vault backup: 2025-08-22 13:04:23
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"description": "人民日报社主管主办，原名《文史参考》，“真相、趣味、良知”，为学术界搭建话语平台，为新锐者提供思想阵地，为文史爱好者营造精神家园。",
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"title": "不到 400 元满足全学龄，DIY 实木电动升降儿童桌组装实记",
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"description": "不满足市面现成的升降桌方案？不妨试试通过闲鱼淘货 + 自购竹板，花费不到 400 元就能拥有儿童专属的「电动升降学习桌」。<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/101073\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
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"content": "不满足市面现成的升降桌方案？不妨试试通过闲鱼淘货 + 自购竹板，花费不到 400 元就能拥有儿童专属的「电动升降学习桌」。<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/101073\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
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"creator": "玩出个名堂",
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"pubDate": "Fri, 22 Aug 2025 11:30:00 +0800",
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"title": "派早报：荣耀发布小折叠屏手机 Magic V Flip2 等",
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"description": "罗技 G 推出 8K 客制化机械游戏键盘 G316 X，高通发布骁龙 W5/W5+ Gen 2 智能手表芯片等。<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/102019\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
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"title": "为什么牛吃素可以长那么壮？而人不吃荤就不行？",
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"description": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-1b59db620365bc1dda38d0b8a5992164_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>你以为牛天天吃草就能长那么壮，其实它是吃荤的才能长这么壮。牛吃草只是在饲养体内的共生生物们（鞭毛虫、纤毛虫和细菌们）。</p>\n<p>严格来说牛自身对植物纤维的消化吸收的能力很差，但是它却可以利用胃里的共生微生物们来消化植物，间接吸收植物的营养和消化吸收微生物们。</p>\n<p>众所周知牛有瘤网瓣皱四个胃，只有最后的皱胃是分泌胃酸有消化能力的胃，也称之为“真胃”，瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃从解剖学来说应该算是食道的一部分，主要作用就是用来发酵草料并饲养鞭毛虫、纤毛虫和其他细菌真菌等微生物。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-2408ce2b6ff8e86bf5a2bbb1c8436586_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>鞭毛虫主要生活在牛的瘤胃和网胃中，纤毛虫主要生活在瘤胃里。牛的瘤胃是弱酸（ph5.5-6.5）、恒温的无氧环境，非常适合这些共生厌氧微生物的生长。</p>\n<p>鞭毛虫以瘤胃里的细菌、真菌、淀粉和糖为食，并且产生短链脂肪酸给牛提供能量。虽然鞭毛虫不直接分解纤维素但是可以影响纤维素分解菌的活性，优化纤维发酵效率。纤毛虫能分泌纤维素酶，把植物纤维消化分解成糖滋养细菌们，也可以发酵淀粉来减少乳酸堆积，稳定瘤胃的 ph 值。</p>\n<p>鞭毛虫、纤毛虫和其他细菌们最终会随着食糜一起进入皱胃（真胃）和小肠被消化吸收，给牛提供大量的蛋白质能量。纤毛虫提供的蛋白质约占牛总蛋白摄入的 5-15%，鞭毛虫的贡献通常低于 2%，瘤胃细菌是牛的主要蛋白质来源 60-70%。</p>\n<p>牛为了获得更多的蛋白质，还进化出了特殊的尿素循环。血液中的尿素 40-70%通过瘤胃胃壁进入瘤胃，还有部分尿素随着唾液进入消化道。瘤胃里的微生物们分泌脲酶将尿素分解并合成蛋白质（可为牛提供约 20-30%的日粮蛋白质）。人类还会特意在成年牛的饲料里面添加尿素，以便牛能获得更多的蛋白质。</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n\n\n<div><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/1900810323939787361\">查看知乎讨论<span></span></a></div>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n</div><br><hr><div>获取更多RSS：<br><a href=\"https://feedx.net\" style=\"color:orange\" target=\"_blank\">https://feedx.net</a> <br><a href=\"https://feedx.site\" style=\"color:orange\" target=\"_blank\">https://feedx.site</a><br></div>",
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"content": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-1b59db620365bc1dda38d0b8a5992164_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>你以为牛天天吃草就能长那么壮，其实它是吃荤的才能长这么壮。牛吃草只是在饲养体内的共生生物们（鞭毛虫、纤毛虫和细菌们）。</p>\n<p>严格来说牛自身对植物纤维的消化吸收的能力很差，但是它却可以利用胃里的共生微生物们来消化植物，间接吸收植物的营养和消化吸收微生物们。</p>\n<p>众所周知牛有瘤网瓣皱四个胃，只有最后的皱胃是分泌胃酸有消化能力的胃，也称之为“真胃”，瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃从解剖学来说应该算是食道的一部分，主要作用就是用来发酵草料并饲养鞭毛虫、纤毛虫和其他细菌真菌等微生物。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-2408ce2b6ff8e86bf5a2bbb1c8436586_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>鞭毛虫主要生活在牛的瘤胃和网胃中，纤毛虫主要生活在瘤胃里。牛的瘤胃是弱酸（ph5.5-6.5）、恒温的无氧环境，非常适合这些共生厌氧微生物的生长。</p>\n<p>鞭毛虫以瘤胃里的细菌、真菌、淀粉和糖为食，并且产生短链脂肪酸给牛提供能量。虽然鞭毛虫不直接分解纤维素但是可以影响纤维素分解菌的活性，优化纤维发酵效率。纤毛虫能分泌纤维素酶，把植物纤维消化分解成糖滋养细菌们，也可以发酵淀粉来减少乳酸堆积，稳定瘤胃的 ph 值。</p>\n<p>鞭毛虫、纤毛虫和其他细菌们最终会随着食糜一起进入皱胃（真胃）和小肠被消化吸收，给牛提供大量的蛋白质能量。纤毛虫提供的蛋白质约占牛总蛋白摄入的 5-15%，鞭毛虫的贡献通常低于 2%，瘤胃细菌是牛的主要蛋白质来源 60-70%。</p>\n<p>牛为了获得更多的蛋白质，还进化出了特殊的尿素循环。血液中的尿素 40-70%通过瘤胃胃壁进入瘤胃，还有部分尿素随着唾液进入消化道。瘤胃里的微生物们分泌脲酶将尿素分解并合成蛋白质（可为牛提供约 20-30%的日粮蛋白质）。人类还会特意在成年牛的饲料里面添加尿素，以便牛能获得更多的蛋白质。</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n\n\n<div><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/1900810323939787361\">查看知乎讨论<span></span></a></div>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n</div><br><hr><div>获取更多RSS：<br><a href=\"https://feedx.net\" style=\"color:orange\" target=\"_blank\">https://feedx.net</a> <br><a href=\"https://feedx.site\" style=\"color:orange\" target=\"_blank\">https://feedx.site</a><br></div>",
