity as the lifeline of the people of all ethnic groups, safeguard the unity of the Chinese nation, and continue to foster a stronger sense of the Chinese nation as one community. We should make systematic efforts to ensure that religions in China conform to China's realities, to unite the people of all ethnic groups closer around the Party, and to forge tremendous momentum to build a beautiful Xinjiang.
\nTo strengthen cultural identity and bonds, we should see that people in Xinjiang identify with the Chinese culture. Upholding the core socialist values, we should develop advanced socialist culture, promote revolutionary culture, carry forward the best of traditional Chinese culture, and build a spiritual home shared by all the Chinese people. We should provide education and guidance to the people of all ethnic groups to strengthen their sense of Chinese national identity, and reinforce their political commitment and win their support, thus consolidating the ideological foundations for social stability and lasting peace and security.
\nTo bring greater prosperity to Xinjiang and its people, we should fully and faithfully apply the new development philosophy on all fronts in line with the strategic positioning of Xinjiang in building a great modern socialist country. Giving full play to Xinjiang's advantages in geographic location, resources, and policies, we should actively support Xinjiang in serving and integrating with the new development dynamic and promoting high-quality opening up. We should advance high-quality development centered on the people's wellbeing, and ensure that the benefits of development improve the people's wellbeing and win their support.
\nTo develop Xinjiang from a long-term perspective, we should uphold and strengthen the Party's overall leadership and advance the great new project of strengthening the Party in the new era. We should foster highly competent officials based on the criteria for assessing the caliber of officials in the new era, maintain our strategic resolve, and make meticulous plans before taking any actions. We should pursue progress while ensuring stability, devote continued and long-term sustained efforts in our work, and address deep-rooted problems, to lay solid foundations for achieving the overall goal of the work related to Xinjiang.
\nThe CPC's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era represent both innovations and breakthroughs in theory, and concrete plans and requirements for their implementation. Embodying Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, they encapsulate and build on the past successes of the CPC who lead the Chinese people in governing, stabilizing and developing Xinjiang. They have opened a wide avenue leading to steady and sustained progress in the work related to Xinjiang, marking a new height of the CPC's understanding of the underlying principles in border governance. They are a milestone in the Party's work related to Xinjiang and in the development of the region.
\nUnder the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee and with the support of the whole country, over 26 million people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang are applying the Party's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era in full, to the letter, and in all fields. Keeping the requirements in mind, they are working hard with gratitude and forging ahead in the face of daunting challenges to translate into reality the grand blueprint for Xinjiang drawn up by the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core.
\nIV. Stronger Foundations for Stability, Peace and Security
\nSocial stability and lasting peace and security in Xinjiang are of overarching importance to overall reform, development and stability in China. While balancing development and security, Xinjiang has maintained social stability as a top priority. It has continued to fight terrorism and maintain stability in a law-based and regular manner, preventing and defusing risks in various fields, as well as interference and sabotage by external forces. A historic transformation from chaos to stability and from stability to governance has been achieved in the region.
\nSignificant achievements in the fight against secession. Separatism endangers national unity and undermines ethnic unity, breeding terrorism and extremism in Xinjiang. In the past, ethnic separatists, religious extremists, and terrorists have engaged in rampant sabotaging activities in Xinjiang, disrupting local stability and bringing enormous suffering to the people of all ethnic groups in the region. The Chinese government stands firm against all forms of separatism, terrorism, and extremism, and takes robust action against any acts that aim to split the country, endanger public security, or infringe upon human rights in accordance with the law.
\nXinjiang is resolute in safeguarding national unity and takes robust action against illegal acts and crimes, including the incitement, organization, plotting, and execution of acts that divide the country or jeopardize national unity. It is resolute in guarding against the infiltration and spread of "Pan-Turkism" and "Pan-Islamism" and strives to root out the breeding grounds for terrorism and extremism to sprout and spread. The hard work over the years has reaped notable results in Xinjiang's fight against separatism. Violent and terrorist events have not happened for many years, and social stability and ethnic unity have been effectively safeguarded in the region.
\nEnforcement of regular counterterrorism measures to ensure stability in accordance with the law. This is central to sustaining long-term social stability, peace, and security in Xinjiang. Upholding and promoting the socialist rule of law, Xinjiang has exercised law-based governance in full and across all areas. In accordance with the Criminal Law and Counterterrorism Law of the People's Republic of China, it has advanced the fight against terrorism and continued to maintain stability with standardized, regular and efficient operations within the legal framework.
\nThe autonomous region government has improved the long-term mechanism for rigorous crackdowns on violent and terrorist acts, employed law-based thinking and approaches to combat crimes and maintain stability, and ensured that these efforts were law-based, targeted, and timely. It has established a system for fighting terrorism and maintaining stability in a law-based and regular manner, and a comprehensive prevention and control system for social security, shifting the focus from the very end to the source and evolving from emergency response to a standardized, refined, and regular approach. Policies and measures have been improved to guard against the few terrorists without interrupting the normal order of work, study, and daily life of the majority of people, effecting a fundamental change more conducive to ensuring peace and stability. Since the start of the new era, counterterrorism and stability-maintaining efforts have achieved significant outcomes, bringing an end to the frequent violent and terrorist attacks seen in the past.
\nTargeted countermeasures against foreign sanctions and interference. In recent years, a number of Western countries, led by the United States, have imposed sanctions on businesses and individuals related to Xinjiang on the account of "genocide" and "forced labor" — lies and absurd fallacies they have concocted to interfere in China's internal affairs. Their purpose is political manipulation and economic bullying under the guise of human rights protection. Countering sanctions and interference is essential for breaking the containment of China by the anti-China forces in the US and some Western countries, which use Xinjiang as a handle. It is a just response for safeguarding our national sovereignty, security, and development interests.
\nChina has promulgated relevant laws, regulations, and departmental rules, such as the Foreign Relations Law, the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law, the Provisions on the Application of the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law, and the Provisions on the Unreliable Entity List, taking countermeasures against the unjustified sanctions involving Xinjiang imposed by a mere handful of countries. The Standing Committee of the People's Congress of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region has adopted a resolution opposing a series of US sanctions on Xinjiang and supporting the development of sanctioned enterprises and related industries, fighting back against unilateral sanctions by the US. In addition, the government has provided a range of services for sanctioned businesses, supported them in safeguarding their legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law, given a boost to relevant industries, and created new employment opportunities for people affected by the sanctions.
\nNotable improvements in social governance. Sound social governance is a prerequisite and guarantee for social harmony, stability, and people's wellbeing. Xinjiang has applied and further developed the Fengqiao model for community-level governance in the new era, and improved the urban and rural primary-level governance system that combines self-governance, the rule of law, and the rule of virtue under the leadership of Party organizations. The autonomous region has strengthened grassroots governance through Party development and improved the social governance system based on collaboration, participation, and common interests, consolidating the grassroots foundations. It has conducted regular risk assessment, combined with prevention, coordination, and resolution measures, to effectively forestall and defuse any potential risks or dangers.
\nThe autonomous region government monitors and takes resolute action against illegal acts of grave concern to the public, including severe violent crimes and recurrent offences such as pornography, gambling, drug abuse, food and drug safety violations, environmental crimes, theft, robbery, and conventional, telecom, and online fraud, carrying out regular campaigns targeting criminal gangs and organized crime. It has introduced diverse ways for the resolution of conflicts and disputes by promoting law-based handling of public complaints, advancing the standardized development of integrated management centers with a focus on the county level, and created new forms of dispute resolution such as "horseback mediation teams" and "tea-serving mediation rooms". These initiatives have helped to resolve issues at the community level as soon as they arise. In 2024, 98.52 percent of civil disputes in Xinjiang were solved through mediation. The autonomous region government is firmly committed to maintaining social stability and ensuring people's safety and wellbeing. Significant progress has been made in building a peaceful Xinjiang, providing the people of all ethnic groups with a greater sense of gain, fulfillment, and security.
\nV. Uniting the Chinese Nation as One Community
\nForging a stronger sense of the Chinese nation as one community is the focus of the CPC's work on ethnic affairs in the new era and the focus of all work in ethnic minority areas. Taking solid steps to heighten the sense of national identity, Xinjiang endeavors to improve commonality among its people of all ethnic groups, and guides them to unite as one through both rough times and the smooth towards a shared future, encouraging them to contribute to building China into a great country and creating a better life together.
\nFaster pace in building a cultural home shared by the Chinese nation. Xinjiang continues to promote mainstream opinions and increase the appeal of the Chinese culture and its power to unite people, consolidating the common ideological and political foundations for ethnic unity and progress. Under the guidance of the core socialist values, it has strengthened public education on the history of the CPC, the PRC, reform and opening up, the development of socialism, and the development of the Chinese nation, and carried out extensive educational campaigns, such as the one on "forging a stronger sense of the Chinese nation as one community to realize the Chinese Dream", to enhance cohesion and forge the nation's soul with shared ideals and convictions. Under an initiative for carrying forward revolutionary traditions and heritage, Xinjiang has built 471 education bases for patriotism at all levels, inspiring officials and the public to love the Party and dedicate themselves to the country by promoting the Desert Poplar Spirit and the XPCC Spirit.
\nStudying and exploring the inherent values and contemporary relevance of traditional Chinese culture, Xinjiang has established demonstration sites, where shared Chinese cultural symbols and the collective images of the Chinese nation are showcased; and it has organized regular trips to learn and experience traditional Chinese culture, thus further developing the advanced socialist culture and fostering a stronger sense of identity with the Chinese culture among all ethnic groups. To promote modern civilization, it has advanced campaigns to introduce modern values and encourage modern lifestyles with the help of specialized education centers. It has carried out extensive programs to popularize science and raise awareness of the law, to guide the people in adapting to life of modern civilization. Standard spoken and written Chinese is promoted across the region, and used and taught at schools. As a result, the public has developed a stronger awareness and capability to use standard Chinese, which has united hearts and minds for a shared future through a common tongue.
\nIncreased interactions, exchanges and integration among all ethnic groups. Xinjiang coordinates urban and rural construction planning and the allocation of public service resources to advance all-round integration for the people of all ethnic groups physically, culturally, economically, socially, and psychologically, so that all are closely united like the seeds of a pomegranate. It has accelerated the development of people-centered new urbanization, introducing a more rational distribution of city clusters and small, medium and large cities, and building an ethnically integrated society and community. This approach makes full use of the mutually reinforcing effect between urban and industrial development, attracts populations with a flourishing industry, and makes it possible for all ethnic groups to live, study, work, and enjoy life side by side, as they contribute and share benefits together.
\nFurther efforts have been made to carry forward the Foundation Project for young people and expand the patriotic education program that brings Xinjiang youth to other parts of the country on study trips. In 2024, 86,000 elementary and secondary school students traveled to other provinces and cities on such trips. Extensive "hand-in-hand" student activities have been organized between Xinjiang and provinces providing assistance to it, between schools run by the XPCC and regular schools, and between southern and northern Xinjiang. They are intended to create mixed-classes and mixed-dormitories that give students from different ethnic groups the opportunity to study, live, and grow together. Upholding the cultural core of tourism and promoting integration through tourism, Xinjiang strives to heighten the sense of the Chinese nation as one community throughout its high-quality development of the tourist industry. Tourism has become an important facilitator of interactions, exchanges and integration between ethnic groups. The region has also held activities to promote unity, increase understanding, and forge a stronger bond among the people of all ethnic groups.
\nGreater ethnic unity and progress. With a focus on unity, progress, and common prosperity and development among all ethnic groups, Xinjiang has implemented initiatives to safeguard and develop border areas and advance common prosperity among all ethnic groups. It has incorporated ethnic unity and progress into the regional legislative work and plans for economic and social development, and has promulgated and implemented the Regulations on the Establishment of Model Areas for Ethnic Unity and Progress, alongside the 14th Five-Year Plan for the Establishment of Model Areas for Ethnic Unity and Progress. Model units and individuals have been commended for contributing to ethnic unity and progress, with marked progress in strengthening and developing a new type of socialist ethnic relationship characterized by equality, unity, mutual assistance, and harmony. As of 2024, there were 101 national model areas and units, 14 national education bases, 1,555 model units and 2,690 exemplary individuals at the autonomous region level and above in Xinjiang, including the "People's Guardian" Bayika Kalidibek and the "People's Model" Burmahan Mawluda.
\nSteady progress in ensuring that religions in China conform to China's realities. Xinjiang is a region where religions have coexisted since ancient times. Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism, and Christianity all flourish in the region. Xinjiang fully, accurately, and faithfully implements the Party's policy on freedom of religious belief by respecting people's religious beliefs, administering religious affairs in accordance with the law, allowing religious groups to manage their own affairs independently, and guiding religions to be compatible with socialist society. Following the principle that religions in China should conform to China's realities, the region has strengthened theoretical and political guidance for the religious circle, and has introduced the national flag, the Constitution, laws and regulations, the socialist core values, and fine traditional Chinese culture into venues for religious activities. Efforts have been made to inspire religious figures and believers to identify more closely with the motherland, the Chinese nation, the Chinese culture, the CPC, and socialism with Chinese characteristics.
\nThe autonomous region government supports the religious circle in the study of scripture, and encourages interpretations of religious doctrines and precepts that align with contemporary development and with traditional Chinese culture, thereby enhancing religious people's Chinese cultural identity. To ensure the healthy development of religion in Xinjiang, the region has issued plans on training for religious figures to cultivate talent who are completely versed in both classical religious doctrines and traditional Chinese culture. It has strengthened governance on religious affairs in accordance with the law, and supports the religious circle in countering radicalization and guarding against the infiltration of religious extremism. It guides and supports the religious community to exercise full and strict self-governance, improve self-education, self-management and self-discipline, and lead its believers to contribute to building a great nation and realizing the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
\nVI. Further Progress in Democracy and the Rule of Law
\nWhole-process people's democracy is the defining feature of socialist democracy; it is democracy in its most extensive, genuine and effective form. Acting on this key concept, Xinjiang is committed to the unity of CPC's leadership, the people's position as masters of the country, and law-based governance, and guarantees the implementation of the people's congress system, the system of CPC-led multiparty cooperation and political consultation, the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and the system of community-level self-governance. It has made new strides in advancing democracy and the rule of law.
\nRemarkable achievements in developing whole-process people's democracy. By practicing democracy throughout the whole process of elections, consultations, decision-making, administration, and oversight, Xinjiang has continued to improve the institutional framework for whole-process people's democracy.
\nThe people's congress system serves as a fundamental institutional pillar of whole-process people's democracy. As of 2024, a total of 74,412 people were serving as deputies to people's congresses at all levels in Xinjiang. Among them, 78.69 percent were from the grassroots level, and 69.21 percent were from ethnic minority groups. This composition demonstrates that the people of Xinjiang enjoy an equal status in political affairs, irrespective of ethnic or social background.
\nConsultative democracy is an important form of whole-process people's democracy in practice. As of 2024, Xinjiang had 16,121 members serving on its CPPCC committees at all levels, with 49.06 percent of non-CPC members and 46.13 percent of members from ethnic minority groups. These figures underscore the broad representation and political inclusiveness of the CPPCC system.
\nPrimary-level democracy is a key manifestation of whole-process people's democracy. The system of community-level self-governance has been established for all villages and communities across Xinjiang. Over 85 percent of the matters for decision-making at grassroots self-governance organizations come from public proposals, demonstrating the authenticity of primary-level democracy and its extensive coverage and effectiveness.
\nThe united front is a powerful force in advancing whole-process people's democracy. Xinjiang coordinates efforts to unite members of non-CPC political parties, prominent individuals without party affiliation, non-CPC intellectuals, and businesspeople working in the non-public sector, building extensive consensus.
\nDemocratic oversight is an integral component of whole-process people's democracy. People's congresses at all levels in Xinjiang and their standing committees are continuing to improve their scrutiny of the people's governments, supervision commissions, people's courts, and people's procuratorates at the same level in performing their statutory duties. CPPCC committees at all levels in Xinjiang exercise consultative supervision by expressing views, making criticisms, and giving advice to ensure the legitimate rights and interests of the people of all ethnic groups are protected and realized.
\nEvident strengths of the system of regional ethnic autonomy. By upholding national unity while practicing regional autonomy, and by leveraging regional features while highlighting its multiethnic composition, Xinjiang fully protects the right of all ethnic groups to jointly administer state affairs as masters of the country.
\nXinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region has autonomous areas at all three levels — regional, prefectural, and county level. It has five autonomous prefectures and six autonomous counties, all of which enjoy extensive autonomy as prescribed by law. On all standing committees of people's congresses of ethnic autonomous areas, there are citizens from the ethnic groups exercising autonomy holding the office of chair or vice chair. The chair of the autonomous region, the governors of autonomous prefectures, and the heads of autonomous counties are all citizens from the local ethnic groups exercising regional autonomy.
\nThe people of all ethnic groups have equal legal status, enjoying the right to vote and stand for election, as endowed by the Constitution and the law. They enjoy freedom of religious belief, and have the rights to participate in the administration of state affairs, to receive education, to use and develop their own spoken and written languages, and to preserve and protect the fine traditional culture of their own groups.
\nXinjiang respects and protects ethnic minorities' right to learn and use their own spoken and written languages, takes a sound approach to protecting the spoken and written languages of all ethnic groups, and encourages them to learn languages from each other.
\nImportant advancements in the rule of law. To fully implement the CPC Central Committee's decisions and plans on law-based governance, Xinjiang has actively promoted the rule of law within the government and across society. It respects human rights and ensures its protection throughout the process of legislation, law enforcement, judicature, and law observance, so that the people can see justice served in every law, every enforcement action, and every judicial ruling.
\nXinjiang exercises its local legislative powers in accordance with the law. By the end of 2024, the People's Congress of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and its Standing Committee had formulated, revised and approved 874 local regulations, resolutions and decisions with regulatory functions or on major issues, and special ordinances. Among them, currently in effect are 175 local regulations and 56 resolutions and decisions with regulatory functions or on major issues. They have laid a solid legal foundation for maintaining local social stability and lasting peace and security.
\nXinjiang actively promotes democratic legislation. It has established two grassroots legislative outreach offices at the national level, 23 at the autonomous region level, and 112 at the city level, to extensively solicit public opinions and suggestions on legislative work.
\nXinjiang strives to build a law-based government. Over 500,000 pieces of information on law enforcement were made known to the public by the administrative law enforcement departments at all levels, and law enforcement supervision and inspection were conducted on more than 2,100 occasions.
\nContinuous efforts have been made to strengthen community-level legal systems. Judicial offices have been established for townships and urban sub-districts, and people's mediation committees have been set up for villages and communities, both of which serve as legal counsels for ordinary people. A public legal service system is now in place to cover both urban and rural populations.
\nLaw-based governance of foreign-related affairs has been elevated to a new level. The Standing Committee of the People's Congress of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region has revised the regulations on border administration and released the Regulations on China (Xinjiang) Pilot Free Trade Zone, to build Xinjiang into a core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt.
\nGreater protection of human rights. Respecting and protecting human rights is a constitutional principle in China. Comprehensive progress in human rights is an ongoing quest of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang and all Chinese people. The CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core has integrated this principle into the Party's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era, and made vigorous and solid efforts to protect the basic rights of the people of all ethnic groups in the region.
\nAdopting a people-centered view of human rights, Xinjiang has made the improvement of people's lives the ultimate goal of all its work. It has maintained social harmony and stability in accordance with the law, accelerated the pace of high-quality development, ensured and improved living standards, developed and consolidated ethnic unity, protected the freedom of religious belief by law, and attached importance to the protection and preservation of the fine traditional culture of all ethnic groups. The rights to subsistence and development of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang are effectively guaranteed, and their political, economic, social, cultural, environmental and other rights are fully realized.
\nUnprecedented progress has been made in Xinjiang's human rights cause, owing to multiple factors. The Chinese socialist system offers a strong institutional guarantee, China's high-quality economic and social development lays a solid material foundation, and sustained social stability has created favorable conditions for its development.
\nVII. High-Quality Development and High-Standard Opening Up
\nIn the pursuit of Chinese modernization and common prosperity, none of the nation's 56 ethnic groups should be left behind. Xinjiang has fully, accurately and faithfully applied the new development philosophy and actively contributed to and been integrated with the new development dynamic. The region continues to drive deeper all-round reform and wider high-standard opening up. The foundation for Xinjiang's stable economic and social development has been strengthened, the momentum for growth has been accelerated, and the new development quality and efficiency have been substantially enhanced. Overall, Xinjiang has made solid progress in advancing Chinese modernization.
\nSustainable, sound and rapid economic development. By focusing on its strategic positioning in the nation's overall development, and upholding the integrity of innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development, Xinjiang has been fully committed to high-quality development, seeing significant improvement in its overall economic strength and historic leaps in multiple indicators. The region's GDP increased from about RMB749.95 billion in 2012 to more than RMB2.05 trillion in 2024, exceeding the threshold of RMB2 trillion for the first time with an annual growth rate of 7 percent at constant prices. Its per capita nominal GDP increased 2.3 times from RMB33,495 in 2012 to RMB78,660 in 2024. The revenue in the general public budget jumped from nearly RMB90.9 billion in 2012 to nearly RMB240.97 billion in 2024, representing an average annual growth of more than RMB10 billion.
\nContinuous efforts have been made to optimize Xinjiang's industrial structure. In 2012, the shares of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries were 16.1 percent, 44.3 percent, and 39.6 percent respectively, and in 2024, the figures were 12.5 percent, 39.6 percent, and 47.9 percent. The interconnected and complementary development between the Urumqi-Karamay-Changji Area, northern Xinjiang, eastern Xinjiang, and southern Xinjiang is now fully coordinated. Measures to accelerate new urbanization and advance the regional economic planning and spatial planning for high-quality development have been put in place. The proportion of permanent urban residents in Xinjiang rose from 44.22 percent in 2012 to 60.36 percent in 2024, up by 16.14 percentage points.
\nImproved infrastructure. To optimize infrastructure layout, structure, functions, and system integration, Xinjiang has made overall planning for the construction of 10 networks covering railways, highways, aviation, power, natural gas, logistics and computing. Transportation has been largely improved in the region. The operating mileage of railways totaled 9,202 km as of 2024 — up from 4,914 km in 2012. This network now reaches all prefectures, as well as over 80 percent of county-level administrative regions. The highway network has also grown, from 165,900 km in 2012 to 230,000 km in 2024. All prefectures in Xinjiang are now accessible by highway, as are more than 90 percent of administrative regions at county level. The number of civil air routes in Xinjiang now totals 595, of which 25 are international routes, connecting to 17 countries and regions. A network of air routes covering entire Xinjiang and radiating to the east and west has now basically formed. The first, second, and third channels consistently transmit locally generated electricity to other parts of the country, with 750 kV transmission lines extending more than 12,000 km and delivering in excess of 100 billion kWh of electricity to 22 provinces and equivalent administrative units for five consecutive years. Information highway is also taking shape, with optical cables now extending 1.78 million km. All of its counties are connected with 1000M fiber optic networks, towns with 5G networks, and villages with broadband networks.
\nCluster effect of the modern industrial system. Focusing on national strategic needs, and leveraging its natural resources and industrial capabilities, Xinjiang has accelerated efforts to develop a modern industrial system with its own unique advantages. The region is also rapidly emerging as a national base for high-quality agricultural and livestock products. In 2024, grain yield per unit area reached 7872.75 kg/ha, the highest in the country. The total food output surged from nearly 15.18 million tonnes in 2012 to 23.3 million tonnes in 2024, up 53.6 percent. Xinjiang's cotton output of about 5.69 million tonnes accounted for 92.3 percent of the national total in 2024, maintaining its position as the country's top producer for the 32nd consecutive year. The mechanization rate in plowing, planting, and harvesting has reached 97 percent. Xinjiang is accelerating efforts to build itself into a strategic base of the nation's energy resources. In 2024, the oil and gas production equivalent reached 66.64 million tonnes, and the raw coal output stood at 543 million tonnes. Installed capacity of electricity hit 192.7 million kW in 2024, of which capacity from new energy sources surpassed 100 million kW. The Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi photovoltaic cluster was put on the list of national advanced manufacturing clusters.
\nXinjiang fosters its new quality productive forces in light of local conditions. A talent development fund of RMB10 billion was set up to promote the integrated development and reform of education, talent, and science and technology. The Xinjiang Research Institute of Huairou Laboratory has been put into operation, and the National Innovation Center for Wind Power Generation has been officially launched. Exceeding 10,000 m, the Tarim Oilfield's ultra-deep drilling is now the deepest in Asia. The Xinjiang-to-Chongqing Computing Resource Transfer project was listed as the pilot project for coordinated development of computing and power, and the region's first intelligent computing center has been established and put into use. The Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi national innovation demonstration zone is continuing to improve its leading role, while other five new high-tech industrial development zones have made substantial progress. The region continues to improve its support for high-quality enterprises, developing 11 single-product champion enterprises in the manufacturing sector, 52 exemplary specialized enterprises that use advanced technologies to produce unique and innovative products, and 2,742 high-tech enterprises as of the end of 2024.
\nSolid green and low-carbon development. Xinjiang upholds the principle that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, and takes a holistic and systematic approach to the conservation and improvement of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands and deserts, constantly strengthening its capabilities in safeguarding eco-environmental security. The region has made significant progress in improving air quality. In 2024, the proportion of days with good air quality was 78.1 percent in cities at or above the prefectural level. Water management has also improved, as the region moves towards a more efficient and rational use of its water resources. In 2024, the proportion of surface water at Grade III (good water quality) or above reached 95.9 percent. The water supply program in the Tarim River Basin has significantly raised the groundwater level of the lower reaches, thereby promoting the region's coordinated economic and social development with its population, resources, and the eco-environment. Large-scale greening programs have been rolled out in a well-planned manner, including developing shelterbelt networks in northwest, north and northeast China, which has seen the forest coverage rate increase from 4.24 percent in 2012 to 5.07 percent in 2024. Oases area has expanded by 56.6 percent over the past three decades. The battle against desertification on the fringes of the Taklimakan Desert has been stepped up, with the desert now entirely encircled with a sand-blocking green belt stretching 3,046 km — the longest in the world. Xinjiang's accelerated green transformation can also be seen in the region's active efforts to achieve peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality, with carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP continuing to drop.
\nA core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt. Xinjiang has consciously integrated its regional opening up strategy into the country's overall plan of opening up to the west. Focusing on the construction of "One Port, Two Zones, Five Centers, and One Port Economic Belt", it aims to build a golden channel across the Eurasian continent and a gateway for opening up to the west. Consequently, it has accelerated the development of broader channels for opening up. Xinjiang has established 19 ports, including the Kunjirap Port, which is open all year round. There are 119 bilateral transport routes and 10 multilateral road freight routes. A total of 16,400 freight trains traveled through Xinjiang on the China-Europe Railway Express in 2024, marking the fifth consecutive year that the number of trains on the line had exceeded 10,000. The number of Xinjiang's economic and trade partners also increased significantly from a small handful in the 1950s to 196 countries and regions in 2012, and to 211 in 2024. Trade volume has also expanded, with the total import and export value surging from RMB158.96 billion in 2012 to RMB434.16 billion in 2024, surpassing RMB200 billion, RMB300 billion, and RMB400 billion in 2022, 2023 and 2024 respectively. The platform for opening up has improved further. China (Xinjiang) Pilot Free Trade Zone was approved and set up in October, 2023. Over the following year, more than 9,000 enterprises moved into the Zone, whose total import and export value accounted for over 30 percent of the region's total. The region has also prioritized the construction of the Tacheng Pilot Zone for Development and Opening Up, the Horgos Economic Development Zone and the Kashi Economic Development Zone.
\nVIII. Significant Progress in Cultural Development
\nCulture nurtures the mind and cultivates lofty aspirations. In studying and carrying out Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, Xinjiang has bolstered stronger cultural confidence, strengthened cultural identity and bonds, and developed the Chinese culture, including its diverse ethnic cultures, with greater momentum and more robust measures. The region has continued its systematic protection of cultural heritage, boosted cultural creativity, and promoted the prosperous development of socialist culture, to better meet the new aspirations of the people of all ethnic groups for enriched intellectual and cultural lives.
\nCultural heritage under effective protection. Adhering to the principle of prioritizing protection, promoting sound utilization, and minimizing interference, Xinjiang has improved its comprehensive preservation of cultural heritage. It has formulated plans for the protection of regional cultural heritage, and released local regulations such as Regulations on the Protection of the Ancient City of Kashi and Regulations on the Protection of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Manas, as part of its continuing efforts to strengthen legal guarantees for preserving cultural heritage. By 2024, Xinjiang had housed 195 institutions of cultural heritage protection at all levels, 150 registered museums, and 9,545 verified and registered immovable cultural relics, among which 6 were world cultural heritage sites, 133 were key cultural relics sites under national-level protection, and 779 were cultural relics sites under the protection of the autonomous region. The region also boasts 3 intangible cultural heritage items on the list of the UNESCO, 141 items on the national representative list, and 567 items on the list of the autonomous region. Xinjiang has coordinated the protection of cultural heritage and the development of urban and rural areas, provided effective protection and sound management for historic and cultural cities, towns and villages, traditional villages, and streets and districts with historical and cultural significance, and ensured their rational utilization. The region has promoted the preservation and exhibition of key ruins and sites reflecting past central authorities' viable governance of Xinjiang. For instance, the ruins of the Western Regions Frontier Command, Ulanbay Ancient City, Beiting City, and the Ili Commandery have been well preserved and put into good use. Also, the construction of the National Archeological Park of the Site of Beiting City, Museum of the Western Regions Frontier Command, and Silk Road and Great Wall Culture Museum has been completed. The archeological research of Xinjiang falls under the broader "Archeological Finds in China" project. Xinjiang has implemented projects such as the protection and utilization of religious ruins on the rim of the Tarim Basin, built the Qiuci Museum and the Qiuci Wei and Jin Ancient Tomb Site Museum, and promoted the protection of the Kizil Grottoes, Subashi Buddhist Temple Ruins, Loulan Ancient City Ruins, and the Nestorian monastery site on the west side of Turpan City. Xinjiang's Tongtiandong Cave, Keyakekuduke Watchtower site, and Mo'er Temple ruins have all featured on China's "top 10 archeological discoveries of the year" list.
\nFlourishing cultural and artistic creation. Focusing on producing excellent cultural and artistic works, Xinjiang has improved its mechanism for serving, guiding and organizing literary and artistic creation, resulting in a continuous emergence of excellent works. In terms of literary creations, it has launched the Tianshan Literature Award, and many Xinjiang-themed literary works have received nationwide acclaim, including Ben Ba, winner of the Mao Dun Literature Prize; Distant Sunflower Fields and The Western Great Wall, winners of the Lu Xun Literature Prize; and The Flowers Are Always This Red, winner of the national Steed Awards for Ethnic Literature. In the performing arts, songs such as The Shepherds of Koktokay and Apple Fragrance have familiarized the whole country with melodies from Xinjiang; dance dramas such as Five Stars Rise in the East and Zhang Qian have powerfully reflected the nation's history and spirit; dances such as Markit Under the Sunshine and Grandpa's Samawar have been honored with the Lotus Award, China's highest honor in dance; and the performer of the Shaanxi opera Burning Incense received the prestigious China Theater Plum Blossom Awards. In film and television, Xinjiang-themed films have won the Best Works Award for seven consecutive years, including the highly acclaimed Fade Away Pastoral; the children's film The Little Horsewhip was a winner at the China Movie Awards; the TV drama To the Wonder gained viral recognition and was broadcast in several other countries; and the documentary film Fabric of Lives received substantial praise from audiences. Additionally, the brilliant performance at the Kashi sub-venue of the Central Television Station's 2024 Spring Festival Gala captivated viewers around the world.
\nContinuous improvement of the system of public cultural services. Xinjiang has promoted consistent and equal access to public cultural services and channeled quality cultural resources to the community level, protecting the people's cultural rights and interests and improving their quality of life. By the end of 2024, Xinjiang had established 111 public libraries, 118 cultural centers, 1,126 cultural facilities in towns, townships and sub-districts, and 11,783 village cultural centers, providing 695.86 sq m of public cultural facilities per 10,000 people. The autonomous region now boasts 88,800 sports venues, and has established a comprehensive, five-tier public cultural service network spanning the village, township, county, prefecture, and the autonomous region levels. Believing that culture should serve the interests of the people, Xinjiang has made great efforts to ensure every village and household has access to radio and television programs, with coverage rates now reaching 99.26 and 99.37 percent, respectively. The people of all ethnic groups now have easy access to rich cultural products in their neighborhoods. From 2012 to 2024, nearly 1.37 million movie screenings were held for free in nearly 9,000 venues in rural villages or communities and covered all administrative villages. The region has held the China Xinjiang Folk Art Season, Conference on Reading, and village Spring Festival galas that also reached all villages and communities. Additionally, the establishment of the pomegranate seed art troupes has expanded access to literature and the arts in rural areas through regular performances that benefit local residents.
\nAccelerated development of cultural and tourist industries. Xinjiang encourages the positive interplay between culture and tourism, and continues to advance the deeper integration of the two sectors. This enables tourists to embrace not only Xinjiang's breathtaking landscapes, but also its profound culture. To advance this deeper integration, the region has worked out a development plan for cultural and tourist industry clusters, the worth of which could reach RMB1 trillion and more. In its efforts to promote the development of sports tourism, sports training and competition, Xinjiang has hosted the Taklimakan Rally, Tour of Salimu Lake Road Cycling Race, and Freeride World Tour. The industrial cluster effect is becoming increasingly apparent in the region. Resources are now being channeled into developing the winter sports tourism sector, with 72 skiing venues and five national ski resorts established across the region by the end of 2024. Xinjiang now stands among the top in the country's winter tourism. Road trips and special interest tours are immensely popular here, with the Xinjiang section of the G219 national highway, the S101 provincial highway, the Dushanzi-Kuqa highway, the Altay-Hemu highway, and the highway around the Bosten Lake all becoming viral travel destinations among tourists, giving rise to new forms of tourism products in the region. The number of tourists to Xinjiang has increased from 48.6 million in 2012 to 302 million in 2024, a 6.21-fold increase, and the total revenues from tourism in Xinjiang were RMB359.5 billion in 2024.
\nIX. Continuous Improvement in People's Wellbeing
\nLiving a life of contentment is the ultimate human right, and a happy life for the people is the ultimate goal of development in Xinjiang. Committed to a people-centered approach, Xinjiang pursues development to improve its people's wellbeing, benefit local society, and strengthen unity. To this end, the regional government works tirelessly to solve the most pressing and immediate concerns of the people of all ethnic groups. Every year, more than 70 percent of Xinjiang's general public budget is allocated to safeguard and improve people's wellbeing, to ensure that development benefits the people of all ethnic groups in a fair way.
\nA complete victory in the fight against poverty. Xinjiang was once one of the areas with the highest incidence and intensity of poverty in all of China. After the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, the region prioritized the fight against poverty, pooling the best of its resources and adopting targeted measures to end poverty through hard work and perseverance.
\nBy the end of 2020, over 3.06 million of Xinjiang's impoverished rural population, its 3,666 impoverished villages, and 35 impoverished counties had all emerged from poverty. Once the specter of absolute poverty that had haunted Xinjiang for millennia was finally eradicated, the region was able to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, along with the rest of the country. The infrastructure in areas that have escaped poverty has been significantly improved. All towns and townships, as well as administrative villages where conditions permit, now have access to paved roads, bus services, and three-phase power. Dilapidated houses in rural areas have become a thing of the past and the days of drinking bitter and saline water are forever gone.
\nIn 2021, the first year after achieving complete victory against absolute poverty, the per capita disposable income of residents in once impoverished rural areas rose to RMB14,477, a 2.8-fold increase from RMB5,090 in 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 12.3 percent. The numbers of family cars, washing machines, refrigerators, and computers per 100 households had risen by 14.6, 51.6, 49.5 and 5.1 respectively, compared with figures in 2012, reflecting the broader improvements in people's quality of life.
\nXinjiang has embarked on a new journey after eradicating absolute poverty. It has consolidated and expanded its achievements in poverty elimination, promoted all-round rural revitalization, and enabled the people of all ethnic groups to live a more fulfilling and promising life.
\nSteady growth in employment. Xinjiang implements the employment-first strategy and tries its best to achieve high-quality full employment. Employment rates are continuing to improve, with the region's employed population rising from 12.46 million in 2012 to 13.91 million in 2024, up 11.64 percent. The employment structure has also witnessed continued improvement. In 2024, the proportion of people working in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors stood at 31.34 percent, 14.45 percent, and 54.21 percent respectively. The hiring capacity of urban areas has continued to increase, with the number of people working in cities reaching 8.18 million in 2024, accounting for 58.8 percent of the total employed population.
\nPeople's income has increased. In 2024, the per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents reached RMB42,820 and RMB19,427, an increase of RMB23,801 and RMB12,551 respectively, compared with 2012 figures. Better employment has created a better life for all of the region's people. By improving the employment policy system and the mechanism for protecting labor rights and interests, Xinjiang has safeguarded workers' legitimate rights and interests, ensured employment for those with the ability to work, and enabled the people of all ethnic groups to look for the jobs that suit them best and work in decent conditions.
\nComprehensive development of education. Prioritizing the development of education, Xinjiang has moved faster to build a high-quality education system, and worked to ensure that educational development offers greater benefits to the people of all ethnic groups in a fair way.
\nIn 2024, the gross enrollment rate of preschool education in Xinjiang reached 102.72 percent, the completion rate of the nine-year compulsory education was over 99 percent, and the gross enrollment rate of senior high schools was 97.74 percent, all above the national average. Educational investment has continued to expand. Since 2012, fiscal expenditure from the central government on education in Xinjiang has reached RMB1.1 trillion, among which RMB47.9 billion have been used to improve conditions of elementary and secondary schools. These efforts have helped to promote the quality and balanced development of compulsory education.
\nA student financial assistance system covering all stages of education for every student from disadvantaged families has been established, with the amount of assistance increasing from RMB2.039 billion in 2012 to RMB9.306 billion in 2024. Students in Aksu, Kashi, and Hotan prefectures and the Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in southern Xinjiang receive free education for 15 years, from preschool to senior high school.
\nXinjiang has continued to optimize the configuration and structure of higher education. By 2024, the region had 63 institutions of higher learning, 24 more than 2012, and all five prefectures and autonomous prefectures in southern Xinjiang housed universities offering undergraduate programs, a historic breakthrough. The region has further expanded the scale of vocational education, with the number of students in vocational schools growing by 60.69 percent between 2012 and 2024 to reach 575,000. Through the establishment of a modern vocational education system, Xinjiang has cultivated a large number of highly skilled workers.
\nImproved and optimized health service system. Xinjiang continues to improve its policies on promoting public health and has significantly increased its protection of people's health. By 2024, Xinjiang had over 19,000 medical institutions of various types at all levels and 314,600 staff in the healthcare system. The number of beds in medical institutions per thousand people in 2024 was 7.85, the number of licensed and assistant doctors was 3.19, and the number of registered nurses was 4.12.
