From 7e9e2ae940354b8cb59d1f0b7bb5392f7e255228 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: CrazyJasonwell Date: Wed, 20 Aug 2025 20:50:59 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] vault backup: 2025-08-20 20:50:59 --- .obsidian/plugins/cubox-sync/data.json | 2 +- .obsidian/plugins/rss-reader/data.json | 528 ++----------------------- 2 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 507 deletions(-) diff --git a/.obsidian/plugins/cubox-sync/data.json b/.obsidian/plugins/cubox-sync/data.json index 017b793f..647a4f7a 100644 --- a/.obsidian/plugins/cubox-sync/data.json +++ b/.obsidian/plugins/cubox-sync/data.json @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ "contentTemplate": "# {{{title}}}\n\n{{{description}}}\n\n{{{article_title}}} //文章内容标题\n{{{content}}} //文章正文\n\n\n[Read in Cubox]({{{cubox_url}}}) \n[Read Original]({{{url}}}) \n\n---\n\n{{#highlights.length}}\n## Annotations \n\n{{#highlights}}\n> {{{text}}} \n\n{{#note}}\n{{{note}}}\n{{/note}}\n[Link️]({{{cubox_url}}}) \n\n{{/highlights}}\n{{/highlights.length}}", "highlightInContent": true, "dateFormat": "yyyy-MM-dd", - "lastSyncTime": 1755691980640, + "lastSyncTime": 1755693780677, "lastSyncCardId": "7356878557827565577", "lastCardUpdateTime": "2025-08-18T06:01:59.474+0800", "syncing": false diff --git a/.obsidian/plugins/rss-reader/data.json b/.obsidian/plugins/rss-reader/data.json index 203c04ac..1c8fe57f 100644 --- a/.obsidian/plugins/rss-reader/data.json +++ b/.obsidian/plugins/rss-reader/data.json @@ -996,28 +996,6 @@ "hash": "5d66395f89962a9c334d757ace8eb478", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "在 Mac 上爽玩游戏？我的折腾与收获", - "description": "这只是一个 Mac 用户对游戏的探索，「能玩」便已经满足了很大一部分期待。查看全文", - "content": "这只是一个 Mac 用户对游戏的探索，「能玩」便已经满足了很大一部分期待。查看全文", - "category": "", - "link": "https://sspai.com/post/101506", - "creator": "Nnnobel", - "pubDate": "Mon, 18 Aug 2025 11:30:41 +0800", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "zh", - "folder": "资讯", - "feed": "少数派", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "af284497fd11698427241adda9b88dc9", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "frp v0.64.0 更新：开源内网穿透工具，最简洁教程", "description": "frp 是一款跨平台的内网穿透工具，支持 Windows、macOS 与 Linux，它需要你有一台拥有固定公网 IP 的电脑，VPS 最好，然后就能愉快的进行内网穿透了。还支持 https，甚至可以用它进行小程序开发。@Appinn v0.64.0 新增 tokenSource 支持 2025年8 ", @@ -1383,6 +1361,28 @@ "image": "\n\t", "description": "分享免费、小巧、实用、有趣、绿色的软件", "items": [ + { + "title": "皇宫女官到底管什么，真能像电视剧一样只手遮天吗？", + "description": "


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《陆贞传奇》里执掌朝纲的“女宰相”陆贞，《宫心计》中凭借珠宝鉴赏与刺绣技艺立足的刘三好，《大长今》里掌控御膳房甚至牵动王储命运的崔尚宫……古装剧中那些身着官服、运筹帷幄的“女强人”总让人热血沸腾。她们或才华横溢，或权势煊赫，常成为剧情发展的关键推手。



真实历史中的古代女官，究竟扮演着怎样的角色？她们当真能如戏剧演绎那般翻手为云、覆手为雨吗？


纵观中国古代王朝，为辅助皇后实现“母仪天下”之责，确保后宫“内治”有序，建立专门的女官机构统御妃嫔与宫女，是历朝的共通之策。追溯源头，《周礼》便勾勒出一幅理想蓝图：


“天子后立六宫、三夫人、九嫔、二十七世妇、八十一御妻。以听天下之内治，以明章妇顺，故天下内和而家理。”


女官分管后宫内治，各司其职，此构想虽未在西周落地，却为后世女官制度奠定了框架雏形。及至隋文帝时期，后宫事务已形成六尚、六司、六典的系统化管理。隋炀帝进一步细化出涵盖尚宫、尚仪、尚服、尚食、尚寝、尚功六大职能的六局二十四司体系，宫掖女官由此脱胎为具备明确品秩、官印与衙署的宫廷行政单元。女官职衔也日益增多，品级与权责愈加清晰。



回望这些演进脉络，不仅能窥见女官们如何在各自的职责范围内维系着后宫秩序，更能为我们清晰勾勒出她们在历史中真实的职务“版图”。


女官们的权力边界

 

广义上的女官指后宫所有妃嫔与执掌事务的宫人，狭义的女官则专指那些并非天子嫔御，却实际管理后宫事务的各级女性官员。自《周礼》以来，“内官”“宫官”等名号沿用千年，但其根本职责始终清晰，即“以阴礼教六宫，以阴礼教九嫔，以妇职之法教九御”，权力范围严格限定于后宫内务，不涉足外朝政务。



为了确保后宫“内治”有序运转，女官们不仅严格遵循等级，更如同朝廷百官般各司其职。“夫人”辅佐皇后，总揽宫务；“世妇”主理祭祀、宾客、丧仪等典仪。而“御妻”则专司具体事务，比如女御安排帝王起居、献呈女工，并襄助世妇；女祝掌管祭祀祈祷；女史则记录礼制、协理内政。此外，还有在宦官统领下，专司酒、浆、醢（hǎi，肉酱）、篣（笾豆）、醯（xī，醋）、盐、幂（覆盖物）等饮食供奉的低阶女官。整个体系层级分明，职责清晰，俨然一个微缩的官场。


然而，这套看似严密的制度藩篱，在历史长河中并非牢不可破，总有特例凭借特殊机缘，悄然膨胀权势。电视剧《陆贞传奇》里，女主角陆贞从遭继母迫害的官商孤女，到入宫为婢，凭借聪慧与坚韧逐步晋升为高级女官，最终辅佐幼帝高纬成为北齐权倾朝野的女宰相。



陆贞的原型是北齐时代的女官陆令萱。陆令萱本为罪奴，因做北齐后主乳母而受封郡君，后升为“女侍中”总管后宫。她借养女穆皇后之势被尊为太姬，权势超越了公主。可见，皇室的近侍乳母可以突破身份获得封诰，甚至跃居最高女官实权干政。女侍中、女尚书等职在出土石刻中亦时有所见,如北魏高肇之姐韩贿妻高氏,宣武帝时“授内侍中,用委宫掖。献可谏否,节凝图篆”。她们具备较高的文化修养，可以向皇帝进谏谋议。


汉代后宫就出现了女官名号，如女长御、女尚书、学事史、中宫史等，名目不少，北魏孝文帝时期后宫女官制度已经臻于完善。当时后宫最高女官叫“内司”，从一品，该职在十六国时期便已经设置，主要负责教后宫妃嫔宫女们学习文化和技艺。北魏的三品女官还有“监”和“女尚书”。比如“尝食监”，就是专管后妃饮食的“营养管理师”。女尚书权力更大些，在皇帝外出时能代为处理朝廷奏章，还能安排嫔妃们见皇帝。所以女尚书必须很有文化，比如北魏女尚书王僧男便是“惠性敏悟，日诵干言，听受训诂，一闻持晓”。



历史上女官参政的案例还有很多，最著名的当数武则天时期的上官婉儿。她本因祖父获罪而没入掖庭为奴，却因“天性韶警，善文章”被武则天破格提拔。中宗复位后，她晋封昭容，权势臻于鼎盛，一面代帝后起草诏令、品评群臣诗赋，一面又周旋于武三思、韦后与太平公主之间。



随着武则天执政，部分女官得以突破宫墙限制崭露头角，开始影响前朝政局走向，但类似上官婉儿的特例在女官历史上并不多见。此类“干涉王务”的女官，更多是君主或皇后一时信宠的结果，而非制度赋予女官的常规权力。


对比之下，今天的文艺创作者们将后宫管理者塑造成能“呼风唤雨”的一品女相，显然是对历史的浪漫加工。她们的权力天花板始终被锁定在朱红宫墙之内，无论职衔多高，也依旧需要倚仗皇室的破格恩宠，才能获得超越常规的影响力。


宫廷里的“专业天团”

 

《延禧攻略》里绣坊宫女的明争暗斗，仿佛后宫的每个角落都在上演职场江湖：谁能得贵人一笑，谁就能分得更多赏赐。历史上的宫廷确实有这样一支专业化程度极高的小团队，不过，她们的竞合关系并非完全是尔虞我诈，相反，她们倾向于为了维系庞大后宫日常运转而精诚合作。



专职女官在隋朝已自成体系。隋朝摒弃女长御、女侍中、大监等官名，首创以“尚”为名的六尚机构，专职侍奉后妃。隋文帝设六尚、六司、六典，隋炀帝完善为“六局二十四司”体系，分尚宫、尚仪、尚服、尚食、尚寝、尚功局，各自统领下属四司，共二十四司，专管后宫日常事务。这些女官皆定品级，高者五品，低者九品，属严格意义上的宫廷管理者。唐代承袭此制，六局二十四司构成后宫运转核心，职责涵盖文书、礼仪、生活管理及宫规执行，并且各有官印和办公衙署，有较为严格的运行规制，俨然是宫内的一个微型官府。


洪武五年（1372），明太祖朱元璋着手规范后宫女官制度。礼部官员追溯前朝旧制时指出，周代设内官辅佐内治，汉代分十四等内官计数百人，唐代则置六局二十四司共190人，另配女史50余人，均选自良家女子。朱元璋认为古制规模过于庞大，易启后宫干政之弊，须为后世立警诫，遂下令大幅裁撤，最终确立六局、一司的新女官体系。



六局分别为尚宫、尚仪、尚服、尚食、尚寝、尚功，都为正六品官。


尚宫下设司纪、司言、司簿、司闱，总领六局文籍印署与衔接各司奏牒；

尚仪负责礼仪之事，下设司籍、司乐、司宾、司赞；

尚服下设司宝、司衣、司仗、司饰，既要掌管服饰配章，也要保管宫中印信与符契，保障内廷物资与礼仪的精准发放；

尚食下辖司馔、司酝、司药、司供，专责御膳的烹调、酿造、药膳与点心；

尚寝下设司设、司舆、司苑、司灯，掌管侍寝次序；

尚功下设司制、司珍、司彩、司计，统筹女红与核算等；

一司即宫正司，也是正六品官，主要掌管戒令责罚之事。


正因如此，这些女官在宫廷中拥有明确的职权边界与专业分工。剧中尚宫能号令天下，实则只是艺术加工的浪漫，真实的尚宫局，只负责出纳文籍、领旨、署牒，所有向外部司局的申请与回报，都要由尚宫局“印署之”后，再付内使监施行。而司膳与司药，则要精于药理与烹饪技艺，以防后妃饮食不当而生病，遇到节令庆典，她们要提前选料、试膳，再协调各局间的配合，这既是技艺的较量，也是一场物资与时间的考验。



当然，女官内部也有升迁与竞争。品阶名次决定了她们与后妃面见、传旨的先后次序，而晋升则要靠过硬的专业能力与良好的品德记录。《明代妇女生活》记载，洪武年间选女官时，明太祖特示：“宜防女宠，垂法将来。”遂以才学与操守为重，只有既知书达理，又能勤恳尽责者，方可晋为女史、调入各司。


明朝的女官中，就有不少“女秀才”。例如永乐二年（1404），左都御史陈瑛上奏，弹劾驸马梅殷“畜养亡命，与女秀才刘氏朋邪诅咒”。可见，女秀才之名，在永乐年间就已出现。按照明代惯例，宫中女子都曾接受内臣的教习，读书通文理，先授予她们为女秀才，而后升为女史、宫官甚至六局掌印之官。



比起跌宕起伏的宫廷权谋，女官的价值更体现在用真才实学支撑起后宫庞大而复杂的日常，让皇宫得以精细运行。


古代女官的人生浮沉

 

有些影视剧还偏爱描绘女官与王公贵胄的情感纠葛，甚至有女官嫁入皇家成为妃嫔的情节。然而历史实情是，女官与秀女、宫女有着本质的不同：秀女以侍君为归宿，宫女可因临幸晋位，而女官不过是“左右后妃以供事者，皆非进御于王者也”，其立身之本在“贤”，而非“色”。古代女官除需精通内廷礼仪、管理文书，更要品行端庄、洁身自好。



明代女官的际遇恰是明证。黄惟德于洪武二十二年（1389）入宫，永乐年间官至五品尚服局局正，宣德七年（1432）告老还乡时仍是处子之身。


明成祖时期，司彩王氏受到皇帝青睐，一位年轻漂亮的权妃便暗示王司彩抓住攀高枝的好机会，可得“同辇之爱”。王司彩严词婉拒道：


“臣固嫠妇也，敢当下陈哉。”


意为：“我早就是寡妇了！守节是本分，您怎么让我去干这种事？”


她这么硬气地拒绝，明成祖非但没生气，反而觉得她人品刚正，值得敬重。



为维系女官的专业性，朝廷甚至为识字的女子特设了宽容的选拔机制。建文四年（1402），礼部发布告示，公开招募女官。具体规定如下：


凡是军民家庭的妇人，只要识字，年龄在三十岁至四十岁之间，并且本人自愿入宫，当地官员就必须负责将她们护送至京城。即使女子容貌不佳，只要年龄在十七八岁以上，识字且本人愿意入宫，也可以一并为其提供路费，送往京城候选。但所有应选女子，都必须由其父母亲自护送到京城。朝廷会按这些女子入宫后所授予的品级，给予其家庭相应的俸禄作为赏赐，用以优厚供养其家人，并免除其家庭承担的各类杂役徭役。妇人入宫之后，如果年满五十岁，并且愿意返回家乡，朝廷允许其回归故里。女子若在宫中服务十多年后，遇有识字的合适人选接替其职务，并且本人也愿意离宫回乡婚嫁，朝廷同样会尊重其意愿，准许其离开。


在这样的体制下，女官的评选标准只有真才实学，她们与皇帝或皇子的情感纠葛，往往是剧作家的浪漫附会。


制度的渐次衰落，也将女官们推向命运的浪潮。从唐中后期宦官崛起，后宫管理便逐渐“外包”了；明永乐以后，多数女官职掌移交宦署，仅存司宝等数司；时至清代，女官权力外移，宦官与内务府逐渐取代女官之职，在宫中任职的所谓“女官”主要来自内务府旗人，且仅临时性差使，昔日“六局”“二十四司”的女官体制已不复存在。



女官制度的兴衰，既记录着后宫治理的变迁，也缝合着无数被忽视的生命细节。她们既是掌管玺印符契的机要秘书，也是调配宫廷用度的财务总监，是保障饮食医药的后勤主管，也是督导礼仪教化的文化教员。她们的舞台狭小却功用浩瀚，凭借刺绣、算账、文书起草等真才实学，古代女官们在有限的“职场”空间内追求着价值，日复一日把王朝的日常缝缀得无声而稳固。


参考资料：

柏桦：《中国官制史上》，沈阳：万卷出版公司，2020年。

李果林：《〈周礼〉所记王室女官职事述论》，《镇江高专学报》，2019年。

苗霖霖：《北魏后宫制度考论》，《黑龙江民族丛刊》，2016年。

罗彤华：《唐代后宫女官研究——宫官制度及其演变与影响》，《中华文史论丛》，2018年。

陈宝良：《明代妇女生活》，北京：中国工人出版社，2023年。

滕德永：《清宫女官制度抉微》，《吉林师范大学学报》，2023年。


*本文系“国家人文历史”独家稿件，欢迎读者转发朋友圈。


END
作者 | 关禾
编辑 | 胡心雅
 主编 | 周斌
排版 | 徐沁（实习）
校对 | 火炬 李栋 张斌 古月
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《陆贞传奇》里执掌朝纲的“女宰相”陆贞，《宫心计》中凭借珠宝鉴赏与刺绣技艺立足的刘三好，《大长今》里掌控御膳房甚至牵动王储命运的崔尚宫……古装剧中那些身着官服、运筹帷幄的“女强人”总让人热血沸腾。她们或才华横溢，或权势煊赫，常成为剧情发展的关键推手。



真实历史中的古代女官，究竟扮演着怎样的角色？她们当真能如戏剧演绎那般翻手为云、覆手为雨吗？


纵观中国古代王朝，为辅助皇后实现“母仪天下”之责，确保后宫“内治”有序，建立专门的女官机构统御妃嫔与宫女，是历朝的共通之策。追溯源头，《周礼》便勾勒出一幅理想蓝图：


“天子后立六宫、三夫人、九嫔、二十七世妇、八十一御妻。以听天下之内治，以明章妇顺，故天下内和而家理。”


女官分管后宫内治，各司其职，此构想虽未在西周落地，却为后世女官制度奠定了框架雏形。及至隋文帝时期，后宫事务已形成六尚、六司、六典的系统化管理。隋炀帝进一步细化出涵盖尚宫、尚仪、尚服、尚食、尚寝、尚功六大职能的六局二十四司体系，宫掖女官由此脱胎为具备明确品秩、官印与衙署的宫廷行政单元。女官职衔也日益增多，品级与权责愈加清晰。



回望这些演进脉络，不仅能窥见女官们如何在各自的职责范围内维系着后宫秩序，更能为我们清晰勾勒出她们在历史中真实的职务“版图”。


女官们的权力边界

 

广义上的女官指后宫所有妃嫔与执掌事务的宫人，狭义的女官则专指那些并非天子嫔御，却实际管理后宫事务的各级女性官员。自《周礼》以来，“内官”“宫官”等名号沿用千年，但其根本职责始终清晰，即“以阴礼教六宫，以阴礼教九嫔，以妇职之法教九御”，权力范围严格限定于后宫内务，不涉足外朝政务。



为了确保后宫“内治”有序运转，女官们不仅严格遵循等级，更如同朝廷百官般各司其职。“夫人”辅佐皇后，总揽宫务；“世妇”主理祭祀、宾客、丧仪等典仪。而“御妻”则专司具体事务，比如女御安排帝王起居、献呈女工，并襄助世妇；女祝掌管祭祀祈祷；女史则记录礼制、协理内政。此外，还有在宦官统领下，专司酒、浆、醢（hǎi，肉酱）、篣（笾豆）、醯（xī，醋）、盐、幂（覆盖物）等饮食供奉的低阶女官。整个体系层级分明，职责清晰，俨然一个微缩的官场。


然而，这套看似严密的制度藩篱，在历史长河中并非牢不可破，总有特例凭借特殊机缘，悄然膨胀权势。电视剧《陆贞传奇》里，女主角陆贞从遭继母迫害的官商孤女，到入宫为婢，凭借聪慧与坚韧逐步晋升为高级女官，最终辅佐幼帝高纬成为北齐权倾朝野的女宰相。



陆贞的原型是北齐时代的女官陆令萱。陆令萱本为罪奴，因做北齐后主乳母而受封郡君，后升为“女侍中”总管后宫。她借养女穆皇后之势被尊为太姬，权势超越了公主。可见，皇室的近侍乳母可以突破身份获得封诰，甚至跃居最高女官实权干政。女侍中、女尚书等职在出土石刻中亦时有所见,如北魏高肇之姐韩贿妻高氏,宣武帝时“授内侍中,用委宫掖。献可谏否,节凝图篆”。她们具备较高的文化修养，可以向皇帝进谏谋议。


汉代后宫就出现了女官名号，如女长御、女尚书、学事史、中宫史等，名目不少，北魏孝文帝时期后宫女官制度已经臻于完善。当时后宫最高女官叫“内司”，从一品，该职在十六国时期便已经设置，主要负责教后宫妃嫔宫女们学习文化和技艺。北魏的三品女官还有“监”和“女尚书”。比如“尝食监”，就是专管后妃饮食的“营养管理师”。女尚书权力更大些，在皇帝外出时能代为处理朝廷奏章，还能安排嫔妃们见皇帝。所以女尚书必须很有文化，比如北魏女尚书王僧男便是“惠性敏悟，日诵干言，听受训诂，一闻持晓”。



历史上女官参政的案例还有很多，最著名的当数武则天时期的上官婉儿。她本因祖父获罪而没入掖庭为奴，却因“天性韶警，善文章”被武则天破格提拔。中宗复位后，她晋封昭容，权势臻于鼎盛，一面代帝后起草诏令、品评群臣诗赋，一面又周旋于武三思、韦后与太平公主之间。



随着武则天执政，部分女官得以突破宫墙限制崭露头角，开始影响前朝政局走向，但类似上官婉儿的特例在女官历史上并不多见。此类“干涉王务”的女官，更多是君主或皇后一时信宠的结果，而非制度赋予女官的常规权力。


对比之下，今天的文艺创作者们将后宫管理者塑造成能“呼风唤雨”的一品女相，显然是对历史的浪漫加工。她们的权力天花板始终被锁定在朱红宫墙之内，无论职衔多高，也依旧需要倚仗皇室的破格恩宠，才能获得超越常规的影响力。


宫廷里的“专业天团”

 

《延禧攻略》里绣坊宫女的明争暗斗，仿佛后宫的每个角落都在上演职场江湖：谁能得贵人一笑，谁就能分得更多赏赐。历史上的宫廷确实有这样一支专业化程度极高的小团队，不过，她们的竞合关系并非完全是尔虞我诈，相反，她们倾向于为了维系庞大后宫日常运转而精诚合作。



专职女官在隋朝已自成体系。隋朝摒弃女长御、女侍中、大监等官名，首创以“尚”为名的六尚机构，专职侍奉后妃。隋文帝设六尚、六司、六典，隋炀帝完善为“六局二十四司”体系，分尚宫、尚仪、尚服、尚食、尚寝、尚功局，各自统领下属四司，共二十四司，专管后宫日常事务。这些女官皆定品级，高者五品，低者九品，属严格意义上的宫廷管理者。唐代承袭此制，六局二十四司构成后宫运转核心，职责涵盖文书、礼仪、生活管理及宫规执行，并且各有官印和办公衙署，有较为严格的运行规制，俨然是宫内的一个微型官府。


洪武五年（1372），明太祖朱元璋着手规范后宫女官制度。礼部官员追溯前朝旧制时指出，周代设内官辅佐内治，汉代分十四等内官计数百人，唐代则置六局二十四司共190人，另配女史50余人，均选自良家女子。朱元璋认为古制规模过于庞大，易启后宫干政之弊，须为后世立警诫，遂下令大幅裁撤，最终确立六局、一司的新女官体系。



六局分别为尚宫、尚仪、尚服、尚食、尚寝、尚功，都为正六品官。


尚宫下设司纪、司言、司簿、司闱，总领六局文籍印署与衔接各司奏牒；

尚仪负责礼仪之事，下设司籍、司乐、司宾、司赞；

尚服下设司宝、司衣、司仗、司饰，既要掌管服饰配章，也要保管宫中印信与符契，保障内廷物资与礼仪的精准发放；

尚食下辖司馔、司酝、司药、司供，专责御膳的烹调、酿造、药膳与点心；

尚寝下设司设、司舆、司苑、司灯，掌管侍寝次序；

尚功下设司制、司珍、司彩、司计，统筹女红与核算等；

一司即宫正司，也是正六品官，主要掌管戒令责罚之事。


正因如此，这些女官在宫廷中拥有明确的职权边界与专业分工。剧中尚宫能号令天下，实则只是艺术加工的浪漫，真实的尚宫局，只负责出纳文籍、领旨、署牒，所有向外部司局的申请与回报，都要由尚宫局“印署之”后，再付内使监施行。而司膳与司药，则要精于药理与烹饪技艺，以防后妃饮食不当而生病，遇到节令庆典，她们要提前选料、试膳，再协调各局间的配合，这既是技艺的较量，也是一场物资与时间的考验。



当然，女官内部也有升迁与竞争。品阶名次决定了她们与后妃面见、传旨的先后次序，而晋升则要靠过硬的专业能力与良好的品德记录。《明代妇女生活》记载，洪武年间选女官时，明太祖特示：“宜防女宠，垂法将来。”遂以才学与操守为重，只有既知书达理，又能勤恳尽责者，方可晋为女史、调入各司。


明朝的女官中，就有不少“女秀才”。例如永乐二年（1404），左都御史陈瑛上奏，弹劾驸马梅殷“畜养亡命，与女秀才刘氏朋邪诅咒”。可见，女秀才之名，在永乐年间就已出现。按照明代惯例，宫中女子都曾接受内臣的教习，读书通文理，先授予她们为女秀才，而后升为女史、宫官甚至六局掌印之官。



比起跌宕起伏的宫廷权谋，女官的价值更体现在用真才实学支撑起后宫庞大而复杂的日常，让皇宫得以精细运行。


古代女官的人生浮沉

 

有些影视剧还偏爱描绘女官与王公贵胄的情感纠葛，甚至有女官嫁入皇家成为妃嫔的情节。然而历史实情是，女官与秀女、宫女有着本质的不同：秀女以侍君为归宿，宫女可因临幸晋位，而女官不过是“左右后妃以供事者，皆非进御于王者也”，其立身之本在“贤”，而非“色”。古代女官除需精通内廷礼仪、管理文书，更要品行端庄、洁身自好。



明代女官的际遇恰是明证。黄惟德于洪武二十二年（1389）入宫，永乐年间官至五品尚服局局正，宣德七年（1432）告老还乡时仍是处子之身。


明成祖时期，司彩王氏受到皇帝青睐，一位年轻漂亮的权妃便暗示王司彩抓住攀高枝的好机会，可得“同辇之爱”。王司彩严词婉拒道：


“臣固嫠妇也，敢当下陈哉。”


意为：“我早就是寡妇了！守节是本分，您怎么让我去干这种事？”


她这么硬气地拒绝，明成祖非但没生气，反而觉得她人品刚正，值得敬重。



为维系女官的专业性，朝廷甚至为识字的女子特设了宽容的选拔机制。建文四年（1402），礼部发布告示，公开招募女官。具体规定如下：


凡是军民家庭的妇人，只要识字，年龄在三十岁至四十岁之间，并且本人自愿入宫，当地官员就必须负责将她们护送至京城。即使女子容貌不佳，只要年龄在十七八岁以上，识字且本人愿意入宫，也可以一并为其提供路费，送往京城候选。但所有应选女子，都必须由其父母亲自护送到京城。朝廷会按这些女子入宫后所授予的品级，给予其家庭相应的俸禄作为赏赐，用以优厚供养其家人，并免除其家庭承担的各类杂役徭役。妇人入宫之后，如果年满五十岁，并且愿意返回家乡，朝廷允许其回归故里。女子若在宫中服务十多年后，遇有识字的合适人选接替其职务，并且本人也愿意离宫回乡婚嫁，朝廷同样会尊重其意愿，准许其离开。


在这样的体制下，女官的评选标准只有真才实学，她们与皇帝或皇子的情感纠葛，往往是剧作家的浪漫附会。


制度的渐次衰落，也将女官们推向命运的浪潮。从唐中后期宦官崛起，后宫管理便逐渐“外包”了；明永乐以后，多数女官职掌移交宦署，仅存司宝等数司；时至清代，女官权力外移，宦官与内务府逐渐取代女官之职，在宫中任职的所谓“女官”主要来自内务府旗人，且仅临时性差使，昔日“六局”“二十四司”的女官体制已不复存在。



女官制度的兴衰，既记录着后宫治理的变迁，也缝合着无数被忽视的生命细节。她们既是掌管玺印符契的机要秘书，也是调配宫廷用度的财务总监，是保障饮食医药的后勤主管，也是督导礼仪教化的文化教员。她们的舞台狭小却功用浩瀚，凭借刺绣、算账、文书起草等真才实学，古代女官们在有限的“职场”空间内追求着价值，日复一日把王朝的日常缝缀得无声而稳固。


参考资料：

柏桦：《中国官制史上》，沈阳：万卷出版公司，2020年。

李果林：《〈周礼〉所记王室女官职事述论》，《镇江高专学报》，2019年。

苗霖霖：《北魏后宫制度考论》，《黑龙江民族丛刊》，2016年。

罗彤华：《唐代后宫女官研究——宫官制度及其演变与影响》，《中华文史论丛》，2018年。

陈宝良：《明代妇女生活》，北京：中国工人出版社，2023年。

滕德永：《清宫女官制度抉微》，《吉林师范大学学报》，2023年。


*本文系“国家人文历史”独家稿件，欢迎读者转发朋友圈。


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作者 | 关禾
编辑 | 胡心雅
 主编 | 周斌
排版 | 徐沁（实习）
校对 | 火炬 李栋 张斌 古月
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大家都熟知西汉吕雉临朝称制、武则天自立为帝的故事。实际上，东汉时期，有一位女性，她如吕雉一般以太后身份执掌朝政十六年，却也敢像武则天一样以“朕”为自称，她临朝期间，对内抵抗自然灾害，对外抵御强敌入侵，挽救东汉统治，她就是一代女君邓绥。



幼时通晓经典，与班昭亦师亦友


邓绥出身南阳邓氏，她的祖父邓禹是东汉开国功臣，云台二十八将之首，父亲邓训，乐施下士，官至护羌校尉，她的母亲是光烈皇后阴丽华的堂侄女。出身名门的邓绥自幼才华横溢，她“六岁能《史书》，十二通《诗》《论语》”，她的兄弟们学习经传时，遇到不解的地方都经常向邓绥求教。


邓绥聪敏好学，爱读典籍，但对于当时女子应当通晓的家务女工之类的事务完全不感兴趣，她的母亲曾问邓绥：


“汝不习女工以供衣服，乃更务学，宁当举博士邪？”

（你不学习针线女红来缝制衣裳，反而这么专心读书，难道以后要去考博士吗？）


这里的博士并不是现代意义上的“博士研究生”，在东汉，“博士”是一种官职，负责编纂、校勘和教授经典，需要通晓经典、德才兼备的人才能担任。面对母亲的质问，邓绥表面上依从——她白天修习当时女子需要掌握的女工等，晚上却依然修读经典。家里的人给她起了个“诸生”的外号，意思好比我们现在的“大学生”一样，以此来说明邓绥爱好读书。邓绥的父亲邓训认为邓绥与众不同，家里的大小事经常与她商议。



永元七年（95），邓绥进入后宫，依然保留着好学的性格，《后汉书》中载她“自入宫掖，从曹大家受经书，兼天文、算数”。这里的“曹大家（gū‌）”便是我们熟知的班昭，“大家”是汉代对才德兼备的女性导师的尊称，因班昭夫姓曹，所以称她为“曹大家”。邓绥入宫后，正值汉和帝命班昭续写《汉书》，常召其入宫为后宫妃嫔讲学，可以说邓绥是班昭的学生。她们的师生情谊，还将在邓绥临朝后接续。


德冠后庭，邓绥的后宫升职记


邓绥被选入宫后，因为“长七尺二寸，姿颜姝丽，绝异于众，左右皆惊”，此时的邓绥年满十五岁，容颜美丽出众，令人惊叹，一年后，邓绥被封为贵人，正式开始了她的后宫晋升之路。


总结邓绥的后宫处世之道，不外“恭敬谨慎”四个字。《后汉书》载：


“（邓绥）恭肃小心，动有法度。承事阴后，夙夜战兢。”



她侍奉阴皇后十分恭敬，每逢宫廷宴会，其他嫔妃都争相打扮修饰自己，簪环耳饰光彩夺目，衣裙华丽鲜明。唯独邓绥穿着素淡，衣装毫无装饰。而且如果她的衣服颜色与阴皇后相同，她还会立刻换掉。邓绥身长七尺二寸，阴皇后却身高较矮，所以每当邓绥与阴皇后同时被皇帝召见之时，她总是微微弯着身子。而且她从不会逾矩与皇后平起平坐或并肩而立，总是退后半步站立，显得非常谦卑。皇帝每次问她话，她常常迟疑片刻，等阴皇后先说完再回答，不敢抢在阴皇后前面说话。邓绥对皇后恭敬的态度，让汉和帝不禁感慨道：“修德之劳，乃如是乎！”（修养德行的辛苦，竟到了这种地步吗！）


可即使邓绥对阴皇后十分恭敬，汉和帝对邓绥的日渐宠爱依然使阴皇后的危机感不断加重，越发忌恨邓绥。阴皇后还曾暗中施行巫蛊之术，想要加害于她。一次汉和帝病重，阴皇后私下对人说：


“我要是得势，决不让邓家再留下一个活口！”



这样的话不知怎的传入了邓绥的耳中，她流着泪向侍从说：


“我竭尽忠诚、全心全意地侍奉皇后，竟然得不到她的保佑，反而因此获罪于天。”


说着，为了避免皇后对邓氏一族的清算，邓绥打算自杀以平息阴皇后的怒火。她正要服毒自尽，却被身边的宫人阻止，宫人谎称汉和帝已病愈，邓绥信以为真，这才没有自杀。更令人惊异的是，第二天，汉和帝的病居然真的好了。



永元十四年（102）夏，阴皇后因暗行巫蛊被汉和帝废黜，汉和帝以“邓贵人德冠后庭”，立邓绥为后。


成为皇后的邓绥厉行节约，生活简朴，一改阴皇后时的奢侈之风，禁绝方国贡献珍宝，岁时季节只需进贡纸墨。邓皇后“不爱金玉，独爱纸墨”的个性，可能使得当时正做尚方令的蔡伦受此影响，“专心制造更合适更廉价的纸”，从这个角度看，邓绥为蔡伦改进造纸术也提供了动力。



女君亲政，内救灾民，外御敌寇


元兴元年（105），汉和帝驾崩，因其子息不丰，邓绥只能立出生百日的刘隆为帝，邓绥为皇太后，代理朝政，开始了女君亲政的时代。


邓绥临朝的十六年，虽然是以皇太后的名义扶持汉殇帝和汉安帝代理朝政，但在当时的诏书政令中，邓绥多次以“朕”自称，说明她实际上已经在实行皇帝的统治权。



邓绥临朝期间，正值东汉自然灾害最频发的时期，《后汉书》和《资治通鉴》中载：


延平元年（106）“有石陨地四”，“郡国三十七大水，伤稼”；永初元年（107）“郡国四十一、县三百一十五雨水。四渎溢，伤秋稼，坏城郭，杀人民”；永初三年（109）“三月，京师大饥，民相食。十二月，辛酉，郡国九地震。乙亥，有星孛于天苑。是岁，京师及郡国四十一雨水，并、凉二州大饥，人相食”；永初四年（110）“夏，蝗”



