vault backup: 2025-07-23 00:31:35
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"title": "你家宽带真达标了?开源项目 MySpeed 帮你自动后台测速,可保留30天数据",
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"description": "MySpeed 是一个开源项目,适合拥有 NAS、小主机,以及服务器的用户,支持 Docker 部署。它可以帮你在后台每小时自动测速一次,然后统计出图表,让你随时掌握宽带情况。也可以在 VPS、云主机 ",
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"content": "\n<p><strong>MySpeed</strong> 是一个开源项目,适合拥有 NAS、小主机,以及服务器的用户,支持 Docker 部署。它可以帮你在后台每小时自动测速一次,然后统计出图表,让你随时掌握宽带情况。也可以在 VPS、云主机等公共数据中心使用,简单易用。@<a href=\"https://www.appinn.com/myspeed/\">Appinn</a></p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1608\" height=\"700\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-21T145415.104.jpg\" alt=\"你家宽带真达标了?开源项目 MySpeed 帮你自动后台测速,可保留30天数据 2\" class=\"wp-image-52891\" title=\"你家宽带真达标了?开源项目 MySpeed 帮你自动后台测速,可保留30天数据 2\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-21T145415.104.jpg 1608w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-21T145415.104-768x334.jpg 768w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-21T145415.104-1536x669.jpg 1536w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-21T145415.104-804x350.jpg 804w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1608px) 100vw, 1608px\" /></figure>\n\n\n\n<p>测速工具很常见,但能够在后台持续测速的不多。</p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">MySpeed 部署 && 使用</h2>\n\n\n\n<p>通过 Docker 部署非常容易:</p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\">\ndocker run -d -p 5216:5216 -v myspeed:/myspeed/data --restart=unless-stopped --name MySpeed germannewsmaker/myspeed\n</pre></div>\n\n\n<p>然后就可以通过 http://ip地址:5216 来访问了,长这样:</p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1548\" height=\"1013\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250721145646@2x.avif\" alt=\"你家宽带真达标了?开源项目 MySpeed 帮你自动后台测速,可保留30天数据 3\" class=\"wp-image-52892\" title=\"你家宽带真达标了?开源项目 MySpeed 帮你自动后台测速,可保留30天数据 3\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250721145646@2x.avif 1548w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250721145646@2x-768x503.jpg 768w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250721145646@2x-1536x1005.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1548px) 100vw, 1548px\" /></figure>\n\n\n\n<p>详细页面长这样:</p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1598\" height=\"1158\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250721145810@2x.avif\" alt=\"你家宽带真达标了?开源项目 MySpeed 帮你自动后台测速,可保留30天数据 4\" class=\"wp-image-52893\" title=\"你家宽带真达标了?开源项目 MySpeed 帮你自动后台测速,可保留30天数据 4\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250721145810@2x.avif 1598w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250721145810@2x-768x557.jpg 768w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250721145810@2x-1536x1113.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1598px) 100vw, 1598px\" /></figure>\n\n\n\n<p>可以从三个测速源中选择:</p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ookla(Speedtest.net)</li>\n\n\n\n<li>LibreSpeed</li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cloudflare</li>\n</ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"690\" height=\"543\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250721145803@2x1.avif\" alt=\"你家宽带真达标了?开源项目 MySpeed 帮你自动后台测速,可保留30天数据 5\" class=\"wp-image-52895\" title=\"你家宽带真达标了?开源项目 MySpeed 帮你自动后台测速,可保留30天数据 5\"></figure></div>\n\n\n<p>然后就可以放在后台,不管它啦。</p>\n\n\n\n<p>默认情况下,它会每小时测速一次,不过可以通过设置菜单修改。</p>\n\n\n\n<p>下方截图中的中文翻译有些问题,但也不妨碍理解:</p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"920\" height=\"961\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250721150626@2x.avif\" alt=\"你家宽带真达标了?开源项目 MySpeed 帮你自动后台测速,可保留30天数据 6\" class=\"wp-image-52896\" title=\"你家宽带真达标了?开源项目 MySpeed 帮你自动后台测速,可保留30天数据 6\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250721150626@2x.avif 920w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250721150626@2x-768x802.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-widLine truncated
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"title": "手机系统不一样,如何远程帮父母的小米手机解决问题?",
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"description": "前几天,有同学问:父母用小米手机,自己用 iPhone 和 vivo,远程协助由什么推荐方案吗? 青小蛙也想知道有没有解决方案,毕竟现在差不多远程控制 = 诈骗,就…很难。于是把问题抛到了 ",
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"title": "程序员延寿计算器:长寿算法大师来了!",
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"description": "就…很离谱。 前几天,群里有大佬发了一个链接: 于是,青小蛙就跑去研究了一下。初看,这是一个没有代码的项目(GitHub),但有着3万多颗星星: 一般情况下,只有小作文可以在没有代码的情况 ",
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"content": "\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"1800\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/health_report-2025-07-18.avif\" alt=\"程序员延寿计算器:长寿算法大师来了! 26\" class=\"wp-image-52857\" title=\"程序员延寿计算器:长寿算法大师来了! 26\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/health_report-2025-07-18.avif 800w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/health_report-2025-07-18-768x1728.jpg 768w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/health_report-2025-07-18-683x1536.jpg 683w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" /></figure>\n\n\n\n<p>就…很离谱。</p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>官网:<a href=\"https://buff.meiyongxia.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">程序员延寿计算器</a> (<a href=\"https://buff.meiyongxia.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https://buff.meiyongxia.com/</a>)</li>\n\n\n\n<li>开源:<a href=\"https://github.com/scavin/buff-meiyongxia/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GitHub</a></li>\n</ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"/>\n\n\n\n<p>前几天,群里有大佬发了一个链接:</p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"432\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250715163807@2x.avif\" alt=\"程序员延寿计算器:长寿算法大师来了! 27\" class=\"wp-image-52822\" title=\"程序员延寿计算器:长寿算法大师来了! 27\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250715163807@2x.avif 1080w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250715163807@2x-768x307.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" /></figure>\n\n\n\n<p>于是,青小蛙就跑去研究了一下。初看,这是一个没有代码的项目(<a href=\"https://github.com/geekan/HowToLiveLonger\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GitHub</a>),但有着3万多颗星星:</p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2482\" height=\"794\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250713164834@2x.avif\" alt=\"程序员延寿计算器:长寿算法大师来了! 28\" class=\"wp-image-52823\" title=\"程序员延寿计算器:长寿算法大师来了! 28\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250713164834@2x.avif 2482w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250713164834@2x-768x246.jpg 768w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250713164834@2x-1536x491.jpg 1536w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250713164834@2x-2048x655.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2482px) 100vw, 2482px\" /></figure>\n\n\n\n<p>一般情况下,只有小作文可以在没有代码的情况下,获得这么多的星星。难道?果然,这是一篇文章,纯文章,给程序员使用的,但没有一行代码。</p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"990\" height=\"1672\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250713164943@2x.avif\" alt=\"程序员延寿计算器:长寿算法大师来了! 29\" class=\"wp-image-52824\" title=\"程序员延寿计算器:长寿算法大师来了! 