diff --git a/.obsidian/plugins/cubox-sync/data.json b/.obsidian/plugins/cubox-sync/data.json index edb3dbbf..ec00c39d 100644 --- a/.obsidian/plugins/cubox-sync/data.json +++ b/.obsidian/plugins/cubox-sync/data.json @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ "contentTemplate": "# {{{title}}}\n\n{{{description}}}\n\n{{{article_title}}} //文章内容标题\n{{{content}}} //文章正文\n\n\n[Read in Cubox]({{{cubox_url}}}) \n[Read Original]({{{url}}}) \n\n---\n\n{{#highlights.length}}\n## Annotations \n\n{{#highlights}}\n> {{{text}}} \n\n{{#note}}\n{{{note}}}\n{{/note}}\n[Link️]({{{cubox_url}}}) \n\n{{/highlights}}\n{{/highlights.length}}", "highlightInContent": true, "dateFormat": "yyyy-MM-dd", - "lastSyncTime": 1755286370970, + "lastSyncTime": 1755395238932, "lastSyncCardId": "7350452026397950547", "lastCardUpdateTime": "2025-08-09T15:46:52.780+0800", "syncing": false diff --git a/.obsidian/plugins/rss-reader/data.json b/.obsidian/plugins/rss-reader/data.json index b0d6dfe2..65de7922 100644 --- a/.obsidian/plugins/rss-reader/data.json +++ b/.obsidian/plugins/rss-reader/data.json @@ -104,25 +104,223 @@ "description": "少数派致力于更好地运用数字产品或科学方法,帮助用户提升工作效率和生活品质", "items": [ { - "title": "技惊四座的Deep Finesse打法", - "description": "欧洲桥牌团体锦标赛公开团体赛在波兰波兹南激战正酣,目前还在预赛阶段,在预赛第7轮的比赛中,我们看到了一副技惊四座的深飞(Deep Finesse)打法,这是罗森塔尔队与齐默尔曼队之间发生的,主打人是挪威明星布格兰德,防守方则是卡酷司机与卡利塔。 南家主打5♦,首攻将牌如何做庄? 叫牌过程显示了不同寻常的进取。北家巴克开叫2♣强牌,南家布格兰德一个点都没有,2♦等待,此时3♠是4张♠+5张以上♦的进局逼叫,布格兰德虽然白皮,但他有3张♦,直叫5♦,因为他不能叫4♦,这会显示更强 […]", - "content": "

欧洲桥牌团体锦标赛公开团体赛在波兰波兹南激战正酣,目前还在预赛阶段,在预赛第7轮的比赛中,我们看到了一副技惊四座的深飞(Deep Finesse)打法,这是罗森塔尔队与齐默尔曼队之间发生的,主打人是挪威明星布格兰德,防守方则是卡酷司机与卡利塔。
\n\"技惊四座的Deep
\n\"\"
\n南家主打5\"♦\",首攻将牌如何做庄?

\n

叫牌过程显示了不同寻常的进取。北家巴克开叫2\"♣\"强牌,南家布格兰德一个点都没有,2\"♦\"等待,此时3\"♠\"是4张\"♠\"+5张以上\"♦\"的进局逼叫,布格兰德虽然白皮,但他有3张\"♦\",直叫5\"♦\",因为他不能叫4\"♦\",这会显示更强的牌。

\n

西家是卡酷司机,首攻将牌,如果你是布格兰德,如何计划这副牌的主打?

\n

将牌首攻十分刁钻,即使将牌对你的分布友好,你也面临如何解决\"♠\"输张的问题,\"♥\"的输张跑不掉,必须把\"♠\"输张限制在1个,而且还不能输将牌。

\n

假如将牌是2-2,你无法从手中向着明手的\"♠\"出,那么你怎么限制\"♠\"的输墩呢,如果第一墩明手将牌吃住,拔\"♠\"A再送\"♠\",对方一定是第二张将牌,那么恐怕你只能希望\"♠\"是KQ双张或者KQx了。

\n

所以一定要从手中出\"♠\",明手的\"♠\"结构非常奇妙,如果从手中出,你总有很多机会来解决问题。

\n

布格兰德就是这样考虑的,他必须回到手中出\"♠\",以解决\"♠\"的输张问题,所以即使卡酷司机首攻将牌,他也决定打卡酷司机有将牌Q,因为他必须第一张牌就进手。当\"♦\"10吃进后,布格兰德出\"♠\",卡酷司机顶上K,你现在准备怎么打?

\n

你不能再到手中出\"♠\"了,所以这张\"♠\"一定要打对,如果你不吃,第二张将牌从西家发出,你就只剩下\"♠\"KQx的机会了。

\n

\"技惊四座的Deep

\n

\"♠\"的打法决定定约的成败

\n

不管桥友们怎么想,只见布格兰德A吃住\"♠\"K,然后从明手送\"♠\"J,西家Q吃住,第二张将牌到明手,布格兰德再出小\"♠\",将下东家的10,完成定约!!

\n

\"技惊四座的Deep

\n

送\"♠\"J给西家,然后将吃3张10

\n

全手牌如下:
\n\"技惊四座的Deep

\n

布格兰德一张不差打成定约

\n

这副牌如果不首攻将牌,庄家完成定约不难,他只需找到\"♦\"Q即可,因为可以将吃两次\"♠\",有些牌桌是北家主打5\"♦\",东首攻\"♥\"K,然后看到庄家送\"♠\",再从东家吊将牌,不仅没用,而且还出卖了同伴的将牌Q。

\n

但南家主打,几乎无人成功,特别是首攻将牌的情况下,南家主打首攻将牌的还有意大利明星韦尔萨切。

\n
\n

这副牌另一室的巴司机和舒柏林搞错了约定,叫到4\"♠\"定约,也算是奇葩一件。

\n

\"技惊四座的Deep
\n\"\"

\n

巴司机舒柏林搞错了约定

\n

布格兰德这副牌的主打,丝丝入扣,每一张牌都如双明手分析软件指引一般,张张不错,令人佩服,相信这副牌也一定能够登上公报,并且在未来的年度最佳做庄奖的评选中占有一席之地。

\n

\"技惊四座的Deep

\n", - "category": "桥牌", - "link": "https://joyagain.me/2025/07/15/%e6%8a%80%e6%83%8a%e5%9b%9b%e5%ba%a7%e7%9a%84deep-finesse%e6%89%93%e6%b3%95/", - "creator": "Again", - "pubDate": "Tue, 15 Jul 2025 07:23:57 +0000", + "title": "下个假日遥遥无期,和划水学教授水獭复习如何科学摸鱼", + "description": "这么重要的主题,之前怎么能没有整理一个专题出来呢!查看全文", + "content": "这么重要的主题,之前怎么能没有整理一个专题出来呢!查看全文", + "category": "", + "link": "https://sspai.com/post/101860", + "creator": "少数派编辑部", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 15:00:00 +0800", "enclosure": "", "enclosureType": "", "image": "", "id": "", "language": "zh", - "folder": "博客", - "feed": "我的博客", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "少数派", "read": false, "favorite": false, "created": false, "tags": [], - "hash": "9d4ccc5557b237d307fe50cb6ffbb3d6", + "hash": "9b2c28d72b1322e2ea4bf0915e6f066d", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "本周看什么 | 最近值得一看的 8 部作品", + "description": "☕️TL;DR近期佳作推荐:[美剧]异形:地球、[电影]捕风追影、[电影]夜班、[电影]剧场版物怪火鼠、[美剧]战酋、[动画]一家之主重启篇第一季、[纪录片]艾米不见了:邮轮失踪悬案、[真人秀]喜剧之 ...查看全文", + "content": "☕️TL;DR近期佳作推荐:[美剧]异形:地球、[电影]捕风追影、[电影]夜班、[电影]剧场版物怪火鼠、[美剧]战酋、[动画]一家之主重启篇第一季、[纪录片]艾米不见了:邮轮失踪悬案、[真人秀]喜剧之 ...查看全文", + "category": "", + "link": "https://sspai.com/post/101852", + "creator": "少数派编辑部", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 18:15:36 +0800", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "zh", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "少数派", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "5c9aa11a820d1519c5c19a0a8e85aa41", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "微软在用 Office 文件格式蓄意破坏竞争吗?", + "description": "引言前段时间,开源办公软件LibreOffice的官方博客发表了一篇颇具话题性的文章:《刻意复杂化的XML规范是一种锁定用户的工具》(AnartificiallycomplexXMLschemaasa ...查看全文

本文为会员文章,出自《单篇文章》,订阅后可阅读全文。

", + "content": "引言前段时间,开源办公软件LibreOffice的官方博客发表了一篇颇具话题性的文章:《刻意复杂化的XML规范是一种锁定用户的工具》(AnartificiallycomplexXMLschemaasa ...查看全文

本文为会员文章,出自《单篇文章》,订阅后可阅读全文。

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://sspai.com/prime/story/is-ooxml-artificially-complex", + "creator": "PlatyHsu", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 15:54:33 +0800", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "zh", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "少数派", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "ad5509ed9eaea84a10c6ad5b5974a1b0", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "游戏杂谈:聊聊游戏地图的美学张力", + "description": "它记录脚步,也重新定义脚步;记录世界,也重新塑造世界——游戏地图所能抵达的边界,正是我们对游戏作为艺术边界的想象极限。查看全文", + "content": "它记录脚步,也重新定义脚步;记录世界,也重新塑造世界——游戏地图所能抵达的边界,正是我们对游戏作为艺术边界的想象极限。查看全文", + "category": "", + "link": "https://sspai.com/post/101806", + "creator": "alpha_xy", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 15:00:00 +0800", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "zh", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "少数派", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "6ff091cc74b8c6e44434cc72413ba2eb", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "App+1|出国旅游总得问价,如何让陌生货币变「直观」?[送码]", + "description": "《价格翻译官》这样的小工具,希望能让人们的旅行变得更加轻松愉快,也能帮助人们更好理解和享受异国生活的体验。查看全文", + "content": "《价格翻译官》这样的小工具,希望能让人们的旅行变得更加轻松愉快,也能帮助人们更好理解和享受异国生活的体验。查看全文", + "category": "", + "link": "https://sspai.com/post/101678", + "creator": "FeiTTT", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 11:00:00 +0800", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "zh", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "少数派", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "57f7af184a26d69b6068c35e9170bae4", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "派早报:HTC 发布 AI 智能眼镜 VIVE Eagle等", + "description": "奥图码发布首款 RGB 三色激光家庭影院投影仪,Apple 将在深圳开设第三家零售店等。查看全文", + "content": "奥图码发布首款 RGB 三色激光家庭影院投影仪,Apple 将在深圳开设第三家零售店等。查看全文", + "category": "", + "link": "https://sspai.com/post/101841", + "creator": "少数派编辑部", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 08:28:47 +0800", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "zh", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "少数派", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "451b1fe632a135a70308acd6c32a5744", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "新玩意 217|少数派的编辑们最近买了啥?", + "description": "关于栏目很多读者都会好奇少数派的编辑们到底平时都「买了啥」。我们希望通过「编辑部的新玩意」介绍编辑部成员们最近在用的新奇产品,让他们自己来谈谈这些新玩意的使用体验究竟如何。内容声明:《新玩意》栏目如含 ...查看全文", + "content": "关于栏目很多读者都会好奇少数派的编辑们到底平时都「买了啥」。我们希望通过「编辑部的新玩意」介绍编辑部成员们最近在用的新奇产品,让他们自己来谈谈这些新玩意的使用体验究竟如何。内容声明:《新玩意》栏目如含 ...查看全文", + "category": "", + "link": "https://sspai.com/post/101824", + "creator": "少数派编辑部", + "pubDate": "Thu, 14 Aug 2025 17:00:00 +0800", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "zh", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "少数派", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "720c251b55400e6fba854887b7d05256", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "深圳第三家零售店开幕在即,Apple 前海壹方城抢先看", + "description": "深圳首家AppleStore零售店——Apple深圳益田假日广场——于2012年落成开业,第二家零售店Apple深圳万象城则在2023年才姗姗来迟,这一等就是足足十年。在第二家零售店之后,Apple似 ...查看全文", + "content": "深圳首家AppleStore零售店——Apple深圳益田假日广场——于2012年落成开业,第二家零售店Apple深圳万象城则在2023年才姗姗来迟,这一等就是足足十年。在第二家零售店之后,Apple似 ...查看全文", + "category": "", + "link": "https://sspai.com/post/101827", + "creator": "waychane", + "pubDate": "Thu, 14 Aug 2025 14:30:55 +0800", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "zh", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "少数派", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "e405ef124ea74bf7a01f594c2444690f", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "一年来改错,越用错越多:HMD Skyline 一年主力使用评测", + "description": "HMD Skyline 这次在一年里把能明显影响到使用的软件和硬件故障都「来了一个遍」。查看全文", + "content": "HMD Skyline 这次在一年里把能明显影响到使用的软件和硬件故障都「来了一个遍」。查看全文", + "category": "", + "link": "https://sspai.com/post/101718", + "creator": "晓浙Jillies", + "pubDate": "Thu, 14 Aug 2025 11:30:48 +0800", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "zh", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "少数派", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "2b9833305aa822324daa6d6175057a57", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "派早报:阿里小号暂缓停服、Perplexity 计划收购 Chrome 等", + "description": "微软督促用户更新 Windows 11 24H2、铁威马推出 F2-425 双盘位 NAS 等。查看全文", + "content": "微软督促用户更新 Windows 11 24H2、铁威马推出 F2-425 双盘位 NAS 等。查看全文", + "category": "", + "link": "https://sspai.com/post/101819", + "creator": "少数派编辑部", + "pubDate": "Thu, 14 Aug 2025 08:36:25 +0800", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "zh", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "少数派", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "5e29d3e78fbb6a24d97794881f2e4710", "highlights": [] }, { @@ -147,28 +345,6 @@ "hash": "9c86b6bf2d777e97ba17e7518628fb7f", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "鲜卑霸主亲儿为质十年,回国竟成“妖术之子”?中原这手太狠了!", - "description": "东汉末年,在桓帝、灵帝的腐朽统治下,东汉王朝向着覆灭的深渊疾驰下坠,内有底层人民起义不断,外有异族胡人虎视眈眈,其中最大威胁便是由檀石槐、拓跋力微先后统一的鲜卑。而在统一部落之后,此二人选择了截然不同的发展道路,檀石槐拒绝汉桓帝的封王与和亲,“缘边诸郡无岁不被鲜卑寇抄,杀略不可胜数”;拓跋力微则与曹魏、西晋保持亲善,而两人的结果自然也是完全相反。 一、雄杰之度,崛起之路 拓跋力微是鲜卑索头部首领,从父亲手中接过首领之位时,部落势力并不强,甚至一度失去自己的领地,若非拓跋力微有 […]", - "content": "

东汉末年,在桓帝、灵帝的腐朽统治下,东汉王朝向着覆灭的深渊疾驰下坠,内有底层人民起义不断,外有异族胡人虎视眈眈,其中最大威胁便是由檀石槐、拓跋力微先后统一的鲜卑。而在统一部落之后,此二人选择了截然不同的发展道路,檀石槐拒绝汉桓帝的封王与和亲,“缘边诸郡无岁不被鲜卑寇抄,杀略不可胜数”;拓跋力微则与曹魏、西晋保持亲善,而两人的结果自然也是完全相反。

\n

\"鲜卑霸主亲儿为质十年,回国竟成“妖术之子”?中原这手太狠了!\"

\n

一、雄杰之度,崛起之路

\n

拓跋力微是鲜卑索头部首领,从父亲手中接过首领之位时,部落势力并不强,甚至一度失去自己的领地,若非拓跋力微有雄杰之度和高超外交手段,也就不会有未来的北魏政权。在遭到其他部族进攻导致领地丢失后,拓跋力微依附于没鹿回部首领窦宾,想借窦宾的力量复仇。

\n

在中原王朝,有曹操战败失马时族人曹洪让马逃过一劫,同样,窦宾出征失利失马步走,拓跋力微让出自己的坐骑,不过不同的是窦宾并不知道献马的是谁,“内求与马之人,当加重赏”,拓跋力微隐瞒不报,很久之后窦宾知道了,先是打算将部族的一半土地分给拓跋力微以报答救命之恩,在拓跋力微再三辞让后又将爱女嫁给他。

\n

\"鲜卑霸主亲儿为质十年,回国竟成“妖术之子”?中原这手太狠了!\"

\n

在窦宾的庇护下,拓跋力微将部族北迁长川,“积十数岁,德化大洽,诸旧部民,咸来归附”,更是让窦宾觉得女婿不凡,于是在自己病逝前想让拓跋力微统帅自己的部族,命两个儿子窦速侯、窦回题拥戴,不过已经是一家人的他们在窦宾死后争权,最终拓跋力微胜出,吞并了整个没鹿回部。

\n

为了稳定自己的统治,拓跋力微迁徙部众到定襄郡盛乐城,举行祭天仪式,各部大人都接受邀请出席,只有白部鲜卑大人迟疑不到,直接被拓跋力微杀了,“远近肃然,莫不震慑”,拓跋力微彻底掌握吞并的部族,可用控弦上马二十余万,有了如此庞大的军力,可拓跋力微却舍弃了武力侵边这一条路。

\n

\"鲜卑霸主亲儿为质十年,回国竟成“妖术之子”?中原这手太狠了!\"

\n

二、前车之鉴,亲善中原

\n

拓跋力微的前辈檀石槐,在统一鲜卑后多次率军侵犯东汉缘边九郡,杀害掳掠官吏百姓不计其数,在拒绝东汉王朝封王和亲后更是变本加厉,甚至还击败了汉军,但檀石槐四十五岁便死了,其子无力统领部族导致鲜卑分裂。

\n

下一个有统一鲜卑之心的是轲比能,他在弱小之时向代表中原王朝的曹操臣服,可在强大后心怀异志,在试图吞并所有鲜卑部落时屡次被名将田豫阻拦,由此势力始终未能及檀石槐,不过通过屡次向曹魏示好,以及田豫去世,轲比能还是统一了鲜卑,但被刺客韩龙杀死,鲜卑再度内乱。

\n

\"鲜卑霸主亲儿为质十年,回国竟成“妖术之子”?中原这手太狠了!\"

\n

吸取前辈教训的拓跋力微选择与曹魏和亲,并且收起獠牙不再寇边树敌,甚至派出自己的长子拓跋沙漠汗为质,始终保持与中原王朝的和平,“笃信推诚,不为倚伏以要一时之利,宽恕任真,而遐迩归仰”。拓跋沙漠汗甚至是曹魏最尊贵的宾客,每年获得的金帛缯絮以万计。