\nThe service system has continued to improve. Xinjiang has established a total of 55 national-level key clinical specialties, 358 key clinical specialties and 54 specialty alliances at the autonomous region level, and 74 telemedicine coordination networks, all of which ensure that the people of all ethnic groups have access to affordable and effective medical services. It has worked to increase the availability of quality medical resources and ensure such resources are channeled towards the community level. The proportion of Xinjiang's closely integrated medical and health consortia at the county level has reached 86.05 percent, with all town and township health centers and village clinics in the region operating up to standards. Local patients can now obtain treatment for everyday health issues at the community level, for common illnesses in counties and prefectures, and for serious diseases within the autonomous region.
\nXinjiang has worked to build an international medical center and make it a signature and demonstration medical project in the core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt. It has sped up the development of three regional medical centers at the national level and four regional medical centers at the autonomous region level, and worked to fulfill their designated roles to ensure all people have access to medical services of higher quality.
\nThe region's ability to safeguard public health has seen significant improvement. Disease prevention and control centers and health monitoring institutions in 14 prefectures, autonomous prefectures and cities, and 96 counties, county-level cities, and districts in Xinjiang have been restructured to improve the system for disease prevention and control. The development of the health sector has helped improve people's health, with the average life expectancy in the region increasing from 30 years in 1949 to 77 years in 2024.
\nAn upgraded social security net. Xinjiang has continued to improve the multitiered social security system that covers the entire population in the urban and rural areas, see that it is fair, unified, reliable, well-regulated and sustainable, and speed up the formation of a strong safety net to ensure people's wellbeing.
\nBy the end of 2024, the number of people under the basic old-age pension scheme and the basic medical insurance system in Xinjiang stood at 16.91 million and 23.67 million respectively, each accounting for over 95 percent of Xinjiang's total population in their category. The number of people under the unemployment insurance and work-related injury insurance exceeded 4.19 million and 5.43 million, respectively, in the same period. While improving its social security system across the board, Xinjiang has worked to upgrade its services to ensure that the fruits of reform and development can benefit more people in a fair way.
\nXinjiang has established and improved the dynamic growth mechanism for social assistance standards and the price-linked adjustment mechanism for social assistance and social security standards. Since 2012, Xinjiang has increased the subsistence allowance 13 consecutive times to meet the people's basic living needs.
\nX. Greater Synergy for Xinjiang's Development
\nChina's great achievements in the new era have been forged through the hard work of the Party and the people. The historic success in all undertakings in Xinjiang and all the epoch-making changes are fundamentally attributed to the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core. It is the result of unconditional assistance from all parts of the country and the hard work of the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang.
\nThe Party and the country's solid support — the foundation for Xinjiang's development. The CPC's firm leadership is the greatest political strength for Xinjiang to overcome all challenges and press forward on the path of Chinese modernization. The CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core has given utmost attention to Xinjiang's development by setting the Party's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era, delineating Xinjiang's five strategic roles in national development, and issuing policy measures for improving people's wellbeing, strengthening social cohesion, and promoting high-quality economic and social development in the region. The Party central leadership has ensured that fundamental principles are upheld in the work related to Xinjiang while breaking new ground.
\nUnder the unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee, the whole Party and the entire nation have adopted a unified approach to national development through overall planning and coordinated action. In the case of Xinjiang, the country has put in place mechanisms under which central departments provide policy support and guidance, provincial and municipal governments cooperate and provide assistance, and Xinjiang's government plays a principal role. These mechanisms have created great synergy for the autonomous region's development.
\nThe central government provides special support for Xinjiang in terms of funds, projects, preferential policies, industry support, and investments. Since 2012, it has allocated more than RMB4 trillion in transfer payments to Xinjiang, including nearly RMB543.48 billion in 2024 alone.
\nThe firm leadership of the Party Central Committee and its solid support provide fundamental guidance for Xinjiang-related work in the new era, giving it a strong impetus.
\nNotable improvements in paired assistance to Xinjiang. Paired assistance is a strategic policy measure to maintain lasting stability, peace and security in Xinjiang. Central Party and government departments, state-owned enterprises directly administered by the central government, and designated provinces and municipalities provide paired assistance to Xinjiang on a comprehensive, targeted and long-term basis. These assistance efforts include dispatching officials and professionals, implementing projects in specific industries, advancing sci-tech and education development, providing medical and health services, and promoting culture and tourism.
\nSince the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, the central government has allocated over RMB200 billion in paired assistance funds for Xinjiang, secured RMB3 trillion in investments for economic cooperation projects, and introduced more than 15,000 enterprises into the region, helping Xinjiang onto a path of high-quality development.
\nPaired assistance to Xinjiang prioritizes safeguarding and improving people's wellbeing. During the 14th Five-year Plan period (2021-2025), 89.2 percent of assistance funds for Xinjiang were earmarked for projects related to the people's wellbeing, and 91.3 percent of funds served grassroots needs, improving the welfare of the people from all ethnic groups.
\nUnder this mechanism, large groups of officials from other parts of the country have been selected and dispatched to work in Xinjiang, and Xinjiang's grassroots officials have received training in more developed places that provide assistance, thereby increasing communication and exchanges between them. Cultural exchanges have been organized to boost communication between people from various ethnic groups in and outside Xinjiang, at multiple levels and in diverse forms. Officials and professionals stationed in Xinjiang have provided effective assistance with selfless devotion, and strengthened the bond between people in Xinjiang and in other parts of the country, helping build a strong synergy for realizing the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.
\nCivil-military integration — new impetus for Xinjiang's development. The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps serves as a major strategic force for realizing Xinjiang's development goals. Upholding the policy of coordination between civilian and military sectors, the autonomous region and the Corps have aligned themselves in designing strategic plans, formulating overarching plans, dovetailing special plans, and coordinating local plans. This integrated approach aims to foster development by leveraging complementary strengths and building close-knit communities.
\nXinjiang has improved the mechanisms for civil-military integration through innovative practices. The civilian and military sectors have jointly implemented a group of key infrastructure projects, including three 10 million-kW new energy bases in Hami City, the Zhundong Economic-Technological Development Park, and around the Tarim Basin. They have worked together to promote high-quality development of platforms for opening up, such as pilot free trade zones, comprehensive bonded areas, pilot zones for development and opening up, and economic and technological development zones.
\nThe civilian and military sectors in Xinjiang have promoted resource sharing and service integration. Twenty higher education institutions, 40 secondary vocational schools, and 590 kindergartens, elementary schools and secondary schools have been respectively paired up for mutual assistance, while a total of 196 medical partnerships have been established.
\nCivil-military integration in Xinjiang is going wider and deeper, contributing to common development through unity and mutual assistance and by leveraging complementary strengths.
\nBuilding a beautiful home through hard work. Today's Xinjiang is characterized by social stability and harmony, ethnic unity and progress, and a strong development momentum. It is a region of cultural prosperity and religious harmony where the people enjoy peace and contentment in life and work. The vast lands on both sides of the Tianshan Mountains are enjoying peace and pulsating with vigor and energy.
\nUnder the firm leadership of the CPC Central Committee, and with the strong support of the entire nation, the more than 26 million people in Xinjiang are working hard to achieve greater progress, bearing in mind the Party's hopes in them. Following the Party's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era in full, to the letter, and in all fields, they uphold the overall goal of stability, peace and security, and focus their work on fostering a stronger sense of the Chinese nation as one community. They have fulfilled their principal role and contributed substantial efforts in advancing Xinjiang's development, an endeavor of fundamental, indispensable and long-term significance to China's overall development.
\nWith unprecedented initiative and a strong motivation to create history, they are adding Xinjiang's chapters to the annals of Chinese modernization with unparalleled confidence, striving to turn into reality the grand blueprint for Xinjiang drawn up by the Party Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core.
\nConclusion
\nIn the mighty tides of history, we must temper our will and character to prepare for new journeys and surmount new obstacles that come before us.
\nThe great achievements in pursuing reform, development and stability in Xinjiang in the new era are, fundamentally, attributed to the leadership by General Secretary Xi Jinping as the core of both the CPC Central Committee and the entire Party, to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and to the full, accurate and faithful implementation of the Party's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era.
\nFollowing the guidelines, we have made a historic leap in the system and capacity for governing border areas, and have found the right way of ensuring both development and security in these areas, driving forward the Xinjiang practice in China's modernization, and achieving the overall goal of social stability and lasting peace and security in the region.
\nHowever distant as it may seem, a dream can be achieved as long as we pursue it; however lofty as it may appear, a goal is attainable as long as we work for it. This year marks the 70th anniversary of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Looking ahead, in the grand endeavors on either side of the Tianshan Mountains and on the great journey of China's modernization, the Party's guidelines for governing Xinjiang in the new era will undoubtedly demonstrate its enduring effectiveness while continually developing and being enriched. Following their guidance, Xinjiang will embark on an increasingly broad development path and embrace an even brighter future.
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-09/22/content_007_68d06e24ed50ccabe1519ed9.htm#007DOCUMENT", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Mon, 22 Sep 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "cc7daf1c5ba6a3dd0c1f1023e6668dad", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "010COMMENT - Picture news", "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-09-22/010/20250922_010_03_31660.png\")
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-09-22/011/20250922_011_02_32606.png\")
The author is an associate researcher at the Institute of Modern History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
\nThe American Institute in Taiwan has ignited controversy with a statement that dismisses the binding force of wartime documents signed by the United States — including the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation — asserting instead that "Taiwan's status remains undetermined".
\nThe remarks triggered swift condemnation from Beijing, where many see them as a deliberate attempt to blur historical truths and undermine hard-won justice.
\nThe timing is especially striking. This year marks two anniversaries of profound significance: the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45), and the 80th anniversary of Taiwan's liberation from Japanese colonial rule.
\nFor half a century after the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895 — an unequal pact forced on the defeated Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) government — Taiwan was separated from the motherland and occupied by Japan.
\nBut the Japanese occupation never broke the bonds that tied the island to the Chinese mainland.
\nThroughout those 50 years, Taiwan and mainland compatriots breathed as one, fought as one, and endured pain and suffering as one. Their intertwined struggles form an indivisible chapter of the Chinese nation's history, a chapter written not in ink, but in blood.
\nThe Chinese people's resistance against Japanese aggression was not abstract.
\nIt had names, faces and sacrifices that still command respect. One of the first to rise against Japan was Chiu Feng-chia, a native of Miaoli county, Taiwan — hailed in his youth as the "Talent of Taiwan" and later, at 26, a laureate of the imperial examination.
\nWhen news of Taiwan's colonization reached Chiu, he, full of grief and fury, pricked his finger to write a declaration of protest in his own blood, and led a desperate 20-day defense against the Japanese invasion.
\nOutnumbered and undersupplied, he was eventually forced to withdraw to the mainland, eventually settling down in Jiaoling county, Guangdong province.
\nThere he dedicated himself to education, awakening people's consciousness and keeping Taiwan alive in his heart — he named his son "Nian Tai" ("Remember Taiwan") and requested to be buried facing toward the island he loved.
\nToday, his name graces Feng Chia University in Taiwan, and his former residence in Jiaoling is a protected heritage site and patriotic education base on the mainland.
\nSome anti-Japan activists wielded the scalpel instead of firearms. Lin Szu-ping, a Taiwan physician, risked everything to leave Japanese-occupied Taiwan in 1943, crossing enemy lines to reach the mainland.
\nBy 1945, he was in the Jin-Cha-Ji border region, serving as a trauma surgeon at the Bethune International Peace Hospital.
\nDespite facing relentless gunfire, he saved countless lives, earning collective first-class honors for his surgical team and a personal second-class merit.
\nKnown as "China's Norman Bethune", Lin embodied the humanitarian spirit, providing medical services for people amid the destruction. Lin's scalpels are preserved in the Museum of the War of the Chinese People's Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.
\nThese stories carry a living message. Taiwan's return to the motherland in 1945 was not a gift from foreign powers; it was earned through the sacrifice of compatriots who refused to see the Strait as a dividing line.
\nThe poems, petitions, surgical instruments and other materials they left behind are more than historical curiosities; they are the receipts of a bond sealed in shared struggle.
\nAt a time when some are trying to distort history or sow divisions, such accounts both remind and warn that the unity which delivered us victory in 1945 was hard-won, and needs to be preserved.
\nTaiwan's return to the motherland was the result of collective national efforts, from battlefields to hospital wards, from blood-stained petitions to the quiet resilience of separated families.
\nThe lesson on this historic occasion is clear: our shared history is not an artifact to be locked away; it is a foundation to be built upon.
\nThe unity forged in the crucible of war remains the strongest argument for a shared future.
\nTo forget that would be to betray not only our past, but also our responsibility toward those who sacrificed their lives dreaming of a united and free China.
\nThe views don't necessarily represent those of China Daily.
\nThe author is an associate researcher at the Institute of Modern History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
\nThe American Institute in Taiwan has ignited controversy with a statement that dismisses the binding force of wartime documents signed by the United States — including the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation — asserting instead that "Taiwan's status remains undetermined".
\nThe remarks triggered swift condemnation from Beijing, where many see them as a deliberate attempt to blur historical truths and undermine hard-won justice.
\nThe timing is especially striking. This year marks two anniversaries of profound significance: the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45), and the 80th anniversary of Taiwan's liberation from Japanese colonial rule.
\nFor half a century after the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895 — an unequal pact forced on the defeated Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) government — Taiwan was separated from the motherland and occupied by Japan.
\nBut the Japanese occupation never broke the bonds that tied the island to the Chinese mainland.
\nThroughout those 50 years, Taiwan and mainland compatriots breathed as one, fought as one, and endured pain and suffering as one. Their intertwined struggles form an indivisible chapter of the Chinese nation's history, a chapter written not in ink, but in blood.
\nThe Chinese people's resistance against Japanese aggression was not abstract.
\nIt had names, faces and sacrifices that still command respect. One of the first to rise against Japan was Chiu Feng-chia, a native of Miaoli county, Taiwan — hailed in his youth as the "Talent of Taiwan" and later, at 26, a laureate of the imperial examination.
\nWhen news of Taiwan's colonization reached Chiu, he, full of grief and fury, pricked his finger to write a declaration of protest in his own blood, and led a desperate 20-day defense against the Japanese invasion.
\nOutnumbered and undersupplied, he was eventually forced to withdraw to the mainland, eventually settling down in Jiaoling county, Guangdong province.
\nThere he dedicated himself to education, awakening people's consciousness and keeping Taiwan alive in his heart — he named his son "Nian Tai" ("Remember Taiwan") and requested to be buried facing toward the island he loved.
\nToday, his name graces Feng Chia University in Taiwan, and his former residence in Jiaoling is a protected heritage site and patriotic education base on the mainland.
\nSome anti-Japan activists wielded the scalpel instead of firearms. Lin Szu-ping, a Taiwan physician, risked everything to leave Japanese-occupied Taiwan in 1943, crossing enemy lines to reach the mainland.
\nBy 1945, he was in the Jin-Cha-Ji border region, serving as a trauma surgeon at the Bethune International Peace Hospital.
\nDespite facing relentless gunfire, he saved countless lives, earning collective first-class honors for his surgical team and a personal second-class merit.
\nKnown as "China's Norman Bethune", Lin embodied the humanitarian spirit, providing medical services for people amid the destruction. Lin's scalpels are preserved in the Museum of the War of the Chinese People's Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.
\nThese stories carry a living message. Taiwan's return to the motherland in 1945 was not a gift from foreign powers; it was earned through the sacrifice of compatriots who refused to see the Strait as a dividing line.
\nThe poems, petitions, surgical instruments and other materials they left behind are more than historical curiosities; they are the receipts of a bond sealed in shared struggle.
\nAt a time when some are trying to distort history or sow divisions, such accounts both remind and warn that the unity which delivered us victory in 1945 was hard-won, and needs to be preserved.
\nTaiwan's return to the motherland was the result of collective national efforts, from battlefields to hospital wards, from blood-stained petitions to the quiet resilience of separated families.
\nThe lesson on this historic occasion is clear: our shared history is not an artifact to be locked away; it is a foundation to be built upon.
\nThe unity forged in the crucible of war remains the strongest argument for a shared future.
\nTo forget that would be to betray not only our past, but also our responsibility toward those who sacrificed their lives dreaming of a united and free China.
\nThe views don't necessarily represent those of China Daily.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-09-22/012/20250922_012_03_33084.png\")
Passengers wait in line to check in at the Brussels International Airport in Zaventem, Belgium, on Saturday, after a cyberattack crippled automated systems and caused widespread delays. Major European airports, including London's Heathrow, raced on Sunday to restore services as regulators launched an investigation into the source of the hack.
\n", @@ -11291,28 +11225,6 @@ "hash": "c9f2d66568152d89eab099e2f79cc2aa", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "012WORLD - Brewing up fizz", - "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-09-22/012/20250922_012_07_45084.png\")
Revelers raise their steins in celebration on the opening day of the 190th Oktoberfest, the world's largest beer festival, in Munich, Germany, on Saturday.
\n", - "content": "Revelers raise their steins in celebration on the opening day of the 190th Oktoberfest, the world's largest beer festival, in Munich, Germany, on Saturday.
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-09/22/content_012_68d06e72ed50ccabe1519eeb.htm#012WORLD", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Mon, 22 Sep 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "a6e5d6bdf657e1188c7872e894a65383", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "014BUSINESS - Intelligent manufacturing spurs better future in Anhui", "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-09-22/014/20250922_014_02_24660.png\")
A view of the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak, which is a landmark project located in Hefei, Anhui province, showcasing its strong scientific prowess.
\nMohamed Noureldin, an Egyptian national with a PhD, has a particular connection with Anhui province as he once spent three years there doing his master's program, four years doing his doctor's degree and another three years as a post-doctoral researcher at Hefei-based University of Science and Technology of China.
\n"Anhui province and its capital city Hefei have become well known internationally in the past decades," he said, noting that "from artificial intelligence to cloud computing, China is now a leader in innovation."
\nThe industrial world is now stepping into a period where the development of innovations and technologies is fundamentally changing the traditional way of doing businesses, and manufacturers need the right and up-to-date manufacturing technology, he said.
\nThe Economist identified Hefei in December 2012 as the world's No 1 fastest-growing metropolitan economy, and in 2023, it praised the "Hefei model", a unique approach to fostering new industries by effectively combining the roles of State-owned capital and private enterprises.
\nAccording to the Anhui Provincial Department of Economy and Information Technology, the province has set up a modern industrial system after years of development, covering 40 major sectors, among which manufacturing spans 31 major industries.
\nLiang Yanshun, Party secretary of Anhui, said the province must take industry as its foundation and expand new quality productive forces and enhance Anhui manufacturers' efforts to go global.
\nTo boost its manufacturing prowess, the 2025 World Manufacturing Convention opened on Saturday in Hefei to draw investors globally and showcase the world's latest manufacturing technologies.
\nThe four-day gala, co-sponsored by the Anhui provincial government, a group of central government agencies and a number of global industrial associations, is in its eighth edition and aims to promote the province's advanced manufacturing abilities to the outside world, while introducing similar capabilities from the outside to Anhui.
\nThe Government Work Report, delivered at the annual national legislative session in Beijing in March, has called for developing new quality productive forces and accelerating the development of a modernized industrial system, affirming that China will expand and strengthen advanced manufacturing.
\nLi Lecheng, minister of industry and information technology, said in Beijing that China's manufacturing added value accounts for nearly 30 percent of the world total, and its overall scale has remained the world's largest for 15 consecutive years.
\nCurrently, among the 504 major industrial products in the world, the output of most products in China ranks first in the world, he said, stressing that from 2020 to 2024, the added value of the country's manufacturing industry increased from 26.6 trillion yuan ($3.74 trillion) to 33.6 trillion yuan.
\nChang Yejun, deputy secretary-general of Anhui provincial government and director of the executive committee of WMC, said government officials, business representatives and business associations from over 40 countries and regions as well as heads of international organizations are attending the conference, with foreign guests accounting for over half of the total participants.
\nThe conference had preliminarily identified 932 signed projects with a total investment of 424.6 billion yuan.
\nThe WMC organizing committee said that during the past seven editions, the conference attracted over 40,000 guests from around the world, with a total of 4,326 projects signed, ushering in an investment of 1.2 trillion yuan, making positive contributions to helping build a strong manufacturing country and promoting global manufacturing exchanges and cooperation.
\nAnhui Governor Wang Qingxian stressed that in order to boost Anhui's industrial clusters, it is imperative to boost 10 new emerging industries.
\nhanjingyan@chinadaily.com.cn
\n", @@ -11335,28 +11247,6 @@ "hash": "3f184e985cc9f903352a86ea4f646cd0", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "016MOTORING - Short Torque", - "description": "Nation's vehicle charging infrastructure expands
\nChina's electric vehicle charging infrastructure has maintained rapid growth, with the total number of facilities reaching nearly 17.35 million units by the end of August, up 53.5 percent from a year earlier, official data showed on Thursday. Public charging facilities stood at about 4.32 million units, an increase of 37.8 percent year-on-year. Their combined capacity hit 196 million kilowatts, according to the National Energy Administration. Private charging facilities expanded at an even faster pace, jumping 59.6 percent year-on-year to 13.03 million units, the administration said. The robust growth in charging infrastructure is in line with the expansion of China's new energy vehicle market.
\nChery IPO set to raise billions in Hong Kong
\nChinese automaker Chery Automobile will aim to raise up to HK$9.15 billion ($1.2 billion) in a Hong Kong initial public offering, the largest deal of its kind for the city this year, according to its prospectus released last Wednesday. The company is selling 297.4 million shares in a price range of HK$27.75 to HK$30.75 each. Final pricing is due to be announced this Wednesday, with trading expected to begin on Thursday. Chery, best known for its Chery, Jetour and iCAR brands, is seeking to tap investor appetite as it expands in the competitive electric and smart vehicle market. The IPO will be the largest in Hong Kong this year, where capital market activity has been dominated by share sales from companies listed in the Chinese mainland.
\nUS trade tariffs deliver blow to Japan exports
\nJapan's exports to the United States plummeted 13.8 percent in August compared to a year ago, marking the fifth straight month of decline. It comes as auto exports were hit by President Donald Trump's tariffs. The finance ministry data released on Wednesday showed the rate of the drop in exports to the US compared to 2024 worsened from a 10.1 percent slip in July. US tariffs on Japanese automobiles and auto parts decreased from 27.5 percent, the amount Trump initially levied, to 15 percent last week, but that's still higher than the original 2.5 percent. Wednesday's data reflect the month of August, when the tariffs were higher. Japan's overall exports were little changed, slipping 0.1 percent, as exports grew to Europe and the Middle East.
\nAustrian factory begins building XPeng SUVs
\nXPeng has started production in Magna International's factory in Graz, Austria, home to the Mercedes-Benz G-Class 4x4, as the Chinese NEV carmaker accelerates its global expansion. The company said its first European production program started in the third quarter of 2025, with the Magna plant rolling out XPeng G6 and G9 sport-utility vehicles. Additional models are slated to follow as XPeng expands its European lineup. The move comes as XPeng's overseas momentum builds. Since entering Europe in 2021 through Norway, the Guangzhou, Guangdong province-based automaker has expanded to more than 46 markets worldwide. Overseas deliveries reached 18,701 units in the first seven months of 2025, up 217 percent from a year earlier.
\nDoor inquiry sparks Tesla design rethink
\nTesla is looking to combine electronic and manual door-release mechanisms, which are currently in separate locations, the company's longtime design chief, Franz von Holzhausen, said on Wednesday. Von Holzhausen said the decision is intended to make the handles more intuitive for occupants in "a panic situation". The US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration said on Tuesday it opened an investigation into about 174,000 Tesla Model Y cars from the 2021 model year over reports the electronic door handles can become inoperative. The NHTSA noted Tesla vehicles have manual door releases inside, but children may not be able to access or operate them even if the vehicle's driver is aware of them. Von Holzhausen said Tesla was studying reports of a top China regulator that is considering a ban on fully concealed door handles.
\n", - "content": "Nation's vehicle charging infrastructure expands
\nChina's electric vehicle charging infrastructure has maintained rapid growth, with the total number of facilities reaching nearly 17.35 million units by the end of August, up 53.5 percent from a year earlier, official data showed on Thursday. Public charging facilities stood at about 4.32 million units, an increase of 37.8 percent year-on-year. Their combined capacity hit 196 million kilowatts, according to the National Energy Administration. Private charging facilities expanded at an even faster pace, jumping 59.6 percent year-on-year to 13.03 million units, the administration said. The robust growth in charging infrastructure is in line with the expansion of China's new energy vehicle market.
\nChery IPO set to raise billions in Hong Kong
\nChinese automaker Chery Automobile will aim to raise up to HK$9.15 billion ($1.2 billion) in a Hong Kong initial public offering, the largest deal of its kind for the city this year, according to its prospectus released last Wednesday. The company is selling 297.4 million shares in a price range of HK$27.75 to HK$30.75 each. Final pricing is due to be announced this Wednesday, with trading expected to begin on Thursday. Chery, best known for its Chery, Jetour and iCAR brands, is seeking to tap investor appetite as it expands in the competitive electric and smart vehicle market. The IPO will be the largest in Hong Kong this year, where capital market activity has been dominated by share sales from companies listed in the Chinese mainland.
\nUS trade tariffs deliver blow to Japan exports
\nJapan's exports to the United States plummeted 13.8 percent in August compared to a year ago, marking the fifth straight month of decline. It comes as auto exports were hit by President Donald Trump's tariffs. The finance ministry data released on Wednesday showed the rate of the drop in exports to the US compared to 2024 worsened from a 10.1 percent slip in July. US tariffs on Japanese automobiles and auto parts decreased from 27.5 percent, the amount Trump initially levied, to 15 percent last week, but that's still higher than the original 2.5 percent. Wednesday's data reflect the month of August, when the tariffs were higher. Japan's overall exports were little changed, slipping 0.1 percent, as exports grew to Europe and the Middle East.
\nAustrian factory begins building XPeng SUVs
\nXPeng has started production in Magna International's factory in Graz, Austria, home to the Mercedes-Benz G-Class 4x4, as the Chinese NEV carmaker accelerates its global expansion. The company said its first European production program started in the third quarter of 2025, with the Magna plant rolling out XPeng G6 and G9 sport-utility vehicles. Additional models are slated to follow as XPeng expands its European lineup. The move comes as XPeng's overseas momentum builds. Since entering Europe in 2021 through Norway, the Guangzhou, Guangdong province-based automaker has expanded to more than 46 markets worldwide. Overseas deliveries reached 18,701 units in the first seven months of 2025, up 217 percent from a year earlier.
\nDoor inquiry sparks Tesla design rethink
\nTesla is looking to combine electronic and manual door-release mechanisms, which are currently in separate locations, the company's longtime design chief, Franz von Holzhausen, said on Wednesday. Von Holzhausen said the decision is intended to make the handles more intuitive for occupants in "a panic situation". The US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration said on Tuesday it opened an investigation into about 174,000 Tesla Model Y cars from the 2021 model year over reports the electronic door handles can become inoperative. The NHTSA noted Tesla vehicles have manual door releases inside, but children may not be able to access or operate them even if the vehicle's driver is aware of them. Von Holzhausen said Tesla was studying reports of a top China regulator that is considering a ban on fully concealed door handles.
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-09/22/content_016_68d06e9fed50ccabe1519ef5.htm#016MOTORING", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Mon, 22 Sep 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "56153d7214ebbfbfb989130308755ba2", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "018LIFE - Chinese-built library transforms learning at Tanzanian university", "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-09-22/018/20250922_018_02_61086.png\")
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-09-22/018/20250922_018_02_25086.png\")
A Chinese-built library has broadened access to knowledge for students and scholars at the University of Dar es Salaam in the capital of Tanzania.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-09-22/018/20250922_018_02_32086.png\")
A student reads a book at the library.
\nDAR ES SALAAM — At the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania's largest state university, a China-supported library is enhancing learning and research for thousands of students and scholars.
\nThe library, inaugurated on Nov 27, 2018, with support from the Chinese government, has grown into one of East Africa's largest and most advanced learning hubs. Today, it serves not only as a center of study but also as a driver of international collaboration.
\nWith a capacity of 2,500 users, the library is equipped with high-speed internet, digital access to global journals and a modern computer lab. For many students, it is not only a place to study but also a supportive environment for research and academic growth.
\nStanley Kulanga, a 32-year-old PhD candidate in climate change and sustainable development, says the library has been pivotal to his academic progress.
\n"Since the day I started my PhD, this has been the best place for me to concentrate and access the materials I need," Kulanga says. "I am usually the first one to enter and the last one to leave."
\nFor lecturers and researchers, the library has also proved invaluable.
\nSamwel Mchele Limbu, a senior lecturer in the Department of Aquaculture Technology at the School of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology, says its vast collection of print and electronic resources has been instrumental in advancing his work.
\n"In fact, I used the library to write manuscripts, which made me the best researcher of the year for two consecutive years," he says.
\nDescribing the facility as a testament to China-Tanzania cooperation, he says, "It fulfills the obligation of sharing knowledge across generations, in line with Tanzania's vision for inclusive, knowledge-driven development."
\nThe library's impact reaches far beyond Tanzania.
\nAccording to Kelefa Mwantimwa, director of the university's library services, students from China, Malawi, Mozambique and the Democratic Republic of the Congo often use the library, alongside visiting scholars from the United States, Germany and Britain.
\n"Previously, our library was overcrowded and limited in size," Mwantimwa says. "Now, we are proud to have a much larger and more advanced facility that supports teaching, learning, research and innovation."
\nTechnology has helped broaden access to knowledge. Books donated by the China Communications Construction Company can now be read in multiple languages using translation apps and software, while the library's computer lab ensures equitable access for students without personal devices.
\nBeyond academics, the facility has become a preferred venue for international conferences, seminars and workshops. Organizations such as the United Nations and its agencies regularly host events there, while Tanzanian ministries and regional institutions use the space for training and dialogue.
\nFor students like Kulanga, the library stands as a symbol of opportunity and of the growing ties between China and Tanzania.
\nThe library reflects a deepening partnership, and an increasing number of Tanzanians are pursuing higher education in China on government scholarships, Mwantimwa says.
\n", @@ -11379,28 +11269,6 @@ "hash": "14db8d05d6c12140f48f3ceb02ef2181", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "020SPORTS - PSG star Dembele tipped to beat Yamal to Ballon d'Or", - "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-09-22/020/20250922_020_02_42348.png\")
Ousmane Dembele
\nPARIS — Paris Saint-Germain star Ousmane Dembele is tipped to hold off Barcelona sensation Lamine Yamal to win the men's Ballon d'Or on Monday, while Aitana Bonmati's chances of claiming a third straight women's prize hang in the balance.
\nThe cream of world soccer will gather at the Theatre du Chatelet in central Paris to discover who will be the latest winner of an award dominated for so long by Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo.
\nBetween them, the pair won the Ballon d'Or 13 times from 2008 to 2023, with last year finally marking the end of an era when the award went to Manchester City midfielder Rodri after he captained Spain to Euro 2024 glory.
\nWith Rodri not a contender to retain his title after spending most of last season out with injury, Dembele has emerged as the favorite from a list of nominees dominated by PSG.
\nNine members of the PSG team that won the Champions League, demolishing Inter Milan 5-0 in the final, feature among the prestigious prize's 30 nominees.
\nThe other eight are Desire Doue, Achraf Hakimi, Khvicha Kvaratskhelia, Nuno Mendes, Joao Neves, Fabian Ruiz and Vitinha, as well as goalkeeper Gianluigi Donnarumma, now with Manchester City.
\nBut Dembele stands out after a magnificent season in which he filled the void left in Paris by the club's former captain Kylian Mbappe, scoring 35 goals.
\nThat contribution helped PSG to also complete a domestic clean sweep and reach the final of the Club World Cup.
\nIt was a spectacular campaign for the French club, and an even more extraordinary one for Dembele, the 28-year-old winger turned center-forward whose most prolific season prior to 2024-25 saw him score just 14 goals for Barcelona in 2018-19.
\n"It is nice after what was a wonderful season with PSG," Dembele told Le Monde when asked what it meant to be a leading contender for the prize.
\n"I think it's true that I am one of the favorites, but we will see what happens," he said of a gong he has described as "the individual Holy Grail".
\nYamal, still just 18, stands out among the other nominees, having emerged as a superstar on the wing at Barcelona, where he is seen as the successor to Messi.
\nHe won the Kopa Trophy for the best player aged under 21 at last year's Ballon d'Or gala, fresh from having helped Spain to European Championship glory.
\nHe scored 18 goals in 55 games in all competitions last season, as Barcelona won La Liga and the Spanish Copa del Rey, but it lost in the Champions League semifinals to Inter.
\n"I don't dream of winning one Ballon d'Or, I dream of winning lots," Yamal said in a recent interview with Spanish journalist Jose Ramon de la Morena.
\nThe Ballon d'Or is now voted for on the basis of achievements during last season, rather than over a calendar year, as it was in the past.
\nOther notable nominees include Viktor Gyokeres, Erling Haaland, Harry Kane, Cole Palmer, and the key duo from Liverpool's 2024-25 Premier League triumph, Mohamed Salah and Virgil van Dijk.
\nMbappe and Vinicius Junior are on the list too, a year after Real Madrid boycotted the ceremony, outraged that the latter had been overlooked for the prize.
\nIt is the top 50 for the women, in which the field appears wide open, as Barcelona and Spain star Bonmati goes for a treble.
\nBonmati, 27, is an exceptional talent and was named player of the tournament at the UEFA Women's Euro in July.
\nYet Spain lost the final of that tournament on penalties to England, and Bonmati's Barcelona also lost the Champions League final to Arsenal in May.
\nWhat may work either in her favor, or that of teammate and two-time former winner Alexia Putellas, is that there is no obvious standout from the England team that triumphed at the Euros.
\n", - "content": "Ousmane Dembele
\nPARIS — Paris Saint-Germain star Ousmane Dembele is tipped to hold off Barcelona sensation Lamine Yamal to win the men's Ballon d'Or on Monday, while Aitana Bonmati's chances of claiming a third straight women's prize hang in the balance.
\nThe cream of world soccer will gather at the Theatre du Chatelet in central Paris to discover who will be the latest winner of an award dominated for so long by Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo.
\nBetween them, the pair won the Ballon d'Or 13 times from 2008 to 2023, with last year finally marking the end of an era when the award went to Manchester City midfielder Rodri after he captained Spain to Euro 2024 glory.
\nWith Rodri not a contender to retain his title after spending most of last season out with injury, Dembele has emerged as the favorite from a list of nominees dominated by PSG.
\nNine members of the PSG team that won the Champions League, demolishing Inter Milan 5-0 in the final, feature among the prestigious prize's 30 nominees.
\nThe other eight are Desire Doue, Achraf Hakimi, Khvicha Kvaratskhelia, Nuno Mendes, Joao Neves, Fabian Ruiz and Vitinha, as well as goalkeeper Gianluigi Donnarumma, now with Manchester City.
\nBut Dembele stands out after a magnificent season in which he filled the void left in Paris by the club's former captain Kylian Mbappe, scoring 35 goals.
\nThat contribution helped PSG to also complete a domestic clean sweep and reach the final of the Club World Cup.
\nIt was a spectacular campaign for the French club, and an even more extraordinary one for Dembele, the 28-year-old winger turned center-forward whose most prolific season prior to 2024-25 saw him score just 14 goals for Barcelona in 2018-19.
\n"It is nice after what was a wonderful season with PSG," Dembele told Le Monde when asked what it meant to be a leading contender for the prize.
\n"I think it's true that I am one of the favorites, but we will see what happens," he said of a gong he has described as "the individual Holy Grail".
\nYamal, still just 18, stands out among the other nominees, having emerged as a superstar on the wing at Barcelona, where he is seen as the successor to Messi.
\nHe won the Kopa Trophy for the best player aged under 21 at last year's Ballon d'Or gala, fresh from having helped Spain to European Championship glory.
\nHe scored 18 goals in 55 games in all competitions last season, as Barcelona won La Liga and the Spanish Copa del Rey, but it lost in the Champions League semifinals to Inter.
\n"I don't dream of winning one Ballon d'Or, I dream of winning lots," Yamal said in a recent interview with Spanish journalist Jose Ramon de la Morena.
\nThe Ballon d'Or is now voted for on the basis of achievements during last season, rather than over a calendar year, as it was in the past.
\nOther notable nominees include Viktor Gyokeres, Erling Haaland, Harry Kane, Cole Palmer, and the key duo from Liverpool's 2024-25 Premier League triumph, Mohamed Salah and Virgil van Dijk.
\nMbappe and Vinicius Junior are on the list too, a year after Real Madrid boycotted the ceremony, outraged that the latter had been overlooked for the prize.
\nIt is the top 50 for the women, in which the field appears wide open, as Barcelona and Spain star Bonmati goes for a treble.
\nBonmati, 27, is an exceptional talent and was named player of the tournament at the UEFA Women's Euro in July.
\nYet Spain lost the final of that tournament on penalties to England, and Bonmati's Barcelona also lost the Champions League final to Arsenal in May.
\nWhat may work either in her favor, or that of teammate and two-time former winner Alexia Putellas, is that there is no obvious standout from the England team that triumphed at the Euros.
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-09/22/content_020_68d06ec3ed50ccabe1519efd.htm#020SPORTS", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Mon, 22 Sep 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "4a0a97116ed1e8df8c7c6d9e16bfd525", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "001FRONT - Display of J-20 fighter thrills spectators at air show", "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-09-20/001/20250920_001_03_48.png\")
The Hongying (Red Eagle) Aerobatic Team from the Aviation University of the Air Force performs at the 2025 aviation open-day activities of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force and Changchun Air Show, which kicked off on Friday in Changchun, Jilin province.
\nThe People's Liberation Army (PLA) Air Force has for the first time placed its J-20 stealth fighter jet on display at an ongoing open-house activity that opened on Friday in Changchun, capital of Jilin province.
\nA J-20 fifth-generation stealth fighter jet has been parked on site during the Air Force's 2025 Open-house Activity and the Changchun Air Show, only meters away from spectators.
\nThis is the first time that the Air Force has allowed members of the public to have a close look at the radar-evading fighter, which features world-class technology and capability.
\nIn addition to the ground display, the J-20 is also part of airborne performances at the event. It took part in a tactical maneuver flight show on Friday morning together with another three J-20s.
\nThey conducted a flyby in a diamond-shaped formation and presented dazzling maneuvers, igniting spectators' enthusiasm.
\nA large crowd of visitors clustered outside the cordon in front of the J-20's parking stand, waiting for its return. They burst into cheers and applause when the aircraft taxied back to the stand and the pilot waved to greet them.
\nDesigned by the Chengdu Aircraft Design and Research Institute, an Aviation Industry Corp of China subsidiary in Sichuan province, the J-20 is China's first stealth-class combat aircraft and so far the largest and heaviest fighter in service in the military. It sparked nationwide excitement on Jan 11, 2011, after its maiden flight, which happened that day at an AVIC airport in Sichuan.
\nCode-named Weilong, or Mighty Dragon, the J-20 made its public debut in November 2016 at the 11th China International Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition in Zhuhai, Guangdong province. It entered service with the Air Force later that year, becoming the world's third stealth fighter jet to enter service following the F-22 Raptor and F-35 Lightning II of the United States.
\nUntil now, there have been three models in the J-20 series — the baseline configuration, which is on display in Changchun; the J-20A, an upgraded single-seat variant that is equipped with new, more powerful domestically developed engines; and the J-20S, the world's first and only twin-seat stealth jet.
\nAll three types took part in flight performances during a grand parade earlier this month in Beijing.