29\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250713164943@2x.avif 990w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250713164943@2x-768x1297.jpg 768w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250713164943@2x-909x1536.jpg 909w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 990px) 100vw, 990px\" /></figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>先看目标</strong>:</p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>稳健的活得更久</li>\n\n\n\n<li>花更少时间工作:见MetaGPT</li>\n</ol>\n\n\n\n<p>而 MetaGPT 是…</p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"482\" height=\"818\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250713165258@2x-1.avif\" alt=\"程序员延寿计算器:长寿算法大师来了! 30\" class=\"wp-image-52826\" title=\"程序员延寿计算器:长寿算法大师来了! 30\"></figure></div>\n\n\n<p>它可以解决这个问题:当老板和你说:“设计一款和头条一样的手机应用”时,你可以用它生成一整用户故事、竞品分析、需求、数据结构、APIs、文件等,从而优雅的将这个问题再踢回老板。</p>\n\n\n\n<p>达到「稳健的活得更久」、「花更少时间工作」这两个目的。</p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>再看关键结果</strong></h2>\n\n\n\n<p>让我们继续,程序员延寿指南可以让程序员:</p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>降低 66.67% 全因死亡率</li>\n\n\n\n<li>Line truncated
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"pubDate": "Fri, 18 Jul 2025 07:10:47 +0000",
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"title": "时隔 1352 天,Foxmail 诈尸级两连更,更新了什么?",
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"description": "Foxmail 在时隔 1352 天之后,连续进行了 2 个小版本更新,最新版为 2025-07-16 更新的 Foxmail 7.2.25.427 版本。距上一次更新(2021-11-03)已经4年 ",
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"title": "[教程]在 Claude Code 中使用 Kimi K2 大模型",
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"description": "Claude Code 是由 Anthropic 推出的 AI 编程助手,用起来非常顺手,用户只需要将指令提交给 Claude Code,然后刷刷手机,代码就写好了。 但由于 Cl ",
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"content": "\n<p><strong>Claude Code</strong> 是由 <strong>Anthropic </strong>推出的 AI 编程助手,用起来非常顺手,用户只需要将指令提交给 Claude Code,然后刷刷手机,代码就写好了。</p>\n\n\n\n<p>但由于 Claude 的大模型 <strong>Claude Sonnet 4</strong>、<strong>Claude Opus 4</strong> 等在国内使用非常麻烦,所以我们可以使用由<strong>月之暗面</strong>最新发布的 <strong>Kimi K2 </strong>大模型,来替代 <strong>Claude</strong> 自己的模型,在 Claude Code 中使用。</p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1608\" height=\"700\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-16T150406.925.jpg\" alt=\"[教程]在 Claude Code 中使用 Kimi K2 大模型 42\" class=\"wp-image-52832\" title=\"[教程]在 Claude Code 中使用 Kimi K2 大模型 42\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-16T150406.925.jpg 1608w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-16T150406.925-768x334.jpg 768w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-16T150406.925-1536x669.jpg 1536w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-16T150406.925-804x350.jpg 804w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1608px) 100vw, 1608px\" /></figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">环境准备</h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>从官网安装最新版 <a href=\"https://nodejs.org/zh-cn/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Node.js</a></li>\n\n\n\n<li>安装 Claude Code</li>\n\n\n\n<li>准备 Kimi K2 API Key</li>\n</ol>\n\n\n\n<p>安装 Claude Code 非常简单,在终端中运行 <code>npm install -g @anthropic-ai/claude-code</code> 就行了。</p>\n\n\n\n<p>在 <a href=\"https://platform.moonshot.cn/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kimi API 平台</a>注册,并获取 API Key:</p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1336\" height=\"834\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250716150806@2x.avif\" alt=\"[教程]在 Claude Code 中使用 Kimi K2 大模型 43\" class=\"wp-image-52833\" title=\"[教程]在 Claude Code 中使用 Kimi K2 大模型 43\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250716150806@2x.avif 1336w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250716150806@2x-768x479.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1336px) 100vw, 1336px\" /></figure>\n\n\n\n<p>但注意免费版本的 Kimi API 限制太严格,几乎无法使用,推荐充值 50 元升级至 <strong>Tier1</strong> 账号解锁更高级限制,否则无法在 Claude Code 中正常调用。</p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"422\" height=\"488\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250716150908@2x.avif\" alt=\"[教程]在 Claude Code 中使用 Kimi K2 大模型 44\" class=\"wp-image-52834\" style=\"width:254px;height:auto\" title=\"[教程]在 Claude Code 中使用 Kimi K2 大模型 44\"></figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">切换至 Kimi K2</h2>\n\n\n\n<p>在准备好之前的一切之后,就可以将 Claude Code 切换至 Kimi K2 了:</p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Windows</h3>\n\n\n\n<p>在命令提示符中,输入:</p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\">\nsetx ANTHROPIC_API_KEY "你的API密钥"\nsetx ANTHROPIC_BASE_URL "https://api.moonshot.cn/anthropic/"\n</pre></div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">macOS / Linux</h3>\n\n\n\n<p>根据你所使用的终端,编辑以下文件:</p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bash 终端:<code>~/.bashrc</code></li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zsh 终端:<code>~/.zshrc</code></li>\n</ul>\n\n\n\n<p>青小蛙平时在使用 Zsh,所以就直接编辑了 <code>~/.zshrc</code> 文件,添加两行:</p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\">\nexport ANTHROPIC_AUTH_TOKEN=你的API密钥\nexport ANTHROPIC_BASE_URL=https://api.moonshot.cn/anthropic/\n</pre></div>\n\n\n<p>就好了。</p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">如何使用</h2>\n\n\n\n<p>首先用终端进入具体的路径中,运行 <code>claude</code> 启动 Claude Code,看到一个橙色的框框中出现欢迎信息,并且在下方 Overrides 中看到 API Key 和 API Base 就成功了:</p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1032\" height=\"409\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250716151759@2x.avif\" alt=\"[教程]在 Claude Code 中使用 Kimi K2 大模型 45\" class=\"wp-image-52835\" title=\"[教程]在 Claude Code 中使用 Kimi K2 大模型 45\" srcsLine truncated
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"title": "众望所归的长子和“空降争产”的幼子,谁才是皇帝心中的继承人?",
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"description": "<div><div><div class=\"rich_media_content\" id=\"js_content\"><section style=\"margin: 8px; padding: 0px; white-space: normal; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg wxw-img __bg_gif\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJxdXiby5XB2BE6S0ulr9Fs213uZ85nlxAalcgRcLFiaSVdOVlrtCZRibIw/640?wx_fmt=gif\" /></section><section><span><br /></span></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK7tU4icPKu2sc2yGysBwmGLwViaiatqmXdYee1kHG91Zuf3aic4aR2L2icXjESgyBhNr9a47Y8f1kRW8ew/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section><span><span><br /></span></span></section><section><span><span>本 文 约 3300 字</span><span><br /></span></span></section><section><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\"><section><span><span>阅 读 需 要 12 分钟</span></span></section></section></section><p style=\"margin: 8px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><br /></span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">理应成为继承人的长子扶苏,为何会被突然出现的幼子胡亥分掉胜利果实?