\n

而在司马晋取代曹魏后,拓跋力微继续贯彻自己的亲善外交,而不是借口为曹魏报仇兴兵侵略,晋武帝司马炎同样是为温和的皇帝,也乐于维持边疆稳定,因此双方相安无事,可这样的和平终究不会成为永久,一条毒计让拓跋力微努力维持的大好局面分崩离析。

\n

\"鲜卑霸主亲儿为质十年,回国竟成“妖术之子”?中原这手太狠了!\"

\n

三、豪杰暮年,身后之事

\n

考虑到拓跋力微年岁已高,晋武帝不再留拓跋沙漠汗为质,将之护送回去了。晋武帝的示好让拓跋力微很是高兴,再次派遣拓跋沙漠汗进献贡品,可随着拓跋沙漠汗返回的还有一些传言,说他得了晋人异法怪术,会乱国害民,并且由于父子长期分离,彼此疏远,谣言在拓跋力微的心中逐渐发酵,最终促使他下令杀死曾经最喜爱的长子。

\n

暗中散播谣言的是西晋幽州刺史卫瓘,他坚信若是让拓跋沙漠汗为鲜卑新的首领,就是放虎归山,先是劝晋武帝杀之,晋武帝不允,后又献计用重金贿赂拓跋力微手下的各部族首领,挑拔他们与拓跋沙漠汗之间的关系,在内外合力之下,拓跋沙漠汗不能自辩。

\n

\"鲜卑霸主亲儿为质十年,回国竟成“妖术之子”?中原这手太狠了!\"

\n

拓跋力微十分后悔杀死长子,或许是这件事给他的打击过大,加上他自己已经有百岁高龄,拓跋力微重病倒下,他所亲近的乌丸王库贤得到卫瓘的指令,矫称拓跋力微下令要收捕杀害所有参与杀死拓跋沙漠汗的各部族首领长子,成功分化了鲜卑族联盟。

\n

拓跋力微的后代们只能勉强维持局面,不过大部分统领部族三五年便去世,甚至一度亡族,直到拓跋珪抓住机会复族建国称帝,拓跋魏成为继苻坚所建立的前秦之后又一个统一中国北方的政权,甚至差一点就能全取中国成为又一个大一统王朝。

\n

\"鲜卑霸主亲儿为质十年,回国竟成“妖术之子”?中原这手太狠了!\"

\n

拓跋力微能统治部族五十余年且能维持稳定和平局面,在于他成功认识到仅凭武力是没办法打败中原王朝,反而会因为流血事件徒增仇恨,“抄掠边民,虽有所得,而其死伤不足相补,更招寇雠,百姓涂炭,非长计也”。可除了武器更精良,中原汉人还有更强大的智力,比起胡人前辈们,拓跋力微少了侵犯中原之心,也忘了该有防范之心,导致长子死于阴谋之中,也让鲜卑依然没有逃离失去首领就分崩离析的下场。

\n

【转自网络】

\n", - "category": "人文历史", - "link": "https://joyagain.me/2025/06/03/xian-bei-ba-zhu-qin-er-wei-zhi-shi-nian-hui-guo-ji/", - "creator": "Again", - "pubDate": "Tue, 03 Jun 2025 01:56:09 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "zh", - "folder": "博客", - "feed": "我的博客", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "1937685d399adea24b95f0116616f5d2", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "回不去的童年", "description": "*绘画/张石", @@ -191,28 +367,6 @@ "hash": "35fc83539ea635542fcbf4e387dfced3", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "亚太赛每日一牌回顾:精彩的四红心", - "description": "亚太锦标赛结束了,中国男队夺得冠军,在比赛期间所写的“每日一牌”,比赛期间并没有发出,从今天开始,给桥友们提供迟到的每日一牌。 5月18日每日一牌:精彩的4♥ 我们常说,桥牌比的就是判断力和执行力,特别是攻防环节,先判断牌型和牌点位置,再执行完成目标。 本届亚太赛上,中国男队的连勇,在第一循环迎战澳大利亚时,打出了下面这副精彩的做庄。 东家主打4♥ 东家连勇开叫1♥,西家连若旸的3♦是限制性加叫或更好,北家争叫4♣,西家4♥结束叫牌。 首攻是♣,北家兑现两墩♣后,出♦脱手,现 […]", - "content": "

亚太锦标赛结束了,中国男队夺得冠军,在比赛期间所写的“每日一牌”,比赛期间并没有发出,从今天开始,给桥友们提供迟到的每日一牌。

\n
\n

5月18日每日一牌:精彩的4\"♥\"

\n

我们常说,桥牌比的就是判断力和执行力,特别是攻防环节,先判断牌型和牌点位置,再执行完成目标。

\n

本届亚太赛上,中国男队的连勇,在第一循环迎战澳大利亚时,打出了下面这副精彩的做庄。

\n

\"亚太赛每日一牌回顾:精彩的四红心\"

\n

东家主打4\"♥\"

\n

东家连勇开叫1\"♥\",西家连若旸的3\"♦\"是限制性加叫或更好,北家争叫4\"♣\",西家4\"♥\"结束叫牌。

\n

首攻是\"♣\",北家兑现两墩\"♣\"后,出\"♦\"脱手,现在如何考虑?

\n

\"亚太赛每日一牌回顾:精彩的四红心\"

\n

如何把\"♠\"和\"♦\"的输张控制在一个

\n

\"♦\"的飞牌如果成功,什么时候都可以进行,连勇\"♦\"A拿住,两轮将牌停在明手,北家都跟出,如果\"♦\"Q在南家,就需要做好\"♠\"垫掉\"♦\",而联手的\"♠\",有可能输1-2墩,在限制只输1墩\"♠\"的情况下,能否获得3墩就是焦点。

\n

北家在4阶上争叫,他很可能有\"♠\"K,但也不是绝对的,如果北家是3张\"♠\"且有K,庄家几乎无法避免输掉两墩\"♠\",如果是两张\"♠\"且有K,则可以先拔\"♠\"A,北家不解封,就再拔掉\"♦\"K,打\"♠\"投入北家。

\n

但北家如果没有\"♠\"K呢?可以飞中\"♠\"K且送3-3,用第4张\"♠\"垫\"♦\",也可以打南家4张以上\"♠\"和\"♦\"Q,挤住南家。

\n

所以,现在首先需要进行的,就是\"♠\"K的判断。

\n

连勇找到一个好办法,他从明手出小\"♠\",此时北家有\"♠\"K很难不上,至少是给北家增加了一定的压力,如果北家出小牌,可以假设南家有\"♠\"K,然后根据北家的牌型对南家实施不同的操作:

\n

兑现\"♦\"K,北家如果跟出\"♦\",则\"♠\"不超过2张,可以兑现将牌挤住南家;如果北家跟不出\"♦\",则\"♠\"是3-3,下一圈飞\"♠\"K就可以做好第四张\"♠\"。

\n

\"亚太赛每日一牌回顾:精彩的四红心\"

\n

从明手出\"♠\"做试探打法

\n

实战中,当连勇打小\"♠\"到10,南家打出K,意图迷惑连勇,但连勇仍然采取挤牌路线做成了定约。

\n

全手牌如下:

\n

\"亚太赛每日一牌回顾:精彩的四红心\"

\n

南家被挤住

\n

这副牌在锦标赛公团中,只有连勇一桌做成了4\"♥\"。与中国台北队对阵的新西兰的庄家,因为北家争叫\"♣\",判断北家有\"♠\"K,他决定打北家双张K,但没有成功,亚洲桥王黄光辉建议,如果打\"♠\"K在北家,可以先从明手出小\"♠\",这正是连勇实战的打法。

\n

澳大利亚的庄家则飞\"♠\"K,虽然成功,但他却追求3-3,定约宕掉。

\n", - "category": "桥牌", - "link": "https://joyagain.me/2025/06/02/ya-tai-sai-mei-ri-yi-pai-hui-gu-jing-cai-de-si-hon/", - "creator": "Again", - "pubDate": "Mon, 02 Jun 2025 03:47:12 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "zh", - "folder": "博客", - "feed": "我的博客", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "7ec6e5fec9edace393e0be78303e0ed5", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "Progressive Web App(PWA)", "description": "一、前期介绍 1、为什么要将PWA作为本次的技术分享 2017年11月份,谷歌在上海举办了一个开发者大会,期间在很多会场都有关于PWA的介绍,作者认为谷歌在致力于推行这项技术,那么技术上还是很先进的,于是有了如下分享。 2、简单介绍 PWA的中文名叫做渐进式网页应用,早在2014年, W3C 公布过 Service Worker 的相关草案,但是其在生产环境被 Chrome 支持是在 2015 年。因此,如果我们把 PWA 的关键技术之一 Service Worker 的出现 […]", @@ -235,28 +389,6 @@ "hash": "7eb605f2f7855ad45e64e364eb14a32d", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "人这一辈子,就像坐过山车。", - "description": "年轻时拼命往上爬,生怕自己掉队,退休后才发现,原来真正的高级活法,是学会"销声匿迹"——不是躲进深山当隐士,而是把日子过得像一壶老茶,不声不响,但滋味悠长。 一、别总急着晒行踪:低调才是顶级情商 年轻时总怕被遗忘,朋友圈恨不得每分钟更新定位。 但退休后你会发现,真正的聪明人,活得像"潜水艇"——表面静悄悄,底下自有乾坤。 晚清名臣曾国藩退休后闭门谢客,天天捧着《资治通鉴》啃,结果暗地里推动幼童留学计划。 他精心选拔优秀幼童,安排他们赴美 […]", - "content": "

年轻时拼命往上爬,生怕自己掉队,退休后才发现,原来真正的高级活法,是学会"销声匿迹"——不是躲进深山当隐士,而是把日子过得像一壶老茶,不声不响,但滋味悠长。

\n

\"人这一辈子,就像坐过山车。\"

\n

一、别总急着晒行踪:低调才是顶级情商

\n

年轻时总怕被遗忘,朋友圈恨不得每分钟更新定位。

\n

但退休后你会发现,真正的聪明人,活得像"潜水艇"——表面静悄悄,底下自有乾坤。

\n

晚清名臣曾国藩退休后闭门谢客,天天捧着《资治通鉴》啃,结果暗地里推动幼童留学计划。

\n

他精心选拔优秀幼童,安排他们赴美学习先进技术与管理,为中国的近代化培养出一批杰出人才,如铁路工程师詹天佑等。

\n

这老头儿活明白了:"闷声干大事,比敲锣打鼓管用。"

\n

杭州有个退休教授,以前天天晒养生食谱、旅行打卡,结果三个月血压飙升,差点中风。

\n

后来他关朋友圈,在家练书法、写回忆录,反倒整出20万字的自传,血压也稳得像西湖的水。

\n

你看,退休后的"隐形模式",不是逃避,而是给自己留片清净地,就像日本茶道说的:"留三分神秘,才能品出七分滋味。"

\n

二、有钱没钱别瞎显摆:守住钱包就是守住晚年

\n

上海社科院去年调研发现,75%的退休纠纷都是钱惹的祸。

\n

我邻居张阿姨,退休金不少,结果跟亲戚聊家常时漏了句"存款够养老",三个月被七大姑八大姨借走20万,最后只能卖房还债。

\n

反观楼下王叔,明明炒股赚得盆满钵满,但见人就说"刚够买菜",转头却偷偷资助山区学生。

\n

这老狐狸深谙北宋范仲淹的套路——"善行不留名,才能善始善终。"

\n

真正的财富自由,从来不是银行卡数字,而是"兜里有钱,心里不慌"。

\n

就像陶渊明说的:"不戚戚于贫贱,不汲汲于富贵。"

\n

退休后守住钱包,守住的更是晚年的安宁。

\n

为了保持这种内心的平静与安宁,可以尝试一些具体方法。

\n

例如,每天进行冥想或瑜伽,这些活动能够帮助缓解压力,使心情更加平静。

\n

另外,培养兴趣爱好如绘画或园艺,可以让人专注于当下,忘却烦恼。

\n

还可以多与志同道合的朋友交流,分享彼此的生活经验,从而获得心灵上的慰藉和支持。

\n

三、心里话烂肚子里:沉默是金,开口是坑

\n

战国时期的楚庄王,三年装哑巴,憋出个春秋五霸。

\n

退休后更得学会这招"藏心术"。

\n

北京某医院统计,68%的退休抑郁症都是"话太多"惹的祸。

\n

要运用好"藏心术",关键在于把握好倾诉的度。

\n

我认识个老局长,退休后天天跟人吹嘘当年威风,结果被小辈坑了养老金,差点跳楼。

\n

反观苏州退休干部老张,锁起工作日记当"哑巴",却在社区教书法,有人问起当年政绩,他只笑答:"笔尖记得比人脑清楚。"

\n

德国哲学家叔本华说:"隐私是灵魂的盔甲。"

\n

退休后的心事,就像老酒,自个儿慢慢品,比倒给别人听强百倍。

\n

成都茶馆里那些老头,各坐一隅喝茶,不打听别人家事,不炫耀自己过往,这才是活得通透的活教材。

\n

四、悲喜自个儿消化:情绪稳定才是长寿密码

\n

《黄帝内经》说:"心动则百病生。"

\n

南京文物修复师周老,年轻时修复过国宝级青花瓷,后来藏品流失海外拍卖,他只淡笑:"见过便是缘分。"

\n

这份淡定让他80岁还能执笔修《韩熙载夜宴图》。

\n

加州大学研究发现,情绪内敛的老人端粒比话痨同龄人年轻5-7岁,相当于多活十年!

\n

退休后的悲喜,就像景德镇的冰裂纹瓷器——美在留白处。

\n

玄武湖晨练的老头,打完太极拂袖而去,连名字都不留,这才是老子说的"大音希声"。

\n

南京有个退休医生,老伴走了十年,他每天对着空椅子说"今日晴",把悲伤熬成茶,自己倒成了社区最长寿的"神仙"。

\n

古往今来,类似的例子不胜枚举。

\n

陶渊明辞官归隐田园,在平凡的日子里寻觅内心的宁静;

\n

苏轼一生坎坷,多次被贬,却始终保持着豁达的心态,留下"人有悲欢离合,月有阴晴圆缺,此事古难全"的千古名句。

\n

他们的故事,无不体现了情绪稳定的重要性。

\n

退休后的销声匿迹,是场向内生长的修行

\n

杨绛先生说得好:"与独处相安,与万事言和。"

\n

年轻时我们像向日葵,追着太阳转;退休后得学竹子,静立风中,根却往土里深扎。

\n

别怕被遗忘,你活成自己的样子,比活在别人眼里重要百倍。

\n

就像西湖边的老柳树,不争春光,却成了文人墨客写不尽的风景。

\n

【转自网络】

\n", - "category": "健康休闲", - "link": "https://joyagain.me/2025/05/27/ren-zhe-yi-bei-zi-jiu-xiang-zuo-guo-shan-che/", - "creator": "Again", - "pubDate": "Tue, 27 May 2025 12:21:36 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "zh", - "folder": "博客", - "feed": "我的博客", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "041075d2f456d788fb7f799b04c0d1de", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "发现一个奇怪的现象:夫妻之间凡是感情不和的,大都“五感不通”", "description": "听过这样一句话:“婚姻是围城,三观不合的人困于其中,既无法亲近,也难以脱身,只能在彼此消耗中苦苦挣扎。” 年少时,总以为找个三观契合的人,婚姻就会幸福。 可现实是,哪怕三观一致,也会因生活方式不同而争执不断,频繁冷战,最终相看生厌。 直到后来才明白,好的婚姻,不仅在于想法一致,更在于五感相通。 一个眼神、一句肯定、一次倾听、一个拥抱、一分理解……这些细微之处,才是感情长久的养分。 看见对方,比争对错更重要 有句话说:“爱情是一颗蜜糖,会不断放大对方的优点;婚姻是现实,会放大对 […]", @@ -279,28 +411,6 @@ "hash": "9728f15dd91d2a3640e9e0f9d0243462", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "明朝发生了一件怪事,被列为世界三大未解之谜,600多年至今无解", - "description": "自古以来,这个世界上就充满了各种奇异事件,它们如同迷雾中的幻影,即便在人类科技日益发达的今天,仍有许多难题悬而未解,仿佛是大自然对人类智慧的一种挑衅。古人对于未知现象往往崇尚鬼神之说,由于文献记载稀少,那些怪异之事大多依靠民间口耳相传,成为茶余饭后的谈资,也为历史增添了一抹神秘的色彩。 在明朝天启六年,即公元1626年5月30日,北京城发生了一场前所未有的神秘大爆炸,这场灾难不仅造成了巨大的人员伤亡,更因其种种怪异现象而令人啧啧称奇,至今仍是一个未解之谜。当日,死伤者众多,且 […]", - "content": "

自古以来,这个世界上就充满了各种奇异事件,它们如同迷雾中的幻影,即便在人类科技日益发达的今天,仍有许多难题悬而未解,仿佛是大自然对人类智慧的一种挑衅。古人对于未知现象往往崇尚鬼神之说,由于文献记载稀少,那些怪异之事大多依靠民间口耳相传,成为茶余饭后的谈资,也为历史增添了一抹神秘的色彩。

\n

\"明朝发生了一件怪事,被列为世界三大未解之谜,600多年至今无解\"

\n

在明朝天启六年,即公元1626年5月30日,北京城发生了一场前所未有的神秘大爆炸,这场灾难不仅造成了巨大的人员伤亡,更因其种种怪异现象而令人啧啧称奇,至今仍是一个未解之谜。当日,死伤者众多,且令人匪夷所思的是,所有死伤者均呈裸体状态,这一奇特现象无疑为这场爆炸笼上了一层更加神秘的面纱。

\n

在爆炸发生之前,北京城已经出现了诸多不祥之兆。持续的旱灾让土地干裂,庄稼枯萎,百姓们忧心忡忡;而在炎炎夏日,竟然出现了霜冻现象,寒气逼人,仿佛是大自然在预示着一场浩劫的来临。更有人们莫名其妙地昏迷不醒,火神庙内也传出了阵阵怪异的音乐声,这一切的一切,都如同灾难前的序曲,让人心中充满了不安。

\n

终于,在那个看似平静的午后,东北方向的天空突然传来了一阵沉闷的雷声,紧接着,一声巨响震彻云霄,火光冲天而起,将整片天空映得一片通红。大地开始剧烈摇晃,仿佛是天崩地裂一般。当时的皇帝朱由检正在皇宫之中,他惊慌失措地躲在桌下,才幸免于难。爆炸过后,朱由检接到了大臣们的奏折,才得知这场灾难的起因原来是北京城内的王恭厂火药库发生了爆炸。

\n

\"明朝发生了一件怪事,被列为世界三大未解之谜,600多年至今无解\"

\n

据史书记载,这次爆炸的范围半径达到了750米,面积覆盖了2.25平方公里之广,死伤人数更是高达2万余人,其威力相当于1万至2万吨TNT炸药爆炸所产生的破坏力。这样的灾难,对于当时的北京城来说,无疑是一场灭顶之灾。

\n

《国榷》一书中详细记载了这场爆炸的惨烈景象。火神庙的守门内臣在爆炸前听到了三叠乐音,随后便看见一个火球从庙内滚出。东城方向传来了如同霹雳般的巨响,朱由检在慌乱中躲避,连御座都被震得倾斜。大殿内的工匠们纷纷坠亡,死伤者均呈裸体状态,他们的衣服被爆炸的气流吹挂到了西山的树上。昌平教场更是衣服成堆,员弘寺街上的一顶轿子中的女子虽然赤身裸体却奇迹般地毫发无损。王恭厂周边的幸存者也都目睹了这一幕,死伤者皆一丝不挂,衣服被吹至西山,有人推测这是爆炸产生的强大气流将衣服撕开。

\n

然而,《国榷》中的另一记载却让这一推测产生了疑问。员弘寺街那顶轿中的女子在爆炸后不仅未受伤,连衣服也凭空消失了,这用气流说来解释显然难以服众。于是,关于这场爆炸的原因,人们众说纷纭。有人认为是触怒了火神,遭到了天谴;也有人认为是奸细所为,故意制造混乱。但这些说法都无法给出一个令人信服的解释。

\n

\"明朝发生了一件怪事,被列为世界三大未解之谜,600多年至今无解\"

\n

专家们对此也各执一词,有人认为是地震引发的爆炸,有人认为是龙卷风作祟,还有人提出了陨石撞击和火药自燃等说法。但遗憾的是,这些观点都没有切实的证据来支持。这场被称为“天启大爆炸”的灾难,与“印度死丘事件”和“通古斯大爆炸”并称为世界三大自然灾难,成为了人类历史上永远无法抹去的谜团。

\n

时至今日,当我们回望这段历史时,仍然不禁对那场神秘的大爆炸感到震撼和好奇。它不仅是人类历史上的一次重大灾难,更是对人类智慧的一次挑战。或许在未来的某一天,随着科技的进步和考古的发现,我们能够揭开这场爆炸的神秘面纱,还原历史的真相。但在此之前,它仍将作为一段传奇故事,流传在世间,激发着人们对未知世界的探索和对生命的敬畏。

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【转自网络】

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我们读范仲淹“浊酒一杯家万里,燕然未勒归无计”,感受其戍边艰辛;看《杨家将》浴血抗辽、狄青征讨西夏,知其惨烈。但支撑前线“金戈铁马”的巨额军费从何而来?答案之一,竟藏在北宋皇家养象所的“门票”里!