\nWang Yanan, chief editor of Aerospace Knowledge magazine, said that the ground display of the J-20 represents an unprecedented level of transparency, openness and confidence of the Air Force.
\n"It is because the Air Force has deployed a large number of J-20s and that the Chinese aviation industry must have begun to develop next-generation combat planes. Enabling the public to have a close look at the J-20 will definitely increase their confidence in the Air Force's hardware and operational capability," Wang said.
\nIn addition to the J-20, the Air Force has also sent a number of advanced fighter jets, bombers, early-warning and control aircraft to the Air Force's activities, which drew an estimated 100,000 spectators on Friday, mostly weapons and aviation enthusiasts coming from across the nation.
\nContact the writers at zhaolei@chinadaily.com.cn
\n", @@ -11423,28 +11291,6 @@ "hash": "f5c6840b79b9b1a4881ec9f766a60e37", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "002CHINA - Nation sets up comprehensive green tracker", - "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-09-20/002/20250920_002_01_44.png\")
\nChina has established the world's largest ecological and environmental monitoring network supported by advanced technologies, and this will help strengthen the enforcement efficiency of environmental laws, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment said.
\nAt a news conference organized by the State Council Information Office on Friday, Minister of Ecology and Environment Huang Runqiu disclosed that the number of monitoring stations that the ministry directly oversees across the country stands at over 33,000.
\nThese facilities cover all prefecture-level cities and above, key river basins, and sea areas, monitoring a wide range of elements including water, air, soil, noise, oceans and ecosystems, he said.
\nThe minister also noted significant strides in making the monitoring network more digital and intelligent by integrating advanced technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and cloud computing.
\n"As China advances its pollution control efforts and the Beautiful China initiative, demand has grown for more accurate, comprehensive, and timely monitoring data," he stated.
\nAgainst this backdrop, he said the ministry must urgently transition its primary methods of sampling, analysis, operation, and maintenance in environmental monitoring from manual approaches to automated, digital, and intelligent ones.
\nThe country has managed to achieve full-process automation in environmental monitoring procedures such as sampling, sample delivery, and analytical testing, he said.
\nWhile monitoring surface water, for instance, the use of drones for automated sample collection reduces the time required by over 70 percent, he said, adding that such an application has unique advantages, particularly in remote areas.
\nIn the analytical testing phase, some laboratories can perform automated, continuous analysis and testing without human intervention even in complete darkness, increasing efficiency by more than eightfold compared to manual operations, he added.
\nThe country's air and water monitoring network is slated for a smart overhaul of its operational diagnostics and maintenance, Huang said.
\nAfter the upgrade, he said the maintenance frequency of such facilities will be reduced from once a week to once a month, cutting manual involvement by over 70 percent.
\nHe revealed that the intelligent transformation has been underway in 143 air automatic monitoring stations in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.
\nHuang also went on to highlight the rapidly accelerating use of AI in environmental monitoring.
\nThe ministry has established ecological environment spectrum databases and sound signature libraries in its efforts to leverage AI to accurately pinpoint the sources of environmental problems.
\nWith the help of sound recognition AI technology, for example, noise sources can be rapidly identified — whether they originate from construction, transportation, or social activities, he said.
\nThis enables more targeted and efficient supervision, allowing public noise pollution concerns to be addressed more effectively, he said.
\nYu Huiwen, vice-minister of ecology and environment, said intelligent environmental monitoring means as well as facilities, including satellite remote sensing, infrared imaging, drones, and unmanned ships, have significantly reduced the workload of environmental law enforcement officers.
\nIn the domain of air pollution control, for instance, the ministry has developed data models that can help identify 48 types of problems across seven major scenarios, including high-concentration pollutant zones and abnormal emissions from key sources, he said.
\nLeveraging leads provided by such technological means, Yu said the ministry has managed to unearth and promote the verification of 260,000 environmental violations regarding air pollution so far in the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-25) period.
\n"The accuracy rate of those identified clues has increased from 40 percent at the very beginning to over 85 percent now," he said.
\nhouliqiang@chinadaily.com.cn
\n", - "content": "\nChina has established the world's largest ecological and environmental monitoring network supported by advanced technologies, and this will help strengthen the enforcement efficiency of environmental laws, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment said.
\nAt a news conference organized by the State Council Information Office on Friday, Minister of Ecology and Environment Huang Runqiu disclosed that the number of monitoring stations that the ministry directly oversees across the country stands at over 33,000.
\nThese facilities cover all prefecture-level cities and above, key river basins, and sea areas, monitoring a wide range of elements including water, air, soil, noise, oceans and ecosystems, he said.
\nThe minister also noted significant strides in making the monitoring network more digital and intelligent by integrating advanced technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and cloud computing.
\n"As China advances its pollution control efforts and the Beautiful China initiative, demand has grown for more accurate, comprehensive, and timely monitoring data," he stated.
\nAgainst this backdrop, he said the ministry must urgently transition its primary methods of sampling, analysis, operation, and maintenance in environmental monitoring from manual approaches to automated, digital, and intelligent ones.
\nThe country has managed to achieve full-process automation in environmental monitoring procedures such as sampling, sample delivery, and analytical testing, he said.
\nWhile monitoring surface water, for instance, the use of drones for automated sample collection reduces the time required by over 70 percent, he said, adding that such an application has unique advantages, particularly in remote areas.
\nIn the analytical testing phase, some laboratories can perform automated, continuous analysis and testing without human intervention even in complete darkness, increasing efficiency by more than eightfold compared to manual operations, he added.
\nThe country's air and water monitoring network is slated for a smart overhaul of its operational diagnostics and maintenance, Huang said.
\nAfter the upgrade, he said the maintenance frequency of such facilities will be reduced from once a week to once a month, cutting manual involvement by over 70 percent.
\nHe revealed that the intelligent transformation has been underway in 143 air automatic monitoring stations in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.
\nHuang also went on to highlight the rapidly accelerating use of AI in environmental monitoring.
\nThe ministry has established ecological environment spectrum databases and sound signature libraries in its efforts to leverage AI to accurately pinpoint the sources of environmental problems.
\nWith the help of sound recognition AI technology, for example, noise sources can be rapidly identified — whether they originate from construction, transportation, or social activities, he said.
\nThis enables more targeted and efficient supervision, allowing public noise pollution concerns to be addressed more effectively, he said.
\nYu Huiwen, vice-minister of ecology and environment, said intelligent environmental monitoring means as well as facilities, including satellite remote sensing, infrared imaging, drones, and unmanned ships, have significantly reduced the workload of environmental law enforcement officers.
\nIn the domain of air pollution control, for instance, the ministry has developed data models that can help identify 48 types of problems across seven major scenarios, including high-concentration pollutant zones and abnormal emissions from key sources, he said.
\nLeveraging leads provided by such technological means, Yu said the ministry has managed to unearth and promote the verification of 260,000 environmental violations regarding air pollution so far in the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-25) period.
\n"The accuracy rate of those identified clues has increased from 40 percent at the very beginning to over 85 percent now," he said.
\nhouliqiang@chinadaily.com.cn
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-09/20/content_002_68cdd3b7ed50ccabe1519e3d.htm#002CHINA", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Sat, 20 Sep 2025 00:21:08 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "2f7158797d68b460530fe712cbde6237", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "002CHINA - Pivotal line", "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-09-20/002/20250920_002_05_31.png\")
A staff member of Yangyuan Railway Station in Zhangjiakou, Hebei province, checks rail equipment to ensure the smooth operation of trains. The station, which is on the Datong-Qinhuangdao railway line, had dispatched 152 coal trains, comprising 15,960 carriages carrying 1.2768 million metric tons of coal, by Sept 8 in the third quarter. This marks an annual jump of 198.04 percent, setting a fresh record for freight volume since the station's establishment.
\n", @@ -11467,28 +11313,6 @@ "hash": "f5022fe44ad3fe55aaa06828c2dcc2fd", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "005WORLD - French unions strike against austerity", - "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-09-20/005/20250920_005_02_33.png\")
Protesters demonstrate in Strasbourg, eastern France, on Thursday during a day of nationwide strikes and protests called by unions over France's national budget.
\nPARIS — Hundreds of thousands took part in anti-austerity protests across France on Thursday, urging President Emmanuel Macron and his new Prime Minister, Sebastien Lecornu, to acknowledge their anger and scrap looming budget cuts.
\nTeachers, train drivers, pharmacists and hospital staff members were among those who went on strike as part of the day of protests, while teenagers blocked dozens of high schools for hours. Protesters and unions called for the previous government's fiscal plans to be scrapped, for increased spending on public services, higher taxes on the wealthy and for the reversal of an unpopular change that requires people to work longer to receive a pension.
\n"The anger is immense, and so is the determination. My message to Mr Lecornu today is this: it's the streets that must decide the budget," said Sophie Binet, head of the CGT union.
\nThe CGT stated that 1 million people participated in the strikes and protests. Authorities estimated the number of protesters to be about half that number. There were some clashes on the margins of the rallies, but the level of violence was not as high as Interior Minister Bruno Retailleau had feared.
\nMacron's new prime minister is scrambling to put together a budget for next year, as well as a new government. In a post on X, he vowed to meet the unions again "in the coming days".
\nLecornu and Macron are under pressure on one side from protesters and left-wing parties opposed to budget cuts and, on the other, from investors concerned about the deficit in the eurozone's second-largest economy. Parliament is deeply divided and none of its three main groups has a majority.
\nPrimary school teachers were on strike on Thursday, and nearly half walked off the job in Paris, another union said.
\nRegional trains were heavily affected, while most of the country's high-speed TGV train lines worked, officials said. Protesters gathered to slow down traffic on a highway near the southeastern city of Toulon.
\nIn Paris, police on several occasions threw tear gas to disperse troublemakers dressed in black who hurled beer cans and stones at them. Police also intervened to prevent people from targeting banks.
\nThere were brief clashes on the margins of some of the other protests as well, including in Nantes and Lyon, where French media reported that three people were injured. More than 180 people have been arrested, the interior ministry said.
\nFrance's budget deficit last year was nearly double the EU's 3 percent ceiling, but as he wants to reduce that, Lecornu, reliant on other parties to push through legislation, will face a battle to gather parliamentary support for a budget for 2026.
\n", - "content": "Protesters demonstrate in Strasbourg, eastern France, on Thursday during a day of nationwide strikes and protests called by unions over France's national budget.
\nPARIS — Hundreds of thousands took part in anti-austerity protests across France on Thursday, urging President Emmanuel Macron and his new Prime Minister, Sebastien Lecornu, to acknowledge their anger and scrap looming budget cuts.
\nTeachers, train drivers, pharmacists and hospital staff members were among those who went on strike as part of the day of protests, while teenagers blocked dozens of high schools for hours. Protesters and unions called for the previous government's fiscal plans to be scrapped, for increased spending on public services, higher taxes on the wealthy and for the reversal of an unpopular change that requires people to work longer to receive a pension.
\n"The anger is immense, and so is the determination. My message to Mr Lecornu today is this: it's the streets that must decide the budget," said Sophie Binet, head of the CGT union.
\nThe CGT stated that 1 million people participated in the strikes and protests. Authorities estimated the number of protesters to be about half that number. There were some clashes on the margins of the rallies, but the level of violence was not as high as Interior Minister Bruno Retailleau had feared.
\nMacron's new prime minister is scrambling to put together a budget for next year, as well as a new government. In a post on X, he vowed to meet the unions again "in the coming days".
\nLecornu and Macron are under pressure on one side from protesters and left-wing parties opposed to budget cuts and, on the other, from investors concerned about the deficit in the eurozone's second-largest economy. Parliament is deeply divided and none of its three main groups has a majority.
\nPrimary school teachers were on strike on Thursday, and nearly half walked off the job in Paris, another union said.
\nRegional trains were heavily affected, while most of the country's high-speed TGV train lines worked, officials said. Protesters gathered to slow down traffic on a highway near the southeastern city of Toulon.
\nIn Paris, police on several occasions threw tear gas to disperse troublemakers dressed in black who hurled beer cans and stones at them. Police also intervened to prevent people from targeting banks.
\nThere were brief clashes on the margins of some of the other protests as well, including in Nantes and Lyon, where French media reported that three people were injured. More than 180 people have been arrested, the interior ministry said.
\nFrance's budget deficit last year was nearly double the EU's 3 percent ceiling, but as he wants to reduce that, Lecornu, reliant on other parties to push through legislation, will face a battle to gather parliamentary support for a budget for 2026.
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-09/20/content_005_68cdd3f1ed50ccabe1519e4c.htm#005WORLD", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Sat, 20 Sep 2025 00:21:07 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "b75f1984daecbc83c1a917ea9ab12254", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "006ADVERTORIAL - AVIATION PIONEER LIFTS LIAONING", "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-09-20/006/20250920_006_01_38.png\")
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-09-20/006/20250920_006_01_1.png\")
\nDuring the Liaoning Science and Technology Conference held in the provincial capital Shenyang in 2024, the aircraft general design expert Yang Fengtian was honored with the Liaoning top sci-tech award. Born in Yixian county in 1941, Yang has dedicated over 60 years to China's aviation sector and still works six hours every day to develop new energy aircraft and promote the general aviation industry.
\n"I am very willing to keep working as long as my health allows," he said.
\nIn the 1960s, Yang joined the AVIC Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute after graduating from college and worked on the design of Chinese fighter jet Shenyang J-8, which was granted the special prize of the State Scientific and Technological Progress Award.
\nYang once stated in an interview that the most memorable moment in his career was J-8's first successful flight on July 5, 1969. "That was the first time I saw an aircraft I had helped design take to the skies," he said.
\nIn the late 1980s, Yang was responsible for developing aerial refueling technology for the J-8II. Facing significant risks and challenges, Yang and his team demonstrated resolute determination and unyielding spirit, achieving success within two years. This breakthrough was of strategic significance for enhancing the operational capabilities of the country's air force and navy.
\nIn 2007, Yang was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, China's highest academic title in science and technology. Nevertheless, his commitment to the aviation industry continued. In 2010, he became the president of Shenyang Aerospace University. Under his leadership, the Liaoning General Aviation Academy was founded in 2021.
\nDespite his age, Yang worked with young researchers at the academy to achieve technological breakthroughs in new energy aircraft, advancing China's expertise in aviation lithium battery technology, electric propulsion systems, and composite material structural design.
\nIn September, China's first two-seat electric helicopter, the RX1H, made its maiden flight at the Shenyang Faku Caihu Airport. The helicopter research program, led by Yang's team at the LGAA, achieved advancements in over 10 technological areas, including high-energy-density battery integration, high-efficiency electric drive systems, and lightweight structural design.
\n"Working hours are the happiest time, and the laughter after solving problems is the most joyful sound for me," Yang said. "Watching our fighters take off and land brings me immense satisfaction. I truly cannot stay away from aircraft."
\nYang has spent most of his life in Liaoning, contributing to the province's aviation industry and sci-tech development. The region has, in turn, shaped his personality and bolstered his career, becoming an inseparable part of his legacy.
\nAlongside Yang, Liaoning is now home to 57 academicians of the CAE and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, including Guo Xu from Dalian University of Technology, Li Dianzhong from the Institute of Metal Research at CAS, Pan Yishan from Liaoning University, Yu Haibin from the Shenyang Institute of Automation at CAS, Zhu Jiaojun from the Institute of Applied Ecology at CAS and Liu Yongquan from the AECC Shenyang Engine Research Institute.
\nSolid foundation
\nAs one of China's major industrial bases, Liaoning has abundant scientific and educational resources and a solid innovation foundation, which injects momentum into its sustained growth.
\nThe province is leveraging sci-tech innovation as the main driver to cultivate new quality productive forces, and stepping up efforts to build a regional sci-tech innovation center with national influence to provide great support for its full revitalization, according to a senior official from the Liaoning Department of Science and Technology.
\nLiaoning has established an array of high-level sci-tech platforms including the "two cities and one park" — Shenyang Hunnan Sci-tech City, the Dalian Yinggeshi Scientific City and the Shenfu Scientific Innovation Park.
\nThe core startup area of Hunnan Sci-Tech City opened last year, attracting 50 sci-tech projects such as the Innovation Center for Special Metals and High-end Components Technology and the Liaoning Liaohe Laboratory.
\nLiaoning Liaohe Laboratory is one of four new provincial research institutes established in 2022, alongside the Liaoning Academy of Materials, Liaoning Binhai Laboratory, and Liaoning Huanghai Laboratory. These institutes focus on intelligent manufacturing, new materials, clean energy, and high-end equipment manufacturing, respectively, with the goal of enhancing Liaoning's sci-tech platforms through institutional innovation and breakthroughs in key technologies, said government officials.
\nIn the first quarter of 2025, the added value of industrial enterprises above a designated size in Liaoning rose by 3.6 percent year-on-year. Notably, the added value of high-tech manufacturing surged by 10.9 percent, marking the best performance in the past decade.
\nCities across the province have cultivated their advantageous industries, showcasing great vitality in the sci-tech sector. The coastal city of Dalian stands out as a regional leader in the marine economy, with traditional industries such as fisheries and sea transportation accelerating transition. Anshan, one of China's largest producers of magnesite raw materials, has proposed to build a world-class magnesite production base and aims to achieve an output value of 50 billion yuan ($7.03 billion) this year.
\nLiaoning is home to more than 40,000 sci-tech small and medium-sized businesses, as well as 14,000 national high-tech companies, and three unicorn enterprises — startups valued at over $1 billion.
\nFavorable environment
\nTo accelerate the transformation and utilization of research results, the province has established a working mechanism connecting research institutes and companies. A list of technological demands from tech companies is released regularly, enabling researchers to carry out more targeted research programs and address specific technology challenges.
\nMeanwhile, enterprises can stay informed about the latest technological advancements based on sci-tech achievement lists from research institutes and universities, offering tailored support such as capital and application scenarios.
\nFocusing on the innovation needs of companies, the "sci-tech commissioner" program was launched. In 2024, more than 1,000 people from universities, research institutes, enterprises, and public institutions were selected and dispatched to different companies across the province to assist with technology research, talent cultivation, finance, and research result transformation.
\nAmong them, Sun Xi, a teacher from Yingkou Institute of Technology, was assigned to Liaoning Rontec Advanced Material Technology to assist in aluminum foam production.
\n"We achieved breakthroughs in core technologies thanks to Sun's assistance. Our production capacity has tripled with new equipment," said Zhu Delin, general manager of the company.
\nSenior engineer Dai Fengyou from the patent center of DLUT helped Dalian Jingtuo Machinery Manufacturing use two intellectual property assets as collateral to secure a loan of 5 million yuan.
\nThese sci-tech commissioners serve as a bridge between companies, universities and research institutes, ensuring cooperation and fostering the deeper integration of sci-tech research and industrial innovation, according to officials from the department.
\nThis year, the first batch of 813 "sci-tech commissioners" was dispatched in February, with the total number expected to hit 3,000.
\nIn addition, the province has built an online comprehensive service platform to gather innovation resources, improve services, and advance the transformation of scientific research results.
\nThe platform, now in trial operation, integrates technological demands, research results, sci-tech talents, instrument sharing, startup incubation, and technology services.
\nAccording to the plan, it will further add and enhance services such as online demand-supply matching, virtual road shows, evaluation and technology transaction, while connecting with municipal platforms as well as key companies, universities, and research institutes to form a collaborative innovation system.
\nOfficial data showed that Liaoning's transaction value of technology contracts reached 154.08 billion yuan in 2024, marking a year-on-year increase of 17.8 percent — 6.6 percentage points higher than the national average.
\nKey projects
\nOver the past few years, Liaoning has made great strides in scientific and technological research, developing cutting-edge technologies and major equipment across sectors such as aviation, marine, rail transport and energy.
\n�6�1 Fendouzhe
\nThe Fendouzhe, or Striver in English, a deep-sea manned submersible developed by Chinese scientists, was launched in 2016.
\nZhao Yang from the Shenyang Institute of Automation at CAS served as its deputy chief designer.
\nIn November 2020, the submersible, crewed by Zhao and two other researchers, completed its diving mission in the Mariana Trench, setting a new national depth record of 10,909 meters. This marked a milestone in China's deep-sea exploration, demonstrating its comprehensive strength in marine high technology.
\n�6�1 ±1,100-kilovolt direct current converter transformer
\nThe ±1,100 kV direct current converter transformer, developed by TBEA Shenyang Transformer Group, is a key component of the Changji converter station in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, which is also the starting point of the Changji-Guquan ±1,100 kV UHV direct current transmission project.
\nStretching approximately 3,293 kilometers, the project holds the world record for the longest transmission distance, highest voltage level, and largest transmission capacity.
\nBy the end of 2024, the transmission line had delivered about 312.09 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity to Guquan township in East China's Anhui province, since it began operations in September 2019.
\n�6�1 Photon-counting CT
\nShenyang-based company Neusoft Medical Systems received market approval in August for its NeuViz P10 photon-counting CT scanner. This marks the first photon-counting CT approved in China, and the world's first wide-body system equipped with an 8-centimeter detector. The photon-counting CT is considered a breakthrough in the next-generation imaging sector. Unlike conventional CT scanners, which first convert X-rays into light before generating digital images, the NeuViz P10 utilizes a cadmium zinc telluride detector to capture and convert X-ray photons directly into a digital signal.
\nzhanglinwan@chinadaily.com.cn
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\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-09-20/010/20250920_010_01_41.png\")
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-09-20/010/20250920_010_01_42.png\")
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\nContents
\nPreface
\nI. Development of China's Endeavors Concerning Women
\nII. Boosting the Well-Rounded Development of Women as a National Campaign
\nIII. Sharing in the Fruits of Modernization
\nIV. Advancing Women's Development to the Forefront of the Times
\nV. Contributing to the Global Advancement of Women
\nConclusion
\nPreface
\nThroughout history, women have played an essential role in shaping human civilization and have made immense contributions to social progress. But the paths towards gender equality and women's well-rounded development across the world have been long and arduous.
\nSince its founding in 1921, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has remained committed to women's liberation and development and gender equality. The CPC regards women as a major force for advancing all endeavors of the Party and the nation, always places the work concerning women high on its agenda, and leads women in their pursuit of liberation, progress and development. In doing so, the Party has opened a socialist path for women's development with Chinese characteristics.
\nThe 18th CPC National Congress in 2012 marked the beginning of a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics. In this new era, the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core has emphasized safeguarding women's lawful rights and interests and promoting gender equality and women's well-rounded development as integral components of Chinese modernization. Accordingly, it has made a series of major decisions and plans that are pioneering in vision, overarching in scope, and enduring in significance. Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, initiated, planned for, supported and chaired the Party's first ever Central Conference on the Party's Work with People's Organizations in 2015, attended the 11th, 12th and 13th national women's congresses in 2013, 2018 and 2023 respectively, and held talks with each newly elected leadership team of the All-China Women's Federation. He has also delivered important speeches on work related to women and children, the role of women's federations, and the significance of family ties, values and traditions, thereby identifying the direction, objectives and guidelines of China's endeavors for women in the new era.
\nUpholding gender equality, among other basic national policies, has been incorporated into the CPC's political program, and promoting women's well-rounded development has been included in the national development plan. The legal system for safeguarding women's rights and interests also continues to improve. China has developed a sound approach to its endeavors concerning women. Chinese women actively participate in government initiatives, serve as advocates of civic virtues, fight for their dreams, and excel across all professions. In the new era, China has delivered numerous historic achievements in its endeavors concerning women. The Chinese socialist path for women's development continues to expand, opening ever-broader opportunities for advancement.
\nWomen around the world have a shared future. China's endeavors concerning women are an integral part of the global cause. In 1995, China hosted the Fourth World Conference on Women, organized by the United Nations. The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action adopted at the conference has since become a milestone for global gender equality. At important occasions such as the 2015 Global Leaders' Meeting on Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment and the 2020 high-level meeting on the 25th anniversary of the Fourth World Conference on Women at the 75th session of the UN General Assembly, Xi Jinping, in his role as president of China, elaborated on China's propositions on gender equality and women's well-rounded development, and proposed holding another global leaders' meeting on women in 2025.
\nOn the occasion of the 2025 Global Leaders' Meeting on Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment, the Chinese government is publishing this white paper to present China's philosophy, principles, and innovative practices in promoting gender equality and women's well-rounded development in the new era, highlight Chinese women's outstanding achievements and contribution, and affirm China's commitment to join global endeavors for women's advancement.
\nI. Development of China's Endeavors Concerning Women
\nIn the process of Chinese modernization, based on China's realities and the trend of the times, the CPC leads Chinese women in exercising their lawful democratic rights, participating in social and economic development, and sharing the fruits of reform and development, all on the foundation of gender equality.
\n1. Upholding the CPC's Overall Leadership
\nThe CPC's leadership is the fundamental guarantee of China's work related to women. Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core has approached this work as an integral part of its broader strategic goal of achieving national rejuvenation, incorporating gender equality and women's well-rounded development into the overall architecture of Chinese socialism.
\nUpholding the fundamental national policy of gender equality and protecting the lawful rights and interests of women and children have been included into the reports to the 18th, 19th and 20th CPC national congresses, held in 2012, 2017 and 2022 respectively.
\nAt the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee in 2019, the Party called for upholding and improving the systems and mechanisms for promoting gender equality and women's well-rounded development and proposed leveraging the important role of family ties, values and traditions in community-level social governance.
\nAt the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee in 2020, upholding the national policy of gender equality and protecting the lawful rights and interests of women and children were written into the Recommendations of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for Formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035, along with the promotion of family ties, values and traditions.
\nAt the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee in 2021, the promotion of family ties, values and traditions and the protection of the rights and interests of women and children were incorporated into the Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century.
\nAt the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee in 2024, the Party incorporated improving the system for protecting the lawful rights and interests of women and children and refining the mechanisms for leveraging the role of family ties, values and traditions in community-level social governance into the overall plan for deeper comprehensive reform.
\nThis evolution in policy-making has ensured that China's endeavors concerning women have progressed smoothly under the CPC's overall leadership.
\n2. Implementing the Fundamental National Policy of Gender Equality
\nHighlighting gender equality as a basic national policy is an innovative practice of the Chinese socialist system and a momentous decision for advancing this cause and women's well-rounded development.
\nChina has improved top-level design and systematic planning accordingly. In formulating laws and policies and making plans and arrangements, the country has taken into full consideration the differences between women and men and the distinctive interests of women. It has promoted gender equality in rights, opportunities and outcomes, safeguarding women's rights and interests in accordance with the law.
\nChina is committed to cultivating a social ethos of respect and care for women, eliminating all forms of discrimination against them, and discarding obsolete ideas and practices that hinder their development. This more inclusive and dynamic social environment has allowed gender equality to truly become a shared social norm and part of the value system.
\n3. Synergizing Women's Development with Social and Economic Progress
\nDevelopment cannot be achieved without women, and its fruits should be shared by all. In this spirit, China has integrated the advancement of gender equality into its broader development process.
\nWomen's development has been incorporated into the Five-sphere Integrated Plan, which promotes coordinated progress in the economic, political, cultural, social and eco-environmental fields. Goals and tasks for women's development have also been embedded in the five-year plans for national economic and social development. The level of women's development is regarded as an essential measurement for social and economic development. With these efforts, China has synergized its endeavors for women with its social and economic progress in terms of planning and implementation, ensuring that modernization brings greater benefits to women in a fairer way, enabling them to enjoy a growing, guaranteed and sustained sense of gain, fulfillment and security.
\n4. Fully Leveraging Women's Proactive Role in National Development
\nWomen constitute a powerful force driving human progress, while at the same time shaping and determining their own futures. Upholding a people-centered philosophy of development, China respects the agency of women and has strengthened relevant institutional safeguards, policy support, and public service supply for their development.
\nChina has carried out programs encouraging women to strive for achievements, which seek to enhance women's overall capabilities, broaden channels for their participation in national development, and fully stimulate their enthusiasm, initiative and creativity, with an ultimate goal of realizing, safeguarding and improving women's vital and immediate interests to the maximum extent.
\nThe country encourages women to integrate their personal aspirations with the undertakings of the Party and the country, and to leverage their individual strengths in implementing the new development philosophy, fostering a new development dynamic, promoting high-quality development, achieving greater strength and self-reliance in science and technology, and advancing rural revitalization across the board. Utilizing their distinctive role in society and family, women are called upon to contribute considerably to the building of China into a great country and the realization of national rejuvenation.
\n5. Joining Global Women in Building a Bright Shared Future
\nHumanity lives in one homeland, and women around the world have a shared future. China upholds the concept of a community with a shared future for humanity, and facilitates the implementation of the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, and the Global Governance Initiative. It advocates putting the people first, stays committed to results-oriented actions, and contributes Chinese initiatives, solutions and actions to global endeavors for women.
\nChina supports the United Nations in prioritizing women's development, promotes cooperation with the rest of the world in relevant fields, and builds international consensus on gender equality through extensive exchanges and mutual learning. Together with all other countries, China works to shape a global environment conducive to women's development, to safeguard international fairness and justice, and to make its due contribution to moving the world to a bright future of peace, security, prosperity and progress.
\nII. Boosting the Well-Rounded Development of Women as a National Campaign
\nWomen's cause is an integral part of state governance. To advance this cause, China has continued to strengthen institutional support and safeguards, fostering the necessary conditions and environment for the comprehensive development of women.
\n1. Improving the Framework for Advancing Women's Cause
\nChina has established a mechanism for the work related to women, under which Party committees exercise leadership, governments assume primary responsibility, working committees on children and women play a coordinating role, women's federations work in collaboration, relevant departments provide support, and the whole of society participates. These concerted efforts have ensured that gender equality is upheld in all areas of economic and social development and all aspects of social life.
\nThe people's congresses have strengthened legislation and supervision. The National People's Congress (NPC) has established the Social Development Affairs Committee to undertake legislation, conduct supervision, and handle proposals and suggestions from NPC deputies concerning the protection of women's rights and interests. It attaches importance to incorporating legal initiatives for promoting women's development and safeguarding women's rights and interests into the legislative plans of its Standing Committee, and to soliciting opinions and accepting feasible proposals from women's federations and women themselves during legislative review and legal supervision.
\nAdditionally, the NPC hears and reviews the State Council's report on combating domestic violence, identifies the protection of female employees' lawful and special rights and interests as an important component of enforcement inspections of the Trade Union Law, and urges relevant departments to perform their statutory duties in protecting women's rights and interests. The people's congresses of 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government have also set up social development affairs committees to formulate local regulations to supplement national laws, thereby strengthening legal safeguards for women's rights and interests.
\nThe Chinese People's Government has effectively fulfilled its primary responsibility. The government has formulated and organized the implementation of outlines for women's development, and convened meetings on work related to children and women. The working committees on children and women have played their role as deliberative and coordinating bodies, and Party institutions, government departments, judicial authorities, and people's organizations have fulfilled their responsibilities in work related to women. The government has strengthened the statistics monitoring mechanism for the outlines for the development of women in China and established a gender statistics monitoring system covering over 2,400 indicators. Furthermore, gender has been incorporated as a key metric into national censuses and time-use surveys, and the fourth Survey on Social Status of Women in China has been conducted to assess women's development across multiple dimensions.
\nThe Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) has strengthened its role in conducting consultations and offering suggestions. CPPCC committees at all levels perform their duties in political consultation, democratic supervision, and participation in the deliberation and administration of state affairs. They conduct consultations on women's issues through a variety of channels and platforms, including subject-specific, sector-specific and proposal handling consultations, as well as consultative meetings with relevant departments. As one of the 34 sectors defined by the CPPCC, women's federations conduct research and consultations on key issues and major challenges in women's development, such as the protection of women's reproductive and health rights and interests. The National Committee of the CPPCC has conducted consultations and made suggestions to support women's development, addressing issues including fair employment and career development, the strengthening of family ties, values, and traditions, and universal access to childcare services.
\nWomen's federations have served as bridges for connection and communication. The All-China Women's Federation (ACWF) is a people's organization of women of all ethnic groups and from all sectors of society in China. It unites women for further emancipation and development under the leadership of the CPC. The ACWF has established an organizational system of women's federations at the national, provincial, prefectural, county, township and village levels, covering government departments, public institutions, new types of economic entities and social organizations, and groups in new forms of employment.
\nWomen's federations at all levels have served as bridges linking the Party and the government with women, and as assistants to the Party. While supporting major national development strategies, they have performed their functions of guiding, serving, and engaging with women, and launched five key initiatives: providing women with political guidance; encouraging them to excel in the workplace; providing guidance and support in family education, family services, and the cultivation of family virtues; offering support for women's rights protection; and improving the problem-solving capability of women's federations and their staff's professional competence.
\nIn addition, women's federations have mobilized resources to support women's development through six practical measures: supporting female volunteers who provide care for children in need; growing the scale and quality of female-dominated family services; improving vocational training for women; developing a system of childcare services that is accessible to all; advancing the Dream of the Future action of the Spring Bud Project to help underprivileged schoolgirls; and telling engaging stories about the development of Chinese women. Through these initiatives, they have delivered accessible services and tangible benefits to women, children and families.
\n2. Setting Objectives and Tasks for Women's Development with Overall Planning
\nChina's national development plans have clarified the strategic tasks for women's development. Five-year plans are blueprints and guides of action for China's economic and social development during their designated time frames. The government has incorporated objectives for women's development into these plans for meeting its strategic goal of modernization.
\nThe 12th Five-year Plan (2011-2015) for the first time included a section dedicated specifically to advancing women's all-round development. It also set requirements for developing human resources with a focus on women, strengthening labor protection for women, and resolutely combating violence and crimes against women. The 13th Five-year Plan (2016-2020) further strengthened the protection of women's rights and interests and for the first time devoted a separate chapter to ensuring women's rights and equal access to education, employment, and participation in social affairs, and eliminating discrimination and prejudice against women. It also set the targets for poverty alleviation and reduction among women. The 14th Five-year Plan (2021-2025) outlines further measures to safeguard women's rights and interests in areas including health, education, employment, participation in state governance, and social security. For the first time, it contains a section specifically dedicated to the strengthening of family development which focuses on improving the supporting policies and services for this goal.
\nSpecial plans in related fields have been made to address women's practical development needs. Plans for improving people's wellbeing — including the Outline of Healthy China 2030, the Outline of the Development Plan for Education (2024-2035), and the special plans for boosting employment and the development of civil affairs undertakings during the 14th Five-year Plan period — have put forward policies and measures to improve the health of women and children, safeguard women's equal rights to education, support women's employment, entrepreneurship, and career development, and improve care and services for rural women who stay behind to care for families while their husbands work in cities.
\nThe National Medium — and Long-term Talent Development Plan (2010-2020) has outlined arrangements to promote gender balance in the talent pool and strengthen the training and selection of female talent. The National Action Plan for Scientific Literacy (2021-2035) has made specific arrangements to improve the scientific literacy of rural women. The National Human Rights Action Plan, in all four phases, includes a section on the measures for safeguarding women's rights and interests, covering personal, property, education, employment and health rights.
\nOutlines for women's development have laid out phased targets. Since 1995, China has formulated and implemented four outlines for women's development, each outlining the primary objectives, strategies, and measures for women's development in its corresponding phase.
\nThe Outline of Women's Development in China (2021-2030) contains 75 primary objectives and 93 strategic measures across eight fields: health, education, economy, participation in decision-making and administration, social security, family development, environment, and the legal sector. The document also outlines the 41 Party and government departments and institutions responsible for implementing these strategic measures.
\nNationwide, 31 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government, and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, along with over 300 prefectures and cities and more than 2,000 counties and districts, have formulated plans for local women's development based on their actual conditions. The objectives and tasks set in the Outline dovetail with national development plans, align with sector-specific plans, and are integrated across the national, provincial, city and county levels. A comprehensive planning system for advancing women's development is now firmly in place.
\n3. Strengthening Legal Guarantee for Women's Rights and Interests
\nContinuing to improve the legal system. Legal protection of women's rights and interests is an integral part of advancing law-based governance. China has established a legal system anchored in the Constitution and centered on the Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests, covering over 100 laws and regulations.
\nThe Civil Code was compiled, which includes a Personality Rights section that clarifies the definition of sexual harassment and the responsibilities of employers. Its Marriage and Family section improves mechanisms for the identification and settlement of marital debts, and economic compensation for unpaid domestic work in divorce proceedings.
\nThe Criminal Law has been revised to abolish the crime of "prostitution involving underage girls" and punish such acts as rape, raise the statutory minimum penalty for the crime of child molestation, and introduce harsher punishments for the crime of purchasing abducted and trafficked women. Additionally, the crime of sexual assault by a person with a duty of care has been added to the Criminal Law.
\nThe amended Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests has made more comprehensive and systematic provisions on the system and mechanism for protecting women's rights and interests. China has also formulated the Anti-Domestic Violence Law and created systems of compulsory reporting, admonition, personal safety protection order, and emergent protection.
\nThe revised Law on Land Contract in Rural Areas has improved the legal guarantees for rural women's land rights and interests, ensuring their rightful entitlement to land and corresponding rights. The Law on Rural Collective Economic Organizations has been formulated to provide institutional safeguards ensuring that women do not lose their membership, rights and interests in such organizations due to changes in marital status.
\nIn addition, the Legal Aid Law, the Law on Basic Medical and Health Care and the Promotion of Health, and the Population and Family Planning Law all have provisions for safeguarding women's rights and interests.
\nA gender equality review mechanism has been established at the national level and across all 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government. This mechanism conducts assessments of laws and regulations related to women's rights and interests, ensuring that the fundamental national policy of gender equality is implemented in laws and regulations at the source.
\nPanel 1 Revisions to the Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests
\nThe Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests was promulgated in 1992, amended in 2005 and 2018, and thoroughly revised in 2022, expanding from 61 articles in nine chapters to 86 articles in ten chapters with the revision.
\nThe Law fully embodies the fundamental national policy of gender equality and has strengthened the comprehensive protection of women's political rights, personal and personality rights and interests, and their rights and interests in culture, education, employment, social security, property, marriage, and family. It has added new provisions on the mechanism for safeguarding women's rights and interests, the mechanism for gender equality assessment of laws and regulations, the system for collecting and publishing gender statistics, and education on gender equality as a basic national policy. It has established legal aid channels, including a public-interest litigation system for safeguarding women's rights and interests, a mechanism for admonishing violators of women's rights and interests in employment and social security, and a nationwide service hotline for protecting women's rights.
\nOverall, the Law has strengthened legal liabilities and reinforced its rigidity.
\nStrengthening law enforcement and judicial protection. China has taken resolute actions to combat criminal and illegal acts that infringe upon women's and girls' personal rights. Since 2013, public security agencies have continued to carry out special operations targeting the abduction and trafficking of women and children. By 2024, the number of such cases had decreased by 95 percent compared with 2013.
\nChina has established an inter-departmental cooperation and consultation mechanism against domestic violence, issued guidelines on the implementation of admonitions against domestic violence and personal protection orders, and promulgated judicial interpretations clarifying specific interventions and prevention measures, and forms of evidence for identifying domestic violence.
\nThe systems and measures for preventing and addressing workplace sexual harassment have been improved, with the addition of "dispute over liability for damages caused by sexual harassment" as an independent cause of action. To strengthen the protection of the personal rights and interests of girls, China has established a compulsory reporting system for cases of offenses against minors, as well as mechanisms for urging parental care and supervision over minors, for preventing violators from engaging in certain occupations, and for providing one-stop judicial support.