这一时期，洪水、干旱、蝗灾和地震频发，乃至出现了“人相食”的悲剧，被称为“水旱十年”。受古代“天人感应”观念的影响，不少大臣将这自然灾害频发的十年与邓绥以女性身份临朝代政联系起来，认为自然灾害是邓绥女主朝政引发了上天的不满。面对百姓悲惨的生活处境和朝臣的质疑，邓绥采取了一系列措施救济灾民，安抚民心。永初二年（108），御史中丞樊准因为郡国连年水旱，民多饥困，上疏请求朝廷派遣使者持节慰问受灾民众，这一建议被邓绥采纳，与此同时，邓绥还将公田赐予贫民耕种，并在受灾严重的地区开仓赈济灾民，使流民得以休养生息；永初三年（109），京师饥荒，邓绥下诏将上林苑和广成苑两处皇家宫苑中可以开辟为耕地的地方赐予贫民耕种；永初四年（110），下诏免除三辅地区三年赋税。从延平元年（106）起，邓绥每年都派遣使者到受灾严重的地方开仓放粮赈济灾民，（每岁遣使者开仓廪，赈饥民）每每听到各地汇报的灾情，邓绥“或达旦不寐，而躬自减彻，以救灾厄”（每当听说百姓挨饿，太后有时彻夜难眠，并亲自减少自己的衣食用度，用来赈救灾荒）。元初二年（115），为了安定灾民和防范自然灾害的再次发生，邓绥下令修建各处沟渠：


“修理西门豹所分漳水为支渠，以溉民田”


“诏三辅、河内、河东、上党、赵国、太原各修理旧渠，通利水道，以溉公私田畴。”



受这一时期自然灾害的影响，周边的匈奴、鲜卑、乌桓、羌等部族也开始侵扰汉朝。永初元年（107），邓绥诏令兄长车骑将军邓骘（zhì）、征西校尉任尚率领五营及诸郡兵五万人，屯于汉阳以备羌人作乱。永初二年（108），钟羌击败邓骘的军队，邓绥派梁慬率军还击，梁慬在张掖“破诸羌万馀人，其能脱者十二三”，之后进至姑臧，羌人投降被遣还故地。永初三年（109），南匈奴将中郎将耿种包围在美稷。乌桓和鲜卑联络南匈奴进犯五原郡，与太守战于九原高渠谷，“汉兵大败，杀郡长吏”。情势危急之时，邓绥派遣车骑将军何熙、度辽将军梁慬等击退南匈奴，“大破之”。永初四年（110），在击败南匈奴后，乌桓投降，重新归附汉朝，鲜卑逃至塞外。元初六年（119），鲜卑再次“入马城塞，杀长吏”，邓绥派堂弟度辽将军邓遵出塞追击鲜卑，再次“大破之，获生口及牛、羊、财物甚众”。永宁元年（120），辽西鲜卑向邓遵投降，并上交贡奉。在平定周围部族叛乱后，同年，邓绥采纳班超之子班勇的建议，恢复敦煌郡守兵300人，设立西域副校尉居敦煌，恢复了东汉对西域的羁縻统治。



永宁二年（121），邓绥去世，谥号“和熹皇后”。邓绥主政期间，正值东汉内有自然灾害，外有敌寇侵扰的期间，她救济灾民，抵御外敌，最终使得东汉王朝得以延续，元初五年（118），平望侯刘毅上书汉安帝，认为邓绥有“兴灭国，继绝世，录功臣，复宗室”的功绩。



邓绥主政时期的女性政治温情


邓绥临朝时期颁布的一些诏令，更体现了一位女性主政所独有的政治温情。汉和帝驾崩后，按照惯例，后宫嫔妃需要迁去园陵居住，邓绥与后宫众人的关系和睦，不忍她们离去，便下诏赐予她们王青盖车（东汉皇太子、皇子所乘之车）、王赤绶，提高她们的待遇，以表抚慰之情。她在诏书中说：


“朕与贵人托配后庭，共欢等列，十有余年。不获福祐，先帝早弃天下，孤心茕茕，靡所瞻仰，夙夜永怀，感怆发中。今当以旧典分归外园，惨结增叹，燕燕之诗，曷能喻焉？”（我和你们一同托身于后宫，平等相处，共享欢乐，已有十多年。未能获得上天福佑，先帝早早离世，留下我内心孤独无依，失去了仰望的依靠，日夜思念，感伤之情发自内心。如今按旧制你们将分别迁居园陵，我心中悲戚，叹息不已，那份《燕燕》的离情别绪，又怎能表达我此刻的心情呢？）



《燕燕》是指《诗经》中的《邶风·燕燕》，是中国诗史上较早的送别之作，邓绥借这首诗来表达对后宫众人离别的不舍之情。她还下令核实“诸园贵人，其宫人有宗室同族若羸老不任使者”让她们自行决定去留，不必老死园陵之中。


元初六年（119），邓绥下诏“征和帝弟济北、河间王子男女年五岁以上四十余人，又邓氏近亲子孙三十余人”，为他们开辟邸第，教学经书，还亲自监试。邓绥设立的这所男女同校的贵族外戚小学，是中国历史上明文记载的男女同校、同学的最早官办贵族学校，有学者认为，邓绥将贵族女子纳入授学范围，“有怜惜贵族女性不识文化之情”。



邓绥死后，一代女君临朝的时代也随之落幕。有人因为她在汉安帝成年后未还政于汉安帝而指责其“贪权不释”；也有人肯定她挽救东汉政局的功绩，称“和熹盛东汉”。邓绥的执政经历也激励一些女性以她为榜样，武则天“总禁闱之政，藉轩台之威，属皇室中圮之期，蹑和熹从权之制”；宋朝刘娥临朝称“如马邓流芳册书，此吾之志也”。


或许，邓绥的是非功过，也像武则天留下的无字碑一样，任后人评说。


参考文献：

1、《后汉书》，北京：中华书局，2000年

2、《资治通鉴》，北京：中华书局，2011年

3、蔡锋：《对古代皇宫贵族女性文化教育的考察》，《妇女研究论丛》2004年第3期，第48-52页


*本文系“国家人文历史”独家稿件，欢迎读者转发朋友圈。


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作者 | 文青
编辑 | 胡心雅 
 主编 | 周斌
排版 | 刘是琪（实习）
校对 | 火炬
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", @@ -1471,28 +1471,6 @@ "hash": "016bc38cf5137078bf23b1a4d11427e3", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "打仗缺钱怎么办？宋朝皇帝：快让仪仗队的大象出去卖艺！", - "description": "


本 文 约 3500字
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我们读范仲淹“浊酒一杯家万里，燕然未勒归无计”，感受其戍边艰辛；看《杨家将》浴血抗辽、狄青征讨西夏，知其惨烈。但支撑前线“金戈铁马”的巨额军费从何而来？答案之一，竟藏在北宋皇家养象所的“门票”里！



当市民花几个铜板，争相围观东南亚进贡的珍稀大象表演跪拜、吼叫、驮人时，门票收入正涓涓流入国库。这些本该只在皇家典礼上露脸的“祥瑞”，被逼转型“卖艺”，成了特殊的“筹款大使”。


一边是边疆烽火与财政重压，一边是皇家动物园里的萌兽“营业”，北宋朝廷在困局中展现的务实与灵活，尽显于此。



仪仗以外的“副业”

御象的商业化表演


北宋皇家仪仗队中，来自东南亚的巨象可以说是皇家威严的象征。这些由占城、真腊等东南亚国家进贡的“祥瑞”大象，专司重大典礼仪仗。在宋朝隆重的典礼——南郊祭天大礼上，驯象的地位十分突出，戏分较重。在北宋熙宁六年（1073）的郊祀之前，宋神宗专门诏颁《南郊教象仪制》：


“所用转光旗十五，铜沙罗一，鼓十，乘骑人七，簇引旗鼓人三十一。排引日，选驯象六，在六引之前，行中道，分左右，各备鞍、莲花座、紫罗绣鞔、蕉盘、钤铎、杏叶络头。一人骑，四人簇引，并花脚乌巾、乘徘绝青樱桃锦络缝四衣，涂金双鹿带。一内侍押象，绣衣执挝。”


仪仗中有六象，另备用一象，称“副象”。围绕六象的有旗帜、锣鼓器乐，每象一人骑乘，四人在前引导，另有宦官一人穿绣衣执兵械担任主管。辽宁博物馆藏“北宋卤簿钟”上，即有驯象仪仗的图像。这意味着，作为仪仗的驯象队伍，本身还有一套仪仗，其中仅人员至少就有三十九人。而且单独制定、皇帝亲自颁布《南郊教象仪制》，其在典礼中的作用之大、地位之高可想而知。类似情况为后代继承，一直延续到清朝。



但御象在担任皇家仪仗队的职责以外，其实也进行专门的娱乐表演，甚至收取相应的门票收入。北宋熙宁五年（1072）十月七日，一位名叫成寻的日本僧人，路过应天府养象所时，观看驯象表演，载入日记：


到象厩。一屋有三头象，东一屋有四头象。先见三头象，有饲象人教象，有外国僧等来见，可拜。第一象屈后二足，垂头拜踞。次教可称诺由，即出气、出声。高一丈二尺许，长一丈六尺许，鼻长六尺许，牙长七尺，曲向上，以鼻卷取刍食之。象师与钱五十文了。望第二象所，象师又乞钱，五文与了。拜诺同前，高一丈，长一丈三尺，有牙。次至第三象所，高长同第一象，拜诺同前，与钱同前。三象皆男象也。至四头屋，第一象高长同前，第一象拜诺、与钱同前，女象也。有左牙，一尺五寸许，右无牙。第二象无女象牙，拜诺、与钱如前。第三象，牡象也。高一丈三尺，长一丈七尺许，屈四足拜诺，声极高，人人大惊，三声出之，与钱同前。第四象，牡象也。与钱五文。后象师从牙登顶上，举牙，令登人，是希有事也。高一丈四尺许，长一丈八尺许，屈后二足，拜诺同前。皆黑象也。后二足付绳系也。


这七头驯象，日常为游客表演跪拜、唱喏、象牙载人等节目，均为有偿演出。成寻一行总共付费七次，大概是入场费五十文，每表演一次再交五文，凡六次三十文，共八十文钱。朝廷养象所显然又是皇家动物园和马戏团，毕竟充当仪仗的时间有限，有条件在大部分业余时间内通过表演赚钱。而且，这些大象是按照性别分屋饲养，例如“三头屋”为雄象、“四头屋”含雌象，可以看出宋人对大象的科学管理。


这种让尊贵的皇家仪仗象“屈尊”卖艺的做法，背后是北宋王朝沉重的财政包袱——“三冗”（冗兵、冗官、冗费）。庞大的军费、高昂的官俸、沉重的岁币，让国库常年吃紧。同时，传统的田赋、专卖收入捉襟见肘，朝廷必须绞尽脑汁开源。



这种将皇家象征转化为商业资源的做法，可以说是北宋朝廷在财政压力下的一种尝试。随着疆域收缩和战事频发，传统的赋税收入难以填补军费窟窿，统治者不得不将目光投向皇家资产的“闲置价值”。养象所的日常开销本就由国库承担，而让大象在非仪仗时段进行表演，既能增加收入以补贴财政，又能让这些珍稀动物发挥额外作用，可谓一举两得。这种“以象创收”的模式，在当时或许面临着一些关于皇家体面的争议，但从实际效果来看，确为朝廷开辟了一条新的财源，也让普通市民有机会近距离接触到原本遥不可及的皇家“祥瑞”，在一定程度上拉近了皇家与民间的距离。而这种务实的经济思维，也为后来南宋时期皇家园林等资源的商业化利用提供了早期的借鉴。


动物园创收

玉津园与公共开放的财政潜力


宋人，除了可以在应天府养象所看到贡象的娱乐表演外，还可以在“动物园”定期参观它们以及其他奇珍异兽。以东京玉津园为例，作为著名的动物园，东京玉津园饲养着犀牛、孔雀、驯象等动物。据《玉海》载：


“（北宋）乾德五年八月，有象自岭南来，至都城外获之。其后吴越、广南、交州继献驯象四十五头，于南熏门外玉津园东北置养象所，作驯象旗。”


乾德五年（967），一头野生象从岭南北迁至北宋都城开封，被官方捕获。吴越、广南、交州等南方政权为示臣服，接连进贡45头驯象，显示北宋对南方的政治影响力。朝廷在南薰门外的玉津园东北处设立了养象所，并创制了用于仪仗的旗帜“驯象旗”。



北宋大中祥符五年（1012），宋真宗正式下诏：


“诏诸国狮子、驯象、奇兽列于外苑，谕群臣就苑中游宴。”


玉津园就变成了汇集诸国狮子、大象、灵犀等海外奇兽的皇家宠物乐园。而且每年三四月份，玉津园还对所有人开放，洪迈《夷坚志》写道：


“大观中，宿州士人钱君兄弟游上庠。方春月，待试，因休暇出游玉津园。”


钱君兄弟还在待试，暂无功名在身，此时应当是一般的市民身份，可见宋代平民也可以到玉津园内观赏这些奇珍异兽，这些大象、狮子就成了大宋百姓也可以参观的“宠物”，与此同时，玉津园也从皇家兽苑转向公共空间。


如果只是说到饲养各种奇珍动物的皇家园林，实际上可以追溯到商朝，商纣建造的沙丘苑台、周文王修建的灵囿等园林。但是，宋代“玉津园”有别于前者的一点，则是前面提到的，它在每年三四月份会对所有人开放，其中体现的“公共性”与我们现在所提到的“动物园”更有相似之处，在某种意义上，宋代“玉津园”已经具备现代动物园的雏形。



其实，包括“玉津园”在内的宋代园林，无论是皇家园林还是私人园林，都有对市民开放的传统，这使得宋代园林从某种程度上成了宋代市民的“公园”。每年三月，春暖花开时节，各个私家园林打开院门迎接往来市民游玩，史料记载，司马光的独乐园是时人春游必到之处，看园的园丁曾将收得门票钱数千交予司马光，司马光坚辞不受。除了私家园林，每年皇家园林也会开园供市民游玩，如金明池、琼林苑、玉津园等。据《东京梦华录》卷七记载：


“三月一日，州西顺天门外开金明池、球林苑，每日教习车驾上池仪范，虽禁从，士庶许纵赏，御史台有榜不得弹劾。”



虽然史料中未明确记载玉津园收取门票的具体数额，但从私家园林如独乐园园丁能收得数千门票钱来看，皇家园林凭借其珍稀的动物资源和独特的皇家背景，在开放期间所产生的经济效益应该不容小觑。市民入园观赏奇珍异兽，除了可能直接支付的“入园费”，园内或许还存在售卖饮食、玩具等周边商品的摊位，这些收入也能为朝廷带来额外的财政补充。例如南宋临安预演象仪时：


“又命象院教前导朱旗，以二金三鼓为节，各有幞头紫衣蛮奴乘之，手执短钁，旋转跪起，悉如人意。” ——《武林旧事》


“御街观者如堵。市井扑卖土木粉捏妆彩小象儿，并纸画者，外郡人市去，为土宜遗送。” ——《梦粱录》


两地的商人们利用这个商机，开发销售彩塑小象或驯象图画，作为都城的特产被外地游客买走，当作礼品馈送亲友。


这种将皇家禁地适度向公众开放并从中获取收益的方式，打破了以往皇家资源的封闭性，属于北宋朝廷有别于前朝的一种创新尝试。这种做法与御象的商业化表演一脉相承，都是在财政重压下，对皇家资源进行商业化开发的具体体现，共同构成了北宋朝廷独特的“经济智慧”。



参考资料：

《宋史》

《宋会要辑稿》

袁一堂：《论北宋中期的财政危机》，《史学月刊》，1990年第3期。

菅明军：《北宋中期的财政危机及其振兴之道》，《中州今古》，1994年第1期。

王德利：《宋代的玉津园》，《黄河科技大学学报》，2012年第5期。

王风扬：《宋人动物饲养与休闲生活》，华东师范大学硕士学位论文，2014年4月25日。

程民生：《宋代大象的自然与社会生态》，《中原文化研究》，2021年5月14日。


*本文系“国家人文历史”独家稿件，欢迎读者转发朋友圈。


END
作者 | 易北
编辑 | 胡心雅
 主编 | 周斌
排版 | 徐沁（实习）
校对 | 张斌
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我们读范仲淹“浊酒一杯家万里，燕然未勒归无计”，感受其戍边艰辛；看《杨家将》浴血抗辽、狄青征讨西夏，知其惨烈。但支撑前线“金戈铁马”的巨额军费从何而来？答案之一，竟藏在北宋皇家养象所的“门票”里！



当市民花几个铜板，争相围观东南亚进贡的珍稀大象表演跪拜、吼叫、驮人时，门票收入正涓涓流入国库。这些本该只在皇家典礼上露脸的“祥瑞”，被逼转型“卖艺”，成了特殊的“筹款大使”。


一边是边疆烽火与财政重压，一边是皇家动物园里的萌兽“营业”，北宋朝廷在困局中展现的务实与灵活，尽显于此。



仪仗以外的“副业”

御象的商业化表演


北宋皇家仪仗队中，来自东南亚的巨象可以说是皇家威严的象征。这些由占城、真腊等东南亚国家进贡的“祥瑞”大象，专司重大典礼仪仗。在宋朝隆重的典礼——南郊祭天大礼上，驯象的地位十分突出，戏分较重。在北宋熙宁六年（1073）的郊祀之前，宋神宗专门诏颁《南郊教象仪制》：


“所用转光旗十五，铜沙罗一，鼓十，乘骑人七，簇引旗鼓人三十一。排引日，选驯象六，在六引之前，行中道，分左右，各备鞍、莲花座、紫罗绣鞔、蕉盘、钤铎、杏叶络头。一人骑，四人簇引，并花脚乌巾、乘徘绝青樱桃锦络缝四衣，涂金双鹿带。一内侍押象，绣衣执挝。”


仪仗中有六象，另备用一象，称“副象”。围绕六象的有旗帜、锣鼓器乐，每象一人骑乘，四人在前引导，另有宦官一人穿绣衣执兵械担任主管。辽宁博物馆藏“北宋卤簿钟”上，即有驯象仪仗的图像。这意味着，作为仪仗的驯象队伍，本身还有一套仪仗，其中仅人员至少就有三十九人。而且单独制定、皇帝亲自颁布《南郊教象仪制》，其在典礼中的作用之大、地位之高可想而知。类似情况为后代继承，一直延续到清朝。



但御象在担任皇家仪仗队的职责以外，其实也进行专门的娱乐表演，甚至收取相应的门票收入。北宋熙宁五年（1072）十月七日，一位名叫成寻的日本僧人，路过应天府养象所时，观看驯象表演，载入日记：


到象厩。一屋有三头象，东一屋有四头象。先见三头象，有饲象人教象，有外国僧等来见，可拜。第一象屈后二足，垂头拜踞。次教可称诺由，即出气、出声。高一丈二尺许，长一丈六尺许，鼻长六尺许，牙长七尺，曲向上，以鼻卷取刍食之。象师与钱五十文了。望第二象所，象师又乞钱，五文与了。拜诺同前，高一丈，长一丈三尺，有牙。次至第三象所，高长同第一象，拜诺同前，与钱同前。三象皆男象也。至四头屋，第一象高长同前，第一象拜诺、与钱同前，女象也。有左牙，一尺五寸许，右无牙。第二象无女象牙，拜诺、与钱如前。第三象，牡象也。高一丈三尺，长一丈七尺许，屈四足拜诺，声极高，人人大惊，三声出之，与钱同前。第四象，牡象也。与钱五文。后象师从牙登顶上，举牙，令登人，是希有事也。高一丈四尺许，长一丈八尺许，屈后二足，拜诺同前。皆黑象也。后二足付绳系也。


这七头驯象，日常为游客表演跪拜、唱喏、象牙载人等节目，均为有偿演出。成寻一行总共付费七次，大概是入场费五十文，每表演一次再交五文，凡六次三十文，共八十文钱。朝廷养象所显然又是皇家动物园和马戏团，毕竟充当仪仗的时间有限，有条件在大部分业余时间内通过表演赚钱。而且，这些大象是按照性别分屋饲养，例如“三头屋”为雄象、“四头屋”含雌象，可以看出宋人对大象的科学管理。


这种让尊贵的皇家仪仗象“屈尊”卖艺的做法，背后是北宋王朝沉重的财政包袱——“三冗”（冗兵、冗官、冗费）。庞大的军费、高昂的官俸、沉重的岁币，让国库常年吃紧。同时，传统的田赋、专卖收入捉襟见肘，朝廷必须绞尽脑汁开源。



这种将皇家象征转化为商业资源的做法，可以说是北宋朝廷在财政压力下的一种尝试。随着疆域收缩和战事频发，传统的赋税收入难以填补军费窟窿，统治者不得不将目光投向皇家资产的“闲置价值”。养象所的日常开销本就由国库承担，而让大象在非仪仗时段进行表演，既能增加收入以补贴财政，又能让这些珍稀动物发挥额外作用，可谓一举两得。这种“以象创收”的模式，在当时或许面临着一些关于皇家体面的争议，但从实际效果来看，确为朝廷开辟了一条新的财源，也让普通市民有机会近距离接触到原本遥不可及的皇家“祥瑞”，在一定程度上拉近了皇家与民间的距离。而这种务实的经济思维，也为后来南宋时期皇家园林等资源的商业化利用提供了早期的借鉴。


动物园创收

玉津园与公共开放的财政潜力


宋人，除了可以在应天府养象所看到贡象的娱乐表演外，还可以在“动物园”定期参观它们以及其他奇珍异兽。以东京玉津园为例，作为著名的动物园，东京玉津园饲养着犀牛、孔雀、驯象等动物。据《玉海》载：


“（北宋）乾德五年八月，有象自岭南来，至都城外获之。其后吴越、广南、交州继献驯象四十五头，于南熏门外玉津园东北置养象所，作驯象旗。”


乾德五年（967），一头野生象从岭南北迁至北宋都城开封，被官方捕获。吴越、广南、交州等南方政权为示臣服，接连进贡45头驯象，显示北宋对南方的政治影响力。朝廷在南薰门外的玉津园东北处设立了养象所，并创制了用于仪仗的旗帜“驯象旗”。



北宋大中祥符五年（1012），宋真宗正式下诏：


“诏诸国狮子、驯象、奇兽列于外苑，谕群臣就苑中游宴。”


玉津园就变成了汇集诸国狮子、大象、灵犀等海外奇兽的皇家宠物乐园。而且每年三四月份，玉津园还对所有人开放，洪迈《夷坚志》写道：


“大观中，宿州士人钱君兄弟游上庠。方春月，待试，因休暇出游玉津园。”


钱君兄弟还在待试，暂无功名在身，此时应当是一般的市民身份，可见宋代平民也可以到玉津园内观赏这些奇珍异兽，这些大象、狮子就成了大宋百姓也可以参观的“宠物”，与此同时，玉津园也从皇家兽苑转向公共空间。


如果只是说到饲养各种奇珍动物的皇家园林，实际上可以追溯到商朝，商纣建造的沙丘苑台、周文王修建的灵囿等园林。但是，宋代“玉津园”有别于前者的一点，则是前面提到的，它在每年三四月份会对所有人开放，其中体现的“公共性”与我们现在所提到的“动物园”更有相似之处，在某种意义上，宋代“玉津园”已经具备现代动物园的雏形。



其实，包括“玉津园”在内的宋代园林，无论是皇家园林还是私人园林，都有对市民开放的传统，这使得宋代园林从某种程度上成了宋代市民的“公园”。每年三月，春暖花开时节，各个私家园林打开院门迎接往来市民游玩，史料记载，司马光的独乐园是时人春游必到之处，看园的园丁曾将收得门票钱数千交予司马光，司马光坚辞不受。除了私家园林，每年皇家园林也会开园供市民游玩，如金明池、琼林苑、玉津园等。据《东京梦华录》卷七记载：


“三月一日，州西顺天门外开金明池、球林苑，每日教习车驾上池仪范，虽禁从，士庶许纵赏，御史台有榜不得弹劾。”



虽然史料中未明确记载玉津园收取门票的具体数额，但从私家园林如独乐园园丁能收得数千门票钱来看，皇家园林凭借其珍稀的动物资源和独特的皇家背景，在开放期间所产生的经济效益应该不容小觑。市民入园观赏奇珍异兽，除了可能直接支付的“入园费”，园内或许还存在售卖饮食、玩具等周边商品的摊位，这些收入也能为朝廷带来额外的财政补充。例如南宋临安预演象仪时：


“又命象院教前导朱旗，以二金三鼓为节，各有幞头紫衣蛮奴乘之，手执短钁，旋转跪起，悉如人意。” ——《武林旧事》


“御街观者如堵。市井扑卖土木粉捏妆彩小象儿，并纸画者，外郡人市去，为土宜遗送。” ——《梦粱录》


两地的商人们利用这个商机，开发销售彩塑小象或驯象图画，作为都城的特产被外地游客买走，当作礼品馈送亲友。


这种将皇家禁地适度向公众开放并从中获取收益的方式，打破了以往皇家资源的封闭性，属于北宋朝廷有别于前朝的一种创新尝试。这种做法与御象的商业化表演一脉相承，都是在财政重压下，对皇家资源进行商业化开发的具体体现，共同构成了北宋朝廷独特的“经济智慧”。



参考资料：

《宋史》

《宋会要辑稿》

袁一堂：《论北宋中期的财政危机》，《史学月刊》，1990年第3期。

菅明军：《北宋中期的财政危机及其振兴之道》，《中州今古》，1994年第1期。

王德利：《宋代的玉津园》，《黄河科技大学学报》，2012年第5期。

王风扬：《宋人动物饲养与休闲生活》，华东师范大学硕士学位论文，2014年4月25日。

程民生：《宋代大象的自然与社会生态》，《中原文化研究》，2021年5月14日。


*本文系“国家人文历史”独家稿件，欢迎读者转发朋友圈。


END
作者 | 易北
编辑 | 胡心雅
 主编 | 周斌
排版 | 徐沁（实习）
校对 | 张斌
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“在看”的永远18岁~

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\n\n \n 文章原文\n
\n \n\n \n\n \"\"
", - "category": "", - "link": "http://weixin.sogou.com/weixin?type=2&query=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2+%E6%89%93%E4%BB%97%E7%BC%BA%E9%92%B1%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%8A%9E%EF%BC%9F%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%EF%BC%9A%E5%BF%AB%E8%AE%A9%E4%BB%AA%E4%BB%97%E9%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E8%B1%A1%E5%87%BA%E5%8E%BB%E5%8D%96%E8%89%BA%EF%BC%81", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 14:12:00 +0800", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "人文", - "feed": "国家人文历史", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "1c4a85c043bf00ccdf367f41b683bd78", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "历史上还有哪些称得上「魅魔」的人物？", "description": "
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哦，那必然是

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康熙他八儿子·雍正他八弟·八阿哥·贤得是时候·廉亲王·胤禩。

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根据不完全统计，他前前后后魅惑过的人有：

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一、亲兄弟若干1.大阿哥胤褆

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大阿哥是个能从传教士骂到亲伯父的无敌超雄，脑子不好使但极其暴躁。

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——然而老八却能跟他关系还可以。

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允禔在诸兄弟中与允禩关系较好，或许因为允禩曾被交给允禔的生母惠妃抚养过一段时间，且是康熙诸子中少见的外表柔善、谦逊之人，肯于在允禔面前做小伏低，能够和刚猛傲慢的长兄和睦。
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大阿哥这个人，他：

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幻想跟传教士 SM，把传教士吓晕：

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杜德美神父与皇子在一起时，（大）皇子对他说：“把刘应神父叫来，用鞭子好好教训他一顿，然后把他流放到鞑靼荒野去，这主意不错吧？”
when Fr. Jartoux was with the Prince, the Prince said to him: “Wouldn’t it be a good idea to summon Fr. Visdelou here, punish him with a beating, and consign him to the wilds of Tartary?”
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跟着亲伯父上战场，把亲伯父气晕：

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允禔首次出战准噶尔，身份是副将军，当时的三军主帅是他的亲伯父裕亲王福全。……可惜，允禔此行，不但未见结交什么可靠之人为生死袍泽，反而和秉性忠厚老实的伯父闹了很大矛盾：
康熙二十九年七月出兵，不到一个月，就和裕亲王“不相和谐，妄生事端”，并且“私行陈奏”，就是背地里向父皇告伯父的黑状。幸而康熙帝行事公正，并不偏信儿子，得知情况后，不顾自己丢脸，将允禔强行撤回北京，事后又百般弥合，才避免伯侄二人的矛盾完全公开化。
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跟亲妈的关系，也有点微妙：

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康熙就曾评价大阿哥胤禔“气质暴戾”，而大阿哥的母亲惠妃也曾向康熙哭诉，奏其“不孝，请置之于法”。
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结果他被爸爸痛骂不能当太子后，小伙顶着这么多不爽，大喝一声：

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我当不了那就让老八当啊！

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一废太子之后，本来在诸皇子中处于有利地位的允禔，把自己的愚昧粗狂表现得淋漓尽致。这不能不让人想起满洲政权尚在关外时的那些场景：皇太极去世后，合法性最强的皇子豪格与实力最强的皇弟多尔衮争夺大位，多尔衮假意推托谦让，母弟多铎却看着着急，当众断喝：你不当我当！允禔这一手“我当不了让老八当”，和多铎真有异曲同工之粗豪，关外遗风毕见。
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2.七阿哥胤祐

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到了雍正初年，胤禩还能哄得他七哥帮他打报告哩。

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给雍正气完了，说：

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“现在廉亲王处处学我！但凡有什么事能占便宜、钻空子，他就必然唆使允祐、允禟、允禵提出来，从中捞取好处，自己则充好人！比如允祐[1]，他都是什么时候分府的老户了，还要照此找补，这是什么体统？”

\n
兹廉王凡事必仿于朕，以朕为齐，凡有便宜事或稍许疏漏之事，必唆使淳王、贝子允禟、允禵提出，以捞取之，伊自己权充好人。虽为清廉王[1]，但系何时分府的老户，亦要照此找补，成何体统？
\n

哦，八阿哥可太魅魔……哦不对，太坏了！

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3.九阿哥胤禟

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同生共死的阿其那与塞思黑，关系自不必说。

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在胤禟的管家秦道然眼里，八阿哥简直就像是当着管账正宫的面操控杀猪盘骗钱的绿茶捞男。

\n
再八爷说自己穷，要九爷吩咐满丕帮盘缠，满丕应了，送了一万两，这是八爷的巧取处。
允禩也晓得允禟是庸才，其所以与他厚结的缘故，不过为他肯替允禩使钱，要借他钱财，收拾些人心，允禩每访得九流术士中有些异样的，便令心腹人招至家中，藏之密室，到打发出去的时节，便叫允禟送他银子，或一百两或二百两不等。这种人也多得紧，我时常听见送银子到允禩家里去的人向我说，所以我得知道。至于给的是什么人，我实不曾知道。
\n

我老公的钱啊！怎么给了你这种人！

\n
\"\"
这都是我老公辛辛苦苦赚来的啊！！！
\n

到现在知乎里还有胤禟是不是被胤禩 PUA 了的问题。

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嗯，秦道然一定很想答。

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4.十阿哥胤䄉

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十阿哥的生母钮祜禄氏，是辅政大臣遏必隆之女、康熙帝继后孝昭仁皇后的亲妹妹。

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在康熙的众多皇子中，从生母地位上看，十阿哥仅次于太子，居于第二；

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而从外戚门第、势力上看，恐怕还要比太子更高一些。

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然而这样一个高贵的（？）阿哥，照样像个甜狗一样围着八哥转，被八哥蛊得晕头转向。

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还说什么：八阿哥，你是我们的主子，你可要多多照顾我们啊！

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我与塞思黑、允禵同向阿其那云：尔乃我等之主，后日须怜㸔我等。阿其那闭一目而笑。
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5.十四阿哥胤祯

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十四阿哥胤祯，跟雍正同个妈，是雍正铁打的同母亲弟弟。

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他从康熙四十七年开始，就像条甜狗一样跟着他八哥，观之十分震撼。

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在康熙锁拿允禩的时候，胤祯积极为胤禩辩护。

\n

老父亲气得要死，拔刀而出，差点将亲儿子当场手刃。

\n
康熙四十七年。九月。
壬寅。上召诸皇子入乾清宫。谕曰当废允礽之时。朕已有上□日诸阿哥中如有钻营谋为皇太子者即国之贼。法断不容。废皇太子后。允禔曾奏称允禩好。春秋之义人臣无将将则必诛。大宝岂人可妄行窥伺者耶。允禩柔奸性成、妄蓄大志朕素所深知。其党羽早相要结谋害允礽。今其事皆已败露。著将允禩锁拏交与议政处审理。皇九子允禟语皇十四子允禵云，尔我此时不言何待。允禵奏云：八阿哥无此心，臣等愿保之。上震怒。出所佩刀欲诛允禵。皇五子允祺跪抱劝止。诸皇子叩首恳求。上怒少解。命诸皇子挞允禵。将允禟、允禵逐出。　
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可怜的胤祯被兄弟们打了二十大板，被老爹轰出宫去，他依旧不改。

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甚至自负枷锁、身怀毒药，要是有什么不测，就要和八哥一块去死。

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被轰出宫去之后，允禵还不罢休，准备相约众皇子一起为允禩保奏。他还让人准备了一副枷锁，跟在被锁起来的允禩身后，以示共患难之意；甚至随身携带毒药，直到允禩被释放之日，才当众取出扔掉。
\n

康熙都服了，直接把他踢出宫去分府，本来皇子分配府邸会有的头一年支给食物待遇都不好。

\n
康熙朝惯例，阿哥分府的第一年由宫里支给食物，第二年开始靠自己。十四分府时父子关系紧张，待遇就不太好，后来出兵时关系逆转，颇受关爱，就主动要求支食物。
\n

他反倒自豪起来了，把自己拿命来保八阿哥这件事到处跟兄弟们说。

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胤禩也乐呵呵地答：多亏我的几个弟弟了。

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因有令阿其那相面之事，为圣祖皇帝治罪。时允禵将舍命完结之事，常常告诉臣等。阿其那亦曾告诉：当获罪时，因诸弟之帮助而受益。
\n