当市民花几个铜板,争相围观东南亚进贡的珍稀大象表演跪拜、吼叫、驮人时,门票收入正涓涓流入国库。这些本该只在皇家典礼上露脸的“祥瑞”,被逼转型“卖艺”,成了特殊的“筹款大使”。


一边是边疆烽火与财政重压,一边是皇家动物园里的萌兽“营业”,北宋朝廷在困局中展现的务实与灵活,尽显于此。



仪仗以外的“副业”

御象的商业化表演


北宋皇家仪仗队中,来自东南亚的巨象可以说是皇家威严的象征。这些由占城、真腊等东南亚国家进贡的“祥瑞”大象,专司重大典礼仪仗。在宋朝隆重的典礼——南郊祭天大礼上,驯象的地位十分突出,戏分较重。在北宋熙宁六年(1073)的郊祀之前,宋神宗专门诏颁《南郊教象仪制》:


“所用转光旗十五,铜沙罗一,鼓十,乘骑人七,簇引旗鼓人三十一。排引日,选驯象六,在六引之前,行中道,分左右,各备鞍、莲花座、紫罗绣鞔、蕉盘、钤铎、杏叶络头。一人骑,四人簇引,并花脚乌巾、乘徘绝青樱桃锦络缝四衣,涂金双鹿带。一内侍押象,绣衣执挝。”


仪仗中有六象,另备用一象,称“副象”。围绕六象的有旗帜、锣鼓器乐,每象一人骑乘,四人在前引导,另有宦官一人穿绣衣执兵械担任主管。辽宁博物馆藏“北宋卤簿钟”上,即有驯象仪仗的图像。这意味着,作为仪仗的驯象队伍,本身还有一套仪仗,其中仅人员至少就有三十九人。而且单独制定、皇帝亲自颁布《南郊教象仪制》,其在典礼中的作用之大、地位之高可想而知。类似情况为后代继承,一直延续到清朝。



但御象在担任皇家仪仗队的职责以外,其实也进行专门的娱乐表演,甚至收取相应的门票收入。北宋熙宁五年(1072)十月七日,一位名叫成寻的日本僧人,路过应天府养象所时,观看驯象表演,载入日记:


到象厩。一屋有三头象,东一屋有四头象。先见三头象,有饲象人教象,有外国僧等来见,可拜。第一象屈后二足,垂头拜踞。次教可称诺由,即出气、出声。高一丈二尺许,长一丈六尺许,鼻长六尺许,牙长七尺,曲向上,以鼻卷取刍食之。象师与钱五十文了。望第二象所,象师又乞钱,五文与了。拜诺同前,高一丈,长一丈三尺,有牙。次至第三象所,高长同第一象,拜诺同前,与钱同前。三象皆男象也。至四头屋,第一象高长同前,第一象拜诺、与钱同前,女象也。有左牙,一尺五寸许,右无牙。第二象无女象牙,拜诺、与钱如前。第三象,牡象也。高一丈三尺,长一丈七尺许,屈四足拜诺,声极高,人人大惊,三声出之,与钱同前。第四象,牡象也。与钱五文。后象师从牙登顶上,举牙,令登人,是希有事也。高一丈四尺许,长一丈八尺许,屈后二足,拜诺同前。皆黑象也。后二足付绳系也。


这七头驯象,日常为游客表演跪拜、唱喏、象牙载人等节目,均为有偿演出。成寻一行总共付费七次,大概是入场费五十文,每表演一次再交五文,凡六次三十文,共八十文钱。朝廷养象所显然又是皇家动物园和马戏团,毕竟充当仪仗的时间有限,有条件在大部分业余时间内通过表演赚钱。而且,这些大象是按照性别分屋饲养,例如“三头屋”为雄象、“四头屋”含雌象,可以看出宋人对大象的科学管理。


这种让尊贵的皇家仪仗象“屈尊”卖艺的做法,背后是北宋王朝沉重的财政包袱——“三冗”(冗兵、冗官、冗费)。庞大的军费、高昂的官俸、沉重的岁币,让国库常年吃紧。同时,传统的田赋、专卖收入捉襟见肘,朝廷必须绞尽脑汁开源。



这种将皇家象征转化为商业资源的做法,可以说是北宋朝廷在财政压力下的一种尝试。随着疆域收缩和战事频发,传统的赋税收入难以填补军费窟窿,统治者不得不将目光投向皇家资产的“闲置价值”。养象所的日常开销本就由国库承担,而让大象在非仪仗时段进行表演,既能增加收入以补贴财政,又能让这些珍稀动物发挥额外作用,可谓一举两得。这种“以象创收”的模式,在当时或许面临着一些关于皇家体面的争议,但从实际效果来看,确为朝廷开辟了一条新的财源,也让普通市民有机会近距离接触到原本遥不可及的皇家“祥瑞”,在一定程度上拉近了皇家与民间的距离。而这种务实的经济思维,也为后来南宋时期皇家园林等资源的商业化利用提供了早期的借鉴。


动物园创收

玉津园与公共开放的财政潜力


宋人,除了可以在应天府养象所看到贡象的娱乐表演外,还可以在“动物园”定期参观它们以及其他奇珍异兽。以东京玉津园为例,作为著名的动物园,东京玉津园饲养着犀牛、孔雀、驯象等动物。据《玉海》载:


“(北宋)乾德五年八月,有象自岭南来,至都城外获之。其后吴越、广南、交州继献驯象四十五头,于南熏门外玉津园东北置养象所,作驯象旗。”


乾德五年(967),一头野生象从岭南北迁至北宋都城开封,被官方捕获。吴越、广南、交州等南方政权为示臣服,接连进贡45头驯象,显示北宋对南方的政治影响力。朝廷在南薰门外的玉津园东北处设立了养象所,并创制了用于仪仗的旗帜“驯象旗”。



北宋大中祥符五年(1012),宋真宗正式下诏:


“诏诸国狮子、驯象、奇兽列于外苑,谕群臣就苑中游宴。”


玉津园就变成了汇集诸国狮子、大象、灵犀等海外奇兽的皇家宠物乐园。而且每年三四月份,玉津园还对所有人开放,洪迈《夷坚志》写道:


“大观中,宿州士人钱君兄弟游上庠。方春月,待试,因休暇出游玉津园。”


钱君兄弟还在待试,暂无功名在身,此时应当是一般的市民身份,可见宋代平民也可以到玉津园内观赏这些奇珍异兽,这些大象、狮子就成了大宋百姓也可以参观的“宠物”,与此同时,玉津园也从皇家兽苑转向公共空间。


如果只是说到饲养各种奇珍动物的皇家园林,实际上可以追溯到商朝,商纣建造的沙丘苑台、周文王修建的灵囿等园林。但是,宋代“玉津园”有别于前者的一点,则是前面提到的,它在每年三四月份会对所有人开放,其中体现的“公共性”与我们现在所提到的“动物园”更有相似之处,在某种意义上,宋代“玉津园”已经具备现代动物园的雏形。



其实,包括“玉津园”在内的宋代园林,无论是皇家园林还是私人园林,都有对市民开放的传统,这使得宋代园林从某种程度上成了宋代市民的“公园”。每年三月,春暖花开时节,各个私家园林打开院门迎接往来市民游玩,史料记载,司马光的独乐园是时人春游必到之处,看园的园丁曾将收得门票钱数千交予司马光,司马光坚辞不受。除了私家园林,每年皇家园林也会开园供市民游玩,如金明池、琼林苑、玉津园等。据《东京梦华录》卷七记载:


“三月一日,州西顺天门外开金明池、球林苑,每日教习车驾上池仪范,虽禁从,士庶许纵赏,御史台有榜不得弹劾。”



虽然史料中未明确记载玉津园收取门票的具体数额,但从私家园林如独乐园园丁能收得数千门票钱来看,皇家园林凭借其珍稀的动物资源和独特的皇家背景,在开放期间所产生的经济效益应该不容小觑。市民入园观赏奇珍异兽,除了可能直接支付的“入园费”,园内或许还存在售卖饮食、玩具等周边商品的摊位,这些收入也能为朝廷带来额外的财政补充。例如南宋临安预演象仪时:


“又命象院教前导朱旗,以二金三鼓为节,各有幞头紫衣蛮奴乘之,手执短钁,旋转跪起,悉如人意。” ——《武林旧事》


“御街观者如堵。市井扑卖土木粉捏妆彩小象儿,并纸画者,外郡人市去,为土宜遗送。” ——《梦粱录》


两地的商人们利用这个商机,开发销售彩塑小象或驯象图画,作为都城的特产被外地游客买走,当作礼品馈送亲友。


这种将皇家禁地适度向公众开放并从中获取收益的方式,打破了以往皇家资源的封闭性,属于北宋朝廷有别于前朝的一种创新尝试。这种做法与御象的商业化表演一脉相承,都是在财政重压下,对皇家资源进行商业化开发的具体体现,共同构成了北宋朝廷独特的“经济智慧”。



参考资料:

《宋史》

《宋会要辑稿》

袁一堂:《论北宋中期的财政危机》,《史学月刊》,1990年第3期。

菅明军:《北宋中期的财政危机及其振兴之道》,《中州今古》,1994年第1期。

王德利:《宋代的玉津园》,《黄河科技大学学报》,2012年第5期。

王风扬:《宋人动物饲养与休闲生活》,华东师范大学硕士学位论文,2014年4月25日。

程民生:《宋代大象的自然与社会生态》,《中原文化研究》,2021年5月14日。


*本文系“国家人文历史”独家稿件,欢迎读者转发朋友圈。


END
作者 | 易北
编辑 | 胡心雅
 主编 | 周斌
排版 | 徐沁(实习)
校对 | 张斌
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进击的士族

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我们读范仲淹“浊酒一杯家万里,燕然未勒归无计”,感受其戍边艰辛;看《杨家将》浴血抗辽、狄青征讨西夏,知其惨烈。但支撑前线“金戈铁马”的巨额军费从何而来?答案之一,竟藏在北宋皇家养象所的“门票”里!



当市民花几个铜板,争相围观东南亚进贡的珍稀大象表演跪拜、吼叫、驮人时,门票收入正涓涓流入国库。这些本该只在皇家典礼上露脸的“祥瑞”,被逼转型“卖艺”,成了特殊的“筹款大使”。


一边是边疆烽火与财政重压,一边是皇家动物园里的萌兽“营业”,北宋朝廷在困局中展现的务实与灵活,尽显于此。



仪仗以外的“副业”

御象的商业化表演


北宋皇家仪仗队中,来自东南亚的巨象可以说是皇家威严的象征。这些由占城、真腊等东南亚国家进贡的“祥瑞”大象,专司重大典礼仪仗。在宋朝隆重的典礼——南郊祭天大礼上,驯象的地位十分突出,戏分较重。在北宋熙宁六年(1073)的郊祀之前,宋神宗专门诏颁《南郊教象仪制》:


“所用转光旗十五,铜沙罗一,鼓十,乘骑人七,簇引旗鼓人三十一。排引日,选驯象六,在六引之前,行中道,分左右,各备鞍、莲花座、紫罗绣鞔、蕉盘、钤铎、杏叶络头。一人骑,四人簇引,并花脚乌巾、乘徘绝青樱桃锦络缝四衣,涂金双鹿带。一内侍押象,绣衣执挝。”


仪仗中有六象,另备用一象,称“副象”。围绕六象的有旗帜、锣鼓器乐,每象一人骑乘,四人在前引导,另有宦官一人穿绣衣执兵械担任主管。辽宁博物馆藏“北宋卤簿钟”上,即有驯象仪仗的图像。这意味着,作为仪仗的驯象队伍,本身还有一套仪仗,其中仅人员至少就有三十九人。而且单独制定、皇帝亲自颁布《南郊教象仪制》,其在典礼中的作用之大、地位之高可想而知。类似情况为后代继承,一直延续到清朝。



但御象在担任皇家仪仗队的职责以外,其实也进行专门的娱乐表演,甚至收取相应的门票收入。北宋熙宁五年(1072)十月七日,一位名叫成寻的日本僧人,路过应天府养象所时,观看驯象表演,载入日记:


到象厩。一屋有三头象,东一屋有四头象。先见三头象,有饲象人教象,有外国僧等来见,可拜。第一象屈后二足,垂头拜踞。次教可称诺由,即出气、出声。高一丈二尺许,长一丈六尺许,鼻长六尺许,牙长七尺,曲向上,以鼻卷取刍食之。象师与钱五十文了。望第二象所,象师又乞钱,五文与了。拜诺同前,高一丈,长一丈三尺,有牙。次至第三象所,高长同第一象,拜诺同前,与钱同前。三象皆男象也。至四头屋,第一象高长同前,第一象拜诺、与钱同前,女象也。有左牙,一尺五寸许,右无牙。第二象无女象牙,拜诺、与钱如前。第三象,牡象也。高一丈三尺,长一丈七尺许,屈四足拜诺,声极高,人人大惊,三声出之,与钱同前。第四象,牡象也。与钱五文。后象师从牙登顶上,举牙,令登人,是希有事也。高一丈四尺许,长一丈八尺许,屈后二足,拜诺同前。皆黑象也。后二足付绳系也。


这七头驯象,日常为游客表演跪拜、唱喏、象牙载人等节目,均为有偿演出。成寻一行总共付费七次,大概是入场费五十文,每表演一次再交五文,凡六次三十文,共八十文钱。朝廷养象所显然又是皇家动物园和马戏团,毕竟充当仪仗的时间有限,有条件在大部分业余时间内通过表演赚钱。而且,这些大象是按照性别分屋饲养,例如“三头屋”为雄象、“四头屋”含雌象,可以看出宋人对大象的科学管理。


这种让尊贵的皇家仪仗象“屈尊”卖艺的做法,背后是北宋王朝沉重的财政包袱——“三冗”(冗兵、冗官、冗费)。庞大的军费、高昂的官俸、沉重的岁币,让国库常年吃紧。同时,传统的田赋、专卖收入捉襟见肘,朝廷必须绞尽脑汁开源。



这种将皇家象征转化为商业资源的做法,可以说是北宋朝廷在财政压力下的一种尝试。随着疆域收缩和战事频发,传统的赋税收入难以填补军费窟窿,统治者不得不将目光投向皇家资产的“闲置价值”。养象所的日常开销本就由国库承担,而让大象在非仪仗时段进行表演,既能增加收入以补贴财政,又能让这些珍稀动物发挥额外作用,可谓一举两得。这种“以象创收”的模式,在当时或许面临着一些关于皇家体面的争议,但从实际效果来看,确为朝廷开辟了一条新的财源,也让普通市民有机会近距离接触到原本遥不可及的皇家“祥瑞”,在一定程度上拉近了皇家与民间的距离。而这种务实的经济思维,也为后来南宋时期皇家园林等资源的商业化利用提供了早期的借鉴。


动物园创收

玉津园与公共开放的财政潜力


宋人,除了可以在应天府养象所看到贡象的娱乐表演外,还可以在“动物园”定期参观它们以及其他奇珍异兽。以东京玉津园为例,作为著名的动物园,东京玉津园饲养着犀牛、孔雀、驯象等动物。据《玉海》载:


“(北宋)乾德五年八月,有象自岭南来,至都城外获之。其后吴越、广南、交州继献驯象四十五头,于南熏门外玉津园东北置养象所,作驯象旗。”


乾德五年(967),一头野生象从岭南北迁至北宋都城开封,被官方捕获。吴越、广南、交州等南方政权为示臣服,接连进贡45头驯象,显示北宋对南方的政治影响力。朝廷在南薰门外的玉津园东北处设立了养象所,并创制了用于仪仗的旗帜“驯象旗”。



北宋大中祥符五年(1012),宋真宗正式下诏:


“诏诸国狮子、驯象、奇兽列于外苑,谕群臣就苑中游宴。”


玉津园就变成了汇集诸国狮子、大象、灵犀等海外奇兽的皇家宠物乐园。而且每年三四月份,玉津园还对所有人开放,洪迈《夷坚志》写道:


“大观中,宿州士人钱君兄弟游上庠。方春月,待试,因休暇出游玉津园。”


钱君兄弟还在待试,暂无功名在身,此时应当是一般的市民身份,可见宋代平民也可以到玉津园内观赏这些奇珍异兽,这些大象、狮子就成了大宋百姓也可以参观的“宠物”,与此同时,玉津园也从皇家兽苑转向公共空间。


如果只是说到饲养各种奇珍动物的皇家园林,实际上可以追溯到商朝,商纣建造的沙丘苑台、周文王修建的灵囿等园林。但是,宋代“玉津园”有别于前者的一点,则是前面提到的,它在每年三四月份会对所有人开放,其中体现的“公共性”与我们现在所提到的“动物园”更有相似之处,在某种意义上,宋代“玉津园”已经具备现代动物园的雏形。



其实,包括“玉津园”在内的宋代园林,无论是皇家园林还是私人园林,都有对市民开放的传统,这使得宋代园林从某种程度上成了宋代市民的“公园”。每年三月,春暖花开时节,各个私家园林打开院门迎接往来市民游玩,史料记载,司马光的独乐园是时人春游必到之处,看园的园丁曾将收得门票钱数千交予司马光,司马光坚辞不受。除了私家园林,每年皇家园林也会开园供市民游玩,如金明池、琼林苑、玉津园等。据《东京梦华录》卷七记载:


“三月一日,州西顺天门外开金明池、球林苑,每日教习车驾上池仪范,虽禁从,士庶许纵赏,御史台有榜不得弹劾。”



虽然史料中未明确记载玉津园收取门票的具体数额,但从私家园林如独乐园园丁能收得数千门票钱来看,皇家园林凭借其珍稀的动物资源和独特的皇家背景,在开放期间所产生的经济效益应该不容小觑。市民入园观赏奇珍异兽,除了可能直接支付的“入园费”,园内或许还存在售卖饮食、玩具等周边商品的摊位,这些收入也能为朝廷带来额外的财政补充。例如南宋临安预演象仪时:


“又命象院教前导朱旗,以二金三鼓为节,各有幞头紫衣蛮奴乘之,手执短钁,旋转跪起,悉如人意。” ——《武林旧事》


“御街观者如堵。市井扑卖土木粉捏妆彩小象儿,并纸画者,外郡人市去,为土宜遗送。” ——《梦粱录》


两地的商人们利用这个商机,开发销售彩塑小象或驯象图画,作为都城的特产被外地游客买走,当作礼品馈送亲友。


这种将皇家禁地适度向公众开放并从中获取收益的方式,打破了以往皇家资源的封闭性,属于北宋朝廷有别于前朝的一种创新尝试。这种做法与御象的商业化表演一脉相承,都是在财政重压下,对皇家资源进行商业化开发的具体体现,共同构成了北宋朝廷独特的“经济智慧”。



参考资料:

《宋史》

《宋会要辑稿》

袁一堂:《论北宋中期的财政危机》,《史学月刊》,1990年第3期。

菅明军:《北宋中期的财政危机及其振兴之道》,《中州今古》,1994年第1期。

王德利:《宋代的玉津园》,《黄河科技大学学报》,2012年第5期。

王风扬:《宋人动物饲养与休闲生活》,华东师范大学硕士学位论文,2014年4月25日。

程民生:《宋代大象的自然与社会生态》,《中原文化研究》,2021年5月14日。


*本文系“国家人文历史”独家稿件,欢迎读者转发朋友圈。


END
作者 | 易北
编辑 | 胡心雅
 主编 | 周斌
排版 | 徐沁(实习)
校对 | 张斌
\"图片\"

国历好物
\"图片\"

进击的士族

旁落的皇权

跨越五百年的权力对抗史

国民历史读物《国家人文历史》专业团队

最新力作

展现士族潮起潮落的史诗级历史画卷

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点击下方封面,即可购买



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", "category": "", - "link": "https://sspai.com/post/101678", - "creator": "FeiTTT", - "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 11:00:00 +0800", + "link": "http://weixin.sogou.com/weixin?type=2&query=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2+%E6%89%93%E4%BB%97%E7%BC%BA%E9%92%B1%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%8A%9E%EF%BC%9F%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%EF%BC%9A%E5%BF%AB%E8%AE%A9%E4%BB%AA%E4%BB%97%E9%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E8%B1%A1%E5%87%BA%E5%8E%BB%E5%8D%96%E8%89%BA%EF%BC%81", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 14:12:00 +0800", "enclosure": "", "enclosureType": "", "image": "", "id": "", - "language": "zh", - "folder": "资讯", - "feed": "少数派", + "language": "", + "folder": "人文", + "feed": "国家人文历史", "read": false, "favorite": false, "created": false, "tags": [], - "hash": "57f7af184a26d69b6068c35e9170bae4", + "hash": "1c4a85c043bf00ccdf367f41b683bd78", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "21岁少年意外捡漏当上皇帝,却为何150天后惨死?", + "description": "


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论及历朝历代各位皇帝的即位方式,可谓是群英荟萃各有千秋。唐太宗李世民,历经血色政变登上帝位;宋仁宗赵祯“稳稳地幸福”,从少年太子平稳过渡成为九五至尊;加上从九子夺嫡的暗流涌动中杀出重围的雍正,三人都是不同的典型代表。



若不考虑知名度,还有这样一位二十一岁的年轻藩王,在短短一百五十天中,从意外受诏承袭皇位沦落到用一根麻绳结束生命。这段短暂而充满戏剧性的统治,囊括了五代时期残酷无情的权力法则。


意外的皇位:是福是祸躲不过


长兴四年(933年)十二月初一,洛阳的二仪殿沉浸在一片肃杀当中。明宗驾崩后第三天,灵柩尚滞留于大殿中,其子李从厚才匆匆从邺城返回洛阳,未来得及掉一滴眼泪,便于父亲棺前举行了登基大典,史称后唐闵帝。


李从厚是后唐明宗的第三子,从小喜读经典,知晓礼节,“为人形质丰厚,寡言好礼”,又因为长相酷似明宗,甚得父亲喜爱。或许是深知在当前藩镇林立的格局下,其处事柔软的个性不适合在乱世中斡旋,明宗并没有单凭喜爱便将李从厚纳为储君,而是早早地将他封为宋王,派遣至地位重要的邺城镇守。



可惜的是,明宗也许天生子女缘分浅薄,几个儿子都没能长久地为他效力。他最看好的嫡长子李从璟,“性忠勇沉厚,摧坚陷阵”,是宗室中少有的人才,可惜在助明宗登上帝位的邺都兵变中离世。长子遇难后,在当时参与“皇位争夺战”的众多王子中,综合实力最强、最有竞争力的是现长子李从荣,他也一直被明宗当作继承人来培养。可他的性格桀骜不驯,时常自恃功高挑起事端,因此明宗最后只封其为秦王而非太子,并加赐“天下兵马大元帅”的头衔以示安抚。可不知满足的李从荣认为明宗命不久矣,还是找到机会起兵造反,最终“败死,废为庶人”。


意外总如洪水汹汹,李从荣没有料到自己会败,明宗也没想到自己真的不久于世。在病入膏肓之时,明宗已没有时间和精力再次培养储君,万般无奈之下,他向远在邺城的李从厚发去了诏书。《旧五代史》中记载:


“(长兴四年)十一月二十日,秦王诛,翌日,明宗遣宣徽使孟汉琼驰驿召帝,二十六日,明宗崩,二十九日,帝至自邺。”


史书中寥寥几笔只记过程,省略了主人公震惊惶恐和仓促奔波的无数细节,当时的宋王李从厚年仅二十一岁,从时间上推断,诏书传至邺城时,明宗尚未驾崩,我们无法得知李从厚在耳闻父兄反目一死一危时的表情,但他已然没有时间整理好心情和行李,须立刻赶往洛阳,奈何再怎么步履匆匆,最终也没能见到明宗最后一面。



江山社稷不会给李从厚守孝的机会,新年的第一天准时迈入新朝。当时在洛阳的大臣们都还没有见过李从厚,在他登基之后,“帝縗(cuī)服见群臣于广寿门之东庑下”,宰臣冯道一方面担心他的身体,一方面也想要熟悉熟悉这位年轻的帝王,进言道:“陛下久居哀毁,臣等咸愿一覩(睹)圣颜。”


对于李从厚来说,从前他认为自己终生不过是一个藩王,虽曾有过建设国政的雄心壮志也只能深埋心底。如今的情况不亚于“人在家中坐,皇位天上来”,好像是一个突然宣布接班的“企二代”。可惜这并不是一个好兆头,李从厚在过去二十年里未曾深入了解过治国之道,也没有在朝堂沙场之中摸爬滚打过,这座本就将倾的大厦不会辅助他成长,反而只会压垮他。没有人脉、基底和能力,空有一腔热血的李从厚,此时还不知道等待他的会是什么样的结局。


权力真空是意料之外还是情理之中


闵帝登基后依旧制服丧二十七天,再次临朝时牟足了劲儿,召翰林学士讲学、整顿吏治、大赦天下、与契丹回鹘等少数民族政权的使者往来,干得不亦乐乎。一日在办理政务的中兴殿中,群臣列位,宰执冯道进酒,李从厚拒绝道:


“比于此物无爱,除宾友之会,不近罇斝。况在沉痛之中,安事饮啖!”


考证新朝的诸多新气象,可看出李从厚的确心怀励精图治之志,可惜他性格中的优柔寡断和用人不识的经验缺陷使得目前权力真空的状况愈加愈重。


未来将在成都称帝、建立后蜀的孟知祥听闻明宗殂,谓僚佐曰:


“宋王幼弱,为政者皆胥史小人,其乱可坐俟也。”


在当时割据的环境中,没有人看好李从厚,除了拥护他登基的权臣朱弘昭、冯赟。与其说他们看好新君,不如说他们看好“选中”傀儡的自己,明宗驾崩后,这个柔弱青年的上位,虽有命运戏弄的成分在,但也很难说与二位的大力支持无关。



朱弘昭与冯赟这两位枢密使,自恃“诸秦王立帝”为己功,想要独掌朝政,《资治通鉴》中载,二人恐怕朝中有人夺取他们的政治地位,也怕真正有才之人识破他们的阴谋,于是“将佐之有才者,朱、冯皆斥逐之”。下一步他们便瞄准了守卫宫城的禁军,为了掌握洛阳内宫的军事大权,他们替换了原来的都指挥使安彦威和张从宾,换成了自己阵营的人选:


“甲申,出彦威为护国节度使,以捧圣马军都指挥使朱洪实代之;出从宾为彰义节度使,以严卫步军都指挥使皇甫遇代之。”


并将他们两人调离京师,以防后患。除此之外,朱冯两人甚至不许李从厚的身边留有往日的亲信,派人暗中调查——“(朱、冯)令询侍帝左右最久,雅为帝所亲信,弘昭不欲旧人在帝侧,故出之。”


帝王都是猜忌多疑,最终自己将自己逼到了孤家寡人的境地,而李从厚掌朝不过一月,身边竟不再有一人为自己所信任,除了弄臣的操作外,与他自身的消极应对也脱不了干系。面对朱弘昭、冯赟二人的挑衅,李从厚只“帝不悦而无之何”而不作他法,举棋不定当断不断,必然会使朝中的恶势愈演愈烈。不过就算他想有所作为,也面临一条两头堵死的分岔路,只因他手中没有军权,一旦激怒权臣,后果同样不堪设想。



在这样尴尬的境地中,时间推移到二月,李从厚听从朱弘昭与冯赟的建议,通过枢密院调令对最重要的凤翔、河东、成德、天雄四镇节度使进行易地调动,并派使臣监送。这是他削弱强藩政策的第一步,然而这并不可能达到预期的效果,因为其核心举措直指五代时期敏感的神经——兵权,同时涉及到当时最为风光的军事人物之一:凤翔节度使李从珂。

砸在头上的“凤翔惊雷”

 

五代时期政权林立,且晚唐藩镇割据的局面还在蔓延。李从厚虽有一个皇帝之名,却不能收天下实权尽于掌握之中。他看得到目前的弊病,也接受了来自朝臣的提议:即换镇易使。事情的开端是朱冯二人不喜石敬瑭等节度使长久地盘踞在一处培养势力,于是想将藩镇与节度使进行互相调换,这与想要集权稳势的李从厚不谋而合。此策看似高明,实则严重低估了骄兵悍将与地方势力的盘根错节。调令通过枢密院发布,但行事过快操之过急,没有按朝廷规制下达制诏,引起了各节度使的强烈不满。



饱满的理想与骨感的现实撞了个满怀,朱弘昭与冯赟操控朝政,看似翻云覆雨,实则步步作死。此时有一位实力强劲的藩王李从珂,曾是先帝明宗的养子,自幼随父征战,在后唐灭后梁之战中屡立战功,官至凤翔节度使。这位功名双全的潞王自然受到朱冯二人的敌视。在新规中将其调离凤翔还不够,还要从他的儿女上下手:潞王有一个身为控鹤都指挥使的儿子和一个出家的女儿,同一时间儿子被外调“出为亳州团练使”,女儿则“亦召入禁中”,李从珂心里升起一股浓浓的不祥之兆。乱世当中时势不等人,或许保护自己与儿女生命的机会只在这一瞬间。于是在臣属的鼓动下,李从珂率领部众,以“清君侧”的名义起兵叛乱。



惹上麻烦的是朱冯二人,可首当其冲的却是权力的符号李从厚。慌乱之下,他赶忙征调西都留守王思同、护国节度使安彦威等六镇节度使联军征讨凤翔,初时,凤翔“城堑卑浅,守备俱乏”,形势岌岌可危。万分紧急之下,李从珂泣血登城自陈战功,哭诉朝廷信任奸佞、无罪诛杀功臣。此言精准点燃了禁军对朝廷长期不满的怒火,军中纷纷倒戈,羽林指挥使杨思权甚至大呼:“大相公,吾主也!”李从珂顺势挥师东进,沿途诸军或望风归降或一战即溃,潞王军旗直指洛阳。


兵临城下,宫中的李从厚闻讯惊慌失措。他本无意于皇位,三个月前才奉召入京,面对这样的局面难免感到委屈,甚至对大臣们控诉:


“朕于兄弟间不至榛梗,诸公以社稷大计见告,朕何敢违!”“今事至于此,何方可以转祸?”


明明听从了所有人的建议,却已无从追悔。李从厚没有军事才能,也没有义兄李从珂危急关头孤注一掷的勇气,事已至此,他本想奋力抵抗,可如今再封赏本就不忠于皇帝的禁军已毫无意义。朱弘昭畏罪投井自尽,冯赟为乱军所杀,他们痛快地结束了自己的生命,可李从厚没那么幸运,只能派人将二人的首级献给李从珂,企图再挣扎出一点求生的希望。


可如今洛阳大势已成定局,李从厚思虑再三,还是于四月九日黎明携带传国玉玺潜逃,途经卫州时正遇见从河东赶往洛阳的石敬瑭。石敬瑭是李从厚父亲明宗的女婿,在当时已颇具威望。李从厚如见救星,恳求姐夫助其“复国”。但石敬瑭早已洞悉形势,将他软禁在驿馆,派人将他的侍从全部斩杀,自己离开去了洛阳。



待潞王李从珂成功登基后,第一件事便是将兄弟李从厚废为鄂王,又密令卫州刺史王弘贽处置李从厚。就这样,在三番两次拒饮毒酒后,被一根麻绳“缢杀”。这位百日天子闭上双眼时,年仅二十一岁。


五代的“骄兵政治”


天福元年(936),石敬瑭灭后唐称帝建立后晋,追谥李从厚为闵皇帝;三年后,石敬瑭又在洛阳为唐朝设立五庙,供奉高祖李渊、太宗李世民、庄宗李存勖、明宗李嗣源以及李从厚。


祸兮福之所伏,李从厚本是一个兄友弟恭、仁善勤勉的藩王,无论是读书论道还是安守一方,他都做得不可称差。然而造化弄人,偏偏由他做了皇帝,一百五十日帝王路,以仓促登场始,以血溅驿馆终。其悲剧根源,深植于五代特殊的政治土壤。



“兵骄则逐帅,帅强则叛上”,这个“惟强当道”的社会早已缺失了宗法人伦。李从厚没有兵权,缺乏乱世枭雄必备的果决与狠辣;依赖朱弘昭等人谋划,却未能有效驾驭这些权臣,最后被与他“本无嫌”的潞王取走了性命,这是不可避免的恶性循环,危局前举措失当,进退失据,其悲剧是个人能力在时代洪流中无力回天的写照。更是那个“天子宁有种耶?兵强马壮者为之尔”的时代最刺眼的注脚。


参考文献:

薛居正:《旧五代史》,北京:中华书局,1976年。

欧阳修:《新五代史》,北京:中华书局,1974年。

司马光:《资治通鉴》,北京:中华书局,1956年。


*本文系“国家人文历史”独家稿件,欢迎读者转发朋友圈。


END
作者 | 小山
编辑 | 胡心雅
 主编 | 周斌
排版 | 徐沁(实习)
校对 | 李栋
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论及历朝历代各位皇帝的即位方式,可谓是群英荟萃各有千秋。唐太宗李世民,历经血色政变登上帝位;宋仁宗赵祯“稳稳地幸福”,从少年太子平稳过渡成为九五至尊;加上从九子夺嫡的暗流涌动中杀出重围的雍正,三人都是不同的典型代表。



若不考虑知名度,还有这样一位二十一岁的年轻藩王,在短短一百五十天中,从意外受诏承袭皇位沦落到用一根麻绳结束生命。这段短暂而充满戏剧性的统治,囊括了五代时期残酷无情的权力法则。


意外的皇位:是福是祸躲不过


长兴四年(933年)十二月初一,洛阳的二仪殿沉浸在一片肃杀当中。明宗驾崩后第三天,灵柩尚滞留于大殿中,其子李从厚才匆匆从邺城返回洛阳,未来得及掉一滴眼泪,便于父亲棺前举行了登基大典,史称后唐闵帝。


李从厚是后唐明宗的第三子,从小喜读经典,知晓礼节,“为人形质丰厚,寡言好礼”,又因为长相酷似明宗,甚得父亲喜爱。或许是深知在当前藩镇林立的格局下,其处事柔软的个性不适合在乱世中斡旋,明宗并没有单凭喜爱便将李从厚纳为储君,而是早早地将他封为宋王,派遣至地位重要的邺城镇守。