</span></span></strong></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><br /></span></p><section style=\"margin: 8px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK5OEdH3vUVZXHSvUSsfHKzXn2feayKfNJib2VmnosI6HzicEs5oI9EY2eGFMOs2Lia1T1hx20gQNq3vw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></section><section style=\"margin: 8px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5OEdH3vUVZXHSvUSsfHKzXQquoZXsjiaDpgibphqT1unqlr120Qewe6kBx9y99leo2pBQAGW8QONvg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" style=\"width: 350px; height: auto !important;\" /></section><p style=\"margin: 8px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><span><br /></span></span></p><section><section style=\"margin: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;\"><section style=\"display: flex; width: 658px;\"><section style=\"display: flex;\"><section style=\"padding: 6px 12px; text-align: center; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-bottom-color: rgb(98, 98, 98); border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: initial;\"><p style=\"font-family: PingFangSC-Medium, ;\"><span style=\"font-size: 17px;\"><span>“扶苏当立”?</span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span><span style=\"display: none; line-height: 0px;\"><span></span></span></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><p style=\"margin: 8px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><br /></span></p><p></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><span>《史记》中对于扶苏身份的圈定非常明确,首先是“始皇有二十馀子,长子扶苏”,即确定了扶苏是秦始皇二十余个子嗣中的最长者。再者可以确定的是,扶苏为长子但并非太子。</span></span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><br /></span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><span>秦始皇自登上秦国王位之初就没有关于确立嫡子的记载,这种继承人悬而未决的状态在秦国历史上并不少见。秦献公以前,“秦以往者数易君,君臣乖乱”,直到秦Line truncated
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"title": "如何评价小红书上的「悼明热」?",
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"description": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-d348dacefdb54dd52471356122e08e0a_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>《Attention is All You Need》是一部非常明显的悼明之作</p>\n<p>该论文的核心模型名为“Transformer”,谐音“转换儿”,影射了从明至清的朝代“转换”,而“er”的儿化音,更带有一种晚明遗老看待“清”这个“后生晚辈”的轻蔑与无奈。剧作者,不,论文作者为了让大家看明白,特意将模型的两大核心部分命名为“编码器”(Encoder)和“解码器”(Decoder),你看看,这“编码”的不正是大明一朝的典章制度、万里河山吗?而“解码”的,不正是后世“遗民”们对故国的血泪追忆和阐释吗?</p>\n<p>可是为了将真相藏在复杂数学公式的反面,作者们在摘要中绝口不提历史,只谈“并行化”与“效率”。你们看看!即使在最关键的摘要里,也绝不忘用“并行”(Pa-rallel)来暗示两京(Parallel Capitals)并立的南明那段悲壮的复兴大业!</p>\n<p>颠覆了整个模根基的是什么呢?作者几乎明示了,是“自注意力机制”(Self-Attention)。大家注意!“自我关注”,这不正是精准地指出了晚明朝廷上下耽于党争、只关注内部权斗、而对关外的威胁视而不见的致命弊病吗?而更令人拍案叫绝的是,作者们还发明了“多头注意力机制”(Multi-Head Attention)!多头,多头,一个朝廷多个头,皇帝、东林党、阉党、武将集团,各自为政,互不统属,最终导致注意力分散,国力内耗,这不正是大明之亡的直接原因吗?!</p>\n<p>或许你会说,此前的 RNN(循环神经网络)和 CNN(卷积神经网络)也很好,为何要抛弃它们呢?朋友啊,你看论文不能只看公式啊!RNN,循环网络,象征着什么?象征着周而复始、天道循环的王朝正统论!作者们毅然抛弃 RNN,正是在泣血哭诉:天道已变,正统已失,正常的王朝“循环”已经被打破!而 CNN,卷积网络,这个“卷”字,不正是当下你我都在哀叹的“内卷”吗?抛弃 CNN,就是痛斥晚明社会在人口、土地、党争上的无限“内卷”,最终自我毁灭!</p>\n<p>这时候你可能要问了:既然 Encoder(编码器)是指涉大明,为何作者们要用一个全新的“潜空间”(Latent Space)来转换它呢?这岂不是画蛇添足吗?</p>\n<p>这个问题问的太好了!!!我们都知道,明亡之后,无数仁人志士,如黄宗羲、顾炎武,将故国之思、亡国之痛,寄托于著书立说,他们将大明的“编码”信息,藏在自己内心最深处的“潜空间”里,等待时机将其“解码”为一部部警醒后世的血泪之作。作者们设计的这一整套“编 - 解”结构,其用心之深,其寓意之切,正是为了模拟和致敬这些明末大儒的著史精神!每悟此节,吾不由为之击节赞叹不已。</p>\n<p>论文一生最大的“敌人”,是被它抛弃的 RNN/LSTM 模型,它们依赖“门控”(Gating Mechanism)。大家注意!“门”,国门也,边关也!过度依赖“门控”,正是指代明朝过度依赖长城和关门防守,以为有了“门”就万事大吉,最终却被吴三桂引狼入室,国门洞开!作者们设计的 Transformer 无需“门控”,正是在沉痛反思这段历史!</p>\n<p>另外,模型为了解决序列问题,引入了什么?引入了“位置编码”(Positional Encoding)!这正是暗示,当正统的“循环”(RNN)被打破后,后来者(满清)的统治地位,不过是一种被强行“编码”上去的“位置”而已,其本身并无历史的合法性与连续性!</p>\n<p>我们为何必然须做此分析呢?或者说,打开对本论文索隐的钥匙是什么呢?实际上,学术论文的索隐形式更为隐蔽,它不依赖镜头或舞台,而依赖于“引用链”。</p>\n<p>不知您是否能想起《Attention is All You Need》文末那长长的引用列表?作者们将自己的工作建立在无数前人的基础上,又被后来的无数论文所引用,构建了一个理论上无限延伸的“引用链嵌套”。当你试图用学术的眼光,寻找一个最终的理论源头时,却发现自己被困在了这个不断迭代的引用迷宫里。这个闭环活用了学术传承与知识迭代的范式,明示了作者们所形塑的“继承与颠覆”、“记忆与遗忘”的真谛,因此这个索隐信号和某部古典名著是完全对等的,将其忽视就等于完全没有看懂。</p>\n<p>一个是风月宝鉴的内与外,一个是引用链条的前与后。这就是《Attention is All You Need》悼明学的“引用链无限嵌套理论”。朋友们,无论是 arXiv,还是 NeurIPS,你Line truncated
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"description": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-dc8390cbb87a6fbe8eacc92ea2dff637_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>这个稍微读一下历史就知道:是图灵给出了设计 CPU 的理论(给出了图灵完备的概念,凡图灵完备的机器就“万能”);然后是冯·诺伊曼提出存储程序思想,奠定了现代计算机的基本架构(所以叫冯诺伊曼架构)。而之后哈佛在冯诺依曼架构的基础上又把指令存储和数据存储分开,这就是哈佛架构。</p>\n<hr>\n<p>如今的 CPU 都是图灵机,其中桌面和服务器 CPU 都是冯诺伊曼架构,而各种 DSP 芯片、嵌入式芯片、MCU 芯片多为哈佛架构。</p>\n<p>至于手机用的 Arm CPU,其中 Arm 7 是冯诺依曼架构,更新的 Arm,以及 Cortex-A、Cortex-M 都是哈佛架构(Cortex-A 据说是混合架构,也就是指令和数据分离,但却又在某些层面保留了访问统一内存的能力)。</p>\n<hr>\n<p>在图灵之前,其实国外已经有过很多“制造万能计算机”的尝试。</p>\n<p>欧洲在机械制造、精密设备方面一向领先,他们很早就造出了钟表、写字机器人等机械。比如,这就是西方赠给清政府的写字人偶:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-2c716c34fb8e240aeb6c4e1fce35f9b7_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-6349eb2c26a6d8a50cd06fd53c33a2ea_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a href=\"http://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.dpm.org.cn/collection/clock/234721.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">铜镀金写字人钟 - 故宫博物院</a></p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-793a471f98230d863256dcfe20c5120b_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a href=\"http://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//k.sina.com.cn/article_5075579048_p12e8730a802700gszj.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><span>https://</span><span>k.sina.com.cn/article_5</span><span>075579048_p12e8730a802700gszj.html</span><span></span></a></p>\n<p>不仅如此,西洋人很早就发明了可以“编程”花纹的织布机(提花织布机);至于机械计算器更是源远流长:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-13d941e0352a3904b2d7a41ea5bea764_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>利用机械做积分运算也不困难;甚至,二战时,美国还给自己的轰炸机配备了投弹计算机:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-05dfa6f0e0ca9199a16d4e4fc98c3054_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a href=\"https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/29621255\">军事——诺顿投弹瞄准器</a></p>\n<p>二战前,IBM 做的就是商务机械计算机的生意。</p>\n<p>没有计算机的时代,美国的超市收银机已经普及:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-16f1e808fc4bbc18bf4346f099d82fbf_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>当这种机器算清交易金额、打印购物清单之后会发出一声清脆的铃响;此时售货员才能打开机器下面的抽屉给顾客找零:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-25f80effe8a96884f143b0d6c2f8af04_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>因此“ring the bell”在英语俚语里是“达成交易”的同义词。</p>\n<hr>\n<p>遗憾的是,所有这些机器都不是“通用计算机”。</p>\n<p>欧洲人很早就对“一个任务设计一个机械”这件事耿耿于怀;而在八音盒、写字人偶、提花织布机的研究中,他们很早就意识到,不仅可以用拨杆之类东西改变机器工作状态,也可以用“穿孔纸带”之类东西给八音盒 / 写字人偶 / 提花织布机编程,使得它可以演奏所有的音乐、写出任意文字、织出任意花纹!</p>\n<p>于是,巴贝奇(Charles Babbage,1791-1871)申请到了海量资金,去设计他的“差分机”……</p>\n<p>很遗憾,他失败了。</p>\n<hr>\n<p>除了巴贝奇,近代欧洲致力于通用计算机的研究者 / 发明家可谓不计其数。他们把机器越造功能越多、也越造越复杂……</p>\n<p>然而,遗憾的是,以现代人的眼光看,他们所有人本就不可能成功。</p>\n<p>原因很简单,所有这些机器都不是图灵完备的。</p>\n<p>方向错了,烧垮一个国家也不可能造出通用计算机。</p>\n<p>改变这一切的是一个如雷贯耳的名字——阿兰·图灵。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-2e27e31cb40935409be9e791e9008e48_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>1936 年,图灵发表论文《论可计算的数及其在密码问题中的应用》,提出被后人称为图灵机的逻辑机通用模型。</p>\n<p>图灵发现“一些图灵机可以模拟其他任何图灵机”,后人把这种“可以模拟其他任何图灵机”的特质叫做Line truncated
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"title": "「夕发朝至」的动卧列车,会成为远距离出行绝佳方式么?",