别的兄弟来看望他，要是刚刚好胤禩在，就看见他对胤禩处处照顾，让别人直呼恶俗。

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臣去允禵府第，遇有阿奇那在时，允禵对阿奇那照样行动照管者，迂俗可厌，连跟随阿奇那之太监皆格外照管。
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康熙不给他随驾，他死活偏要去，还三番两次奏请，就是要跟着去。

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康熙服了，说：看你这要死要活的劲，哪是想跟着我啊，你就是想跟着你八哥。

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皇考駕幸熱河，特㫖命允禩不論班行走，衆阿哥分為三班行走，而允禵乃抵死欲去，屢次奏請，奉皇考諭㫖：觀爾抵死欲去之意，豈欲隨朕，亦不過欲隨八阿哥去耳。後輪至第三班，特㫖令其停止，乃仍不肯遵，畢竟隨去。
\n

不得不说康熙说得太对了，胤祯就是想跟着他八哥。

\n

下次换成八阿哥在京城，他被爸爸带出去，他立刻就又不走了。

\n
\"\"
到底是想跟着谁呢好难看出来啊。（那种语气）
\n
及值允禩母妃事出，於康熈五十三年夏月，留允禩在京，命帶允禵前去，而伊又設法留京，彼時允禩理宜勸止允禵，乃竟不行勸止，一任允禵屢次觸忤皇考。
\n

康熙发难胤禩的时候，他跟胤禩说“我们要死就一起死”。

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圣祖皇帝幸冬狩时，执阿其那之侍卫太监，将阿其那遣返时，允禵曾告诉臣言，允禵至阿其那处言称：我等死则一起死。等语。
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康熙不给别人去见胤禩，他偷偷去不说，还要帮别人打招呼，别人说要是被康熙听见了对谁都不好啊，他嘿嘿一笑说：是啊！

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奉圣祖皇帝谕旨：阿其那惑乱众心，意行甚奸，著逐出不令再见之。钦此。其后，允禵隐瞒圣祖皇帝，仍潜往阿其那处不断。允禵曾传话称，见阿其那时，问臣好。等语。时臣言：虽有亲临问好之意，但圣祖皇帝闻之，对谁都不好。等语。时允禵微笑言：是。
\n

八阿哥给他写了封信，央求他用手底下某人，他立马就对此人另眼相看了。

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那木札尔称，安王给老爷送一信，云云。我当即拆开来信，内开，吾已央求八阿哥曰：吾门下副都统宗札布，现在军营，请转求十四阿哥，若能照顾，请多关照。八阿哥已央求十四阿哥。云云。自我收到此信之后，观察其情，允禵已另眼看待我。
\n

四哥的圣旨他不跪，八阿哥出来只说他该跪，他一句话没说，扑通一声跪下了。

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阿其那见众人共议允禵之非。乃向允禵云，汝应下跪。便寂然无声而跪。不遵皇上谕旨。止重阿其那一言。结党背君，公然无忌。
\n

不仅如此，他俩还直接结为契友了。

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谈论不惜自己互相照顾为大义时，阿其那此辈已互相结为契友。
\n

《雍正王朝》里他俩塑料得要命，回看历史雍正帝自己给胤祯列的所谓十四项大罪，前三条每条都是几个大字：

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你 和 胤 禩 太 近 了

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1. 允禵性质狂悖。与阿其那尤相亲密。圣祖仁皇帝于二阿哥之案。将阿其那拏问时。召入众阿哥。谕以阿其那谋夺东宫之罪。现交议政究审。允禵与塞思黑、同向圣祖仁皇帝之前。允禵奏云、阿其那并无此心。若将阿其那问罪。我等愿与同罪。圣祖仁皇帝震怒。拔佩刀欲杀允禵。经允祺力劝稍解。将允禵重加责惩。与塞思黑一并逐出。众所共知者一也。
2. 康熙四十八年夏、圣祖仁皇帝避暑口外。恐伊等聚党生事。止令阿其那跟随行走。允禵敝帽故衣。坐小车。装作贩卖之人。私送出口。日则潜踪而随。夜则至阿其那帐房歇宿。密语通霄。踪迹诡异。众所共知者一也。
3. 圣祖仁皇帝知允禵昏愚狂妄。必生事端。因遣往军前。使不得朋匪为恶。而允禵与阿其那、塞思黑、密信往来。曾无间断。机计莫测。众所共知者一也。
\n

6.其实还有一个兄弟也堕其术中

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但我要卖个关子，暂按不表。

\n
\n

二、亲爹

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别看后面父子二人闹得那么僵，其实八儿子从小把亲爹蛊得不要不要的。

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在亲爹眼里，八阿哥从小开始，就对才艺展示颇有一些天赋。

\n
二十六年六月，康熙帝带领7 岁的允禩与其他几位较其稍长的皇子，来到皇太子允礽的书房，让他们分别在诸大臣前诵读经书。
允禩等人以次近前，各读数篇，童音朗朗，舒缓纯熟。康熙帝倍感欣慰，诸臣赞叹不已。
是年八月，允禩第一次随康熙帝巡幸塞外，在此次随扈皇子中年龄最小。
\n

他十二岁时，随着两位哥哥前往山东祭孔，这时又展现了相看马匹的天赋。

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康熙帝舍去较允禩年长的皇五子允祺和皇七子允祐，选派允禩随同两位皇兄前往，自有深意。允禩尚在少年，已具有骑术精湛，善于相马等特长。途中，凡由京城送至马匹，首先由允禩试骑，其后再定是否由允祉、胤禛等骑用。
\n

亲爹统兵亲征噶尔丹，八阿哥屁颠屁颠跟着出征。

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他们在鄂尔多斯围猎，因猎获野兔极多，康熙甚感惊奇，写信给皇太子，详细描述了打猎的情况。

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谕皇太子：十二日，驻跸宽托洛惠。本设双层围，兔雉丰盛，不可言状。朕四十多岁何处未行，未见如此兔丰。放围无分主仆，唯猎射，并无闲暇，朕殪一百三十八只，大阿哥殪五十九只，三阿哥殪五十五只，八阿哥殪五十只。裕亲王殪二十只，北围殪五只，为极少者。
……十三日驻跸。本两层围猎，雉少，兔与十二日同。自朕躬以下至猎人，前日殪兔力竭，手指皆肿而不能射，朕殪八十三只，大阿哥殪四十一只，三阿哥殪四十三只，八阿哥殪三十九只，打围人共殪一千四百四十二只。未计鄂尔多斯猎人所殪数额，……
十六日驻跸吉格苏泰。设双层围场，雉甚多，兔与前同。朕殪一百二十二只，大阿哥殪五十九只，三阿哥殪五十五只，八阿哥殪五十四只，裕亲王殪二十二只，围场之人殪一千二百十五只。未计蒙古人围猎之数。
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大阿哥、三阿哥都是骑射功夫极好的皇子。

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大阿哥才七岁，就能射中老虎。

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康熙十八年年底，玄烨在南苑行围，“纵虎出圈，命众驱逐，皇第五子保清（大阿哥乳名）亲射，中之”。保清即皇长子胤禔，当时也只有 7 周岁。这样年幼的孩子追射凶猛异常的老虎，尽管旁边有人保护，也要冒很大危险，足见玄烨在培养儿子方面，具有不同一般为父之人的胆魄。
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不同于刻板印象里的书呆子，三阿哥的骑射，甚至还要好过大阿哥。

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皇三子胤祉的弓箭和枪法，还要超过他的两位兄长，无论参加行围或较射，他往往是命中率最高的射手之一。据马国贤神甫回忆，玄烨晚年在热河时，喜欢在围猎之余，“观看他的满洲摔跤手们角斗，也常常命令他的孙子们及其他高级将领在他面前进行较射。有时，他甚至加入与他的第三个儿子(胤祉)比赛的行列，因为这个儿子的箭法几乎同他父亲一样好”。
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从胤禩所射兔的数量与大阿哥、三阿哥几乎相同可见，胤禩的骑射功夫也十分不错。

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而最使胤禩从诸位阿哥中脱颖而出，成为亲爹爱子的，则是他出类拔萃的管理能力。

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三十五年二月，康熙帝第一次亲征噶尔丹。15 岁的胤禩，在 6 位随征皇子中年龄最小。

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亲征期间，他跟随康熙帝身边，奉命管理火器营，并得到了父亲的“嘉美诗”。

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戎行亲莅制机宜，栉沐风霜总不辞，随侍晨昏依帐殿，焦劳情事尔应知。
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“你早晚都在我的营帐边随侍左右，

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我为国事的焦虑与辛劳，你应当最能理解呀。”

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是年九月份，康熙帝第二次亲征噶尔丹，从第一次随征的 6 位皇子中挑选 3 人带往。

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四阿哥、五阿哥、七阿哥落选，大阿哥、三阿哥和八阿哥再次随征。

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足以见得，胤禩的表现，给康熙留下了深刻印象。

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\"\"
我儿子真好。
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他受封贝勒，以及大阿哥、三阿哥受封郡王，都是因为三人在随驾亲征噶尔丹的表现，以及平时的印象，都非常不错。

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八阿哥受封贝勒的当年，经康熙帝指婚，娶安亲王岳乐的外孙女郭络罗氏为嫡福晋。

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郭络罗氏母家的背景，可谓非常深厚。她的外公安亲王岳乐，可谓是清朝顺治、康熙年间功勋卓著的名将。顺治帝一度想把皇位传给他，在平定三藩之乱的时候，他更是立下了汉马功劳。

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康熙择选具有如此母家背景之人为儿媳，惟有当他对该子印象甚佳时，方会为之。

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之后八阿哥惹爹生气，爹左忍右忍，终于忍不了了——

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于是把气全撒在了儿媳和她的舅舅们身上。

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允祀素受制于妻，其妻系安郡王岳乐之女所出，安郡王因谄媚辅政大臣，遂得亲王。其妃系索额图之妹，世祖皇帝时记名之女子。其子马尔浑、景熙、吴尔占等，俱系允祀妻之母舅，并不教训允祀之妻，任其嫉妒行恶，是以允祀迄今尚未生子。
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爹：都怪你们不管好我儿媳！

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八福晋：？

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个死老头把我当你们 play 的一环是吧？
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从此以后的十年，胤禩一直受到父皇的宠爱和倚重。

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单单这十年里，他拉过的重要磨就有：

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1.管理广善库，所得成就获得裕亲王的赞赏。

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康熙帝曾让允禩管理广善库。允禩借此机会广结人缘，充分施展才干。康熙帝与其兄裕亲王福全自幼感情笃深，后者逝于四十二年六月。“裕亲王病时，曾以广善库为因，力荐允禩有才有德。”福全的看法对康熙帝会产生一定影响。
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2.他和三阿哥一块审理索额图。

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康熙四十二年，太子党的头号人物索额图被拘禁，康熙皇帝在巡行途中手书密旨，派人连夜交给三阿哥允祉和八阿哥允禩，命他们二人秘密审理索额图，并抓捕其同党。这一年允禩只有二十二岁，能够接受这样重大的政治任务，足见康熙帝对他的信任。
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一废太子的时候，胤禩更是风光无两。

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3.他先是和胤禛一起，被留在京城代理政事——名字居然还在他的四哥前面。

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这在严格遵循长幼尊卑的古代，是意义极其特殊的。

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4.在允礽的乳公凌普被从内务府总管一职撤下后，胤禩不但承担了内务府总管的职责，甚至还负责了查抄凌普。

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康熙四十七年一废太子时，康熙帝命允禩、胤禛二人留京办事，其中允禩署理内务府总管，名字也罕见地被列在了兄长胤禛之前。
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毙鹰事件大家应该都多少有所耳闻。

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八阿哥不听话，给亲爹气完了，大骂：他竟敢还上奏说自己冤枉，他冤枉在哪里？！！！

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伊摺内奏称冤抑。试问伊所谓冤抑者何在。
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但大家估计不太知道：

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康熙还写过一封给家人的信，信中为允禩呈献毙鹰一事开脱。。

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亲爹：我知道他冤枉在哪里。

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姑息之爱大爆发 jpg
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三、妈妈们1.养母惠妃

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还是毙鹰事件，还是大家应该不太知道的是：

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毙鹰事件之后，惠妃为了八阿哥，甚至跟康熙大吵一架，吵到外省的督抚都有所耳闻，上奏询问。。

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比如他的养母惠妃，虽然别有亲子允禔，但显然对允禩的关爱更甚。允禔被囚禁时，惠妃“亦奏称其不孝，请置之于法”，无论是真心还是忍痛，毕竟做出了支持康熙帝决策的表态。到康熙五十三年，康熙帝因为“毙鹰事件”痛责允禩，父子之间几乎恩断义绝，而此时的惠妃，或为保护养子起见，与皇帝发生激烈争执，以致外省督抚都有所耳闻。
奴才服思，惠妃主子之事，圣主必是叹恨。然圣主已有年纪，若多烦闷，恐御体必受苦累。——云贵总督郭严奏折
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嗯，养母为了养子跟丈夫大吵一架的含金量……

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后来雍正继位，母妃都要出宫由儿子们赡养。惠妃乐呵呵地就跑到八阿哥家里住了。

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慧妃母妃、乃大阿哥之生母、允禩之慈母也。允禩少時、即為慧妃母妃所撫養。朕因大阿哥獲罪禁鋼。其諸子又少不知事。意欲奉養於允禩之邸。因遣人詢問慧妃母妃。慧妃母妃欣然允從。
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2.全体妈妈们

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在雍正看来，八阿哥甚至还把所有妈妈们都给蛊惑了！

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雍正想死都想不明白为啥自己登基三年母妃没一个来看自己，差人都没差过。

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想了想又把锅推给八阿哥。

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肯定是胤禩的问题！是胤禩让妈妈们都不来看我！

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都是魅魔的问题！

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彼时允祹、酌议诸位母妃移府之礼。允祹议奏内、有朕思念诸位母妃之时、即令入宫相见等语。朕以诸位母妃、岂有召入相见之礼。深责允祹之非。迄今三年以来、诸位母妃、未曾遣人至朕前一问起居。诸位母妃、深居府中、一切皆诸王主持。此必允禩从中阻挠。诸王亦遂观望不前耳。
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四、亲伯父&堂弟

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皇子们唯一的亲伯父，康熙唯一的哥哥，裕亲王福全，也深深受到他八侄子的蛊惑。

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前文提到，在这些侄子中，大阿哥和他这个亲伯父的关系尤为不好。太子胤礽与自己这位宽厚温和，谦虚自持的亲伯父，亦关系不佳。

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而本答中的大魅魔八阿哥，蛊得他力荐“有才有德”、“心性好，不务矜夸”。

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这一份支持，甚至还在一定程度上左右过康熙的决定。

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一废太子期间，玄烨谈到胤禩时说：“…… 乃若八阿哥之为人，诸臣奏称其贤，裕亲王存日亦曾奏言八阿哥心性好，不务矜夸。”有的学者指出，福全去世前，曾向玄烨揭发皇太子胤礽的种种劣迹，同时赞扬胤禩聪明能干，品行端正，建议玄烨立后者为储君。这次谈话后不久，胤礽的主要支持者索额图即被拘禁，看来玄烨已考虑皇兄的建言，认为胤禩 “是可以代替胤礽做皇太子的人选之一。”
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而他的儿子，继承了他的王爵的保泰，也从小与魅魔的关系最为亲昵友好。

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被康熙帝养在宫中、待如亲子的侄儿保泰就和八阿哥允禩关系最好。
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甚至到了雍正初年，保泰还在为了八阿哥和八阿哥的党羽跟雍正作对。

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雍正气完了，骂他小时候教保泰算术，保泰居然不感恩。

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况保泰幼年初在大内行走之时，皇考令朕教习经书算法，率领指示行走。保泰受朕思顾甚深。又伯母之事，伊全家俱赖朕成全。朕藩邸人皆知之也。朕于保泰，所施之恩，伊此生何可负哉？
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五、以妻族为首的一大堆宗室亲戚

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这帮宗室亲戚，对魅魔八阿哥堪称鞍前马后，死活都要跟着八阿哥。

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我啊，现在只想做八王子的狗，做八王子的狗真的是太好了……
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近亲有之前提到的那堆兄弟、亲爹、亲妈养妈其他妈、亲伯父裕亲王福全、亲堂哥裕亲王保泰和堂侄子广宁外，还有亲伯叔恭亲王常宁的后代镇国公满都护；

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魅魔他老婆是安亲王岳乐的亲孙女，从小被外公接到家里养，几个舅舅把她宠上天了，魅魔也沾了喜气，蛊惑得这帮子舅舅乐颠颠地给他当枪使，把复立的太子拉下马。

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五十年八月，托合齐举办党派宴会。过后不久，八福晋的舅舅景熙便乘机上奏，轻飘飘地指控托合齐在“安郡王丧期一周年已过、 二周年未满”的时候，均与官员宴饮，未依例为安郡王服丧, 有悖属人礼制。
托合齐只是在除服后, 于二十七个月丧期内宴饮, 不算什么重罪，更何况康熙一向比较宽厚，这样的罪名不会让托合齐受什么大苦的；但查下去却发现，这次会饮所参加的人大有问题。
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远一点的宗亲，什么八大铁帽子王之一简亲王雅尔江阿和他儿子镇国公永谦、褚英后代贝子苏努与镇国公阿布兰、奉恩辅国公灏善的后代汝福与佛保、贝子鲁宾等等，

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数都数不完的宗亲，都变成了魅魔的狗，魅魔拿牵引绳牵都牵不过来。

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六、传教士

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作为康熙颇为宠信的一小支外国团体，传教士特别喜欢吃瓜，而且经常吃到大瓜。

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在他们口中，八阿哥的画风是这样的：

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正如我所说，皇长子最怕的就是第八子，人们普遍认为他是上天赐给政府的礼物。
As I said, more than any other of his brothers the Prince fearedthe eighth-born son, by common consent a young man who was Heaven's gift to government.
根据皇帝陛下的指令，他向老亲王历数长长一串他的先辈所犯的罪过，他责备老亲王这一支脉的世世代代始终都暗地里和当政的这一支脉作对。当念到老亲王本身的过错时，……详细列举了他当上了旗帅以后所犯的好几个错误，其中有当年已故皇帝废黜皇太子，征求大臣们意见，以图另改选一位亲王时，老亲王投了八阿哥① 的票。
① 即已故皇帝的第八子。所有的大臣们不管是满族还是汉族都赞同他当皇太子，所以，如果说这是一个错误的话，那大家都犯了同一错误。—— 原注
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传教士：根据我们所得信息判断，所有人都忍不住对上天赐给清朝的礼物犯错了。

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七、朝鲜人

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作为明朝的藩属国，朝鲜阴暗地认为清朝就是得位不正。

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于是，在几乎整个康朝，朝鲜都在积极发掘你清药丸的证据：

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康熙坏啊！太坏了！你清药丸！

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\"\"
康熙天天打猎瞎玩，荒淫无道，你清药丸！
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康熙性情暴躁，你清药丸！
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康熙居然节俭，不可能，肯定是抠门，你清药丸！
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天啊康熙只懂满文，你清药丸！
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什么康熙居然会汉文，你清药丸！
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天啊太子这个德行，你清药丸！
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当然，朝鲜人不傻，知道康熙比较好，只是不肯承认。

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谁喜欢康熙我们孤立谁，因为你清药丸！
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直到雍正上位之后，他们对康熙的风评才好转回来：

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康熙好啊，太好啊，好极了啊！
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在这种情况下，朝鲜人（在康熙本朝）对胤禩的态度居然是：

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\"\"
皇子们都望之没有人形，但其中皇八子好像好那么一点，也不是说就很好啦，就是好一点。嗯。
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朝鲜人：对不起，我们也对上天赐给清朝的礼物犯错了。

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八、大臣1.康熙朝的大臣

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大臣们被魅魔蛊惑得命都不要了，就跟着皇上对着干。

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康熙朝一废太子的时候，所有人不顾康熙暗示，就是要立八阿哥。

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这样的结果，对在位近五十年，自以为对朝廷局面如臂使指的康熙皇帝会产生怎样的打击，读者自可想见。自己培植、任用的满朝文武，居然为了一个年轻、没有功绩、母家卑微的允禩而揣着明白装糊涂，不惜悖逆自己的圣意，这是多么令人恐惧而且不可思议的事啊！
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康熙急眼了，放弃了所有繁文缛节，就要复立废太子。

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于是就连康熙朝的重臣、老臣，康熙帝的母舅、岳父，“佟半朝”佟国维都因为小小一只魅魔，公然跟康熙开干：

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你一直以来做得很好，但把储君的废立当儿戏，是不是有点离大谱了？咱能不能说话算话？

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皇上办事精明，天下人无不知晓，断无错误之处。此事于圣躬关系甚大，若日后皇上易于措处，祈速赐睿断，或日后难于措处，亦祈速赐睿断，总之将原定主意熟虑施行为善。
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-

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清代校勘学“创始的人”何焯，康熙朝的时候供职于武英殿修书，被康熙指派为八阿哥的伴读。

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何焯这个人刚正耿直，光明磊落，原则强烈，脾气很火爆，一连跟自己的两任老师闹得都很不愉快。

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然而，面对魅魔的攻势，何焯立马堕其术中了，连女儿都送给魅魔一家抚养。

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先生回南路上平安，何日到家？我家内外人等俱好，女先生亦好。先生女儿在此极好，更不必挂怀。
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-

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康熙宠臣李光地，到了康熙朝末期，还在那里：几个王子里面，八阿哥最贤能呀~

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大学士李光地告假回闽，今又奉特旨带病进京，闻系为立储之事诏彼密议，奴才闻知惊心，特于彼处相探，彼云“目下诸王，八王最贤”等语。
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-

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康熙宠臣明珠的儿子揆叙，学问甚好，谨慎敦厚，康熙看着就喜欢，天天念叨，不幸过世得早，于是念叨得更多了，送他谥号“文端”。

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（揆叙）议论识鉴词藻压倒诸人， 朕昔知为满洲第一，今日汉人中亦推第一矣。
掌院下世再欲得如此（揆叙）一人，良不易得。
毕，上又曰： “翰林院学士甚属紧要，自揆叙没后，朕再四思维，并不得称此职之人。必须学问优长，善于钤束，不畏人之人，方好。”
上又曰： “揆叙学问甚好，为人甚是谨慎敦厚，殊属可惜。朕因伊年少，并未当面嘉奖，不特朕惜之，即诸人无有不惜之者。”
大学士马齐奏曰：“揆叙年少老成，不但学问好，九卿及议政之事亦甚好。伊记性远胜臣等，不惟皇上深惜，举朝满汉大臣官员俱为惜之。一闻其没，俱往吊唁。”
内阁学士常鼐奏曰： “揆叙所学不但超出满洲之中，即汉人中亦少。”
上曰：“然。诚为可惜。”
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当然这样一位美好的小伙，他其实也被魅魔轻轻地蛊惑，跟康熙对着干。

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及二阿哥既废。揆叙与廷臣、暗通消息。各人手心俱写一八字。众所共知者一也。
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-

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康熙的宠臣阿灵阿，太师遏必隆第七子，孝昭仁皇后之弟，康熙喜欢极了，时不时送点什么，生病后派御医调治，还命公主做饭赏赐给他。

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阿灵阿去世后，康熙深为可惜，让好几个皇子都给他送灵。

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康熙年间倚重的重臣，“凡一切军机奏议无不恰合上心，一时大臣无有出其右者。圣祖仁皇帝恩遇甚隆，常赐上方动用之件及上亲乘名马。”康熙四十三年，赐御书“崇先裕后”匾额命皇十子胤䄉来悬。康熙五十五年三月，得疾，即遣御医调治，复赐御制药教以调养，康熙又亲占易卦甚吉，特谕晓之，后病稍愈。康熙驾至边外，病之好坏令每日奏闻，不时遣内侍看视。因服药无效，不思饮食，康熙命二公主（固伦荣宪公主）制饭赐之。围内所得狍鹿等鲜物赐之。时有西洋名医奉诏看视。至十月二十一日卒，享年四十七岁。康熙闻之，甚为悼惜，著左翼王贝勒吊唁，遣镶黄旗一旗大臣侍卫至奠茶酒，赐上驷马四匹，银两千两，令分属九佐领官兵俱穿孝服。皇太后（孝惠章皇后）遣首领赐茶饭，妃嫔皆遣首领赐茶奠酒至发引前一日遣首领送灵。发引之日，康熙命皇四子胤禛、皇五子胤祺、皇十子胤䄉，皇十七子胤礼以及镶黄一旗大臣侍卫护送，又命十七阿哥福晋亦送至墓所。追谥敏恪立碑墓上。
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虽然康熙那么宠爱他，但他也被魅魔蛊惑，犯了错。

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康熙五十三年冬、圣祖仁皇帝驻跸遥亭。……圣祖仁皇帝愤怒。严讯伊之护卫、及太监等。朋党奸谋。尽行显露。其太监冯进朝、供称鄂伦岱、阿灵阿、系伊逆党。
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不止他本人，他的儿子也子承父业，被魅魔蛊惑得颠三倒四，官都不做了也要跟皇帝对着干。

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况此奸党之风。如阿灵阿之子阿尔松阿、苏努之子勒什享等、皆继其父志、而奸恶过焉。似此毫无忌惮。父子相承。先后济恶。实为国家之大患。
阿尔松阿往天津料理监务时，甚属明白可嘉，以为可而用之，乃降旨之时，疑欲杀伊，抵死固辞。
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还有更多更多，数不胜数的康朝大臣们，全部都对魅魔八阿哥犯了错，没给爹留下啥人。

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\"\"
对不起，皇上，你儿子真香。
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2.雍正朝大臣

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雍正朝的大臣更不得了了，别说基本操作之为了维护魅魔跟皇帝对着干了，魅魔都死了，他们心里还装着个魅魔，继续跟皇帝对着干。

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\"\"
对不起，皇上，你弟弟真香。
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佟国纲的儿子鄂伦岱，仗着自己是皇亲国戚，天王老子来了也不服，上怼康熙雍正两任皇帝，下虐弟弟法海。

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他爸佟国纲[2]被这个儿子气疯了，上奏康熙，要求康熙把这个儿子杀了算数。

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然而，显赫的身份带给鄂伦岱却是刚愎自用，狂傲不羁的性格弱点，就连他的父亲佟国纲都不被他放在眼里。两人是关系极为不佳，经常性的争执，以至于佟国纲不惜上奏康熙“请诛其子”，弄得满堂皆知，佟家颜面无存。
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结果他爸康熙二十九年战死，马革裹尸，为了体恤他家，康熙还是把他爸的爵位承袭给了鄂伦岱。（笑死了）

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康熙二十九年（1690 年），佟国纲在“乌兰布通之战”中死战殉国，鄂伦岱却袭承了佟国纲的一等公的爵位，不知道此时的佟国纲如果泉下有知的话，会不会死不瞑目。
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他弟弟法海出身下贱，是佟国纲的侍婢所生。鄂伦岱十分看不起法海，百般虐待，甚至还不给法海的生母入祖坟。

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面对如此优秀的弟弟，鄂伦岱只是因为他的卑微的出身就对其母子颇为歧视，特别是在佟国纲去世后，鄂伦岱更加的肆无忌惮、任意虐待。甚至在法海的母亲去世后，鄂伦岱还不准其葬入佟家祖坟。这样就使得鄂伦岱与法海这对兄弟之间结下了深仇大恨，从此是老死不相往来。
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康熙拿他当侍卫，他把康熙当表哥。

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好消息：他俩确实是亲戚。

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坏消息：鄂伦岱连他爸都不吊，那么他对表哥的看法是_______？

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答：照样不吊，请安都不请，就在旁边跟别的侍卫射箭玩儿，气得康熙骂他：小兔崽子你是真找死啊？

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\"\"
信不信我今个代替你爸教训你？
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鄂伦岱选择——？

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答：鄂伦岱选择了无视。

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及在热河皇考圣体违和之时，并未请安一次，其意颇以为快，在热河宫门前每日较射欢笑。其后皇考于行围地方向鄂伦岱云：尔甚无恩情，尔所作之罪不可胜数，实为可杀之人。伊承旨之下毫无畏惧，倨傲如故，亲随侍卫等不胜愤恨，人人髪指，因此皇考愤懑终日。
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康熙气完了，一条条数他的罪过，叫人拿鞭子抽他。

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在热河时，皇考圣体甚是违和，大臣侍卫等俱请安求瞻仰圣颜。惟鄂伦岱并不请安，且率同乾清门侍卫等，每日较射游戏。鄂伦岱罪恶多端，皇考行围哨鹿时悉数其罪，令侍卫五哥鞭责之。
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到了雍正朝，面对表哥的儿子，鄂伦岱选择——

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答：照样吊也不吊。

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雍正对佟佳氏加恩，他不奏谢。

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伊之父祖朕俱厚加恩典，冀其悛改过恶，为朕出力。而鄂伦岱结党之心坚如金石，并无感激报效之念。以为朕之加恩于其父祖皆因隆科多之力所致，与己无涉，在朕前并无一语奏谢。
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雍正整顿吏治，清除异己，搞得差不多了，群臣都在下面陪笑脸，就只有他一个人低头冷笑。

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朕每召诸王大臣等颁发谕旨，鄂伦岱从未有一次点首心服。前召旗下大臣面谕云，近日是臣等办事将从前积习已改十之七八，若再整顿一二年便可全改。朕尝虑向来恶习恐非诛戮一二人不能挽回，今看来可不用诛戮矣，为此朕心甚喜，诸臣无不点首喜动颜色，惟鄂伦岱略无喜容，俯首冷笑。彼时朕即欲降旨诘责，已而中止。
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雍正问他手下有个人做事如何，他压根不认识这个人就说这人平常。

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雍正骂他：你胡说。

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他直接说：我就是胡说啊。给雍正气晕了。

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昨因办理旗下之事，在众人前将一原当侍卫之人问鄂伦岱：此人何如？鄂伦岱并未认识妄奏云：此人平常。朕责以尔在皇考时身为大臣存心狡狯，只知顾惜身家，不肯实心出力，苟且欺罔，朕所稔知，此等处朕屡经开谕，毫不悛改。今日在众人前又如此诳奏，是诚何意？鄂伦岱奏云：我信口回奏。含忿摇头，故激朕怒。
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他甚至在乾清门院子里掀开衣服就尿，把雍正气死了。

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又一年元旦清晨，在乾清门院内掀衣而溺，朕见之骇异，知其行同畜类。
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雍正顾忌他是太后、太皇太后两任国舅爷的后人，搞了容易被骂不孝，不然早掐死他了。

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就这样一个人，一个拽哥，一个天底下头等无君无父的法外狂徒，

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他面对魅魔展现出了如何的定力呢？

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答：无定力，已狠狠堕其术中。

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\"\"
就是这个八阿哥爽！
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康熙被八儿子送的老鹰气完了，审问八儿子的下属，问谁是魅魔的党羽，下属当场指认了鄂伦岱。

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他没话说了还要硬说，跪在旁边，也不管自己能不能回话，直接丢给人家一个问句：你说我与你主子一党，你主子与过我何物？

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圣怒当日因允禩得罪在要亭地方，将伊门下太监审讯。太监云：阿灵阿、鄂伦岱乃我主子之党，问他二人便知。彼时阿灵阿、鄂伦岱在傍，俱无言可辩，顔色改变良久，但称：我既系你主子之党，平日曽送过何物？你主子曽赏过我何物？
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回头康熙越想越气[3]，回宫的时候沿途一直在骂鄂伦岱，走了三十里就骂了三十里，一直没消气。

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鄂伦岱叼都不叼。

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当时还只是雍亲王的雍正：……？

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\"\"
这，这对吗……？
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次年春，皇考从霸州回銮，自行宫起身至南红门，言及鄂伦岱等结党之事，皇考震怒，沿途切责鄂伦岱，行至三十里而圣怒未解。鄂伦岱悍然不知畏惧，亦无一毫爱君之心，朕在旁悚惕不安之甚，
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雍正忍不住了，要拉人劝劝康熙，结果康熙从旁边出来，鄂伦岱甚至变本加厉，以至于康熙看到他的脸就开喷。

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得亏是劝住了，不然又有好戏看呢。（不是

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及圣驾出，而鄂伦岱仍悍然向前迎立以触圣怒，致皇考复严加切责，娄徵额进前奏劝，朕遂泣奏云：皇父圣体初愈，此等悖逆之人何足屡烦圣怒，乱臣贼子自有国法，若交与臣便可即行诛戮。因朕恳奏再三，皇考之怒方解。
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到了雍正朝，鄂伦岱还是横着走，对魅魔的宠爱（？）也变本加厉，倾身回护，代替魅魔上奏。

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之前子承父业，同堕八阿哥术中的阿尔松阿也来帮腔，两人就这样一起违抗皇帝。

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于是鄂伦岱甚至抗衡圣旨，将雍正给的圣旨丢在地板上，将死罪揽在己身，悍傲已极。

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朕即位以来效法皇考，仍不念其罪恶，施恩保全。乃伊每事扰乱，倾身回护阿其那，因阿其那佐领一事，在外于众人前一番议论，在内代伊启奏，显露悖逆之状，将朕所交硃批谕旨掷于乾清门地上，在朕前举止抗横，为人臣者当如是乎？
朕有硃批谕旨降与阿尔松阿者，令鄂伦岱转交，乃鄂伦岱于乾清门众人前将朕旨掷之于地，且极力党护阿尔松阿，将其死罪承认在身，愍不畏死，顽悍已极。
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雍正破大防。

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鄂伦岱：可魅魔就是魅魔啊，你算鸡毛。（抠鼻

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额尔金是十阿哥的长史，也在魅魔主管的上驷院工作。

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仗着自己是魅魔的人，对皇帝就开始傲慢无礼啊！太坏了！

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额尔金在上驷院行走时，依附允禩，为其党与。所以敢在朕前傲慢者，恃有此耳。伊实为允禩党内凶悍之人，愈见皇考知人之明，昭昭不爽。朕之复用额尔金，甚属错误。
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有个武会元叫金昆，雍正想要用他，把他安排到魅魔主管的工部下。