\nProcuratorates at all levels have registered and handled 3,810 public-interest cases concerning women's rights and interests. Since 2012, legal aid institutions across China have provided legal assistance for women involved in over 4.2 million cases, and free legal consultations for over 20 million women.
\nRaising public awareness of the rule of law. China continued to formulate and implement the seventh and eighth five-year plans for popularizing legal knowledge, both of which include laws and regulations on protecting women's lawful rights and interests. The country has strengthened law promotion and interpretation efforts, and the NPC Standing Committee has organized press conferences to expound on the principles in formulating and revising the Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests and the Anti-Domestic Violence Law, and share their highlights.
\nEfforts have been made to raise public legal awareness through multiple channels and approaches. Since 2012, articles on protecting women's rights and interests published through the official WeChat account for law popularization have been viewed 91.36 million times, and the annual legal knowledge competition has attracted tens of millions of participants. The All-China Federation of Trade Unions has organized legal awareness activities for female employees for 11 consecutive years, and women's federations at all levels across China have held more than 3.76 million events to raise legal awareness and provide legal services since 2016, with the participation of over 400 million women.
\nIn 2024, courts and procuratorates across the country, in conjunction with women's federations, organized more than 4,200 open day events on safeguarding the rights and interests of women and children and released over 3,800 typical cases. A legal education program for rural women reached more than 86 percent of China's rural areas.
\n4. Creating an Equal and Harmonious Social Environment
\nVigorously promoting the fundamental national policy of gender equality. China has carried out targeted public education on gender equality across multiple dimensions and through multiple channels, promoting this basic national policy in government departments, schools, enterprises, urban and rural communities, and families.
\nFor Party and government leaders, the Implementation of Gender Equality as a Basic National Policy has been compiled as a coursebook and incorporated into the curriculum and teaching plans of Party schools. For students, education on gender equality has been promoted in elementary and high schools, as well as in universities, and integrated into textbook planning and regulatory standards, and guides for related courses. Gender balance is emphasized in textbook illustrations, and excellent female writers have seen greater representation in textbooks, to eliminate gender stereotypes in teaching materials.
\nFor the general public, gender equality has been incorporated into cultural and ethical development in both urban and rural communities, into self-regulations and rules for their residents, and into efforts to cultivate good family ties, values, and traditions. Party members and officials, experts, scholars, and those who work in women's affairs have given talks and lectures, and engaged in public communication on gender equality in approachable and popular forms, enabling the public to understand this basic national policy and apply it in their daily lives.
\nPanel 2 Guangdong Promoting Gender Equality Education in Elementary and High Schools
\nSince 2012, Guangdong Province has promoted gender equality education in schools. Targeting students in urban elementary and high schools, three types of courses have been developed, with a focus on cognitive understanding, behavioral norms and attitudinal guidance. These are themed courses on gender equality, integrated courses that incorporate ideas of gender equality into related subjects, and practical courses that engage students in all types of activities. Targeting students in rural elementary and high schools, courses have been developed for students in different grades with a focus on care for left-behind children, physical development during puberty, and prevention of sexual assault among adolescents.
\nBy the first half of 2025, Guangdong had established 661 demonstration elementary and high schools for gender equality education, with a professional teaching staff of over 1,500 members. Assessment results indicate that education on gender equality has generated a positive effect on both male and female students, raising their gender equality awareness, promoting physical and mental health, improving academic performance, and reducing bullying and disciplinary violations.
\nStrengthening the awareness of gender equality in the media. The Advertising Law and other relevant laws, as well as the Outline of Women's Development in China, all stipulate regulations regarding gender equality assessment and supervision in the media, prohibiting reports or advertisements with contents that disparage, undermine, or infringe upon women's dignity.
\nGender equality reviews have been conducted throughout the script development, production, screening, and distribution of films and TV programs. News outlets have issued lists of prohibited and offensive terms to eliminate discriminatory expressions in news reports. Media organizations have implemented a social responsibility reporting system and upheld the professional ethic of safeguarding the lawful rights and interests of women, children, the elderly, and the disabled and protecting their physical and mental health.
\nThe stories of women role models have been told through media coverage, special releases and events in recognition of their contribution, showcasing patriotism, devotion to the people, perseverance and progress in the face of challenges, and commitment to virtue and good deeds. Gender equality has now become a widely accepted social norm.
\nCreating a clean cyberspace. China has issued judicial interpretations, released exemplary cases, and carried out special operations to combat fraud, abduction, trafficking, rape, and other crimes against women and children committed or facilitated through online channels. Offenses that infringe upon women's personality rights, such as the illegal disclosure of personal information, defamation, and malicious online abuse, are strictly punished. Online platforms have taken on greater responsibility by addressing illegal and inappropriate content, including removing articles and short videos that advocate a preference for sons over daughters or exaggerate family disputes.
\nChina has increased the supply of high-quality online content. Special campaigns have been launched to introduce new media products showcasing women in the new era and their commitment to the country, such as the theme song Blooms of China, the women's federation promotional video Together, and the family values promotional video I Love My Family. These products have reached hundreds of millions of women and families, and facilitated new progress in providing theoretical and political guidance to women.
\nEfforts have also been made to improve the digital literacy of the general public, foster responsible internet usage among women, tell engaging stories of China and Chinese women, spread mainstream values, and promote positive energy online.
\nIII. Sharing in the Fruits of Modernization
\nEradicating poverty, improving living standards, and achieving common prosperity are essential tasks of socialism. China has made continuous efforts to ensure people's access to childcare, education, employment, medical services, eldercare, housing, and social assistance, meeting women's expectation for a better life.
\n1. Elimination of Absolute Poverty
\nChina has organized the largest and most intensive poverty alleviation campaign in human history, benefiting the greatest number of people. By the end of 2020, it had successfully eliminated absolute poverty throughout the country, meeting the poverty reduction target of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 10 years ahead of schedule. On this epic journey of poverty reduction, China has honored its solemn commitment that no one should be left behind, specifically targeting women as a key group to widen their path towards prosperity.
\nTaking targeted measures to guarantee basic living needs. China has adopted a targeted strategy in poverty alleviation. Under this framework, it maintains detailed records on the distribution of impoverished populations, the underlying causes of poverty, the specific categories of poverty, and the expectations of the poor. This approach guarantees the implementation of targeted efforts in six areas: identification of those in need, project arrangement, capital utilization, the introduction of household-specific measures, the dispatch of officials to villages based on local conditions, and the achievement of set goals. As a result, women, who comprise approximately half of the impoverished population, have benefited from targeted resource allocation.
\nThe Health Program for Poverty Alleviation and its health promotion campaigns have guaranteed access to basic medical and health services for impoverished rural women.
\nThrough education initiatives for poverty alleviation, compulsory education in impoverished areas has been steadily improved, ensuring that no school-age girls from poor families drop out of school due to poverty.
\nSocial security systems have been strengthened to ensure eligible women on the list of the registered poor receive subsistence allowances or assistance and support for the extremely poor.
\nRenovation of dilapidated houses in rural areas, particularly in severely impoverished areas, has been subsidized by the government. Relocation projects have helped over 9.6 million people, who originally lived in inhospitable areas, to emerge from poverty and seek development.
\nThe basic food and clothing needs of impoverished women have been guaranteed, and their access to compulsory education, basic medical services, and safe housing has been ensured.
\nAfter winning the battle against absolute poverty, the country initiated a five-year transition period during which poverty alleviation support policies remained in effect to buttress areas and populations that had recently emerged from poverty. Based on the stable operation of such policies, a robust dynamic monitoring and assistance mechanism has been established to prevent any relapse into or occurrence of poverty, and support remains in place for women lifted out of poverty and those in low-income areas to participate in the local economy, seek more employment opportunities, and increase incomes.
\nBoosting the economy to create job opportunities for women and raise their income. China is committed to the policy of development-driven poverty alleviation to empower impoverished women.
\nIt has strengthened industrial support by facilitating the gradient transfer of labor-intensive industries such as food processing and clothing manufacturing, benefitting 98.9 percent of poor households. By advancing east-west cooperation in labor services, setting up poverty alleviation workshops, and creating public-interest rural jobs, the country has provided job opportunities for poor women with the will and ability to work. In its efforts to alleviate poverty, China has leveraged new forms of business and industries such as e-commerce programs, photovoltaic technology, and tourism to help impoverished women find good jobs within their local communities. In ethnic minority areas, the transition of the hand-knitting business from a purely traditional craft to a driver of the local economy has transformed the lives of the women embroidery artisans in the Miao and Yi communities.
\nChina has increased fiscal and financial support. In the critical battle against poverty, special supportive polices such as offering subsidized loans requiring no collateral or guarantee and tax reductions or exemptions were introduced. Cumulatively, over RMB450 billion in guaranteed microloans and poverty alleviation microcredit were disbursed to women in need, and 8.7 million impoverished women saw their income increased through entrepreneurship. From 2021 to 2024, the country sustained a flow of microcredit designated for people recently lifted out of poverty, of which RMB76.83 billion were offered to nearly 1.93 million women.
\nEfforts in skills training have been strengthened, with training courses on vocational skills, entrepreneurship, and practical agricultural technology being held through multiple channels, at multiple levels, and in multiple forms. As of 2020, training programs had been organized for a total of 10.21 million impoverished women and female technicians. From 2023 to 2024, the Rain and Dew Program sponsored 632,000 women to receive vocational education, allowing them to continue their march out of poverty.
\nPanel 3 Poverty Alleviation Workshops for Women Help Women Find Jobs and Emerge from Poverty
\nPoverty Alleviation Workshops for Women constitute a targeted model that helps boost employment and incomes among impoverished women. The Guidelines on the Three-Year Action Plan for Winning the Battle Against Poverty issued by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council required the establishment of poverty alleviation workshops to employ people from poor households near their homes. In line with this document, governments in poor regions adopted measures such as employment subsidies, workspace rental subsidies, and credit assistance to encourage enterprises to establish poverty alleviation workshops for women in poor rural communities, helping them find work in fields such as agricultural products processing and handicrafts weaving. By providing employment opportunities close to home, local governments and enterprises have enabled women to balance earning an additional income with their farming and family duties. During the critical battle against poverty, more than 10,000 such workshops for women have been established nationwide, helping women in need find secure employment in their local areas.
\nIncreasing input to break the bottlenecks constraining women's development. China has advanced infrastructure development, fundamentally solving many of the issues impeding women's development in impoverished areas, such as insufficient access to transport, electricity, water and communications. Where conditions permit, all towns, townships, and administrative villages have been connected to paved roads and provided with bus and postal services. Full coverage of reliable power supply has been largely realized in rural areas. All counties have access to gigabit internet, all townships to 5G services, and all villages to broadband connections. By the end of 2024, 94 percent of the rural population had enjoyed access to tap water.
\nPanel 4 Female National Models for Poverty Alleviation
\nWomen fully performed their role as "half the sky" in the critical battle against poverty. Among the 10 individuals honored as national models for poverty alleviation by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council in 2021, five were women. They include Bai Jingying, who led 26,000 women in shaking off poverty through a new trail — working in the Mongolian broidery industry; Zhang Guimei, who leveraged her expertise in education to found China's first free senior high school for girls, helping more than 2,000 girls from impoverished mountainous areas reach university; Huang Wenxiu, a poverty alleviation official and a resident first Party secretary, and Zhang Xiaojuan, a vice director of a county-level poverty alleviation office, both of whom sacrificed their young lives for poverty elimination while working at the grassroots level to help residents solve difficulties; and Xia Sen, who donated her savings of RMB2,032,000 accumulated through a lifetime of work and frugality to improve schools in poverty-stricken rural areas, including through the provision of grants that have gone on to help 182 students from poor households enroll in university.
\n2. Notable Improvement in Health
\nPrioritizing people's health in its development strategy, China makes all-out efforts to build a healthy China, with women's and children's health the cornerstone of this work. By consolidating and improving institutional arrangements and optimizing resource allocation, the country provides women with full life-circle health services.
\nContinuous improvement of the maternal and child healthcare system. China has integrated its maternal and child healthcare network into its national medical and healthcare framework that covers its 1.4 billion people. A service system for maternal and child healthcare has been built, with maternal and child healthcare institutions as the core, community-level medical and healthcare institutions as the foundation, and medium and large hospitals and research institutes as the pillars.
\nFrom 2012 to 2023, the number of health professionals at maternal and child healthcare institutions increased from 277,000 to 537,000, with an annual growth rate of over 6 percent; the actual number of beds rose from 187,000 to 295,000, up by nearly 60 percent. At present, China has 3,081 maternal and child healthcare institutions, 3,491 treatment centers for high-risk and critically ill pregnant and postpartum women, and 3,221 treatment centers for critically ill neonates. More than 2,600 traditional Chinese medicine hospitals at Grade II and above have gynecological departments.
\nThe "internet plus maternal and child healthcare" service model has been developed, and training sessions and guidance for treating pregnant and postpartum women in severe and critical conditions have been provided through 31 provincial-level "cloud-based maternal and child healthcare" telemedicine platforms, making maternal and child healthcare services much more equitable.
\nPanel 5 Five Mechanisms for Maternal and Neonatal Safety Safeguarding the Health of Pregnant and Postpartum Women and Newborns
\nThe five mechanisms for maternal and neonatal safety covers pregnancy risk screening and evaluation, targeted management of high-risk pregnant and postpartum women, emergency treatment of critical and severe cases, maternal mortality case reporting, and admonition of underperforming healthcare providers. Based on the severity of pregnancy risks, pregnant and postpartum women are classified into one of five categories and each is assigned a label: green for low risk, yellow for common risk, orange for relatively high risk, red for high risk, or purple for carrying an infectious disease. Their treatment is then managed according to their category. This general system is supported by a nationwide, tiered network for treating pregnant and postpartum women and neonates in severe and critical conditions, which features coordination between different levels, highly efficient response, and orderly operation. It closely monitors key high-risk groups and strengthens the emergency treatment of critical and severe cases, thereby ensuring the safety of mothers and newborns.
\nBreakthroughs in solving key issues in women's health. China has strengthened its resource coordination to integrate the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B into major public health service programs. In 2024, the rate of mother-to-child HIV transmission in China fell to 1.2 percent, meeting the targets for eliminating mother-to-child HIV transmission.
\nChina has promoted the comprehensive prevention and treatment of cervical cancer and breast cancer. Between 2009 and 2024, 342 million free screenings for cervical cancer and 245 million free screenings for breast cancer were carried out nationwide, and between 2012 and 2024, the central government allocated RMB3.01 billion for treatment and support for women with these forms of cancer. HPV vaccination has been incorporated into the government's public welfare initiatives in 18 provinces as of June 2025, benefiting 5 million girls of eligible age annually through free vaccination programs.
\nA group of specialty branches and outpatient departments focusing on women's healthcare have been established, covering the entire process of childbearing and women's full life cycle.
\nA reproductive health promotion campaign has been carried out. By the end of 2024, youth health education services had been provided in more than 10,000 elementary and high schools and more than 1,000 higher education institutions across the country.
\nThe campaign to raise national health awareness, the initiative to build healthy families, the Healthy China: Mother's Action, and other initiatives have been rolled out to guide women to lead their family members and the wider society in raising health awareness and health management capacity.
\nRemarkable improvement in women's health. In 2020, the average life expectancy of women in China rose to 80.9 years.
\nSince 2012, the national hospital delivery rate has remained above 99 percent, and in 2024, the systematic maternal management rate reached 94.9 percent. The maternal mortality rate has dropped by 76.9 percent, from 61.9 per 100,000 in 1995 to 14.3 per 100,000 in 2024 — far below the global average.
\nIn terms of core maternal and child health indicators, namely maternal, infant, and under-five mortality rates, China ranks among the top in global upper-middle-income countries. It has met the relevant targets of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development ahead of schedule and has been recognized by the World Health Organization as one of the 10 high performing countries in maternal and child health outcomes.
\n3. Substantial Increase in Women's Education Level
\nIn building up its strength in education and coordinating integrated reforms of educational, sci-tech and talent systems and mechanisms, China has made tremendous efforts to ensure women's equitable access to education of all categories and levels, raise women's scientific literacy and promote life-long education for them. As a result, women's right to education has been effectively guaranteed.
\nGender divide in basic education has been largely eliminated. China has implemented four consecutive preschool education action plans. In 2024, girls accounted for 47.3 percent of children in kindergartens, totaling 16.94 million.
\nPanel 6 The Spring Bud Project Helps Girls from Impoverished Families Realize Their Dreams Through Schooling
\nThe Spring Bud Project is a public welfare project launched by the China Children and Teenagers' Fund in 1989 to help out-of-school girls from poverty-stricken areas return to school and improve their access to education. In 2019, Prof. Peng Liyuan, special envoy for girls' education under the Spring Bud Project, launched the Dream of the Future action of the Spring Bud Project. By carrying out education in health, digital technology, science and technology, music, and other areas, this initiative helps girls from poor households pursue well-rounded development. By the end of 2024, the project had raised RMB3.44 billion of non-governmental funds, providing 4.36 million instances of education assistance and more than 200,000 cases of one-to-one growth support and tailored psychological counseling for girls. This enabled girls to enjoy a more equitable and inclusive education of higher quality. In 2023, the Spring Bud Project won the UNESCO Prize for Girls' and Women's Education. In 2024, it was designated as one of the best cases in the Fifth Call of Global Solicitation on Best Poverty Reduction Practices.
\nChina promotes the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education, and has accelerated efforts to narrow the educational gaps between regions, schools, groups, and between urban and rural areas. The net elementary education enrollment rate of school-age girls stays above 99.9 percent, and in 2024, girls made up 46.98 percent of students of nine-year compulsory education.
\nThe Plan to Popularize Senior High School Education (2017-2020) and the Action Plan to Develop County-level Senior High Schools During the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) Period have been implemented nationwide, and the proportion of girls among the senior high school population is continuing to rise, standing at 49.3 percent in 2024.
\nA rough balance between male and female students in higher education has been achieved. China has made sustained efforts to develop the world's largest higher education system, cement and advance accessibility in higher education, and ensure gender equality in the enrollment of regular institutions of higher learning. In 2024, female students in these institutions made up 50.76 percent of the total, 14.15 percentage points higher than in 1995. Among them, female graduate students accounted for 50.01 percent, an increase of 22.43 percentage points from 1995.
\nWomen enjoy higher-quality vocational education and life-long education. China has speeded up its efforts to build a modern vocational education system and offers assistance to eligible students in the form of tuition exemptions, scholarships, grants, and student loans. As a result, women are enjoying more and better access to high-quality vocational education. In 2024, female students accounted for 47.9 percent of higher vocational school students at the undergraduate and junior college levels, and 45.2 percent of secondary vocational school students.
\nThe women's life-long learning system has become more open and flexible, with the establishment of the national smart education platform for life-long education offering a more convenient and accessible channel that meets women's diverse learning needs. The number of women receiving adult education continues to rise steadily year on year, and in 2024, female students at adult education institutions at the undergraduate and junior college levels numbered 5.13 million, 54 percent of the total, representing an increase of 1.96 million compared to 2012. In 2020, the average length of schooling for female citizens at or above the age of 15 reached 9.59 years.
\nWomen's scientific literacy is on the rise. The Chinese government has promulgated the Outline of the Action Plan for Improving Scientific Literacy for All (2021-2035), which covers raising women's scientific literacy.
\nIt has issued the Guidelines for Science Education in Elementary and High Schools, improved the curriculum, textbooks, experimental teaching, teachers' training, and extra-curricular activity programs of these schools, and enhanced the coordination and transformation of science education resources.
\nTo inspire and cultivate female students' interests in science, public-interest programs aimed at female students have been rolled out, including the Science Lovers Program for Female College Students, Science Empowering Girls, Spring Bud InnoGirls Program, STEM Girls, and Her Science.
\nA program for raising the capabilities of female employees has also been implemented, and, in particular, efforts have been made to help them improve digital skills.
\nThanks to these initiatives and more, the gender gap in scientific literacy is continuing to narrow. The female sci-tech talent pool continues to expand in scale, improve in structure, and grow in capability, with female scientists now regularly making outstanding contributions in various fields, including basic theory, applied technology, and engineering. In 2024, female R&D professionals numbered 2.85 million, representing an increase of 1.69 million from that in 2012.
\nPanel 7 STEM Girls Program Kindles Girls' Science Dream
\nIn 2018, the China Women's Development Foundation established the public-interest program of STEM Girls for female high school students aged 12-16 to inspire their enthusiasm and interest in STEM subjects. Through open recruitment and online courses, the program selects outstanding female high school students and sends them to universities and research institutions, including Tsinghua University, Tongji University, the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In the study camps at these institutions, girls can engage in exploration and learning in mechanical engineering, energy sources in architecture, eco-environment, biophysics, and other STEM subjects. They conduct visits, research, and hands-on experiments, form innovative plans, and work for their application. In the seven years since its launch, the program has covered more than 100 high schools in 24 provincial-level administrative units, training more than 8,200 students and helping them embark on a journey of scientific exploration and move forward in steady steps.
\n4. Continuous Improvement in Social Security
\nChina has established the world's largest social security system. Built on the principle of ensuring universal coverage for all eligible individuals, the system aims to narrow urban-rural disparities, improve social security policies for key groups, strengthen support for women in difficulty, and steadily raise benefit levels. As a result of this system, women now enjoy more comprehensive, reliable and equitable social security.
\nMedical and old-age insurance systems achieved full coverage. China's healthcare security system has been continuously improved, supported by increased government subsidies for individual contributions to basic medical insurance among rural and non-working urban residents.
\nIn 2024, 651 million women were covered by basic medical insurance, accounting for 49.1 percent of all participants. Additionally, 260 million women were covered by basic pension insurance for rural and non-working urban residents, representing 48 percent of all enrollees, while 260 million women participated in the basic pension scheme for urban employees, constituting 48.2 percent of the total.
\nMore women are protected against unemployment and work-related injuries. Efforts have been made to safeguard employees' employment security, occupational safety, and health protections. By the end of 2024, approximately 105 million women were enrolled in unemployment insurance, accounting for 42.7 percent of all participants and reflecting a 70 percent increase since 2012. Additionally, about 117 million women were covered by work-related injury insurance, comprising 38.6 percent of all enrollees, and reflecting a 60 percent increase since 2012.
\nSpecific measures have been introduced to ensure that workers in new forms of employment receive effective assistance and compensation in case of occupational injuries. Real-time settlement of medical expenses for work-related injuries incurred outside the provincial-level unit where the patient is insured has been fully implemented, protecting the rights and interests of female workers and better meeting their healthcare needs.
\nMaternity protection for women has improved significantly. The integrated implementation of maternity insurance and basic medical insurance for employees has been fully advanced, and continuous efforts have been made to expand employer participation in maternity insurance and to gradually extend its coverage. Regions with the necessary conditions have been guided to include flexibly employed people in maternity insurance. For unemployed women, the unemployment insurance fund pay their maternity insurance contributions on their behalf during their period of unemployment benefit eligibility, while non-working women are covered for maternity medical benefits through their participation in the basic medical insurance scheme for rural and non-working urban residents. By the end of 2024, 111 million women were covered by maternity insurance. All 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government, as well as the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, have included eligible assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in their medical insurance schemes.
\nSocial security for women in need is further strengthened. Subsistence allowance standards have continued to rise, with the national average urban and rural subsistence allowance standards in 2024 140 percent and 240 percent higher than those of 2012, respectively.
\nFinancial assistance or premium payments are provided for women from eligible disadvantaged groups, such as those receiving subsistence allowances or classified as extremely impoverished individuals, to participate in basic medical and pension insurance schemes for rural and non-working urban residents.
\nA comprehensive system of living subsidies for persons with disabilities facing financial difficulties and nursing subsidies for those with severe disabilities has been established. In 2024, about 9.40 million women received these subsidies, accounting for 46 percent of all recipients.
\nTargeted assistance and support initiatives have been implemented for rural stay-behind women in difficult circumstances, including efforts to establish records, ensure basic living standards, promote employment and income generation, and enrich cultural lives.
\n5. Improved Family Lives
\nChina places emphasis on fostering family culture, values, and traditions, recognizing the unique role of women in both social and family life. Efforts continue to be made to leverage women's distinctive contributions in promoting traditional Chinese family virtues and establishing positive family traditions. Policies supporting family development are continuously improved, enhancing families' capacity for development and creating favorable conditions for women to enjoy better family lives.
\nMore equal and harmonious family relations in the new era. Laws and regulations including the Civil Code, the Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests, and the Anti-Domestic Violence Law have been promulgated to protect women's rights within marriage and the family.
\nA new marital and childbearing culture is widely promoted. Marriage and family counseling services are widely available at marriage registration authorities at or above the county level nationwide. Over 2,000 pilot units are advancing marriage customs reform, and activities such as "bringing new marriage and childbearing norms into households" are continuously carried out to promote values including gender equality, mutual respect, and shared parenting responsibilities between couples.
\nThe Fourth Survey on the Social Status of Women in China shows that 90 percent of married women participate in decision-making on major family matters, an increase of approximately 15 percentage points compared to 2010. The gender gap in time spent on household chores has narrowed, and there is a growing emphasis on marital relationships based on mutual respect and trust.
\nA family-friendly society gradually in shape. To meet the demands of high-quality population development and family wellbeing, measures have been introduced to improve childbirth support policies and develop a childbirth-friendly society.
\nThe childbirth leave system has been enhanced, with local regulations extending maternity leave and paternity leave and introducing parental childcare leave. Special additional deductions for individual income tax have been implemented, covering expenses for under-three children nursing, eldercare, and children's education. A childcare subsidy system has been established and implemented, while free pre-school education has been promoted in a phased way.
\nEmployers are encouraged to create "family-friendly workplaces" by adopting flexible working hours or remote work options after negotiating with employees to support them in both career development and childcare.
\nNursing facilities have been provided. By the end of 2024, 403,000 enterprises and public institutions with trade unions had set up nursing rooms for female employees. The provision of baby care rooms in public places has also been expanded, and design standards such as the Uniform Standard for the Design of Civil Buildings, the Standard for the Design of Office Buildings, and the Code for the Design of Railway Passenger Station Buildings now include requirements for such facilities. By the end of 2024, 1,449 baby care rooms had been established in railway stations; 5,371 in highway service areas (including parking areas); 286 on passenger ships and in port passenger terminals; 2,308 in secondary and above-grade bus stations; 2,599 in urban rail transit stations; and nursing rooms in all civilian airports with an annual passenger throughput of 5,000 or more.
\nPanel 8 The 15-Minute Community Life Circles Benefit Hundreds of Millions of Residents
\nThe 15-minute community life circle is a government initiative to improve people's lives by creating community business districts with diverse services. Residents in such communities should be able to meet their basic daily consumption needs and access quality services within a 15-minute walk.
\nTo address childcare needs, Shanghai has established more than 340 community-based childcare rooms in over 90 percent of its subdistricts and towns, providing temporary childcare services. For eldercare needs, Tianjin has set up 1,852 community canteens for seniors and built daytime care centers for the elderly, offering personalized eldercare services. To meet residents' daily needs, the Kangqiao Garden Community in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, has introduced affordable vegetable stalls, convenient barbershops, and small repair service points, enabling one-stop solutions for various household needs.
\nSince 2021, 4 batches of 210 pilot areas across the country have joined the initiative, building 5,510 community life circles that benefit approximately 125 million residents.
\nMore diverse services to reduce family care burden. A variety of childcare services are provided to families, including full-day, half-day, and temporary care options, and employers are also supported in establishing childcare facilities. By the end of 2024, there were 5.74 million childcare slots nationwide, with 4.08 slots per 1,000 people for children under three.
\nA family education guidance service system covering both urban and rural areas has been established. Relying on over 400,000 parent schools in urban and rural communities and more than 20,000 online new media platforms, family education guidance service teams have worked to organize rich and diverse parent-child activities, bringing scientific family education guidance services directly to households and communities.
\nThe eldercare framework has been optimized, where home care is supported by communities and professional institutions, featuring a combination of medical care and eldercare services. Services such as meal assistance, bathing aid, home modifications for the elderly, and barrier-free renovations for financially difficult families with members with severe disabilities have become more accessible.
\nPanel 9 Family Education in the New Era Strengthens the Foundation of Early Nurturing
\nChina places great importance on family education. The Law on Family Education Promotion has been enacted to strengthen parents' primary responsibility in guardianship, establish a collaborative mechanism for family education work, clarify state support measures for family education, and define the role of social forces in supporting family education. The All-China Women's Federation, the Ministry of Education, and other relevant departments have successively issued six five-year plans for family education, setting periodic targets and measures. The National Family Education Guidance Outline and Basic Behavioral Norms for Parents in Family Education have been formulated and revised to define the content of family education guidance.
\nExploratory efforts are made to establish an undergraduate program on family education in colleges and universities to train professionals for this sector. A life-cycle family guidance curriculum system has been developed, and the "Happy Family" online platform for family education services has been established. Family education instructors have been included as an occupation in the General Code of Occupational Classification of the People's Republic of China. All these endeavors will promote the digital and professional development of family education and support families in scientific parenting.
\nThe domestic service sector continues to improve in quality and expand in scale. By the end of 2023, there were approximately 600,000 domestic service entities and 16,000 women-led domestic service community stations. National domestic service vocational skills competitions have been held to encourage skill enhancement among people working in this sector, provide a growth platform for more of them, and deliver high-quality services to families.
\nIV. Advancing Women's Development to the Forefront of the Times
\nOn the new journey of Chinese modernization, every individual plays a key role. Connecting their own future with that of the country and the nation, Chinese women have devoted themselves to the building of a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful. They have attained major achievements in the new era, creating a better life through action and hard work.
\n1. Achievements in Promoting High-Quality Economic Development
\nIn promoting high-quality economic development, China is committed to expanding channels for women's participation, improving their capabilities, and stimulating their creativity. Women are "holding up half the sky" and playing an increasingly prominent role.
\nRealizing potential in employment and entrepreneurship. Upholding employment as a priority, China has increased fiscal investment, and implemented initiatives such as the Women's Action for Entrepreneurship and Innovation and the Action for Promoting Women's Employment and Entrepreneurship. Special recruitment sections and events for women have been held, sponsored by the National Employment Promotion Action and Spring Breeze Action, aiming to help more women find better jobs.
\nGender discrimination in employment has been placed under the scrutiny of labor protection supervision. The System of Special Labor Protection for Female Employees in the Workplace (Reference Text) and the System for Eliminating Sexual Harassment in the Workplace (Reference Text) have been formulated as guidelines for employers to improve their corresponding systems for protecting female employees' lawful rights and interests.
\nBy the end of 2024, RMB640 billion in loans had been provided to support 8.49 million women in realizing their entrepreneurial dreams. Since 2012, women have accounted for about 43 percent of the total employed population. According to the fifth national economic census in 2024, 42.6 percent of the employees in government agencies, public institutions, and state-owned enterprises were women, an increase of 3.6 percentage points compared to the fourth census.
\nPanel 10 Beautiful Crafts Workshops Providing Employment and Income Growth for Women with Disabilities
\nThe Beautiful Crafts Workshops program was jointly launched by China Disabled Persons' Federation and All-China Women's Federation in 2022 to help women with disabilities find employment and increase income. Through collaboration between the government, enterprises, and public service organizations, a full-chain service model integrating training, employment, entrepreneurship and protection has been formulated to ensure that women participating in this program have access to employment opportunities and secure stable incomes through the acquisition of important skills.
\nA total of 125 national-level Beautiful Crafts Workshops now provide disabled women with free training courses in hand knitting, embroidery, and pottery, and support some of them in setting up studios and engaging in live-streaming sales. This program has facilitated flexible home-based employment for 190,000 women with disabilities, doubling their average annual income compared to 2022. The outcomes have been displayed at major events including the 18th Session of the Conference of States Parties to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the UN Human Rights Council meetings, and the 10th International Abilympics.
\nThe scale of women's accomplishments is reflected in their significant representation among national honorees: They constitute 34 percent of the National Moral Models and 30.9 percent of the Most Beautiful Souls and National Exemplary Educators. Since 2012, a total of 1,821 women have been awarded the titles of National Model Workers and Advanced Workers, 1,957 have received the National May 1st Labor Medal, 5,001 have been honored as National March 8th Red-Banner Pacesetters, and 6,489 recognized as National Role Models for Women's Achievements.
\nPioneering innovation in science and technology. As part of the efforts to implement the Women's Action for Scientific and Technological Innovation, China has formulated the Measures on Supporting Female Talent to Play a Greater Role in Sci-Tech Innovation, which outline 16 concrete measures, including supporting female scientists to undertake national sci-tech projects and participate in decision-making on sci-tech development, as well as improving evaluation and incentive mechanisms for them.
\nThe National Natural Science Foundation has appropriately relaxed the age limits for female applicants in Categories A, B and C of the Young Scientists Fund, raising the maximum age thresholds by three years, two years, and five years respectively, compared to their male counterparts. Leveraging platforms such as the Zhongguancun Forum, Pujiang Innovation Forum, and World AI Conference, China has launched summits and forums for women working in science and technology, and hosted the Women Technicians Forum and a range of training programs for high-caliber female sci-tech professionals. These actions have created platforms for women in STEM fields to conduct professional exchange and learning, apply their research outcomes, and serve the public.
\nToday, women account for 45.8 percent of all sci-tech researchers in China. They are tackling tough problems and achieving breakthroughs in pioneering fields, overcoming daunting obstacles, and scaling new heights at the forefront of innovation, and making significant contributions to building China into a sci-tech powerhouse with greater strength and self-reliance in science and technology.
\nPanel 11 Glorious Achievements of Female Sci-Tech Workers in China
\nThrough their unwavering dedication and exceptional wisdom, Chinese women have made groundbreaking contributions across diverse fields of science and technology, writing glorious chapters in the nation's rich history of sci-tech innovation.
\nTu Youyou, chief scientist at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and a recipient of the Medal of the Republic, was the first person to discover artemisinin. This class of drugs has significantly reduced the mortality rate of malaria patients and saved millions of lives globally. Tu's pioneering research led to her becoming the first home-grown Chinese scientist to receive a Nobel Prize.
\nLiu Yang, China's first female astronaut, Wang Yaping, the first female taikonaut to walk in space, and Wang Haoze, the first female aerospace flight engineer to board China's space station, each courageously challenged the unknown, demonstrating the strength of Chinese women in aerospace.
\nLiao Hong, professor at Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, integrated applied basic research with agricultural production to build up about 20,000 hectares of eco-friendly tea gardens, providing a comprehensive solution to the eco-friendly planting and management of Wuyi rock tea.
\nFor over two decades, Shan Xinghua, recipient of the title Role Model of the Era, has led her team in developing the 12306 China Railway ticketing system into a super-large real-time platform with a world-leading transaction volume, boosting China's strength in transportation.
\nTaking the lead in rural revitalization. Through the Women's Action for Rural Revitalization, China has strengthened quality training to empower women farmers. Since 2017, the High-quality Farmer Training Program has trained over 2.24 million women farmers, and between 2022 and 2024, the project for cultivating leaders for rural industry revitalization trained 12,000 female individuals.
\nThe achievements of women in rural revitalization have been recognized through initiatives like the Double Hundred and Double Thousand Initiative, which recognizes outstanding rural craftspeople, 100 of whom in the first batch were women, accounting for 36.6 percent of the total. In the final round of the first National Farmers' Skills Competition, female participants comprised 69.5 percent of all winners. Furthermore, by the end of 2024, 134,000 female workers responsible for extending agricultural technologies and services had obtained professional titles, representing 35.4 percent of the total.
\nPanel 12 A Small Industrial Incubation Platform Galvanizing Women's Power for Rural Revitalization
\nAs a successful example of the Green Rural Revival Program in Zhejiang, Lizu Village in Yiwu has developed from a backward hamlet to a National Model Village, and women have played a vital role in this transformation.
\nThe village is home to a Shared Prosperity Workshop — an incubation platform for industrial projects that attracts numerous aspiring makers and entrepreneurs. This workshop operates as a women's alliance for shared prosperity, and follows a work mechanism under which community-level service centers introduce promising projects under the leadership of the local executive committee of women's federations. The project has helped local women start their own businesses, increasing their incomes and fostering integration between urban and rural areas.
\nAfter five years, the number of makers and entrepreneurs has increased from over 30 to 272, among which 75 percent are women. The "Homemade by Mom" food street and the Women's Fair have increased women's incomes by over RMB13.7 million, while live-streaming activities to promote agricultural products have generated sales of RMB27 million. This small incubator has created big opportunities for women to embrace prosperity.
\nPursuing excellence in the digital economy. China has issued the Action Plan for Strengthening the Digital Literacy and Skills of the General Public and the Action Plan for Digital Rural Development, which include measures such as carrying out digital literacy education and skills training for women and developing women-led e-commerce brands. Chinese women have answered the call of the digital age, and are committed to developing the digital economy, with 14,147 women obtaining the vocational skills certificates for AI trainers in 2024 alone — comprising 42.3 percent of the yearly total. Women represent over half of the entrepreneurs in the internet sector and about one third of the workforce engaging in new business forms such as digital trade, e-commerce, and live streaming. As the digital economy advances, it is providing more opportunities for women.
\nPanel 13 The \"AI Dou\" Project: Helping Women Excel in the Digital Economy
\nThrough digital empowerment, the China Women's Development Foundation is pioneering innovative pathways for women's development. In 2019, the organization launched the "AI Dou" Project for AI industrial incubation in conjunction with relevant businesses. This project aims to help stay-behind women and returning youth to secure data annotation and similar jobs near home, by introducing digital employment opportunities to underdeveloped counties, carrying out vocational training, and incubating locally operated social enterprises. By the end of 2024, the project had established 16 digital employment centers in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Gansu, Guizhou and Ningxia, providing employment opportunities for over 7,500 women. Among those provided with stable jobs by the project, 70 percent were women.
\n2. Equal Participation in Whole-Process People's Democracy
\nAs China advances whole-process people's democracy, it remains committed to increasing women's participation in the management of state, economic, cultural and social affairs. Women enjoy equal political rights and actively participate in democratic practices, contributing their strengths with great enthusiasm.
\nExercising state power through the people's congresses. The proportion of women in people's congresses at all levels continues to rise. In the 14th NPC convened in 2023, there were 790 women deputies, accounting for 26.5 percent of the total. This represents an increase of 3.1 percentage points from the 12th NPC and 1.6 percentage points from the 13th NPC. At the county and township levels, women constitute 31.64 percent and 32.36 percent of deputies, respectively. These women deputies fulfill their duties in accordance with the law, soliciting and reflecting public opinion from all sectors of society. Between 2018 and 2025, NPC women deputies put forward 29,328 suggestions, criticisms and opinions, accounting for 42.3 percent of the total.
\nPanel 14 Women Deputies to the People's Congresses Practicing Whole-Process People's Democracy
\nZhu Guoping, an outstanding representative of the "neighborhood chiefs" in Shanghai, has been a key figure in her local community for over three decades. She served as a deputy to three consecutive NPCs — the 11th, 12th, and 13th — where she had a particular focus on eldercare, childcare and healthcare. Among her suggestions in these fields, two proposals calling for increased fiscal investment in general practitioners and pediatricians were both adopted by the Ministry of Finance, earning her praise as someone who "bridges national policy decisions with public concerns".