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"link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783306",
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"pubDate": "Sun, 17 Aug 2025 00:27:03 +0000",
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"title": "使用Python6年后，发现学Python看完这几本书少走一半弯路，别错过",
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"description": "在前面6年里，它一直是我热衷使用并不断研究的语言，迄今为止，python都非常友好并且易于学习！",
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"title": "011WORLD - Industrial goods to suffer as US widens metals tariffs",
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"description": "<div></div><img src=\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-21/011/20250821_011_03_15651.png\" /><p>A worker welds at a steel manufacturing facility in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, on July 16.</p>\n<p> WASHINGTON — The United States has broadened the reach of its steel and aluminum tariffs, the Commerce Department said on Tuesday, affecting hundreds more products that contain both metals, such as child seats, tableware and heavy equipment.</p>\n<p> The Bureau of Industry and Security said in a recent notice that it was adding 407 product types to a list of items considered steel and aluminum "derivative products".</p>\n<p> This means a 50 percent tariff on both metals — imposed by President Donald Trump's administration earlier in the year — will apply to their steel and aluminum content.</p>\n<p> The widened scope took effect on Monday, and the notice detailing the changes was published in the Federal Register on Tuesday.</p>\n<p> "Today's action covers wind turbines and their parts and components, mobile cranes, bulldozers and other heavy equipment, railcars, furniture, compressors and pumps, and hundreds of other products," the Commerce Department said on Tuesday.</p>\n<p> The department is also adding imported parts for automotive exhaust systems and electrical steel needed for electric vehicles to the new tariffs, as well as components for buses, air conditioners and appliances, including refrigerators, freezers and dryers.</p>\n<p> A group of foreign automakers had urged the department not to add the parts, saying the US does not have the domestic capacity to handle current demand.</p>\n<p> Jeffrey Kessler, US under secretary of commerce for industry and security, said the move "shuts down avenues for circumvention", reiterating the aim of boosting the US steel and aluminum industries.</p>\n<p> Since returning to the presidency, Trump has imposed a 10 percent tariff on almost all US trading partners, alongside varying steeper levels on dozens of economies such as the European Union and Japan.</p>\n<p> Certain sectors have been spared from these countrywide tariff levels but were instead targeted under different authorities by even higher duties.</p>\n<p> In the case of steel and aluminum, the administration initially unveiled a 25 percent tariff on imports of both metals before doubling this to 50 percent in June.</p>\n<p> Although the influence of the tariffs on consumer prices has been limited so far, economists warn that their full effects are yet to be seen.</p>\n<p> For now, some businesses have coped by bringing forward purchases of products that they expected would encounter tariffs. Others have passed on additional costs to their consumers or absorbed a part of the fresh tariff burden.</p>\n<p> However, analysts note that importers and retailers will unlikely be able to bear these costs indefinitely, and could eventually raise consumer prices.</p>\n<p> Some economists argue that the inflation hit will be one-off, but others are wary of more persistent effects.</p>\n<p></p>",