可惜的是,明宗也许天生子女缘分浅薄,几个儿子都没能长久地为他效力。他最看好的嫡长子李从璟,“性忠勇沉厚,摧坚陷阵”,是宗室中少有的人才,可惜在助明宗登上帝位的邺都兵变中离世。长子遇难后,在当时参与“皇位争夺战”的众多王子中,综合实力最强、最有竞争力的是现长子李从荣,他也一直被明宗当作继承人来培养。可他的性格桀骜不驯,时常自恃功高挑起事端,因此明宗最后只封其为秦王而非太子,并加赐“天下兵马大元帅”的头衔以示安抚。可不知满足的李从荣认为明宗命不久矣,还是找到机会起兵造反,最终“败死,废为庶人”。


意外总如洪水汹汹,李从荣没有料到自己会败,明宗也没想到自己真的不久于世。在病入膏肓之时,明宗已没有时间和精力再次培养储君,万般无奈之下,他向远在邺城的李从厚发去了诏书。《旧五代史》中记载:


“(长兴四年)十一月二十日,秦王诛,翌日,明宗遣宣徽使孟汉琼驰驿召帝,二十六日,明宗崩,二十九日,帝至自邺。”


史书中寥寥几笔只记过程,省略了主人公震惊惶恐和仓促奔波的无数细节,当时的宋王李从厚年仅二十一岁,从时间上推断,诏书传至邺城时,明宗尚未驾崩,我们无法得知李从厚在耳闻父兄反目一死一危时的表情,但他已然没有时间整理好心情和行李,须立刻赶往洛阳,奈何再怎么步履匆匆,最终也没能见到明宗最后一面。



江山社稷不会给李从厚守孝的机会,新年的第一天准时迈入新朝。当时在洛阳的大臣们都还没有见过李从厚,在他登基之后,“帝縗(cuī)服见群臣于广寿门之东庑下”,宰臣冯道一方面担心他的身体,一方面也想要熟悉熟悉这位年轻的帝王,进言道:“陛下久居哀毁,臣等咸愿一覩(睹)圣颜。”


对于李从厚来说,从前他认为自己终生不过是一个藩王,虽曾有过建设国政的雄心壮志也只能深埋心底。如今的情况不亚于“人在家中坐,皇位天上来”,好像是一个突然宣布接班的“企二代”。可惜这并不是一个好兆头,李从厚在过去二十年里未曾深入了解过治国之道,也没有在朝堂沙场之中摸爬滚打过,这座本就将倾的大厦不会辅助他成长,反而只会压垮他。没有人脉、基底和能力,空有一腔热血的李从厚,此时还不知道等待他的会是什么样的结局。


权力真空是意料之外还是情理之中


闵帝登基后依旧制服丧二十七天,再次临朝时牟足了劲儿,召翰林学士讲学、整顿吏治、大赦天下、与契丹回鹘等少数民族政权的使者往来,干得不亦乐乎。一日在办理政务的中兴殿中,群臣列位,宰执冯道进酒,李从厚拒绝道:


“比于此物无爱,除宾友之会,不近罇斝。况在沉痛之中,安事饮啖!”


考证新朝的诸多新气象,可看出李从厚的确心怀励精图治之志,可惜他性格中的优柔寡断和用人不识的经验缺陷使得目前权力真空的状况愈加愈重。


未来将在成都称帝、建立后蜀的孟知祥听闻明宗殂,谓僚佐曰:


“宋王幼弱,为政者皆胥史小人,其乱可坐俟也。”


在当时割据的环境中,没有人看好李从厚,除了拥护他登基的权臣朱弘昭、冯赟。与其说他们看好新君,不如说他们看好“选中”傀儡的自己,明宗驾崩后,这个柔弱青年的上位,虽有命运戏弄的成分在,但也很难说与二位的大力支持无关。



朱弘昭与冯赟这两位枢密使,自恃“诸秦王立帝”为己功,想要独掌朝政,《资治通鉴》中载,二人恐怕朝中有人夺取他们的政治地位,也怕真正有才之人识破他们的阴谋,于是“将佐之有才者,朱、冯皆斥逐之”。下一步他们便瞄准了守卫宫城的禁军,为了掌握洛阳内宫的军事大权,他们替换了原来的都指挥使安彦威和张从宾,换成了自己阵营的人选:


“甲申,出彦威为护国节度使,以捧圣马军都指挥使朱洪实代之;出从宾为彰义节度使,以严卫步军都指挥使皇甫遇代之。”


并将他们两人调离京师,以防后患。除此之外,朱冯两人甚至不许李从厚的身边留有往日的亲信,派人暗中调查——“(朱、冯)令询侍帝左右最久,雅为帝所亲信,弘昭不欲旧人在帝侧,故出之。”


帝王都是猜忌多疑,最终自己将自己逼到了孤家寡人的境地,而李从厚掌朝不过一月,身边竟不再有一人为自己所信任,除了弄臣的操作外,与他自身的消极应对也脱不了干系。面对朱弘昭、冯赟二人的挑衅,李从厚只“帝不悦而无之何”而不作他法,举棋不定当断不断,必然会使朝中的恶势愈演愈烈。不过就算他想有所作为,也面临一条两头堵死的分岔路,只因他手中没有军权,一旦激怒权臣,后果同样不堪设想。



在这样尴尬的境地中,时间推移到二月,李从厚听从朱弘昭与冯赟的建议,通过枢密院调令对最重要的凤翔、河东、成德、天雄四镇节度使进行易地调动,并派使臣监送。这是他削弱强藩政策的第一步,然而这并不可能达到预期的效果,因为其核心举措直指五代时期敏感的神经——兵权,同时涉及到当时最为风光的军事人物之一:凤翔节度使李从珂。

砸在头上的“凤翔惊雷”

 

五代时期政权林立,且晚唐藩镇割据的局面还在蔓延。李从厚虽有一个皇帝之名,却不能收天下实权尽于掌握之中。他看得到目前的弊病,也接受了来自朝臣的提议:即换镇易使。事情的开端是朱冯二人不喜石敬瑭等节度使长久地盘踞在一处培养势力,于是想将藩镇与节度使进行互相调换,这与想要集权稳势的李从厚不谋而合。此策看似高明,实则严重低估了骄兵悍将与地方势力的盘根错节。调令通过枢密院发布,但行事过快操之过急,没有按朝廷规制下达制诏,引起了各节度使的强烈不满。



饱满的理想与骨感的现实撞了个满怀,朱弘昭与冯赟操控朝政,看似翻云覆雨,实则步步作死。此时有一位实力强劲的藩王李从珂,曾是先帝明宗的养子,自幼随父征战,在后唐灭后梁之战中屡立战功,官至凤翔节度使。这位功名双全的潞王自然受到朱冯二人的敌视。在新规中将其调离凤翔还不够,还要从他的儿女上下手:潞王有一个身为控鹤都指挥使的儿子和一个出家的女儿,同一时间儿子被外调“出为亳州团练使”,女儿则“亦召入禁中”,李从珂心里升起一股浓浓的不祥之兆。乱世当中时势不等人,或许保护自己与儿女生命的机会只在这一瞬间。于是在臣属的鼓动下,李从珂率领部众,以“清君侧”的名义起兵叛乱。



惹上麻烦的是朱冯二人,可首当其冲的却是权力的符号李从厚。慌乱之下,他赶忙征调西都留守王思同、护国节度使安彦威等六镇节度使联军征讨凤翔,初时,凤翔“城堑卑浅,守备俱乏”,形势岌岌可危。万分紧急之下,李从珂泣血登城自陈战功,哭诉朝廷信任奸佞、无罪诛杀功臣。此言精准点燃了禁军对朝廷长期不满的怒火,军中纷纷倒戈,羽林指挥使杨思权甚至大呼:“大相公,吾主也!”李从珂顺势挥师东进,沿途诸军或望风归降或一战即溃,潞王军旗直指洛阳。


兵临城下,宫中的李从厚闻讯惊慌失措。他本无意于皇位,三个月前才奉召入京,面对这样的局面难免感到委屈,甚至对大臣们控诉:


“朕于兄弟间不至榛梗,诸公以社稷大计见告,朕何敢违!”“今事至于此,何方可以转祸?”


明明听从了所有人的建议,却已无从追悔。李从厚没有军事才能,也没有义兄李从珂危急关头孤注一掷的勇气,事已至此,他本想奋力抵抗,可如今再封赏本就不忠于皇帝的禁军已毫无意义。朱弘昭畏罪投井自尽,冯赟为乱军所杀,他们痛快地结束了自己的生命,可李从厚没那么幸运,只能派人将二人的首级献给李从珂,企图再挣扎出一点求生的希望。


可如今洛阳大势已成定局,李从厚思虑再三,还是于四月九日黎明携带传国玉玺潜逃,途经卫州时正遇见从河东赶往洛阳的石敬瑭。石敬瑭是李从厚父亲明宗的女婿,在当时已颇具威望。李从厚如见救星,恳求姐夫助其“复国”。但石敬瑭早已洞悉形势,将他软禁在驿馆,派人将他的侍从全部斩杀,自己离开去了洛阳。



待潞王李从珂成功登基后,第一件事便是将兄弟李从厚废为鄂王,又密令卫州刺史王弘贽处置李从厚。就这样,在三番两次拒饮毒酒后,被一根麻绳“缢杀”。这位百日天子闭上双眼时,年仅二十一岁。


五代的“骄兵政治”


天福元年(936),石敬瑭灭后唐称帝建立后晋,追谥李从厚为闵皇帝;三年后,石敬瑭又在洛阳为唐朝设立五庙,供奉高祖李渊、太宗李世民、庄宗李存勖、明宗李嗣源以及李从厚。


祸兮福之所伏,李从厚本是一个兄友弟恭、仁善勤勉的藩王,无论是读书论道还是安守一方,他都做得不可称差。然而造化弄人,偏偏由他做了皇帝,一百五十日帝王路,以仓促登场始,以血溅驿馆终。其悲剧根源,深植于五代特殊的政治土壤。



“兵骄则逐帅,帅强则叛上”,这个“惟强当道”的社会早已缺失了宗法人伦。李从厚没有兵权,缺乏乱世枭雄必备的果决与狠辣;依赖朱弘昭等人谋划,却未能有效驾驭这些权臣,最后被与他“本无嫌”的潞王取走了性命,这是不可避免的恶性循环,危局前举措失当,进退失据,其悲剧是个人能力在时代洪流中无力回天的写照。更是那个“天子宁有种耶?兵强马壮者为之尔”的时代最刺眼的注脚。


参考文献:

薛居正:《旧五代史》,北京:中华书局,1976年。

欧阳修:《新五代史》,北京:中华书局,1974年。

司马光:《资治通鉴》,北京:中华书局,1956年。


*本文系“国家人文历史”独家稿件,欢迎读者转发朋友圈。


END
作者 | 小山
编辑 | 胡心雅
 主编 | 周斌
排版 | 徐沁(实习)
校对 | 李栋
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光绪九年(1883),身为两江总督的左宗棠在江宁为他所景仰的前辈陶澍、林则徐二人合建了一座专祠,并亲自题写楹联:


三吴颂遗爱,鲸浪初平,治水行盐,如公皆不朽;

卅载接音尘,鸿泥偶踏,湘间邢上,今我复重来。



左宗棠的楹联在赞颂陶、林不朽业绩的同时,也以善治两江的后继者自居。陶、林两人曾分别任两江总督和江苏巡抚,两人和衷共济,志同道合,政绩显著。这一年73岁的左宗棠也总督两江,治水、理盐、兴漕、安民,这些当年陶、林在江南殚精竭虑的不朽功业,如今他亦需踵事增华。


1875年到1885年,是左宗棠晚年的最后十年,是他烈士暮年,壮心不已的十年,也是他功业与谤议交织的十年。在这最后的岁月里,他把一生的抱负与时代的困局、帝国的沉疴一并推向了临界:一方面是边疆险情——新疆收复、西北防务的重担——需要他以军略与行政双重手腕应对;另一方面是洋务自强的现实与守旧势力的反对,让他的言行常处舆论漩涡。再加上日渐消瘦的身体与未竟的政治理想频繁碰撞,使他个人的挣扎与成败折射出整个时代的结构性矛盾。



左宗棠的晚年实践体现了传统治理体系与近代化生存需求之间无法调和的撕裂,并浓缩了晚清最根本的困境:旧制度已无力承载王朝存续使命,而变革之路又遭遇层层阻滞。身处王朝崩塌前夜的宿命感,必将是饱含痛苦的。


收复新疆:70岁的“远征将军”

 

1875年,光绪朝任命陕甘总督左宗棠为钦差大臣,专责督办新疆军务,肩负起收复被阿古柏势力夺占的一片疆土。此时的左宗棠已是六十余岁,年近晚年仍意志刚烈。他以“先北后南”“缓进急战”的战略部署,首战乌鲁木齐,先打弱势之敌,待北疆收复后,分兵三路攻克达坂、吐鲁番、托克逊三城,打开通往南疆的门户,然后千里跃进,由北向南,由东向西,节节深入,终得全胜,为进一步收复全疆奠定基础。



筹备与动员是这场远征的关键。左宗棠在兰州建立制造局,组织仿制与改良洋式枪炮,并从境内外购置德制克虏伯大炮和大量近代步枪,努力把参战湘军武装成近代化军队,这一举措在战场上显著提升了清军的火力与战斗力。为保障后勤,他铺设多条补给线,兴修屯田和粮局,力图把远征的后勤弱点补牢。


在指挥与通讯上,左宗棠也借助近代手段强化中央与前线的联络,战时利用电报与书牍进行外交与情报往来,使得与沙俄谈判以及对伊犁局势的掌握较以往更为及时。



然而这一切并非无争议。为筹军费,左宗棠动用借款、提前征收协饷,并在东南诸省加征厘金等科目以补兵饷,这种非常财政手段在朝野与舆论中引发激烈论争。以李鸿章为代表的海防派认为收复新疆代价高昂且难以久守,指责西征耗费国力,不如把有限经费用于海防建设。


于是,朝堂之上围绕“塞防”与“海防”的战略分歧,几乎与战场上的刀光剑影同时上演。


经过近两年鏖战,清军得以在新疆取得决定性胜利。1877年,阿古柏势力瓦解,清廷又通过《中俄伊犁条约》正式收回伊犁区域,彻底结束了十余年的战乱,令疆土得以安定。



洋务运动的“西北试验”

 

左宗棠认为守疆需“自给于器”,靠军队之外更要靠本地生产与后勤保障,因此兰州机器织呢局应运而生,成为西北以官办实业服务边防的试验场。他把洋务之策带入西北,不是简单复制江南模式,而是把工业化纳入守塞的整体战略。


兰州机器织呢局从筹建到开工,凝聚了左宗棠数年的谋划与财政支持。1876年前后,他督筹巨款买机器、聘技师,1879—1880年完成安装,1880年9月正式开工,机器设备多从德国引进,蒸汽动力与毛织机投入西北大规模生产,这是当时中国西部首例机器毛纺尝试,是晚清西部地区近代化的重要起点。



但技术移植遭遇了现实的顽症。西北地区的气候、原料、熟练工与市场体系未能同步,运输与维修依赖外方技师,致使成本居高不下,厂子仅运作数年后便难以为继,1883年前后停业。对此,左宗棠主张“以官办开其先,而商办承其后”,把初期亏损视为国防与实业试验所必须的投入。


从更广的战略视角看,织呢局并非孤立工程,它与兰州制造局相互配合,体现出左宗棠以工业补军备、以实业固边防的总体思路。即便织厂经济回报有限,但其在增强边防后勤与推动地方现代化观念上的示范作用不可低估。


制度层面的变革也与洋务并行。左宗棠多次上疏建议以州县代军府、设行省以长治久安,他为新疆善后所拟的治理蓝图,最终被朝廷采纳,1884年,清廷下诏设新疆行省,废军府制、置州县,奠定了近代新疆行政格局的雏形。



当然,西北地区的洋务试验并非无争议。保守派与既得利益者对在边疆推行内地式行政、以官办实业推导地方经济的做法有诸多反对声音,一部分批评来自对同化政策的忧虑,另一部分则来自对财政负担与短期经济效益的现实考量。


但总体而言,兰州织呢局的兴衰与新疆建省的行政改制合成一项完整的“西北试验”,它在技术、财政与组织上遭遇挫折,但在边防战略与行政制度上留下了持久影响,成为我们理解晚清如何在危机中以制度创新应对外患的重要注脚。


个人生活:清廉与“绯闻”

 

左宗棠一生俭约为人所称。朝廷拨给他的养廉银数额可观,但他家中生活极为节省。长期的肺病与反复咯血,加之风湿与眼疾,使他行动多靠人搀扶,但他仍日夜批阅奏章、巡检边防。病苦与操劳交织成了左宗棠暮年的常态。


但左宗棠晚年性情愈发刚烈,他在治政与战略问题上与李鸿章等人公开分歧,主张坚守西北边塞以抵御俄患,反对把有限财力全部倾注海防,这种针锋相对的政治立场使他在朝中既得到拥趸也招致敌手,直到临终仍与一些同僚隔阂深重。



在个人生活方面,网上流传左宗棠70岁的时候娶了个17岁的小妾,而且这小妾还是慈禧赏赐的,左宗棠待此小妾如孙女,最后放她自由。如此戏剧化的故事是真的吗?