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没想到魅魔看见金昆这孔武有力的肌肉，啊不对，发达的大脑，馋了。

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金昆看见魅魔，那更是走不动路了，魂都被勾走了，硬是把魅魔当成知己，给雍正气死了。

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上諭：工部主事金昆昔年曾在府中绘画行走，朕因其从武会元出身，识得数字，故令改授文职。伊籤掣工部主事，自到工部诸事把持招摇放纵，廉亲王居心巧诈，事事任用，凡有差使俱将金昆派出，搪塞其意，以为金昆有过，天下必加朕以私用匪人之名也。金昆亦倚廉亲王为知已，肆行无忌，大负朕恩。着将金昆革职，令在内庭禁锢行走效力。如不能改过自新或又多事，必从重治罪。
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当然，金昆不只是个例。

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事实上，八阿哥管理下的全体上驷院和工部全体官员，全部都被魅魔上司蛊得神魂颠倒，任由魅魔摆布。

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尔工部官员等，受皇考数十年教养之恩，当念君臣大义，为朕竭力尽心以图报称，勿因允禩之甘言诡计为其所惑。允禩故为小心谨畏，于属员则作噢咻体恤之状，……
允禩居心行事如此。尔诸大臣、定已尽知。惟是工部上驷院两衙门官员人等、恐不知廉亲王之居心奸诈。一堕其术中。便为所累。朕岂忍两衙门之臣下、为伊所愚弄乎。用是再加晓谕。非令尔等、每事与伊抗拒。但令尔等、于办事效力之处、一归于正、勿被伊引诱惑乱而已。
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虽然雍正觉得大家应该都已经认出了魅魔的真面目，但大臣们还是纷纷堕其术中，同情魅魔，心甘情愿跟着魅魔受罚。

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乃在廷诸臣，为廉亲王所愚，反以朕为过于苛刻，为伊抱屈。即朕屡降谕旨之时，观众人神色，未尝尽以廉亲王为非。惟舅舅隆科多、大将军年羹尧、大学士王顼龄、侍郎沈近思，曾在朕前陈奏：一年以来，大小臣工因廉亲王贻累者甚多，乃甘心忍受，并不归怨廉亲王。而廉亲王恬然自安，全不知愧，又不念及国法，全无恐惧。此党援之终不能解散者也。
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不仅如此，这些官员还纷纷觉得皇帝真是太坏了，居然加害魅魔。

\n
尔工部官员等，受皇考数十年教养之恩，当念君臣大义，为朕竭力尽心以图报称，勿因允禩之甘言诡计为其所惑。允禩故为小心谨畏，于属员则作噢咻体恤之状，其心实欲败坏事务，且知朕必能察出，将众人治罪，以彰朕之苛刻，俾众人感伊而归怨于朕，其居心大抵如此。
\n

大臣们：对不起皇上，你弟弟真好！没忍住，犯错了！

\n
\"\"
就是这个魅魔爽！
\n

-

\n

就连年羹尧跟雍正上奏时都说：嗯，廉亲王的风味确实好点。

\n
其允禟语无伦次，心地浅诈，竭力做哭介而无眼泪，故为亲热煦煦孑孑之状，盖有意学廉亲王而细致则远不及也。
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九阿哥：（装哭）（亲热）（演技大爆发）

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年羹尧：（眼前看着九阿哥）（脑子已经飘到千里之外的京城想起可爱的廉亲王)

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年羹尧：并没有说我已经堕其术中，但魅魔确实挺可爱的。嗯。

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-

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魅魔的功力深厚，哪怕在物质上已经离去，精神上还存在于人们心中。

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具体体现为死了还能结党，可能目的是吸活人精气。

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这些人的名字，包括但不限于：鲁尔金、乌尔陈、苏尔金、库尔陈，法海、佛保、达尔当阿、托什、查弼纳，萧永藻、诺岷、高成龄、董永芠、四格、李凤翥、锡保，每个名字拿出来都是响当当的倒霉，哦不对，不能在魅魔面前卓然自立的愚蠢呀！

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甚至酒老师@不沾一滴酒 扒出来，都雍正十二年了，魅魔都去世八年了，大义觉迷录也被强制宣传好几年了，在雍正提拔的官员私下八卦里，邪恶的魅魔阿其那竟然还是【圣祖的八阿哥】【圣祖密旨说他确实好】

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太恐怖了，简直是脑控啊！怪不得说被魅魔骗一次终身受骗！
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雍正都崩溃了，说自己就没见过不会被魅魔蛊惑的汉子。

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尔若不为塞思黑之奸恶所欺骗，能坚持初到大同之心，则将为朕多加夸奖，可惜已枉然了，然而朕将宽恕之。若与阿其那、塞思黑在一处两个月，不为伊等奸计所动之汉子，不被欺骗之聪慧之人亦少矣。
朱批：此不过楚仲防汝之论耳，已被塞思黑之愚矣，与阿其那、塞思黑对面数日，有能不被二人之奸诈所愚者，朕未见也。
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九、全体清朝民众

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皇帝忍无可忍，把魅魔圈禁起来，免得魅魔又去勾引他人。

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结果民间居然传出谣言，说“八佛被囚，军民怨新主”，魅魔不知道为何被人当成了佛。

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皇帝崩溃了，怒发一万条反问：他哪里佛了？佛在哪里？where is 佛？

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阿其那等心怀奸恶，扰乱国政，煽惑人心，邀买美名，结交匪类，徧处称扬伊善，不过欺人而已，岂能欺上天皇考乎？阿其那等承欢皇考者何处？效力者何处？有裨国家者何处？利济军民者何处？施恩臣工者何处？有益兄弟者何处？且当皇考圣明在御之时，阿其那为皇子，何得交结外人，不曾与政事，有何善足称，遂至人目之为佛者，何故耶？
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清朝民众：对不起皇上，我们也已经堕其术中了。

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十、其实皇帝也被魅魔蛊惑了。

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那到底为什么会达成这个效果呢？

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因为皇帝本人也（曾）堕其术中，甚至房子都在魅魔的隔壁。

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历史上胤禛和胤禩的关系到底怎么样？

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把皇上四哥也算进去，那么单单前十二个序齿 + 未早夭的兄弟，被魅魔蛊惑到的就足足有六个了，占一半。（嗯。

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但皇帝精通觉迷技巧，凭借自己坚定的意志力爬了出来。

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哦！伟大的雍正帝！

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于是雍正帝汲取自身教训，号召大家一定要远离魅魔。结果一扭头，大家还是在堕其术中！

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哦，可怜的雍正帝！

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可惜的是哥们早年堕其术中的痕迹太多，骂个魅魔都要先把自己的存在从魅魔身边摘出去才能骂。

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甚至偶尔还不小心觉迷失败，吐露一些堕其术中的发言。

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年羹尧：并没有说我已经堕其术中，但魅魔确实挺可爱的。嗯。

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雍正：就是说！其他人真是丑妇效颦，万不及一！

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其允禟语无伦次，心地（朱批：秉性）浅诈，竭力做哭（朱批，虽诈，这还好）介而无眼泪，故为亲热煦煦孑孑之状，盖有意学廉亲王而（朱批：丑妇效颦，万不及一！）细致则远不及也。
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嗯，你让雍正承认魅魔貌比西施他是不会承认的，但要是别人试着学魅魔哭，雍正就会骂别人丑妇效颦了。

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中国人啊，如果只是想开天窗是得说要砸墙的 jpg
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好在他儿子乾隆帮他擦了屁股，编的《实录》里基本把雍正口不择言骂魅魔的痕迹全删掉了。

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十一、但另一个儿子就没那么省心了。

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三阿哥·又长高了·大清巨人·弘时，他命中注定的瑛贵人不在后宫。

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在真实历史中，他命中注定的瑛贵人在前朝，正是他的魅魔八叔。

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魅魔：三阿哥你要做什么？我是你的八叔！

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三阿哥：我就那么比不上皇阿玛吗？我心里有你，皇阿玛他老了！

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魅魔还没来得及答应（？）就被他爸圈起来了。（大悲）

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他爸雍正折腾八叔，给他折腾急眼了，跟他爸水灵灵地对着干，给爹气完了。

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早在雍正三年三月，雍正在给诸王的谕旨中就提出：“今尔诸宗室闻朕谕旨，心中以为是者有之，以为不是者亦有之，朕岂能必宗室皆以此旨为是而遵行乎，即朕之子亦不能保其必行。”雍正说，他所下达的谕旨，即使在皇家、皇族的宗室中，有人以为对，也有人以为不对而不执行。即使是自己的儿子，也不能保证其一定会执行。这个“朕之子”当然就是指弘时，说明弘时对其父的政策、行为，多有分歧乃至违抗，已确是事实。
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雍正：我给你高出亲王的待遇，你这小兔崽子胳膊肘还往外拐？！

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三阿哥：可是八叔就是魅……哦不是，八叔可是八叔啊！

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雍正：你既然要为你八叔求情，就去做他的儿子好了。

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我恨极了你们这帮被魅魔蛊惑的蠢货。
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尔等前为弘时请旨，时朕欲颁谕旨。朕禾念知弘时，断不可留内，故特颁旨诸王、大臣断决，以与允禩为子。今已将允禩治罪，掣回带子，从玉牒除名。将弘时既与伊为子，不能不掣回弘时之带子，著將弘时带子掣回。（此为朕深思依理所办之事，)尔等勿得屡加(妄)奏。{治一小人罪时，朕亦慎重，惟恐受冤枉,岂有将弘时强行治罪之理？}(要治允禩逐出宗室之罪，确实意外，此亦弘时之命。但弘时虽系允禩之子，若不交给他入管束，任其安行，亦有关系脸面之处。{将弘时}(其名亦令更改，将此)交付允裪，虽非叔子，仍准管养之。钦此。
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于是儿子乾隆上台后又开始给爹擦屁股。

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又谕、从前三阿哥、年少无知。性情放纵。行事不谨。皇考特加严惩。以教导朕兄弟等。使知儆戒。今三阿哥已故多年。朕念兄弟之谊。似应仍收入谱牒之内。
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大家：对啊，只是和魅魔在一起又有什么错呢。

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奏為查三阿哥從前原因阿其那獲罪株連，與本身獲罪撤去黃帶者不同。今已故多年，蒙皇上篤念兄弟之誼，仍收入譜牒，于情理允宜，應欽遵諭旨，將三阿哥仍載入玉牒。俟命下之日交與宗人府辦理。
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乾隆：其实我爸根本不想把魅魔逐出宗籍，他晚年提到这事就不开心，想后悔啊。

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乾隆：这样吧我们把八叔收回玉牒吧。

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圣心如日在天，固众所共仰也。迨皇考晚年，屡向朕谕及此事，辄愀然不乐，意颇悔之，若将留以有待者。朕即位之初，深有念于孔子三年无改之言，未敢遽易成案。今临御四十三年矣。……此事重大，朕若不言，后世子孙亦无敢言者。所有允祀、允禟二人，自不合还其原爵，仍当复其原名，收入玉牒，两人子孙亦当一并叙入。
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雍正：你个小兔崽子我 adlhaofaj**^KJYK7

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我当年哪里后悔了？！
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乾隆：对不起爸爸，可是我真的很怀念八叔。

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天啊，魅魔太可怕了，把皇帝逼成这样啊。太可怜了雍正。

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查看知乎讨论
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\n\n\n\n", @@ -1515,28 +1493,6 @@ "hash": "15c2d4366a962017b683f9bda6b4254f", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "旺旺碎冰冰到底哪一半更多呢？", - "description": "
\"头图\"/
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先说结论：实验和计算都表明，圆头那一半更多！

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实验

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针对这个问题，不少网友早已开展了“实证研究”。有网友专门购买了未冷冻状态下的碎冰冰，用剪刀从正中间剪开，再借助带刻度的针管分别抽取尖头和圆头中的液体进行测量。测量结果显示：尖头部分约含 38 ml 液体，而圆头部分则为 40 ml（图 1）， 竟然是圆头的一半更多[1]。

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图 1: 网友的实验结果
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旺旺官方也曾亲自下场“破案”。在旺旺旺仔俱乐部发布的视频中[2]，工作人员将碎冰冰尖头部分的液体倒入圆头容器中，不仅没有出现溢出的现象，甚至还能再装进去一些！这一实操演示似乎再次坐实了“圆头更多”的结论。

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模型

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实验方法虽然简单直观，操作性强，但实验结果容易受到灌装误差、剪开位置偏差等不确定因素的影响。为减少这些影响带来的干扰，本答借助几何建模的方法，计算碎冰冰上下两部分的理论体积。

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碎冰冰整体造型较为简单，可以看成是圆柱、半球、圆台和半球缺的组合。大家对圆柱和半球及其体积计算公式并不陌生，这里先简单介绍一下圆台和半球缺。

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如图 2 所示，圆台是圆锥被一个平行于底面的平面截去顶端小圆锥后剩下的几何体，其体积可以由上底面半径

\n

\"\"

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、下底面半径

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\"\"

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和高

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\"\"

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计算得到。

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图 2: 圆台示意图及其体积公式
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如图 3 所示，半球缺都是半球被平面截断后剩余的半球球体部分，其体积可以由半球体积减去球帽体积得到[3]。

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图 3: 半球缺示意图及其体积公式
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有了圆台和半球缺的体积计算公式，要计算碎冰冰的体积，还需要知道其尺寸参数。但旺旺官方并未公开碎冰冰外观的具体设计参数，官网和相关资料中也查不到准确的尺寸数据，我们只能退而求其次，手动对实物进行测量，获取碎冰冰的尺寸数据，图 4 为测量得到的各部分长度数据（单位：cm）。根据实际经验，冰冻状态下掰开碎冰冰时，最顶部小把手部分的碎冰冰难以挤出，故其体积忽略不计。

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图 4: 旺旺碎冰冰的各部分长度
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接下来，我们把碎冰冰的上下两部分分别看作由基础几何体组合而成，并通过对各部分体积的求和，计算上下两部分的总体积。

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图 5: 将碎冰冰分解为基本几何体
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如图 5 左所示，尖头部分

\n

\"\"

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可以分解为圆台

\n

\"\"

\n

、圆柱

\n

\"\"

\n

、半球缺

\n

\"\"

\n

，三部分的体积分别为：

\n

\"\"

\n

因此，尖头部分的总体积为：

\n

\"\"

\n

如图 5 右所示，圆头部分

\n

\"\"

\n

可以分解为半球缺

\n

\"\"

\n

、圆柱

\n

\"\"

\n

、半球

\n

\"\"

\n

，三部分的体积分别为：

\n

\"\"

\n

因此，圆头部分的总体积为：

\n

\"\"

\n

通过对尖头和圆头部分的体积计算，不难发现，圆头部分的体积更大，比尖头部分多了约 2.23 cm

\n

\"\"

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，约占尖头体积的 6%。两者的体积差异主要来源于上下圆柱部分，尽管尖头的总长度在视觉上更长，但由于其圆柱部分反而较短，导致其容体积相对较小。此外，我们可以计算得出碎冰冰的总体积为 76.78 cm

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\"\"

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，与官方公布的总体积 78 ml（1 ml = 1 cm

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）十分接近，从侧面验证了本模型在结构建模与体积估算方面的可靠性。

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结论

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本文通过构建几何模型，对经典冷饮产品旺旺碎冰冰的上下两部分体积进行了定量计算。结果显示，圆头部分的体积更大，约比尖头部分多出 6%。这一结论不仅印证了坊间实验的观察结果，也为这场延续多年的“童年争议”提供了科学答案。

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参考资料

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[1] 真的困扰我很多年！旺旺碎冰冰到底哪一半更多呢？ 一包忧桑的辣条, 2020: https://www.zhihu.com/question/394015396/answer/1214764235

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[2] 设计师你说话呀！碎冰冰到底哪头多！旺旺旺仔俱乐部, 2024: https://space.bilibili.com/332632721

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[3] wikipedia. Spherical cap, 2019.: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_cap

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查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", - "content": "
\"头图\"/
\n

先说结论：实验和计算都表明，圆头那一半更多！

\n

实验

\n

针对这个问题，不少网友早已开展了“实证研究”。有网友专门购买了未冷冻状态下的碎冰冰，用剪刀从正中间剪开，再借助带刻度的针管分别抽取尖头和圆头中的液体进行测量。测量结果显示：尖头部分约含 38 ml 液体，而圆头部分则为 40 ml（图 1）， 竟然是圆头的一半更多[1]。

\n
\"\"
图 1: 网友的实验结果
\n

旺旺官方也曾亲自下场“破案”。在旺旺旺仔俱乐部发布的视频中[2]，工作人员将碎冰冰尖头部分的液体倒入圆头容器中，不仅没有出现溢出的现象，甚至还能再装进去一些！这一实操演示似乎再次坐实了“圆头更多”的结论。

\n

模型

\n

实验方法虽然简单直观，操作性强，但实验结果容易受到灌装误差、剪开位置偏差等不确定因素的影响。为减少这些影响带来的干扰，本答借助几何建模的方法，计算碎冰冰上下两部分的理论体积。

\n

碎冰冰整体造型较为简单，可以看成是圆柱、半球、圆台和半球缺的组合。大家对圆柱和半球及其体积计算公式并不陌生，这里先简单介绍一下圆台和半球缺。

\n

如图 2 所示，圆台是圆锥被一个平行于底面的平面截去顶端小圆锥后剩下的几何体，其体积可以由上底面半径

\n

\"\"

\n

、下底面半径

\n

\"\"

\n

和高

\n

\"\"

\n

计算得到。

\n
\"\"
图 2: 圆台示意图及其体积公式
\n

如图 3 所示，半球缺都是半球被平面截断后剩余的半球球体部分，其体积可以由半球体积减去球帽体积得到[3]。

\n
\"\"
图 3: 半球缺示意图及其体积公式
\n

有了圆台和半球缺的体积计算公式，要计算碎冰冰的体积，还需要知道其尺寸参数。但旺旺官方并未公开碎冰冰外观的具体设计参数，官网和相关资料中也查不到准确的尺寸数据，我们只能退而求其次，手动对实物进行测量，获取碎冰冰的尺寸数据，图 4 为测量得到的各部分长度数据（单位：cm）。根据实际经验，冰冻状态下掰开碎冰冰时，最顶部小把手部分的碎冰冰难以挤出，故其体积忽略不计。

\n
\"\"
图 4: 旺旺碎冰冰的各部分长度
\n

接下来，我们把碎冰冰的上下两部分分别看作由基础几何体组合而成，并通过对各部分体积的求和，计算上下两部分的总体积。

\n
\"\"
图 5: 将碎冰冰分解为基本几何体
\n

如图 5 左所示，尖头部分

\n

\"\"

\n

可以分解为圆台

\n

\"\"

\n

、圆柱

\n

\"\"

\n

、半球缺

\n

\"\"

\n

，三部分的体积分别为：

\n

\"\"

\n

因此，尖头部分的总体积为：

\n

\"\"

\n

如图 5 右所示，圆头部分

\n

\"\"

\n

可以分解为半球缺

\n

\"\"

\n

、圆柱

\n

\"\"

\n

、半球

\n

\"\"

\n

，三部分的体积分别为：

\n

\"\"

\n

因此，圆头部分的总体积为：

\n

\"\"

\n

通过对尖头和圆头部分的体积计算，不难发现，圆头部分的体积更大，比尖头部分多了约 2.23 cm

\n

\"\"

\n

，约占尖头体积的 6%。两者的体积差异主要来源于上下圆柱部分，尽管尖头的总长度在视觉上更长，但由于其圆柱部分反而较短，导致其容体积相对较小。此外，我们可以计算得出碎冰冰的总体积为 76.78 cm

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\"\"

\n

，与官方公布的总体积 78 ml（1 ml = 1 cm

\n

\"\"

\n

）十分接近，从侧面验证了本模型在结构建模与体积估算方面的可靠性。

\n

结论

\n

本文通过构建几何模型，对经典冷饮产品旺旺碎冰冰的上下两部分体积进行了定量计算。结果显示，圆头部分的体积更大，约比尖头部分多出 6%。这一结论不仅印证了坊间实验的观察结果，也为这场延续多年的“童年争议”提供了科学答案。

\n

参考资料

\n

[1] 真的困扰我很多年！旺旺碎冰冰到底哪一半更多呢？ 一包忧桑的辣条, 2020: https://www.zhihu.com/question/394015396/answer/1214764235

\n

[2] 设计师你说话呀！碎冰冰到底哪头多！旺旺旺仔俱乐部, 2024: https://space.bilibili.com/332632721

\n

[3] wikipedia. Spherical cap, 2019.: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_cap

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查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783327", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:27:03 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "资讯", - "feed": "知乎", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "274231d18b7c20acd6c0ca99a2a888ce", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "明明好好休息也很快乐，为什么放假待在家不出去玩就会产生出一种「假期被荒废」的负面心理？", "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n

因为休息已经不再是休息了，它变成了一场表演，一种投资，一个不能\"亏\"的“生意”。

\n

对，现代人最怕的就是：不知不觉\"亏大了\"。

\n

这种体验都不陌生吧：

\n

周五下班，累成狗，脑子里只有一个坚定的念头：明天非睡个天昏地暗不可，谁都别想打断我！但当你真的窝在沙发上，刷着手机，看到朋友们的精彩\"周末预告\"：有人去踩点快闪，有人露营徒步，有人去看新展...

\n

一种焦虑感蹭就冒上来了：\"所有人都在过'有意义'的周末，就我在浪费时间。\"

\n
\"\"
\n

休息变成了避免\"损失感\"的竞赛

\n

这种休息焦虑，指向的是一种特别难受的损失感，但这不是现代人的专利。

\n

上世纪 50 年代，一位看起来不太合群、名叫费斯廷格的心理学家注意到一个现象：人们总是忍不住拿自己和别人比较。他跑去学校食堂蹲点，发现学生们排队打饭时会不自觉地瞄一眼别人盘子里有什么。后来他把这种现象总结为\"社会比较理论\"。

\n

但费斯廷格肯定想不到，他观察到的这种比较心理会在社交媒体时代被放大到如此可怕的地步。

\n

当所有人都在晒户外活动、旅行照片、精致生活，你会本能地产生一种\"我错过了什么\"的焦虑。每刷到一张别人的精彩假期照片，大脑就会自动计算：这本可以是我的体验，但我错过了。

\n

经济学家们管这叫\"机会成本\"，但我更愿意叫它\"朋友圈剥夺感\"。

\n

\"要命的是，失去的痛苦远比得到的快乐强烈得多。\"这不是我说的，是那些研究人类非理性行为的行为经济学家发现的。他们给这种现象起了个专业名称——\"损失规避\"，但放在日常生活中，就是\"怕亏\"。

\n

想想看，得到 100 块的快乐，远不如失去 100 块的痛苦强烈。这就解释了为什么\"错过一个假期体验\"的焦虑，远大于\"在家舒适休息\"的满足感。

\n

所以我们休息不再是为了恢复精力，而是为了避免落后、避免损失。

\n

那么懂这些道理，就能躲过去了吗？

\n

呵呵，天真。

\n

我前段时间熬夜写稿调模型，感冒，嗓子疼得要命，原本打算第二天就纯休息，最多补完《人生切割术》第二季一直拉下的最后两集。结果当天就看到朋友发了某个限时艺术展的照片，标注\"最后一天\"。

\n

虽然我确实对那个展很心动，但也意识到自己被“损失感”牵到鼻子了。猜猜我做了什么？明知道这是损失感在作怪，还是拖着病体去\"打卡\"了。整个过程喉咙像被火烧，展览只看了个大概，回家后病情加重（活该）。但至少，朋友在脸书上发的那篇艾特了我的 po 文，证明了我这个周末\"没有浪费\"。

\n

我们的休息被扭曲成了一场避免\"损失感\"的竞赛。这种所谓的\"没浪费\"，恰恰是对休息最大的浪费。

\n

真·休息的核心要素：自主性和无目的性

\n

仔细想象，真正的问题不在于\"宅家还是出门\"，而在于决策的主体是谁。

\n

是你的身体和真实需求在做决定，还是社交媒体上的隐形压力？是你真的想去，还是害怕错过？

\n

人类有三种基本心理需求：自主感、胜任感和归属感。这些\"自我决定理论\"的三角核心，其实说的是个很简单的道理：当我们的行为由内在动机驱动时，即使累也会觉得值得；而当行为由外部压力驱动时，即使表面看来很\"享受\"也会感到空虚。

\n

这就解释了一个现象：为什么有些人假期玩得\"精彩绝伦\"，回来却像被榨干了一样？因为他们的休息没有自主权。

\n

哈佛的丹尼尔·吉尔伯特在他一本书中描述过做过的一个实验。他让人们预测各种经历会带给自己多少快乐，然后再追踪他们的实际感受。结果发现人们普遍高估了\"特别体验\"带来的快乐，低估了日常平静时光的价值。

\n

我们被训练去追求那些\"值得发朋友圈\"的体验，却忽略了真正让我们感到满足的可能是那些不起眼的安静时刻。

\n

划重点！真正的休息有两个核心要素：自主性和无目的性。它不是为了什么，也不是给谁看的。

\n

想想小时候在床上看漫画的感觉。没人问\"看漫画有什么价值\"，没人需要把看漫画的照片发到哪里去证明什么，就那么躺着，一会翻个身，看到累了睡觉。那种纯粹的满足感，就来源于完全的自主。

\n

\"无所事事\"比你想象的重要

\n

休息本身应该无目的性，而假期就是用来享受“无所事事”的。

\n

我甚至认为，\"无所事事\"可能是人类作为高等生物最重要的能力之一。但在这个时代，这种观念必然被视为洪水猛兽。

\n

大脑里有个系统叫\"默认模式网络\"（DMN）。这名字起得不怎么样，听起来像某种软件设置。但这个系统却是我们最神奇的部分之一。

\n

神经科学家马库斯·莱希尔在 2001 年首次描述了这个网络。他原本在研究人类大脑的活跃区域，却意外发现一个奇怪现象：当受试者什么都不做、就是单纯\"放空\"时，大脑中某些区域不但没有停工，反而比平时更活跃。这些区域组成了 DMN，它负责自我参照思考、记忆整合和创造性联想——这些恰恰是创意和洞见产生的关键过程。

\n

这一发现深化我们对\"发呆\"的理解：看似无所事事的时刻，大脑实际上在进行着深层次的重要工作。

\n

2019 年另一项相关研究进一步证实，强迫人们不断保持\"高效利用时间\"的状态会显著损害创造力和问题解决能力。这解释了为什么我们最好的想法常常出现在淋浴时、散步时或者刚醒来的时候，而不是在紧张工作时。

\n

一些被公认的天才，例如爱因斯坦幻想自己骑在光束上旅行时想到了相对论，乔布斯在印度冥想时想到了简约设计理念。他们的共同点是——都允许自己\"浪费时间\"。

\n

反而并非天赋异禀的我们，连上厕所都要带着手机，生怕浪费那几分钟就错过了全世界。我们把每分每秒都塞满内容，却不明白为什么创意枯竭、思维僵化。

\n

答案也很简单：我们剥夺了大脑\"无所事事\"的权利，也就关闭了通往创造力的大门，同时，顺便关上了好好休息的那扇窗。

\n

波兰社会学家鲍曼说得透彻——当代社会把一切都变成了表演和消费，连休闲都不能幸免。我们不是在活着，而是在向别人证明我们活得\"正确\"。

\n

多荒谬啊，为了证明自己\"会休息\"，反而让自己更疲惫；为了显示没有\"浪费假期\"，却浪费了真正的休息机会。

\n

而这场表演到底给我们换来了什么？几个点赞？几句羡慕？还是真的让自己更快乐、更有活力了？

\n

再理性点算一下帐：到底赚了还是亏了？

\n

最后想对你说

\n

真正的休息像呼吸一样自然，不需要事先计划好每一步，不需要在社交媒体上好看，不需要讲出来显得很酷。

\n

休息的价值不在于它能被展示成什么样子，而在于你有没有确定谁是它的主人。想躺三天，就躺三天；中途无聊想出门疯一下，那就改变计划。这些都不需要向谁解释，因为这是你的时间，你的选择。

\n

最根本的是：休息是你和身体的私密对话。

\n

那些插入这段对话的外部声音——社交媒体、同事的假期炫耀、亲友的期待——都是不速之客。礼貌地请它们出去，收回对话的主导权。

\n

而休息之外，敢于在众目睽睽下“无所事事”，或许更是这个时代最稀缺的反叛之一。

\n

进入五一长假了，说这么多，就是希望你不再为\"宅在家\"感到愧疚，即使已经稍显“爹味”了。

\n

这个假期，祝大家（也包括我自己）能真正休息，而不只是假装休息。祝我们都能从允许自己\"浪费时间\"开始，找到属于自己的休息方式，无论它看起来多么不\"精彩\"。

\n

我是鸣戈，FlowTalk 的奶爸，感谢阅读。

\n
\n

没想到这篇得到这么多知友的共鸣，有点受宠若惊。

\n

这个话题的内涵有很多延伸（例如人生阶段性的时间感知、社交媒体的表演性焦虑等），附上几篇相关的联动阅读给有兴趣的朋友。也欢迎告诉我你的感受！

\n

在社交媒体时代，我们是否已经习惯了“被观察”，从而在潜意识里塑造了一个“表演版自我”？当「享受孤独」仿佛成为全民必修课，我们在逃避的本质是什么？还是在寻找更高级的共鸣？在明白什么道理后，你不再焦虑了？如何才能让一个中年人真正的快乐？长大后觉得「时间过得更快」，这种现象是自古有之？还是现代人特有的主观感受？

\n

PS：欢迎下方订阅我的专栏「鸣戈说」

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查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", @@ -2694,28 +2650,6 @@ "hash": "24e3f847e0434577daa40e192393020d", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "Python是什么？为什么一定要学Python?", - "description": "一，Python是什么？Python是一种计算机编程语言。", - "content": "
\n

\n \n \n 一，Python是什么？\n \n \n

\n \n Python是一种计算机编程语言。\n \n

\n

\n \n 对于“编程”，你可能或多或少听说过Java/C语言/C++ /PHP等语言，Python作为近几年特别火的一门编程语言，相较前面几种语言，更注重可读性和效率。\n \n

\n

\n \n 因此，Python对于注重开发效率的程序员来说是大受欢迎的，他们给Python的定位是“优雅”、“明确”、“简单”。\n \n

\n

\n \n 除此之外，Python还具有以下优势，获得人们的青睐：\n \n

\n

\n \n Python 易于学习——Python程序简单易懂，初学者只要识字、会简单的算术、看懂英文单词就能入门学习。因此很多小学生从小就开始通过学习python来培养编程思维。\n \n

\n

\n \n 少量的代码就能构建出很多功能—— 在Python中，几乎每个想法都可以通过20-30行代码快速验证。\n \n

\n

\n \n Python 拥有最成熟的程序包资源库之一——Python有满足不同需求的库，无论实现什么功能，都有现成的类库可以使用。\n \n

\n

\n \n Python 是人工智能/现代数据科学中最常使用的语言——Python应用领域广泛（如图），尤其是人工智能/大数据时代不可或缺的技能。\n \n

\n

\n \n
\n \n

\n
\n \"图片\"\n
\n

\n \n
\n \n

\n

\n

\n \n 二、为什么一定要学Python?\n \n

\n

\n \n 1、时代之驱\n \n

\n

\n \n 这两年，最火的词莫过于“人工智能”。\n \n

\n

\n \n 随着人工智能和机器学习的发展，各行各业职位正在逐渐被智能机器取替，为了应对被取替的风险，越来越多人开始学习编程，学习火热的程度可谓“全民Python编程的时代”。\n \n

\n

\n \n 可以看看几个重要的新闻：\n \n

\n \n

\n \n
\n \n

\n \n

\n \n
\n \n

\n \n

\n \n
\n \n

\n

\n \n 现在国外国内很多家长已经给孩子报名学习Python编程课程了。在美国，就连婴幼儿也有专门的编程童书。\n \n

\n

\n \n 所以，如果不想被淘汰，现在就应该抓紧机会学起来！\n \n

\n

\n \n 2、Python最适合0基础学习者\n \n

\n

\n \n 对于编程小白来说，Python是最适合0基础学习的编程语言。\n \n

\n

\n \n Python的语法简单，代码可读性高，容易入门。从Python学起，你很快就能运用Python编程的底层逻辑去学习另外的语言。也就是说，学习Python是学习编程的最好起点。\n \n

\n

\n \n 3、Python极大提升现有岗位的竞争力\n \n

\n

\n \n 有许多在职程序员本身学了c语言、java等其他编程后，仍坚定多学一门Python开发，他们都被Python代码的优美和开发效率所折服。\n \n

\n

\n \n 比如有一些工程师，以前在做很多SEO优化的时候，苦于不会编程，一些程序上面的问题，得不到解决，只能做做简单的页面优化。\n \n

\n

\n \n 现在学会Python之后，可以编写一些查询收录，排名，自动生成网络地图的程序，解决棘手的SEO问题，这样，在原有专业基础上，他们就多了一项高效的技能。\n \n

\n

\n \n 此外，如果你关注新闻和就业情况，可以明显感觉到，随着 Python 语言的持续火热，对于 Python 技术人才的需求也在不断增加。\n \n

\n

\n \n 通过统计，各大招聘网中，Python岗位的日均需求量甚至达到了 15000+，北上广深等一线城市的需求更是数量庞大，可见这个技能的竞争压力之大。\n \n

\n

\n \n
\n \n

\n
\n \"图片\"\n
\n

\n \n
\n \n

\n

\n \n \n \n 以下通过职友集Python 工资实际查询截图：\n \n \n \n

\n

\n \n
\n \n

\n
\n \"图片\"\n
\n

\n \n
\n \n

\n

\n \n \n 在北京，Python平均工资20980，并且92.7%的Python从业人员薪资在10K以上。\n \n \n

\n
\n \"图片\"\n
\n

\n \n
\n \n

\n

\n \n \n 在互联网比较发达的二线城市，比如成都平均工资12260，6K以上占比85% ，10K以上占比也到达了70.4%。\n \n \n

\n

\n \n \n 可以说，Python是近两年投入性价比最高的学习技能之一了！\n \n \n

\n

\n \n \n 现在，相信你已经对Python有了初步的认知和了解。\n \n \n

\n

\n \n 最后\n \n

\n

\n \n 如果对Python感兴趣的话，可以试试我的学习方法以及相关的学习资料\n \n

\n

\n \n 对于0基础小白入门：\n \n

\n

\n \n 如果你是零基础小白，想快速入门Python是可以考虑培训的。\n \n

\n

\n \n 一方面是学习时间相对较短，学习内容更全面更集中。\n \n

\n

\n \n Python所有方向的学习路线\n \n

\n

\n \n Python所有方向的技术点做的整理，形成各个领域的知识点汇总，它的用处就在于，你可以按照上面的知识点去找对应的学习资源，保证自己学得较为全面。\n \n