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"content": "<div></div><img src=\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-21/011/20250821_011_03_15651.png\" /><p>A worker welds at a steel manufacturing facility in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, on July 16.</p>\n<p> WASHINGTON — The United States has broadened the reach of its steel and aluminum tariffs, the Commerce Department said on Tuesday, affecting hundreds more products that contain both metals, such as child seats, tableware and heavy equipment.</p>\n<p> The Bureau of Industry and Security said in a recent notice that it was adding 407 product types to a list of items considered steel and aluminum "derivative products".</p>\n<p> This means a 50 percent tariff on both metals — imposed by President Donald Trump's administration earlier in the year — will apply to their steel and aluminum content.</p>\n<p> The widened scope took effect on Monday, and the notice detailing the changes was published in the Federal Register on Tuesday.</p>\n<p> "Today's action covers wind turbines and their parts and components, mobile cranes, bulldozers and other heavy equipment, railcars, furniture, compressors and pumps, and hundreds of other products," the Commerce Department said on Tuesday.</p>\n<p> The department is also adding imported parts for automotive exhaust systems and electrical steel needed for electric vehicles to the new tariffs, as well as components for buses, air conditioners and appliances, including refrigerators, freezers and dryers.</p>\n<p> A group of foreign automakers had urged the department not to add the parts, saying the US does not have the domestic capacity to handle current demand.</p>\n<p> Jeffrey Kessler, US under secretary of commerce for industry and security, said the move "shuts down avenues for circumvention", reiterating the aim of boosting the US steel and aluminum industries.</p>\n<p> Since returning to the presidency, Trump has imposed a 10 percent tariff on almost all US trading partners, alongside varying steeper levels on dozens of economies such as the European Union and Japan.</p>\n<p> Certain sectors have been spared from these countrywide tariff levels but were instead targeted under different authorities by even higher duties.</p>\n<p> In the case of steel and aluminum, the administration initially unveiled a 25 percent tariff on imports of both metals before doubling this to 50 percent in June.</p>\n<p> Although the influence of the tariffs on consumer prices has been limited so far, economists warn that their full effects are yet to be seen.</p>\n<p> For now, some businesses have coped by bringing forward purchases of products that they expected would encounter tariffs. Others have passed on additional costs to their consumers or absorbed a part of the fresh tariff burden.</p>\n<p> However, analysts note that importers and retailers will unlikely be able to bear these costs indefinitely, and could eventually raise consumer prices.</p>\n<p> Some economists argue that the inflation hit will be one-off, but others are wary of more persistent effects.</p>\n<p></p>",
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"title": "001FRONT - FROM AI TO DRONES, FIRMS DELIVER INDUSTRY OF FUTURE",
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"description": "<div></div><img src=\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/001/20250820_002_01_30744.png\" /><p>Staff load parcels onto a high-speed train at Hengdian railway station in Jinhua, Zhejiang province on Aug 11.</p>\n<img src=\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/001/20250820_002_01_64744.png\" /><p>Workers load parcels onto trucks for dispatch to various provinces at ZTO Express' Shanghai transit hub on Aug 5.</p>\n<img src=\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/001/20250820_002_01_105744.png\" /><p>A drone carrying parcels arrives at a landing pad in Jinhua, Zhejiang, as part of the province's first regular operation combining specialized rail and drone services on July 31.