\nHongqiao Subdistrict, where Zhu works, functions as a community-level legislative outreach office, set up by the Legislative Affairs Commission of the NPC Standing Committee. It has solicited opinions for 97 draft laws, including the Anti-Domestic Violence Law and the Law on the Protection of Minors. The subdistrict has proposed over 3,200 suggestions, with 280 being adopted after review, channeling grassroots legislative input to the Great Hall of the People.
\nDiscussing state affairs and making suggestions at consultative meetings of the CPPCC. The proportion of female members in the CPPCC National Committee and local committees has seen a consistent increase. In 2023, 487 female members served on the National Committee of the 14th CPPCC, accounting for 22.4 percent of the total — an increase of 4.6 percentage points and 2 percentage points from the 12th CPPCC and 13th CPPCC, respectively. In the same year, there were 5,401 female members on the provincial-level committees of the CPPCC, accounting for 27.36 percent of the membership at this level. The female members fulfill their duties in full and play a major role in political consultation, democratic supervision, and the deliberation and administration of state affairs. Since the 14th CPPCC National Committee, female members have submitted 4,282 proposals, representing 26.6 percent of the total.
\nActively engaging in decision-making and administration. China attaches importance to the cultivation and selection of female officials and the recruitment of women into the CPC. It has formulated and implemented outlines for strengthening Party and government leadership teams and on women's development, which set specific quantitative and proportional requirements for the appointment of female officials and female heads of leadership bodies. These goals are expected to be met while strict quality standards are upheld.
\nThe proportions of women among the CPC membership and delegates to the Party congresses are increasing. In 2024, 30.9 percent of CPC members were female, an increase of 7.1 percentage points compared to the 2012 level. Female Party members accounted for 27 percent of the delegates to the 20th CPC National Congress, an increase of 4 percentage points from the Party's 18th National Congress in 2012. Women represent 42.3 percent, 43.78 percent, and 51.5 percent of all the judges, prosecutors and jurors nationwide.
\nExtensively participating in grassroots democracy. Effective measures have been taken in the villagers committee elections to expand women's membership. In 2022, women constituted 26.1 percent of villagers committee members and 54.3 percent of urban residents committee members, an increase of 4 percentage points and 5.5 percentage points, respectively, from 2012 levels.
\nFemale workers play an active role in democratic management in enterprises. In 2023, women employees made up 37.7 percent, 41.9 percent, and 34.2 percent of the boards of directors, boards of supervisors, and workers' congress representatives, increasing by 11.4 percentage points, 14.9 percentage points, and 4.4 percentage points, respectively, compared to 2012. A total of 431,000 councils of women have been established in urban and rural communities, facilitating extensive consultations on public affairs concerning women's immediate interests.
\n3. Excellence in a Flourishing Culture
\nIn developing a thriving socialist culture, China has given full play to women's role in creating cultural wealth and cultivated female talent in the cultural sector. Through innovation and with creativity, women have made a significant contribution to preserving cultural heritage and promoting the best of traditional Chinese culture.
\nDemonstrating vitality at the forefront of culture and communication. Women have become a pillar of cultural prosperity and development and are playing an increasingly important role in cultural creation, communication and studies. Female writers and artists have produced masterpieces that have shaped the image of women in the new era, as varied as the Peking Opera Mother, ballet Yimeng, prose works My Altay, TV series She and Her Girls, movie Huang Wenxiu, documentary Aunt Haiyun, variety shows The Daughters of Chinese Villages and Sisters Who Make Waves 2024, and short drama Got Old Recently.
\nBy the end of 2023, about 456,900 women across the country were employed in the radio, television, and online audio-visual sectors, comprising 43.14 percent of the total employees. In the senior professional title evaluations for the journalism section organized by the National Press and Publication Administration in 2024, women accounted for 44.1 percent of those receiving senior professional titles and 50.6 percent of those gaining associate senior ones.
\nWomen constitute 27.5 percent of participants in key talent initiatives in the field of public communication and culture, including 45.2 percent of successful candidates in the cultural talent program and 42.5 percent in the youth cultural talent program under the National Cultural Talent of Excellence Initiative. Through their work in culture and communication, women have vigorously committed themselves in the promotion and practice of the core socialist values.
\nShowing strengths in preserving and vitalizing ethnic cultures. By passing down traditional crafts and facilitating cultural innovation and dissemination, women are injecting new vitality into ethnic cultures. Among the 3,997 recognized representative bearers of the intangible cultural heritage (ICH) items on the national list, 25 percent are women. The research and training program for ICH bearers has provided training for 51,000 people, with women accounting for 57 percent. Under the plan on revitalizing traditional Chinese craftsmanship and the specialized initiatives to revitalize rural areas by promoting ICH, many women have played a leading role in transforming local natural resources and rural cultural assets into cultural products and industries. Handicraft brands such as "Dove Flower: Songtao's Miao Embroidery" in Guizhou and "Weiyuan Tu Ethnic Coiling Embroidery" in Qinghai are shining examples of this transformation.
\nNew business models — often fronted by women — such as "ICH plus guesthouses", "ICH plus cultural products", and "ICH plus study trips" have also been launched in recent years, breathing new life into traditional ethnic cultures. The rise of digital technology has allowed traditional culture to flourish again, and an increasing number of young women now play a central role in promoting the "China-Chic" trend and preserving and vitalizing ICH, facilitating ICH's integration in modern life and helping it reach a global audience.
\nExcelling in both competitive and mass leisure sports. The Outline for Building a Strong Sporting Nation has explicitly set the goal of achieving balanced development between men's and women's events. The Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic Winter Games issued a Gender Equality Commitment covering 14 specific areas, including equal participation, gender-equal and fair portrayal, and gender equality in leadership and workforce.
\nPanel 15 Creating Masterpieces and Promoting Civilization with Stitches and Threads
\nFemale embroiders, with needles as brushes and silk threads as ink, create delicate works that embody the resilience, patience, and determination of the Chinese people through every stitch and thread. These artisans are committed to revitalizing ancient techniques in a modern society.
\nSuzhou embroidery is one of the four most celebrated forms of Chinese embroidery. The art form originated in Zhenhu Township, where local women are now encouraged to set up their own embroidery businesses. As a result of this push, over 90 percent of Suzhou embroidery entrepreneurs are women.
\nMiao embroidery is another highly praised technique, celebrated as a "wordless epic created with colorful threads and a living totem worn on the body". Under the Brocade and Embroidery Initiative, Guizhou Province has empowered over 500,000 women working in handicraft industries such as Miao embroidery and batik to create a splendid life through splendid products.
\nWith a history of over 3,000 years, Li brocade is renowned as a "living monument of Chinese textile history". Currently, 18,000 female weavers work to preserve and develop this art. Tibetan carpet making is a skill that boasts thousands of years of history. Tibetan women begin learning the weaving techniques from a young age and pass down this precious craftsmanship through generations. Women in the Chaoshan area in southeastern Guangdong, based on traditional stitching techniques, have pioneered innovations to create 3D double-sided padded embroidery, carrying forward this traditional art in a modern world.
\nThe number of female elite athletes in China has witnessed rapid growth, and the proportion of international-level female athletes has remained above 50 percent. Since 2012, across the four consecutive Summer Olympic Games, female athletes have accounted for over 55 percent of competitors and won over 60 percent of the medals. During the same period across the four Paralympic Games, women have made up 50.22 percent of participants and secured 55.62 percent of the medals. Female athletes fight for their nations, collaborate in unity, and challenge their limits, playing an equal role as their male counterparts in competitive sports. The fighting spirit of the Chinese women's volleyball team has inspired the Chinese people to this day.
\nExtensive fitness-for-all programs are carried out nationwide, and a program of cultivating female community sports instructors in rural areas has provided training for over 65,000 women in 10,000 villages. By the end of 2024, there were about 3.71 million community sports instructors across the country, among which 56.1 percent were women, demonstrating women's leadership and responsibility in advancing China's fitness-for-all initiative in the new era.
\n4. Women's Undertakings in Grassroots Social Governance
\nIn building a grassroots social governance model based on collaboration, participation, and common interests, China has attached great importance to the role of women and women's organizations, expanded the channels for their orderly participation in grassroots governance, and ensured their involvement in managing grassroots-level public affairs and public-interest undertakings in accordance with the law. Chinese women have excelled in these roles, becoming a major force in grassroots governance.
\nThe positive role of family ties, values, and traditions in grassroots governance. China has improved mechanisms that help to foster family virtues, facilitate education cooperation between families, schools and society, deliver more accessible family services, and resolve marital and family disputes, supporting women in nurturing harmony within households, and thus contributing to a more peaceful and harmonious society for all.
\nFamily virtue cultivation activities such as the selection of the "Most Beautiful Families", "Model Families", and "Five-Virtue Families", and initiatives like "Share Your Family Rules, Mottoes, and Values", "Family Virtues in Letters", and "Family Education Cultivates Values and Virtues" have been organized. These activities champion the new socialist family morality and values, emphasizing love for the country and family, mutual care, devotion to progress and kindness, and joint efforts with shared benefits. A total of 1,597 households have been honored as "National Model Families", 6,258 as "National Five-Virtue Families", and 16.48 million as the "Most Beautiful Families". Additionally, more than 500,000 lectures, exhibitions and performances on family values and traditions have been hosted around the country, attracting a combined attendance of 250 million people.
\nPanel 16 Family Points System Contributing to Rural Governance
\nGansu Province has implemented an innovative system, which breaks down key aspects of rural governance into points for households in villages and communities. Clear criteria and scoring standards are established for adding or deducting points. Law-abiding families that demonstrate harmony, mutual support among neighbors, and industriousness can collect points by adopting a green lifestyle, participating in public-interest programs, and discarding outdated customs. These points can then be redeemed locally for a wide range of household goods. The initiative has inspired women and their families to participate more actively in rural governance and efforts to improve their living environment and beautify their villages, driving big impact in grassroots governance with ingenuity.
\nWomen's extensive participation in building a peaceful and harmonious community. Women actively participate in the comprehensive maintenance of public order and contribute to resolving problems and disputes at the grassroots level. Local governments have been exploring a "Women's Federations Plus" mediation model. By the end of 2024, 3,690 mediation commissions above the county level for resolving marriage and family disputes had been established under the leadership of women's federations. Marriage mediation organizations now provide service at comprehensive governance centers, litigation service centers, and community police offices, and marriage mediation offices have been established at the village and community level. Since 2016, nearly 1.36 million cases have been resolved through mediation. In 2023, 295 women mediators were commended by the Ministry of Justice as National Model Mediators, accounting for 29.5 percent of those recognized.
\nWomen also play an active part in patrols for maintaining order and in supervision. The "Jiangdong Aunties" team in Jingkou District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province has completed 5,000 hours of voluntary patrols and participated in over 1,000 public service activities since its establishment in 2017. The "Xicheng Aunties" in Beijing and women community liaisons in Weinan City, Shaanxi Province, have promptly identified and reported potential risks for social governance, working at the forefront of conflict resolution at the grassroots level. Women acting as community workers, grid managers, and residential building chiefs have made significant contributions to building a peaceful and harmonious community.
\nPanel 17 Mediation Office for Promoting Family Harmony
\nIn 2016, the Women's Federation of Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, established a Marriage and Family Disputes Mediation Office and launched a project to promote marital and family harmony and ensure the legal rights of women and children. A set of operational mechanisms was established, including joint meetings, information sharing, and rotating professionals, and experts in the fields of law, sociology, and psychology were recruited to form a dedicated voluntary service group.
\nBased on practical experience, a mediation method of "four aspects plus three synchronizations" was adopted to mediate disputes, wherein the "four aspects" refer to the psychological, legal, emotional, and rational dimensions, while the "three synchronizations" denote the alignment of answering questions with raising public awareness of the law, providing emotional guidance with teaching life experience, and resolving disputes with protecting rights. At the same time, a four-step method of stabilizing emotions, understanding demands, instilling hope, and establishing support was adopted in solving many family disputes. By the end of July 2025, more than 10,000 cases had been solved through this project, with a success rate of 95 percent, benefiting more than 30,000 individuals.
\nActive engagement in voluntary service and other public-interest programs. China emphasizes the healthy development of voluntary services and social organizations, among which women play an active role. In 2024, there were 24 million women registered as volunteers and 350,000 women volunteer teams. These volunteers play an important role in promoting national strategies, improving the people's wellbeing, and strengthening social governance. They have provided nearly one million voluntary services, covering all 17 goals of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The number of women in social organizations is on the rise. In 2023, women comprised 42.3 percent of the staff and 26.3 percent of the heads of social organizations respectively, up by 13.3 and 4.9 percentage points from 2012.
\nPanel 18 Wang's Volunteer Group: Inspiring More Women to Serve Their Community
\nIn 2005, Wang Lanhua, a Hui woman, former director on a residents committee in Wuzhong City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region formed a volunteer group with six former colleagues — a group she continues to lead 20 years later. Her voluntary service leaves no stone unturned, reaching every corner of the community to look after left-behind children and elderly people who live alone, while providing conflict resolution services and addressing people's immediate concerns. Wang and her team warm the residents' hearts with their selfless dedication, and their influence in community service has drawn more and more community members to join. These volunteers from different ethnic groups encapsulate the idea of all ethnic groups as one family with their solidarity and mutual help. Now, there are 1,315 registered volunteers in Wang's Volunteer Group, and Wang's dedication has seen her honored as a model for ethnic solidarity.
\n5. Women's Contributions in the Eco-environmental Field
\nChina upholds and acts on the principle that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, and promotes modernization based on harmony between humanity and nature by following a path of green development that gives priority to eco-environmental conservation. Women play an important role in building a beautiful China, and are continuing to develop the awareness and skills required to drive forward eco-environmental protection.
\nPanel 19 Princess of the Beavers
\nWomen are emerging as key practitioners in biodiversity protection, and Chu Wenwen represents a new generation of female conservationists committed to protecting local biodiversity. Born in 1994 in Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Chu founded the Altay Nature Conservation Association and launched a series of public-interest projects to protect beavers and other wildlife, including the Beaver Cafeteria, Beaver Guardian, and Beaver Ark initiatives. The Beaver Cafeteria project focuses on restoring shrubs in natural habitats, which provide food for more than 100 species of wild animal. The Beaver Guardian project mobilizes more than 500 herdsmen along the Ulungur River to participate in conservation efforts and serve as voluntary patrols. The Beaver Ark project established a professional wildlife rescue center that has saved over 400 wild animals injured or trapped by human activities. Thanks in part to Chu's efforts, the population of Mongolian-Xinjiang beavers (Castor fiber birulai) has increased by 250 to date, earning her the honorary nickname "Princess of the Beavers".
\nPromoting ecosystem protection and restoration. China pursues the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, grasslands and deserts, with the aim of establishing an overarching framework that extends from the mountaintops to the oceans. Women play a significant role in the nation's ecosystem protection and restoration. Among the 17,000 eco-environmental guardians working at the 190,700 sq km Sanjiangyuan National Park, 33.3 percent are women. The Women Tree-Planting Team in Changjiang Li Autonomous County of Hainan Province has been dedicated to planting more than six million coastal defense trees, establishing a forest spanning over 2,000 hectares in the desert after 30 years of trial and error. The women's militia company for sand control in Shaanxi Province has converted more than 933.33 hectares of barren deserts into oases covered with rows of trees over the past five decades. The women's volunteer team in Helan County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region conducts regular activities to protect rivers, shoals, and birds, and the Women's Action for the Yangtze River Protection is an ongoing activity in Nanjing City of Jiangsu Province to provide vital protection for China's longest river. Women's perseverance and wisdom are shown in many aspects of eco-environmental protection, from green coverage expansion and desertification prevention and control, to the protection of forests, rivers, and biodiversity.
\nPanel 20 Sci-Tech Courtyard Supporting Green Agriculture
\nThe Sci-Tech Courtyard is a service platform that integrates agricultural scitech innovation, demonstration and promotion, and talent cultivation. In the Dongpo Sci-Tech Courtyard of Agricultural Skill Promotion in Meishan City, Sichuan Province, 33 team members — including 22 women — work on the front line of green agriculture. With women at its core, the team provides comprehensive services in skill training, field production guidance, problem identification and resolution, and industry chain alignment, benefiting more than 50,000 villagers. The Sci-Tech Courtyard also makes targeted efforts in new species selection, cultivation technique research for high-quality and high-yield crops, and the development of green planting and cultivation models. Over the past nine years, comparative trials of more than 400 paddy varieties have been completed, leading to the selection of 40 high-quality and high-yield species that have significantly increased the proportion of such crops in the region. Cultivation of 824,467 hectares of these paddies has generated a net income growth of RMB2.65 billion. In addition, more than 10 new planting techniques have been promoted, and research on green planting and cultivation models has been advanced, increasing crop yield and economic benefits while reducing pesticide use.
\nAccelerating the green transformation of production models. China upholds green and low-carbon development as a fundamental approach to resolving environmental problems, and promotes a sound economic structure that facilitates green, low-carbon, and circular development. Women actively participate in the efforts to promote green development in industry, shift the production model of agriculture, and improve the sustainable level of the service industry. By 2024, the number of companies in the green economy sector invested in by women entrepreneurs had reached 445,000, accounting for 27.4 percent of the total. These companies cover a range of market segments, including clean energy, organic agriculture, and eco-conservation. Scientific management of fertilizer and pesticide use and innovative ecological planting serve to save agricultural resources, improve the eco-environment of agricultural production areas, and supply high-quality green agricultural products, promoting the triple-win of less pesticide use, more income, and better environment. New models of eco-environmental businesses have been established, including urban modern agriculture, leisure agriculture, eco-tourism, high-quality homestays, and rural complexes. By the end of 2024, the number of family farms run by women reached 487,000, and women accounted for 68.6 percent of all holders of vocational skill certificates in rural homestay housekeeping.
\nLiving a green lifestyle. Green development is closely connected to each of our lives. Chinese women advocate the values of eco-civilization and encourage simple, moderate, green, low-carbon, sound and healthy ways of life and consumption by integrating these concepts into everyday routines. They have played a leading role in building green families through saving water and electricity, participating in the "Clear Your Plate" campaign, using green modes of transport, and engaging in waste sorting. Women also actively participate in developing beautiful courtyards and harmonious villages, guided by standards such as tidy rooms, hygienic kitchens and toilets, neat courtyards, abundant greenery, and harmonious families. To date, more than 12 million households have been awarded the title of "Beautiful Courtyard". Women are consistently in the frontline of enhancing public awareness of environmental protection and improving community environment. For example, in Shanghai, a themed campaign was launched to find 10,000 families living a green lifestyle and recruit 100,000 family waste sorting volunteers, creating a good atmosphere for the million families participating in this endeavor.
\nParticipating in disaster prevention and mitigation. China regards people's lives and safety as the primary goal of disaster prevention and mitigation. It boosts public participation and improves the capabilities of the whole society to defend and respond to disasters, and women play a key role in this — particularly in investigation and identification of potential risks and hidden dangers, early warning and treatment, and information reporting. In 2024, women accounted for 23.6 percent of disaster information assistants nationwide, totaling 267,000, and comprised 61.6 percent of national chief meteorological experts. Women actively participate in disaster relief operations and public education on disaster prevention and mitigation, and promote family education in relevant fields. There are 13.71 million registered women fire volunteers nationwide, representing 52.4 percent of the total. The National Natural Disaster Emergency Relief Plan put forward requirements for safeguarding the rights and interests of special groups. Through the collaborative efforts of the government and society, material guarantee for special needs, such as women's hygiene products and supplies for pregnant and postpartum women, has been strengthened.
\nV. Contributing to the Global Advancement of Women
\nChina upholds the vision of building a community with a shared future for humanity, aligns with the prevailing global trends towards peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit, and actively advances the implementation of the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, and the Global Governance Initiative. Through close cooperation with other countries, China is helping accelerate the creation of an international environment conducive to women's development and a better world for all.
\n1. Participating in Global Governance on Women's Issues
\nChina plays a leading role in implementing the spirit of the UN Fourth World Conference on Women and advances global governance on women's issues through concrete actions.
\nSupporting the central role of the United Nations. China has co-hosted the Global Leaders' Meeting on Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment with UN Women to encourage countries to fulfill their commitments and inject new momentum into the global advancement of women. At the UN Human Rights Council, China has repeatedly delivered joint statements on promoting and protecting women's rights, pushed for the adoption of relevant resolutions, and called on countries to work together to implement the Beijing Declaration and the Platform for Action. China consistently sends high-level delegations to the sessions of the UN Commission on the Status of Women and collaborates with UN organizations and agencies to conduct seminars on women's poverty reduction, the digital economy, inclusive finance, technology empowerment, and gender equality amid demographic changes, sharing China's experience in promoting women's development. Since 2015, China has donated US $20 million to UN Women and carried out practical cooperation with multiple UN specialized agencies on women's issues. In partnership with UNESCO, it has established the Prize for Girls' and Women's Education and implemented projects in Africa focusing on digital and health education for girls. Chinese women hold important positions and serve as experts in the UN system, contributing their expertise to global governance on women's issues.
\nPanel 21 China and UNESCO Jointly Established the Prize for Girls' and Women's Education
\nIn 2015, China partnered with UNESCO to establish the Prize for Girls' and Women's Education, which recognizes institutions and individuals that have made outstanding contributions to advancing education for girls and women. This is the first prize of its kind established by UNESCO. Proposed and funded by the Chinese government, it is awarded annually to two laureates, who each receive US $50,000 to further their work in girls' and women's education. As of 2024, 18 organizations and projects from 18 countries had received the award, including the Pakistan Alliance for Girls Education. This prize has provided an increasing number of girls and women with opportunities to change their lives and pursue their dreams. It has also raised greater awareness of and support for girls' and women's education among more people, thereby galvanizing concerted efforts to advance global gender equality in education.
\nFirmly fulfilling international obligations. China fulfills its obligations under international conventions such as the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, regularly submits national implementation reports, and actively participates in review processes to promote gender equality and women's development. It actively implements the Beijing Declaration and the Platform for Action, continuously improves women's living conditions and expands their development prospects, and has achieved the poverty reduction and health-related targets of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development ahead of schedule. Through these efforts, China has not only improved the lives of Chinese women, but has also offered the international community its approach to safeguarding women's human rights.
\nLeading and advancing multilateral and regional agendas for women's development. At the Third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, China proposed the Global AI Governance Initiative, emphasizing the need to avoid gender bias in AI development. The country also facilitated the adoption of the Resolution on Enhancing International Cooperation in Capacity-Building of Artificial Intelligence at the 78th session of the UN General Assembly, which underscores ensuring universal benefits from AI, enhancing digital inclusion and achieving gender equality while empowering women and girls. Since 2012, China has hosted 29 women's conferences under frameworks including APEC, G20, BRICS, Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), China-ASEAN, China-Africa, China-Arab States, China-Central Asia, and Lancang-Mekong Cooperation. Through these mechanisms, China has deeply engaged in cooperation on women's issues, focusing on topics including poverty reduction, development, employment, business startup, education empowerment, and pandemic response. These efforts have facilitated targeted experience-sharing, dialogues, and collaborative actions, enabling China to advocate actionable propositions for advancing women's comprehensive development, inclusivity, and sustainable development.
\n2. Deepening Cooperation and Exchanges to Advance Women's Development
\nChina integrates the deepening of women's development cooperation into the frameworks of high-quality Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and South-South cooperation, to jointly promote women's sustainable development.
\nAdvancing women's development in BRI participating countries. China actively promotes high-quality BRI cooperation. Initiatives such as the Silk Road E-commerce have created employment opportunities and pathways for women in these countries, and digital technology enablement program for women in ASEAN countries — alongside other related programs — have supported women in the region in seeking employment and starting businesses. For 10 consecutive years, China and partner countries have jointly hosted a series of events under the theme "Pool Women's Strength for Belt and Road Cooperation", encouraging women in these countries to become supporters, participants, contributors, and beneficiaries of the BRI.
\nSupporting women's poverty reduction and development in South-South cooperation. China supports developing countries in improving women's living conditions and development environment. It has implemented 100 maternal and child health projects and 100 happy campus projects, along with a series of small but effective public wellbeing programs focusing on housing, rural roads, and technology training to empower women and girls. Through the Global Development and South-South Cooperation Fund, China has carried out women-related projects worth nearly US $40 million across over 20 countries. Additionally, the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Special Fund has allocated RMB12 million to support women's development programs. Through foreign aid training and technical assistance, Juncao technology has helped women in 106 countries gain meaningful employment.
\nPanel 22 Juncao Technology Assistance: Empowering Women in Developing Countries to Realize Their Dreams
\nJuncao technology is a unique Chinese method for cultivating edible and medicinal fungi that uses grass as a substitute for wood. First included in China's foreign aid programs in 1994, it has since been introduced to 106 countries. In Lesotho, a compact 10-square-meter Juncao mushroom cultivation model has enabled impoverished farmers with limited land to produce 1.2 tonnes of fresh Juncao mushrooms annually from a single 10-square-meter plot. In African and Pacific Island nations, women use Juncao as livestock feed to mitigate shortages caused by climate change. Seruwaia Kabukabu from Fiji has led local women in growing Juncao mushrooms, significantly improving the living conditions of families in her community. In recognition of her work, she has been elected as chairperson of the Fiji Mushroom Farmers Association. Juncao has thus become a "grass of happiness" for people in developing countries.
\nDeepening international cooperation in women's capacity building. China continues to strengthen and expand support training programs focused on women and children in developing countries. Since 2018, it has implemented over 100 programs in this domain, including the Seminar on Promoting Maternal and Child Health Under Global Development Initiative, and the Seminar on Implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in Developing Countries — Women and Children. Additionally, China has launched degree programs in women's leadership and social development, training nearly 4,000 outstanding professionals in the field of women's development. An exchange and training base for global women's development cooperation has been established in Beijing to design tailored empowerment programs for women in developing countries. Training and exchange centers for Chinese and foreign women have been set up in collaboration with 15 countries, and through international cooperation in vocational education, the Luban Workshops have trained 5,944 female students, who account for 23.25 percent of all participants in the project.
\nSolid progress in people-to-people exchanges in the field of women's affairs. China has actively developed global partnerships and engaged in comprehensive, multi-channel friendly exchanges with women's organizations and institutions from over 140 countries. It has conducted dialogues with foreign female political leaders, spouses of heads of state, and female government ministers, organized high-level delegations for overseas visits, and pioneered new approaches to high-level women's foreign exchanges. China has deepened women's exchanges under its cultural and people-to-people exchange mechanisms with other countries, holding thematic seminars on women's entrepreneurship, economic empowerment, education, anti-domestic violence, and family culture, while strengthening cooperation in areas such as women's rights and interests, bridging the digital gender divide, and promoting women's participation in sci-tech innovation and sustainable development. The Female Diplomats' China Adventures series has been launched to share the practical experiences of Chinese women in economic development and grassroots governance, and exchange insights on promoting gender equality. China supports women's participation in cross-cultural exchanges, with women accounting for 80 percent of dispatched Chinese-language teachers and 90 percent of volunteers in international Chinese language education.
\n3. Actively Addressing Global Challenges
\nChina supports women in playing an active role in maintaining peace and security, and in addressing challenges including climate change, public health crises, and humanitarian disasters.
\nSupporting women's participation in maintaining peace and security. China has taken concrete actions to implement UN Security Council resolutions on "Women, Peace and Security", supporting women's important roles in conflict prevention, peace negotiations, and post-conflict reconstruction. In 2022, the China-UN Peace and Development Trust Fund initiated a training program for senior female talent to promote gender equality in high-level positions within UN peacekeeping operations. China has deployed over 1,200 female peacekeepers and more than 100 female police officers to UN missions, who have participated in medical support, liaison and coordination, mine clearance, patrols and observation, and efforts to advance gender equality and protect women.
\nPanel 23 Chinese Female Peacekeeping Officer Received an Honorary Certificate for UN Military Gender Advocate Award
\nThe UN Military Gender Advocate of the Year Award was established in 2016 to recognize peacekeepers who have made outstanding contributions to implementing UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security. On May 29, 2020, the International Day of UN Peacekeepers, Chinese officer Xin Yuan, a senior mine clearance staff officer at the headquarters of the UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), received an award in this category in recognition of her exceptional service, becoming the first Chinese service member to win this honor. Xin was the only female staff officer responsible for mine clearance operations in UNIFIL. She assumed significant risks by conducting surveys in minefields alongside clearance teams, developed meticulous clearance plans, and completed mine clearance tasks 34 days ahead of schedule, clearing over 1,500 square meters of minefields. Her efforts earned her special commendation from the UNIFIL headquarters.
\nEmpowering women to address climate change. China has consistently organized training programs on South-South cooperation for climate change response, implementing a gender-balanced enrollment policy. Since 2022, nearly 300 female officials, experts and scholars from developing countries engaged in climate change projects have participated in training programs in China. From 2012 to 2024, China conducted nearly 100 foreign aid training projects in meteorological monitoring, forecasting, and services, with women accounting for 36.72 percent of the trainees. It has donated 5,000 household solar photovoltaic power generation systems and 10,000 clean cooking stoves to Myanmar, reducing indoor air pollution and its associated health risks while supporting the country's low-carbon transition. The Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Special Fund supported Cambodia in implementing a project on gender mainstreaming in climate action, enhancing rural women's climate adaptability and resilience.
\nAddressing women's needs in international humanitarian assistance. In efforts to alleviate migrant and refugee crises, China has placed high priority on women and children, encouraging women to register as recipients of household assistance supplies and providing special care for pregnant and breastfeeding women. Projects in the Republic of Congo specifically target pregnant and breastfeeding women as beneficiaries, effectively reducing malnutrition rates among women and children. In 2023, China provided over 120,000 hygiene kits, valued at US $1.5 million, to Rohingya women and girls seeking refuge in Bangladesh, benefiting more than 60,000 women and girls.
\nConclusion
\nThe pursuit of gender equality is a great cause. In the new era, the spirit of self-esteem, confidence, independence and self-reliance among Chinese women is demonstrated as the Chinese people forge ahead with resolve under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. The glorious journey of women's development in China is deeply integrated into the process of achieving the Two Centenary Goals under the Party's leadership. Never before have Chinese women enjoyed such tremendous opportunities to realize their full potential and achieve their dreams, and never before has the cause of Chinese women borne witness to such broad prospects for development.
\nToday, China is working to build a great country and achieve national rejuvenation through Chinese modernization. This requires pooling the strength of hundreds of millions of women and promoting gender equality and women's well-rounded development at a higher level. Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, China will unswervingly follow the path of women's development under socialism with Chinese characteristics, adhere to the fundamental national policy of gender equality, and thoroughly implement the Outline of Women's Development in China to enhance women's overall capabilities. Through these efforts, the country will create conditions and platforms for women to participate in economic and social development, protect their legitimate rights and interests, and encourage them to stand at the forefront of the times.
\nIn today's world, promoting gender equality and women's well-rounded development presents both opportunities and significant challenges. All countries must strive to create safe and secure environments for women's survival and development, eliminate violence, discrimination and poverty, and effectively address the impact of climate change. It is essential to continuously empower women, ensuring they enjoy more and better opportunities and play more significant roles in the new revolution in science, technology and industry. We must adhere to true multilateralism, honor international obligations, and promote mutual learning and people-to-people exchanges among women worldwide. China is ready to work with countries around the world to expedite actions to create a brighter future for women's development and write a new chapter in the global progress of women.
\n\n\n\n\nContents
\nPreface
\nI. Development of China's Endeavors Concerning Women
\nII. Boosting the Well-Rounded Development of Women as a National Campaign
\nIII. Sharing in the Fruits of Modernization
\nIV. Advancing Women's Development to the Forefront of the Times
\nV. Contributing to the Global Advancement of Women
\nConclusion
\nPreface
\nThroughout history, women have played an essential role in shaping human civilization and have made immense contributions to social progress. But the paths towards gender equality and women's well-rounded development across the world have been long and arduous.
\nSince its founding in 1921, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has remained committed to women's liberation and development and gender equality. The CPC regards women as a major force for advancing all endeavors of the Party and the nation, always places the work concerning women high on its agenda, and leads women in their pursuit of liberation, progress and development. In doing so, the Party has opened a socialist path for women's development with Chinese characteristics.
\nThe 18th CPC National Congress in 2012 marked the beginning of a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics. In this new era, the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core has emphasized safeguarding women's lawful rights and interests and promoting gender equality and women's well-rounded development as integral components of Chinese modernization. Accordingly, it has made a series of major decisions and plans that are pioneering in vision, overarching in scope, and enduring in significance. Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, initiated, planned for, supported and chaired the Party's first ever Central Conference on the Party's Work with People's Organizations in 2015, attended the 11th, 12th and 13th national women's congresses in 2013, 2018 and 2023 respectively, and held talks with each newly elected leadership team of the All-China Women's Federation. He has also delivered important speeches on work related to women and children, the role of women's federations, and the significance of family ties, values and traditions, thereby identifying the direction, objectives and guidelines of China's endeavors for women in the new era.
\nUpholding gender equality, among other basic national policies, has been incorporated into the CPC's political program, and promoting women's well-rounded development has been included in the national development plan. The legal system for safeguarding women's rights and interests also continues to improve. China has developed a sound approach to its endeavors concerning women. Chinese women actively participate in government initiatives, serve as advocates of civic virtues, fight for their dreams, and excel across all professions. In the new era, China has delivered numerous historic achievements in its endeavors concerning women. The Chinese socialist path for women's development continues to expand, opening ever-broader opportunities for advancement.
\nWomen around the world have a shared future. China's endeavors concerning women are an integral part of the global cause. In 1995, China hosted the Fourth World Conference on Women, organized by the United Nations. The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action adopted at the conference has since become a milestone for global gender equality. At important occasions such as the 2015 Global Leaders' Meeting on Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment and the 2020 high-level meeting on the 25th anniversary of the Fourth World Conference on Women at the 75th session of the UN General Assembly, Xi Jinping, in his role as president of China, elaborated on China's propositions on gender equality and women's well-rounded development, and proposed holding another global leaders' meeting on women in 2025.
\nOn the occasion of the 2025 Global Leaders' Meeting on Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment, the Chinese government is publishing this white paper to present China's philosophy, principles, and innovative practices in promoting gender equality and women's well-rounded development in the new era, highlight Chinese women's outstanding achievements and contribution, and affirm China's commitment to join global endeavors for women's advancement.
\nI. Development of China's Endeavors Concerning Women
\nIn the process of Chinese modernization, based on China's realities and the trend of the times, the CPC leads Chinese women in exercising their lawful democratic rights, participating in social and economic development, and sharing the fruits of reform and development, all on the foundation of gender equality.
\n1. Upholding the CPC's Overall Leadership
\nThe CPC's leadership is the fundamental guarantee of China's work related to women. Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core has approached this work as an integral part of its broader strategic goal of achieving national rejuvenation, incorporating gender equality and women's well-rounded development into the overall architecture of Chinese socialism.
\nUpholding the fundamental national policy of gender equality and protecting the lawful rights and interests of women and children have been included into the reports to the 18th, 19th and 20th CPC national congresses, held in 2012, 2017 and 2022 respectively.
\nAt the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee in 2019, the Party called for upholding and improving the systems and mechanisms for promoting gender equality and women's well-rounded development and proposed leveraging the important role of family ties, values and traditions in community-level social governance.
\nAt the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee in 2020, upholding the national policy of gender equality and protecting the lawful rights and interests of women and children were written into the Recommendations of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for Formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035, along with the promotion of family ties, values and traditions.
\nAt the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee in 2021, the promotion of family ties, values and traditions and the protection of the rights and interests of women and children were incorporated into the Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century.
\nAt the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee in 2024, the Party incorporated improving the system for protecting the lawful rights and interests of women and children and refining the mechanisms for leveraging the role of family ties, values and traditions in community-level social governance into the overall plan for deeper comprehensive reform.
\nThis evolution in policy-making has ensured that China's endeavors concerning women have progressed smoothly under the CPC's overall leadership.
\n2. Implementing the Fundamental National Policy of Gender Equality
\nHighlighting gender equality as a basic national policy is an innovative practice of the Chinese socialist system and a momentous decision for advancing this cause and women's well-rounded development.
\nChina has improved top-level design and systematic planning accordingly. In formulating laws and policies and making plans and arrangements, the country has taken into full consideration the differences between women and men and the distinctive interests of women. It has promoted gender equality in rights, opportunities and outcomes, safeguarding women's rights and interests in accordance with the law.
\nChina is committed to cultivating a social ethos of respect and care for women, eliminating all forms of discrimination against them, and discarding obsolete ideas and practices that hinder their development. This more inclusive and dynamic social environment has allowed gender equality to truly become a shared social norm and part of the value system.
\n3. Synergizing Women's Development with Social and Economic Progress
\nDevelopment cannot be achieved without women, and its fruits should be shared by all. In this spirit, China has integrated the advancement of gender equality into its broader development process.
\nWomen's development has been incorporated into the Five-sphere Integrated Plan, which promotes coordinated progress in the economic, political, cultural, social and eco-environmental fields. Goals and tasks for women's development have also been embedded in the five-year plans for national economic and social development. The level of women's development is regarded as an essential measurement for social and economic development. With these efforts, China has synergized its endeavors for women with its social and economic progress in terms of planning and implementation, ensuring that modernization brings greater benefits to women in a fairer way, enabling them to enjoy a growing, guaranteed and sustained sense of gain, fulfillment and security.
\n4. Fully Leveraging Women's Proactive Role in National Development
\nWomen constitute a powerful force driving human progress, while at the same time shaping and determining their own futures. Upholding a people-centered philosophy of development, China respects the agency of women and has strengthened relevant institutional safeguards, policy support, and public service supply for their development.
\nChina has carried out programs encouraging women to strive for achievements, which seek to enhance women's overall capabilities, broaden channels for their participation in national development, and fully stimulate their enthusiasm, initiative and creativity, with an ultimate goal of realizing, safeguarding and improving women's vital and immediate interests to the maximum extent.
\nThe country encourages women to integrate their personal aspirations with the undertakings of the Party and the country, and to leverage their individual strengths in implementing the new development philosophy, fostering a new development dynamic, promoting high-quality development, achieving greater strength and self-reliance in science and technology, and advancing rural revitalization across the board. Utilizing their distinctive role in society and family, women are called upon to contribute considerably to the building of China into a great country and the realization of national rejuvenation.
\n5. Joining Global Women in Building a Bright Shared Future
\nHumanity lives in one homeland, and women around the world have a shared future. China upholds the concept of a community with a shared future for humanity, and facilitates the implementation of the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, and the Global Governance Initiative. It advocates putting the people first, stays committed to results-oriented actions, and contributes Chinese initiatives, solutions and actions to global endeavors for women.
\nChina supports the United Nations in prioritizing women's development, promotes cooperation with the rest of the world in relevant fields, and builds international consensus on gender equality through extensive exchanges and mutual learning. Together with all other countries, China works to shape a global environment conducive to women's development, to safeguard international fairness and justice, and to make its due contribution to moving the world to a bright future of peace, security, prosperity and progress.
\nII. Boosting the Well-Rounded Development of Women as a National Campaign
\nWomen's cause is an integral part of state governance. To advance this cause, China has continued to strengthen institutional support and safeguards, fostering the necessary conditions and environment for the comprehensive development of women.