左宗棠确有妾室,但真实情况比坊间流传的故事更为朴素。《曾国藩真相录》记载,曾国藩到长沙时见左宗棠坐处闻得小妾洗脚,戏出上联“看如夫人洗脚”,左立即对出下联回怼曾“赐同进士出身”。左宗棠的下联直戳曾国藩的痛处,因为曾国藩虽官至两江总督、一等侯爵,但科举成绩仅是三甲的“同进士出身”,这是他一生耿耿于怀的遗憾,《南亭笔记》里就记载过曾国藩被幕僚私下称为“半个进士”的故事。拿同进士和如夫人类比,可见左宗棠毒舌。



话说回来,曾国藩在长沙看到的左家小妾是谁呢?左宗棠于咸丰二年(1852)应湖南巡抚张亮基之邀,以幕府幕僚身份出仕,当时年仅四十出头。所以这个小妾绝无可能是网传中慈禧赏赐给晚年左宗棠的少女,应是左宗棠的妾室张氏。


左宗棠的一生中,有书面记载的妻妾共三位。


原配周氏出身湘潭富户,才情兼备,著有《饰性斋遗稿》,育有三女一子。因周家富裕,左宗棠曾入赘,直到33岁才将家小迁回湘阴。夫妻情深,却因左宗棠常年征战,相聚极少。1870年周夫人在长沙病逝时,左宗棠远在甘肃,悲痛写下“衰老余年,不遑启处,失兹良助,内顾堪虞”的哀叹,后又在《亡妻周夫人墓志铭》中对其德行给予极高评价。



因周夫人体弱,道光十六年(1836),左宗棠纳了周夫人的陪嫁侍女张氏为妾。张氏勤恳持家,为左宗棠生下三子一女。按时间推断,曾国藩见到的那个洗脚的小妾,应该就是张氏。


据左焕奎所著《左宗棠略传》记载,1881年,70岁的左宗棠入值军机处,慈禧以“体恤无人照料”为由,将身边17岁的宫女章氏赐给他做侍妾。章氏本是西安知府千金,才貌出众入宫,命运却由不得自己,瞬间成为年逾古稀重臣的侍妾。她随左宗棠赴南京、福州任职,照料其晚年。



但是,官方文献《左文襄公年谱》里仅记载左宗棠与原配夫人周氏和小妾张氏共育四子四女,《清史稿》《清实录》及左宗棠家书信件,无一提及慈禧赏赐宫女给左宗棠做妾这件事。因此,左宗棠在晚年被赐小妾很可能仅是谣传,而这小妾姓什么、是否由慈禧所赠、后来又改嫁何人等传言都仅是附会之说。

中法战争:最后的“政治孤勇者”


马尾海战的败绩,把左宗棠晚年的理想与孤勇暴露在最刺目的光里。


1884年8月,法军在闽江口以迅雷不及掩耳之势摧毁福建水师,福州船政局与沿岸炮台遭受毁灭性打击,清军多舰被击沉,战况之急促与惨烈触动了左宗棠最深的痛处。


战后朝廷震怒,遂以钦差大臣之名任命左宗棠出任督师,赴福建整顿海防、重建舰政。他已是古稀之年,身带旧疾,却仍带病南下,亲临马尾、巡视沿海炮台,力图以实务重振军心,整顿防务体系。目睹二十年船政之积累在瞬间化为灰烬,他愤然斥责船政局“二十年之积累,毁于一旦”的惨状。愤慨与悲痛交织,成为他生命最后阶段的浓烈情绪。


而左宗棠在福州的数月,除了军事建设,更多是与朝廷政策的博弈。他主张坚定抗争、巩固海防并推进制度性改革,反对因败绩而急于妥协的软弱做法,但朝廷却在内外压力与外交现实面前,选择了渐趋妥协的路线,左宗棠的主张在朝廷内屡屡受阻。这个久经沙场的实务家在晚年阶段,不得不以更为孤勇的姿态,单刀直入地捍卫自己对国家主权与军务建设的判断。


年老体弱的左宗棠坚持巡视要塞,亲见残舰断壁与官兵士气低落,心中的失望与愤怒不断累积。终其一生以实业、军务自励的左宗棠,在眼见船政与江海防务的脆弱中,走向了生命的尽头。


1885年9月5日,左宗棠在福州辞世,谥号“文襄”。“文”意涵盖经天纬地,“襄”寓意开疆拓土,可见朝廷对他的功绩赋予了高度认可。



左宗棠的形象似乎始终带着“矛盾”的光环,他如同一块投入时代激流的巨石,激起的既是力挽狂澜的巨浪,但也会形成争议不休的漩涡。清廷虽为其追赐太傅,但不久便撤销了部分新疆新政。梁启超盛赞其为“五百年以来的第一伟人”,李鸿章却私下给他取“曹阿瞒”的外号,讽刺其奸诈阴险。


不管争议如何,左宗棠作为能臣的形象留名史册。他以农业文明的资源体系,拼搏于工业时代的冲击之下,也以“修身齐家治国平天下”的士大夫精神,深度参与近代中国的国防与政治。左宗棠的晚年,为我们理解那个巨变中的晚清,提供了一个充满悲壮张力的历史剖面。


参考资料:

左焕奎:《左宗棠略传》,武汉:华中师范大学出版社,1993年。

王林:《左宗棠》,昆明:云南教育出版社,2009年。

刘江华:《左宗棠传信录基于清宫档案的真相还原》,长沙:岳麓书社,2017年。

易孟醇:《曾国藩真相录》,长沙:湖南人民出版社,2015年。


*本文系“国家人文历史”独家稿件,欢迎读者转发朋友圈。


END
作者 | 关禾
编辑 | 胡心雅
 主编 | 周斌
排版 | 徐沁(实习)
校对 | 古月
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光绪九年(1883),身为两江总督的左宗棠在江宁为他所景仰的前辈陶澍、林则徐二人合建了一座专祠,并亲自题写楹联:


三吴颂遗爱,鲸浪初平,治水行盐,如公皆不朽;

卅载接音尘,鸿泥偶踏,湘间邢上,今我复重来。



左宗棠的楹联在赞颂陶、林不朽业绩的同时,也以善治两江的后继者自居。陶、林两人曾分别任两江总督和江苏巡抚,两人和衷共济,志同道合,政绩显著。这一年73岁的左宗棠也总督两江,治水、理盐、兴漕、安民,这些当年陶、林在江南殚精竭虑的不朽功业,如今他亦需踵事增华。


1875年到1885年,是左宗棠晚年的最后十年,是他烈士暮年,壮心不已的十年,也是他功业与谤议交织的十年。在这最后的岁月里,他把一生的抱负与时代的困局、帝国的沉疴一并推向了临界:一方面是边疆险情——新疆收复、西北防务的重担——需要他以军略与行政双重手腕应对;另一方面是洋务自强的现实与守旧势力的反对,让他的言行常处舆论漩涡。再加上日渐消瘦的身体与未竟的政治理想频繁碰撞,使他个人的挣扎与成败折射出整个时代的结构性矛盾。



左宗棠的晚年实践体现了传统治理体系与近代化生存需求之间无法调和的撕裂,并浓缩了晚清最根本的困境:旧制度已无力承载王朝存续使命,而变革之路又遭遇层层阻滞。身处王朝崩塌前夜的宿命感,必将是饱含痛苦的。


收复新疆:70岁的“远征将军”

 

1875年,光绪朝任命陕甘总督左宗棠为钦差大臣,专责督办新疆军务,肩负起收复被阿古柏势力夺占的一片疆土。此时的左宗棠已是六十余岁,年近晚年仍意志刚烈。他以“先北后南”“缓进急战”的战略部署,首战乌鲁木齐,先打弱势之敌,待北疆收复后,分兵三路攻克达坂、吐鲁番、托克逊三城,打开通往南疆的门户,然后千里跃进,由北向南,由东向西,节节深入,终得全胜,为进一步收复全疆奠定基础。



筹备与动员是这场远征的关键。左宗棠在兰州建立制造局,组织仿制与改良洋式枪炮,并从境内外购置德制克虏伯大炮和大量近代步枪,努力把参战湘军武装成近代化军队,这一举措在战场上显著提升了清军的火力与战斗力。为保障后勤,他铺设多条补给线,兴修屯田和粮局,力图把远征的后勤弱点补牢。


在指挥与通讯上,左宗棠也借助近代手段强化中央与前线的联络,战时利用电报与书牍进行外交与情报往来,使得与沙俄谈判以及对伊犁局势的掌握较以往更为及时。



然而这一切并非无争议。为筹军费,左宗棠动用借款、提前征收协饷,并在东南诸省加征厘金等科目以补兵饷,这种非常财政手段在朝野与舆论中引发激烈论争。以李鸿章为代表的海防派认为收复新疆代价高昂且难以久守,指责西征耗费国力,不如把有限经费用于海防建设。


于是,朝堂之上围绕“塞防”与“海防”的战略分歧,几乎与战场上的刀光剑影同时上演。


经过近两年鏖战,清军得以在新疆取得决定性胜利。1877年,阿古柏势力瓦解,清廷又通过《中俄伊犁条约》正式收回伊犁区域,彻底结束了十余年的战乱,令疆土得以安定。



洋务运动的“西北试验”

 

左宗棠认为守疆需“自给于器”,靠军队之外更要靠本地生产与后勤保障,因此兰州机器织呢局应运而生,成为西北以官办实业服务边防的试验场。他把洋务之策带入西北,不是简单复制江南模式,而是把工业化纳入守塞的整体战略。


兰州机器织呢局从筹建到开工,凝聚了左宗棠数年的谋划与财政支持。1876年前后,他督筹巨款买机器、聘技师,1879—1880年完成安装,1880年9月正式开工,机器设备多从德国引进,蒸汽动力与毛织机投入西北大规模生产,这是当时中国西部首例机器毛纺尝试,是晚清西部地区近代化的重要起点。



但技术移植遭遇了现实的顽症。西北地区的气候、原料、熟练工与市场体系未能同步,运输与维修依赖外方技师,致使成本居高不下,厂子仅运作数年后便难以为继,1883年前后停业。对此,左宗棠主张“以官办开其先,而商办承其后”,把初期亏损视为国防与实业试验所必须的投入。


从更广的战略视角看,织呢局并非孤立工程,它与兰州制造局相互配合,体现出左宗棠以工业补军备、以实业固边防的总体思路。即便织厂经济回报有限,但其在增强边防后勤与推动地方现代化观念上的示范作用不可低估。


制度层面的变革也与洋务并行。左宗棠多次上疏建议以州县代军府、设行省以长治久安,他为新疆善后所拟的治理蓝图,最终被朝廷采纳,1884年,清廷下诏设新疆行省,废军府制、置州县,奠定了近代新疆行政格局的雏形。



当然,西北地区的洋务试验并非无争议。保守派与既得利益者对在边疆推行内地式行政、以官办实业推导地方经济的做法有诸多反对声音,一部分批评来自对同化政策的忧虑,另一部分则来自对财政负担与短期经济效益的现实考量。


但总体而言,兰州织呢局的兴衰与新疆建省的行政改制合成一项完整的“西北试验”,它在技术、财政与组织上遭遇挫折,但在边防战略与行政制度上留下了持久影响,成为我们理解晚清如何在危机中以制度创新应对外患的重要注脚。


个人生活:清廉与“绯闻”

 

左宗棠一生俭约为人所称。朝廷拨给他的养廉银数额可观,但他家中生活极为节省。长期的肺病与反复咯血,加之风湿与眼疾,使他行动多靠人搀扶,但他仍日夜批阅奏章、巡检边防。病苦与操劳交织成了左宗棠暮年的常态。


但左宗棠晚年性情愈发刚烈,他在治政与战略问题上与李鸿章等人公开分歧,主张坚守西北边塞以抵御俄患,反对把有限财力全部倾注海防,这种针锋相对的政治立场使他在朝中既得到拥趸也招致敌手,直到临终仍与一些同僚隔阂深重。



在个人生活方面,网上流传左宗棠70岁的时候娶了个17岁的小妾,而且这小妾还是慈禧赏赐的,左宗棠待此小妾如孙女,最后放她自由。如此戏剧化的故事是真的吗?


左宗棠确有妾室,但真实情况比坊间流传的故事更为朴素。《曾国藩真相录》记载,曾国藩到长沙时见左宗棠坐处闻得小妾洗脚,戏出上联“看如夫人洗脚”,左立即对出下联回怼曾“赐同进士出身”。左宗棠的下联直戳曾国藩的痛处,因为曾国藩虽官至两江总督、一等侯爵,但科举成绩仅是三甲的“同进士出身”,这是他一生耿耿于怀的遗憾,《南亭笔记》里就记载过曾国藩被幕僚私下称为“半个进士”的故事。拿同进士和如夫人类比,可见左宗棠毒舌。



话说回来,曾国藩在长沙看到的左家小妾是谁呢?左宗棠于咸丰二年(1852)应湖南巡抚张亮基之邀,以幕府幕僚身份出仕,当时年仅四十出头。所以这个小妾绝无可能是网传中慈禧赏赐给晚年左宗棠的少女,应是左宗棠的妾室张氏。


左宗棠的一生中,有书面记载的妻妾共三位。


原配周氏出身湘潭富户,才情兼备,著有《饰性斋遗稿》,育有三女一子。因周家富裕,左宗棠曾入赘,直到33岁才将家小迁回湘阴。夫妻情深,却因左宗棠常年征战,相聚极少。1870年周夫人在长沙病逝时,左宗棠远在甘肃,悲痛写下“衰老余年,不遑启处,失兹良助,内顾堪虞”的哀叹,后又在《亡妻周夫人墓志铭》中对其德行给予极高评价。



因周夫人体弱,道光十六年(1836),左宗棠纳了周夫人的陪嫁侍女张氏为妾。张氏勤恳持家,为左宗棠生下三子一女。按时间推断,曾国藩见到的那个洗脚的小妾,应该就是张氏。


据左焕奎所著《左宗棠略传》记载,1881年,70岁的左宗棠入值军机处,慈禧以“体恤无人照料”为由,将身边17岁的宫女章氏赐给他做侍妾。章氏本是西安知府千金,才貌出众入宫,命运却由不得自己,瞬间成为年逾古稀重臣的侍妾。她随左宗棠赴南京、福州任职,照料其晚年。



但是,官方文献《左文襄公年谱》里仅记载左宗棠与原配夫人周氏和小妾张氏共育四子四女,《清史稿》《清实录》及左宗棠家书信件,无一提及慈禧赏赐宫女给左宗棠做妾这件事。因此,左宗棠在晚年被赐小妾很可能仅是谣传,而这小妾姓什么、是否由慈禧所赠、后来又改嫁何人等传言都仅是附会之说。

中法战争:最后的“政治孤勇者”


马尾海战的败绩,把左宗棠晚年的理想与孤勇暴露在最刺目的光里。


1884年8月,法军在闽江口以迅雷不及掩耳之势摧毁福建水师,福州船政局与沿岸炮台遭受毁灭性打击,清军多舰被击沉,战况之急促与惨烈触动了左宗棠最深的痛处。


战后朝廷震怒,遂以钦差大臣之名任命左宗棠出任督师,赴福建整顿海防、重建舰政。他已是古稀之年,身带旧疾,却仍带病南下,亲临马尾、巡视沿海炮台,力图以实务重振军心,整顿防务体系。目睹二十年船政之积累在瞬间化为灰烬,他愤然斥责船政局“二十年之积累,毁于一旦”的惨状。愤慨与悲痛交织,成为他生命最后阶段的浓烈情绪。


而左宗棠在福州的数月,除了军事建设,更多是与朝廷政策的博弈。他主张坚定抗争、巩固海防并推进制度性改革,反对因败绩而急于妥协的软弱做法,但朝廷却在内外压力与外交现实面前,选择了渐趋妥协的路线,左宗棠的主张在朝廷内屡屡受阻。这个久经沙场的实务家在晚年阶段,不得不以更为孤勇的姿态,单刀直入地捍卫自己对国家主权与军务建设的判断。


年老体弱的左宗棠坚持巡视要塞,亲见残舰断壁与官兵士气低落,心中的失望与愤怒不断累积。终其一生以实业、军务自励的左宗棠,在眼见船政与江海防务的脆弱中,走向了生命的尽头。


1885年9月5日,左宗棠在福州辞世,谥号“文襄”。“文”意涵盖经天纬地,“襄”寓意开疆拓土,可见朝廷对他的功绩赋予了高度认可。



左宗棠的形象似乎始终带着“矛盾”的光环,他如同一块投入时代激流的巨石,激起的既是力挽狂澜的巨浪,但也会形成争议不休的漩涡。清廷虽为其追赐太傅,但不久便撤销了部分新疆新政。梁启超盛赞其为“五百年以来的第一伟人”,李鸿章却私下给他取“曹阿瞒”的外号,讽刺其奸诈阴险。


不管争议如何,左宗棠作为能臣的形象留名史册。他以农业文明的资源体系,拼搏于工业时代的冲击之下,也以“修身齐家治国平天下”的士大夫精神,深度参与近代中国的国防与政治。左宗棠的晚年,为我们理解那个巨变中的晚清,提供了一个充满悲壮张力的历史剖面。


参考资料:

左焕奎:《左宗棠略传》,武汉:华中师范大学出版社,1993年。

王林:《左宗棠》,昆明:云南教育出版社,2009年。

刘江华:《左宗棠传信录基于清宫档案的真相还原》,长沙:岳麓书社,2017年。

易孟醇:《曾国藩真相录》,长沙:湖南人民出版社,2015年。


*本文系“国家人文历史”独家稿件,欢迎读者转发朋友圈。


END
作者 | 关禾
编辑 | 胡心雅
 主编 | 周斌
排版 | 徐沁(实习)
校对 | 古月
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", + "category": "", + "link": "http://weixin.sogou.com/weixin?type=2&query=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2+%E5%B7%A6%E5%AE%97%E6%A3%A0%E6%99%9A%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%9A%E6%B5%93%E7%BC%A9%E4%BA%86%E6%99%9A%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%80%E5%B0%96%E9%94%90%E7%9A%84%E7%9F%9B%E7%9B%BE", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Wed, 13 Aug 2025 14:45:00 +0800", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "人文", + "feed": "国家人文历史", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "d351cb05ce1778a0fdad30317df6fe98", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "“嫂”是啥意思,为什么要管哥哥的正妻叫嫂子?", + "description": "



本 文 约 3000字
阅 读 需 要 10 分钟


爱追宅斗剧的你也许总被这些场景刷屏——正妻端坐主位不怒自威,小妾梨花带雨我见犹怜,嫡子庶女明争暗斗......不过看着看着就被里面的亲属称呼绕了进去,然后不禁产生一个疑问:古代人管哥哥的正妻叫“嫂嫂”,那对哥哥的妾室(侧室)该怎么称呼?总不能也像弹幕里一样,叫“小姐姐”吧?

 

你灵光一闪,想起电视剧《西游记》,孙悟空不是说过吗:“关系好叫二嫂子,关系不好叫狐狸精!” 