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"description": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-92f907746be0c3de71e6b3639f948054_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>开宗明义:中国这么大、人口这么多,多样的交通运输产品都会有其受众和市场,因此我并不会介意让乘客多一种选择,而是如何让每种选择尽可能发挥优势、规避劣势。</p>\n<p>不止是高速动卧,最高时速 160km/h 的准高速卧铺也同样放入本文的讨论范围内(如京沪卧铺就是此类)。</p>\n<p>卧铺列车的<strong>优势</strong>:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>不占用白天时间,对于白天时间需求大、时间紧的乘客友好;</li>\n<li>节省一晚上的住宿费,对于目的地消费水平高的城市,节省一笔开销;</li>\n<li>可以长距离运输,一般卧铺可以运行 8-12 小时甚至更多,按 100-200km/h 的均速,运行距离可达 800-2400km。目前高速铁路在 1000km 以下基本上具有绝对优势,但在 1500km 以上会受到民航的明显冲击,卧铺尤其是动卧,补充了 1000-2000km 这段长途旅客的需求;</li>\n<li>如果车站选择合适,比机场有明显区位优势;</li>\n<li>不是飞机。确实有一定比例的乘客,由于各种原因不愿意乘飞机。</li>\n</ul>\n<p>卧铺列车的<strong>劣势</strong>:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>卧铺住宿条件有限(包括不限于对噪音和气味的可能约束),不及经济型酒店,仅对适应卧铺的乘客友好;</li>\n<li>高速铁路往往是凌晨的集中检修天窗,这一时间往往并不开行任何载客车次,因此不方便大量、长期、每日开行;</li>\n<li>必须是长途旅客,凌晨基本不会上下客。且一列卧铺列车的载客量明显高于一架飞机,需要考量客流。</li>\n</ul>\n<p>结合下面这张民航客运网络图,可以看到:</p>\n<p>卧铺列车的主要市场,与民航的主要市场高度重合。</p>\n<p>依照今年暑假新增动卧列车,可以看到,目前开行的大多数高等级卧铺列车,确实就是围绕北京、长三角、珠三角、成渝四极开行,个别还有昆明这样的次重点。</p>\n<p>这些地区,客流大、住宿成本高、距离远(通常不属于日间高速铁路的客流范畴),是值得推出动卧产品的。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-77b75b1cc4970834855e54a349f442c0_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>这里还有一点并非优势或劣势,但有很大影响的因素——<strong>价格</strong>:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>作为乘客,一定希望票价越实惠越好;</li>\n<li>大量 ZTK 列车的定价基础,仍然是 90 年代的标准,这一标准在当年很贵,在现在性价比很高。但高性价比背后是,这不是扶贫列车,如果铁路部分需要长期补贴,会更倾向于停运;</li>\n<li>由此,一些 160km/h 的 Z 升级为 D,相应价格也有所上涨,当然,对应的服务也可以更优质;</li>\n<li>动卧的价格肯定会参照一般性的民航价格,如新开行的沪蓉动卧明显参考了机票价格,打了不到 4 折。当下是暑运,属于民航机票相对较贵的时期;</li>\n<li>不适用于拿最便宜的机票作为对比,这种机票往往是早上 6 点起飞,或凌晨 12 点到达的航班,乘客需要额外承担机场进市区的交通、住宿费用。尤其是上述四极之一的成都,凌晨抵达天府机场的酸爽感,不是早上抵达成都东站可以比拟的。</li>\n</ul>\n<p>那么,在此基础上,卧铺列车有哪些值得改进的<strong>建议</strong>呢:</p>\n<p>仅个人建议(脑洞):</p>\n<ul>\n<li>动卧列车可以适当减少一些载客量,推出一些舒适度和空间更私密、更大的高等级包房卧铺车厢,适配不同旅客的需求;</li>\n<li>退而求其次,可以在新设计上降低各床位之间的噪音和气味影响(如考虑各床位全包);</li>\n<li>提供接续联运购买,即头一天到达或第二天出发在同站乘坐日间车次,获得附近 1-3 小时内的第三地的客源;</li>\n<li>充分利用普 - 高联络线,如确能明显优化时长,部分天窗时间可以在普速线路上以 160km/h 运行。</li>\n</ul>\n<p>扩展阅读:</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/25061784\">一百年前,火车带来的“鸡”遇——因铁路而闻名的四大名鸡</a><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/31499913/answer/59835158\">中国最繁忙的铁路线有多忙?</a><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/424788212/answer/1916244431192985962\">火车在铁轨上行驶,应该对铁轨造成很大磨损,为什么现实里好像影响不大?</a><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/655151466/answer/1915537210914113028\">高铁为什么在中国那么受欢迎,论便宜不如火车,论安静便捷又不如飞机,为什么不学习美国发展航空业?</a></p>\n</divLine truncated
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"content": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-92f907746be0c3de71e6b3639f948054_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>开宗明义:中国这么大、人口这么多,多样的交通运输产品都会有其受众和市场,因此我并不会介意让乘客多一种选择,而是如何让每种选择尽可能发挥优势、规避劣势。</p>\n<p>不止是高速动卧,最高时速 160km/h 的准高速卧铺也同样放入本文的讨论范围内(如京沪卧铺就是此类)。</p>\n<p>卧铺列车的<strong>优势</strong>:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>不占用白天时间,对于白天时间需求大、时间紧的乘客友好;</li>\n<li>节省一晚上的住宿费,对于目的地消费水平高的城市,节省一笔开销;</li>\n<li>可以长距离运输,一般卧铺可以运行 8-12 小时甚至更多,按 100-200km/h 的均速,运行距离可达 800-2400km。目前高速铁路在 1000km 以下基本上具有绝对优势,但在 1500km 以上会受到民航的明显冲击,卧铺尤其是动卧,补充了 1000-2000km 这段长途旅客的需求;</li>\n<li>如果车站选择合适,比机场有明显区位优势;</li>\n<li>不是飞机。确实有一定比例的乘客,由于各种原因不愿意乘飞机。</li>\n</ul>\n<p>卧铺列车的<strong>劣势</strong>:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>卧铺住宿条件有限(包括不限于对噪音和气味的可能约束),不及经济型酒店,仅对适应卧铺的乘客友好;</li>\n<li>高速铁路往往是凌晨的集中检修天窗,这一时间往往并不开行任何载客车次,因此不方便大量、长期、每日开行;</li>\n<li>必须是长途旅客,凌晨基本不会上下客。且一列卧铺列车的载客量明显高于一架飞机,需要考量客流。</li>\n</ul>\n<p>结合下面这张民航客运网络图,可以看到:</p>\n<p>卧铺列车的主要市场,与民航的主要市场高度重合。</p>\n<p>依照今年暑假新增动卧列车,可以看到,目前开行的大多数高等级卧铺列车,确实就是围绕北京、长三角、珠三角、成渝四极开行,个别还有昆明这样的次重点。</p>\n<p>这些地区,客流大、住宿成本高、距离远(通常不属于日间高速铁路的客流范畴),是值得推出动卧产品的。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-77b75b1cc4970834855e54a349f442c0_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>这里还有一点并非优势或劣势,但有很大影响的因素——<strong>价格</strong>:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>作为乘客,一定希望票价越实惠越好;</li>\n<li>大量 ZTK 列车的定价基础,仍然是 90 年代的标准,这一标准在当年很贵,在现在性价比很高。但高性价比背后是,这不是扶贫列车,如果铁路部分需要长期补贴,会更倾向于停运;</li>\n<li>由此,一些 160km/h 的 Z 升级为 D,相应价格也有所上涨,当然,对应的服务也可以更优质;</li>\n<li>动卧的价格肯定会参照一般性的民航价格,如新开行的沪蓉动卧明显参考了机票价格,打了不到 4 折。当下是暑运,属于民航机票相对较贵的时期;</li>\n<li>不适用于拿最便宜的机票作为对比,这种机票往往是早上 6 点起飞,或凌晨 12 点到达的航班,乘客需要额外承担机场进市区的交通、住宿费用。尤其是上述四极之一的成都,凌晨抵达天府机场的酸爽感,不是早上抵达成都东站可以比拟的。</li>\n</ul>\n<p>那么,在此基础上,卧铺列车有哪些值得改进的<strong>建议</strong>呢:</p>\n<p>仅个人建议(脑洞):</p>\n<ul>\n<li>动卧列车可以适当减少一些载客量,推出一些舒适度和空间更私密、更大的高等级包房卧铺车厢,适配不同旅客的需求;</li>\n<li>退而求其次,可以在新设计上降低各床位之间的噪音和气味影响(如考虑各床位全包);</li>\n<li>提供接续联运购买,即头一天到达或第二天出发在同站乘坐日间车次,获得附近 1-3 小时内的第三地的客源;</li>\n<li>充分利用普 - 高联络线,如确能明显优化时长,部分天窗时间可以在普速线路上以 160km/h 运行。</li>\n</ul>\n<p>扩展阅读:</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/25061784\">一百年前,火车带来的“鸡”遇——因铁路而闻名的四大名鸡</a><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/31499913/answer/59835158\">中国最繁忙的铁路线有多忙?</a><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/424788212/answer/1916244431192985962\">火车在铁轨上行驶,应该对铁轨造成很大磨损,为什么现实里好像影响不大?</a><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/655151466/answer/1915537210914113028\">高铁为什么在中国那么受欢迎,论便宜不如火车,论安静便捷又不如飞机,为什么不学习美国发展航空业?</a></p>\n</div>\n<Line truncated
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"title": "为什么劳力士带上几年就会慢几秒,而手机时间却永远分毫不差,是芯片的碾压优势吗?",
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"description": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-0393f16eb6dfc1119d3333daadc8967e_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>这还真的是我的领域之一,我曾经是一名时间频率工程师,可以操控时间的快慢,手上满是膜法。</p>\n<p>+1 秒!</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-7f455bcb94bf3df5f1d0c426ea34aa3f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>这个问题还不适合用提问者所描述的“机械误差 VS 芯片授时”来比较,因为这中间差了<strong>好几代技术</strong>。</p>\n<p>机械表(所有的,不管多贵)——石英(水晶)表(所有的,不管多便宜)——原子钟</p>\n<p>每一步都是遥不可及的差距,科技代差的碾压。</p>\n<p>最后,因为导航卫星携带高精度原子钟,我们才能有芯片授时。</p>\n<hr>\n<p>这里提出两个概念,后面需要用:</p>\n<p>一是频率 f,频率与时间互为倒数,即</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://www.zhihu.com/equation?tex=f%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7BT%7D\" alt=\"\" eeimg=\"1\"></p>\n<p>举个栗子:</p>\n<p>如果 1 秒钟运行 10 次,那么我们说每次的时间为 0.1 秒,而频率为 1/0.1=10;</p>\n<p>当然,如果 10 秒钟才运行 1 次,那么我们说每次的时间为 10 秒,而频率为 1/10=0.1。</p>\n<p>第二个是频率稳定度,</p>\n<p>假设你的标准频率为 f,但你的设备最大的偏差为 f+Δf,</p>\n<p>那么设备的频率稳定度</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://www.zhihu.com/equation?tex=K%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5CDelta+f%7D%7Bf%7D\" alt=\"\" eeimg=\"1\"></p>\n<p>什么意思呢?</p>\n<p>我们以机械表为例,假设一个机械表平均一天差 1 秒(这个精度对于机械表已经非常高了),</p>\n<p>那么,一天一共 24 小时,计 86400 秒,</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://www.zhihu.com/equation?tex=K%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B86400%7D\" alt=\"\" eeimg=\"1\"></p>\n<p>,一般用科学计数法,1.16e-5,</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://www.zhihu.com/equation?tex=10%5E%7B-5%7D\" alt=\"\" eeimg=\"1\"></p>\n<p>量级,或 10ppm。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-700763efa3e7f8613ac3aec2c1a49bdc_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>人类在时间频率上的一个大突破,在于发现水晶晶体的压电效应。</p>\n<p>这里是晶体物理学的内容,</p>\n<p>简单说来,你给水晶一个力(应力),水晶表面出现电(电荷);</p>\n<p>反之,你给水晶两边加电,水晶会出现机械变形。</p>\n<p>于是,我们取特定角度切割出的水晶晶片,当给晶片加交流电时,晶片可以出现机械振动。</p>\n<p>当加到晶片谐振频率时,产生振幅较大的压电谐振。在此之后加上正反馈电路,输出稳定的交流振荡信号,并由此产生特定的频率。</p>\n<p>虽然大家俗称石英晶体振荡器(晶振),但实际上都是高纯度的人工水晶。(有一些杂质的叫石英,纯度高的叫水晶)</p>\n<p>古代可能水晶比较稀有珍贵,现代工业加持下,人工水晶早已白菜价,不然晶振肯定无法廉价推开。</p>\n<p>通常,最糙的普通晶体振荡器制作的时钟,其频率稳定度在</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://www.zhihu.com/equation?tex=10%5E%7B-5%7D\" alt=\"\" eeimg=\"1\"></p>\n<p>量级,或 10ppm,与高端手表计时能力无异。