\n1. Improving the Framework for Advancing Women's Cause
\nChina has established a mechanism for the work related to women, under which Party committees exercise leadership, governments assume primary responsibility, working committees on children and women play a coordinating role, women's federations work in collaboration, relevant departments provide support, and the whole of society participates. These concerted efforts have ensured that gender equality is upheld in all areas of economic and social development and all aspects of social life.
\nThe people's congresses have strengthened legislation and supervision. The National People's Congress (NPC) has established the Social Development Affairs Committee to undertake legislation, conduct supervision, and handle proposals and suggestions from NPC deputies concerning the protection of women's rights and interests. It attaches importance to incorporating legal initiatives for promoting women's development and safeguarding women's rights and interests into the legislative plans of its Standing Committee, and to soliciting opinions and accepting feasible proposals from women's federations and women themselves during legislative review and legal supervision.
\nAdditionally, the NPC hears and reviews the State Council's report on combating domestic violence, identifies the protection of female employees' lawful and special rights and interests as an important component of enforcement inspections of the Trade Union Law, and urges relevant departments to perform their statutory duties in protecting women's rights and interests. The people's congresses of 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government have also set up social development affairs committees to formulate local regulations to supplement national laws, thereby strengthening legal safeguards for women's rights and interests.
\nThe Chinese People's Government has effectively fulfilled its primary responsibility. The government has formulated and organized the implementation of outlines for women's development, and convened meetings on work related to children and women. The working committees on children and women have played their role as deliberative and coordinating bodies, and Party institutions, government departments, judicial authorities, and people's organizations have fulfilled their responsibilities in work related to women. The government has strengthened the statistics monitoring mechanism for the outlines for the development of women in China and established a gender statistics monitoring system covering over 2,400 indicators. Furthermore, gender has been incorporated as a key metric into national censuses and time-use surveys, and the fourth Survey on Social Status of Women in China has been conducted to assess women's development across multiple dimensions.
\nThe Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) has strengthened its role in conducting consultations and offering suggestions. CPPCC committees at all levels perform their duties in political consultation, democratic supervision, and participation in the deliberation and administration of state affairs. They conduct consultations on women's issues through a variety of channels and platforms, including subject-specific, sector-specific and proposal handling consultations, as well as consultative meetings with relevant departments. As one of the 34 sectors defined by the CPPCC, women's federations conduct research and consultations on key issues and major challenges in women's development, such as the protection of women's reproductive and health rights and interests. The National Committee of the CPPCC has conducted consultations and made suggestions to support women's development, addressing issues including fair employment and career development, the strengthening of family ties, values, and traditions, and universal access to childcare services.
\nWomen's federations have served as bridges for connection and communication. The All-China Women's Federation (ACWF) is a people's organization of women of all ethnic groups and from all sectors of society in China. It unites women for further emancipation and development under the leadership of the CPC. The ACWF has established an organizational system of women's federations at the national, provincial, prefectural, county, township and village levels, covering government departments, public institutions, new types of economic entities and social organizations, and groups in new forms of employment.
\nWomen's federations at all levels have served as bridges linking the Party and the government with women, and as assistants to the Party. While supporting major national development strategies, they have performed their functions of guiding, serving, and engaging with women, and launched five key initiatives: providing women with political guidance; encouraging them to excel in the workplace; providing guidance and support in family education, family services, and the cultivation of family virtues; offering support for women's rights protection; and improving the problem-solving capability of women's federations and their staff's professional competence.
\nIn addition, women's federations have mobilized resources to support women's development through six practical measures: supporting female volunteers who provide care for children in need; growing the scale and quality of female-dominated family services; improving vocational training for women; developing a system of childcare services that is accessible to all; advancing the Dream of the Future action of the Spring Bud Project to help underprivileged schoolgirls; and telling engaging stories about the development of Chinese women. Through these initiatives, they have delivered accessible services and tangible benefits to women, children and families.
\n2. Setting Objectives and Tasks for Women's Development with Overall Planning
\nChina's national development plans have clarified the strategic tasks for women's development. Five-year plans are blueprints and guides of action for China's economic and social development during their designated time frames. The government has incorporated objectives for women's development into these plans for meeting its strategic goal of modernization.
\nThe 12th Five-year Plan (2011-2015) for the first time included a section dedicated specifically to advancing women's all-round development. It also set requirements for developing human resources with a focus on women, strengthening labor protection for women, and resolutely combating violence and crimes against women. The 13th Five-year Plan (2016-2020) further strengthened the protection of women's rights and interests and for the first time devoted a separate chapter to ensuring women's rights and equal access to education, employment, and participation in social affairs, and eliminating discrimination and prejudice against women. It also set the targets for poverty alleviation and reduction among women. The 14th Five-year Plan (2021-2025) outlines further measures to safeguard women's rights and interests in areas including health, education, employment, participation in state governance, and social security. For the first time, it contains a section specifically dedicated to the strengthening of family development which focuses on improving the supporting policies and services for this goal.
\nSpecial plans in related fields have been made to address women's practical development needs. Plans for improving people's wellbeing — including the Outline of Healthy China 2030, the Outline of the Development Plan for Education (2024-2035), and the special plans for boosting employment and the development of civil affairs undertakings during the 14th Five-year Plan period — have put forward policies and measures to improve the health of women and children, safeguard women's equal rights to education, support women's employment, entrepreneurship, and career development, and improve care and services for rural women who stay behind to care for families while their husbands work in cities.
\nThe National Medium — and Long-term Talent Development Plan (2010-2020) has outlined arrangements to promote gender balance in the talent pool and strengthen the training and selection of female talent. The National Action Plan for Scientific Literacy (2021-2035) has made specific arrangements to improve the scientific literacy of rural women. The National Human Rights Action Plan, in all four phases, includes a section on the measures for safeguarding women's rights and interests, covering personal, property, education, employment and health rights.
\nOutlines for women's development have laid out phased targets. Since 1995, China has formulated and implemented four outlines for women's development, each outlining the primary objectives, strategies, and measures for women's development in its corresponding phase.
\nThe Outline of Women's Development in China (2021-2030) contains 75 primary objectives and 93 strategic measures across eight fields: health, education, economy, participation in decision-making and administration, social security, family development, environment, and the legal sector. The document also outlines the 41 Party and government departments and institutions responsible for implementing these strategic measures.
\nNationwide, 31 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government, and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, along with over 300 prefectures and cities and more than 2,000 counties and districts, have formulated plans for local women's development based on their actual conditions. The objectives and tasks set in the Outline dovetail with national development plans, align with sector-specific plans, and are integrated across the national, provincial, city and county levels. A comprehensive planning system for advancing women's development is now firmly in place.
\n3. Strengthening Legal Guarantee for Women's Rights and Interests
\nContinuing to improve the legal system. Legal protection of women's rights and interests is an integral part of advancing law-based governance. China has established a legal system anchored in the Constitution and centered on the Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests, covering over 100 laws and regulations.
\nThe Civil Code was compiled, which includes a Personality Rights section that clarifies the definition of sexual harassment and the responsibilities of employers. Its Marriage and Family section improves mechanisms for the identification and settlement of marital debts, and economic compensation for unpaid domestic work in divorce proceedings.
\nThe Criminal Law has been revised to abolish the crime of "prostitution involving underage girls" and punish such acts as rape, raise the statutory minimum penalty for the crime of child molestation, and introduce harsher punishments for the crime of purchasing abducted and trafficked women. Additionally, the crime of sexual assault by a person with a duty of care has been added to the Criminal Law.
\nThe amended Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests has made more comprehensive and systematic provisions on the system and mechanism for protecting women's rights and interests. China has also formulated the Anti-Domestic Violence Law and created systems of compulsory reporting, admonition, personal safety protection order, and emergent protection.
\nThe revised Law on Land Contract in Rural Areas has improved the legal guarantees for rural women's land rights and interests, ensuring their rightful entitlement to land and corresponding rights. The Law on Rural Collective Economic Organizations has been formulated to provide institutional safeguards ensuring that women do not lose their membership, rights and interests in such organizations due to changes in marital status.
\nIn addition, the Legal Aid Law, the Law on Basic Medical and Health Care and the Promotion of Health, and the Population and Family Planning Law all have provisions for safeguarding women's rights and interests.
\nA gender equality review mechanism has been established at the national level and across all 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government. This mechanism conducts assessments of laws and regulations related to women's rights and interests, ensuring that the fundamental national policy of gender equality is implemented in laws and regulations at the source.
\nPanel 1 Revisions to the Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests
\nThe Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests was promulgated in 1992, amended in 2005 and 2018, and thoroughly revised in 2022, expanding from 61 articles in nine chapters to 86 articles in ten chapters with the revision.
\nThe Law fully embodies the fundamental national policy of gender equality and has strengthened the comprehensive protection of women's political rights, personal and personality rights and interests, and their rights and interests in culture, education, employment, social security, property, marriage, and family. It has added new provisions on the mechanism for safeguarding women's rights and interests, the mechanism for gender equality assessment of laws and regulations, the system for collecting and publishing gender statistics, and education on gender equality as a basic national policy. It has established legal aid channels, including a public-interest litigation system for safeguarding women's rights and interests, a mechanism for admonishing violators of women's rights and interests in employment and social security, and a nationwide service hotline for protecting women's rights.
\nOverall, the Law has strengthened legal liabilities and reinforced its rigidity.
\nStrengthening law enforcement and judicial protection. China has taken resolute actions to combat criminal and illegal acts that infringe upon women's and girls' personal rights. Since 2013, public security agencies have continued to carry out special operations targeting the abduction and trafficking of women and children. By 2024, the number of such cases had decreased by 95 percent compared with 2013.
\nChina has established an inter-departmental cooperation and consultation mechanism against domestic violence, issued guidelines on the implementation of admonitions against domestic violence and personal protection orders, and promulgated judicial interpretations clarifying specific interventions and prevention measures, and forms of evidence for identifying domestic violence.
\nThe systems and measures for preventing and addressing workplace sexual harassment have been improved, with the addition of "dispute over liability for damages caused by sexual harassment" as an independent cause of action. To strengthen the protection of the personal rights and interests of girls, China has established a compulsory reporting system for cases of offenses against minors, as well as mechanisms for urging parental care and supervision over minors, for preventing violators from engaging in certain occupations, and for providing one-stop judicial support.
\nProcuratorates at all levels have registered and handled 3,810 public-interest cases concerning women's rights and interests. Since 2012, legal aid institutions across China have provided legal assistance for women involved in over 4.2 million cases, and free legal consultations for over 20 million women.
\nRaising public awareness of the rule of law. China continued to formulate and implement the seventh and eighth five-year plans for popularizing legal knowledge, both of which include laws and regulations on protecting women's lawful rights and interests. The country has strengthened law promotion and interpretation efforts, and the NPC Standing Committee has organized press conferences to expound on the principles in formulating and revising the Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests and the Anti-Domestic Violence Law, and share their highlights.
\nEfforts have been made to raise public legal awareness through multiple channels and approaches. Since 2012, articles on protecting women's rights and interests published through the official WeChat account for law popularization have been viewed 91.36 million times, and the annual legal knowledge competition has attracted tens of millions of participants. The All-China Federation of Trade Unions has organized legal awareness activities for female employees for 11 consecutive years, and women's federations at all levels across China have held more than 3.76 million events to raise legal awareness and provide legal services since 2016, with the participation of over 400 million women.
\nIn 2024, courts and procuratorates across the country, in conjunction with women's federations, organized more than 4,200 open day events on safeguarding the rights and interests of women and children and released over 3,800 typical cases. A legal education program for rural women reached more than 86 percent of China's rural areas.
\n4. Creating an Equal and Harmonious Social Environment
\nVigorously promoting the fundamental national policy of gender equality. China has carried out targeted public education on gender equality across multiple dimensions and through multiple channels, promoting this basic national policy in government departments, schools, enterprises, urban and rural communities, and families.
\nFor Party and government leaders, the Implementation of Gender Equality as a Basic National Policy has been compiled as a coursebook and incorporated into the curriculum and teaching plans of Party schools. For students, education on gender equality has been promoted in elementary and high schools, as well as in universities, and integrated into textbook planning and regulatory standards, and guides for related courses. Gender balance is emphasized in textbook illustrations, and excellent female writers have seen greater representation in textbooks, to eliminate gender stereotypes in teaching materials.
\nFor the general public, gender equality has been incorporated into cultural and ethical development in both urban and rural communities, into self-regulations and rules for their residents, and into efforts to cultivate good family ties, values, and traditions. Party members and officials, experts, scholars, and those who work in women's affairs have given talks and lectures, and engaged in public communication on gender equality in approachable and popular forms, enabling the public to understand this basic national policy and apply it in their daily lives.
\nPanel 2 Guangdong Promoting Gender Equality Education in Elementary and High Schools
\nSince 2012, Guangdong Province has promoted gender equality education in schools. Targeting students in urban elementary and high schools, three types of courses have been developed, with a focus on cognitive understanding, behavioral norms and attitudinal guidance. These are themed courses on gender equality, integrated courses that incorporate ideas of gender equality into related subjects, and practical courses that engage students in all types of activities. Targeting students in rural elementary and high schools, courses have been developed for students in different grades with a focus on care for left-behind children, physical development during puberty, and prevention of sexual assault among adolescents.
\nBy the first half of 2025, Guangdong had established 661 demonstration elementary and high schools for gender equality education, with a professional teaching staff of over 1,500 members. Assessment results indicate that education on gender equality has generated a positive effect on both male and female students, raising their gender equality awareness, promoting physical and mental health, improving academic performance, and reducing bullying and disciplinary violations.
\nStrengthening the awareness of gender equality in the media. The Advertising Law and other relevant laws, as well as the Outline of Women's Development in China, all stipulate regulations regarding gender equality assessment and supervision in the media, prohibiting reports or advertisements with contents that disparage, undermine, or infringe upon women's dignity.
\nGender equality reviews have been conducted throughout the script development, production, screening, and distribution of films and TV programs. News outlets have issued lists of prohibited and offensive terms to eliminate discriminatory expressions in news reports. Media organizations have implemented a social responsibility reporting system and upheld the professional ethic of safeguarding the lawful rights and interests of women, children, the elderly, and the disabled and protecting their physical and mental health.
\nThe stories of women role models have been told through media coverage, special releases and events in recognition of their contribution, showcasing patriotism, devotion to the people, perseverance and progress in the face of challenges, and commitment to virtue and good deeds. Gender equality has now become a widely accepted social norm.
\nCreating a clean cyberspace. China has issued judicial interpretations, released exemplary cases, and carried out special operations to combat fraud, abduction, trafficking, rape, and other crimes against women and children committed or facilitated through online channels. Offenses that infringe upon women's personality rights, such as the illegal disclosure of personal information, defamation, and malicious online abuse, are strictly punished. Online platforms have taken on greater responsibility by addressing illegal and inappropriate content, including removing articles and short videos that advocate a preference for sons over daughters or exaggerate family disputes.
\nChina has increased the supply of high-quality online content. Special campaigns have been launched to introduce new media products showcasing women in the new era and their commitment to the country, such as the theme song Blooms of China, the women's federation promotional video Together, and the family values promotional video I Love My Family. These products have reached hundreds of millions of women and families, and facilitated new progress in providing theoretical and political guidance to women.
\nEfforts have also been made to improve the digital literacy of the general public, foster responsible internet usage among women, tell engaging stories of China and Chinese women, spread mainstream values, and promote positive energy online.
\nIII. Sharing in the Fruits of Modernization
\nEradicating poverty, improving living standards, and achieving common prosperity are essential tasks of socialism. China has made continuous efforts to ensure people's access to childcare, education, employment, medical services, eldercare, housing, and social assistance, meeting women's expectation for a better life.
\n1. Elimination of Absolute Poverty
\nChina has organized the largest and most intensive poverty alleviation campaign in human history, benefiting the greatest number of people. By the end of 2020, it had successfully eliminated absolute poverty throughout the country, meeting the poverty reduction target of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 10 years ahead of schedule. On this epic journey of poverty reduction, China has honored its solemn commitment that no one should be left behind, specifically targeting women as a key group to widen their path towards prosperity.
\nTaking targeted measures to guarantee basic living needs. China has adopted a targeted strategy in poverty alleviation. Under this framework, it maintains detailed records on the distribution of impoverished populations, the underlying causes of poverty, the specific categories of poverty, and the expectations of the poor. This approach guarantees the implementation of targeted efforts in six areas: identification of those in need, project arrangement, capital utilization, the introduction of household-specific measures, the dispatch of officials to villages based on local conditions, and the achievement of set goals. As a result, women, who comprise approximately half of the impoverished population, have benefited from targeted resource allocation.
\nThe Health Program for Poverty Alleviation and its health promotion campaigns have guaranteed access to basic medical and health services for impoverished rural women.
\nThrough education initiatives for poverty alleviation, compulsory education in impoverished areas has been steadily improved, ensuring that no school-age girls from poor families drop out of school due to poverty.
\nSocial security systems have been strengthened to ensure eligible women on the list of the registered poor receive subsistence allowances or assistance and support for the extremely poor.
\nRenovation of dilapidated houses in rural areas, particularly in severely impoverished areas, has been subsidized by the government. Relocation projects have helped over 9.6 million people, who originally lived in inhospitable areas, to emerge from poverty and seek development.
\nThe basic food and clothing needs of impoverished women have been guaranteed, and their access to compulsory education, basic medical services, and safe housing has been ensured.
\nAfter winning the battle against absolute poverty, the country initiated a five-year transition period during which poverty alleviation support policies remained in effect to buttress areas and populations that had recently emerged from poverty. Based on the stable operation of such policies, a robust dynamic monitoring and assistance mechanism has been established to prevent any relapse into or occurrence of poverty, and support remains in place for women lifted out of poverty and those in low-income areas to participate in the local economy, seek more employment opportunities, and increase incomes.
\nBoosting the economy to create job opportunities for women and raise their income. China is committed to the policy of development-driven poverty alleviation to empower impoverished women.
\nIt has strengthened industrial support by facilitating the gradient transfer of labor-intensive industries such as food processing and clothing manufacturing, benefitting 98.9 percent of poor households. By advancing east-west cooperation in labor services, setting up poverty alleviation workshops, and creating public-interest rural jobs, the country has provided job opportunities for poor women with the will and ability to work. In its efforts to alleviate poverty, China has leveraged new forms of business and industries such as e-commerce programs, photovoltaic technology, and tourism to help impoverished women find good jobs within their local communities. In ethnic minority areas, the transition of the hand-knitting business from a purely traditional craft to a driver of the local economy has transformed the lives of the women embroidery artisans in the Miao and Yi communities.
\nChina has increased fiscal and financial support. In the critical battle against poverty, special supportive polices such as offering subsidized loans requiring no collateral or guarantee and tax reductions or exemptions were introduced. Cumulatively, over RMB450 billion in guaranteed microloans and poverty alleviation microcredit were disbursed to women in need, and 8.7 million impoverished women saw their income increased through entrepreneurship. From 2021 to 2024, the country sustained a flow of microcredit designated for people recently lifted out of poverty, of which RMB76.83 billion were offered to nearly 1.93 million women.
\nEfforts in skills training have been strengthened, with training courses on vocational skills, entrepreneurship, and practical agricultural technology being held through multiple channels, at multiple levels, and in multiple forms. As of 2020, training programs had been organized for a total of 10.21 million impoverished women and female technicians. From 2023 to 2024, the Rain and Dew Program sponsored 632,000 women to receive vocational education, allowing them to continue their march out of poverty.
\nPanel 3 Poverty Alleviation Workshops for Women Help Women Find Jobs and Emerge from Poverty
\nPoverty Alleviation Workshops for Women constitute a targeted model that helps boost employment and incomes among impoverished women. The Guidelines on the Three-Year Action Plan for Winning the Battle Against Poverty issued by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council required the establishment of poverty alleviation workshops to employ people from poor households near their homes. In line with this document, governments in poor regions adopted measures such as employment subsidies, workspace rental subsidies, and credit assistance to encourage enterprises to establish poverty alleviation workshops for women in poor rural communities, helping them find work in fields such as agricultural products processing and handicrafts weaving. By providing employment opportunities close to home, local governments and enterprises have enabled women to balance earning an additional income with their farming and family duties. During the critical battle against poverty, more than 10,000 such workshops for women have been established nationwide, helping women in need find secure employment in their local areas.
\nIncreasing input to break the bottlenecks constraining women's development. China has advanced infrastructure development, fundamentally solving many of the issues impeding women's development in impoverished areas, such as insufficient access to transport, electricity, water and communications. Where conditions permit, all towns, townships, and administrative villages have been connected to paved roads and provided with bus and postal services. Full coverage of reliable power supply has been largely realized in rural areas. All counties have access to gigabit internet, all townships to 5G services, and all villages to broadband connections. By the end of 2024, 94 percent of the rural population had enjoyed access to tap water.
\nPanel 4 Female National Models for Poverty Alleviation
\nWomen fully performed their role as "half the sky" in the critical battle against poverty. Among the 10 individuals honored as national models for poverty alleviation by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council in 2021, five were women. They include Bai Jingying, who led 26,000 women in shaking off poverty through a new trail — working in the Mongolian broidery industry; Zhang Guimei, who leveraged her expertise in education to found China's first free senior high school for girls, helping more than 2,000 girls from impoverished mountainous areas reach university; Huang Wenxiu, a poverty alleviation official and a resident first Party secretary, and Zhang Xiaojuan, a vice director of a county-level poverty alleviation office, both of whom sacrificed their young lives for poverty elimination while working at the grassroots level to help residents solve difficulties; and Xia Sen, who donated her savings of RMB2,032,000 accumulated through a lifetime of work and frugality to improve schools in poverty-stricken rural areas, including through the provision of grants that have gone on to help 182 students from poor households enroll in university.
\n2. Notable Improvement in Health
\nPrioritizing people's health in its development strategy, China makes all-out efforts to build a healthy China, with women's and children's health the cornerstone of this work. By consolidating and improving institutional arrangements and optimizing resource allocation, the country provides women with full life-circle health services.
\nContinuous improvement of the maternal and child healthcare system. China has integrated its maternal and child healthcare network into its national medical and healthcare framework that covers its 1.4 billion people. A service system for maternal and child healthcare has been built, with maternal and child healthcare institutions as the core, community-level medical and healthcare institutions as the foundation, and medium and large hospitals and research institutes as the pillars.
\nFrom 2012 to 2023, the number of health professionals at maternal and child healthcare institutions increased from 277,000 to 537,000, with an annual growth rate of over 6 percent; the actual number of beds rose from 187,000 to 295,000, up by nearly 60 percent. At present, China has 3,081 maternal and child healthcare institutions, 3,491 treatment centers for high-risk and critically ill pregnant and postpartum women, and 3,221 treatment centers for critically ill neonates. More than 2,600 traditional Chinese medicine hospitals at Grade II and above have gynecological departments.
\nThe "internet plus maternal and child healthcare" service model has been developed, and training sessions and guidance for treating pregnant and postpartum women in severe and critical conditions have been provided through 31 provincial-level "cloud-based maternal and child healthcare" telemedicine platforms, making maternal and child healthcare services much more equitable.
\nPanel 5 Five Mechanisms for Maternal and Neonatal Safety Safeguarding the Health of Pregnant and Postpartum Women and Newborns
\nThe five mechanisms for maternal and neonatal safety covers pregnancy risk screening and evaluation, targeted management of high-risk pregnant and postpartum women, emergency treatment of critical and severe cases, maternal mortality case reporting, and admonition of underperforming healthcare providers. Based on the severity of pregnancy risks, pregnant and postpartum women are classified into one of five categories and each is assigned a label: green for low risk, yellow for common risk, orange for relatively high risk, red for high risk, or purple for carrying an infectious disease. Their treatment is then managed according to their category. This general system is supported by a nationwide, tiered network for treating pregnant and postpartum women and neonates in severe and critical conditions, which features coordination between different levels, highly efficient response, and orderly operation. It closely monitors key high-risk groups and strengthens the emergency treatment of critical and severe cases, thereby ensuring the safety of mothers and newborns.
\nBreakthroughs in solving key issues in women's health. China has strengthened its resource coordination to integrate the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B into major public health service programs. In 2024, the rate of mother-to-child HIV transmission in China fell to 1.2 percent, meeting the targets for eliminating mother-to-child HIV transmission.
\nChina has promoted the comprehensive prevention and treatment of cervical cancer and breast cancer. Between 2009 and 2024, 342 million free screenings for cervical cancer and 245 million free screenings for breast cancer were carried out nationwide, and between 2012 and 2024, the central government allocated RMB3.01 billion for treatment and support for women with these forms of cancer. HPV vaccination has been incorporated into the government's public welfare initiatives in 18 provinces as of June 2025, benefiting 5 million girls of eligible age annually through free vaccination programs.
\nA group of specialty branches and outpatient departments focusing on women's healthcare have been established, covering the entire process of childbearing and women's full life cycle.
\nA reproductive health promotion campaign has been carried out. By the end of 2024, youth health education services had been provided in more than 10,000 elementary and high schools and more than 1,000 higher education institutions across the country.
\nThe campaign to raise national health awareness, the initiative to build healthy families, the Healthy China: Mother's Action, and other initiatives have been rolled out to guide women to lead their family members and the wider society in raising health awareness and health management capacity.
\nRemarkable improvement in women's health. In 2020, the average life expectancy of women in China rose to 80.9 years.
\nSince 2012, the national hospital delivery rate has remained above 99 percent, and in 2024, the systematic maternal management rate reached 94.9 percent. The maternal mortality rate has dropped by 76.9 percent, from 61.9 per 100,000 in 1995 to 14.3 per 100,000 in 2024 — far below the global average.
\nIn terms of core maternal and child health indicators, namely maternal, infant, and under-five mortality rates, China ranks among the top in global upper-middle-income countries. It has met the relevant targets of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development ahead of schedule and has been recognized by the World Health Organization as one of the 10 high performing countries in maternal and child health outcomes.
\n3. Substantial Increase in Women's Education Level
\nIn building up its strength in education and coordinating integrated reforms of educational, sci-tech and talent systems and mechanisms, China has made tremendous efforts to ensure women's equitable access to education of all categories and levels, raise women's scientific literacy and promote life-long education for them. As a result, women's right to education has been effectively guaranteed.
\nGender divide in basic education has been largely eliminated. China has implemented four consecutive preschool education action plans. In 2024, girls accounted for 47.3 percent of children in kindergartens, totaling 16.94 million.
\nPanel 6 The Spring Bud Project Helps Girls from Impoverished Families Realize Their Dreams Through Schooling
\nThe Spring Bud Project is a public welfare project launched by the China Children and Teenagers' Fund in 1989 to help out-of-school girls from poverty-stricken areas return to school and improve their access to education. In 2019, Prof. Peng Liyuan, special envoy for girls' education under the Spring Bud Project, launched the Dream of the Future action of the Spring Bud Project. By carrying out education in health, digital technology, science and technology, music, and other areas, this initiative helps girls from poor households pursue well-rounded development. By the end of 2024, the project had raised RMB3.44 billion of non-governmental funds, providing 4.36 million instances of education assistance and more than 200,000 cases of one-to-one growth support and tailored psychological counseling for girls. This enabled girls to enjoy a more equitable and inclusive education of higher quality. In 2023, the Spring Bud Project won the UNESCO Prize for Girls' and Women's Education. In 2024, it was designated as one of the best cases in the Fifth Call of Global Solicitation on Best Poverty Reduction Practices.
\nChina promotes the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education, and has accelerated efforts to narrow the educational gaps between regions, schools, groups, and between urban and rural areas. The net elementary education enrollment rate of school-age girls stays above 99.9 percent, and in 2024, girls made up 46.98 percent of students of nine-year compulsory education.
\nThe Plan to Popularize Senior High School Education (2017-2020) and the Action Plan to Develop County-level Senior High Schools During the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) Period have been implemented nationwide, and the proportion of girls among the senior high school population is continuing to rise, standing at 49.3 percent in 2024.
\nA rough balance between male and female students in higher education has been achieved. China has made sustained efforts to develop the world's largest higher education system, cement and advance accessibility in higher education, and ensure gender equality in the enrollment of regular institutions of higher learning. In 2024, female students in these institutions made up 50.76 percent of the total, 14.15 percentage points higher than in 1995. Among them, female graduate students accounted for 50.01 percent, an increase of 22.43 percentage points from 1995.
\nWomen enjoy higher-quality vocational education and life-long education. China has speeded up its efforts to build a modern vocational education system and offers assistance to eligible students in the form of tuition exemptions, scholarships, grants, and student loans. As a result, women are enjoying more and better access to high-quality vocational education. In 2024, female students accounted for 47.9 percent of higher vocational school students at the undergraduate and junior college levels, and 45.2 percent of secondary vocational school students.
\nThe women's life-long learning system has become more open and flexible, with the establishment of the national smart education platform for life-long education offering a more convenient and accessible channel that meets women's diverse learning needs. The number of women receiving adult education continues to rise steadily year on year, and in 2024, female students at adult education institutions at the undergraduate and junior college levels numbered 5.13 million, 54 percent of the total, representing an increase of 1.96 million compared to 2012. In 2020, the average length of schooling for female citizens at or above the age of 15 reached 9.59 years.
\nWomen's scientific literacy is on the rise. The Chinese government has promulgated the Outline of the Action Plan for Improving Scientific Literacy for All (2021-2035), which covers raising women's scientific literacy.
\nIt has issued the Guidelines for Science Education in Elementary and High Schools, improved the curriculum, textbooks, experimental teaching, teachers' training, and extra-curricular activity programs of these schools, and enhanced the coordination and transformation of science education resources.
\nTo inspire and cultivate female students' interests in science, public-interest programs aimed at female students have been rolled out, including the Science Lovers Program for Female College Students, Science Empowering Girls, Spring Bud InnoGirls Program, STEM Girls, and Her Science.
\nA program for raising the capabilities of female employees has also been implemented, and, in particular, efforts have been made to help them improve digital skills.
\nThanks to these initiatives and more, the gender gap in scientific literacy is continuing to narrow. The female sci-tech talent pool continues to expand in scale, improve in structure, and grow in capability, with female scientists now regularly making outstanding contributions in various fields, including basic theory, applied technology, and engineering. In 2024, female R&D professionals numbered 2.85 million, representing an increase of 1.69 million from that in 2012.
\nPanel 7 STEM Girls Program Kindles Girls' Science Dream
\nIn 2018, the China Women's Development Foundation established the public-interest program of STEM Girls for female high school students aged 12-16 to inspire their enthusiasm and interest in STEM subjects. Through open recruitment and online courses, the program selects outstanding female high school students and sends them to universities and research institutions, including Tsinghua University, Tongji University, the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In the study camps at these institutions, girls can engage in exploration and learning in mechanical engineering, energy sources in architecture, eco-environment, biophysics, and other STEM subjects. They conduct visits, research, and hands-on experiments, form innovative plans, and work for their application. In the seven years since its launch, the program has covered more than 100 high schools in 24 provincial-level administrative units, training more than 8,200 students and helping them embark on a journey of scientific exploration and move forward in steady steps.
\n4. Continuous Improvement in Social Security
\nChina has established the world's largest social security system. Built on the principle of ensuring universal coverage for all eligible individuals, the system aims to narrow urban-rural disparities, improve social security policies for key groups, strengthen support for women in difficulty, and steadily raise benefit levels. As a result of this system, women now enjoy more comprehensive, reliable and equitable social security.
\nMedical and old-age insurance systems achieved full coverage. China's healthcare security system has been continuously improved, supported by increased government subsidies for individual contributions to basic medical insurance among rural and non-working urban residents.
\nIn 2024, 651 million women were covered by basic medical insurance, accounting for 49.1 percent of all participants. Additionally, 260 million women were covered by basic pension insurance for rural and non-working urban residents, representing 48 percent of all enrollees, while 260 million women participated in the basic pension scheme for urban employees, constituting 48.2 percent of the total.
\nMore women are protected against unemployment and work-related injuries. Efforts have been made to safeguard employees' employment security, occupational safety, and health protections. By the end of 2024, approximately 105 million women were enrolled in unemployment insurance, accounting for 42.7 percent of all participants and reflecting a 70 percent increase since 2012. Additionally, about 117 million women were covered by work-related injury insurance, comprising 38.6 percent of all enrollees, and reflecting a 60 percent increase since 2012.
\nSpecific measures have been introduced to ensure that workers in new forms of employment receive effective assistance and compensation in case of occupational injuries. Real-time settlement of medical expenses for work-related injuries incurred outside the provincial-level unit where the patient is insured has been fully implemented, protecting the rights and interests of female workers and better meeting their healthcare needs.
\nMaternity protection for women has improved significantly. The integrated implementation of maternity insurance and basic medical insurance for employees has been fully advanced, and continuous efforts have been made to expand employer participation in maternity insurance and to gradually extend its coverage. Regions with the necessary conditions have been guided to include flexibly employed people in maternity insurance. For unemployed women, the unemployment insurance fund pay their maternity insurance contributions on their behalf during their period of unemployment benefit eligibility, while non-working women are covered for maternity medical benefits through their participation in the basic medical insurance scheme for rural and non-working urban residents. By the end of 2024, 111 million women were covered by maternity insurance. All 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government, as well as the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, have included eligible assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in their medical insurance schemes.
\nSocial security for women in need is further strengthened. Subsistence allowance standards have continued to rise, with the national average urban and rural subsistence allowance standards in 2024 140 percent and 240 percent higher than those of 2012, respectively.
\nFinancial assistance or premium payments are provided for women from eligible disadvantaged groups, such as those receiving subsistence allowances or classified as extremely impoverished individuals, to participate in basic medical and pension insurance schemes for rural and non-working urban residents.
\nA comprehensive system of living subsidies for persons with disabilities facing financial difficulties and nursing subsidies for those with severe disabilities has been established. In 2024, about 9.40 million women received these subsidies, accounting for 46 percent of all recipients.
\nTargeted assistance and support initiatives have been implemented for rural stay-behind women in difficult circumstances, including efforts to establish records, ensure basic living standards, promote employment and income generation, and enrich cultural lives.
\n5. Improved Family Lives
\nChina places emphasis on fostering family culture, values, and traditions, recognizing the unique role of women in both social and family life. Efforts continue to be made to leverage women's distinctive contributions in promoting traditional Chinese family virtues and establishing positive family traditions. Policies supporting family development are continuously improved, enhancing families' capacity for development and creating favorable conditions for women to enjoy better family lives.
\nMore equal and harmonious family relations in the new era. Laws and regulations including the Civil Code, the Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests, and the Anti-Domestic Violence Law have been promulgated to protect women's rights within marriage and the family.
\nA new marital and childbearing culture is widely promoted. Marriage and family counseling services are widely available at marriage registration authorities at or above the county level nationwide. Over 2,000 pilot units are advancing marriage customs reform, and activities such as "bringing new marriage and childbearing norms into households" are continuously carried out to promote values including gender equality, mutual respect, and shared parenting responsibilities between couples.
\nThe Fourth Survey on the Social Status of Women in China shows that 90 percent of married women participate in decision-making on major family matters, an increase of approximately 15 percentage points compared to 2010. The gender gap in time spent on household chores has narrowed, and there is a growing emphasis on marital relationships based on mutual respect and trust.
\nA family-friendly society gradually in shape. To meet the demands of high-quality population development and family wellbeing, measures have been introduced to improve childbirth support policies and develop a childbirth-friendly society.
\nThe childbirth leave system has been enhanced, with local regulations extending maternity leave and paternity leave and introducing parental childcare leave. Special additional deductions for individual income tax have been implemented, covering expenses for under-three children nursing, eldercare, and children's education. A childcare subsidy system has been established and implemented, while free pre-school education has been promoted in a phased way.
\nEmployers are encouraged to create "family-friendly workplaces" by adopting flexible working hours or remote work options after negotiating with employees to support them in both career development and childcare.
\nNursing facilities have been provided. By the end of 2024, 403,000 enterprises and public institutions with trade unions had set up nursing rooms for female employees. The provision of baby care rooms in public places has also been expanded, and design standards such as the Uniform Standard for the Design of Civil Buildings, the Standard for the Design of Office Buildings, and the Code for the Design of Railway Passenger Station Buildings now include requirements for such facilities. By the end of 2024, 1,449 baby care rooms had been established in railway stations; 5,371 in highway service areas (including parking areas); 286 on passenger ships and in port passenger terminals; 2,308 in secondary and above-grade bus stations; 2,599 in urban rail transit stations; and nursing rooms in all civilian airports with an annual passenger throughput of 5,000 or more.
\nPanel 8 The 15-Minute Community Life Circles Benefit Hundreds of Millions of Residents
\nThe 15-minute community life circle is a government initiative to improve people's lives by creating community business districts with diverse services. Residents in such communities should be able to meet their basic daily consumption needs and access quality services within a 15-minute walk.
\nTo address childcare needs, Shanghai has established more than 340 community-based childcare rooms in over 90 percent of its subdistricts and towns, providing temporary childcare services. For eldercare needs, Tianjin has set up 1,852 community canteens for seniors and built daytime care centers for the elderly, offering personalized eldercare services. To meet residents' daily needs, the Kangqiao Garden Community in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, has introduced affordable vegetable stalls, convenient barbershops, and small repair service points, enabling one-stop solutions for various household needs.
\nSince 2021, 4 batches of 210 pilot areas across the country have joined the initiative, building 5,510 community life circles that benefit approximately 125 million residents.
\nMore diverse services to reduce family care burden. A variety of childcare services are provided to families, including full-day, half-day, and temporary care options, and employers are also supported in establishing childcare facilities. By the end of 2024, there were 5.74 million childcare slots nationwide, with 4.08 slots per 1,000 people for children under three.
\nA family education guidance service system covering both urban and rural areas has been established. Relying on over 400,000 parent schools in urban and rural communities and more than 20,000 online new media platforms, family education guidance service teams have worked to organize rich and diverse parent-child activities, bringing scientific family education guidance services directly to households and communities.
\nThe eldercare framework has been optimized, where home care is supported by communities and professional institutions, featuring a combination of medical care and eldercare services. Services such as meal assistance, bathing aid, home modifications for the elderly, and barrier-free renovations for financially difficult families with members with severe disabilities have become more accessible.
\nPanel 9 Family Education in the New Era Strengthens the Foundation of Early Nurturing
\nChina places great importance on family education. The Law on Family Education Promotion has been enacted to strengthen parents' primary responsibility in guardianship, establish a collaborative mechanism for family education work, clarify state support measures for family education, and define the role of social forces in supporting family education. The All-China Women's Federation, the Ministry of Education, and other relevant departments have successively issued six five-year plans for family education, setting periodic targets and measures. The National Family Education Guidance Outline and Basic Behavioral Norms for Parents in Family Education have been formulated and revised to define the content of family education guidance.
\nExploratory efforts are made to establish an undergraduate program on family education in colleges and universities to train professionals for this sector. A life-cycle family guidance curriculum system has been developed, and the "Happy Family" online platform for family education services has been established. Family education instructors have been included as an occupation in the General Code of Occupational Classification of the People's Republic of China. All these endeavors will promote the digital and professional development of family education and support families in scientific parenting.
\nThe domestic service sector continues to improve in quality and expand in scale. By the end of 2023, there were approximately 600,000 domestic service entities and 16,000 women-led domestic service community stations. National domestic service vocational skills competitions have been held to encourage skill enhancement among people working in this sector, provide a growth platform for more of them, and deliver high-quality services to families.