 


停!打住!在古代中国,称呼,尤其是对亲属的称呼可不是随便叫的,那是宗法社会等级秩序的重要体现,是刻在DNA里的规矩!作为家中的弟弟妹妹,对兄长正妻和妾室的称呼可以说有着云泥之别,绝对不能乱套。



首先,明确一点:“嫂”或“嫂嫂”这个称呼,是正妻(嫡妻)的独家冠名权,神圣不可侵犯!就像皇后娘娘的凤冠,只有她一人能戴。《亲属记》中“嫂”释义为“兄之妻”。引用《尔雅》“女子谓兄之妻为嫂。”郑珍加按语,表示男子谓“兄之妻”亦为嫂。



东汉许慎在《说文解字》中说:


“嫂,兄妻也。从女,叟声。”


《仪礼·丧服》云:


“是嫂亦可谓之母乎?”郑玄注:“嫂者,尊严之称……嫂犹叟也。叟,老人称也。”


贾公意疏:


“叟是老人之替名,是以名为嫂。嫂,妇人之老称,故云老人之称。”


段玉裁注《说文》云:


“古者世男女之别。故于兄之妻尊严之。故‘嫂’字“形声中有会意。”


由此可知,一个“嫂”字包含着多少敬意。


那么,“嫂”这个称呼为啥这么金贵呢?根源在于古代社会延续千年的宗法制度。古代亲属间,重视长幼尊卑。尊敬兄长,亦尊敬嫂,因此也有“长嫂如母”的说法。


众所周知,古代宗法制的核心是“嫡长子继承制”。正妻是八抬大轿,三书六礼娶进家门的,拜过天地祖宗,名字写在族谱“正室”栏里的。她生的儿子是“嫡子”,享有对爵位、财产等的优先继承权,其地位受到礼俗和法律双重保护。



所以,面对这位家庭地位仅次于父母和兄长的“女主人”,弟弟妹妹们必须给予足够的尊重。当面最常用的就是亲切又尊敬的“嫂嫂”。在更书面或更郑重的场合,可能尊称“长嫂”“巨嫂”“丘嫂”等。一些文人雅士有时还会用“冢妇”这样的雅称(“冢”是大的意思,指嫡长子之妻)。总之,“嫂”这个字,是正妻身份的象征性符号。


那么,重点来了!兄长的妾室,无论她多么貌美如花、多么温柔体贴、多么受宠爱,她的地位在礼法层面也永远无法与正妻比肩。清代著名学者梁章钜在他的《称谓录》里说得明明白白:“兄之妾称姨,或称姨娘。” 



《亲属记》中“姨”这个词有多个义项。第一种,表示“妻之姊妹同嫁一夫者”。《说文解字》中说:“姨,妻之女弟同出为姨。”“同出”意思是同嫁一夫。第二种,表示“妻之姊妹”。《释名》:“妻之姊妹曰姨。”第三种,表示“母之姊妹”。《亲属记》:“母之姊妹曰姨,曰从母。”


那妾为啥叫“姨”?这辈分不乱吗?



咱们先来看看妾在古代是什么身份。《唐律疏议·户婚律》冷酷地定义:


“妻者,齐也,秦、晋为匹。妾通买卖,等数相悬。”



这句话的意思是:妻子是丈夫的伴侣和平等的伙伴;妾是可以像商品一样被买卖赠送的。比如《红楼梦》里的贾赦就花了800两银子买嫣红做妾。


我们可以看出,妾的法律地位与正妻有着天壤之别。她们更像是高级奴婢。让弟弟用称呼正妻的尊称“嫂”来称呼一个妾?这在士大夫看来简直是“礼崩乐坏”,动摇国本。




另外还有一个原因,妾如果生下孩子(庶子庶女),这些孩子便会称呼自己的生母为姨、姨娘,而不能叫“娘”或“母亲”,因为“母亲”是对正妻的专称。


所以家中的弟弟妹妹作为这些孩子的叔叔阿姨,从家族辈分和礼法角度,顺着侄子侄女的称呼,称这位妾室为“姨”或“姨娘”,是最自然、最不会出错、也最能体现身份差别的选择。这相当于默认了弟妹与这位妾室的关系,更接近“孩子的姨娘”而非“兄长的妻子”。


“姨”字,表明她相对于弟弟是长辈,需要弟弟给予一定的尊重。“娘”字,则暗示她作为孩子生母的这层生育价值。 所以,称“姨娘”,就是在承认其存在的同时,又明确将其与正妻“嫂嫂”区分开来。它既不是特别抬举,也不是刻意贬低,属于礼制要求的合规操作。



在《红楼梦》里,宝玉、贾环等晚辈称呼贾政的妾室一律都是赵姨娘、周姨娘,这就是最生动的例子。在《红楼梦》文本中,“姨娘”这个称呼经常用于妾室,堪称官方指定称呼。


当然,历史是复杂的,对兄长妾室的称呼在实际生活中也会有微妙的变化。


比如,如果这位妾室非常“争气”,为兄长生下了儿子(即你的庶出侄子),那么弟弟妹妹便需要在正式或侄子更强调其母亲身份的场合,偶尔尊称她为“庶母”。这意思是“我庶出侄子的母亲”。算是对其生育功劳的一种肯定,提升了她在家族中的一点体面。



但即便如此,这称呼的核心依然是“庶”,依然点明了她和她的孩子“非嫡出”的身份。这依然是“姨娘”称呼的一种升级版,而非“嫂”的替代品。《徽州千年契约文书》里的一些家书中,就常见“庶母某氏”的记载。


另外,在家谱、墓志铭、官方文书或者非常正式的场合,提到兄长的妾室常常会用更书面化、更直接标明身份的词汇,如侧室某氏、副室某氏或簉(zào )室某氏(“簉”,意为附属)。这些称呼清晰地标注了她在家庭结构中的辅助、非核心地位。不过,书面语是一回事,当面这么叫的话就太生硬,甚至有点不礼貌了,不如“姨娘”来得自然亲切。



还有一些如平民、商人家庭对亲属的称呼更口语化,更随意。比如会用“小姨”“小娘”等来称呼妾室。这里虽然也用了“姨”“娘”,但加了“小”字,区别嫡庶的意味更浓,也更“接地气”一些。不过这并非士大夫阶层推崇的规范。

 

我们再回到文章最开始的问题,猴哥说的关系好时叫“二嫂子”,在真实历史上存在吗?答案是:基本不可能且严重不合礼法。在严格讲究门第礼法的士大夫家庭,这种称呼是绝对的大忌。因为它模糊了最根本的“妻妾之别”,居然把“嫂”字用在了妾身上,这是对正妻地位的潜在挑战和侮辱,也是对宗法秩序的破坏。



在正史、礼书、严肃家训里,尚未找到对这种称呼的认可。它或许更像是一种“家庭内部的小昵称”,风险极高,随时可能被宗族长辈呵斥。所以,猴哥的说法,听听就好,千万别当真去实践!用了这个称呼,可能就不是“关系好”,而是不懂规矩了。



实际上,称呼背后折射的,是古代女性,尤其是妾室极其卑微的地位和悲惨的命运。这不是一个简单的称谓选择,而是古代宗法制度、家庭伦理、社会等级在语言上最直接的体现。“嫂”与“姨”,一字之差,体现的是地位的云泥之别,是礼法不可逾越的红线。而一声看似平淡的“姨娘”背后,承载的是一位女性在森严宗法制度下的无奈身份,以及一段需要我们理性看待的、复杂沉重的历史。

 

参考文献:

[1]梁章钜. 称谓录[M].中华书局点校本,卷五妾部。

[2]高佳.古汉语妾称谓词的文化解读[J].中州学刊,2006,(06):234-236.

[3]卢琨.汉语妻妾称谓委婉语研究[D].湘潭大学,2016.

[4]徐清清.《亲属记》亲属称谓研究[D].华中科技大学,2024. 

[5]吕玲娣.《红楼梦》女性称谓词研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报(人文科学版),2011,28(05):17-23.

[6]《红楼梦》


*本文系“国家人文历史”独家稿件,欢迎读者转发朋友圈。


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END
作者 | 西洲
编辑 | 胡心雅 
 主编 | 周斌
排版 | 徐沁(实习)
校对 | 火炬 李栋 张斌 古月
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国历好物
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进击的士族

旁落的皇权

跨越五百年的权力对抗史

国民历史读物《国家人文历史》专业团队

最新力作

展现士族潮起潮落的史诗级历史画卷

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点击下方封面,即可购买



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\"图片\"
“在看”的永远18岁

\n \n\n \n
\n\n \n 文章原文\n
\n \n\n \n\n \"\"
", + "content": "



本 文 约 3000字
阅 读 需 要 10 分钟


爱追宅斗剧的你也许总被这些场景刷屏——正妻端坐主位不怒自威,小妾梨花带雨我见犹怜,嫡子庶女明争暗斗......不过看着看着就被里面的亲属称呼绕了进去,然后不禁产生一个疑问:古代人管哥哥的正妻叫“嫂嫂”,那对哥哥的妾室(侧室)该怎么称呼?总不能也像弹幕里一样,叫“小姐姐”吧?

 

你灵光一闪,想起电视剧《西游记》,孙悟空不是说过吗:“关系好叫二嫂子,关系不好叫狐狸精!” 

 


停!打住!在古代中国,称呼,尤其是对亲属的称呼可不是随便叫的,那是宗法社会等级秩序的重要体现,是刻在DNA里的规矩!作为家中的弟弟妹妹,对兄长正妻和妾室的称呼可以说有着云泥之别,绝对不能乱套。



首先,明确一点:“嫂”或“嫂嫂”这个称呼,是正妻(嫡妻)的独家冠名权,神圣不可侵犯!就像皇后娘娘的凤冠,只有她一人能戴。《亲属记》中“嫂”释义为“兄之妻”。引用《尔雅》“女子谓兄之妻为嫂。”郑珍加按语,表示男子谓“兄之妻”亦为嫂。



东汉许慎在《说文解字》中说:


“嫂,兄妻也。从女,叟声。”


《仪礼·丧服》云:


“是嫂亦可谓之母乎?”郑玄注:“嫂者,尊严之称……嫂犹叟也。叟,老人称也。”


贾公意疏:


“叟是老人之替名,是以名为嫂。嫂,妇人之老称,故云老人之称。”


段玉裁注《说文》云:


“古者世男女之别。故于兄之妻尊严之。故‘嫂’字“形声中有会意。”


由此可知,一个“嫂”字包含着多少敬意。


那么,“嫂”这个称呼为啥这么金贵呢?根源在于古代社会延续千年的宗法制度。古代亲属间,重视长幼尊卑。尊敬兄长,亦尊敬嫂,因此也有“长嫂如母”的说法。


众所周知,古代宗法制的核心是“嫡长子继承制”。正妻是八抬大轿,三书六礼娶进家门的,拜过天地祖宗,名字写在族谱“正室”栏里的。她生的儿子是“嫡子”,享有对爵位、财产等的优先继承权,其地位受到礼俗和法律双重保护。



所以,面对这位家庭地位仅次于父母和兄长的“女主人”,弟弟妹妹们必须给予足够的尊重。当面最常用的就是亲切又尊敬的“嫂嫂”。在更书面或更郑重的场合,可能尊称“长嫂”“巨嫂”“丘嫂”等。一些文人雅士有时还会用“冢妇”这样的雅称(“冢”是大的意思,指嫡长子之妻)。总之,“嫂”这个字,是正妻身份的象征性符号。


那么,重点来了!兄长的妾室,无论她多么貌美如花、多么温柔体贴、多么受宠爱,她的地位在礼法层面也永远无法与正妻比肩。清代著名学者梁章钜在他的《称谓录》里说得明明白白:“兄之妾称姨,或称姨娘。” 



《亲属记》中“姨”这个词有多个义项。第一种,表示“妻之姊妹同嫁一夫者”。《说文解字》中说:“姨,妻之女弟同出为姨。”“同出”意思是同嫁一夫。第二种,表示“妻之姊妹”。《释名》:“妻之姊妹曰姨。”第三种,表示“母之姊妹”。《亲属记》:“母之姊妹曰姨,曰从母。”


那妾为啥叫“姨”?这辈分不乱吗?



咱们先来看看妾在古代是什么身份。《唐律疏议·户婚律》冷酷地定义:


“妻者,齐也,秦、晋为匹。妾通买卖,等数相悬。”



这句话的意思是:妻子是丈夫的伴侣和平等的伙伴;妾是可以像商品一样被买卖赠送的。比如《红楼梦》里的贾赦就花了800两银子买嫣红做妾。


我们可以看出,妾的法律地位与正妻有着天壤之别。她们更像是高级奴婢。让弟弟用称呼正妻的尊称“嫂”来称呼一个妾?这在士大夫看来简直是“礼崩乐坏”,动摇国本。




另外还有一个原因,妾如果生下孩子(庶子庶女),这些孩子便会称呼自己的生母为姨、姨娘,而不能叫“娘”或“母亲”,因为“母亲”是对正妻的专称。


所以家中的弟弟妹妹作为这些孩子的叔叔阿姨,从家族辈分和礼法角度,顺着侄子侄女的称呼,称这位妾室为“姨”或“姨娘”,是最自然、最不会出错、也最能体现身份差别的选择。这相当于默认了弟妹与这位妾室的关系,更接近“孩子的姨娘”而非“兄长的妻子”。


“姨”字,表明她相对于弟弟是长辈,需要弟弟给予一定的尊重。“娘”字,则暗示她作为孩子生母的这层生育价值。 所以,称“姨娘”,就是在承认其存在的同时,又明确将其与正妻“嫂嫂”区分开来。它既不是特别抬举,也不是刻意贬低,属于礼制要求的合规操作。



在《红楼梦》里,宝玉、贾环等晚辈称呼贾政的妾室一律都是赵姨娘、周姨娘,这就是最生动的例子。在《红楼梦》文本中,“姨娘”这个称呼经常用于妾室,堪称官方指定称呼。


当然,历史是复杂的,对兄长妾室的称呼在实际生活中也会有微妙的变化。


比如,如果这位妾室非常“争气”,为兄长生下了儿子(即你的庶出侄子),那么弟弟妹妹便需要在正式或侄子更强调其母亲身份的场合,偶尔尊称她为“庶母”。这意思是“我庶出侄子的母亲”。算是对其生育功劳的一种肯定,提升了她在家族中的一点体面。



但即便如此,这称呼的核心依然是“庶”,依然点明了她和她的孩子“非嫡出”的身份。这依然是“姨娘”称呼的一种升级版,而非“嫂”的替代品。《徽州千年契约文书》里的一些家书中,就常见“庶母某氏”的记载。


另外,在家谱、墓志铭、官方文书或者非常正式的场合,提到兄长的妾室常常会用更书面化、更直接标明身份的词汇,如侧室某氏、副室某氏或簉(zào )室某氏(“簉”,意为附属)。这些称呼清晰地标注了她在家庭结构中的辅助、非核心地位。不过,书面语是一回事,当面这么叫的话就太生硬,甚至有点不礼貌了,不如“姨娘”来得自然亲切。



还有一些如平民、商人家庭对亲属的称呼更口语化,更随意。比如会用“小姨”“小娘”等来称呼妾室。这里虽然也用了“姨”“娘”,但加了“小”字,区别嫡庶的意味更浓,也更“接地气”一些。不过这并非士大夫阶层推崇的规范。

 

我们再回到文章最开始的问题,猴哥说的关系好时叫“二嫂子”,在真实历史上存在吗?答案是:基本不可能且严重不合礼法。在严格讲究门第礼法的士大夫家庭,这种称呼是绝对的大忌。因为它模糊了最根本的“妻妾之别”,居然把“嫂”字用在了妾身上,这是对正妻地位的潜在挑战和侮辱,也是对宗法秩序的破坏。



在正史、礼书、严肃家训里,尚未找到对这种称呼的认可。它或许更像是一种“家庭内部的小昵称”,风险极高,随时可能被宗族长辈呵斥。所以,猴哥的说法,听听就好,千万别当真去实践!用了这个称呼,可能就不是“关系好”,而是不懂规矩了。



实际上,称呼背后折射的,是古代女性,尤其是妾室极其卑微的地位和悲惨的命运。这不是一个简单的称谓选择,而是古代宗法制度、家庭伦理、社会等级在语言上最直接的体现。“嫂”与“姨”,一字之差,体现的是地位的云泥之别,是礼法不可逾越的红线。而一声看似平淡的“姨娘”背后,承载的是一位女性在森严宗法制度下的无奈身份,以及一段需要我们理性看待的、复杂沉重的历史。

 

参考文献:

[1]梁章钜. 称谓录[M].中华书局点校本,卷五妾部。

[2]高佳.古汉语妾称谓词的文化解读[J].中州学刊,2006,(06):234-236.

[3]卢琨.汉语妻妾称谓委婉语研究[D].湘潭大学,2016.

[4]徐清清.《亲属记》亲属称谓研究[D].华中科技大学,2024. 

[5]吕玲娣.《红楼梦》女性称谓词研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报(人文科学版),2011,28(05):17-23.

[6]《红楼梦》


*本文系“国家人文历史”独家稿件,欢迎读者转发朋友圈。


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1206年,成吉思汗完成草原各部落的统一,由此逐步开启了其作为“世界征服者”的历程。



在此后的半个世纪内,蒙古帝国的军队宛如风暴,席卷欧亚大陆。成吉思汗及其子孙们,先后将高昌回鹘(1209)、西辽(1218)、西夏(1227)、花剌子模(1231)、金(1234)、基辅罗斯(1240)等政权统辖的土地、人民,悉数纳入蒙古帝国的疆域之内。


及至第四任大汗蒙哥统治时期(1251—1259),蒙古帝国继续向西、向南扩张。蒙哥派遣他的两位弟弟,旭烈兀进攻“西域素丹诸国”,忽必烈“征大理”。


此时,安南(今越南北部)尚未进入蒙古帝国的视野。


从长远来看,“征大理”是为了全面进攻南宋所做的一项军事部署。忽必烈平定大理之后,蒙、宋两国除了在长江沿线的对峙,又增辟了西南地区的战场。蒙古对南宋形成了大范围的迂回包围之势。同样重要的是,由此,蒙古与安南开始了直接接触乃至正面交锋。



蒙古的意图:假途灭虢?