</p>\n<img src=\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/001/20250820_002_01_81744.png\" /><p>Workers put packages onto an automated sorting line at the ZTO Express' parcel-sorting center in Shanghai.</p>\n<img src=\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/001/20250820_002_01_47744.png\" /><p>ZTO Express workers sort newly arrived parcels from other regions and reload them onto trucks bound for express delivery stations in Shanghai on Aug 5.</p>\n<img src=\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-20/001/20250820_002_01_108744.png\" />\n<p> Each day, more than 500 million parcels are collected nationwide, meaning that every second nearly 6,000 items are shuttled into the express delivery process.</p>\n<p> These statistics, showing average daily operations, were released by the State Post Bureau in July, and reflect the staggering size and progress of the industry in China.</p>\n<p> The sector, which has maintained its position as the world's largest express delivery market for 11 consecutive years, is another hallmark of the country's efficiency and technological innovation, experts said.</p>\n<p> From 2014 to 2024, China's express delivery volume leaped from 14 billion to a whopping 174.5 billion parcels, accompanied by a significant drop in the average delivery price from over 14 yuan ($1.95) to 8 yuan per parcel.</p>\n<p> Behind such colossal volume is efficient resource allocation and technological prowess, with the industry evolving from labor-intensive operations to technology-driven processes.</p>\n<p> "The moment a user places an order to send a parcel on his or her mobile phone, the smart system of a courier company activates a chain of automated responses, including which courier will be assigned to pick up the parcel, which outlet the parcel will go to, which vehicle it will be on, and its scheduled arrival time at various points along the route," said Yang Qingyue, a public relations manager for delivery company ZTO Express.</p>\n<p> "The entire process is automated, with heavy human intervention only required at the sending and receiving ends, including interactions with the clients," Yang said.</p>\n<p> Zhao Chongjiu, director of the State Post Bureau, attributed the acceleration of express deliveries in the first half of this year to the expanded use of air services and high-speed rail, and a wider application of unmanned vehicles and stations, together with artificial intelligence technologies.</p>\n<p> "All of this resulted in more areas being included in service circles, where customers can receive their parcels the next day," said Zhao.</p>\n<p> The bureau aims to further improve the industry through intelligent sorting, encrypted transportation, real-time tracking, AI-powered anomaly detection, and the expansion of unmanned delivery stations, industry experts said.</p>\n<p> <b>Automated, intelligent</b></p>\n<p> At the Shanghai sorting center of YTO Express in Qingpu district on the municipality's outskirt, Qian Yi and his colleagues deal with parcels arriving from outside the city.</p>\n<p> Under the scorching summer sun, conveyor belts that are part of the smart sorting system are extended into delivery trucks.</p>\n<p> Workers place parcels on the conveyor belts one after another, ensuring that the electronic waybills face upward. This allows the automated sorting system to scan the barcode, identify the parcel's destination, and direct it to the correct location after it runs through a complex network of conveyor belts.</p>\n<p> The cross-belt sorter consists of interconnected sections, akin to train compartments, with each section processing a single parcel. As a parcel reaches its correct position, the belt shifts and guides it into a collection bag below.</p>\n<p> When the bags are full, workers seal them and place them on conveyor belts that carry them to trucks bound for distribution outlets.</p>\n<p> "The conveyor belts move at a speed that can carry 240 packages per minute, which is a dizzying speed but accurate, and requires no human intervention or secondary verification," said Qian, the 29-year-old lLine truncated
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