\nIV. Advancing Women's Development to the Forefront of the Times
\nOn the new journey of Chinese modernization, every individual plays a key role. Connecting their own future with that of the country and the nation, Chinese women have devoted themselves to the building of a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful. They have attained major achievements in the new era, creating a better life through action and hard work.
\n1. Achievements in Promoting High-Quality Economic Development
\nIn promoting high-quality economic development, China is committed to expanding channels for women's participation, improving their capabilities, and stimulating their creativity. Women are "holding up half the sky" and playing an increasingly prominent role.
\nRealizing potential in employment and entrepreneurship. Upholding employment as a priority, China has increased fiscal investment, and implemented initiatives such as the Women's Action for Entrepreneurship and Innovation and the Action for Promoting Women's Employment and Entrepreneurship. Special recruitment sections and events for women have been held, sponsored by the National Employment Promotion Action and Spring Breeze Action, aiming to help more women find better jobs.
\nGender discrimination in employment has been placed under the scrutiny of labor protection supervision. The System of Special Labor Protection for Female Employees in the Workplace (Reference Text) and the System for Eliminating Sexual Harassment in the Workplace (Reference Text) have been formulated as guidelines for employers to improve their corresponding systems for protecting female employees' lawful rights and interests.
\nBy the end of 2024, RMB640 billion in loans had been provided to support 8.49 million women in realizing their entrepreneurial dreams. Since 2012, women have accounted for about 43 percent of the total employed population. According to the fifth national economic census in 2024, 42.6 percent of the employees in government agencies, public institutions, and state-owned enterprises were women, an increase of 3.6 percentage points compared to the fourth census.
\nPanel 10 Beautiful Crafts Workshops Providing Employment and Income Growth for Women with Disabilities
\nThe Beautiful Crafts Workshops program was jointly launched by China Disabled Persons' Federation and All-China Women's Federation in 2022 to help women with disabilities find employment and increase income. Through collaboration between the government, enterprises, and public service organizations, a full-chain service model integrating training, employment, entrepreneurship and protection has been formulated to ensure that women participating in this program have access to employment opportunities and secure stable incomes through the acquisition of important skills.
\nA total of 125 national-level Beautiful Crafts Workshops now provide disabled women with free training courses in hand knitting, embroidery, and pottery, and support some of them in setting up studios and engaging in live-streaming sales. This program has facilitated flexible home-based employment for 190,000 women with disabilities, doubling their average annual income compared to 2022. The outcomes have been displayed at major events including the 18th Session of the Conference of States Parties to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the UN Human Rights Council meetings, and the 10th International Abilympics.
\nThe scale of women's accomplishments is reflected in their significant representation among national honorees: They constitute 34 percent of the National Moral Models and 30.9 percent of the Most Beautiful Souls and National Exemplary Educators. Since 2012, a total of 1,821 women have been awarded the titles of National Model Workers and Advanced Workers, 1,957 have received the National May 1st Labor Medal, 5,001 have been honored as National March 8th Red-Banner Pacesetters, and 6,489 recognized as National Role Models for Women's Achievements.
\nPioneering innovation in science and technology. As part of the efforts to implement the Women's Action for Scientific and Technological Innovation, China has formulated the Measures on Supporting Female Talent to Play a Greater Role in Sci-Tech Innovation, which outline 16 concrete measures, including supporting female scientists to undertake national sci-tech projects and participate in decision-making on sci-tech development, as well as improving evaluation and incentive mechanisms for them.
\nThe National Natural Science Foundation has appropriately relaxed the age limits for female applicants in Categories A, B and C of the Young Scientists Fund, raising the maximum age thresholds by three years, two years, and five years respectively, compared to their male counterparts. Leveraging platforms such as the Zhongguancun Forum, Pujiang Innovation Forum, and World AI Conference, China has launched summits and forums for women working in science and technology, and hosted the Women Technicians Forum and a range of training programs for high-caliber female sci-tech professionals. These actions have created platforms for women in STEM fields to conduct professional exchange and learning, apply their research outcomes, and serve the public.
\nToday, women account for 45.8 percent of all sci-tech researchers in China. They are tackling tough problems and achieving breakthroughs in pioneering fields, overcoming daunting obstacles, and scaling new heights at the forefront of innovation, and making significant contributions to building China into a sci-tech powerhouse with greater strength and self-reliance in science and technology.
\nPanel 11 Glorious Achievements of Female Sci-Tech Workers in China
\nThrough their unwavering dedication and exceptional wisdom, Chinese women have made groundbreaking contributions across diverse fields of science and technology, writing glorious chapters in the nation's rich history of sci-tech innovation.
\nTu Youyou, chief scientist at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and a recipient of the Medal of the Republic, was the first person to discover artemisinin. This class of drugs has significantly reduced the mortality rate of malaria patients and saved millions of lives globally. Tu's pioneering research led to her becoming the first home-grown Chinese scientist to receive a Nobel Prize.
\nLiu Yang, China's first female astronaut, Wang Yaping, the first female taikonaut to walk in space, and Wang Haoze, the first female aerospace flight engineer to board China's space station, each courageously challenged the unknown, demonstrating the strength of Chinese women in aerospace.
\nLiao Hong, professor at Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, integrated applied basic research with agricultural production to build up about 20,000 hectares of eco-friendly tea gardens, providing a comprehensive solution to the eco-friendly planting and management of Wuyi rock tea.
\nFor over two decades, Shan Xinghua, recipient of the title Role Model of the Era, has led her team in developing the 12306 China Railway ticketing system into a super-large real-time platform with a world-leading transaction volume, boosting China's strength in transportation.
\nTaking the lead in rural revitalization. Through the Women's Action for Rural Revitalization, China has strengthened quality training to empower women farmers. Since 2017, the High-quality Farmer Training Program has trained over 2.24 million women farmers, and between 2022 and 2024, the project for cultivating leaders for rural industry revitalization trained 12,000 female individuals.
\nThe achievements of women in rural revitalization have been recognized through initiatives like the Double Hundred and Double Thousand Initiative, which recognizes outstanding rural craftspeople, 100 of whom in the first batch were women, accounting for 36.6 percent of the total. In the final round of the first National Farmers' Skills Competition, female participants comprised 69.5 percent of all winners. Furthermore, by the end of 2024, 134,000 female workers responsible for extending agricultural technologies and services had obtained professional titles, representing 35.4 percent of the total.
\nPanel 12 A Small Industrial Incubation Platform Galvanizing Women's Power for Rural Revitalization
\nAs a successful example of the Green Rural Revival Program in Zhejiang, Lizu Village in Yiwu has developed from a backward hamlet to a National Model Village, and women have played a vital role in this transformation.
\nThe village is home to a Shared Prosperity Workshop — an incubation platform for industrial projects that attracts numerous aspiring makers and entrepreneurs. This workshop operates as a women's alliance for shared prosperity, and follows a work mechanism under which community-level service centers introduce promising projects under the leadership of the local executive committee of women's federations. The project has helped local women start their own businesses, increasing their incomes and fostering integration between urban and rural areas.
\nAfter five years, the number of makers and entrepreneurs has increased from over 30 to 272, among which 75 percent are women. The "Homemade by Mom" food street and the Women's Fair have increased women's incomes by over RMB13.7 million, while live-streaming activities to promote agricultural products have generated sales of RMB27 million. This small incubator has created big opportunities for women to embrace prosperity.
\nPursuing excellence in the digital economy. China has issued the Action Plan for Strengthening the Digital Literacy and Skills of the General Public and the Action Plan for Digital Rural Development, which include measures such as carrying out digital literacy education and skills training for women and developing women-led e-commerce brands. Chinese women have answered the call of the digital age, and are committed to developing the digital economy, with 14,147 women obtaining the vocational skills certificates for AI trainers in 2024 alone — comprising 42.3 percent of the yearly total. Women represent over half of the entrepreneurs in the internet sector and about one third of the workforce engaging in new business forms such as digital trade, e-commerce, and live streaming. As the digital economy advances, it is providing more opportunities for women.
\nPanel 13 The \"AI Dou\" Project: Helping Women Excel in the Digital Economy
\nThrough digital empowerment, the China Women's Development Foundation is pioneering innovative pathways for women's development. In 2019, the organization launched the "AI Dou" Project for AI industrial incubation in conjunction with relevant businesses. This project aims to help stay-behind women and returning youth to secure data annotation and similar jobs near home, by introducing digital employment opportunities to underdeveloped counties, carrying out vocational training, and incubating locally operated social enterprises. By the end of 2024, the project had established 16 digital employment centers in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Gansu, Guizhou and Ningxia, providing employment opportunities for over 7,500 women. Among those provided with stable jobs by the project, 70 percent were women.
\n2. Equal Participation in Whole-Process People's Democracy
\nAs China advances whole-process people's democracy, it remains committed to increasing women's participation in the management of state, economic, cultural and social affairs. Women enjoy equal political rights and actively participate in democratic practices, contributing their strengths with great enthusiasm.
\nExercising state power through the people's congresses. The proportion of women in people's congresses at all levels continues to rise. In the 14th NPC convened in 2023, there were 790 women deputies, accounting for 26.5 percent of the total. This represents an increase of 3.1 percentage points from the 12th NPC and 1.6 percentage points from the 13th NPC. At the county and township levels, women constitute 31.64 percent and 32.36 percent of deputies, respectively. These women deputies fulfill their duties in accordance with the law, soliciting and reflecting public opinion from all sectors of society. Between 2018 and 2025, NPC women deputies put forward 29,328 suggestions, criticisms and opinions, accounting for 42.3 percent of the total.
\nPanel 14 Women Deputies to the People's Congresses Practicing Whole-Process People's Democracy
\nZhu Guoping, an outstanding representative of the "neighborhood chiefs" in Shanghai, has been a key figure in her local community for over three decades. She served as a deputy to three consecutive NPCs — the 11th, 12th, and 13th — where she had a particular focus on eldercare, childcare and healthcare. Among her suggestions in these fields, two proposals calling for increased fiscal investment in general practitioners and pediatricians were both adopted by the Ministry of Finance, earning her praise as someone who "bridges national policy decisions with public concerns".
\nHongqiao Subdistrict, where Zhu works, functions as a community-level legislative outreach office, set up by the Legislative Affairs Commission of the NPC Standing Committee. It has solicited opinions for 97 draft laws, including the Anti-Domestic Violence Law and the Law on the Protection of Minors. The subdistrict has proposed over 3,200 suggestions, with 280 being adopted after review, channeling grassroots legislative input to the Great Hall of the People.
\nDiscussing state affairs and making suggestions at consultative meetings of the CPPCC. The proportion of female members in the CPPCC National Committee and local committees has seen a consistent increase. In 2023, 487 female members served on the National Committee of the 14th CPPCC, accounting for 22.4 percent of the total — an increase of 4.6 percentage points and 2 percentage points from the 12th CPPCC and 13th CPPCC, respectively. In the same year, there were 5,401 female members on the provincial-level committees of the CPPCC, accounting for 27.36 percent of the membership at this level. The female members fulfill their duties in full and play a major role in political consultation, democratic supervision, and the deliberation and administration of state affairs. Since the 14th CPPCC National Committee, female members have submitted 4,282 proposals, representing 26.6 percent of the total.
\nActively engaging in decision-making and administration. China attaches importance to the cultivation and selection of female officials and the recruitment of women into the CPC. It has formulated and implemented outlines for strengthening Party and government leadership teams and on women's development, which set specific quantitative and proportional requirements for the appointment of female officials and female heads of leadership bodies. These goals are expected to be met while strict quality standards are upheld.
\nThe proportions of women among the CPC membership and delegates to the Party congresses are increasing. In 2024, 30.9 percent of CPC members were female, an increase of 7.1 percentage points compared to the 2012 level. Female Party members accounted for 27 percent of the delegates to the 20th CPC National Congress, an increase of 4 percentage points from the Party's 18th National Congress in 2012. Women represent 42.3 percent, 43.78 percent, and 51.5 percent of all the judges, prosecutors and jurors nationwide.
\nExtensively participating in grassroots democracy. Effective measures have been taken in the villagers committee elections to expand women's membership. In 2022, women constituted 26.1 percent of villagers committee members and 54.3 percent of urban residents committee members, an increase of 4 percentage points and 5.5 percentage points, respectively, from 2012 levels.
\nFemale workers play an active role in democratic management in enterprises. In 2023, women employees made up 37.7 percent, 41.9 percent, and 34.2 percent of the boards of directors, boards of supervisors, and workers' congress representatives, increasing by 11.4 percentage points, 14.9 percentage points, and 4.4 percentage points, respectively, compared to 2012. A total of 431,000 councils of women have been established in urban and rural communities, facilitating extensive consultations on public affairs concerning women's immediate interests.
\n3. Excellence in a Flourishing Culture
\nIn developing a thriving socialist culture, China has given full play to women's role in creating cultural wealth and cultivated female talent in the cultural sector. Through innovation and with creativity, women have made a significant contribution to preserving cultural heritage and promoting the best of traditional Chinese culture.
\nDemonstrating vitality at the forefront of culture and communication. Women have become a pillar of cultural prosperity and development and are playing an increasingly important role in cultural creation, communication and studies. Female writers and artists have produced masterpieces that have shaped the image of women in the new era, as varied as the Peking Opera Mother, ballet Yimeng, prose works My Altay, TV series She and Her Girls, movie Huang Wenxiu, documentary Aunt Haiyun, variety shows The Daughters of Chinese Villages and Sisters Who Make Waves 2024, and short drama Got Old Recently.
\nBy the end of 2023, about 456,900 women across the country were employed in the radio, television, and online audio-visual sectors, comprising 43.14 percent of the total employees. In the senior professional title evaluations for the journalism section organized by the National Press and Publication Administration in 2024, women accounted for 44.1 percent of those receiving senior professional titles and 50.6 percent of those gaining associate senior ones.
\nWomen constitute 27.5 percent of participants in key talent initiatives in the field of public communication and culture, including 45.2 percent of successful candidates in the cultural talent program and 42.5 percent in the youth cultural talent program under the National Cultural Talent of Excellence Initiative. Through their work in culture and communication, women have vigorously committed themselves in the promotion and practice of the core socialist values.
\nShowing strengths in preserving and vitalizing ethnic cultures. By passing down traditional crafts and facilitating cultural innovation and dissemination, women are injecting new vitality into ethnic cultures. Among the 3,997 recognized representative bearers of the intangible cultural heritage (ICH) items on the national list, 25 percent are women. The research and training program for ICH bearers has provided training for 51,000 people, with women accounting for 57 percent. Under the plan on revitalizing traditional Chinese craftsmanship and the specialized initiatives to revitalize rural areas by promoting ICH, many women have played a leading role in transforming local natural resources and rural cultural assets into cultural products and industries. Handicraft brands such as "Dove Flower: Songtao's Miao Embroidery" in Guizhou and "Weiyuan Tu Ethnic Coiling Embroidery" in Qinghai are shining examples of this transformation.
\nNew business models — often fronted by women — such as "ICH plus guesthouses", "ICH plus cultural products", and "ICH plus study trips" have also been launched in recent years, breathing new life into traditional ethnic cultures. The rise of digital technology has allowed traditional culture to flourish again, and an increasing number of young women now play a central role in promoting the "China-Chic" trend and preserving and vitalizing ICH, facilitating ICH's integration in modern life and helping it reach a global audience.
\nExcelling in both competitive and mass leisure sports. The Outline for Building a Strong Sporting Nation has explicitly set the goal of achieving balanced development between men's and women's events. The Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic Winter Games issued a Gender Equality Commitment covering 14 specific areas, including equal participation, gender-equal and fair portrayal, and gender equality in leadership and workforce.
\nPanel 15 Creating Masterpieces and Promoting Civilization with Stitches and Threads
\nFemale embroiders, with needles as brushes and silk threads as ink, create delicate works that embody the resilience, patience, and determination of the Chinese people through every stitch and thread. These artisans are committed to revitalizing ancient techniques in a modern society.
\nSuzhou embroidery is one of the four most celebrated forms of Chinese embroidery. The art form originated in Zhenhu Township, where local women are now encouraged to set up their own embroidery businesses. As a result of this push, over 90 percent of Suzhou embroidery entrepreneurs are women.
\nMiao embroidery is another highly praised technique, celebrated as a "wordless epic created with colorful threads and a living totem worn on the body". Under the Brocade and Embroidery Initiative, Guizhou Province has empowered over 500,000 women working in handicraft industries such as Miao embroidery and batik to create a splendid life through splendid products.
\nWith a history of over 3,000 years, Li brocade is renowned as a "living monument of Chinese textile history". Currently, 18,000 female weavers work to preserve and develop this art. Tibetan carpet making is a skill that boasts thousands of years of history. Tibetan women begin learning the weaving techniques from a young age and pass down this precious craftsmanship through generations. Women in the Chaoshan area in southeastern Guangdong, based on traditional stitching techniques, have pioneered innovations to create 3D double-sided padded embroidery, carrying forward this traditional art in a modern world.
\nThe number of female elite athletes in China has witnessed rapid growth, and the proportion of international-level female athletes has remained above 50 percent. Since 2012, across the four consecutive Summer Olympic Games, female athletes have accounted for over 55 percent of competitors and won over 60 percent of the medals. During the same period across the four Paralympic Games, women have made up 50.22 percent of participants and secured 55.62 percent of the medals. Female athletes fight for their nations, collaborate in unity, and challenge their limits, playing an equal role as their male counterparts in competitive sports. The fighting spirit of the Chinese women's volleyball team has inspired the Chinese people to this day.
\nExtensive fitness-for-all programs are carried out nationwide, and a program of cultivating female community sports instructors in rural areas has provided training for over 65,000 women in 10,000 villages. By the end of 2024, there were about 3.71 million community sports instructors across the country, among which 56.1 percent were women, demonstrating women's leadership and responsibility in advancing China's fitness-for-all initiative in the new era.
\n4. Women's Undertakings in Grassroots Social Governance
\nIn building a grassroots social governance model based on collaboration, participation, and common interests, China has attached great importance to the role of women and women's organizations, expanded the channels for their orderly participation in grassroots governance, and ensured their involvement in managing grassroots-level public affairs and public-interest undertakings in accordance with the law. Chinese women have excelled in these roles, becoming a major force in grassroots governance.
\nThe positive role of family ties, values, and traditions in grassroots governance. China has improved mechanisms that help to foster family virtues, facilitate education cooperation between families, schools and society, deliver more accessible family services, and resolve marital and family disputes, supporting women in nurturing harmony within households, and thus contributing to a more peaceful and harmonious society for all.
\nFamily virtue cultivation activities such as the selection of the "Most Beautiful Families", "Model Families", and "Five-Virtue Families", and initiatives like "Share Your Family Rules, Mottoes, and Values", "Family Virtues in Letters", and "Family Education Cultivates Values and Virtues" have been organized. These activities champion the new socialist family morality and values, emphasizing love for the country and family, mutual care, devotion to progress and kindness, and joint efforts with shared benefits. A total of 1,597 households have been honored as "National Model Families", 6,258 as "National Five-Virtue Families", and 16.48 million as the "Most Beautiful Families". Additionally, more than 500,000 lectures, exhibitions and performances on family values and traditions have been hosted around the country, attracting a combined attendance of 250 million people.
\nPanel 16 Family Points System Contributing to Rural Governance
\nGansu Province has implemented an innovative system, which breaks down key aspects of rural governance into points for households in villages and communities. Clear criteria and scoring standards are established for adding or deducting points. Law-abiding families that demonstrate harmony, mutual support among neighbors, and industriousness can collect points by adopting a green lifestyle, participating in public-interest programs, and discarding outdated customs. These points can then be redeemed locally for a wide range of household goods. The initiative has inspired women and their families to participate more actively in rural governance and efforts to improve their living environment and beautify their villages, driving big impact in grassroots governance with ingenuity.
\nWomen's extensive participation in building a peaceful and harmonious community. Women actively participate in the comprehensive maintenance of public order and contribute to resolving problems and disputes at the grassroots level. Local governments have been exploring a "Women's Federations Plus" mediation model. By the end of 2024, 3,690 mediation commissions above the county level for resolving marriage and family disputes had been established under the leadership of women's federations. Marriage mediation organizations now provide service at comprehensive governance centers, litigation service centers, and community police offices, and marriage mediation offices have been established at the village and community level. Since 2016, nearly 1.36 million cases have been resolved through mediation. In 2023, 295 women mediators were commended by the Ministry of Justice as National Model Mediators, accounting for 29.5 percent of those recognized.
\nWomen also play an active part in patrols for maintaining order and in supervision. The "Jiangdong Aunties" team in Jingkou District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province has completed 5,000 hours of voluntary patrols and participated in over 1,000 public service activities since its establishment in 2017. The "Xicheng Aunties" in Beijing and women community liaisons in Weinan City, Shaanxi Province, have promptly identified and reported potential risks for social governance, working at the forefront of conflict resolution at the grassroots level. Women acting as community workers, grid managers, and residential building chiefs have made significant contributions to building a peaceful and harmonious community.
\nPanel 17 Mediation Office for Promoting Family Harmony
\nIn 2016, the Women's Federation of Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, established a Marriage and Family Disputes Mediation Office and launched a project to promote marital and family harmony and ensure the legal rights of women and children. A set of operational mechanisms was established, including joint meetings, information sharing, and rotating professionals, and experts in the fields of law, sociology, and psychology were recruited to form a dedicated voluntary service group.
\nBased on practical experience, a mediation method of "four aspects plus three synchronizations" was adopted to mediate disputes, wherein the "four aspects" refer to the psychological, legal, emotional, and rational dimensions, while the "three synchronizations" denote the alignment of answering questions with raising public awareness of the law, providing emotional guidance with teaching life experience, and resolving disputes with protecting rights. At the same time, a four-step method of stabilizing emotions, understanding demands, instilling hope, and establishing support was adopted in solving many family disputes. By the end of July 2025, more than 10,000 cases had been solved through this project, with a success rate of 95 percent, benefiting more than 30,000 individuals.
\nActive engagement in voluntary service and other public-interest programs. China emphasizes the healthy development of voluntary services and social organizations, among which women play an active role. In 2024, there were 24 million women registered as volunteers and 350,000 women volunteer teams. These volunteers play an important role in promoting national strategies, improving the people's wellbeing, and strengthening social governance. They have provided nearly one million voluntary services, covering all 17 goals of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The number of women in social organizations is on the rise. In 2023, women comprised 42.3 percent of the staff and 26.3 percent of the heads of social organizations respectively, up by 13.3 and 4.9 percentage points from 2012.
\nPanel 18 Wang's Volunteer Group: Inspiring More Women to Serve Their Community
\nIn 2005, Wang Lanhua, a Hui woman, former director on a residents committee in Wuzhong City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region formed a volunteer group with six former colleagues — a group she continues to lead 20 years later. Her voluntary service leaves no stone unturned, reaching every corner of the community to look after left-behind children and elderly people who live alone, while providing conflict resolution services and addressing people's immediate concerns. Wang and her team warm the residents' hearts with their selfless dedication, and their influence in community service has drawn more and more community members to join. These volunteers from different ethnic groups encapsulate the idea of all ethnic groups as one family with their solidarity and mutual help. Now, there are 1,315 registered volunteers in Wang's Volunteer Group, and Wang's dedication has seen her honored as a model for ethnic solidarity.
\n5. Women's Contributions in the Eco-environmental Field
\nChina upholds and acts on the principle that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, and promotes modernization based on harmony between humanity and nature by following a path of green development that gives priority to eco-environmental conservation. Women play an important role in building a beautiful China, and are continuing to develop the awareness and skills required to drive forward eco-environmental protection.
\nPanel 19 Princess of the Beavers
\nWomen are emerging as key practitioners in biodiversity protection, and Chu Wenwen represents a new generation of female conservationists committed to protecting local biodiversity. Born in 1994 in Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Chu founded the Altay Nature Conservation Association and launched a series of public-interest projects to protect beavers and other wildlife, including the Beaver Cafeteria, Beaver Guardian, and Beaver Ark initiatives. The Beaver Cafeteria project focuses on restoring shrubs in natural habitats, which provide food for more than 100 species of wild animal. The Beaver Guardian project mobilizes more than 500 herdsmen along the Ulungur River to participate in conservation efforts and serve as voluntary patrols. The Beaver Ark project established a professional wildlife rescue center that has saved over 400 wild animals injured or trapped by human activities. Thanks in part to Chu's efforts, the population of Mongolian-Xinjiang beavers (Castor fiber birulai) has increased by 250 to date, earning her the honorary nickname "Princess of the Beavers".
\nPromoting ecosystem protection and restoration. China pursues the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, grasslands and deserts, with the aim of establishing an overarching framework that extends from the mountaintops to the oceans. Women play a significant role in the nation's ecosystem protection and restoration. Among the 17,000 eco-environmental guardians working at the 190,700 sq km Sanjiangyuan National Park, 33.3 percent are women. The Women Tree-Planting Team in Changjiang Li Autonomous County of Hainan Province has been dedicated to planting more than six million coastal defense trees, establishing a forest spanning over 2,000 hectares in the desert after 30 years of trial and error. The women's militia company for sand control in Shaanxi Province has converted more than 933.33 hectares of barren deserts into oases covered with rows of trees over the past five decades. The women's volunteer team in Helan County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region conducts regular activities to protect rivers, shoals, and birds, and the Women's Action for the Yangtze River Protection is an ongoing activity in Nanjing City of Jiangsu Province to provide vital protection for China's longest river. Women's perseverance and wisdom are shown in many aspects of eco-environmental protection, from green coverage expansion and desertification prevention and control, to the protection of forests, rivers, and biodiversity.
\nPanel 20 Sci-Tech Courtyard Supporting Green Agriculture
\nThe Sci-Tech Courtyard is a service platform that integrates agricultural scitech innovation, demonstration and promotion, and talent cultivation. In the Dongpo Sci-Tech Courtyard of Agricultural Skill Promotion in Meishan City, Sichuan Province, 33 team members — including 22 women — work on the front line of green agriculture. With women at its core, the team provides comprehensive services in skill training, field production guidance, problem identification and resolution, and industry chain alignment, benefiting more than 50,000 villagers. The Sci-Tech Courtyard also makes targeted efforts in new species selection, cultivation technique research for high-quality and high-yield crops, and the development of green planting and cultivation models. Over the past nine years, comparative trials of more than 400 paddy varieties have been completed, leading to the selection of 40 high-quality and high-yield species that have significantly increased the proportion of such crops in the region. Cultivation of 824,467 hectares of these paddies has generated a net income growth of RMB2.65 billion. In addition, more than 10 new planting techniques have been promoted, and research on green planting and cultivation models has been advanced, increasing crop yield and economic benefits while reducing pesticide use.
\nAccelerating the green transformation of production models. China upholds green and low-carbon development as a fundamental approach to resolving environmental problems, and promotes a sound economic structure that facilitates green, low-carbon, and circular development. Women actively participate in the efforts to promote green development in industry, shift the production model of agriculture, and improve the sustainable level of the service industry. By 2024, the number of companies in the green economy sector invested in by women entrepreneurs had reached 445,000, accounting for 27.4 percent of the total. These companies cover a range of market segments, including clean energy, organic agriculture, and eco-conservation. Scientific management of fertilizer and pesticide use and innovative ecological planting serve to save agricultural resources, improve the eco-environment of agricultural production areas, and supply high-quality green agricultural products, promoting the triple-win of less pesticide use, more income, and better environment. New models of eco-environmental businesses have been established, including urban modern agriculture, leisure agriculture, eco-tourism, high-quality homestays, and rural complexes. By the end of 2024, the number of family farms run by women reached 487,000, and women accounted for 68.6 percent of all holders of vocational skill certificates in rural homestay housekeeping.
\nLiving a green lifestyle. Green development is closely connected to each of our lives. Chinese women advocate the values of eco-civilization and encourage simple, moderate, green, low-carbon, sound and healthy ways of life and consumption by integrating these concepts into everyday routines. They have played a leading role in building green families through saving water and electricity, participating in the "Clear Your Plate" campaign, using green modes of transport, and engaging in waste sorting. Women also actively participate in developing beautiful courtyards and harmonious villages, guided by standards such as tidy rooms, hygienic kitchens and toilets, neat courtyards, abundant greenery, and harmonious families. To date, more than 12 million households have been awarded the title of "Beautiful Courtyard". Women are consistently in the frontline of enhancing public awareness of environmental protection and improving community environment. For example, in Shanghai, a themed campaign was launched to find 10,000 families living a green lifestyle and recruit 100,000 family waste sorting volunteers, creating a good atmosphere for the million families participating in this endeavor.
\nParticipating in disaster prevention and mitigation. China regards people's lives and safety as the primary goal of disaster prevention and mitigation. It boosts public participation and improves the capabilities of the whole society to defend and respond to disasters, and women play a key role in this — particularly in investigation and identification of potential risks and hidden dangers, early warning and treatment, and information reporting. In 2024, women accounted for 23.6 percent of disaster information assistants nationwide, totaling 267,000, and comprised 61.6 percent of national chief meteorological experts. Women actively participate in disaster relief operations and public education on disaster prevention and mitigation, and promote family education in relevant fields. There are 13.71 million registered women fire volunteers nationwide, representing 52.4 percent of the total. The National Natural Disaster Emergency Relief Plan put forward requirements for safeguarding the rights and interests of special groups. Through the collaborative efforts of the government and society, material guarantee for special needs, such as women's hygiene products and supplies for pregnant and postpartum women, has been strengthened.
\nV. Contributing to the Global Advancement of Women
\nChina upholds the vision of building a community with a shared future for humanity, aligns with the prevailing global trends towards peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit, and actively advances the implementation of the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, and the Global Governance Initiative. Through close cooperation with other countries, China is helping accelerate the creation of an international environment conducive to women's development and a better world for all.
\n1. Participating in Global Governance on Women's Issues
\nChina plays a leading role in implementing the spirit of the UN Fourth World Conference on Women and advances global governance on women's issues through concrete actions.
\nSupporting the central role of the United Nations. China has co-hosted the Global Leaders' Meeting on Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment with UN Women to encourage countries to fulfill their commitments and inject new momentum into the global advancement of women. At the UN Human Rights Council, China has repeatedly delivered joint statements on promoting and protecting women's rights, pushed for the adoption of relevant resolutions, and called on countries to work together to implement the Beijing Declaration and the Platform for Action. China consistently sends high-level delegations to the sessions of the UN Commission on the Status of Women and collaborates with UN organizations and agencies to conduct seminars on women's poverty reduction, the digital economy, inclusive finance, technology empowerment, and gender equality amid demographic changes, sharing China's experience in promoting women's development. Since 2015, China has donated US $20 million to UN Women and carried out practical cooperation with multiple UN specialized agencies on women's issues. In partnership with UNESCO, it has established the Prize for Girls' and Women's Education and implemented projects in Africa focusing on digital and health education for girls. Chinese women hold important positions and serve as experts in the UN system, contributing their expertise to global governance on women's issues.
\nPanel 21 China and UNESCO Jointly Established the Prize for Girls' and Women's Education
\nIn 2015, China partnered with UNESCO to establish the Prize for Girls' and Women's Education, which recognizes institutions and individuals that have made outstanding contributions to advancing education for girls and women. This is the first prize of its kind established by UNESCO. Proposed and funded by the Chinese government, it is awarded annually to two laureates, who each receive US $50,000 to further their work in girls' and women's education. As of 2024, 18 organizations and projects from 18 countries had received the award, including the Pakistan Alliance for Girls Education. This prize has provided an increasing number of girls and women with opportunities to change their lives and pursue their dreams. It has also raised greater awareness of and support for girls' and women's education among more people, thereby galvanizing concerted efforts to advance global gender equality in education.
\nFirmly fulfilling international obligations. China fulfills its obligations under international conventions such as the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, regularly submits national implementation reports, and actively participates in review processes to promote gender equality and women's development. It actively implements the Beijing Declaration and the Platform for Action, continuously improves women's living conditions and expands their development prospects, and has achieved the poverty reduction and health-related targets of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development ahead of schedule. Through these efforts, China has not only improved the lives of Chinese women, but has also offered the international community its approach to safeguarding women's human rights.
\nLeading and advancing multilateral and regional agendas for women's development. At the Third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, China proposed the Global AI Governance Initiative, emphasizing the need to avoid gender bias in AI development. The country also facilitated the adoption of the Resolution on Enhancing International Cooperation in Capacity-Building of Artificial Intelligence at the 78th session of the UN General Assembly, which underscores ensuring universal benefits from AI, enhancing digital inclusion and achieving gender equality while empowering women and girls. Since 2012, China has hosted 29 women's conferences under frameworks including APEC, G20, BRICS, Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), China-ASEAN, China-Africa, China-Arab States, China-Central Asia, and Lancang-Mekong Cooperation. Through these mechanisms, China has deeply engaged in cooperation on women's issues, focusing on topics including poverty reduction, development, employment, business startup, education empowerment, and pandemic response. These efforts have facilitated targeted experience-sharing, dialogues, and collaborative actions, enabling China to advocate actionable propositions for advancing women's comprehensive development, inclusivity, and sustainable development.
\n2. Deepening Cooperation and Exchanges to Advance Women's Development
\nChina integrates the deepening of women's development cooperation into the frameworks of high-quality Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and South-South cooperation, to jointly promote women's sustainable development.
\nAdvancing women's development in BRI participating countries. China actively promotes high-quality BRI cooperation. Initiatives such as the Silk Road E-commerce have created employment opportunities and pathways for women in these countries, and digital technology enablement program for women in ASEAN countries — alongside other related programs — have supported women in the region in seeking employment and starting businesses. For 10 consecutive years, China and partner countries have jointly hosted a series of events under the theme "Pool Women's Strength for Belt and Road Cooperation", encouraging women in these countries to become supporters, participants, contributors, and beneficiaries of the BRI.
\nSupporting women's poverty reduction and development in South-South cooperation. China supports developing countries in improving women's living conditions and development environment. It has implemented 100 maternal and child health projects and 100 happy campus projects, along with a series of small but effective public wellbeing programs focusing on housing, rural roads, and technology training to empower women and girls. Through the Global Development and South-South Cooperation Fund, China has carried out women-related projects worth nearly US $40 million across over 20 countries. Additionally, the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Special Fund has allocated RMB12 million to support women's development programs. Through foreign aid training and technical assistance, Juncao technology has helped women in 106 countries gain meaningful employment.
\nPanel 22 Juncao Technology Assistance: Empowering Women in Developing Countries to Realize Their Dreams
\nJuncao technology is a unique Chinese method for cultivating edible and medicinal fungi that uses grass as a substitute for wood. First included in China's foreign aid programs in 1994, it has since been introduced to 106 countries. In Lesotho, a compact 10-square-meter Juncao mushroom cultivation model has enabled impoverished farmers with limited land to produce 1.2 tonnes of fresh Juncao mushrooms annually from a single 10-square-meter plot. In African and Pacific Island nations, women use Juncao as livestock feed to mitigate shortages caused by climate change. Seruwaia Kabukabu from Fiji has led local women in growing Juncao mushrooms, significantly improving the living conditions of families in her community. In recognition of her work, she has been elected as chairperson of the Fiji Mushroom Farmers Association. Juncao has thus become a "grass of happiness" for people in developing countries.
\nDeepening international cooperation in women's capacity building. China continues to strengthen and expand support training programs focused on women and children in developing countries. Since 2018, it has implemented over 100 programs in this domain, including the Seminar on Promoting Maternal and Child Health Under Global Development Initiative, and the Seminar on Implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in Developing Countries — Women and Children. Additionally, China has launched degree programs in women's leadership and social development, training nearly 4,000 outstanding professionals in the field of women's development. An exchange and training base for global women's development cooperation has been established in Beijing to design tailored empowerment programs for women in developing countries. Training and exchange centers for Chinese and foreign women have been set up in collaboration with 15 countries, and through international cooperation in vocational education, the Luban Workshops have trained 5,944 female students, who account for 23.25 percent of all participants in the project.
\nSolid progress in people-to-people exchanges in the field of women's affairs. China has actively developed global partnerships and engaged in comprehensive, multi-channel friendly exchanges with women's organizations and institutions from over 140 countries. It has conducted dialogues with foreign female political leaders, spouses of heads of state, and female government ministers, organized high-level delegations for overseas visits, and pioneered new approaches to high-level women's foreign exchanges. China has deepened women's exchanges under its cultural and people-to-people exchange mechanisms with other countries, holding thematic seminars on women's entrepreneurship, economic empowerment, education, anti-domestic violence, and family culture, while strengthening cooperation in areas such as women's rights and interests, bridging the digital gender divide, and promoting women's participation in sci-tech innovation and sustainable development. The Female Diplomats' China Adventures series has been launched to share the practical experiences of Chinese women in economic development and grassroots governance, and exchange insights on promoting gender equality. China supports women's participation in cross-cultural exchanges, with women accounting for 80 percent of dispatched Chinese-language teachers and 90 percent of volunteers in international Chinese language education.
\n3. Actively Addressing Global Challenges
\nChina supports women in playing an active role in maintaining peace and security, and in addressing challenges including climate change, public health crises, and humanitarian disasters.
\nSupporting women's participation in maintaining peace and security. China has taken concrete actions to implement UN Security Council resolutions on "Women, Peace and Security", supporting women's important roles in conflict prevention, peace negotiations, and post-conflict reconstruction. In 2022, the China-UN Peace and Development Trust Fund initiated a training program for senior female talent to promote gender equality in high-level positions within UN peacekeeping operations. China has deployed over 1,200 female peacekeepers and more than 100 female police officers to UN missions, who have participated in medical support, liaison and coordination, mine clearance, patrols and observation, and efforts to advance gender equality and protect women.
\nPanel 23 Chinese Female Peacekeeping Officer Received an Honorary Certificate for UN Military Gender Advocate Award
\nThe UN Military Gender Advocate of the Year Award was established in 2016 to recognize peacekeepers who have made outstanding contributions to implementing UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security. On May 29, 2020, the International Day of UN Peacekeepers, Chinese officer Xin Yuan, a senior mine clearance staff officer at the headquarters of the UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), received an award in this category in recognition of her exceptional service, becoming the first Chinese service member to win this honor. Xin was the only female staff officer responsible for mine clearance operations in UNIFIL. She assumed significant risks by conducting surveys in minefields alongside clearance teams, developed meticulous clearance plans, and completed mine clearance tasks 34 days ahead of schedule, clearing over 1,500 square meters of minefields. Her efforts earned her special commendation from the UNIFIL headquarters.
\nEmpowering women to address climate change. China has consistently organized training programs on South-South cooperation for climate change response, implementing a gender-balanced enrollment policy. Since 2022, nearly 300 female officials, experts and scholars from developing countries engaged in climate change projects have participated in training programs in China. From 2012 to 2024, China conducted nearly 100 foreign aid training projects in meteorological monitoring, forecasting, and services, with women accounting for 36.72 percent of the trainees. It has donated 5,000 household solar photovoltaic power generation systems and 10,000 clean cooking stoves to Myanmar, reducing indoor air pollution and its associated health risks while supporting the country's low-carbon transition. The Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Special Fund supported Cambodia in implementing a project on gender mainstreaming in climate action, enhancing rural women's climate adaptability and resilience.