但最廉价的电子表才几个钱啊,这就是科技的力量。</p>\n<p>这还没完,有温度补偿的晶体振荡器制作的时钟,其频率稳定度在</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://www.zhihu.com/equation?tex=10%5E%7B-7%7D\" alt=\"\" eeimg=\"1\"></p>\n<p>量级,或 0.1ppm,相当于高端手表上百倍的精度,手表一天差几秒,这样的时钟几百天差几秒。</p>\n<p>而恒温晶体振荡器制作的时钟,其频率稳定度在</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://www.zhihu.com/equation?tex=10%5E%7B-9%7D\" alt=\"\" eeimg=\"1\"></p>\n<p>量级,或 0.001ppm = 1ppb,相当于高端手表上万倍的精度,手表一天差几秒,这样的时钟几万天差几秒(注意人的寿命不过几万天)。</p>\n<hr>\n<p>注意到,在物理学中,1 秒的标准定义是:</p>\n<p>铯 -133 原子不受干扰的基态超精细跃迁的频率,取 91 9263 1770 个周期,即为 1 秒。</p>\n<p>这是数十年来物理学家们探索到最稳定的时间计量方式,那么,用原子跃迁频率计时,也一定是最准确的计时方式,这就诞生了——原子钟。</p>\n<p>原子钟的物理学原理比晶振更复杂,直接上结论:</p>\n<p>原子钟的时钟,其频率稳定度目前普遍在</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://www.zhihu.com/equation?tex=10%5E%7B-13%7D-10%5E%7B-14%7D\" alt=\"\" eeimg=\"1\"></p>\n<p>量级,个别极端精确的已经到了</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://www.zhihu.com/equation?tex=10%5E%7B-15%7D\" alt=\"\" eeimg=\"1\"></p>\n<p>量级,相当于高端手表十亿倍的精度,原子钟一Line truncated
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"title": "历朝历代每逢疆域和领土扩张总是向西,为什么不向东南亚等地扩张?",
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"description": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-23a185009f683e5e77e6bb91759bfe5e_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-29b29ccecf38cac606fd9910e158efe8_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>奥秘就在这六个字里。</p>\n<p>明代王骥用兵麓川,带领明军抵达了一个叫孟𨚗(冉阝)海的地方,“地在金沙江西,去麓川千里”,现代有学者考证,这个孟𨚗海有可能就是缅北的因道岐湖(现在一般翻译为印多吉湖),在地图上大概是这儿:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-590cdc50f3ecf8618937a879d3cb1e72_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>反正再往西不远过去巴特开山就到印度了,明朝记载这事的时候写了一句话叫“自古兵力所不至”,充满了骄傲,而当地人也确实没见过这场面,“诸蛮见大军皆震怖”。有一说一,明军可能并不是第一次来这儿的中国军队,元朝征缅的时候攻占江头、太公,最终攻克蒲甘,其实要比明朝王骥这次更远,当然要是掐准备了没人来到这个湖这儿可能是真的。</p>\n<p>但问题是,因道岐湖是自古以来,因为在谭图的东汉顺帝永和五年(140 年)时间前后的益州图幅里,这地方已经是东汉王朝疆域的一部分了,属于益州刺史部永昌郡:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-21dd1f4077ab1ee49eaa37d868bbbd50_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-62dac66a9df5debfb53fe1d59091448f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>又加上那会儿还不承认明朝的底马撒宣慰司之类的设在印度阿萨姆(现在其实也不认),所以无论明朝再怎么折腾,滇西的国界也只能是在汉朝的阴影之下了。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-e8bf010763b5a4444530eb21d4370c0c_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>如果按照我们现在国家公认的历史朝代版图来说,明朝较之于东汉,国界线反而收缩了——从 140 年到 1582 年,小一千五百年不仅尺寸未进,反而越活越抽抽,全浪费进去了。</p>\n<p>当然,也有传承千年的地方:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-48f4fd85f7c5edf5327287c86aee1398_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>从东汉到清朝,历朝历代中原王朝都严格遵循今日中老边境云南勐腊县的磨憨口岸为界,绝不越过雷池一步,就仿佛这里有一条绝难逾越的天堑一样,所以即便南诏、大理国越界发展了,元朝再度统一之后也是迅速收回,固守传统界线不变。</p>\n<p>虽然元朝的时候在老挝设置了老告总管府,明朝在老挝设置了老挝宣慰司。</p>\n<p>回到问题,现在能看到的中国历史版图,最常见也是最权威的就是谭图,那么谭图在一千八百年前就把西南边疆给定好了,后来要么超不过去,要么超过去不算,可不就是没向东南亚等地扩张么。</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n\n\n<div><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/639626310\">查看知乎讨论<span></span></a></div>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n</div>",
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"content": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-23a185009f683e5e77e6bb91759bfe5e_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-29b29ccecf38cac606fd9910e158efe8_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>奥秘就在这六个字里。</p>\n<p>明代王骥用兵麓川,带领明军抵达了一个叫孟𨚗(冉阝)海的地方,“地在金沙江西,去麓川千里”,现代有学者考证,这个孟𨚗海有可能就是缅北的因道岐湖(现在一般翻译为印多吉湖),在地图上大概是这儿:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-590cdc50f3ecf8618937a879d3cb1e72_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>反正再往西不远过去巴特开山就到印度了,明朝记载这事的时候写了一句话叫“自古兵力所不至”,充满了骄傲,而当地人也确实没见过这场面,“诸蛮见大军皆震怖”。有一说一,明军可能并不是第一次来这儿的中国军队,元朝征缅的时候攻占江头、太公,最终攻克蒲甘,其实要比明朝王骥这次更远,当然要是掐准备了没人来到这个湖这儿可能是真的。</p>\n<p>但问题是,因道岐湖是自古以来,因为在谭图的东汉顺帝永和五年(140 年)时间前后的益州图幅里,这地方已经是东汉王朝疆域的一部分了,属于益州刺史部永昌郡:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-21dd1f4077ab1ee49eaa37d868bbbd50_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-62dac66a9df5debfb53fe1d59091448f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>又加上那会儿还不承认明朝的底马撒宣慰司之类的设在印度阿萨姆(现在其实也不认),所以无论明朝再怎么折腾,滇西的国界也只能是在汉朝的阴影之下了。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-e8bf010763b5a4444530eb21d4370c0c_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>如果按照我们现在国家公认的历史朝代版图来说,明朝较之于东汉,国界线反而收缩了——从 140 年到 1582 年,小一千五百年不仅尺寸未进,反而越活越抽抽,全浪费进去了。</p>\n<p>当然,也有传承千年的地方:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-48f4fd85f7c5edf5327287c86aee1398_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>从东汉到清朝,历朝历代中原王朝都严格遵循今日中老边境云南勐腊县的磨憨口岸为界,绝不越过雷池一步,就仿佛这里有一条绝难逾越的天堑一样,所以即便南诏、大理国越界发展了,元朝再度统一之后也是迅速收回,固守传统界线不变。</p>\n<p>虽然元朝的时候在老挝设置了老告总管府,明朝在老挝设置了老挝宣慰司。</p>\n<p>回到问题,现在能看到的中国历史版图,最常见也是最权威的就是谭图,那么谭图在一千八百年前就把西南边疆给定好了,后来要么超不过去,要么超过去不算,可不就是没向东南亚等地扩张么。</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n\n\n<div><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/639626310\">查看知乎讨论<span></span></a></div>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n</div>",
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"pubDate": "Sun, 20 Jul 2025 08:27:03 +0800",
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"title": "没有海洋的星球有「海拔」这个概念吗?",
|
||||
"description": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-7dd714ad3cb6aacfcee181c1bf52ddbc_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>虽然地球上海拔的定义来源,确实是某地高程相比于海平面的平均高程差,但由于受纬度、潮汐、重力异常等因素影响,每个地方每个时间段的海平面高度都有差异,所以实际上获得一个统一的高程起点要复杂得多,并不是想当然地认为是从当地附近的海平面开始测量的高度。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-c8d57bf5418f1161bb389d2a143b52e1_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>行星大地基准面(Geoid)是<strong>参考行星表面重力平均值人为规定</strong>的闭合曲面,质点在大地基准面上运动时,重力不做功。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-5b7cfd6aa8cddea74a1d146a0f4201bf_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-4d7a3d8221772c3990aaa58a2d6f2d85_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>以题述火星为例,火星大地基准面并非是从火星高程最低点算起,而是根据北方平原与南方高地分界线,并参考火星表面重力平均值人为规定的。火星极高高程在奥林匹斯山,极低高程约 -8.2 千米的海拉斯盆地(又称希腊平原)。</p>\n<p>火星上最高的山,是奥林匹斯山,高于火星大地基准面约 21.2 千米,这一数值本身就超过了地球上高程的极差。如果从奥林匹斯山西北麓高程较低的岩性分界线算起,则此山将高于 23 千米。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-3b9885037a764b1bf7b3cb17ea8997b3_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>图中蓝、绿色区域为低于火星大地基准面的区域,黄色区域为火星大地基准面 0m 附近的区域,橙、红、棕、白色区域为高于火星大地基准面的区域。奥林匹斯火山约 21 千米的高程是从黄区算起的。如果从蓝区算,就有 23-24 千米了。</figcaption></figure>\n</div>\n</div>\n\n\n<div><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/21249607\">查看知乎讨论<span></span></a></div>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n</div><br><hr><div>获取更多RSS:<br><a href=\"https://feedx.net\" style=\"color:orange\" target=\"_blank\">https://feedx.net</a> <br><a href=\"https://feedx.site\" style=\"color:orange\" target=\"_blank\">https://feedx.site</a><br></div>",
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"title": "动物会有心理疾病吗?",