\n

\n \n Python所有方向的学习路线\n \n

\n

\n \n \n Python所有方向的技术点做的整理，形成各个领域的知识点汇总，它的用处就在于，你可以按照上面的知识点去找对应的学习资源，保证自己学得较为全面。\n \n \n

\n
\n \"图片\"\n
\n

\n \n
\n \n

\n

\n \n Python必备开发工具\n \n

\n

\n \n \n 工欲善其事必先利其器。学习Python常用的开发软件都在这里了，给大家节省了很多时间。\n \n \n

\n
\n \"图片\"\n
\n

\n \n
\n \n

\n

\n \n Python精品PDF电子书\n \n

\n

\n \n \n 阅读一些书籍或者手写的笔记资料，这些笔记详细记载了他们对一些技术点的理解，这些理解是比较独到，可以学到不一样的思路。\n \n \n

\n
\n \"图片\"\n
\n

\n \n
\n \n

\n

\n \n Python学习视频\n \n

\n

\n \n \n 观看零基础学习视频，看视频学习是最快捷也是最有效果的方式，跟着视频中老师的思路，从基础到深入，还是很容易入门的。\n \n \n

\n
\n \"图片\"\n
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\n \n
\n \n

\n

\n \n 实战案例\n \n

\n

\n \n \n 光学理论是没用的，要学会跟着一起敲，要动手实操，才能将自己的所学运用到实际当中去，这时候可以搞点实战案例来学习。\n \n \n

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\n \"图片\"\n
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\n \n 需要的小伙伴后台私信回复：\n \n \n \n 学习\n \n \n

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\n
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/ZeNssXkKT6SH84c9K5DCUw", - "creator": "python开发工程师", - "pubDate": "Mon, 11 Aug 2025 08:00:00 ", - "enclosure": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/Nc53lZXDjZxVicDpvyBoAac1BHibe0kYqSnibvZ9pujwBMnoODbVxKTqsAnLapEAE4ibao62nrpXWicq10YIYPM6fMA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "enclosureType": "image/jpeg", - "image": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/Nc53lZXDjZxVicDpvyBoAac1BHibe0kYqSnibvZ9pujwBMnoODbVxKTqsAnLapEAE4ibao62nrpXWicq10YIYPM6fMA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "id": "2247511522_2", - "language": "", - "folder": "IT技术", - "feed": "python开发工程师", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "a8db13fc4bea3117d5eb197ea716b4a3", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "清华大学终于把Python整理成了《漫画书》，整整高清PDF下载", "description": "前言随着人工智能的发展，Python近两年也是大火，越来越多的人加入到Python学习大军，对于毫无基础的人该", @@ -2738,28 +2672,6 @@ "hash": "712648cb3457773243feb29ddcec249a", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "自学python必看的书籍《Python编程：从入门到实践》PDF版拿走不谢", - "description": "自学python必看的书籍《Python编程：从入门到实践》内容简介本书是一本针对所有层次的Python 读者", - "content": "
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\n \n \n 自学python必看的书籍《Python编程：从入门到实践》\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 内容简介\n \n \n

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\n \n 本书是一本针对所有层次的Python 读者而作的Python 入门书。全书分两部分：\n \n

\n

\n \n 第一部分介绍用Python 编程所必须了解的基本概念，包括matplotlib、NumPy 和Pygal 等强大的Python 库和工具介绍，以及列表、字典、if 语句、类、文件与异常、代码测试等内容；\n \n

\n

\n \n 第二部分将理论付诸实践，讲解如何开发三个项目，包括简单的Python 2D 游戏开发如何利用数据生成交互式的信息图，以及创建和定制简单的Web 应用，并帮读者解决常见编程问题和困惑。\n \n

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\n \n \n 目录\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 书籍的分享格式为PDF电子版，小伙伴们手机也可以阅读学习哦！\n \n \n

\n

\n \n \n 书籍终归只是辅助，想要真的深入学习python，当然还要有系统的学习方法和学习教程才可以让你在学习的路上一帆风顺哦！\n \n \n

\n

\n \n \n 本套视频一共400集，本套视频共分3季：\n \n \n

\n

\n \n 第一季 【基础篇】Python基础 （115集）\n \n

\n

\n \n 第二季 【提高篇】Python深入和扩展（100集）\n \n

\n

\n \n 第三季 【扩展篇】网络编程、多线程、扩展库（85集）\n \n

\n

\n \n 第四季 【高手篇】算法、Python源码、函数式编程、手工实现神经网络（100集）\n \n

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\n \n \n 以上这些教程我已经为大家打包准备好了，希望对正在学习的你有所帮助！\n \n \n

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    \n
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    \n \n \n \n 获取方式：公众号私信回复“学习”即可\n \n \n \n

    \n
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    \n \n \n \n 需要的小伙伴可以多多点赞转发 让更多的人看到\n \n \n \n

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\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/YOXFQa3lMOjHOaeaf5SF2A", - "creator": "python开发工程师", - "pubDate": "Thu, 31 Jul 2025 08:00:00 ", - "enclosure": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/Nc53lZXDjZxyT23Q3l6Kk8UyDwPVMEAjyhYWQNDVRVNeewBf1UVPfBMEkVbiauWcFZlervnMJp9ZZkHtfoFqWog/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "enclosureType": "image/jpeg", - "image": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/Nc53lZXDjZxyT23Q3l6Kk8UyDwPVMEAjyhYWQNDVRVNeewBf1UVPfBMEkVbiauWcFZlervnMJp9ZZkHtfoFqWog/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "id": "2247511455_2", - "language": "", - "folder": "IT技术", - "feed": "python开发工程师", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "c880c00e2be610b9764267775f9a386f", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "2025神仙级Python入门教程(非常详细)，从零基础入门到精通，从看这篇开始", "description": "一、初聊Python1.为什么要学习Python？", @@ -2782,28 +2694,6 @@ "hash": "743550d894428decfbde5b814601cf70", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "一周练完！100个Python实战项目，太实用了，绝对不能错过（附完整版源码＋教程）", - "description": "Python 是一种极具可读性和通用性的编程语言。", - "content": "
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\n \n Python 是一种极具可读性和通用性的编程语言\n \n \n \n \n \n \n 。Python 这个名字的灵感来自于英国喜剧团体 Monty Python，它的开发团队有一个重要的基础目标，就是使语言使用起来很有趣。Python 易于设置，并且是用相对直接的风格来编写，对错误会提供即时反馈，对初学者而言是个很好的选择。\n \n

\n

\n \n Python 是一种多范式语言，也就是说，它支持多种编程风格，包括脚本和面向对象，这使得它适用于通用目的。随着越来越多地在工业中，被诸如联合太空联盟\n \n \n \n \n \n \n （NASA 的主要飞机支持承包商）和工业光魔\n \n \n \n \n \n \n （VFX 和卢卡斯影业的动画工作室\n \n \n \n \n \n \n ）等组织使用，Python 为那些寻求额外编程语言的人提供了巨大的潜力 。\n \n

\n

\n \n 当一个重要的被称为 comp.lang.python 的 Python 新闻组\n \n \n \n \n \n \n 在 1994 年形成时，Python 的用户基础不断增长，这为 Python 成为开源开发中最受欢迎的编程语言之一铺平了道路。\n \n

\n

\n \n Python当下真的很火。Python实战项目，也一直尤为关注，接下来，和大家介绍下100个Python练手的实战项目。\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 每个项目都有详细的视频讲解，跟随老师带你一步步完成敲代码的过程，在过程中结合多学知识提升能力，帮助怒更好地完成练习。\n \n \n \n \n
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\n

\n \n 100个Python项目列表：\n \n

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  1. \n

    \n \n 1.python自动获取海量IP工具\n \n

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    \n \n 2.python自动获取酷狗音乐工具\n \n

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    \n \n 3.Python自动化开发-制作名片卡\n \n

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    \n \n 4.Python自动化开发-制作名片卡\n \n

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    \n \n 5.Python自动化开发-批量发邮件通知\n \n

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    \n \n 6.Python自动化开发-考勤处理\n \n

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    \n \n 7.Python双色球系统\n \n

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    \n \n 8.Python批量获取王者荣耀皮肤\n \n

    \n
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    \n \n 9.Python获取阴阳师壁纸\n \n

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    \n \n 10.Python获取小说数据并分析\n \n

    \n
    11. \n
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    \n \n 11.Python获取NBA数据\n \n

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    \n \n 12.python获取拉钩工具\n \n

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    \n \n 13.Python获取房天下数据\n \n

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    \n \n 14.Python获取彩票信息\n \n

    \n
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    \n \n 15.Python合成女神图片\n \n

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    16. \n
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    \n \n 16.Python法拍网数据\n \n

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    \n \n 17.Python操作Excel自动化开发\n \n

    \n
    18. \n
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    \n \n 18.python百行制作查询工具\n \n

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    \n \n 19.python百行制作登录系统\n \n

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    \n \n 20.Python百行代码实现点赞系统\n \n

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    \n \n 21.Python百行代码实现抽奖系统\n \n

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    \n \n 22.Python自动获取小说工具\n \n

    \n
    23. \n
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    \n \n 23.python获取喜马拉雅音频\n \n

    \n
    24. \n
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    \n \n 24.python快速获取斗图表情\n \n

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    \n \n 25.python获取主播小视频\n \n

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    26. \n
  26. \n

    \n \n 26.python自动工资条\n \n

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    \n \n 27.python协程详解公开课\n \n

    \n
    28. \n
  28. \n

    \n \n 28.python制作12306查票工具\n \n

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    29. \n
  29. \n

    \n \n 29.python爬虫30行拿LOL皮肤\n \n

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    30. \n
  30. \n

    \n \n 30.python抓取相亲网数据\n \n

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  31. \n

    \n \n 31.python抓取百合网数据\n \n

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    \n \n 32.python游戏开发公开课\n \n

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    33. \n
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\n \n ......\n \n

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\n \n \n 91.【Python 图片转字符画】\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 92.【200行Python代码实现2048】\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 93.【Python3 实现火车票查询工具】\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 94.【高德API+Python解决租房问题】\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 95.【Python3色情图片识别】\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 96.【Python 破解验证码】\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 97.【Python实现简单的Web服务器】\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 98.【pygame开发打飞机游戏】\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 99.【Django 搭建简易博客】\n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n 100.【Python基于共现提取《釜山行》人物关系】\n \n \n

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\n \n \n \n 完整项目已经打包整理好了，希望对正在学习的你带来帮助~多动手练习，才能不断地巩固知识，更快的进步！\n \n \n \n

\n

\n \n \n \n \n 获取方式：\n \n \n \n \n

\n

\n \n \n \n \n 1.点赞＋在看\n \n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n \n \n 2.私信回复：学习  领取。\n \n \n \n \n

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\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/MhahxqkjJs3c-ltitQIUMw", - "creator": "python开发工程师", - "pubDate": "Tue, 01 Jul 2025 09:00:00 ", - "enclosure": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/Nc53lZXDjZzTvd1vr2rzDSOOIRMB4TLicbInhfjo3GahVbwFdVO8AiaDEGG09Bpiawo4f109Gn26W6vkE2Cb14SpA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "enclosureType": "image/jpeg", - "image": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/Nc53lZXDjZzTvd1vr2rzDSOOIRMB4TLicbInhfjo3GahVbwFdVO8AiaDEGG09Bpiawo4f109Gn26W6vkE2Cb14SpA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "id": "2247511269_1", - "language": "", - "folder": "IT技术", - "feed": "python开发工程师", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "9a3ecdf1a8d48a28b17be98c6a04879f", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "史上最详细python学习路线-从入门到精通，只需5个月时间", "description": "Python是一种功能很强大的语言，对于零基础学习Python还是有难度的,但只要学习方法对，入门还是很快哒。", @@ -5294,28 +5184,6 @@ "hash": "2b8dc50a7d3a98f3111fac4da4970070", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "《731》定档！这段惨绝人寰的历史，不能忘……", - "description": "《731》定档！这段惨绝人寰的历史，不能忘……", - "content": "
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\n \n 8月3日\n \n

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\n \n \n 电影《731》\n \n \n

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\n \n 官宣定档9月18日\n \n

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\n \n \n 视频来源：中国日报\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 官博表示：9月18日电影《\n \n \n 731\n \n \n \n 》上映，\n \n 铭记，是为了更好前行，以光影之名，抵抗遗忘，捍卫真相。\n \n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n A Chinese historical drama titled\n \n \n \"731,\"\n \n \n which revisits the horrific World War II-era human experiments conducted by Japan's notorious germ warfare unit 731, is set to premiere on Sept 18, sources associated with the film have said.\n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n \n 《731》预告片中的观影提醒引人注意：\n \n 未满18周岁请谨慎选择观看。\n \n \n \n \n \n

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\n \n 电影《731》由赵林山执导，赵林山、刘恒编剧，姜武、王志文、李乃文领衔主演，孙茜、冯文娟等主演，主要讲述了抗战胜利前夕，侵华日军为了扭转战局在我国哈尔滨平房区开展细菌战研究，屠戮百姓进行人体实验的故事。\n \n

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\n \n 二战期间，侵华日军第七三一部队在哈尔滨市平房区以“给水防疫”为名，秘密研制细菌武器，抓捕平民、抗日志士等进行活体实验，成为日本军国主义实施细菌战的铁证。\n \n
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\n \n \n \n Unit 731, a top-secret biological and chemical warfare research base, was established in Harbin, capital of northeast China's Heilongjiang province, and served as the nerve center for Japanese biological warfare in China and Southeast Asia during WWII.\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 图源：\n \n \n \n \n \n 新浪微博@七三一官方微博截图\n \n \n \n
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\n \n 据新华社报道，主创团队介绍，影片讲述了当地小贩王永章等人被强行抓入“特设监狱”，侵华日军以“配合健康检查与防疫研究即可换取自由”的虚伪承诺，欺骗他们遭受冻伤实验、毒气实验、活体解剖等极端折磨的故事。\n \n
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\n \n \n According to the film's director Zhao Linshan, it tells the story of Wang Yongzhang, a local vendor, and others who were imprisoned and lured by false promises of freedom in exchange for cooperation with health checks and disease prevention research.\n \n \n

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\n \n \n Instead, they became victims of brutal medical experiments carried out by the occupying Japanese forces -- including frostbite testing, gas exposure and vivisection.\n \n \n

\n
\n \n “日本侵略者给中国人民带来了沉重灾难，这是不容忘却的历史。”侵华日军第七三一部队罪证陈列馆馆长金成民说，\n \n 影片展现绝境下中国人不屈的反抗精神，警醒世人铭记历史、捍卫和平。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n \"This is a history that must never be forgotten,\" said Jin Chengmin, a historical adviser for the film and head of the Exhibition Hall of Evidences of Crime Committed by Unit 731 of the Japanese Imperial Army.\n \n \n
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\n \n \n \"The film reveals the inhumane atrocities committed by the invading Japanese army through the eyes of ordinary civilians, while highlighting the unyielding resistance spirit of the Chinese people in the face of despair,\" Jin said. \"It serves as a powerful reminder to safeguard peace.\"\n \n \n
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\n \n 定档消息发出后\n \n
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\n \n 相关话题引发关注\n \n
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\n \n \n \n \n 网友：真相不能忘！\n \n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n \n 铭记历史！\n \n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n \n \n 吾辈当自强！\n \n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n \n 综合来源：新华社、中国青年报、七三一官方微博、中国日报双语新闻\n \n \n \n

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\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/da96XwZdX-66c3RoZcW6yg", - "creator": "21世纪英文报", - "pubDate": "Mon, 04 Aug 2025 12:23:28 ", - "enclosure": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/KZZ7pejfWpniaros9pxBSEqllRyAt5OpBHVeHxyuCGDnnoNK3gd7F1fwnmlBvucDkERRFZN7p0Ou36C9ObCd7kQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "enclosureType": "image/jpeg", - "image": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/KZZ7pejfWpniaros9pxBSEqllRyAt5OpBHVeHxyuCGDnnoNK3gd7F1fwnmlBvucDkERRFZN7p0Ou36C9ObCd7kQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "id": "2247848171_1", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "21世纪双语", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "03d4b6bad89c7545032291fa1732cb4e", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "关于幼儿园幼儿血铅异常问题，甘肃省最新通报！", "description": "关于幼儿园幼儿血铅异常问题，甘肃省最新通报！", @@ -5338,28 +5206,6 @@ "hash": "25a08899c45547f3402ad6df74ca6f78", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "日本教科书，竟这样污蔑“七七事变”！更多铁证曝光……", - "description": "日本教科书，竟这样污蔑“七七事变”！更多铁证曝光……", - "content": "
\n

\n \n 88年前的今天\n \n

\n

\n \n 七七事变爆发\n \n

\n

\n \n 拉开全民族抗战的序幕\n \n

\n

\n \n 历史不容被篡改\n \n

\n

\n \n 但日本教科书\n \n

\n

\n \n 竟这样描述它\n \n

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\n \n This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45) and the World Anti-Fascist War.\n \n \n
\n \n

\n

\n \n Today, July 7, is etched in history with the Lugou Bridge Incident (1937) in Beijing, when Japanese troops attacked Lugou Bridge (Marco Polo Bridge) and the defending Chinese troops rose to fight the enemy. The event triggered China's full-scale war of resistance against Japanese aggression, also a main Eastern theater of the World Anti-Fascist War.\n \n

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\n \n \n 日本教材污蔑“中方先开枪”\n \n \n

\n

\n \n 据新华社报道，“1937年7月，日中两军在北京郊外的卢沟桥发生武力冲突，日中战争爆发”“1937年7月7日，日军在北京郊外的卢沟桥附近进行夜间演习时遭到不明枪击，8日拂晓，日军攻击国民革命军的阵地，两军陷入交战”……这是目前日本东京书籍出版的初中教材《新编　新社会　历史》、令和书籍出版的《国史教科书（第7版）》中关于卢沟桥事变的描述。\n \n

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\n \n
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\n

\n \n 1937年7月7日，日本侵略者为达到以武力吞并中国的企图，悍然炮轰宛平城，制造了震惊中外的卢沟桥事变。88年后，这场由日军主动挑起的侵略真相依然没能被记录在日本的教科书中。取而代之的是日中双方对等的相互攻击，甚至颠倒黑白，污蔑中方先对日军开枪。而这类说法，与日本右翼洗脑机构——靖国神社游就馆中的说辞完全一致。\n \n

\n

\n \n
\n \n

\n

\n \n “卢沟桥事变是侵华日军自导自演的事件。这一点，日本史学界通过客观考证早已明确。尽管如此，日本右翼仍编造谎言，试图将事件的责任推给中国军队。”日本历史学家纐缬厚日前接受新华社采访时说，“当前，这种捏造、歪曲、否定真实历史的历史修正主义依然笼罩着日本教育界和媒体界。这背后隐藏着的，是日本不愿承认侵略，不愿承认‘加害责任’的心态。”\n \n

\n

\n \n
\n \n

\n

\n \n \n Japan has never fully reflected on its aggressive acts and war crimes before and during World War II. Right-wing forces have repeatedly downplayed or glorified this history, promoting revisionist narratives that blur public understanding of World War II.\n \n \n

\n

\n \n
\n \n

\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 这是2024年7月4日拍摄的宛平城城墙上的弹坑遗迹。新华社记者 张晨霖 摄\n \n \n \n
\n

\n \n \n 那一天究竟发生了什么？\n \n \n

\n

\n \n “卢沟桥事变是侵华日军蓄意谋划的。”南京大学历史学院教授张生说，“这一点，曾主导对华‘和平工作’的日本高级特务今井武夫在自己的回忆录中已经‘坦白’。”\n \n

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\n \n
\n \n

\n

\n \n 在回忆录中，今井写道：“当时，在七七事变前，东京政界消息灵通的人士中已流传着一个小道消息：‘七夕晚上，在华北会发生和柳条湖一样的事件。’”\n \n

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\n \n
\n \n

\n

\n \n 所谓“柳条湖事件”，即九一八事变。1931年9月18日夜，日军炸毁沈阳柳条湖附近日本人修建的南满铁路路轨，反诬中国军队所为，随后炮轰东北军北大营，悍然发动九一八事变。\n \n

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\n \n
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\n

\n \n “日本的‘七夕’就是公历7月7日，”张生说，“所以这个日期是早就定下来的。”\n \n

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\n \n
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\n

\n \n 中国人民抗日战争纪念馆馆长罗存康也指出，有史料记载，1936年2月至6月，日本派到北平的“中国驻屯军”由2003人增至5774人，短短4个月就增兵近两倍，蓄意制造事变的野心可见一斑。\n \n

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\n
\n \n 卢沟桥事变亲历者郑福来生前曾多次接受新华社采访，并向记者讲述当年日军侵华的情形。“（事变）那年我不满7岁。7月8号那天，天不亮枪炮声就响了，把我惊醒了……我妈带着我和妹妹一起逃难。路上经过我常去玩的一片小松树林，当时驻守宛平县城的国民革命军第二十九军就在那里奋起抵抗。我看到，小树林里躺满了牺牲的战士。”\n \n
\n
\n \n 一起听七七事变亲历者郑福来的人生故事↓↓↓\n \n
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\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 视频来源：人民日报\n \n \n

\n

\n \n
\n \n

\n

\n \n \n 抗日战争全面爆发已经过去88年，但真实的历史，不应被掩盖，更不应被歪曲。\n \n \n

\n

\n \n
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\n

\n \n \n 这份口述证言首次在国内公布\n \n \n

\n

\n \n 据央视新闻等报道，纪念全民族抗战爆发88周年之际，侵华日军第七三一部队罪证陈列馆7月7日在馆内展出731部队原成员胡桃泽正邦的口述证言。长达83分钟的视频中，胡桃泽正邦供述了731部队从事人体解剖、开展人体实验以及实施细菌战等罪行。\n \n

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\n \n
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\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n 侵华日军第七三一部队罪证陈列馆展出的解剖实验场景。新华社记者 杨思琪 摄\n \n \n \n
\n

\n \n 据新华社报道，这份视频资料是胡桃泽正邦1991年8月在一次展览上揭露731部队罪行的影像，后被日本民间和平团体保存。2024年8月，该馆在日本731问题研究专家原文夫处征集而来，系首次在国内公布。\n \n

\n

\n \n
\n \n

\n

\n \n 88年过去了，如今卢沟桥和城墙上的弹坑成为历史的见证。郑福来生前几乎每天都到卢沟桥上给游客们讲自己的亲身经历，他讲了70多年，曾有日本游客发出质疑，“我们日本人不会故意杀人”，郑福来义正辞严地说，“我说的每一句话都是真实的，历史不容被篡改”！\n \n

\n

\n \n
\n \n

\n

\n \n 在郑福来去世后，他的孙女和徒弟接过他的担子，继续在桥上讲着那一天的历史……\n \n

\n

\n \n
\n \n

\n

\n \n \n 铭记真实历史\n \n \n

\n

\n \n 才能真正从中汲取教训\n \n

\n

\n \n 才能真正做到\n \n

\n

\n \n \n 以史为鉴、珍爱和平\n \n \n

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\n \n
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\n \n \n 综合来源：新华社、央视新闻、人民日报、CHINADAILY等\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 编辑：张语迎\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 推荐视频\n \n \n

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\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/qH5iEGlf_7awxxBM3Sxfng", - "creator": "21世纪英文报", - "pubDate": "Mon, 07 Jul 2025 12:41:30 ", - "enclosure": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/KZZ7pejfWpm4dFhmJPeDdH88912KA4ibEIK9JO1w5ibdPRFBJukxnsm0EftQHoaibc4OiaEGhicc4yDjNuYwIE0tcWQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "enclosureType": "image/jpeg", - "image": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/KZZ7pejfWpm4dFhmJPeDdH88912KA4ibEIK9JO1w5ibdPRFBJukxnsm0EftQHoaibc4OiaEGhicc4yDjNuYwIE0tcWQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "id": "2247847321_1", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "21世纪双语", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "86f09a8c5c6c98da4927830dd271d9ab", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "强烈推荐！248页《python编程从入门到实践》完整版，PDF开放下载", "description": "强烈推荐！248页《python编程从入门到实践》完整版，PDF开放下载", @@ -7353,28 +7199,6 @@ "hash": "66c38cb432df8a52d21c48c763b8ffcb", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "名局赏析：布下口袋", - "description": "闲看毛主席诗词，一个书生竟然能够深谙运兵之妙，甚为佩服。细究案例，原来布口袋这种事情还有这么多的讲究。", - "content": "
\n

\n \n 闲看毛主席诗词，一个书生竟然能够深谙运兵之妙，甚为佩服。\n \n

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\n \n
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\n \n 细究案例，原来布口袋这种事情还有这么多的讲究。\n \n

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\n \n 包围与反包围可能是军事斗争中的永恒主题。\n \n

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\n \n 这个问题，在桥牌中也存在，看来蕴藏在兵法与坐庄防守技巧中的人类智慧并没有差异。\n \n

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\n \n 牌例：\n \n

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\n \n 叫牌过程如下：\n \n

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\n \n 西家首攻方块6，庄家以明手的方块A赢得并续出小方块将吃回手；\n \n

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\n \n 手中换出红桃2，西家跟出红桃9，明手以红桃Q赢得并再出小方块给手中将吃；\n \n

\n

\n \n 庄家兑现梅花A后又打梅花10，西家方小，明手跟梅花9，东家垫出小方块；\n \n

\n

\n \n 庄家打出第三轮草花，明手以梅花J得进并兑现梅花K，手中垫掉黑桃2。\n \n

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\n \n 从而形成如下残局：\n \n

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\n \n 此时，庄家从明手出小黑桃给手中的黑桃A，赢得后又打出黑桃K。\n \n

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\n \n
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\n \n 至此定约方已一边拿到九墩牌并使西家陷入困境：\n \n

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\n \n
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\n

\n \n 假如西家垫掉梅花Q，就会让庄家做成定约，且还将被迫将吃庄家手中最后一张黑桃，从而使庄家超额一墩完成定约；\n \n

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\n \n
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\n

\n \n 结果他在实战中将吃庄家的黑桃K，但随后不论他回出什么都要送给庄家完成这个被加倍4红桃定约所需的第十墩牌。\n \n

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\n \n 这难道不是典型的布口袋吗？\n \n

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\n
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/NMxTHOcoA9tatZxLfBf7yw", - "creator": "小风子桥牌", - "pubDate": "Fri, 08 Aug 2025 06:18:00 ", - "enclosure": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/La6QLcCe4DoQicFeDTI7ibWecpGQFcQ1SL76OKOUHNyeKuIztKsWMtH6LlBG2qib9KE5GeX9CL2VSpxkelcmNgDWQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "enclosureType": "image/jpeg", - "image": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/La6QLcCe4DoQicFeDTI7ibWecpGQFcQ1SL76OKOUHNyeKuIztKsWMtH6LlBG2qib9KE5GeX9CL2VSpxkelcmNgDWQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "id": "2655133732_1", - "language": "", - "folder": "桥牌", - "feed": "小风子桥牌", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "95a8c6410410c7a483f7c1381625475f", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "20250731，想挣钱得学会先抗亏！", "description": "不在高峰时慕名而来，不在低谷时转身走开！2025年7月31日，周四。周三，天完全放晴了，万里无云，碧空如洗。", @@ -7397,28 +7221,6 @@ "hash": "b7301186df013fc99d65ba06e9fd4f4e", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "20250728，高与低，好与坏！", - "description": "不在高峰时慕名而来，不在低谷时转身走开！2025年7月28日，周一。上周五，准确的说是从上周四的晚上就开始下", - "content": "
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\n \n \n \n \n 不在高峰时慕名而来，不在低谷时转身走开！\n \n \n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 2025年7月28日，周一\n \n \n \n \n 。\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 上周五，准确的说是从上周四的晚上就开始下雨。\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 瓢泼大雨，没办法，明摆着没法挤地铁了，赶紧起来，买车票。\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 赶去坐车，还好，没啥人，车上也宽松。\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 。\n \n \n \n
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\n \n 本来计划了上周六去爬山的，没想到下雨了。\n \n
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\n \n
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\n \n 当下的市场，来到了一个比较正常的局面下。\n \n
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\n \n 这个正常，指的是估值的正常。\n \n
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\n \n 但是，这个正常也带来了一些尴尬，那就是原本的买卖计划是低估是买入，高估是卖出。\n \n
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\n \n 当下的操作怎么办？\n \n
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\n \n 眼热，去追热点？还是冷眼旁观呢？\n \n
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\n \n 上一篇，咱们说了耐心与平常心，这个时候其实就要用的上了。\n \n
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\n \n 另个方面，高与低，好与坏，其实是比较出来的。\n \n
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\n \n 这两个词单独存在都没有意义，只有放在一起比较才有意义。\n \n
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\n \n 比如，拿中证红利来讲，目前的PE，股息率可能都不如之前低了，都已经变得比较高了，但是就意味着不能买了吗？\n \n
\n
\n \n
\n \n
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\n \n 不一定，因为投资是在做选择，在股票、债券、商品之间做选择。\n \n
\n
\n \n
\n \n
\n
\n \n 如果相比其他品种，依然还是很有性价比，那么还是可以买的。\n \n
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\n \n 。\n \n
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\n
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/f7vBjd82o3kSF87DxZE80Q", - "creator": "小风子桥牌", - "pubDate": "Wed, 30 Jul 2025 06:18:00 ", - "enclosure": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/bUA2FuHr1jq0ld4QiaEROJBalVdrQs3SFKTk9ibTfXGFR5cBGpUMOVl8YP1bHyxZT9Jlp2ut1jO3H0Olib9iaTcaog/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "enclosureType": "image/jpeg", - "image": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/bUA2FuHr1jq0ld4QiaEROJBalVdrQs3SFKTk9ibTfXGFR5cBGpUMOVl8YP1bHyxZT9Jlp2ut1jO3H0Olib9iaTcaog/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "id": "2655133684_2", - "language": "", - "folder": "桥牌", - "feed": "小风子桥牌", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "3da09e655cbcd807c0a6ee7671edf07c", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "名局赏析：抽丝剥茧、瓮中捉鳖！", "description": "继续名局赏析系列。文章有偿阅读，付费自愿，包年24.24，还可按使用手册及下图方式支持小风子。", @@ -7441,28 +7243,6 @@ "hash": "f9d949572618c768ef67c12e16944730", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "名局赏析：萝卜萝卜配", - "description": "“爸爸，我们来玩一个游戏。”“好啊。”“这游戏叫萝卜萝卜配。你这样，这样。好了，我们开始了哈，你就出这个，我出这个。", - "content": "
\n

\n \n “爸爸，我们来玩一个游戏。”\n \n

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\n \n “好啊。”\n \n

\n

\n \n
\n \n

\n

\n \n “这游戏叫萝卜萝卜配。你这样，这样。好了，我们开始了哈，你就出这个，我出这个。”\n \n

\n

\n \n
\n \n

\n

\n \n 每次这样的配合都以孩子的胜利告终。\n \n

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\n \n
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\n

\n \n 桥牌也是一个极其讲究配合的游戏，通常我们在选择定约的时候，更加倾向于选择5-3配或者4-4配的有将定约或者更长，如果只是4-3配，我们一般会选择无将或者其他花色。\n \n

\n

\n \n
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\n \n 但也有例外。\n \n

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\n \n
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\n \n 牌例：\n \n

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\n \n 叫牌过程如下：\n \n

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\n \n 如果说在北家做出技术性加倍后，南家首先叫出2S尚属合理的话，那么在北家扣叫对方所叫花色要求南家进一步澄清牌型的情况下。\n \n

\n

\n \n
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\n

\n \n 南家再叫3S而不叫出4C则似乎有些欠妥，因为南家手中的黑桃毕竟仅有四张而草花却有五张之多。\n \n

\n

\n \n \n

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\n \n 从理论上讲，定约方在选择有将定约时，大多都以4－4或5－3将牌配合为条件，若遇仅有4—3配合，则一般都会选择主打其它花色或者无将。\n \n

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\n \n
\n \n

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\n \n 但《桥牌世界》杂志早期的主编莫耶塞对此却不以为然，并极力提倡在条件具备时以选择4－3配合的高花定约为佳，因而人们便将4—3配将的高花定约称为“莫耶塞配合”（Moysian Fit)。\n \n

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\n \n
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\n \n 当然 ，在选择“莫耶塞配合”时通常应具备以下两个条件：\n \n

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\n \n ①所选高花的大牌应完全或基本齐全，即A－K－Q－J－10－（甚至包括9）均在定约方手中。这样；持有四张将牌的那家（多为庄家）就不致有被\"缩将\"之忧。\n \n

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\n \n
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\n \n ②应叫方通常需在所选将牌中至少持有 K-J-X或 Q-X-X，从而判断出本方将牌坚实；同时还需在边花中持有单张或缺门，以便获得将吃利益。\n \n

\n

\n \n \n

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\n \n 以此论之，南家在此选择的“莫耶塞配合”确实过分，不过他的高超做庄技巧倒是不同凡响。\n \n

\n

\n \n \n

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\n \n 西家首攻DA，东家跟出D10明确表示欢迎；西家续出D6，东家以DK得进后再打出第三轮方块，庄家以S5将吃。\n \n

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\n \n 此时，南家推算。\n \n

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\n \n
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\n

\n \n 防守方总共持有13点大牌，可DK又在东家手中，看来防守方所拥有的其它大牌理应都在西家，因为西家毕竟是在第三家的位置上开叫1D；\n \n

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\n \n 另外，由于防守方共持有SJ-10—9—8一X一X六张将牌，所以如果东西两家的黑桃并非3—3分布，那么庄家在将牌中就会至少有一个无法避免的失张，但愿防守方的将牌不偏于4-2。\n \n

\n

\n \n \n

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\n \n 基于上述分析，南家选择如下做庄路线；拿掉手中的SA-K并接着再出小红心，西家放小，明手以HJ飞得；明手兑现HA后，续出H6给手中的S7将吃。\n \n