\nAddressing women's needs in international humanitarian assistance. In efforts to alleviate migrant and refugee crises, China has placed high priority on women and children, encouraging women to register as recipients of household assistance supplies and providing special care for pregnant and breastfeeding women. Projects in the Republic of Congo specifically target pregnant and breastfeeding women as beneficiaries, effectively reducing malnutrition rates among women and children. In 2023, China provided over 120,000 hygiene kits, valued at US $1.5 million, to Rohingya women and girls seeking refuge in Bangladesh, benefiting more than 60,000 women and girls.
\nConclusion
\nThe pursuit of gender equality is a great cause. In the new era, the spirit of self-esteem, confidence, independence and self-reliance among Chinese women is demonstrated as the Chinese people forge ahead with resolve under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. The glorious journey of women's development in China is deeply integrated into the process of achieving the Two Centenary Goals under the Party's leadership. Never before have Chinese women enjoyed such tremendous opportunities to realize their full potential and achieve their dreams, and never before has the cause of Chinese women borne witness to such broad prospects for development.
\nToday, China is working to build a great country and achieve national rejuvenation through Chinese modernization. This requires pooling the strength of hundreds of millions of women and promoting gender equality and women's well-rounded development at a higher level. Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, China will unswervingly follow the path of women's development under socialism with Chinese characteristics, adhere to the fundamental national policy of gender equality, and thoroughly implement the Outline of Women's Development in China to enhance women's overall capabilities. Through these efforts, the country will create conditions and platforms for women to participate in economic and social development, protect their legitimate rights and interests, and encourage them to stand at the forefront of the times.
\nIn today's world, promoting gender equality and women's well-rounded development presents both opportunities and significant challenges. All countries must strive to create safe and secure environments for women's survival and development, eliminate violence, discrimination and poverty, and effectively address the impact of climate change. It is essential to continuously empower women, ensuring they enjoy more and better opportunities and play more significant roles in the new revolution in science, technology and industry. We must adhere to true multilateralism, honor international obligations, and promote mutual learning and people-to-people exchanges among women worldwide. China is ready to work with countries around the world to expedite actions to create a brighter future for women's development and write a new chapter in the global progress of women.
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MAP OF THE ANCIENT SILK ROAD
\nIn the Gobi Desert of Northwest China, there is a place that appeals to all hearts: Dunhuang. Those who have visited often express a desire to return.
\nThe renowned scholar Ji Xianlin once said there are four major cultural systems in the world: China, India, Greece, and Islam. There is no fifth. And there is only one place where these four cultural systems converge: Dunhuang and the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. There is no other.
\nA trip to Dunhuang can be a journey through history, a pilgrimage for art, or a retreat for the soul. Every visitor leaves with memories to treasure.
\nSilk Road
\nDuring the reign of Emperor Wu in the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 24), envoy Zhang Qian was sent on missions to the western regions twice. He pioneered a land route that started from Chang'an (today's Xi'an), passed through the Hexi Corridor and Dunhuang, crossed the Tianshan Mountains, and continued to Central Asia, West Asia, and eventually the Mediterranean coast. This trade and cultural corridor linking East and West was later named the ancient Silk Road. From then on, the deep integration of technology, culture, art, and religion among the diverse nations along this route influenced the entire globe.
\nOn this vital route, two essential thoroughfares for merchants and envoys traveling to and from the western regions — the Yangguan and Yumen passes — served as thriving hubs. These two passes faced each other across the desert, jointly guarding the western end of the Hexi Corridor. Silk and tea were transported westward, while grapes, alfalfa, and fine horses were introduced eastward. Notably, the route through Yangguan Pass was relatively flat, had more water sources, and was less obstructed by desert sands, making it easier to traverse. It was thus metaphorically referred to by ancient people as the "bright and smooth path". Gradually, the term "Yangguan Avenue" became widely used in Chinese folk vocabulary.
\nThe Xuanquan Posthouse, a World Cultural Heritage Site in Dunhuang, was first opened to the public on May 1. Originally a crucial postal and courier station on the Silk Road over 2,100 years ago, it aided the delivery of official documents and hosted traveling envoys and officials. More than 70,000 relics, including bamboo or wooden slips, silk books, paper documents, crops, farming tools, and domestic animal bones, were unearthed from the site. Like keys unlocking the door to history, these artifacts showcase the daily lives of people from that era, offering a glimpse into the bustling activity and intricate details of Silk Road exchanges.
\nThe Sogdians emerged as the dominant commercial force along the ancient Silk Road from the fourth to eighth centuries with their distinctive organizational models and trade wisdom. Relying on family ties and homeland connections, they formed tightly coordinated caravans. They used Sassanian silver coins for transactions and established way stations in key cities like Dunhuang and Liangzhou. In Dunhuang's markets, Sassanian silver coins were exchanged for Chinese products, creating a vibrant trading scene on the ancient Silk Road.
\nGallery in desert
\nAmid the flourishing East-West trade, diverse civilizations converged in Dunhuang. Here lies one of the world's oldest and largest artistic treasures: the Mogao Caves. Dating back about 1,600 years, it is known as the "art gallery in the desert".
\nIn the fourth century, a virtuous monk named Lezun (or Yuezun) arrived at Mingsha Mountain and saw a burst of golden lights with the image of thousands of Buddhas inside. Inspired by this, he constructed the first cave on the cliff. Subsequently, artists and craftsmen from diverse dynasties continued to expand the caves. During the Sui Dynasty (581-618), artists blended previous styles with bold innovations, creating more harmonious color and painting schemes. This laid the foundation for the peak of Dunhuang art in the Tang Dynasty (618-907), whose murals are renowned for their vibrant colors, rich compositions, and lifelike figures, demonstrating highly advanced artistry and technical skills.
\nThe exquisite murals and painted sculptures in the Mogao Caves carry the cultural legacy of Buddhism's spread eastward. At the same time, figures from traditional Chinese mythology, such as Fuxi and Nyuwa — believed to be the creators of the Chinese people — also appear in Dunhuang's murals.
\nIn several Mogao Caves, the motif of Three Hares Sharing Ears appears. Three hares, each sharing one ear with another, run in a circle and are connected by the head. Yet, from all angles, each hare appears to have two ears. This design reflects the traditional Chinese creative concept of symbiosis. Hares, known for their strong reproductive ability, symbolize fertility and endless vitality. The number three in traditional Chinese culture represents auspiciousness and infinity. The three hares may also symbolize the Buddhist concepts of "past life", "present life" and "future life", embodying the ideas of reincarnation.
\nThe motif first appeared in Dunhuang in the sixth century and later spread along the ancient Silk Road to Central Asia, West Asia, Egypt, and Europe. It appeared on items such as metal plates in Afghanistan and church clocks in Germany, serving as a microcosm of cultural exchange.
\nAs a unique form of Buddhist art, the flying apsaras depicted in Dunhuang murals captivate viewers with their graceful and ethereal dance poses. The apsaras are shown playing the pipa lute with controlled and delicate hand movements, and their attire and makeup reflect women's fashion of that era. Breaking free from traditional conventions, the artists employed exaggerated techniques and dynamic lines, creating some of the most enchanting images in the caves.
\nOn the walls of the corridor in Cave 61 of the Mogao Caves, amid colorful clouds, the 28 constellations are depicted. Interspersed with 12 circular patterns, they showcase the images of the 12 zodiac signs. Although these zodiac images originated in the West, they coexist in the Mogao murals with the 28 constellations from Taoist and Confucian cultural elements.
\nBeyond this, Greek deities appear as guardian figures in the Mogao murals, while Indian mythological stories are woven into the narratives of the sutra illustrations. Exotic elements in diet, clothing, and music were all adapted in Dunhuang, ultimately creating a scene of "each culture showcases its beauty and all beauties are admired".
\nCultural bond
\nDunhuang culture is not only a crystallization of exchanges and mutual learning among multiple civilizations but a testament to the continuity and inclusiveness of Chinese civilization. It stands as a quiet testament to history.
\nIn the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220), the smooth operation of the ancient Silk Road was repeatedly challenged by the fight against the nomadic Xiongnu people. During this turbulent time, diplomat Ban Chao embarked on a mission to the western regions, where he remained for over 30 years. In his later years, however, Ban, with silver hair, missed his hometown deeply. He worried that physical weakness would stop him from pacifying the western regions. After careful consideration, he wrote to the imperial court: "I do not dare to hope to return to the heartland of China's Central Plains. I only wish to step into the Yumen Pass alive and see my homeland once more." These words convey the yearning of an elderly man who had spent half his life away from home. The Yumen Pass, standing at the western end of the Hexi Corridor, was an emotional landmark separating "hometown" from "foreign land" in the hearts of border defenders.
\nThe art of the Dunhuang Caves is a valuable source for modern cultural and artistic creations. These cultural elements have been widely applied in urban symbols, brand logos, craft design, fashion design, as well as films and television shows, providing inspiration to countless Chinese and international artists.
\nIn Cave 257 in the Mogao Caves, the painting The Deer King Jataka might evoke childhood memories for many born in the 1980s and 1990s. The animated film The Nine-Colored Deer, produced by the Shanghai Animation Film Studio in 1981, drew inspiration from this mural, bringing millennium-old Dunhuang art to modern audiences. Through the kindness and compassion of the nine-colored deer, the dishonesty of the king, and the greed of the queen, the story promotes virtues such as integrity and kindness. Looking at the eyes of the nine-colored deer in the mural, many children can see the emotion of benevolence and justice.
\nThe sacred canopy above a bodhisattva in the Dunhuang murals symbolizes the protection offered by bodhisattvas to all beings. The patterns of the sacred canopy in the Dunhuang murals did not follow a fixed style but continuously evolved with each dynasty. Later, when designing decorations for temples or cultural venues, artists drew on the form of the sacred canopy to create ceilings or decorative structures. Today, tourists can buy refrigerator magnets in the shape of the sacred canopy, inviting good wishes from Dunhuang into their own homes.
\nliyou@chinadaily.com.cn
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\nThis summer, the Mingsha Mountain and Crescent Spring scenic spot in Dunhuang in Northwest China's Gansu province gained widespread attention from tourists due to its starry night views. As night fell, a concert began. Tourists gathered on the towering dunes, singing heartily along to the music. Some turned on their phone flashlights, which shimmered in harmony with the night sky. The collective singing pierced through the darkness romantically, accompanied by a heart-warming light show.
\nCity brands
\nThe Mingsha Mountain and Crescent Spring scenic sites have been renowned far and wide for more than 1,000 years. Mingsha Mountain, featuring rugged ridges, has a base composed of gravel topped with fine sand in five colors — red, yellow, green, black and white — blending into a brilliant spectrum.
\nRemarkably, the sand here "can sing". It is speculated that the mountain emits enchanting sounds due to the mica in the sand grains or the friction and resonance of pitted particles. This phenomenon is also the origin of the name Mingsha Mountain, which means "singing sand mountain" in Chinese. The natural topography of the Mingsha Mountain provided the concert with exceptional acoustic effects.
\nThe Crescent Spring, nestled within Mingsha Mountain, derives its name from its resemblance to a crescent moon. Although located in the desert and surrounded by sand dunes, the spring has never been buried by shifting sands nor dried up through evaporation over thousands of years.
\nCurrently, the Dunhuang city government is using its rich tourism resources to advance the "two cities and two hubs" plan, positioning Dunhuang as a city of culture, a city of art and a hub for cultural creativity and exhibitions.
\nThe Mingsha Mountain and Crescent Spring scenic spot now covers 76.82 square kilometers and is recognized as a national 5A-level tourist attraction. There is also a slope known as the "fairy slope". Visitors there dress as feitian — the flying apsaras depicted in Dunhuang murals — or as princesses from Western countries and dance to the sound of camel bells, while photographers capture these enchanting moments.
\nThe Dunhuang Press and the Dunhuang Book Center stand as key cultural landmarks. They offer a quiet and homely atmosphere, inviting visitors to explore their collections and read in peace. Nearly 10,000 types of cultural and creative products have been sold here, bringing Dunhuang's profound history to life for a modern audience.
\nThe Dunhuang International Convention and Exhibition Center, Dunhuang Theater and Dunhuang International Hotel form a cluster of infrastructure supporting the local exhibition economy. The Silk Road (Dunhuang) International Cultural Expo, which has attracted participants from around the world, has become another key platform for cultural exchange.
\nGuardians of culture
\nPreserving cultural roots remain a commitment of the Dunhuang people. The history of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang dates back approximately 1,600 years. Since then, artisans from successive dynasties have spent over a millennium carving there. These caves feature fluttering ribbons and flying apsaras, the well-known nine-colored deer, exquisite paintings of the Qianshou Guanyin (Thousand-Hand Bodhisattva), valuable historical records on Dunhuang manuscripts and diverse painted sculptures with distinctive expressions from different dynasties.
\nThe millennium-old cultural treasure trove of ancient art is now digitally preserved. As an effective measure to protect the Mogao Caves, a digital library was launched for a worldwide audience, making more than 6,500 digital archives from the Mogao Caves, other cave sites, and the Dunhuang Library Cave available globally.
\nWith just a click, people can browse ultrahigh-resolution images of the caves. The platform has attracted visitors from 78 countries, generating more than 23 million visits.
\nRelying on the digital caves, users can engage in role-playing through different eras, interact with historical figures and witness the evolution of the caves from the late Tang Dynasty (618-907) to the end of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911).
\nThe Dunhuang Academy, a national institution for the conservation, management, and research of the Mogao Caves, launched a digital immersive exhibition in 2023 in collaboration with tech giant Tencent to help bring the stories of Dunhuang to the public. Users wearing virtual reality glasses can view the murals and details of Cave 285 up close. Using the VR device, they can also "fly" to the ceiling, immerse themselves in the storyline of the murals, and experience the charm of Dunhuang culture.
\nArt reinterpretation
\nThe reinterpretation of culture is another driving force behind the development of the tourism experience. Drawing on historical themes, contemporary artists have created awe-inspiring masterpieces.
\nThe classic dance drama Flower Rains Along Silk Road, based on Dunhuang murals and the ancient Silk Road, features images such as a flying apsara playing the pipa lute with a reversed hand. It has been performed in more than 40 countries and regions. Hailed as a "model of Chinese ethnic dance drama", the performance has become a symbol of cultural exchanges with the world.
\nThe dance drama Qianshou Qianyan, staged in Dunhuang, depicts flying apsaras coming down to the earth. Together with three other resident performance programs — Dunhuang Celebration, Encore Dunhuang and Ancient Sound of Dunhuang — they are praised by tourists as "four must-see performances in Dunhuang".
\nSongs of a Golden Age, the international touring version of Ancient Sound of Dunhuang, has been gaining international attention since its premiere on Oct 30, 2024. Using music as its language, the performance initiates a global dialogue that spans millennia. The orchestra brings together musicians from diverse backgrounds blending elements of music from China's Han (206 BC-AD 220) and Tang dynasties, Xinjiang Muqam performing art, raga from Western regions, and Greek music to create works that embody both traditional and modern aesthetics. Music becomes a cultural ambassador, bringing East and West together.
\nCurrently, Dunhuang culture has also entered campuses, where students read Dunhuang literature, practice Dunhuang calligraphy, recite Dunhuang poetry, sing Dunhuang songs, paint Dunhuang murals, perform Dunhuang dances, explore Dunhuang landmarks and tell Dunhuang stories.
\nDown-to-earth life
\nAs night falls and lights begin to glow, the Dunhuang Night Market comes alive with a vibrant picture, presenting a dazzling nighttime life.
\nThe streets are bustling with crowds, drawing visitors from all corners of the world. Some weave through the various stalls, selecting souvenirs that keep the memory of their visit alive, while others sit at roadside food stands, trying out authentic Dunhuang delicacies. The down-to-earth market activity brings Dunhuang culture into everyday life, generating a tangible, accessible and shareable way of living.
\nTang Dynasty-style streets are adorned with red lanterns that cast a warm glow from every storefront. The food area is a symphony of enticing smells: the rich fragrance of freshly baked meat, crispy shells of pies and juicy fillings, the savory scent of snacks made from local sand onions, and the sweet-tangy aroma of apricot juice, which shines in transparent cups with its inviting and vibrant color.
\nBeyond the culinary delights, the market's handicraft section is equally captivating. Luminous cups gleam under the lights, exquisite wood carvings attest the artisans' meticulous skills, and silk scarves inspired by Dunhuang murals, dazzle with their lively colors and intricate patterns.
\nArtisans create their works on-site. Their focused expressions and skilled techniques attract crowds of onlookers. With their tools, they bring Dunhuang's culture and art to life.
\nYoung people stroll through the Dunhuang Night Market in hanfu clothing adorned with mural-inspired elements, immersing themselves in the charm of the cultural corridor and the scenery reminiscent of the ancient dynasties.
\nLand of abundance
\nDunhuang is rich in melons and fruits. In the Gobi oasis, the temperature differences between day and night create the distinctive Dunhuang flavor. Li Guang apricots are known for being sweet and juicy, and Dunhuang Li Guang Apricots are officially recognized as a geographical indication product, a type of intellectual property that marks a product's specific origin and the qualities or reputation tied to that place. The fruit is also included in the country's catalog of "famous, special, excellent, and new-type" agricultural products.
\nMingshan dates, which capture the essence of the desert sun, are as red as agate, with thick flesh and small pits. Yangguan grapes, cultivated in the desert and nourished by snowmelt from the Qilian Mountains, are available in many varieties and have also been recognized as a geographical indication product.
\nDunhuang Ziyan Peaches, crisp in texture and sweet in taste, are beloved by people of all ages and celebrated as the queen of Gobi peaches. According to legend, these peaches trace their origin back to the peach banquet of the goddess Xiwangmu. In the story, the peaches ripened only once every three years, making them extraordinarily rare and precious. Later, changes in climate caused the quality of Ziyan Peaches to decline.
\nOne day, Xiwangmu had a dream. In a faraway land, she saw a golden sand mountain standing beside a clear, emerald-green spring. Around this spring lay an oasis where watermelons could grow, and she believed the land must also be suitable for cultivating Ziyan Peaches. She sent her divine messenger, the Sanqing Bird, to find this place. Flying over Sanwei Mountain in Dunhuang, the bird saw the land in dream, where the oasis would be filled with fragrant melons and fruits. Delighted by this vision, Xiwangmu commanded the Sanqing Bird to scatter the seeds of high-quality Ziyan Peaches across the skies above Mingsha Mountain. The seeds took root and flourished in the oasis by the spring. With abundant sunshine and a long frost-free season, the peaches thrived, growing into an exceptional variety that eventually became a celebrated local specialty.
\nInnovation-driven development
\nIn the western Gobi of Dunhuang, Shouhang High-tech Energy Technology, an enterprise engaged in research and development of solar thermal power, has built a 100-megawatt molten salt tower solar thermal power plant. The tower-type solar thermal power generation technology introduced by Shouhang has spread a "blue ocean" of photovoltaic panels across the Gobi Desert, protecting the fragile ecosystem while injecting green energy into industrial development.
\nDeploying 12,000 heliostats arranged in concentric circles around a 260-meter-high heat absorption tower, the heliostats in sum cover a total area of over 1.4 million square meters. Each mirror consists of 35 sub-mirrors. Paired with high-precision transmission mechanisms that accurately track sunlight and reflect it to the tower top, the mirrors are heating molten salt to achieve solar thermal power generation. During the day, the plant generates electricity while storing heat and at night, it continues to supply power using the stored thermal energy.
\nThe plant is designed to generate 390 million kilowatt-hours of electricity annually, reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 350,000 metric tons each year. It transforms the desert into an "energy oasis" and is the first 100 MW solar thermal power plant put into operation in China.
\nIn addition, smart irrigation systems are bringing new vitality to the desert oasis. With innovations in desert-control technology applied to the shifting dunes, the vision of "deserts recede, humans move in" has become a reality, creating a strong ecological barrier to safeguard cultural heritage. Drone inspections and satellite remote sensing technologies are now monitoring the growth of shelterbelts in real time, strengthening the outcomes of environmental initiatives such as the Three-North Shelterbelt Program. These technological advances ensure that every inch of Dunhuang's land remains protected, reflecting the harmonious coexistence of oasis and civilization.
\nGuangdong Huitian Aerospace Technology, in collaboration with the Dunhuang city government, launched the "land aircraft carrier" ecosystem recruitment program on Aug 28, aiming to recruit partners nationwide to promote the diversified development of a low-altitude flying ecosystem. This recruitment plan covers the entire business chain, including exhibition and sales, delivery, flight, training, and services, marking a crucial step for the company in commercial layout and user experience optimization.
\nIndustry insiders believe the project shows that the company is leveraging industry chain resources to build a closed-loop ecosystem involving hardware, services and scenarios, paving the way for large-scale operations in the low-altitude economy sector and offering new opportunities.
\nliyou@chinadaily.com.cn
\n", - "content": "\n\nThis summer, the Mingsha Mountain and Crescent Spring scenic spot in Dunhuang in Northwest China's Gansu province gained widespread attention from tourists due to its starry night views. As night fell, a concert began. Tourists gathered on the towering dunes, singing heartily along to the music. Some turned on their phone flashlights, which shimmered in harmony with the night sky. The collective singing pierced through the darkness romantically, accompanied by a heart-warming light show.
\nCity brands
\nThe Mingsha Mountain and Crescent Spring scenic sites have been renowned far and wide for more than 1,000 years. Mingsha Mountain, featuring rugged ridges, has a base composed of gravel topped with fine sand in five colors — red, yellow, green, black and white — blending into a brilliant spectrum.
\nRemarkably, the sand here "can sing". It is speculated that the mountain emits enchanting sounds due to the mica in the sand grains or the friction and resonance of pitted particles. This phenomenon is also the origin of the name Mingsha Mountain, which means "singing sand mountain" in Chinese. The natural topography of the Mingsha Mountain provided the concert with exceptional acoustic effects.
\nThe Crescent Spring, nestled within Mingsha Mountain, derives its name from its resemblance to a crescent moon. Although located in the desert and surrounded by sand dunes, the spring has never been buried by shifting sands nor dried up through evaporation over thousands of years.
\nCurrently, the Dunhuang city government is using its rich tourism resources to advance the "two cities and two hubs" plan, positioning Dunhuang as a city of culture, a city of art and a hub for cultural creativity and exhibitions.
\nThe Mingsha Mountain and Crescent Spring scenic spot now covers 76.82 square kilometers and is recognized as a national 5A-level tourist attraction. There is also a slope known as the "fairy slope". Visitors there dress as feitian — the flying apsaras depicted in Dunhuang murals — or as princesses from Western countries and dance to the sound of camel bells, while photographers capture these enchanting moments.
\nThe Dunhuang Press and the Dunhuang Book Center stand as key cultural landmarks. They offer a quiet and homely atmosphere, inviting visitors to explore their collections and read in peace. Nearly 10,000 types of cultural and creative products have been sold here, bringing Dunhuang's profound history to life for a modern audience.
\nThe Dunhuang International Convention and Exhibition Center, Dunhuang Theater and Dunhuang International Hotel form a cluster of infrastructure supporting the local exhibition economy. The Silk Road (Dunhuang) International Cultural Expo, which has attracted participants from around the world, has become another key platform for cultural exchange.
\nGuardians of culture
\nPreserving cultural roots remain a commitment of the Dunhuang people. The history of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang dates back approximately 1,600 years. Since then, artisans from successive dynasties have spent over a millennium carving there. These caves feature fluttering ribbons and flying apsaras, the well-known nine-colored deer, exquisite paintings of the Qianshou Guanyin (Thousand-Hand Bodhisattva), valuable historical records on Dunhuang manuscripts and diverse painted sculptures with distinctive expressions from different dynasties.
\nThe millennium-old cultural treasure trove of ancient art is now digitally preserved. As an effective measure to protect the Mogao Caves, a digital library was launched for a worldwide audience, making more than 6,500 digital archives from the Mogao Caves, other cave sites, and the Dunhuang Library Cave available globally.
\nWith just a click, people can browse ultrahigh-resolution images of the caves. The platform has attracted visitors from 78 countries, generating more than 23 million visits.
\nRelying on the digital caves, users can engage in role-playing through different eras, interact with historical figures and witness the evolution of the caves from the late Tang Dynasty (618-907) to the end of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911).
\nThe Dunhuang Academy, a national institution for the conservation, management, and research of the Mogao Caves, launched a digital immersive exhibition in 2023 in collaboration with tech giant Tencent to help bring the stories of Dunhuang to the public. Users wearing virtual reality glasses can view the murals and details of Cave 285 up close. Using the VR device, they can also "fly" to the ceiling, immerse themselves in the storyline of the murals, and experience the charm of Dunhuang culture.
\nArt reinterpretation
\nThe reinterpretation of culture is another driving force behind the development of the tourism experience. Drawing on historical themes, contemporary artists have created awe-inspiring masterpieces.
\nThe classic dance drama Flower Rains Along Silk Road, based on Dunhuang murals and the ancient Silk Road, features images such as a flying apsara playing the pipa lute with a reversed hand. It has been performed in more than 40 countries and regions. Hailed as a "model of Chinese ethnic dance drama", the performance has become a symbol of cultural exchanges with the world.
\nThe dance drama Qianshou Qianyan, staged in Dunhuang, depicts flying apsaras coming down to the earth. Together with three other resident performance programs — Dunhuang Celebration, Encore Dunhuang and Ancient Sound of Dunhuang — they are praised by tourists as "four must-see performances in Dunhuang".
\nSongs of a Golden Age, the international touring version of Ancient Sound of Dunhuang, has been gaining international attention since its premiere on Oct 30, 2024. Using music as its language, the performance initiates a global dialogue that spans millennia. The orchestra brings together musicians from diverse backgrounds blending elements of music from China's Han (206 BC-AD 220) and Tang dynasties, Xinjiang Muqam performing art, raga from Western regions, and Greek music to create works that embody both traditional and modern aesthetics. Music becomes a cultural ambassador, bringing East and West together.
\nCurrently, Dunhuang culture has also entered campuses, where students read Dunhuang literature, practice Dunhuang calligraphy, recite Dunhuang poetry, sing Dunhuang songs, paint Dunhuang murals, perform Dunhuang dances, explore Dunhuang landmarks and tell Dunhuang stories.
\nDown-to-earth life
\nAs night falls and lights begin to glow, the Dunhuang Night Market comes alive with a vibrant picture, presenting a dazzling nighttime life.
\nThe streets are bustling with crowds, drawing visitors from all corners of the world. Some weave through the various stalls, selecting souvenirs that keep the memory of their visit alive, while others sit at roadside food stands, trying out authentic Dunhuang delicacies. The down-to-earth market activity brings Dunhuang culture into everyday life, generating a tangible, accessible and shareable way of living.
\nTang Dynasty-style streets are adorned with red lanterns that cast a warm glow from every storefront. The food area is a symphony of enticing smells: the rich fragrance of freshly baked meat, crispy shells of pies and juicy fillings, the savory scent of snacks made from local sand onions, and the sweet-tangy aroma of apricot juice, which shines in transparent cups with its inviting and vibrant color.
\nBeyond the culinary delights, the market's handicraft section is equally captivating. Luminous cups gleam under the lights, exquisite wood carvings attest the artisans' meticulous skills, and silk scarves inspired by Dunhuang murals, dazzle with their lively colors and intricate patterns.
\nArtisans create their works on-site. Their focused expressions and skilled techniques attract crowds of onlookers. With their tools, they bring Dunhuang's culture and art to life.
\nYoung people stroll through the Dunhuang Night Market in hanfu clothing adorned with mural-inspired elements, immersing themselves in the charm of the cultural corridor and the scenery reminiscent of the ancient dynasties.
\nLand of abundance
\nDunhuang is rich in melons and fruits. In the Gobi oasis, the temperature differences between day and night create the distinctive Dunhuang flavor. Li Guang apricots are known for being sweet and juicy, and Dunhuang Li Guang Apricots are officially recognized as a geographical indication product, a type of intellectual property that marks a product's specific origin and the qualities or reputation tied to that place. The fruit is also included in the country's catalog of "famous, special, excellent, and new-type" agricultural products.
\nMingshan dates, which capture the essence of the desert sun, are as red as agate, with thick flesh and small pits. Yangguan grapes, cultivated in the desert and nourished by snowmelt from the Qilian Mountains, are available in many varieties and have also been recognized as a geographical indication product.
\nDunhuang Ziyan Peaches, crisp in texture and sweet in taste, are beloved by people of all ages and celebrated as the queen of Gobi peaches. According to legend, these peaches trace their origin back to the peach banquet of the goddess Xiwangmu. In the story, the peaches ripened only once every three years, making them extraordinarily rare and precious. Later, changes in climate caused the quality of Ziyan Peaches to decline.
\nOne day, Xiwangmu had a dream. In a faraway land, she saw a golden sand mountain standing beside a clear, emerald-green spring. Around this spring lay an oasis where watermelons could grow, and she believed the land must also be suitable for cultivating Ziyan Peaches. She sent her divine messenger, the Sanqing Bird, to find this place. Flying over Sanwei Mountain in Dunhuang, the bird saw the land in dream, where the oasis would be filled with fragrant melons and fruits. Delighted by this vision, Xiwangmu commanded the Sanqing Bird to scatter the seeds of high-quality Ziyan Peaches across the skies above Mingsha Mountain. The seeds took root and flourished in the oasis by the spring. With abundant sunshine and a long frost-free season, the peaches thrived, growing into an exceptional variety that eventually became a celebrated local specialty.
\nInnovation-driven development
\nIn the western Gobi of Dunhuang, Shouhang High-tech Energy Technology, an enterprise engaged in research and development of solar thermal power, has built a 100-megawatt molten salt tower solar thermal power plant. The tower-type solar thermal power generation technology introduced by Shouhang has spread a "blue ocean" of photovoltaic panels across the Gobi Desert, protecting the fragile ecosystem while injecting green energy into industrial development.
\nDeploying 12,000 heliostats arranged in concentric circles around a 260-meter-high heat absorption tower, the heliostats in sum cover a total area of over 1.4 million square meters. Each mirror consists of 35 sub-mirrors. Paired with high-precision transmission mechanisms that accurately track sunlight and reflect it to the tower top, the mirrors are heating molten salt to achieve solar thermal power generation. During the day, the plant generates electricity while storing heat and at night, it continues to supply power using the stored thermal energy.
\nThe plant is designed to generate 390 million kilowatt-hours of electricity annually, reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 350,000 metric tons each year. It transforms the desert into an "energy oasis" and is the first 100 MW solar thermal power plant put into operation in China.
\nIn addition, smart irrigation systems are bringing new vitality to the desert oasis. With innovations in desert-control technology applied to the shifting dunes, the vision of "deserts recede, humans move in" has become a reality, creating a strong ecological barrier to safeguard cultural heritage. Drone inspections and satellite remote sensing technologies are now monitoring the growth of shelterbelts in real time, strengthening the outcomes of environmental initiatives such as the Three-North Shelterbelt Program. These technological advances ensure that every inch of Dunhuang's land remains protected, reflecting the harmonious coexistence of oasis and civilization.
\nGuangdong Huitian Aerospace Technology, in collaboration with the Dunhuang city government, launched the "land aircraft carrier" ecosystem recruitment program on Aug 28, aiming to recruit partners nationwide to promote the diversified development of a low-altitude flying ecosystem. This recruitment plan covers the entire business chain, including exhibition and sales, delivery, flight, training, and services, marking a crucial step for the company in commercial layout and user experience optimization.
\nIndustry insiders believe the project shows that the company is leveraging industry chain resources to build a closed-loop ecosystem involving hardware, services and scenarios, paving the way for large-scale operations in the low-altitude economy sector and offering new opportunities.
\nliyou@chinadaily.com.cn
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-09/20/content_018_68cdd410ed50ccabe1519e5c.htm#018SUPPLEMENT", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Sat, 20 Sep 2025 00:21:07 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "5c4b7d67ddfc8e7286b511dcb72ca163", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "001FRONT - AI HEALTHCARE SOLUTIONS MAKE PROGRESS, BUT CAUTION URGED", "description": "![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-09-19/001/20250919_002_02_33.png\")
A doctor checks medical imaging diagnostic reports with the help of an artificial intelligence assistant at a hospital in Huzhou, Zhejiang province, in February 2024.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-09-19/001/20250919_002_02_25.png\")
A doctor diagnoses a patient at a village clinic in Lingchuan county, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, with help from a medical expert via video link.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-09-19/001/20250919_002_02_16.png\")
A health worker helps an elderly woman use artificial intelligence-based medical examination equipment in Tianjin's Dongli district in October.
\nXu Ruru, 36, opened a taxi door to help his frail, elderly mother step onto the curb as a Beijing wind howled last winter.
\nIn his hands, he held a thick stack of medical reports. Before the duo loomed the gate of a major hospital and a sign that read — "No entry. Use other gate."
\nA factory worker from Hengshui Hebei province, Xu balanced his mother's arm with one hand and their luggage with the other. With numb fingers, he fumbled for his phone — and pulled off his gloves with his teeth to check an online map of the hospital. The nearest entry gate was a 10-minute walk away.
\nIt was Xu's eighth trip from Hengshui to Beijing in two years. His mother had never fully recovered after a traffic accident, joining a multitude of patients who visit the capita seeking advanced medical care.
\n"I mapped everything in advance," Xu said. "Still, there is always something to break us."
\nOn this visit, his mother needed a CT scan, X-ray and a blood test — each on separate hospital floors. Missing one appointment risked cancellation of the others.
\nIn an online scramble, Zhao seized the 8:30 am CT slot and secured one of four appointment times.
\n"If we'd arrived minutes later after her other tests," he said, "we'd have lost it and needed to come back the next day."
\nInside the hospital, similar scenes continue to unfold almost daily.
\nPatients become frustrated after forfeiting appointments because they have entered the wrong wing, or taken the stairs to the wrong floor.
\nBeijing's top hospitals see hundreds of thousands of patients every day. For locals it can be a challenge, for outsiders like Xu and his mother, a visit to a hospital can be a maze of wrong turns, ticking time and tricky logistics.
\nEasier access
\nWhat some patients accept as "normal" — multiple check-ins, scattered departments, tight scheduling — is what Tsinghua University's Institute for AI Industry Research aimed to address when it launched Agent Hospital 1 on June 30.
\nAgent Hospital 1 is a digital platform that patients can access to act as a personal health assistant, tracking their medical history and helping them locate the most suitable treatment facility or personnel.
\nFor medical professionals, the platform performs as an assistant, providing advice and doing other less-pressing tasks.
\nThe platform has a total of 42 AI "doctor agents" covering 21 specialist areas who can provide users with guidance and information. Agent Hospital 1's claimed purpose is to achieve the "impossible triangle", described by medical professionals as the meeting of "quality, affordability and access".
\n"When using the patient-client services, one will have access to several helpful features designed to improve the healthcare experience," said Liu Yang, executive dean of the institute, which developed the platform, one of the first of its kind in the world.
\n"It helps create and manage patients' personal health records, using past checkup information to analyze health and provide early warnings about potential concerns."
\nWith a patient's permission, the platform's "patient assistant" gathers and organizes basic medical details for doctors ahead of time, making the appointment process more efficient.
\nIf the patient is unsure where to start, the service offers an AI "nurse assistant" that suggests the right hospital department based on the symptoms described.
\nThe assistant automatically collects relevant information from patients, helping them to make the consultation smoother.
\n"We are also building AI assistants to reduce doctors' administrative burden," Liu said.
\nIncreased efficiency
\nThe doctor function of the platform offers physicians several tools to enhance their handling of patients.
\n"It enables intelligent assistant collaboration during consultations, where AI-powered assistants provide real-time dialogue prompts and support parallel patient interactions to boost diagnostic efficiency," Zijing Zhikang, a company that assisted in the development of the program, said in a news release.
\nFor critical decisions, the AI system delivers detailed suggestions, which augment diagnostic accuracy, but preserve the physician's ultimate decision-making authority.
\nAnother feature allows doctors to build digital counterparts after enough interactions.
\n"The platform automates real-time medical record documentation, significantly reducing administrative burdens and allowing doctors to focus fully on patient care," Liu said. The system also assists with post-consultation follow-up reminders, releases appointment slots, and addresses clinical workflows, he added.
\nPowering the platform is the Simulacrum-based Evolutionary Agent Learning, an AI system developed by the Tsinghua institute.
\nUnlike AI trained on real patient data, which risks privacy breaches, SEAL generates synthetic populations that mirror human physiology. Its "digital patients" develop complex conditions from simulated air pollution or genetic mutations, training AI doctors through millions of "crises" no real hospital could ethically stage.
\nBeijing forum
\nHowever, for AI healthcare solutions to be used responsibly and help solve health issues, experts said frameworks for governance, ethical deployment and international collaboration are essential.
\nThese challenges took center stage at a recent China-ASEAN forum, said Zhang Li, chief representative of the Asia-Pacific Medical Technology Association in China.
\nExperts from around Asia — attracted by China's development of the use of AI in public health — gathered in Beijing for the 3rd Forum on China-ASEAN Cooperation in Public Health from July 2 to July 4, aiming to deepen collaboration on AI-driven public health innovations.
\nAI usage in the field of medical care raises a wide range of concerns, the forum heard.
\nMany experts warned expanding the use of AI in healthcare has significant potential risks and ethical issues, such as identifying responsibility when accidents or mistakes happen in the treatment of patients. Misuse of patients' private information is another area that needs scrutiny.
\nKidong Park, director of data, strategy and innovation at the World Health Organization's Western Pacific Regional Office, said the health organization advocates a dual approach in addressing the risks posed by medical AI — governance that focuses on value-based and ethical safeguards is key, working in tandem with regulation, which provides a legal baseline and accountability.
\n"This synergy is vital to harnessing AI's benefits for public health while preventing the exacerbation of health inequities," he said.
\nUnified approach
\nAI also has a pivotal role to play in dealing with the rising global burden of chronic disease and the growing need for drug development.
\nAt the forum, Professor Xu Ming of Peking University addressed AI's impact on international clinical trials, using oncology drug development as an example.
\n"AI optimizes trials through automated participant screening, image analysis, and using real-world data to create synthetic control arms," Xu said.
\nHe also emphasized the need for improvement of regulations to ensure ethical reviews and data security. Low- and middle-income countries should have equitable access to the technology, he added.
\nAcross the Asia-Pacific region, AI applications in medical technology are seeing common challenges in areas such as access, capability and public trust, Su Fen Ong, an expert with the Asia Pacific Medical Technology Association's Digital Health & AI Committee, said at the forum.
\nIssues that need to be addressed include reimbursement mechanisms, cultivation of med-tech talent, and fostering cross-border data agreements. A multi-stakeholder governance system is also essential to realize AI's full value in healthcare, she added.
\nA number of experts at the forum recognized AI's huge potential in medical technology. They agreed that AI's healthcare applications are expanding beyond hospital-based tasks like diagnostics and administration, and reaching into areas like home care and chronic disease management.
\nGlobally, consensus is growing on the need for safety, ethics, and regulation of AI medical products.
\nJoint efforts, transnational cooperation, and integrated hardware-software solutions are pathways to achieve a global impact, the experts said.
\nFor patients like Xu's mother, AI healthcare is no longer abstract tech, but a new hope for a more efficient system.
\n"While innovations like Agent Hospital tackle these inefficiencies — coordinating care and freeing doctors — their true power for millions hinges on solving the bigger picture: ensuring ethical, equitable access across divides," Liu from the institute said.
\nweiwangyu@chinadaily.com.cn
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