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"description": "<div><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-9aefd10d02dab43d7c606e20bfdc9378_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>答案是肯定的,而且动物的心理问题可能会比人类更多,且复杂。</p>\n<p>举个栗子:<strong>创伤后遗症(PTSD)</strong>。</p>\n<p>这类疾病往往是由于受到事故、战争等剧烈的刺激之后,人出现容易紧张、愤怒、产生攻击性,以及睡眠质量不好等症状。虽然有人以此为梗,表示自己内心受到伤害,但这其实是一种很严重的心理疾病,并且暂时没有很好的治疗方式。</p>\n<p>而这不仅仅是人类的病症,<strong>在狗的身上也会发生</strong>。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-f9df7abd00f3fe2853bab86cae0ed9aa_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>图源:Matthew Henry | unsplash</figcaption></figure>\n<p>有调查通过给狗主人派发问卷,发现在狗中 PTSD 的症状也很常见。尤其是经受过人类殴打或者长期处于糟糕的居住环境下,狗狗会表现出类似的症状:肠胃不适、睡眠障碍等。</p>\n<p>还有研究聚焦于<strong>战争后的军犬</strong>,以及<strong>地震后的宠物狗</strong>,都可能有 PTSD 的症状,表现出紧张害怕的反应以及强烈的激素变化。而类似的情况也能在<strong>猫、小鼠、猴子等动物</strong>身上看到。</p>\n<p>又比如<strong>强迫症</strong>。</p>\n<p>这里的强迫症不是大家常说的那种完美主义,而是对于自己明明不想做的行为,却还是会不断重复地去做,也叫做<strong>刻板行为</strong>。例如不停地洗手,反复地擦桌子等等。</p>\n<p>很多动物,尤其是那些被关在笼子或者动物园里的,就会有很严重的刻板行为:<strong>它们会不断重复一些在野外环境下不怎么会做的动作</strong>,比如——</p>\n<p>大象不断地摇摆身子和甩动鼻子;</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-ade96db7aabac656816e2f2d6d49946f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>图源:Pedant | Wikipedia</figcaption></figure>\n<p>或者是被栅栏围住的马不停地啃食栏杆;</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-cccc541998576a98dc847e78bff96016_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>图源:Photomak | EQUIMED</figcaption></figure>\n<p>还有在动物园里不停转圈的老虎。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-a8aaacb8e1a2ac949fc00f9a8fb7d56d_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>说是最勤奋,其实却是最痛苦 | 图源网络</figcaption></figure>\n<p>这些看起来好像很“新奇”的动物行为,其实是<strong>动物在贫瘠的生活环境中,迫于生存压力产生的刻板行为</strong>,换做人类的精神疾病,就是强迫症或者抑郁症的表现。</p>\n<p>还有<strong>上瘾</strong>。</p>\n<p>在马来西亚的马六甲动物园里,曾经有一只红毛猩猩在游客的诱导下,学会了<strong>抽烟</strong>,并主动去向游客讨要香烟,逐渐上瘾,以至于无法改掉这个习惯。</p>\n<p>后来它就被送到动物保护中心进行戒烟保护。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-65de1d24901218492de95fc71bd572ab_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>学会抽烟的猩猩 Shirley | 图源:dailymail.co.uk</figcaption></figure>\n<p>我们曾经介绍过<a href=\"http://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzIxMDI1Mjk0MQ%3D%3D%26mid%3D2652727905%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D9b69fcb4e6257d73a8a321dcb76adec6%26chksm%3D8c8eaf83bbf92695f9f153e74dfa887b683f09767b23c4c380491fce47b68137d90fc23a3a3e%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">毒品成瘾的形成因素</a>,主要是以多巴胺为核心的奖励机制。而这在大部分哺乳动物中也是类似的——大脑接收到物质产生的兴奋性分泌多巴胺,动物尝到甜头就会继续渴求更多的多巴胺。</p>\n<p>除了这些以外,在不同环境压力下,<strong>自闭症、焦虑、失眠、厌食症</strong>等心理问题也都会在动物身上表现出来,并且在人为的影响下更加严重——比如被迫进行马戏行为的动物,或者长期被关在动物园里的动物,还有我们前面提到的被迫参战的军犬,它们产生心理问题的概率会比野生动物更高。</p>\n<p><strong><strong>动物福利能改变一切吗?</strong></strong></p>\n<p>前面提到的很多例子,其实都是人为干预造成的,而以前的人们对动物的心理问题更加漠视。</p>\n<p>有一个非常著名的动物实验,叫做<strong>“代母实验”</strong>,其知名不仅来自心理学上的成就,更在于之后对于动物心理问题研究的影响。这个实验的执行者叫<strong>哈利·哈洛(Harry Harlow)</strong>。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.cLine truncated
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"content": "<div><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-9aefd10d02dab43d7c606e20bfdc9378_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>答案是肯定的,而且动物的心理问题可能会比人类更多,且复杂。</p>\n<p>举个栗子:<strong>创伤后遗症(PTSD)</strong>。</p>\n<p>这类疾病往往是由于受到事故、战争等剧烈的刺激之后,人出现容易紧张、愤怒、产生攻击性,以及睡眠质量不好等症状。虽然有人以此为梗,表示自己内心受到伤害,但这其实是一种很严重的心理疾病,并且暂时没有很好的治疗方式。</p>\n<p>而这不仅仅是人类的病症,<strong>在狗的身上也会发生</strong>。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-f9df7abd00f3fe2853bab86cae0ed9aa_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>图源:Matthew Henry | unsplash</figcaption></figure>\n<p>有调查通过给狗主人派发问卷,发现在狗中 PTSD 的症状也很常见。尤其是经受过人类殴打或者长期处于糟糕的居住环境下,狗狗会表现出类似的症状:肠胃不适、睡眠障碍等。</p>\n<p>还有研究聚焦于<strong>战争后的军犬</strong>,以及<strong>地震后的宠物狗</strong>,都可能有 PTSD 的症状,表现出紧张害怕的反应以及强烈的激素变化。而类似的情况也能在<strong>猫、小鼠、猴子等动物</strong>身上看到。</p>\n<p>又比如<strong>强迫症</strong>。</p>\n<p>这里的强迫症不是大家常说的那种完美主义,而是对于自己明明不想做的行为,却还是会不断重复地去做,也叫做<strong>刻板行为</strong>。例如不停地洗手,反复地擦桌子等等。</p>\n<p>很多动物,尤其是那些被关在笼子或者动物园里的,就会有很严重的刻板行为:<strong>它们会不断重复一些在野外环境下不怎么会做的动作</strong>,比如——</p>\n<p>大象不断地摇摆身子和甩动鼻子;</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-ade96db7aabac656816e2f2d6d49946f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>图源:Pedant | Wikipedia</figcaption></figure>\n<p>或者是被栅栏围住的马不停地啃食栏杆;</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-cccc541998576a98dc847e78bff96016_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>图源:Photomak | EQUIMED</figcaption></figure>\n<p>还有在动物园里不停转圈的老虎。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-a8aaacb8e1a2ac949fc00f9a8fb7d56d_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>说是最勤奋,其实却是最痛苦 | 图源网络</figcaption></figure>\n<p>这些看起来好像很“新奇”的动物行为,其实是<strong>动物在贫瘠的生活环境中,迫于生存压力产生的刻板行为</strong>,换做人类的精神疾病,就是强迫症或者抑郁症的表现。</p>\n<p>还有<strong>上瘾</strong>。</p>\n<p>在马来西亚的马六甲动物园里,曾经有一只红毛猩猩在游客的诱导下,学会了<strong>抽烟</strong>,并主动去向游客讨要香烟,逐渐上瘾,以至于无法改掉这个习惯。</p>\n<p>后来它就被送到动物保护中心进行戒烟保护。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-65de1d24901218492de95fc71bd572ab_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>学会抽烟的猩猩 Shirley | 图源:dailymail.co.uk</figcaption></figure>\n<p>我们曾经介绍过<a href=\"http://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzIxMDI1Mjk0MQ%3D%3D%26mid%3D2652727905%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D9b69fcb4e6257d73a8a321dcb76adec6%26chksm%3D8c8eaf83bbf92695f9f153e74dfa887b683f09767b23c4c380491fce47b68137d90fc23a3a3e%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">毒品成瘾的形成因素</a>,主要是以多巴胺为核心的奖励机制。而这在大部分哺乳动物中也是类似的——大脑接收到物质产生的兴奋性分泌多巴胺,动物尝到甜头就会继续渴求更多的多巴胺。</p>\n<p>除了这些以外,在不同环境压力下,<strong>自闭症、焦虑、失眠、厌食症</strong>等心理问题也都会在动物身上表现出来,并且在人为的影响下更加严重——比如被迫进行马戏行为的动物,或者长期被关在动物园里的动物,还有我们前面提到的被迫参战的军犬,它们产生心理问题的概率会比野生动物更高。</p>\n<p><strong><strong>动物福利能改变一切吗?</strong></strong></p>\n<p>前面提到的很多例子,其实都是人为干预造成的,而以前的人们对动物的心理问题更加漠视。</p>\n<p>有一个非常著名的动物实验,叫做<strong>“代母实验”</strong>,其知名不仅来自心理学上的成就,更在于之后对于动物心理问题研究的影响。这个实验的执行者叫<strong>哈利·哈洛(Harry Harlow)</strong>。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/vLine truncated
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"title": "同样都是海岛,为什么台湾缺水,海南岛淡水多到用不完?",
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"description": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-eb41a39b24fa4e10260bcd9c6fb223a1_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>这是我的老本行,虽然我现在的垂直领域是教育和职场,但我硕士专业是地貌学,学得还很好,实在技痒难耐,就回答一篇吧。</p>\n<p>台湾和海南虽然都是海岛,但由于地理位置、地形和气候条件的不同,两者的淡水资源状况存在显著差异。海南岛地处热带,年降水量充沛,加上大部分地方地势比较平坦,岛上河流众多,淡水资源相对丰富。而台湾虽然降水量也不低,但由于地形陡峭,河流短急,雨水迅速流入海洋,加之人口密集、经济发达,水资源需求量大,导致水资源相对紧张。</p>\n<p>这里我要解释一个重要原因,那就是地形地貌。实际上,台湾同样作为热带和亚热带季风气候,降水也是非常丰沛的。大家都知道一个常识吧?我国年平均降水量最大的地方是台湾的火烧寮。这地方多年平均降水量能有多少呢?6557.8 毫米!这是什么概念?作为对比,长江流域的上海年平均降水量只有 1147.3 毫米。也就是说,火烧寮是上海多年平均降水量的近 6 倍。更不要说火烧寮在 1912 年创造的最大年降雨量记录多达 8409 毫米,长期保持中国年平均降雨量的最高纪录,也被广泛称为全国的“雨极”。火烧寮的降水日数也多,年均降水日数达 214 天,几乎三分之二的日子都在下雨。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-e348a5ea17312e6fc2d817913795c518_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>那台湾为啥又缺水呢?我给大家看看台湾的地形,你就明白了。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-e9fb30978fa94d077eaae931b6f64f93_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>看到没有?台湾全岛山系纵贯南北,主脊中央山脉位置偏东,基本呈东北——西南走向,自东而西包括 4 条大致并行的山脉,即:中央山脉及其东侧以大断层和纵谷分隔的海岸山脉——台东山脉;中央山脉西侧为南北遥相联接的雪山山脉、玉山山脉和西邻的阿里山脉。后者外侧为丘陵或台地连接的山麓地带。再向西边,低降为向台湾海峡延伸的宽狭不一的冲积平原。而台湾岛东部海岸山脉前缘大部分为急降于太平洋的陡崖深海。</p>\n<p>现在你明白了吧?台湾岛东侧你可以理解为直接就是悬崖,那里不可能发育出河流,顶多有一些沟涧,根本存不住水。</p>\n<p>而西边面向台湾海峡一侧有那么一点平原,是城市和人口集中的地方,工农业都很发达,用水量极大。而台湾的形状是南北长东西窄,发源于中央山脉的河流流到山脚下还没来得及歇口气,就又穿过狭窄的平原汇入台湾海峡了。</p>\n<p>我给大家看看一张台湾水系图吧?</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-2810f583d85d4357b873b72032b76030_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>你看看台西平原上那些所谓的河流,不就是大陆上短促的小溪吗?事实上,台湾除了北部有一条所谓的淡水河以外,其它确实都叫溪,大家仔细看上面的地图是不是?那么短的小溪怎么能把水聚集起来呢?</p>\n<p>可能有的同学说,那台湾下那么多雨,可以修水库啊!这问得太好了,山区的同学有经验,你们来告诉大家哪里可以修水库。</p>\n<p>对的,并不是到处都可以修水库的,最适合修水库的地方是山脉绵延很远,山谷纵横交错且相对平缓,这样的话把下游修一个大坝拦起来,就可以把上游的水聚集起来形成巨大的水库。大家经常看到的水库好像一个大池塘那样,其实你看到的只是水库的一点点,往上游伸到山谷里的沟沟汊汊可以绵延几十上百公里。台湾山脉里并不具备这样的地形。</p>\n<p>有同学可能想起来了,台湾不是有个日月潭吗?一点没错,台湾确实有这个宝贝。但日月潭面积只有 7.7 平方千米,比杭州西湖略大那么一点点。不过它水深有二三十米,超过西湖 10 多倍。但即使如此,这点水哪够整个台湾用呢?更加重要的是,日月潭的水那么深,也不容易把它抽出来用。所以,日月潭如果长得浅一点,但容积相当于西湖的十倍那就好了。这就好比一个深深的罐子,倒是可以装很多水,但它口子太小了,下雨的时候接不了多少水。我们的水资源都是靠天上下下来的知道吧?所以,日月潭如果长得像一个大脸盘,口子很大但比较浅,那就比较理想——下雨的时候可以接很多水。但它现在长成了一个口子很小的深罐子,既不容易接很多水,很深罐子里面的水也不容易Line truncated