\n

\n \n \n

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\n \n 庄家打出C3，明手以CA得进并兑现SQ，东家跟出S9，庄家垫出C5，西家垫掉DJ。\n \n

\n

\n \n
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\n

\n \n 明手打出HK，从而使东家陷入困境：因为东家手中已无方块，所以不论东家在此是否将吃，防守方再能获得的均只有一墩SJ。\n \n

\n

\n \n
\n \n

\n

\n \n 结果，南家共拿到三墩黑桃、 两墩红心和一墩红心将吃、三墩草花及一墩方块将吃，共计十墩牌。\n \n

\n

\n \n \n

\n
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/03i-WXs6LEqlyUbgGd8XYA", - "creator": "小风子桥牌", - "pubDate": "Mon, 21 Jul 2025 06:18:00 ", - "enclosure": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/La6QLcCe4DrPoOOFGFACMJO1AmUTqF5vuiafiauO6ZSlIWnEZMwWD040dlXDV8d3dOsC4l1BMP04adfkPnicCKqLQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "enclosureType": "image/jpeg", - "image": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/La6QLcCe4DrPoOOFGFACMJO1AmUTqF5vuiafiauO6ZSlIWnEZMwWD040dlXDV8d3dOsC4l1BMP04adfkPnicCKqLQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "id": "2655133639_1", - "language": "", - "folder": "桥牌", - "feed": "小风子桥牌", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "59c86969fcbb7bd03406b5cdc624859c", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "20250711,看远了会怎样？", "description": "不在高峰时慕名而来，不在低谷时转身走开！2025年7月11日，周五。周三，下雨，出门的时候看着还好好的。一直", @@ -7762,28 +7542,6 @@ "hash": "2418ebb6657179d60b73596fead978e4", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "中国桥牌协会关于“北京世园公园杯”2025年全国桥牌俱乐部锦标赛的补充通知", - "description": "中国桥牌协会关于“北京世园公园杯”2025年全国桥牌俱乐部锦标赛的补充通知", - "content": "
\n
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\n \n 桥牌协字〔2025〕48号\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 中国桥牌协会关于“北京世园公园杯”2025年全国桥牌俱乐部锦标赛的补充通知\n \n \n \n

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\n \n
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\n

\n \n 各参赛俱乐部：\n \n

\n

\n \n
\n \n

\n

\n \n 现将“北京世园公园杯”2025年全国桥牌俱乐部锦标赛有关事宜补充通知如下：\n \n

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\n \n \n 一、比赛时间\n \n \n

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\n \n 2025年9月10日至17日\n \n

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\n \n \n 二、比赛地点\n \n \n

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\n \n 北京市延庆区北京世园公园国际馆\n \n

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\n \n \n 三、举办单位\n \n \n

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\n \n 主办单位：国家体育总局棋牌运动管理中心、中国桥牌协会、北京市体育总会\n \n

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\n \n 支持单位：北京市体育局、北京市延庆区人民政府\n \n

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\n \n 承办单位：北京市体育总会秘书处、北京市延庆区体育局\n \n

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\n \n 协办单位：北京市延庆区体育总会、北京世园投资发展有限责任公司\n \n

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\n \n 执行单位：北京市桥牌协会\n \n

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\n \n \n 四、报名办法\n \n \n

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\n \n （一）报名单位及参赛运动员资格\n \n

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\n \n 按《2025年全国桥牌俱乐部锦标赛竞赛规程》第四条和第五条执行。\n \n

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\n \n （二）报名单位组队要求\n \n

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\n \n 每个俱乐部可报男、女各1队参加比赛，每队可报领队、教练各1人，运动员4—6人。\n \n

\n

\n \n （三）报名方法\n \n

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\n \n 所有组别比赛均通过中国桥牌网“2025年全国桥牌俱乐部锦标赛”赛事专题进行网上报名。各参赛俱乐部须于8月24日前完成网上报名并同时将报名表发送至中国桥牌协会和赛区各1份，逾期以弃权论。报名成功后将会获得参赛队的PIN码（PIN码用于各队自行修改参赛名单，请妥善保管）。\n \n

\n

\n \n （四）个人会员照片\n \n

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\n \n 未在中国桥牌网上传个人照片的参赛运动员须在报名时完成上传，用于参赛证件的制作，未上传照片的个人会员将无法报名。\n \n

\n

\n \n （五）报名费\n \n

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\n \n 全部由中国桥牌协会非欠费个人会员组成的参赛队按以下标准收取报名费：1500元/队。非会员和欠费会员比赛报名费在上述基础上加收50元/人。\n \n

\n

\n \n 各参赛队请于8月24日22：00之前将报名费汇至组委会指定账号。逾期未缴费的队伍视为报名无效。\n \n

\n

\n \n 户  名：北京市桥牌协会\n \n

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\n \n 开户行：建行平安大街支行\n \n

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\n \n 账  号：11001029300056006686\n \n

\n

\n \n 备注栏请注明：参赛队队名、联系人和电话，需要开发票的俱乐部请注明发票抬头和纳税人识别号。\n \n

\n

\n \n （六）更改名单\n \n

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\n \n 报名截止前，未通过审核的参赛队可用PIN码自行修改参赛名单，报名信息经组委会审核通过后，8月27日前各参赛队可以邮件形式书面向中国桥牌协会提出更改名单。逾期修改需填写信息更改申请表，于领队会交组委会，每项更改须缴手续费100元。\n \n

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\n \n \n 五、领队会\n \n \n

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\n \n 组委会将于9月9日晚20:00召开领队会，请各代表队领队准时出席。会议地点另行通知。\n \n

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\n \n \n 六、联系办法\n \n \n

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\n \n （一）中国桥牌协会\n \n

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\n \n 联系人：车宇\n \n

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\n \n 电  话：010－87559167\n \n

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\n \n 邮  箱：qiaopaipeixun@163.com\n \n

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\n \n （二）赛区：北京市桥牌协会\n \n

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\n \n 联系人：魏奥\n \n

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\n \n 电  话： 13269793557\n \n

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\n \n 邮  箱：bjscpypx@163.com\n \n

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\n \n \n 七、食宿\n \n \n

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\n \n 本次赛事住宿可选择组委会推荐的以下酒店，午餐、晚餐由各参赛队自行安排，食宿费用自理。选择组委会推荐酒店的参赛队，请于8月24日前完成订房。\n \n

\n

\n \n （一）北京世园凯悦嘉轩酒店\n \n

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\n \n 距赛场877米，步行12分钟。\n \n

\n

\n \n 1.大床房：400元/间/晚（含双早）， 4间\n \n

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\n \n 2.双床房：400元/间/晚（含双早），16间\n \n

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\n \n 3.主题大床房：400元/间/晚（含双早），49间\n \n

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\n \n 4.主题双床房：400元/间/晚（含双早），58间\n \n

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\n \n 5.单卧室套房：800元/间/晚（含双早）， 1间\n \n

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\n \n 6.双卧室套房：1200元/间/晚（含双早），1间\n \n

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\n \n （二）北京世园悦沁酒店\n \n

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\n \n 距赛场648米，步行9分钟。\n \n

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\n \n 1.大床房：480元/间/晚（含双早），39间\n \n

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\n \n 2.双床房：480元/间/晚（含双早），35间\n \n

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\n \n 3.家庭间：480元/间/晚（含双早）， 5间（可当大床也可当双床）\n \n

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\n \n 4.超级大床房：480元/间/晚（含双早）， 10间（可当大床也可当双床）\n \n

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\n \n （三）北京世园凯悦酒店\n \n

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\n \n 距赛场678米，步行10分钟。\n \n

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\n \n 1.大床房：580元/间/晚（含双早），100间\n \n

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\n \n 2.双床房：580元/间/晚（含双早），108间\n \n

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\n \n （四）赛区推荐酒店订房联系方式\n \n

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\n \n 1.北京世园凯悦嘉轩酒店：010-57711234\n \n

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\n \n 2.北京世园悦沁酒店：010-57989888/57989999\n \n

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\n \n 3.北京世园凯悦酒店：010-57311234 酒店总机\n \n

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\n \n \n 八、报到\n \n \n

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\n \n （一）各参赛队请于9月9日19：00前至赛区报到。\n \n

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\n \n （二）报到地点：北京世园嘉轩酒店大堂\n \n

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\n \n （三）各参赛队伍报到时，须交验含往返赛区途中及比赛期间人身意外伤害保险证明材料（纸质材料或电子保单均可）、《自愿参赛责任和赛风赛纪承诺书》，核验通过后方可领取参赛资料。\n \n

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\n \n \n 九、交通\n \n \n

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\n \n （一）到达北京世园凯悦/嘉轩/悦沁酒店\n \n

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\n \n 1.北京首都国际机场：67 km\n \n

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\n \n 2.北京大兴国际机场：111 km\n \n

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\n \n 3.北京火车站：72 km\n \n

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\n \n 4.北京南站：73 km\n \n

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\n \n 5.北京西站：68 km\n \n

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\n \n 6.北京北站：64 km\n \n

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\n \n 7.北京丰台站：96 km\n \n

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\n \n 8.北京朝阳站：90 km\n \n

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\n \n （二）推荐交通方式\n \n

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\n \n 1.公共交通：\n \n

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\n \n （1）市区内各车站或两个机场，须搭乘公交至德胜门公交车站，换乘919/919快，或搭乘地铁至积水潭地铁站（2/19号线），B出口步行15分钟至德胜门公交车站，换乘919/919快。公交车程1小时30分钟左右，至延庆东关，搭出租/网约车至凯悦/嘉轩/悦沁酒店，10分钟左右，全程费用50元左右。\n \n

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\n \n （2）可搭乘公交至地铁西直门站公交车站，或搭乘地铁至西直门地铁站（2、4、13号线），A2出口步行5分钟至北京北站，乘坐火车至延庆站。\n \n

\n

\n \n 车次信息如下：\n \n

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\n \n 北京北站（08:13出发）至延庆站（09:23到达）\n \n

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\n \n 车次：D6703  用时1小时10分，票价：31元-50元\n \n

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\n \n （3）可搭乘公交至上地三街东口站公交车站，或搭乘地铁至清河站地铁站（13号/昌平线），出口步行2分钟至清河站，乘坐火车至延庆站。\n \n

\n

\n \n 车次信息如下：\n \n

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\n \n a. 清河站（08:33出发）至延庆站（09:23到达）\n \n

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\n \n 车次：D6703  用时50分，票价：26元-42元\n \n

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\n \n b. 清河站（10:58出发）至延庆站（11:36到达）\n \n

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\n \n 车次：D6705  用时38分，票价：26元-42元\n \n

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\n \n c. 清河站（14:10出发）至延庆站（14:54到达）\n \n

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\n \n 车次：D6719  用时44分，票价：26元-42元\n \n

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\n \n d. 清河站（16:24出发）至延庆站（16:52到达）\n \n

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\n \n 车次：D6707  用时28分，票价：26元-42元\n \n

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\n \n 出站后，可搭乘出租/网约车至凯悦/嘉轩/悦沁酒店，10分钟左右，全程费用50元—70元左右。\n \n

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\n \n 2. 出租/网约车：\n \n

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\n \n （1）市区内各车站或地点，搭乘出租/网约车至凯悦/嘉轩/悦沁酒店，用时1小时15—45分钟，费用220-330元。\n \n

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\n \n （2）首都国际机场搭乘出租/网约车至凯悦/嘉轩/悦沁酒店，用时1小时30分钟—2小时15分钟，费用300-400元。\n \n

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\n \n （3）大兴国际机场搭乘出租/网约车至凯悦/嘉轩/悦沁酒店，用时2小时—3小时，费用450-550元。\n \n

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\n \n 3. 包车接送机：\n \n

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\n \n 市内各车站或地点、两大国际机场，选择包车接送机服务，根据距离不同、车型不同，费用不同。参考价格区间：600-2500元。\n \n

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\n \n 4.八达岭文旅集团可于报到日（9月9日）为乘坐飞机、高铁、火车抵京的参赛单位（各单位参赛人员尽量统一抵达）提供接站至凯悦/嘉轩/悦沁酒店服务。接站服务收费标准如下，费用包含司机费、租车费、高速费、停车费。\n \n

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\n \n （1）北京首都国际机场和北京火车站、南站、西站、北站、丰台站、朝阳站：\n \n

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\n \n 50座车，满40人起，80元/人\n \n

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\n \n 48座车，满40人起，80元/人\n \n

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\n \n 38座车，满30人起，90元/人\n \n

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\n \n 28座车，满20人起，100元/人\n \n

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\n \n 20座车，满15人起，120元/人\n \n

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\n \n （2）北京大兴国际机场：\n \n

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\n \n 50座车，满40人起，90元/人\n \n

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\n \n 48座车，满40人起，90元/人\n \n

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\n \n 38座车，满30人起，100元/人\n \n

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\n \n 28座车，满20人起，110元/人\n \n

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\n \n 20座车，满15人起，160元/人\n \n

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\n \n 八达岭文旅集团联系人：张铁军，手机号码：13601375960\n \n

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\n \n \n 十、其他\n \n \n

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\n \n （一）所有参赛人员参赛期间应自觉遵守赛会纪律，服从赛事组委会的管理。\n \n

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\n \n （二）未尽事宜，另行通知。\n \n

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\n \n \n 附件\n \n （点击\n \n \n 阅读原文\n \n \n 下载）\n \n ：\n \n \n

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\n \n 1.报名表\n \n

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\n \n 2.自愿参赛责任和赛风赛纪承诺书\n \n

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\n \n 中国桥牌协会\n \n

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\n \n 2025年8月12日\n \n

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\n
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/D3oJrQvHDb1F6ts4Q4om_w", - "creator": "中国桥牌协会", - "pubDate": "Tue, 12 Aug 2025 21:17:40 ", - "enclosure": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/71SHwPo8iax4ibe2hibA10pnqVWSRibPY2WkMcawwOgMk1wzZ8xf87WABbibm5t5dcQFWZcC8vZJEbmpprh6vOLmPZQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "enclosureType": "image/jpeg", - "image": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/71SHwPo8iax4ibe2hibA10pnqVWSRibPY2WkMcawwOgMk1wzZ8xf87WABbibm5t5dcQFWZcC8vZJEbmpprh6vOLmPZQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "id": "2651311223_3", - "language": "", - "folder": "桥牌", - "feed": "中国桥牌协会", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "7a62fdfd0ff6318758509da530d235a1", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "陪同爸爸李群：支持孩子坚持学桥牌", "description": "陪同爸爸李群：支持孩子坚持学桥牌", @@ -7806,28 +7564,6 @@ "hash": "47b689fdbe84c49ef04de5e5d5043784", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "2025全国桥牌综合锦标赛首冠产生", - "description": "随缘队的刘硕研/奚元霄组合获得了MP分级双人赛1的第一名", - "content": "
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\n \n \n 8月9日，正在上海汽车会展中心举行的2025年全国桥牌综合锦标赛首冠产生，\n \n 随缘队的刘硕研/奚元霄组合获得了MP分级双人赛1的第一名\n \n 。\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 本届比赛共设22个比赛组别，8月9日下午进行的MP分级双人赛1共有122队244名选手参加，经过七轮共21副牌的比拼，随缘队的刘硕研/奚元霄组合脱颖而出，获得了第一名，富石队的高翔/严琰和千山聚友队的冯华泉/王艳珍分别获得了第二、三名。这是本届比赛结束的首个项目。赛后，国家体育总局棋牌运动管理中心桥牌部主任王艳楠为优胜队伍颁奖。\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 国家体育总局棋牌运动管理中心桥牌部主任王艳楠为获奖队伍颁奖\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 有109支队伍参加的混合团体赛当天上午结束了九轮预赛后，积分排名前32名的队伍晋级淘汰赛，下午1/16淘汰赛进行了两轮共24副的较量，16支队伍闯入1/8淘汰赛。\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 经过两天的较量，有69支队伍参加的青年组团体赛U16公开结束了第一阶段12轮排位赛，十六强队伍悉数产生。\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 有23支队伍参加的青年组团体赛U16女子结束了第一阶段8轮排位赛，八强队伍全部揭晓。\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 8月10日，比赛将迎来第三个比赛日。\n \n \n

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\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/bCLlitbaPUGC5c10EaTR-A", - "creator": "中国桥牌协会", - "pubDate": "Sat, 09 Aug 2025 19:54:42 ", - "enclosure": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/71SHwPo8iax6HgMs5aTrNwZKDSsSStzn2M2KEiaMp1XOSVMnnqEAw9ia9mTBEbpqdn2ZgibVwA7RN5V99wgqQTHQlQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "enclosureType": "image/jpeg", - "image": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/71SHwPo8iax6HgMs5aTrNwZKDSsSStzn2M2KEiaMp1XOSVMnnqEAw9ia9mTBEbpqdn2ZgibVwA7RN5V99wgqQTHQlQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "id": "2651311020_1", - "language": "", - "folder": "桥牌", - "feed": "中国桥牌协会", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "d655c9ced0635c0a875c8645415a3fcf", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "全民健身日全国桥牌通讯赛火热开赛 智慧竞技点亮全民健康新图景", "description": "全民健身日全国桥牌通讯赛火热开赛 智慧竞技点亮全民健康新图景", @@ -7850,28 +7586,6 @@ "hash": "4fa2bc7b6a06a1dfe21d0e5fb1ede549", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "2025年全国桥牌综合锦标赛开赛在即，参赛之余感受上海嘉定独特魅力！", - "description": "2025年全国桥牌综合锦标赛开赛在即，参赛之余感受上海嘉定独特魅力！", - "content": "
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\n \n 2025年全国桥牌综合锦标赛将于8月8日至17日在上海汽车会展中心隆重举行。为让参赛选手在比赛之余充分感受嘉定魅力，上海市嘉定区特别准备了丰厚福利，快来一睹为快吧！\n \n

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\n \n \n 四条特色文旅线路任你选\n \n \n

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\n \n 为了让选手及随行人员在参赛间隙能便捷地畅游嘉定，安亭文旅精心设计了\n \n 四条从赛场上海汽车会展中心出发的半日游线路\n \n ，带各位选手领略不同风貌的嘉定。\n \n

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\n \n \n 01\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 州桥老街半日游\n \n \n

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\n \n 乘车前往嘉定州桥景区，抵达后先前往【嘉定孔庙】，嘉定孔庙自南宋十二年（公元1219年）始建至今，不断修缮和、增扩、重修有百余次。嘉定孔庙以宏伟的规模气势称甲江南，也是上海规模最大的古建筑群，有“吴中第一”的美誉。\n \n

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\n \n 孔庙游玩结束后前往【州桥老街】。国家4A景区，自南宋嘉定十年（1218年）起一直保存下来，在千步之内汇集了宋、元、明、清历代古塔、旧庙、名园而为国内罕见，可谓“嘉定之根”。这里有【法华塔】【顾维钧陈列馆】【胡厥文生平陈列馆】【嘉定竹刻博物馆】等景点和场馆。\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 扫码了解「州桥老街半日游」\n \n \n \n

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\n \n 嘉定孔庙\n \n

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\n \n \n 02\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 南翔半日游\n \n \n

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\n \n 下午出发，乘车前往南翔【古猗园】，上海五大古典园林之一，原名“猗园”，取自《诗经》中的“绿竹猗猗”，园内小桥流水间的亭台楼阁，移步换景，古朴雅致。\n \n

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\n \n 古猗园游玩结束后乘车前往安亭老街参观【南翔老街】，南翔老街坐落于南翔古镇中心区域，规划面积14.34万平方米，是传统的商业区及居民住宅区。经过修缮，现已恢复了清末民初“银南翔”的历史风貌，粉墙黛瓦，屋舍参差林立，大小商铺鳞次栉比，小桥、流水、长廊、画店风韵各存。\n \n

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\n \n \n 扫码了解「南翔半日游」\n \n \n

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\n \n 南翔老街\n \n

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\n \n \n 安亭半日游\n \n \n

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\n \n 下午出发，乘车前往【上海国际赛车场】，嘉定地标性景点之一，由德国设计师设计，赛道形似中文“上”字。是中国唯一的F1一级赛道，自2004年起举办F1中国大奖赛等众多赛事，是国内F1赛车迷的圣地。\n \n

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\n \n 乘车前往参观【安亭老街】。路－桥－街是安亭老街的特色，并且有菩提寺、永安塔和严泗桥等丰富的旅游资源，有菩提钟声、永安朝晖、塔影三桥、树榴花艳、畏垒有光等老街十景。\n \n

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\n \n 参观安亭老街【药斑布传承体验基地】，“药斑布”，俗称蓝印花布，是中国传统的手工印染工艺。相传出于宋嘉定年间，安亭归氏创制了“抹灰药而染青”的染布工艺。2009年安亭药斑布入选上海市非物质文化遗产名录。药斑布的制作工艺主要包括刻版、刮浆、染色、出白晾晒四个步骤。\n \n

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\n \n 登临【永安塔】，永安塔，意为“菩提永久，并祈一方平安。”宝塔六面九层，高56.88米，风铃四垂。粉墙黛瓦，巍峨壮观。塔刹黄铜镀金，塔外廊檐细木雕琢。永安塔自建成起就是安亭老街标志性建筑，与菩提寺、严泗桥、安亭泾遥相呼应，相映成景。永安塔第八层是全塔观景的最佳层面，从这里可以眺望到大半个安亭的风光。\n \n

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\n \n \n 扫码了解「安亭半日游」\n \n \n

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\n \n 上海国际赛车场\n \n

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\n \n \n 嘉定新城&马陆半日游\n \n \n

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\n \n 下午出发，乘车前往马陆，先前往【嘉源海美术馆】参观游玩，嘉源海美术馆是一家坐落于自然村落中的美术馆，由世界著名建筑师安藤忠雄设计。由南、北两个相对独立的长方体建筑构成，北栋是艺术公共区域，南栋为艺术品展陈空间，中间以阶梯广场相连，造就出建筑单体之间错落丰富的层次感。\n \n

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\n \n 后前往【马陆葡萄主题公园】，马陆葡萄为上海名优产品，来到马陆葡萄公园，您可以亲自挑选新鲜可口的葡萄并采摘下来带回家！\n \n

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\n \n 乘车前往嘉定新城，抵达前往【嘉定远香湖】，远香湖是上海西部最大的人工湖，与上海国际赛车场分布于嘉定新城中轴的两端，赛车场的赛道形状是一个“上”字，而远香湖的形状则是个“海”字，从高空俯瞰，呈现出“上”“海”两字。区域内有【上海保利大剧院】【混知书院（远香湖知识馆）】【江南书局·疁城之瞳】众多景点。\n \n

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\n \n 晚上19:00保利大剧院门口集合，观看水景光影秀【一城风雅 我心向往】。演出“一城风雅 我心向往”水景光影秀是由上海保利大剧院特别推出的季节性驻场演出，利用多姿喷泉、绚彩灯光、水幕投影等高端舞美、影音技术，呈现出酣畅淋漓的视听盛宴。\n \n

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\n \n \n 扫码了解「嘉定新城&马陆半日游」\n \n \n

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\n \n 远香湖\n \n

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\n \n \n 凭参赛证享安亭老街专属福利\n \n \n

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\n \n 安亭老街坐落于安亭镇西侧、市河安亭泾两侧，以“路—桥—街”为特色，坐拥菩提寺、永安塔、严泗桥等丰富资源。如今，老街引入“此生必驾318”打卡点、昆曲、银杏等IP，打造AUTO GALLERY汽车文化艺术空间，巧妙融入汽车、药斑布、古银杏等安亭特色元素，韵味与活力并存，参赛选手凭2025年全国桥牌综合锦标赛参赛凭证可享受以下福利：\n \n

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\n \n 1.本人可免费登永安塔一次（免费期间：2025年8月8-17日）；\n \n

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\n \n 2.在安亭文旅商店（安亭街608号）购买BABYCAR文创系列产品可享受9折优惠；\n \n

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\n \n 3.报名两天一夜“上海汽车文旅特色线路”“杏荟宝藏”研学线路可享受9折优惠（活动详情请洽询赛事现场集市商贸区内安亭文旅展位）。\n \n

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\n \n 永安塔\n \n

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\n \n 让我们相约嘉定！在桥牌赛场挥洒智慧与谋略，与全国高手同台竞技；赛事之余，带上参赛证件即可享受多重专属福利，从特色文旅线路到安亭老街优惠，让这场桥牌之旅福利满满，尽情感受嘉定的独特魅力，留下一段难忘的记忆！\n \n

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\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/8Ha3E5itV7utMVTOhTbELg", - "creator": "中国桥牌协会", - "pubDate": "Tue, 05 Aug 2025 19:50:05 ", - "enclosure": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/71SHwPo8iax625ibibMIIzBss3jsaHialJxYiczMIj3cUlPiatme3XxTYpLDARocNkDMbzGsWFg8UK1hbN0QNjourqbQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "enclosureType": "image/jpeg", - "image": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/71SHwPo8iax625ibibMIIzBss3jsaHialJxYiczMIj3cUlPiatme3XxTYpLDARocNkDMbzGsWFg8UK1hbN0QNjourqbQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "id": "2651310878_1", - "language": "", - "folder": "桥牌", - "feed": "中国桥牌协会", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "ef06ee30d39fad6a177388e3354827bb", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "中国桥牌青少年精英赛冠军产生", "description": "北京业之峰队夺得U26组冠军，位育桥牌俱乐部队获得U16组第一名", @@ -8963,28 +8677,6 @@ "hash": "86f09a8c5c6c98da4927830dd271d9ab", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "四进费城——2025年北美夏季桥牌大赛（三）", - "description": "7月28日周一，斯平果尔德杯淘汰赛排位赛展开，88个队争夺进入64赛位的资格，小号种子均存活，没有大的冷门出现。北美大赛进行到周日，共有3429桌参加了比赛，与去年同期的3433.5桌基本持平。", - "content": "
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\n \n \n 新朋友\n \n \n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 点击\n \n \n \n 标兵桥牌\n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n 关注微信\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 点击\n \n \n \n 右上角\n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n 分享本文\n \n \n

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\n \n 斯平果尔德杯第一天，无冷门出现\n \n

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\n \n 7月28日周一，斯平果尔德杯淘汰赛排位赛展开，88个队争夺进入64赛位的资格，根据比赛办法，头号种子卫冕冠军斯特里特队与二号种子齐老板队轮空，3-7号队打二取一的淘汰赛，另外76个队进行四取三的淘汰赛。虽然有不少场次在第一轮有小号种子被击败，但在第二轮过后，大多数的小号种子均存活，没有大的冷门出现。在一场华人队与传奇老将哈曼队的比赛中，加拿大华人干脆利落击败他们的偶像哈曼队，队员们纷纷与哈曼合影，以纪念这一难得的瞬间。\n \n

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\n \n 战胜老哈曼的华人与心中的偶像合影\n \n
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\n \n 北美大赛进行到周日，共有3429桌参加了比赛，与去年同期的3433.5桌基本持平。\n \n

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\n \n 北美夏季大赛每日一牌——如何裁决？\n \n

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\n \n 在我的每日一牌中，基本上都是技术文，很少有涉及到规则和判罚的内容，因为我并不是裁判，对规则也只是一知半解。不过我觉得桥牌比赛中对规则的理解对于一个牌手是非常重要的，对于如何判罚以及怎样保护自己也是很有价值，所以我今天在这里贴一副关于如何裁决的牌例，供国内的专家们以及桥牌爱好者们研究。\n \n

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\n \n 西家是“♠”和♣套，但停在4♥上\n \n
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\n \n 这是2025斯平果尔德杯淘汰赛排位赛中的一副牌，东家开叫强无将，南家争叫2♦表示有一门高花，西家叫2♥，东家提示是转移叫，表示♠，东家叫2♠，然后西家叫3♣，东家3♦，西家再4♣，此时东家想了一会，叫4♥。\n \n

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\n \n 比赛是没有使用屏幕的，东家4♥后，西家选择了Pass。\n \n

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\n \n 因为这一不寻常的叫牌过程，在首攻之前，南北方招请了裁判。裁判了解了叫牌过程后，告知先进行打牌，他们回去研究。\n \n

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\n \n 实战中，东西方的牌如下：\n \n

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\n \n 东西方叫牌误会，如何裁决？\n \n
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\n \n 4♥最后宕三。\n \n

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\n \n 显然，东西方自己搞错了约定，西家2♥是自然叫，东家认为是♠。不过在西家表示了“♠”和♣套后，东家为何在最后选择4♥呢，她有3张♠，而且♥也并不是什么值得扣叫的大牌。实际上，东家在3♣后，叫3♦就有些奇怪了，因为此时西家如果是“♠”和♣套，东家应该叫3♠，现在的3♦应该是否认了3张♠。\n \n

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\n \n 因为是没有使用屏幕的比赛，牌桌上很难说有没有令人难以察觉的信息存在，因为东家提示2♥是转移叫时，西家也是知道的，所以西家已经知道同伴误会了叫牌，而东家一开始虽然没有意识到这一点，但也许在3♣后就感觉到了。\n \n

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\n \n 如果不看东西方的牌，这一叫牌序列前面都是合理的：西家显示了“♠”和♣套，虽然Pass过，但她应该是很怪的两套牌；而东家则显示了没有“♠”支持，并不反对打♣的意愿，最后的4♥，则应该是个非自然叫品，无论她们怎样约定的，最终4♥成为最后定约，则是不正常的。\n \n

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\n \n 裁判最终判罚这副牌牌桌结果（4♥宕三）成立，各位专业人士以及桥友们，你们觉得这一裁决合理吗？\n \n

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\n \n \n 往期推荐\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 四进费城——2025年北美夏季桥牌大赛（二）\n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 四进费城——2025年北美夏季桥牌大赛\n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 2024年北美夏季大赛每日一牌——安全打法要牢记\n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 七年相约多伦多——2024年北美夏季桥牌大赛（九）\n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 七年相约多伦多——2024年北美夏季桥牌大赛（八）\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 七年相约多伦多——2024年北美夏季桥牌大赛（七）\n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 七年相约多伦多——2024年北美夏季桥牌大赛（六）\n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 七年相约多伦多——2024年北美夏季桥牌大赛（五）\n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 七年相约多伦多——2024年北美夏季桥牌大赛（四）\n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 七年相约多伦多——2024年北美夏季桥牌大赛（三）\n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 七年相约多伦多——2024年北美夏季桥牌大赛（二）\n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 七年相约多伦多——2024年北美夏季桥牌大赛\n \n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 风城之约——北美夏季大赛结束，弗老板获得斯平果尔德杯冠军\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 风城之约——芝加哥北美夏季大赛\n \n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n \n 相关链接：\n \n 天佑榄城——三年再逢夏季赛\n \n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n Let`s Roll——Las Vegas再迎夏季赛\n \n \n

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\n \n \n Let`s Roll——Las Vegas再迎夏季赛（二）\n \n \n

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\n \n \n Let`s Roll——Las Vegas再迎夏季赛（三）\n \n \n

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\n \n \n Let`s Roll——Las Vegas再迎夏季赛（四）\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 别忘了点个在看哦！转发那就太好了！\n \n \n

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\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/vBLgfTKogyGd6LxuhmD5UA", - "creator": "标兵桥牌", - "pubDate": "Tue, 29 Jul 2025 12:00:00 ", - "enclosure": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/iauJ3TcMNYDSw9tVttfrJ3JKwexCYYiacjiadz8guJdewotdVU3LIarvn8yLEKIO2lSabW8hic8FvxKxarwAS2jHMg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "enclosureType": "image/jpeg", - "image": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/iauJ3TcMNYDSw9tVttfrJ3JKwexCYYiacjiadz8guJdewotdVU3LIarvn8yLEKIO2lSabW8hic8FvxKxarwAS2jHMg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "id": "2247512736_1", - "language": "", - "folder": "桥牌", - "feed": "标兵桥牌", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "f7ed9f23aa9aa32cb0312ddce21f208c", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "当舒柏林遇见舒柏林", "description": "荷兰小将是舒柏林巴司机的晚辈，各种技巧自然也学得滚瓜纯属，德莱昂在单方无局第三家，觉得开叫3♥没什么用，于是祭起了舒柏林的独门法宝，没想到舒柏林遇见舒柏林，马上被舒柏林识破，可惜的是舒柏林没能完成3NT，他还是失败了。", @@ -9007,28 +8699,6 @@ "hash": "5e7f7ba8baf49614c379c8f6b16dd620", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "世界桥联公布2024年大师分排行榜", - "description": "2024年底，世界桥联公布了世界桥牌运动会结束后世界桥联大师分的排行榜。牌坛奇人齐老板仍然领跑公开组，这已经是他自从2021年登顶之后，连续第四年蝉联世界桥联大师分第一人的宝座了。女子排行榜、老年排行榜、混合排行榜的榜首也各有其主。", - "content": "
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\n \n \n 新朋友\n \n \n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 点击\n \n \n \n 标兵桥牌\n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n 关注微信\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 老朋友\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 点击\n \n \n \n 右上角\n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n 分享本文\n \n \n

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\n \n 2024年底，世界桥联公布了世界桥牌运动会结束后世界桥联大师分的排行榜。\n \n

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\n \n 牌坛奇人齐老板仍然领跑公开组，这已经是他自从2021年登顶之后，连续第四年蝉联世界桥联大师分第一人的宝座了。女子大师分排行榜、老年大师分排行榜、混合大师分排行榜的榜首，分别是瑞典、丹麦、法国牌手。\n \n

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\n \n 下面是公开组前40名牌手的排名：\n \n

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\n \n 2024年世界桥联公开组大师分排行榜\n \n
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\n \n 我们能够看到，排在前六名的是齐刷刷的瑞士队牌手，其中齐老板高居第一，超过了第二名卡酷司机近500分，相当于一个世界季军的名次差距。最晚加入瑞士队的诺沃萨德茨基分数最低，但也比第7名的海尔格莫多了100多分。\n \n

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\n \n 瑞士大鳄从2021年开始在世界牌坛的兴风作浪，先后拿到了2022年、2023年百慕大杯冠军，2024年世界桥牌运动会季军，年年登上世界锦标赛的领奖台，大师分增值无人能比。\n \n

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\n \n 瑞士队之后的排名相对分散，原因是这些牌手无法在世界比赛中集中火力，形成统一团队竞争。\n \n