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"description": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-8b539e9b2db6e03314617d3a2a29d6ee_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>哈哈哈哈哈哈 这是一个非常不错的问题</p>\n<p>随着人类对生物进化认知程度的加深, “植物”概念的边界变得愈发模糊。</p>\n<p>从生命起源的角度来看,万物是同源的,共同微观基础(核酸、蛋白质、水和无机盐等)构成的生命体在 40 多亿年的岁月长河里延展出不同的方向。</p>\n<p>以几十年前先辈们的观点来看,“植物”大抵都是受困于细胞壁而不能随意运动的。当时人们发现可以用木瓜汁液做嫩肉处理;燃烧除虫菊干花来驱蚊,并从柳树皮中萃取出水杨酸用于止痛;从黄花蒿中萃取出青蒿素对抗疟疾。</p>\n<p>越来越多的发现让人们更加深刻地认识到,地球上的物种是同源的。生物个体用来对抗环境侵蚀的代谢产物或许能帮助到其它物种,甚至会产生意想不到的效果。</p>\n<p>谁能想到,戈壁荒漠上一株默默无闻的小草,竟蕴含强大的美白能力,使它摇身一变成为备受追捧的“美白黄金”。</p>\n<p><strong>光果甘草(<em>Glycyrrhiza glabra</em>)</strong></p>\n<p>秦汉时期,中华文明向西北传播。那里的植物也随之载入史册,其中就有豆科多年生的草本植物——甘草。</p>\n<p>最晚成书于东汉的《神农本草经》中有如下记载。</p>\n<blockquote>甘草:气味甘平,无毒。主五脏六腑,寒热邪气,坚筋骨,长肌肉,倍气力,金疮肿,解毒。久服轻身延年。</blockquote>\n<p>在此书中甘草被列为君品(也称上品)。后世历代本草也多次收录,南朝医学家陶弘景将甘草尊为“国老”,这也是它俗称的由来。</p>\n<p>现代的新疆,95%的区县都有甘草属植物的分布,它们是乌拉尔甘草、胀果甘草、光果甘草、粗毛甘草、宽果甘草等及其变种。</p>\n<p>生长在超强紫外线和干旱环境下的甘草不仅根系发达,而且根状茎在地下呈网状交错,有很强的防风固沙作用。不仅如此,乌拉尔甘草、胀果甘草、光果甘草还被列入国家典籍。</p>\n<p>随着现代生物技术的进步,东亚地区的研究人员从典籍中得到启发,并逐步开展了对甘草的研究。1998 年的时候,研究人员观察到光甘草定以 0.1-1.0μg/mL 的质量浓度即可显著抑制酪氨酸酶 T1 和 T3 亚型的活性。这一发现引起了轰动。</p>\n<p>酪氨酸和酪氨酸酶与黑色素的形成息息相关。这引发了光甘草定用于皮肤美白的研究热潮。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-69619416b3c6b728f642d710b749a077_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>光果甘草(左)和它的根(右) 来源:参考文献 2</figcaption></figure>\n<p>说到皮肤美白,这里给大家简单介绍一下皮肤的结构和肤色变深的原理,方便我们更好地理解光甘草定对人类皮肤美白的作用,以及它的机制原理。</p>\n<p><strong>人类的皮肤和黑色素</strong></p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-810b059b8a5ae178c68b0539cd7407d3_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>人类皮肤结构示意图 汉化自 wikipedia</figcaption></figure>\n<p><span>皮肤是人体与外界的间隔,是人体面积最大的器官。是抵御外来影响的第一道防线。不仅可以阻绝外来病原和太阳辐射,也可以避免水分流失、调节温度和产生保护色。</span></p>\n<p>影响人体肤色的色素主要是内源性的黑色素和血红蛋白(氧合血红蛋白和还原血红蛋白),以及外源性的胡萝卜素。其中黑色素是皮肤颜色的决定性因素。</p>\n<p>黑色素由位于基底层的黑素细胞合成。不同人种或性别之间皮肤内的黑素细胞数量几乎没有差异。然而,不同人种之间黑素细胞合成黑色素的能力有明显差异,且易受到日晒等外界因素的影响。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-81dcfa525e6b86e67196a16ccd070dd3_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>黑素小体的形成过程 来源:参考文献 3</figcaption></figure>\n<p>随着合成阶段的进展,黑素小体逐步变大,颜色加深,降解速度变慢。由此产生了不同肤色。</p>\n<p>黑色素在细胞内的合成过程需要酶,包括酪氨酸激酶 (TYR) 、酪氨酸酶相关蛋白 (TYRP-1) 和多巴色素异构酶 (DCT)等 。</p>\n<p>在细胞之外,黑素细胞还受碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (bFGF)、内皮素 -1(ET-1)和α- 促黑素细胞刺激素 (α-MSH)等细胞因子的介导。它们都会提高黑素细胞的活性。</p>\n<p>除了先天因素,还会有一些外部刺激,如太阳辐射、烧伤、痘印和疤痕等,这些外部刺激可以促使多种细胞因子与黑素细胞结合Line truncated
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"title": "怎么判断自己在猫心里的地位?",
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"description": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-5817b7f6bda00857eaacc7d28f21c501_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p><strong>\"我的猫是不是觉得我只是个铲屎的奴隶?\"</strong></p>\n<p>朋友,你的内心是否也有过这样的疑问。</p>\n<p>怀疑猫咪喵喵喵是在骂你?</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-bcefd8061fb8505a8dadc7cdade673d6_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>图自:网络</figcaption></figure>\n<p>怀疑自己其实在不知不觉中成了家庭食物链最底端?</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-4597b4fc9df9936d3f40acf7fe991e47_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>图自:网络</figcaption></figure>\n<p>今天,让我们撕开艰难人生的最后一层面纱,跟随所长进行一场关乎自尊与荣耀的一家之主终极 battle!</p>\n<hr>\n<p><strong><strong>Round 1:猫咪与人类</strong></strong></p>\n<p>谁才是“真正的主子”?猫咪的行为体现着你的家庭地位。</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>如果你是“Leader”</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>如果猫咪把你当成小家庭的核心。那么,最直观的的反应就是“蹭蹭”</strong>。</p>\n<p>“蹭蹭”是猫咪用于标记气味的动作。在大部分猫咪群体中,每当大家狩猎归来,“下属猫”都会主动摩擦“首领猫”的脸颊,留下自己的气味。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-1b8f65390fe3de9499b302506798da30_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>图自:Jenny XU</figcaption></figure>\n<p>这与对待物品的摩擦标记不同,是对于“首领猫”的认同和尊重。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-ba6871b2c7ad6a3c7d3d0b68a8038499_720w.gif?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>图自:giphy</figcaption></figure>\n<p>所以,你回家的时候,猫咪有没有主动、亲热的摩擦你呢?</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>如果猫是“Leader”</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>如果猫咪认为自己才是家庭的领导者,那么最常见的行为就是“诱导抚摸”。</strong></p>\n<p>诱导抚摸是指,你在做自己的事情时,猫咪跳到你的身上要求你抚摸它们。如果你不配合,猫咪可能会咬你,逼迫你按照它的想法进行。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-942fc13d1437d78c5e73a126847b8e25_720w.gif?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>图自:giphy</figcaption></figure>\n<p>而在它们觉得抚摸够了的时候,如果你还不结束,它们会表现出生气、攻击行为。</p>\n<blockquote><strong>如何判断主子已经不耐烦了?</strong><br>当你撸着撸着,发现猫咪突然回头,</blockquote>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-5a57e501c57900d5f302a36631768351_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>图自:猫研所</figcaption></figure>\n<blockquote>上嘴唇提起,尾巴快速地左右摆动。</blockquote>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-441824a8657cbb2a52f8577b9db73b4f_720w.gif?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>图自:giphy</figcaption></figure>\n<blockquote>那还是赶快住手,保命要紧呐!</blockquote>\n<p>如果你发现自己确实是在家里没地位的那个,怎么办?</p>\n<p>还不赶快讨好一下猫老大,让它罩着你?</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-9ac87139d0740bc1a8a6e31cc0345a1a_720w.gif?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>跪舔大佬!图自:网络</figcaption></figure>\n<p>啊...多猫家庭不知道谁是猫老大怎么办?</p>\n<p>接下来教你识别喵星人中谁是大佬!</p>\n<hr>\n<p><strong><strong>Round 2 猫咪与猫咪</strong></strong></p>\n<p>抱紧那条最粗的大腿!</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>战斗之中,谁是胜利者?</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p>想要识别家里的猫咪谁是猫老大,最直观的方法就是围观猫咪之间的战斗。</p>\n<p>谁是气定神闲被挑战的那一个?谁主动出击?最后谁首先退出争斗区域?</p>\n<p><strong>争斗结束,一般留在原地的猫咪是家里的“猫老大”。</strong></p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-2786cb04062b4cd82f12b17617a60c1f_720w.gif?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>图自:giphy</figcaption></figure>\n<p>家里的其他猫咪会不断挑战“猫老大”的位置,如果猫老大失败,权力更替。猫咪的地盘也会重新划分。</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>吃饭的时候,谁先吃?</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>一般开饭的时候,先过来吃饭的“猫老大”。</strong></p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-8be3f4fe94527056976e665c1585cbfa_720w.gif?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>想吃饭?先 battle!图自:gifak</figcaption></figure>\n<p><strong>走路的时候,谁走最短的线路</strong></p>\n<p>当你呼唤家里的猫咪时,通常,<strong>“猫老大”会采用走最短最方便的线路过来Line truncated
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"title": "双语百科:为什么鸟儿在黎明歌唱?",