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\n \n 其中小海借助早年在摩纳哥队的成绩，加上近年代表挪威，还有去年世界桥牌运动会跨国团体赛的冠军，得以领跑除瑞士团队的世界牌手。\n \n

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\n \n 小海之下，是波兰队的新科世界冠军布雷茨排在第8名，布雷茨在阿根廷拿到了世界桥牌运动会冠军后，加上他2019年百慕大杯冠军、2022年世界桥牌双人赛冠军，他已经成为波兰唯一的大三冠成员，波兰牌手即使强如加夫雷西、卡利塔、卡酷司机，也没有拿到3种世界冠军的牌手。\n \n

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\n \n 再往下排名，是第9名和第12名意大利的韦尔萨切与塞门塔。自从劳爷退休后，“小沃”的发小塞门塔成为他的新搭档，两人很快进入状态，成为意大利队的新台柱，先后拿下2023年百慕大杯季军和2024年世界桥牌运动会亚军，也在世界桥联世界桥牌巡回赛的积分榜上连续两年排名第一。\n \n

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\n \n 插在两位意大利牌手中间的是荷兰明星穆勒和魏斯，他们虽然从2024年开始退出了荷兰国家队，但凭借2019年、2022年百慕大杯的亚军、2022年欧锦赛冠军等成绩，仍然领跑荷兰牌手。不过老穆勒与魏斯的状态从2023年开始急剧下滑，已有逐步退出世界级牌手的趋势，最近他们参加了中国的A类俱乐部联赛。\n \n

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\n \n 美国的莫斯排在12名，超过了14名和15名的尼老板与搭档凯茨，波兰老将加夫雷西退出瑞士队后，仍然依靠此前的积累，排在第13名。\n \n

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\n \n 新西兰的威布利（Michael Whibley）占据了第一页的位置，他排在第17名，是亚太地区排名最高的牌手，得益于新西兰最近不错的成绩，以及去年世界桥牌运动会跨国团体赛的亚军。\n \n

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\n \n 在第一页位置的，多数是2024年世界桥牌运动会成绩不错的牌手。\n \n

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\n \n 中国牌手排名最高的是现役国家队队员连勇，他以971.75分排在第81名，刚好超过劳爷1.05分。\n \n

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\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 世界桥联大师分排行榜齐老板遥遥领先\n \n \n

\n

\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 世界桥联公报最新大师分、齐老板坐稳世界第一\n \n \n

\n

\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 世界桥联最新大师分排行榜、摩纳哥众将排名靠前\n \n \n

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\n \n 相关链接：\n \n 世界桥联公布最新大师分、Helgemo登顶世界第一人\n \n \n

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\n \n 往期推荐\n \n

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\n \n \n 世界桥联大师分介绍及排行榜解读\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 世界桥联大师分介绍及排行榜解读（二）男子特级大师排行榜解读\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 世界桥联大师分介绍及排行榜解读（三）世界桥联女子及中国牌手排行榜\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 世界桥联大师分介绍及排行榜解读（四）世界桥联大师分政策和等级制度的变迁对中国牌手的影响\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 一览众山小——齐老板登顶世界第一之路\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 一览众山小——齐老板登顶世界第一之路（二）\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 一览众山小——齐老板登顶世界第一之路 （续完）\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 别忘了点个在看哦！转发那就太好了！\n \n \n

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\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/i8ozGVJzORLNLKLSgY9RYg", - "creator": "标兵桥牌", - "pubDate": "Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 ", - "enclosure": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/iauJ3TcMNYDSibjfuNWY4LAB2pN77qbPPaynicibuLW2nEp8bqVrvuouOCgYlbWfciaLXGkM5VzZpZdpb8Z3HAAS28A/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "enclosureType": "image/jpeg", - "image": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/iauJ3TcMNYDSibjfuNWY4LAB2pN77qbPPaynicibuLW2nEp8bqVrvuouOCgYlbWfciaLXGkM5VzZpZdpb8Z3HAAS28A/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "id": "2247512614_1", - "language": "", - "folder": "桥牌", - "feed": "标兵桥牌", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "d493b9eff95dc7208df749197028ae29", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "亚太赛每日一牌回顾：心中有挡、无将不慌", "description": "亚太锦标赛结束了，中国男队夺得冠军，在比赛期间所写的“每日一牌”，比赛期间并没有发出，从今天开始，给桥友们提供迟到的每日一牌。", @@ -11550,28 +11220,6 @@ "hash": "626852b7baf8dde00854031b981b5f2c", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "长郡芙蓉中学2025年阳光暑假告家长书", - "description": "为了让孩子度过一个快乐和谐、文明安全而有意义的暑假，引导孩子合理计划和安排假期生活,现将暑假活动及新学期开学的有关安排告知如下：", - "content": "
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\n \n \n 阳光暑假告家长书\n \n \n

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\n \n 尊敬的家长：\n \n

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\n \n 在您的关心和大力支持下，我们顺利完成了本学期的各项教育教学工作，在此向您致以衷心的感谢！为了让孩子度过一个快乐和谐、文明安全而有意义的暑假，引导孩子合理计划和安排假期生活,现将暑假活动及新学期开学的有关安排告知如下：\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 一、暑\n \n \n \n \n \n \n 假开始时间： 2025年7月2日   下期报到时间：2025年8月31日\n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n \n 二、暑假注意事项和活动安排\n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n \n （一）假期安全提醒\n \n \n \n

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\n \n 暑假期间，青少年溺水、交通事故等安全问题易发多发，为了保障孩子们度过一个安全、健康、充实、快乐而有意义的假期，希望家长能切实承担起监护职责，加强对孩子假期生活的关心与指导。现将暑假安全注意事项温馨提示如下：\n \n

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\n \n \n \n （二）假期活动建议：\n \n \n \n

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\n \n 为丰富学生假期生活，充分发挥学生的积极性，提高学生综合素质，结合我校实际，教育处、团委作出如下安排，请家长督促学生积极参与，认真完成。具体事项如下：\n \n

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\n \n 1.确保孩子充足睡眠时间，初中生应达到9小时。注意养成用眼好习惯，保护好视力；教育孩子生活有规律，适度体育锻炼，提高免疫力。鼓励孩子适度分担家务，做力所能及的事，学会做家庭生活的小主人。\n \n

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\n \n 2.积极参与体育锻炼。建议家长对体育中考项目跳绳、引体向上、仰卧起坐、排球等早做准备。（详见年级组相关安排）\n \n

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\n \n 3.按要求完成相关社会实践、志愿服务活动（见长沙市长郡芙蓉中学2025年“阳光暑假”活动安排表），填写好电子版活动登记表（电子表请在班级QQ群下载）。\n \n

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\n \n 4.“人人通”综合素质评价材料上传遴选工作\n \n

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\n \n 登录激活、完成微信关注，按照人人通常规工作要求上传学生相关成长记录，（如集体荣誉、班级的学习荣誉、艺术作品、体育锻炼实证等）\n \n

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\n \n 具体上传内容和要求如下：\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 思想品德类：\n \n \n \n

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\n \n 个人获得校级及以上奖励的原始证据（图片）。要求:每学期在思想品德方面获得的最高奖项证书，毕业学期遴选1份初中阶段最高奖项证书。(学期材料可以0或1份，毕业材料要求1份)\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 学业水平类：\n \n \n \n

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\n \n 个人在教育行政部门认可的学科竞赛活动中获得校级及以上荣誉的原始证据(学生上传图片或证书系统推送遴选)。要求:校级及以上教育部门认可学科竞赛活动的最高获奖证书。(学期材料可以0或1份，毕业材料要求1份)\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 身心健康类：\n \n \n \n

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\n \n 个人在体育和心理健康活动中获得校级及以上荣誉的原始证据(学生上传图片或证书系统推送遴选)。要求:校级及以上的获奖证书。(学期材料可以0-3份，毕业材料至少1份，最多3份)\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 艺术素养类：\n \n \n \n

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\n \n 个人在艺术活动中获得校级及以上荣誉的原始证据(学生上传图片或证书系统推送遴选)。要求:校级及以上教育部门认可的艺术类活动获奖证书。(学期材料可以0-3份，毕业材料至少1份，最多3份)\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 劳动与社会实践类：\n \n \n \n

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\n \n 研究性学习成果或创新性成果(学生上传或证书系统推送遴选)。要求:校级及以上研究性学习成果、创新性成果或相关获奖证书等。(学期材料可以0-3份，毕业材料至少1份，最多3份)\n \n

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\n \n 5.劳逸结合，按质按量完成学科书面暑假作业（见各年级作业安排）。\n \n

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\n \n \n “阳光暑假”社会实践活动指南\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 活动项目：\n \n \n

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\n \n \n \n 1.关爱他人、关爱社会、关爱自然\n \n \n \n

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\n \n ①开展以空巢老人、留守儿童、困境儿童等为重点的关爱行动及“雷锋家乡学雷锋”志愿服务活动；\n \n

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\n \n ②开展环境保护、卫生清扫、垃圾分类宣传等志愿服务活动等。\n \n

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\n \n ③通过人人通账号登陆长沙教育服务平台，在线报名参加图书馆、博物馆、规划馆等举行的社会实践活动。\n \n

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\n \n 参与对象：集体或个人开展\n \n

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\n \n 材料提交要求：各班可在“三关爱”中3选1进行开展。\n \n

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\n \n ①集体活动材料请打包，内含：班级活动方案、优质照片、总结、活动记录表等。（20人以上算集体活动）\n \n

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\n \n ②个人活动材料提交：活动记录表、照片等，均用word文档提交。\n \n

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\n \n 若未开展集体活动，则每班最多提交6份不同样的个人材料。\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 2.青春不唱“毒”角戏——第四届长沙市青少年禁毒宣传教育活动\n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n 活动时间：\n \n \n \n 2025年7-8月\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 参与对象：\n \n \n \n \n 班级、学生自愿参与\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 活动地点：\n \n \n \n \n 芙蓉区禁毒教育基地（导航至芙蓉区图书馆新馆）\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 材料提交要求：\n \n \n \n

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\n \n ①集体活动材料请打包，内含：班级活动方案、优质照片、总结、活动记录表等。（20人以上算集体活动）\n \n

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\n \n ②个人活动材料提交：活动记录表、照片等，均用word文档提交。\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 3.“勿忘国耻，立志报国”书法书画作品征集\n \n \n \n

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\n \n (纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年）\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 参与对象：\n \n \n \n \n 学生自愿参加\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 材料提交要求：\n \n \n \n

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\n \n 此项活动为个人参赛，学校颁发奖状，不进入班级评分。\n \n

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\n \n ①书法要求：硬笔尺幅为A4，毛笔尺幅为四尺对开竖幅，水墨书画尺幅四尺整张竖幅。硬笔、毛笔书法内容聚焦红色经典语句节选、党史国史权威读物节选、原创爱国感言。\n \n

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\n \n ②水墨书画要求：内容聚焦抗战历史与抗战精神‌、祖国美好河山与爱国主义精神。\n \n

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\n \n 提交方式：硬笔书法、毛笔书法、水墨书画作品扫描件请于2025年7月20日前，提交至邮箱3022284151@qq.com  请在邮件内注明学生姓名、作品名称、学校班级、联系方式，请大家保存原件，开学后收集。\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 4.寻访红色基因活动、打卡红色场馆\n \n \n \n

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\n \n 推荐红色游学路线：橘子洲、中国共产党长沙历史馆、新民学会旧址、何叔衡故居、湖南雷锋纪念馆等。\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 参与对象：\n \n \n \n \n 建议共青团员、入团积极分子参加，各班可集体或个人开展。\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 材料提交要求：\n \n \n \n

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\n \n ①集体活动材料请打包，内含：方案、优质照片、总结、活动记录表、新闻稿件等。\n \n

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\n \n ②个人活动材料提交：活动记录表、照片等，全部用word文档提交。\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 5.假日“趣”阅读，书香伴成长\n \n \n \n

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\n \n 阅读一本好书，共度书香假期。书写读后感一篇，以“红色”书刊、“红色”文章为阅读重点。\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 参与对象：\n \n \n \n \n 自愿参与\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 材料提交要求：\n \n \n \n

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\n \n 每班只要提交1篇读后感， 600字以上，提交word电子文档。\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 6.家庭亲子伴“读”\n \n \n \n

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\n \n 鼓励家庭全员阅读，提倡每月亲子共读一本好书。\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 参与对象：\n \n \n \n \n 学生自愿参与\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 材料提交要求：\n \n \n \n

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\n \n 每班上交2份亲子阅读活动记录表，内含照片，提交word电子文档。\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 7.“科创逐梦  科学铸魂”科学家精神主题场馆观展活动\n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n \n 参与对象：\n \n \n \n \n 各班可集体或个人开展。\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 材料提交要求：\n \n \n \n \n ①集体活动材料请打包，内含：方案、优质照片、总结、活动记录表、新闻稿件等。\n \n

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\n \n ②个人活动材料提交：活动记录表、照片等，全部用word文档提交。\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 8.科创小发明、科创小论文征集活动\n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n \n 参与对象：\n \n \n \n \n 学生积极参加\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 材料提交要求：\n \n \n \n \n 开学第一周将作品交至学校科创中心陈老师。\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 9.健康达人我先行\n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n \n 参与对象：\n \n \n \n \n 鼓励全员参与\n \n

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\n \n 请按照年级组安排的锻炼计划执行。\n \n

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\n \n 暑假挥汗不躺平，球场跃动展豪情，每日运动强体魄，青春飞扬向未来！\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 温馨提示：\n \n \n \n

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\n \n 1.假期开展的活动，请完整保留好过程性材料，并及时将材料上传至人人通，可作为综合素质测评的重要资料。\n \n

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\n \n 2.开学将在班主任会、班干部会上明确材料提交要求和加分说明，请各班预先按上述表格中的要求，以班为单位汇总提交，保证上交材料的质量和数量，数量达标即可，不是越多越好。\n \n

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\n \n 3.活动记录表电子版可以在班级群或者学校官微新闻中下载，所有实践记录、照片、征文全部使用word电子稿上交，不收扫描版资料，不能把实践记录表拍成照片上交，绘画作品一律收纸质原作。\n \n

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\n \n 4.在开展各类活动时，一定记住安全第一！\n \n

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\n \n 2025阳光暑假学生实践活动附件\n \n

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\n \n 来源：教育处 团委\n \n

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\n \n 通讯员：曹勋 周游\n \n

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\n \n 编辑：胡昕玥\n \n

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\n \n 初审： 贺丽娜 周露\n \n

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\n \n 二审：黎学科\n \n

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\n \n 三审：孔妹平 夏琴\n \n

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\n
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/MY0QKO0ndFl1Md65uexhrA", - "creator": "长沙市长郡芙蓉中学", - "pubDate": "Thu, 03 Jul 2025 16:28:45 ", - "enclosure": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/IiauGwUia8SMP1qlLSoC8OfuviaX0CcMTwINEABKNnlVg2vTc1apdFhfPWVOTU4ITZT2xFkicAvGBXOf4du6hrVYsw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "enclosureType": "image/jpeg", - "image": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/IiauGwUia8SMP1qlLSoC8OfuviaX0CcMTwINEABKNnlVg2vTc1apdFhfPWVOTU4ITZT2xFkicAvGBXOf4du6hrVYsw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "id": "2247603245_1", - "language": "", - "folder": "资讯", - "feed": "长郡芙蓉中学", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "ff83604b08274ebd484a18bdb06cf4db", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "校园菜谱丨长郡芙蓉中学餐厅营养餐第二十周食谱", "description": "以生为本，全天候的陪伴，让安全、健康成为校园最坚实的底色。", @@ -11594,28 +11242,6 @@ "hash": "5ae83a631db81ae65c3b456f482f9d17", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "校园菜谱丨长郡芙蓉中学餐厅营养餐第十八周食谱", - "description": "以生为本，全天候的陪伴，让安全、健康成为校园最坚实的底色。", - "content": "
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\n \n \n 长郡芙蓉中学\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 第十八周营养菜谱\n \n \n

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\n \n \n \n 6.09-6.15\n \n \n \n

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\n \n 为了保证学生吃得健康、营养均衡，学校根据“学生餐营养指南”“中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量”等标准科学制定每周“带量食谱”，详细规划每餐各类食物的种类和数量。\n \n

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\n \n \n 星期一菜谱\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 星期二菜谱\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 星期三菜谱\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 星期四菜谱\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 星期五菜谱\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 倾情守护\n \n \n

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\n \n 学校领导和后勤人员始终将学生的健康与安全放在首位，用无微不至的关怀筑起校园温暖的防线。\n \n

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\n \n \n 我们的日常剪影\n \n \n

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\n \n 每天清晨，后勤人员严格把关食材验收，确保每一份餐品的安全与营养；就餐时分，校领导走进食堂与学生们同桌同餐，亲切询问饭菜口味，倾听学子心声。从食堂明厨亮灶的全程监督，到校园角落的定期安全排查，他们以生为本，全天候的陪伴，让安全、健康成为校园最坚实的底色。\n \n

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\n \n \n 营养配比\n \n \n

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\n \n 来源：总务处\n \n \n
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\n \n 通讯员：刘毅 周露\n \n

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\n \n 编辑：周露\n \n

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\n \n 初审：欧滔 贺丽娜 周露\n \n

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\n \n 二审：黎学科\n \n

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\n \n 三审：孔妹平 夏琴\n \n

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\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/JLMwvPz2fjPOkD26o4Lecg", - "creator": "长沙市长郡芙蓉中学", - "pubDate": "Sun, 08 Jun 2025 11:59:14 ", - "enclosure": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/IiauGwUia8SMMopjzkdnyKpXdZowLxAo7CLhiakicdur1QNcDCkSHaLDwb6XumoViau6LyNoPlvnmoIMw03lEGXZiaGA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "enclosureType": "image/jpeg", - "image": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/IiauGwUia8SMMopjzkdnyKpXdZowLxAo7CLhiakicdur1QNcDCkSHaLDwb6XumoViau6LyNoPlvnmoIMw03lEGXZiaGA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "id": "2247601591_1", - "language": "", - "folder": "资讯", - "feed": "长郡芙蓉中学", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "a427461dd8cfcf52159fca59d617a3a3", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "综锦赛练兵 中国老年队世锦赛争创佳绩", "description": "​", @@ -16460,28 +16086,6 @@ "hash": "b2ba7615ea76a0fee1a3212e0c63f7bd", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "004CHINA - Threat of floods remains after peak season ends", - "description": "

China faces continued flood risks even though the peak flood season has ended, the Ministry of Water Resources said on Monday, warning that the possibility of extreme weather events remains.

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The peak typically runs from July 16 to Aug 15, according to the ministry.

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China Central Television reported that the ministry said above-average rainfall is expected nationwide through the end of August and September. Typhoons may form in the northwest Pacific Ocean and South China Sea, with some making landfall or affecting China.

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On Tuesday, the National Meteorological Center issued a blue alert for heavy rain, the lowest level in its four-tier warning system.

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The center forecast that through Saturday, a mix of warm, moist air and cold air will bring scattered showers and thunderstorms to northern China, along with strong winds and hail.

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"From Wednesday to Friday, the intense and localized nature of the precipitation raises the risk of small-scale severe rainfall," said Xu Jun, the center's chief forecaster.

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The likelihood of flash flooding is particularly high in parts of Shanxi, Qinghai and Gansu provinces, Xu added.

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The State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters on Tuesday initiated a Level IV emergency response, the lowest level, for flood control in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Two working groups were dispatched to Hebei province and Beijing to assist and guide flood prevention efforts.

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During the peak season this year, scattered torrential rains and flooding occurred simultaneously across the country, which the ministry described as extreme and highly destructive.

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A total of 330 rivers nationwide saw water levels exceed warning thresholds, and 22 rivers experienced their largest floods on record, the ministry said.

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From July 23 to 29, Liudaohe town in Hebei province's Xinglong county and Dachengzi town in Beijing's Miyun district recorded rainfall totals nearing their annual averages, said Yao Wenguang, head of the ministry's department of flood and drought disaster prevention, according to Xinhua News Agency.

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He was quoted by CCTV as saying the overall flood situation has been more severe in northern China than in the south. In July, the Haihe River Basin saw regional major flooding, with rivers such as Beijing's Chaobai River and Tianjin's Jiyun River tributary recording their largest floods since measurements began.

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In response, the ministry used advanced forecasting technologies, issuing more than 170,000 flood forecasts and managing about 1,300 reservoirs, which helped more than 1 million people avoid having to relocate, Xinhua reported.

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lihongyang@chinadaily.com.cn

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", - "content": "

China faces continued flood risks even though the peak flood season has ended, the Ministry of Water Resources said on Monday, warning that the possibility of extreme weather events remains.

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The peak typically runs from July 16 to Aug 15, according to the ministry.

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China Central Television reported that the ministry said above-average rainfall is expected nationwide through the end of August and September. Typhoons may form in the northwest Pacific Ocean and South China Sea, with some making landfall or affecting China.

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On Tuesday, the National Meteorological Center issued a blue alert for heavy rain, the lowest level in its four-tier warning system.

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The center forecast that through Saturday, a mix of warm, moist air and cold air will bring scattered showers and thunderstorms to northern China, along with strong winds and hail.

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"From Wednesday to Friday, the intense and localized nature of the precipitation raises the risk of small-scale severe rainfall," said Xu Jun, the center's chief forecaster.

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The likelihood of flash flooding is particularly high in parts of Shanxi, Qinghai and Gansu provinces, Xu added.

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The State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters on Tuesday initiated a Level IV emergency response, the lowest level, for flood control in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Two working groups were dispatched to Hebei province and Beijing to assist and guide flood prevention efforts.

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During the peak season this year, scattered torrential rains and flooding occurred simultaneously across the country, which the ministry described as extreme and highly destructive.

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A total of 330 rivers nationwide saw water levels exceed warning thresholds, and 22 rivers experienced their largest floods on record, the ministry said.

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From July 23 to 29, Liudaohe town in Hebei province's Xinglong county and Dachengzi town in Beijing's Miyun district recorded rainfall totals nearing their annual averages, said Yao Wenguang, head of the ministry's department of flood and drought disaster prevention, according to Xinhua News Agency.

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He was quoted by CCTV as saying the overall flood situation has been more severe in northern China than in the south. In July, the Haihe River Basin saw regional major flooding, with rivers such as Beijing's Chaobai River and Tianjin's Jiyun River tributary recording their largest floods since measurements began.

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In response, the ministry used advanced forecasting technologies, issuing more than 170,000 flood forecasts and managing about 1,300 reservoirs, which helped more than 1 million people avoid having to relocate, Xinhua reported.

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lihongyang@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/20/content_004_68a4ea6ded50ccabe1517cf1.htm#004CHINA", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Wed, 20 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "54a176056353337f0d0e8eaf0ed33795", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "005CHINA - Chinese rocket carries innovative Mexican satellites into orbit", "description": "

Kinetica 1 rocket launches seven satellites into orbit on Tuesday.

\n

CAS Space, a Beijing-based commercial rocket maker, launched the eighth rocket in its Kinetica 1 series on Tuesday afternoon, transporting seven satellites, including a pair built in Mexico, into space.

\n

The rocket lifted off at 3:33 pm from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China's Gobi Desert and then placed the payloads — a synthetic aperture radar satellite, an Earth-observation satellite and five experimental satellites — into their preset orbit, the company said in a statement.

\n

Among the hardware launched are the mini ThumbSat-1 and ThumbSat-2 satellites. Weighing about 100 grams each, they were designed and built by private Mexican company ThumbSat and have very simple tasks, the company said.

\n

"ThumbSat-1 carries a selfie payload, aiming to capture its own mirror-selfie in orbit. ThumbSat-2 carries an artistic payload, merging science and creativity, reminding us that exploration is not only about data but also about expression," it said on its website.

\n

It added that the mission was made possible through close collaboration between CAS Space and ThumbSat, as their engineers together designed a specialized satellite deployer.

\n

In addition, ThumbSat stated that it will set up ground-receiving stations across Mexico to enable students and space fans to use antennas and software for free to "track signals from orbit and take part in a mission that crosses borders and disciplines".

\n

In its statement, CAS Space said that, "As a groundbreaking cooperation between China and Mexico in the field of satellite development and service, this project marks a milestone breakthrough for China's space industry in the North American commercial space market."

\n

The Chinese company said the project's success will strengthen the bond of Sino-Mexican scientific and technological cooperation and will make important contributions to "building a fair, open and inclusive system for international space cooperation".

\n

Hu Xiaowei, project manager of the Kinetica 1 model, said that Tuesday's launch has once again highlighted the rocket's reliability.

\n

"By now, CAS Space has used our Kinetica 1 rockets to help clients deploy 70 satellites with a combined weight of more than 7 (metric) tons. We are No 1 in terms of business share in China's commercial launch market, and the Kinetica 1 still holds the domestic record of most satellites launched by a commercial rocket," he said, stating that Kinetica 1 is the "most suitable choice" for launching small and mid-size satellites.

\n

Tuesday's launch was not the first time Kinetica 1 carried satellites for foreign clients.

\n

In its fifth flight in November last year, the rocket placed 15 satellites into their preset orbit, including the IRSS-1 that was designed and built by the China Academy of Space Technology for the Omani space industry startup Oman Lens.

\n

It marked the first time that a Chinese commercial space company had launched any satellite for a foreign client, and also the first time that an Omani satellite had been successfully put into orbit.

\n

"We can arrange a launch mission in a flexible and rapid manner, and that means we are able to efficiently respond to clients' urgent orders. Besides, compared with similar rocket models on the international market, ours features an attractive price and a very high accuracy of orbital deployment," said Meng Xiangfu, deputy manager of the Kinetica 1 project.

\n

Formerly known as ZK 1A, the Kinetica 1 model has a length of 30 meters, a diameter of 2.65 meters, and a liftoff weight of 135 tons. It is capable of deploying satellites with a combined weight of 1.5 tons to a typical sun-synchronous orbit about 500 kilometers above Earth.

\n

zhaolei@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", @@ -16504,28 +16108,6 @@ "hash": "81ead1d2414774e79640d9392672df4e", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "008COMMENT - No simple solution to crisis, but still better to talk than to fight", - "description": "

Although everyone seemed to keep the mood delicately cordial during the marathon meetings at the White House on Monday to keep the focus on the collective goal of ending the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the disagreement between the United States and its European allies on how the goal should be realized remains.

\n

NATO chief Mark Rutte told Fox News that potential swaps of Ukrainian territory were not discussed. Yet, the issue was believed to be a focus of the discussions. An image posted by a senior White House official on Monday showed US President Donald Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky standing in front of a map of Ukraine showing the areas occupied by Russian forces.

\n

Trump has said it was up to Ukraine to determine the issue of potential territorial concessions as part of any peace deal, although he has at times indicated the need for "land swaps".

\n

That the US president announced he is arranging a trilateral meeting between Russian President Vladimir Putin, Zelensky and himself implies that Ukraine and the European countries might have been pressured to soften their stance on territory, as well as a ceasefire that they once took as a requisite for any talks.

\n

An indication of that came when Zelensky told the media "I hope that we will find decisions and what is very important that all the sensitive things, territorial, etc, we will discuss on the level of leaders during trilateral meeting". Previously, he had stressed that territory is nonnegotiable.

\n

"I can't imagine that the next meeting would take place without a ceasefire," German Chancellor Friedrich Merz said during a roundtable discussion. But the US president said it was not a prerequisite. "We're going to let the president go over and talk to the president, and we'll see how that works out," Trump responded to Merz. "In the six wars that I've settled, I haven't had a ceasefire. We just got into negotiations."

\n

That a trilateral meeting was being arranged after agreeing to include the territorial issue in future discussions indicates that both Ukraine and its European allies accept that a ceasefire is no longer a requisite for negotiations.

\n

Although he said "The idea of trilateral meeting is very important, because this is the only way to fix it", French President Emmanuel Macron stressed that another summit should not only feature the three presidents — Zelensky, Putin and Trump — but also top European leaders, indicating the European countries' disenchantment at being excluded from the table. But that seems to be where the US-brokered peace process leads to.

\n

The main concrete result from Monday's meetings is Washington's promise to give Ukraine "NATO Article 5-like protection" as a security guarantee to bring an end to the conflict. US special envoy Steve Witkoff said on Sunday that Moscow has agreed to this arrangement.

\n

North Atlantic Treaty Organization's Article 5 says that "if a NATO Ally is the victim of an armed attack, each and every other member of the Alliance will consider this act of violence as an armed attack against all members and will take the actions it deems necessary to assist the Ally attacked".

\n

Ukraine has also said it wants any peace deal to include guarantees that Russia will never launch such a "special military operation" in the future.

\n

In other words, following the loss of lives, land and mineral resources, what Ukraine, with the full support of its European allies, will probably secure at last is the "security guarantees" of Washington and Moscow.

\n

While the path to resolving the Russia-Ukraine conflict remains complex and filled with disagreements, it is clear that dialogue and negotiation offer the most viable route forward. Talking — even when difficult — is far preferable to confrontation.

\n

", - "content": "

Although everyone seemed to keep the mood delicately cordial during the marathon meetings at the White House on Monday to keep the focus on the collective goal of ending the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the disagreement between the United States and its European allies on how the goal should be realized remains.

\n

NATO chief Mark Rutte told Fox News that potential swaps of Ukrainian territory were not discussed. Yet, the issue was believed to be a focus of the discussions. An image posted by a senior White House official on Monday showed US President Donald Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky standing in front of a map of Ukraine showing the areas occupied by Russian forces.

\n

Trump has said it was up to Ukraine to determine the issue of potential territorial concessions as part of any peace deal, although he has at times indicated the need for "land swaps".

\n

That the US president announced he is arranging a trilateral meeting between Russian President Vladimir Putin, Zelensky and himself implies that Ukraine and the European countries might have been pressured to soften their stance on territory, as well as a ceasefire that they once took as a requisite for any talks.

\n

An indication of that came when Zelensky told the media "I hope that we will find decisions and what is very important that all the sensitive things, territorial, etc, we will discuss on the level of leaders during trilateral meeting". Previously, he had stressed that territory is nonnegotiable.

\n

"I can't imagine that the next meeting would take place without a ceasefire," German Chancellor Friedrich Merz said during a roundtable discussion. But the US president said it was not a prerequisite. "We're going to let the president go over and talk to the president, and we'll see how that works out," Trump responded to Merz. "In the six wars that I've settled, I haven't had a ceasefire. We just got into negotiations."

\n

That a trilateral meeting was being arranged after agreeing to include the territorial issue in future discussions indicates that both Ukraine and its European allies accept that a ceasefire is no longer a requisite for negotiations.

\n

Although he said "The idea of trilateral meeting is very important, because this is the only way to fix it", French President Emmanuel Macron stressed that another summit should not only feature the three presidents — Zelensky, Putin and Trump — but also top European leaders, indicating the European countries' disenchantment at being excluded from the table. But that seems to be where the US-brokered peace process leads to.

\n

The main concrete result from Monday's meetings is Washington's promise to give Ukraine "NATO Article 5-like protection" as a security guarantee to bring an end to the conflict. US special envoy Steve Witkoff said on Sunday that Moscow has agreed to this arrangement.

\n

North Atlantic Treaty Organization's Article 5 says that "if a NATO Ally is the victim of an armed attack, each and every other member of the Alliance will consider this act of violence as an armed attack against all members and will take the actions it deems necessary to assist the Ally attacked".

\n

Ukraine has also said it wants any peace deal to include guarantees that Russia will never launch such a "special military operation" in the future.

\n

In other words, following the loss of lives, land and mineral resources, what Ukraine, with the full support of its European allies, will probably secure at last is the "security guarantees" of Washington and Moscow.

\n

While the path to resolving the Russia-Ukraine conflict remains complex and filled with disagreements, it is clear that dialogue and negotiation offer the most viable route forward. Talking — even when difficult — is far preferable to confrontation.

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/20/content_008_68a4eab2ed50ccabe1517d01.htm#008COMMENT", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Wed, 20 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "b23219bd2f69bdbbabc8e13e4a26c36b", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "011WORLD - Railway set to boost growth across SE. Asia", "description": "

Liu Hongmei, China's consul general in Khon Kaen, addresses the Conference on Logistics and Tourism Promotion Along the China-Laos-Thailand Railway on Tuesday.

\n

New avenues of cooperation can be forged through improved transportation connectivity, creating economic opportunities for China and Southeast Asia, speakers said at a gathering in Thailand on Tuesday.

\n

"Transport connectivity, particularly the railway system, is a strategic economic corridor for boosting economic growth, regional resilience and deepening intercountry integration across the Greater Mekong Subregion," said Suriyan Vichitlekarn, executive director of the Mekong Institute, which was founded by the six subregional countries — Cambodia, China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam.

\n

Speaking at the Conference on Logistics and Tourism Promotion Along the China-Laos-Thailand Railway, held in the northeastern Thai city of Khon Kaen, Suriyan said logistics and tourism, with creative industries, wellness and medical tourism, stand to benefit from this corridor.

\n

"Logistics efficiency is a tangible leap forward for cross-border trade facilitation. The railway brings exciting possibilities for revitalizing regional tourism. It catalyzes inclusive economic opportunities, particularly for cultural and community-based tourism," Suriyan said.

\n

Organized by the Mekong Institute, the conference was co-hosted by the Chinese Consulate General in Khon Kaen and the Foreign Affairs Office of China's Yunnan province. More than 300 participants attended, including government officials, scholars and industry representatives from China, Laos, Thailand and other regional countries.

\n

"The cooperation practice of the China-Laos-Thailand Railway is a vivid example of mutual benefit and win-win between China and its neighboring countries," said Liu Hongmei, China's consul general in Khon Kaen. "The conference provides a mechanism guarantee for the railway to fully exert its benefits."

\n

With greater logistics efficiency and deeper tourism collaboration ahead, the railway will not only serve as a driver of regional economic growth but also as a bridge bringing people across the region closer, she said.

\n

Jakkaphon Tangsutthitham, Thai vice-minister of tourism and sports, said the railway is more than just a physical link — it also serves as a strategic gateway connecting China with Southeast Asia. It will be a driving force for the tourism industry that links cultural, natural and creative destinations across the region.

\n

"However, infrastructure alone is not enough," he said, emphasizing the need for cross-border coordination. Apart from streamlining border crossings and improving customs and immigration processes, "we should also engage and empower local communities as stakeholders along the railway route to enhance services and create more attractions", he said.