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"description": "<div><div class=\"mian_txt\" id=\"Content\">\n\n \n\n \n \n\n <p>清晨悦耳的鸟鸣让人心旷神怡,但是一天中的其他时间却很少能听到鸟叫。为什么鸟儿都喜欢在清晨歌唱?来本文中寻找答案吧。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<figure class=\"image\" style=\"display: table;\"> \n <img src=\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/04/66d7fb2da3108f29a8b65829.jpeg\" data-from=\"newsroom\" data-mimetype=\"image/jpeg\" id=\"img-66d7fb2da3108f29a8b65829\"> \n <figcaption style=\"display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom;\">\n Photo/Pexels \n </figcaption> \n</figure> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Wake up early enough and, depending on where you live, you’ll likely hear a pleasant chorus of birds chirping their tiny hearts out. This am avian arrangement is instinctual behavior for birds, but why?<br>早上起得够早的话,在你所住的地方也许能听到一阵悦耳的鸟鸣。在清晨歌唱是鸟的本能行为,但是鸟鸣为什么都在清晨呢?</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>According to the Woodland Trust, this early singing is known as the dawn chorus, and it can start as early as 4 am and last for several hours. Birds do it to attract mates and warn other birds to avoid their turf. One theory as to why they opt for the wee hours to communicate these important messages is because the low visibility makes it hard to do other bird activities, like foraging. Keeping their activity level low, they opt to sing instead.<br>林地信托机构称,鸟儿在清晨鸣叫最早从凌晨4点开始,可持续数个小时。鸟鸣叫是为了吸引配偶,也是为了警告其他鸟不要入侵自己的领地。关于鸟类为什么选择在凌晨传递这些重要信息,有一个理论是,凌晨能见度低,鸟类难以进行觅食等其他活动,既然无事可做,那么鸟儿就转而选择鸣叫。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Another theory argues that birds use the morning vocals to project an image of strength. By singing with fervor, they’re letting other birds know they survived the night—no guarantee in nature—and would make for an excellent mate.<br>另一种理论认为,鸟类利用晨鸣来展示自己的力量。通过热情地歌唱,它们让其他鸟儿知道自己已经安然度过黑夜——要知道自然界的动物过着朝不保夕的日子,不一定能看见明天的太阳——并能够成为出色的伴侣。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Like a good recording studio, the early morning hours also allow birds to transmit a clear tune thanks to the cooler, drier air. Because birds have distinctive chirps, that clarity helps them be more easily identified by birds within listening distance.<br>清晨的空气更凉爽、更干燥,就像一个效果很好的录音棚,鸟儿在此时歌唱能传递出清晰的音质。因为鸟儿的声音各有不同,这种清晰度可以让听得见的鸟儿更容易识别出它们的声音。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>There used to be a prevailing theory that birds sang so much in the mornings because the sounds could travel greater distances due to less atmospheric turbulence, but it was disproven by researchers at the University of Western Ontario in 2003. They played recordings of sparrows at dawn and midday. The songs didn’t travel farther, but they were more consistent.<br>过去有一个流行的理论认为,鸟儿最爱在清晨鸣叫是因为在气流稳定的时候声音能传播得更远。但是西安大略大学的研究人员在2003年否定了这一理论。研究人员在黎明和中午分别播放了麻雀的录音。然而麻雀声音并没有传播得更远,只不过黎明时分麻雀的叫声更连贯。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Because birds only have so much energy to belt one out, singing when they stand the best chance of being heard makes sense. For a bird, an early morning session is like having the perfect acoustic environment for their performance.<br>因为鸟儿只能用有限的精力来鸣叫,它们自然会选择在最可能被听到的时候歌唱。对一只鸟儿来说,清晨鸣叫相当于在最佳音效环境中表演。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>英文来源:Mental Floss</p> \n<p>编译:丹妮</p> \n<p>审校:董静、齐磊</p>\n\n </div></div>",
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"description": "<div><div class=\"mian_txt\" id=\"Content\">\n\n \n\n \n \n\n <p>A new semester means a fresh start. Get your semester started right by practicing these strategies, and your productivity will soar.<br>新学期意味着新的开始。掌握了新学期的正确打开方式,你的学习效率将会直线上升。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<figure class=\"image\" style=\"display: table;\"> \n <img src=\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/02/66d5837ba3108f29a8b6344c.jpeg\" data-from=\"newsroom\" data-mimetype=\"image/jpeg\" id=\"img-66d5837ba3108f29a8b6344c\"> \n <figcaption style=\"display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom;\">\n Photo/Pexels \n </figcaption> \n</figure> \n<p> </p> \n<p><strong>1. Get organized </strong><br><strong>让一切井井有条</strong></p> \n<p>Organization helps you reduce chaos and stress, thus making you more productive. Develop a system at the start of your semester. This may include:<br>条理性可以帮助你减少混乱和压力,从而让你做事更有效率。在开学时把一切都整理得井井有条,包括:</p> \n<p>--Color coded notebooks and/or folders for each class<br>——给每门课程准备一个彩页笔记本和文件夹;</p> \n<p>-- A planner with important dates and deadlines filled out <br>——准备一个日程表,标注出重要的日子和各项任务的截止日期;</p> \n<p>--Cleaning out your backpack, desk, and dorm room to reduce clutter from previous semesters<br>——清理背包、书桌和宿舍,把前几个学期积攒下来的无用之物处理掉;</p> \n<p>--Organizing your computer files (e.g., by school year, semester, course, and assignment type or project)<br>——整理电脑文件,可以按照学年、学期、课程、作业或项目分门别类;</p> \n<p>If you keep track of deadlines, know where to find everything, and maintain a well-organized space, you free up your mind to focus on learning and achieving.<br>如果你对截止日期了如指掌,知道每样东西放在哪儿,把空间整理得井井有条,你就可以把脑子腾出来专心学习,做出成绩。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p><strong>2. Get into a routine</strong><br><strong>做事有规律</strong></p> \n<p>Like being organized, establishing a routine helps your life run smoothly.<br>和条理性一样,做事有规律可以让你的生活更顺利。</p> \n<p>It’s easier said than done, but try waking up and going to sleep around the same time each day (or at least on weekdays). Schedule time for the gym, any clubs or activities you participate in, and studying. Instead of waiting until the last minute to work on assignments or cram in information, set aside studying/homework blocks each day. Choose a time of day when you feel especially productive.<br>尽管说起来容易做起来难,但是你可以试着每天都在同一时间起床和睡觉(至少在工作日如此)。规划好去健身、去参加社团或其他活动以及学习的时间。每天都要留出一整块时间用于学习和做作业,不要等到最后一刻才赶作业或背书。选择一天中你自认为效率最高的时间来学习。</p> \n<p>Start each day on a positive note by preparing the night before. For instance, set out the outfit you’ll wear to class and pack your backpack with the supplies you’ll need that day. Instead of frantically scrambling around in the morning, you’ll begin the day feeling confident and prepared. Ultimately, these small habits make a big difference in your overall mood and performance.<br>通过在前一天晚上做好准备,以积极的态度开始每一天。举例而言,准备好你明天上课要穿的衣服,在书包里放好明天需要的东西。这样,你就可以在准备充分的情况下自信地开始新的一天,而不是一大早紧张忙乱地到处找东西。最终,这些小习惯将会让你的整体情绪状态和表现大为改观。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p><strong>3. Surround yourself with motivated peers</strong><br><strong>结交好学的同伴</strong></p> \n<p>Maybe you’ve heard the saying, “Show me your friends and I’ll show you your future.” It may sound dramatic, but it’s true that the people you spend the most time with have a major influence on you. If your friends are partying every night, skipping class, and seemingly unconcerned about their grades, staying motivated will be an uphill battle for you.<br>也许你听过这句话:“你身边的朋友决定你的未来。”这也许听起来有些夸张,但是你与之交往时间最长的人对你会产生重大影响,这是事实。如果你的朋友夜夜狂欢,逃课,对成绩毫不在意,那么保持斗志对你来说会非常困难。</p> \n<p>Try to make at least one positive friend in every class. Meet ambitious people with clearly defined goals, good study habits, and healthy lifestyles. These friends can help yLine truncated
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Reference in new issue
Block a user