\n

Jakkaphon reaffirmed the Thai government's commitment to strengthening cooperation with China and neighboring countries in tourism and logistics.

\n

The China-Laos-Thailand Railway, with Thai sections still under construction, will connect Bangkok with Yunnan via Laos, where a high-speed line is already in operation. The project's second phase in Thailand is expected to be operational by 2030.

\n

Seamless connectivity

\n

"With extension of this railway corridor toward Thailand and beyond, we foresee even greater opportunities for seamless regional connectivity, linking our economies to greater opportunities with countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative," said Daochinda Siharath, managing director of the Lao National Railway Authority.

\n

Industries such as agriculture, trade and tourism will benefit from the improved connectivity, bringing greater experiences for consumers and higher incomes for service providers — a win-win situation for both, Daochinda said.

\n

"This also helps to foster cultural exchanges and promote mutual understanding between people," he said. "Together, we can make this corridor one of the most attractive travel routes in Asia."

\n

To accelerate development and cooperation, Suriyan of the Mekong Institute emphasized the need to adopt digital innovation and sustainability practices. "Emphasizing smart logistics systems and digital tools such as innovation, big data and smart tourism platforms can transform operations, enhance traveler experiences and drive efficiency — while maintaining sustainable and resilient growth," he said.

\n

yangwanli@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", @@ -16548,28 +16130,6 @@ "hash": "42e9adb624da7d97ca54abe09bff1a69", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "012WORLD - Brazil challenges legitimacy of Washington investigation", - "description": "

BRASILIA/SAO PAULO — Brazil submitted its formal response to a US trade investigation on Monday, rejecting the allegations while challenging the legitimacy of the probe itself.

\n

While calling for "constructive dialogue", the Brazilian government stated that it does not recognize Washington's authority to launch the unilateral investigation.

\n

The probe, initiated in July under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, aims to determine whether Brazil's policies on digital trade and tariffs are "unreasonable or discriminatory and burden or restrict" US commerce, according to US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer.

\n

This action adds to growing friction between the two countries, including 50 percent tariffs imposed by the administration of US President Donald Trump on imports of Brazilian goods and US sanctions targeting a Brazilian Supreme Court justice.

\n

In its 91-page response, Brazil refuted US arguments concerning its trade practices, including its ethanol market and the popular digital payment system, Pix. The government argued that Brazil's acts, policies and practices are not unreasonable, discriminatory or burdensome to US commerce.

\n

Brasilia also objected to the investigation taking place outside the legal framework of the World Trade Organization. The government has already requested consultations at the WTO over the US tariffs.

\n

The office of the USTR did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

\n

"Brazil reiterates its long-standing position that Section 301 is a unilateral instrument inconsistent with the principles and rules of the multilateral trading system," Latin America's largest economy said.

\n

In another development, Brazil's Supreme Court ruled on Monday that foreign legislation did not have jurisdiction in its country, after the United States used a law to sanction a judge on the court.

\n

Washington used the Magnitsky Act to impose restrictions on Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Moraes, who is presiding over the trial of former president Jair Bolsonaro.

\n

"Judge Flavio Dino, of the Federal Supreme Court, suspended the effectiveness of judicial decisions, laws, decrees, and executive orders of foreign nations in our country," Brazil's high court said in a statement.

\n

According to the Constitution of Brazil, foreign court decisions "can only be enforced in Brazil upon approval or in compliance with international judicial cooperation mechanisms," the court said.

\n

"No foreign court can invalidate United States sanctions, or spare anyone from the steep consequences of violating them," the US government's Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs said in a statement after the ruling.

\n

", - "content": "

BRASILIA/SAO PAULO — Brazil submitted its formal response to a US trade investigation on Monday, rejecting the allegations while challenging the legitimacy of the probe itself.

\n

While calling for "constructive dialogue", the Brazilian government stated that it does not recognize Washington's authority to launch the unilateral investigation.

\n

The probe, initiated in July under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, aims to determine whether Brazil's policies on digital trade and tariffs are "unreasonable or discriminatory and burden or restrict" US commerce, according to US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer.

\n

This action adds to growing friction between the two countries, including 50 percent tariffs imposed by the administration of US President Donald Trump on imports of Brazilian goods and US sanctions targeting a Brazilian Supreme Court justice.

\n

In its 91-page response, Brazil refuted US arguments concerning its trade practices, including its ethanol market and the popular digital payment system, Pix. The government argued that Brazil's acts, policies and practices are not unreasonable, discriminatory or burdensome to US commerce.

\n

Brasilia also objected to the investigation taking place outside the legal framework of the World Trade Organization. The government has already requested consultations at the WTO over the US tariffs.

\n

The office of the USTR did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

\n

"Brazil reiterates its long-standing position that Section 301 is a unilateral instrument inconsistent with the principles and rules of the multilateral trading system," Latin America's largest economy said.

\n

In another development, Brazil's Supreme Court ruled on Monday that foreign legislation did not have jurisdiction in its country, after the United States used a law to sanction a judge on the court.

\n

Washington used the Magnitsky Act to impose restrictions on Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Moraes, who is presiding over the trial of former president Jair Bolsonaro.

\n

"Judge Flavio Dino, of the Federal Supreme Court, suspended the effectiveness of judicial decisions, laws, decrees, and executive orders of foreign nations in our country," Brazil's high court said in a statement.

\n

According to the Constitution of Brazil, foreign court decisions "can only be enforced in Brazil upon approval or in compliance with international judicial cooperation mechanisms," the court said.

\n

"No foreign court can invalidate United States sanctions, or spare anyone from the steep consequences of violating them," the US government's Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs said in a statement after the ruling.

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/20/content_012_68a4eaf6ed50ccabe1517d11.htm#012WORLD", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Wed, 20 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "0e5fc62f22e6fbc7a6001c56acf151eb", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "013BUSINESS - Hexagon to build smart park in Shenzhen", "description": "

Li Hongquan

\n

Swedish technology company Hexagon will continue to step up investment in China and seize the immense opportunities presented by the country's sharpened focus on bolstering digital transformation and industrial innovation, said a senior executive of the company.

\n

The company has complete research and development, manufacturing and supply chain systems in the Chinese market, said Li Hongquan, vice-president of Hexagon global and president of Hexagon China, adding that the country is the company's biggest single market, with revenue accounting for about 20 percent of its global total.

\n

As a leading global provider of information technology solutions, the company has contributed to China's industrialization and the high-quality development of its manufacturing sector, while integrating sensors, digital twin and virtual simulation technologies with artificial intelligence, Li said.

\n

According to Li, the company will build an intelligent industrial park covering the R&D of humanoid robots, AI and manufacturing in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, with construction expected to begin in the third quarter of this year.

\n

It will invest more in localized R&D, accelerate the localization of high-end measurement equipment and industrial software in China and provide tailor-made solutions in accordance with the demands of Chinese clients.

\n

According to him, China's emphasis on the development of new quality productive forces and digital transformation, as well as technological revolution brought about by AI and the pursuit of green and sustainable development offer the company many new opportunities.

\n

Li said that currently the company serves more than 40,000 Chinese enterprises in fields such as aerospace, shipbuilding and high-end equipment. It has established an intelligent manufacturing research institute and five R&D centers nationwide, and invested heavily in the R&D of innovative technologies.

\n

China is at the global forefront of manufacturing, new electric vehicles and humanoid robots, with a solid manufacturing foundation and well-educated engineers, Li said, adding he is bullish on the prospects of the growth potential from the Chinese market.

\n

Hexagon has launched its first humanoid robot, which could be applied into a wide range of industrial scenarios, such as automotive, aerospace, transportation, warehousing and logistics.

\n

"China boasts the world's most complete industrial chain and is the largest application market, which is crucial for the development and implementation of humanoid robots." Li said the company will increase inputs in the humanoid robots field and seek more cooperation opportunities with local partners.

\n

China ranked as the world's largest manufacturer for the 15th consecutive year in 2024, and its manufacturing output accounted for about 30 percent of the global total, according to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.

\n

Zhou Mi, a senior researcher at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, said that China has not only lowered the threshold for foreign investment, but also introduced favorable policies for key industries as well as R&D and innovation, in order to guide and support foreign capital to flow into the high-tech sector.

\n

Chinese enterprises could learn advanced technologies and management experience from their foreign counterparts and improve innovation capacity and competitiveness, thereby injecting impetus into economic transformation and upgrading, Zhou said, adding that the increase in foreign investment in China's high-tech industry will yield positive returns for both sides.

\n

A total of 30,014 foreign-invested enterprises were newly established in the Chinese mainland in the first six months this year, representing a year-on-year growth of 11.7 percent, according to the Ministry of Commerce.

\n

The actual use of foreign direct investment in high-tech sectors reached 127.87 billion yuan ($17.8 billion), with FDI in the aerospace equipment manufacturing sector and medical instrument manufacturing sector growing by 36.2 percent and 17.7 percent, respectively.

\n

"Foreign enterprises have been, and will hopefully remain, a key contributor to the Chinese industrial modernization drive," said Denis Depoux, global managing director at management consultancy Roland Berger.

\n

China is committed to further opening up its services sector. Along with this transformation, there are plenty of opportunities for international collaboration, investment and joint development, he added.

\n

fanfeifei@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", @@ -16592,28 +16152,6 @@ "hash": "77a8ca171bda7f80ba9e8a736f1eba4d", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "019SPORTS - Everton pays penalty for limp display", - "description": "

Lukas Nmecha celebrates scoring Leeds' winning goal against Everton during an English Premier League match at Elland Road in Leeds, England, on Monday.

\n

\n\n

Jack Grealish was unable to inspire Everton, making his club debut in the second-half of a 1-0 loss to newly promoted Leeds in the Premier League on Monday.

\n

The England forward, once a poster boy of English soccer, is looking to reignite his career after leaving Manchester City on loan, but had to be content with a place on the bench for Everton's opening game.

\n

Grealish entered in the 71st minute when the score was 0-0 at Elland Road and struggled to make an impact, before Leeds was awarded a penalty when Everton captain James Tarkowski blocked a goal-bound shot with his left arm as he leaned his body toward the ball.

\n

Lukas Nmecha, a summer signing only on the field for six minutes as a substitute, stroked the spotkick past Everton goalkeeper Jordan Pickford with just his third touch of the ball for the only goal in the 84th.

\n

Pickford prepared for the penalty by referring to his water bottle, where he usually has the names of potential opposition penalty-takers, and where they might place their attempt, on a piece of paper taped to the side.

\n

"That was a bit of a bluff, to be fair," said Nmecha, a German-born winger who joined on a free transfer from Wolfsburg. "I don't think I was one of the names on there."

\n

Everton manager David Moyes was unhappy at the awarding of the penalty, saying "it wasn't fair", because Tarkowski's arm wasn't in an unnatural position.

\n

"Tarky would have had to get his arm chopped off," Moyes said.

\n

"It wasn't outside his body, he wasn't doing anything different."

\n

The match appeared to be meandering towards a stalemate until Tarkowski was harshly adjudged to have handled Anton Stach's driven shot.

\n

"It's not a penalty," said an aggrieved Tarkowski.

\n

"I was pretty convinced it was going to get overturned (by VAR).

\n

"A bizarre moment and it cost us the point in the end."

\n

Everton, which failed to register a shot on goal in the first half, will hope for a better performance on Sunday, when the team hosts Brighton for the first competitive game in its new, 53,000-seat waterfront stadium at Bramley-Moore Dock, which has replaced Goodison Park as Everton's home.

\n

Everton handed a debut to Manchester City loanee Grealish in the second half, but the Toffees were left to rue its toothless showing in the opening 45 minutes.

\n

Leeds was making its return to the Premier League after a two-year absence, and was the second promoted team to win in the opening round, after Sunderland.

\n

The Yorkshire club is aiming to buck the trend of the past two seasons that have seen all three promoted clubs relegated.

\n

Leeds boss Daniel Farke has also struggled previously with the step up to the English top-flight during two attempts as Norwich manager.

\n

But, after Sunderland beat West Ham 3-0 on Saturday, two of the three promoted sides have won on the opening weekend for only the third time in the Premier League era.

\n

Leeds stormed to promotion by winning the Championship title with 100 points last season, and Farke's men started their latest foray into the English top flight in confident fashion.

\n

The home side was dominant in the opening half with 12 shots on goal, but only once made Pickford work, forcing the England goalkeeper into a block from a Joel Piroe shot.

\n

Grealish's introduction coincided with Everton's best spell of the game.

\n

Lucas Perri, one of Leeds' eight summer signings, made an impressive save at his near post to turn behind a powerful Carlos Alcaraz strike before Jake O'Brien headed the resulting corner over.

\n

Just as Leeds looked like it might have to hold on for a point, it was gifted the chance for a perfect start with all three.

\n

There was little Tarkowski could do, as his left arm was down by his side when it blocked Stach's effort.

\n

Nmecha stayed calm amid the furore, with the German international finding the bottom corner.

\n

"For a newly promoted side, it (Elland Road) has to become a fortress," said Farke.

\n

"It's great to see the joy and the pride in their (the fans) eyes. It's great to give the supporters, who are so emotional and care so much about their club, something to cheer."

\n

Tarkowski had a chance to make amends with an equalizer, but he headed over.

\n

", - "content": "

Lukas Nmecha celebrates scoring Leeds' winning goal against Everton during an English Premier League match at Elland Road in Leeds, England, on Monday.

\n

\n\n

Jack Grealish was unable to inspire Everton, making his club debut in the second-half of a 1-0 loss to newly promoted Leeds in the Premier League on Monday.

\n

The England forward, once a poster boy of English soccer, is looking to reignite his career after leaving Manchester City on loan, but had to be content with a place on the bench for Everton's opening game.

\n

Grealish entered in the 71st minute when the score was 0-0 at Elland Road and struggled to make an impact, before Leeds was awarded a penalty when Everton captain James Tarkowski blocked a goal-bound shot with his left arm as he leaned his body toward the ball.

\n

Lukas Nmecha, a summer signing only on the field for six minutes as a substitute, stroked the spotkick past Everton goalkeeper Jordan Pickford with just his third touch of the ball for the only goal in the 84th.

\n

Pickford prepared for the penalty by referring to his water bottle, where he usually has the names of potential opposition penalty-takers, and where they might place their attempt, on a piece of paper taped to the side.

\n

"That was a bit of a bluff, to be fair," said Nmecha, a German-born winger who joined on a free transfer from Wolfsburg. "I don't think I was one of the names on there."

\n

Everton manager David Moyes was unhappy at the awarding of the penalty, saying "it wasn't fair", because Tarkowski's arm wasn't in an unnatural position.

\n

"Tarky would have had to get his arm chopped off," Moyes said.

\n

"It wasn't outside his body, he wasn't doing anything different."

\n

The match appeared to be meandering towards a stalemate until Tarkowski was harshly adjudged to have handled Anton Stach's driven shot.

\n

"It's not a penalty," said an aggrieved Tarkowski.

\n

"I was pretty convinced it was going to get overturned (by VAR).

\n

"A bizarre moment and it cost us the point in the end."

\n

Everton, which failed to register a shot on goal in the first half, will hope for a better performance on Sunday, when the team hosts Brighton for the first competitive game in its new, 53,000-seat waterfront stadium at Bramley-Moore Dock, which has replaced Goodison Park as Everton's home.

\n

Everton handed a debut to Manchester City loanee Grealish in the second half, but the Toffees were left to rue its toothless showing in the opening 45 minutes.

\n

Leeds was making its return to the Premier League after a two-year absence, and was the second promoted team to win in the opening round, after Sunderland.

\n

The Yorkshire club is aiming to buck the trend of the past two seasons that have seen all three promoted clubs relegated.

\n

Leeds boss Daniel Farke has also struggled previously with the step up to the English top-flight during two attempts as Norwich manager.

\n

But, after Sunderland beat West Ham 3-0 on Saturday, two of the three promoted sides have won on the opening weekend for only the third time in the Premier League era.

\n

Leeds stormed to promotion by winning the Championship title with 100 points last season, and Farke's men started their latest foray into the English top flight in confident fashion.

\n

The home side was dominant in the opening half with 12 shots on goal, but only once made Pickford work, forcing the England goalkeeper into a block from a Joel Piroe shot.

\n

Grealish's introduction coincided with Everton's best spell of the game.

\n

Lucas Perri, one of Leeds' eight summer signings, made an impressive save at his near post to turn behind a powerful Carlos Alcaraz strike before Jake O'Brien headed the resulting corner over.

\n

Just as Leeds looked like it might have to hold on for a point, it was gifted the chance for a perfect start with all three.

\n

There was little Tarkowski could do, as his left arm was down by his side when it blocked Stach's effort.

\n

Nmecha stayed calm amid the furore, with the German international finding the bottom corner.

\n

"For a newly promoted side, it (Elland Road) has to become a fortress," said Farke.

\n

"It's great to see the joy and the pride in their (the fans) eyes. It's great to give the supporters, who are so emotional and care so much about their club, something to cheer."

\n

Tarkowski had a chance to make amends with an equalizer, but he headed over.

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/20/content_019_68a4eb4fed50ccabe1517d26.htm#019SPORTS", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Wed, 20 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "bf0256144177d44dc43fdcf222306b07", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "001FRONT - PET LOVERS FROM ACROSS THE WORLD CONNECT VIA REDNOTE", "description": "

Four photos starting left: Scott Phillips and his dogs, Thor and Polly, have garnered over 33,000 followers on RedNote. Right: Chris Thomas' eight cats.

\n

Astros, with one of her cats and pet dog, says she hopes people feel joy from looking at her photos from Iceland.

\n

Chris Thomas holds his furry friends.

\n\n

Chris Thomas was close to despair when a pregnant stray cat sneaked into his backyard in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and rekindled his faith in people and his sense of self-worth.

\n

His special relationship with Frances, the cat, was shared on Chinese social media platform RedNote and other platforms, and struck a chord with animal lovers around the world, including tens of thousands in China.

\n

Now a dad to eight cats and a three-legged dog, Thomas, who has gained over 172,000 likes and saves on RedNote, said he was reborn amid the "genuine care "shown by many Chinese netizens.

\n

His journey started a few years ago during a COVID-19 quarantine when a feral cat slipped through a gap in the fence of his home. Thomas was struggling with mental health issues, and spent most of his days in bed.

\n

The cat crept in early in the mornings, and Thomas fed her every day without fail. "She gave me a reason to get out of bed," Thomas said. "She kept coming back, always when I needed her most."

\n

He began to win the animal's trust and named her Frances. Thomas started livestreaming their meetings, called "Coffee and Cats with Frances the Stray", on American social network Reddit. The daily ritual of the quiet man and a streetwise cat made the newspapers and went viral online.

\n

One morning Frances showed up injured, and Thomas decided to take her inside. He laid a trail of salmon that led into the house and gently closed the door behind her. Inside, Frances darted into the basement and curled up on a blanket. Hours later she gave birth to a litter of kittens, which Thomas livestreamed to over half a million people. Viewers wept, donated money, and helped name the kittens.

\n

"The whole experience cracked me open," said Thomas. "I was depressed and isolated, and suddenly, there was this tiny life that relied completely on me… I thought maybe she was an angel in disguise sent to save me. But now I think she might have been sent to save even more."

\n

Thomas adopted Frances and her kittens. Over the next few years, he saved two more cats and a three-legged dog Freya. He later launched a nonprofit organization to support animal care.

\n

Curiosity cured the cat

\n

He continues to share his story with Chinese netizens on RedNote. Thomas said he joined the Chinese platform out of curiosity, drawn by its reputation as a space for quiet storytelling, and not viral trends involving "chasing views or shouting to be heard". RedNote is an online community that "feels more human", he said, adding that he never expected to find a sense of belonging on a Chinese social media platform.

\n

People ask questions, remember names, and share their pet stories, with interactions translated back and forth.

\n

"There was kindness. People were curious, respectful. It didn't feel like I had to perform. I could just be myself," said Thomas.

\n

"And then I just became absolutely fascinated with Chinese culture and how America had it all wrong for so long. Now I honestly think I want to move me and my fur babies there."

\n

As responses came in from users around the world — many of whom had never owned a pet or thought about strays — Thomas realized his content was not just about cats anymore.

\n

"It's about what they represent: survival, healing, family, whatever that means to you," he said.

\n

His experience on RedNote was proof small moments can resonate across borders, he said.

\n

"One act of kindness can change everything, and sometimes that big thing you're looking for might come in a small package," said Thomas. "So, keep your eyes open for your hole in the fence — that's what I always like to say now."

\n

Chinese fascination

\n

A US woman known on RedNote as "StressedBigJess" understands Thomas' reaction to Chinese social media.

\n

"The RedNote community is very friendly. Most of the time on American apps, the vibes are rancid," she said. "I like RedNote because there are a lot less ads, and people are extremely kind and wholesome."

\n

Her first post on RedNote was about paying her "cat tax" by posting cat photos and videos to gain permission as a foreigner to join the app. Jess shared a photo of her cat Tino and Cardamom, a British Shorthair, a cat breed she later learned is rare in the United States but extremely common in China.

\n

One comment from a Chinese user moved her. The person had recently lost their own British Shorthair and said Jess' photo reminded them of their late pet. "It made me want to treasure mine even more," Jess said.

\n

Through pet content, she learned that "Chinese cats are very round, while American cats are very pointy".Small-sized pets are popular in China, in part due to apartment living, she found out through exchanges.

\n

These everyday glimpses sparked her curiosity about China. Although immigration restrictions make living in China unlikely for her, Jess now dreams of visiting one day — especially cities like Beijing and Chongqing, a place she envisions as a maze she'd love to explore.

\n

Jess is fascinated by space-maximized apartments, bright lofts with large windows, and clever interior designs posted on RedNote, which are unlike anything she's seen in the US. She adores many aspects of the Chinese lifestyle, including three-wheel cars and the prevalence of vegetable gardens.

\n

RedNote not only connected her to animal lovers across the world, but awakened a genuine interest in Chinese culture and its landscapes. By posting her own life as an average American, she hopes to return the favor — offering others the same kind of candid view she loved discovering in their posts.

\n

"I think people can bond easily over pets. It's human nature to care for cute little animals. Anytime I want to bond with someone I don't know, I bring up my cats and it always works," she said. "I hope one day the world can bond together over pets instead of having conflicts."

\n

Puppy love

\n

Maia, a high school student from a small town in Tigre, Argentina, became attracted to Chinese culture after she began sharing stories on her dog Uma.

\n

What began as simple pet updates on RedNote gradually blossomed into a deeper cultural exchange.

\n

Her loyal German shepherd meets her at the door every day after school. For Maia, the dog is an emotional anchor and a source of calm during moments of teenage uncertainty. "She changed the darkness inside of me to happiness," Maia said.

\n

However, she did not expect to connect with "so many kind and supportive Chinese users". RedNote quickly became a space where she could share her life journey and feelings as part of a big community. She is often surprised by the "warm, thoughtful responses" she gets from Chinese users.

\n

"We often talk about cultural differences, pets, school life, and food. l love it when people ask about Argentina, and l enjoy learning about their lives in return," said Maia. "These exchanges feel like a window into each other's world."

\n

She said she loves the elegance and beauty of traditional Chinese culture, especially the language and music. "I'm also fascinated by Chinese fashion. I love your traditional clothing and lifestyle," she said.

\n

In her posts, she has scribbled the RedNote logo in Chinese across her arm with a marker and showcased her multilingual skills by switching easily between Spanish, Chinese, English, and Portuguese. Maia has introduced Chinese users to the flavors of Argentine biscuits and the breathtaking scenery of her homeland. She has shared Spanish pop songs, inviting others into her world.

\n

In the comments section, people of different nationalities, ages, and family backgrounds exchange stories and different perspectives on life.

\n

"Pets, food, and music are universal," Maia said. "When we share these parts of life sincerely, we discover how similar we are, and real friendships can grow from that into amazing relationships."

\n

Digital sanctuaries

\n

Maia and Thomas are not outliers. RedNote has helped people from around the world find common interests.

\n

Scott Phillips from US state of Washington is the owner of two dogs, Thor and Polly. In just six months on RedNote he has gained over 33,000 followers.

\n

Every morning, Phillips dresses Thor in a tie and posts a photo with the hashtag "#DTOTD" (Dog Tie of The Day), paralleling the "#OOTD" (Outfit of The Day) social media trend. Polly, less cooperative, is usually shown chasing socks birthing the hashtag"#SockOfTheDay".

\n

While most US users left the platform after the easing of the threat to ban TikTok in the US, Phillips stayed.

\n

However, RedNote isn't Phillips' first social media foray. He tried other platforms but had few responses.

\n

"I put the same pictures on Facebook and only my mother commented," he joked.

\n

Phillips sees pets as an opportunity to take aspects of daily life to a broader audience. With a newborn on the way this November, he was imagining how his online scrapbook might grow. He dreams about launching a "#Baby Tie of the Day "hashtag to match Thor's daily fashion updates, though he suspects his wife may have the final say.

\n

"I think pets are a common thread across cultures. My dogs are cute and people see it as a commonality," said Phillips, "I gain popularity from showing the dogs, then take advantage of that to show common things about my country."

\n

Breaking the ice

\n

Astros, originally from China, was adopted by an Icelandic couple in 2004. She has been on RedNote for years and joined when few people outside of China knew about the app.

\n

However, she lacked the courage to post anything until the "TikTok refugee" phenomenon in January 2025.

\n

She witnessed "a spike in foreigners" swarming to the RedNote community, which encouraged her to post. She chose her two cats, Ezekiel and Lucifer, as the icebreakers. One of her posts gained 50,000 views and 8,000 likes.

\n

She joked her post had a couple of very "bad" pictures of her cat, which quickly "blew up".

\n

Foreign followers had a strong interest in all things about China, she discovered. "I have seen a lot of foreigners seeking validation from others and asking Chinese people questions like 'am I beautiful in China?' 'do I look handsome in China?'" she said.

\n

Astros now fills her RedNote feed with fragments of her life — the soft purring of her cat curled on a gray couch, skeins of yarn in her lap as she knits alone in a cafe, or golden sunsets spilling through the glass doors of her parents' home.

\n

She said she hopes people feel joy from looking at her photos from Iceland. She said she tries to show "a very authentic and relaxed way" of life in her country.

\n

Astros has always lived between the cultures of two countries. Her Chinese appearance speaks of one heritage while her language, habits and outlook reflect another.

\n

For years, she has wrestled with the feeling that she wasn't fully either — not quite Icelandic in the eyes of some, and never Chinese enough to claim that part of herself.

\n

But as she grew older, she stopped trying to resolve that tension. Through RedNote, she began sharing honestly, not just about her pets and hobbies, but about the beauty of existing between two cultures.

\n

"I think the best thing to do is just reach out. Don't be afraid to post your hobbies and passions," said Astros. "There is always someone who shares the same interests as you."

\n


获取更多RSS：
https://feedx.net
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", @@ -16636,28 +16174,6 @@ "hash": "0b2e33b928e3aada0375541c31eb1df7", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "005CHINA - Satellites launched to bolster internet", - "description": "

China launched a group of internet satellites into orbit on Sunday evening, marking the fifth in-orbit deployment of such spacecraft in a month.

\n

The satellites are the ninth group of low-orbit hardware in China's State-owned internet network. They were lifted by a Long March 6A carrier rocket at 10:15 pm from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in Shanxi province and soon arrived in their orbital positions, according to China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp, which conducted the launch.

\n

Over the past month, five batches of satellites have been sent into orbit for the in-orbit networking of the country's massive space-based internet system, which is often likened to a Chinese version of SpaceX's Starlink.

\n

The fifth group in the network was launched on July 27, the sixth on July 30, the seventh on Aug 4, and the eighth on Aug 13.

\n

Upon its completion, the Chinese mega-constellation will consist of about 13,000 satellites operating in low-Earth orbit to create an internet system with worldwide coverage.

\n

The latest batch was designed and built by the Shanghai-based Innovation Academy for Microsatellites of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is tasked with using its Ka-band transmitters to provide communications and internet service to users.

\n

The Long March 6A rocket model was developed by the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology, a CASC subsidiary, as a medium-lift launch vehicle.

\n

The rocket has a liftoff weight of 530 metric tons and is mainly used to transport satellites to multiple types of orbit, including sun-synchronous, low-Earth and intermediate circular orbit. It consists of a 50-meter, liquid-propelled core booster and four solid-fuel side boosters.

\n

When used to reach the typical sun-synchronous orbit 700 kilometers above Earth, the model can carry satellites with a combined weight of more than 4.5 tons.

\n

Sunday's launch was the third time the Long March 6A type was used to carry satellites involved in the internet network. It also marked China's 48th rocket launch this year, and the 590th flight of the Long March rocket family.

\n

Earlier on Sunday, a Long March 4C rocket blasted off at 4:55 pm at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan province, sending the Shiyan 28B02 satellite into its preset orbit.

\n

The satellite was also made by the Innovation Academy for Microsatellites, and it will be used to measure and survey space environmental elements and demonstrate new technologies. Its predecessor, Shiyan 28B01, was lifted off by the same rocket model from Xichang on July 3.

\n

The Long March 4C, also a product of the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology, has a liftoff weight of 250 tons and is mainly used to send satellites to sun-synchronous orbit.

\n

zhaolei@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "content": "

China launched a group of internet satellites into orbit on Sunday evening, marking the fifth in-orbit deployment of such spacecraft in a month.

\n

The satellites are the ninth group of low-orbit hardware in China's State-owned internet network. They were lifted by a Long March 6A carrier rocket at 10:15 pm from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in Shanxi province and soon arrived in their orbital positions, according to China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp, which conducted the launch.

\n

Over the past month, five batches of satellites have been sent into orbit for the in-orbit networking of the country's massive space-based internet system, which is often likened to a Chinese version of SpaceX's Starlink.

\n

The fifth group in the network was launched on July 27, the sixth on July 30, the seventh on Aug 4, and the eighth on Aug 13.

\n

Upon its completion, the Chinese mega-constellation will consist of about 13,000 satellites operating in low-Earth orbit to create an internet system with worldwide coverage.

\n

The latest batch was designed and built by the Shanghai-based Innovation Academy for Microsatellites of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is tasked with using its Ka-band transmitters to provide communications and internet service to users.

\n

The Long March 6A rocket model was developed by the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology, a CASC subsidiary, as a medium-lift launch vehicle.

\n

The rocket has a liftoff weight of 530 metric tons and is mainly used to transport satellites to multiple types of orbit, including sun-synchronous, low-Earth and intermediate circular orbit. It consists of a 50-meter, liquid-propelled core booster and four solid-fuel side boosters.

\n

When used to reach the typical sun-synchronous orbit 700 kilometers above Earth, the model can carry satellites with a combined weight of more than 4.5 tons.

\n

Sunday's launch was the third time the Long March 6A type was used to carry satellites involved in the internet network. It also marked China's 48th rocket launch this year, and the 590th flight of the Long March rocket family.

\n

Earlier on Sunday, a Long March 4C rocket blasted off at 4:55 pm at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan province, sending the Shiyan 28B02 satellite into its preset orbit.

\n

The satellite was also made by the Innovation Academy for Microsatellites, and it will be used to measure and survey space environmental elements and demonstrate new technologies. Its predecessor, Shiyan 28B01, was lifted off by the same rocket model from Xichang on July 3.

\n

The Long March 4C, also a product of the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology, has a liftoff weight of 250 tons and is mainly used to send satellites to sun-synchronous orbit.

\n

zhaolei@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/19/content_005_68a3912ced50ccabe1517bae.htm#005CHINA", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "f634a90fdb8394af96d39e9d841e9497", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "008COMMENT - Without autonomy, EU will continue to be on the menu", "description": "

That some European leaders will join Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky to meet US President Donald Trump in Washington shows their concern that Kyiv will not be treated "fairly" in any potential deal and Europe's security concerns will not be addressed by an end to the Ukraine crisis negotiated between the United States and Russia.

\n

The Zelensky-Trump meeting comes shortly after a three-hour dialogue between the US leader and his Russian counterpart in Anchorage, Alaska, the first of its kind since Trump took office in January. And it is widely believed that the meeting between the US and its allies will touch upon some key issues, such as whether Ukraine will need to cede territory for a deal.

\n

Since the majority of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization members have agreed to raise their defense spending from 2 percent of GDP to 5 percent, most of which will be spent buying US weapons, and the US has already inked a mineral resource agreement with Ukraine, the Trump administration has already leveraged the conflict to get the maximum gains it can from Ukraine and European countries.

\n

After that Washington has turned attention to try and broker a ceasefire so it can see what the US can seek to get from Russia.

\n

To this end, it has been hammering home the fact that without the support of the US, Kyiv and the European countries would not be able to sustain the conflict, not to mention hold the front line where it is.

\n

It is the European Union that has put itself in such a difficult position by ending its pursuit of autonomy initiated by former German chancellor Angela Merkel during her time in office from 2005 to 2021.

\n

During Merkel's tenure as the German leader that had unique influence on the EU, the bloc tried to keep a balance between the US and Russia and acted with its due confidence on the world stage as one pole of a nascent multipolar world.

\n

But after Merkel's retirement, the EU has thrown itself into the arms of the US. Many industrial, technological, as well as economic and trade policies that had proved effective in enabling the EU to stand on its own feet during Merkel's days have been dropped.

\n

Blindly following Washington's foreign and geopolitical policies has not made the EU safer but a buffer zone and a coffer-filler for the US. It is no coincidence that the Russia-Ukraine conflict broke out less than two months after Merkel's retirement.

\n

So given the huge gap between what the EU wants and what it has, there might be even fiercer discussions between the European visitors and their US hosts in Washington this week than the widely televised meeting between Zelensky and Trump in the White House in late February.

\n

Compared with then, the US has steadily advanced its agenda on the Ukraine crisis. Now it is time for Kyiv and its European supporters to accept the painful fact that they lack the necessary means to defend their own core interests in not only the conflict but also in their dealings with the US.

\n

The EU is now experiencing the consequences of its choice over the past few years. It has to accept that the US is a self-centered ally that is ready to loot a burning house.

\n

It will certainly take a long process to resolve the Ukraine crisis. Even so, none of the stakeholders, except the US, might feel happy with the final deal.

\n

At least if the end of the crisis can serve to prompt the EU to resume its pursuit of autonomy, the blood will not have been shed in vain. But before the EU grasps its own fate in its hands, it will continue to be on the menu.

\n

",