 

蒙古与安南的直接接触,始于元宪宗蒙哥七年(1257),缘由还是与进攻南宋有关。


南宋无疑是蒙哥时代最为重要的军事目标。蒙哥派遣忽必烈平定大理,是攻灭南宋宏大战略的关键一步。大理平定之后,蒙古军队发现,要想从西南方向出兵南宋,需要从大理经过安南境内,进攻南宋所辖的邕州(今广西壮族自治区南宁市)、贵州(今广西壮族自治区桂林市);进而深入南宋内地,北上与荆湖战场的鄂州(今湖北省武汉市)主力会师,沿江而下,灭亡南宋政权。



换而言之,在当时的蒙哥、忽必烈等蒙古贵族看来,攻宋是第一要务,与安南的交涉只是实现长期目标的必要手段。


元宪宗七年(1257),蒙古大将兀良合台派两名使者诏谕安南。或许是蒙古使者直接亮明了“招降”的态度(《元史·兀良合台传》),抑或安南早已从邻国南宋、大理等处对强敌蒙古有了初步的认识,安南一方面扣留了两名蒙古使者,另一方面开始调集水军、步军加强边境防卫,修缮武器装备,以应对蒙古即将到来的入侵。


从安南较为强烈的反应不难推测,两名蒙古使臣可能被安南杀害。所谓“两国交战,不斩来使”,蒙古帝国对派出的使者尤为重视,早在蒙古与安南交涉之前,相当一部分的战事皆以使臣被杀为导火索。1218年,花剌子模国讹答剌(今哈萨克斯坦东南部奇姆肯特市)长官无端“杀大朝(引者按:蒙古)使命数人、商贾百数,尽有其财货”。成吉思汗大怒,但仍再次派遣使者前往花剌子模谴责其背信弃义,要求赔偿损失并且处置凶手。花剌子模国王决心一条道走到黑,又杀害了蒙古使者。成吉思汗忍无可忍,决定兴兵复仇。蒙古第一次西征,因花剌子模两次杀使而起,具有很强的偶然性。



“借道出兵”也是蒙古军队常用的战术。然而,这种战术颇有假途灭虢之嫌,绝难被其他国家所接受,实际执行起来效果较差,还大大提升了己方使臣被杀的概率。1231年,蒙古使臣搠(shuò)不罕(又译速不罕、主不罕等)奉拖雷之命,前往青野原(今陕西省汉中市)向南宋借道进攻金国。南宋方面当然不能接受借道的提议,于是设计诱杀搠不罕。此事亦成为金亡之后,蒙古进攻南宋的重要口实之一。


安南同样不接受蒙古军队借道,而且也清楚这样做的后果。果然,宪宗七年(1257)十一月,兀良合台率军向安南进发,以彻彻都为先锋,自领中军,兀良合台之子阿朮殿后。安南国王陈日煚(jiǒng)在洮江(今红河)沿岸设兵布防,甚至排列象阵以待。蒙古军队很快击破了安南防线,大败其水、陆诸军,继而攻陷安南都城升龙城(今越南河内)。国王陈日煚不得已同意归附蒙古,兀良合台遂班师返回云南。




蒙古与安南的首次交战,以蒙古一方的胜利而告终。安南承诺向蒙古派遣质子、“三年一贡”等条件,蒙古兀良合台部也实现了由安南借道,进攻广西、湖南各州县,在鄂州与蒙古主力会师进攻南宋的战略目标。


不过,唯一的意外是,蒙哥汗在钓鱼城下去世。蒙古帝国的最高权力面临着重组和洗牌。此时即便是进攻南宋(遑论安南)军国重事都需要暂时搁置。新汗忽必烈亟需解决内部纷争,然后才能着手处理安南的问题。


元朝和安南的“六事”之争

 

从忽必烈即位的中统元年(1260)开始,直到至元十五年(1278),蒙古对安南纳贡臣服的态度整体较为宽容,但也逐步开始要求安南履行“六事”的义务。



所谓“六事”,明确见于至元四年(1267)元朝向安南颁发的诏书:


太祖皇帝圣制:凡有归附之国,君长亲朝,子弟入质,编民数,出军役,输纳税赋,仍置达鲁花赤统治之。以数事以表来附之深诚也。


具体而言,“六事”是指自太祖皇帝(即成吉思汗)以来形成的、蒙古对其臣服国家所施加的六项归附要求,分别是:


一、“君长亲朝”:臣属国君主须亲自觐见蒙古大汗(元朝皇帝)。

二、“子弟入质”:臣属国君主须派遣王族子弟前往元朝充当质子。

三、“编民数”:清查户口,编制户籍册。

四、“出军役”:蒙古军队出征时,附属国须派兵应役,提供军事协助。

五、“输纳税赋”:向元朝朝贡进献。

六、“置达鲁花赤”:元朝在臣属国设置监临长官(达鲁花赤,蒙古语daruqachi音译,意为镇守官、长官)。



蒙哥汗时代,兀良合台虽然要求安南“君长亲朝”,安南自己也承诺了“子弟入质”,但实际上都不了了之,最终做到的也只有“六事”中的“输纳税赋”一项而已。至元四年(1267)的元朝诏书尽管完整地提出“六事”,但并未要求安南全部执行,主要推进的是“出军役”和“置达鲁花赤”两项。即便如此,至元十二年(1275),陈日煚上表请求元朝废除在安南设置的达鲁花赤。表文中声辩说:


“达鲁花赤可施于边蛮小丑,岂有臣既席王封为一方藩屏,而反立达鲁花赤以监临之,宁不见笑于诸侯之国乎!”


元朝并未也无须顾及安南的感受,只是断然拒绝,并提出极为严厉的批评:


归附逾十五年,未尝亲自来觐,数事竟未举行。



次年,即至元十三年(1276),陈日煚向元朝进贡时,提出“乞免六事”——这一请求多少有些不识时务。罢除达鲁花赤“一事”,元廷尚不能同意,更何况“六事”皆免呢?除此之外,此时元朝已经攻入南宋临安城,军事实力正盛,对待安南的态度也只会愈发强硬和严苛。


至元十四年(1277),陈日煚去世,即“陈太宗”,也是陈朝的第一任君主。安南立陈日烜为国王,是为“陈圣宗”。陈圣宗陈日烜遣使朝元,元世祖“诏切责之”,认为他未经请示自立为王,敦促其早日来朝。陈日烜几番推诿,拒绝亲身朝觐,只能退求其次,派遣族叔陈遗爱代为觐见。



忽必烈失去了对安南的耐心。既然三令五申“君长亲朝”,陈日烜累次称病,那么就立前来朝觐的陈遗爱为安南国王吧!元朝另立安南国王,陈日烜显然不答应,陈遗爱也不愿意。陈遗爱先行逃回安南,结果被陈日烜处死(一说流放)。


元朝扶植傀儡的手段失败,于是又生一计。当时正值占城(今越南中部、南部)反叛,忽必烈命令荆湖占城行省右丞唆都率军从安南借道,征伐邻国占城。这对经历过元宪宗七年借道的安南来说,无异于历史重演。陈日烜一面拒绝元朝借道的要求,一面积极准备战事。



元世祖朝三征安南


安南不肯借道,唆都只能从海路进攻占城。唆都在占城的军事行动,始终未得到安南的配合,这也是元征占城失利的原因之一。此后,一方面,元朝将在占城的失败,归咎于安南屡次拒绝元朝派兵相助和供给粮草的要求。另一方面,原本进攻占城的唆都部,从陆路撤回元朝,也必须途经安南。


至元二十一年(1284)十二月,唆都军从占城北上,忽必烈之子镇南王脱欢从湖广行省南下,对安南形成南北夹击之势。脱欢率军至洞板隘,遭遇安南军队阻击。元军将其击败,安南主将秦岑中箭身亡。随后,脱欢率军六路并进,安南兴道王陈国峻不敌,撤至万劫(今越南今北宁省万安),集结兵船千余艘与元军展开激战。陈国峻战败后,继续逃亡。安南国王陈日烜派遣军马及战船增援陈国峻,元军与之交战,再度击败了陈国峻部。陈日烜‌又沿富良江布设兵船,构筑木栅工事‌,以图阻挡元军攻势。元军成功渡过富良江,兵锋直指安南都城,陈日烜弃城而走。至元二十二年(1285)正月,元军攻入安南国都,此时陈日烜已经逃离升龙城,部分安南王族、大臣投降元朝,其中就包括了《安南志略》的作者黎崱(zè)。从占城北进的唆都部与脱欢大军成功会师。‌唆都军‌“自入其境,大小七战,取地二千余里,王宫四所”,同样取得了一系列胜利。安南军队虽然前期散败,但仍在暗中积蓄力量,暂时避免与元军进行决战。等到四月,天气逐渐炎热,元军久战力疲,安南军队开始转入反攻。镇南王脱欢败退云南,唆都战死。元世祖朝第一次征伐安南(1284—1285),安南转败为胜。安南虽然一度丢失国都,甚至有亡国之虞,最终还是击退了蒙古强敌。



忽必烈不能接受这次对安南征伐的失败,很快便开始筹划再次进攻。至元二十三年(1286),忽必烈调集湖广、江浙、江西三行省近六万人再度出征安南。安南国王陈日烜同样采取了弃守都城、分散抵抗的策略。由于元朝内部对此次南征安南多持反对意见,忽必烈很快中止了此番进攻安南的军事行动,元军迅速撤回。


然而,忽必烈对安南臣服的执念并未消散。至元二十四年、二十五年(1287—1288),忽必烈第三次组织军队征伐安南。元朝方面的最高统帅仍是此前的败军之将镇南王脱欢。脱欢的军事素养不怎么样,缺乏指挥大兵团作战和统筹全局的才能;主要将领有乌马儿、樊楫等人。元军水陆并进,与安南交战。由乌马儿率领的水军初战失利,粮船失陷,军队补给已经有所不继。元军尽管再度攻占安南都城,但这依然是安南军队诱敌深入、坚壁清野的策略。元军内部不仅粮草匮乏,而且瘟疫等疾病增多,士气不振。安南军队不断组织游击战袭击,元军不堪其扰,镇南王决定班师撤离。然而,元军撤退时,水军、步军策应失宜,进入白藤江之后,又被安南军队事先用木桩堵截河道。安南军队利用潮退伏击元军,元军伤亡惨重。这场战役被称为“白藤江之战”,以安南胜利告终。元军主帅镇南王脱欢侥幸逃回,忽必烈以其两次征伐安南“丧师辱国”,终身不许入朝觐见;水军统帅乌马儿、大将樊楫皆被安南俘获后杀害(但安南对元朝宣称,两员战将是战死或病亡)。


安南虽在第一次、第三次与元朝的战事中获胜,但毕竟综合实力悬殊,于是迅速向元朝谢罪、示好。经过数次征伐,忽必烈始终没有放弃对安南“君主亲朝”的要求;安南国王则虚与委蛇,屡次拒绝执行“六事”。至元三十年(1293),忽必烈仍有出征安南的计划,甚至已经基本完成调兵遣将、筹措粮草军需等前期准备工作。然而,次年正月,忽必烈病逝,元朝和安南之间一触即发的战争迎来转机。此后,元朝不再以“六事”要求安南,等于基本上承认了安南的独立地位。安南只需向元朝“三年一贡”,一切似乎又回到了忽必烈即位之前的状态。



忽必烈时代与安南的三次交战,整体以元朝失败而告终。元朝军事失败的原因是多维度的:元军劳师远征,后勤补给困难;安南的湿热气候和密林水道,使得蒙古骑兵的优势难以发挥;再加之主帅镇南王脱欢缺乏军事领导才能,其他高级将领也存在轻敌的心态。相对而言,安南的军事抵抗颇有策略,采用了诱敌深入、游击作战、坚壁清野等战术。


元朝征伐安南的失败,表明已经抵达帝国扩张的边界。所谓“边界”,兼有地理地缘以及政治、文化层面的意涵。安南成为元朝未能纳入版图的南疆边界,这里不仅潮湿闷热,而且极度远离元朝的政治中心。元世祖强行突破“边界”的多次尝试,耗费了帝国大量的人力、物力,最终只能退回到传统的朝贡体制。


参考文献:

1、宋濂等撰:《元史》,北京:中华书局,1976年。

2、[越]黎崱著,武尚清点校:《安南志略》,北京:中华书局,2000年。

3、韩儒林主编:《元朝史(修订本)》,北京:人民出版社,2008年。

3、苗冬:《元代使臣研究》,南开大学博士学位论文,2010年。

4、温海清:《臣服或毁灭:使臣见杀、造囚视阈下的蒙元对外政策再检讨》,《文史》2021年第3辑。

5、于磊:《元朝“六事”外交模式再探》,《史林》2023年第1期。

6、党宝海:《元代丝绸之路史论稿》,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2024年。


*本文系“国家人文历史”独家稿件,欢迎读者转发朋友圈。


END
作者 | 望涯
编辑 | 胡心雅
 主编 | 周斌
排版 | 徐沁(实习)
校对 | 张斌
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1206年,成吉思汗完成草原各部落的统一,由此逐步开启了其作为“世界征服者”的历程。



在此后的半个世纪内,蒙古帝国的军队宛如风暴,席卷欧亚大陆。成吉思汗及其子孙们,先后将高昌回鹘(1209)、西辽(1218)、西夏(1227)、花剌子模(1231)、金(1234)、基辅罗斯(1240)等政权统辖的土地、人民,悉数纳入蒙古帝国的疆域之内。


及至第四任大汗蒙哥统治时期(1251—1259),蒙古帝国继续向西、向南扩张。蒙哥派遣他的两位弟弟,旭烈兀进攻“西域素丹诸国”,忽必烈“征大理”。


此时,安南(今越南北部)尚未进入蒙古帝国的视野。


从长远来看,“征大理”是为了全面进攻南宋所做的一项军事部署。忽必烈平定大理之后,蒙、宋两国除了在长江沿线的对峙,又增辟了西南地区的战场。蒙古对南宋形成了大范围的迂回包围之势。同样重要的是,由此,蒙古与安南开始了直接接触乃至正面交锋。



蒙古的意图:假途灭虢?

 

蒙古与安南的直接接触,始于元宪宗蒙哥七年(1257),缘由还是与进攻南宋有关。


南宋无疑是蒙哥时代最为重要的军事目标。蒙哥派遣忽必烈平定大理,是攻灭南宋宏大战略的关键一步。大理平定之后,蒙古军队发现,要想从西南方向出兵南宋,需要从大理经过安南境内,进攻南宋所辖的邕州(今广西壮族自治区南宁市)、贵州(今广西壮族自治区桂林市);进而深入南宋内地,北上与荆湖战场的鄂州(今湖北省武汉市)主力会师,沿江而下,灭亡南宋政权。



换而言之,在当时的蒙哥、忽必烈等蒙古贵族看来,攻宋是第一要务,与安南的交涉只是实现长期目标的必要手段。


元宪宗七年(1257),蒙古大将兀良合台派两名使者诏谕安南。或许是蒙古使者直接亮明了“招降”的态度(《元史·兀良合台传》),抑或安南早已从邻国南宋、大理等处对强敌蒙古有了初步的认识,安南一方面扣留了两名蒙古使者,另一方面开始调集水军、步军加强边境防卫,修缮武器装备,以应对蒙古即将到来的入侵。


从安南较为强烈的反应不难推测,两名蒙古使臣可能被安南杀害。所谓“两国交战,不斩来使”,蒙古帝国对派出的使者尤为重视,早在蒙古与安南交涉之前,相当一部分的战事皆以使臣被杀为导火索。1218年,花剌子模国讹答剌(今哈萨克斯坦东南部奇姆肯特市)长官无端“杀大朝(引者按:蒙古)使命数人、商贾百数,尽有其财货”。成吉思汗大怒,但仍再次派遣使者前往花剌子模谴责其背信弃义,要求赔偿损失并且处置凶手。花剌子模国王决心一条道走到黑,又杀害了蒙古使者。成吉思汗忍无可忍,决定兴兵复仇。蒙古第一次西征,因花剌子模两次杀使而起,具有很强的偶然性。



“借道出兵”也是蒙古军队常用的战术。然而,这种战术颇有假途灭虢之嫌,绝难被其他国家所接受,实际执行起来效果较差,还大大提升了己方使臣被杀的概率。1231年,蒙古使臣搠(shuò)不罕(又译速不罕、主不罕等)奉拖雷之命,前往青野原(今陕西省汉中市)向南宋借道进攻金国。南宋方面当然不能接受借道的提议,于是设计诱杀搠不罕。此事亦成为金亡之后,蒙古进攻南宋的重要口实之一。


安南同样不接受蒙古军队借道,而且也清楚这样做的后果。果然,宪宗七年(1257)十一月,兀良合台率军向安南进发,以彻彻都为先锋,自领中军,兀良合台之子阿朮殿后。安南国王陈日煚(jiǒng)在洮江(今红河)沿岸设兵布防,甚至排列象阵以待。蒙古军队很快击破了安南防线,大败其水、陆诸军,继而攻陷安南都城升龙城(今越南河内)。国王陈日煚不得已同意归附蒙古,兀良合台遂班师返回云南。




蒙古与安南的首次交战,以蒙古一方的胜利而告终。安南承诺向蒙古派遣质子、“三年一贡”等条件,蒙古兀良合台部也实现了由安南借道,进攻广西、湖南各州县,在鄂州与蒙古主力会师进攻南宋的战略目标。


不过,唯一的意外是,蒙哥汗在钓鱼城下去世。蒙古帝国的最高权力面临着重组和洗牌。此时即便是进攻南宋(遑论安南)军国重事都需要暂时搁置。新汗忽必烈亟需解决内部纷争,然后才能着手处理安南的问题。


元朝和安南的“六事”之争

 

从忽必烈即位的中统元年(1260)开始,直到至元十五年(1278),蒙古对安南纳贡臣服的态度整体较为宽容,但也逐步开始要求安南履行“六事”的义务。



所谓“六事”,明确见于至元四年(1267)元朝向安南颁发的诏书:


太祖皇帝圣制:凡有归附之国,君长亲朝,子弟入质,编民数,出军役,输纳税赋,仍置达鲁花赤统治之。以数事以表来附之深诚也。


具体而言,“六事”是指自太祖皇帝(即成吉思汗)以来形成的、蒙古对其臣服国家所施加的六项归附要求,分别是:


一、“君长亲朝”:臣属国君主须亲自觐见蒙古大汗(元朝皇帝)。

二、“子弟入质”:臣属国君主须派遣王族子弟前往元朝充当质子。

三、“编民数”:清查户口,编制户籍册。

四、“出军役”:蒙古军队出征时,附属国须派兵应役,提供军事协助。

五、“输纳税赋”:向元朝朝贡进献。

六、“置达鲁花赤”:元朝在臣属国设置监临长官(达鲁花赤,蒙古语daruqachi音译,意为镇守官、长官)。



蒙哥汗时代,兀良合台虽然要求安南“君长亲朝”,安南自己也承诺了“子弟入质”,但实际上都不了了之,最终做到的也只有“六事”中的“输纳税赋”一项而已。至元四年(1267)的元朝诏书尽管完整地提出“六事”,但并未要求安南全部执行,主要推进的是“出军役”和“置达鲁花赤”两项。即便如此,至元十二年(1275),陈日煚上表请求元朝废除在安南设置的达鲁花赤。表文中声辩说:


“达鲁花赤可施于边蛮小丑,岂有臣既席王封为一方藩屏,而反立达鲁花赤以监临之,宁不见笑于诸侯之国乎!”


元朝并未也无须顾及安南的感受,只是断然拒绝,并提出极为严厉的批评:


归附逾十五年,未尝亲自来觐,数事竟未举行。



次年,即至元十三年(1276),陈日煚向元朝进贡时,提出“乞免六事”——这一请求多少有些不识时务。罢除达鲁花赤“一事”,元廷尚不能同意,更何况“六事”皆免呢?除此之外,此时元朝已经攻入南宋临安城,军事实力正盛,对待安南的态度也只会愈发强硬和严苛。


至元十四年(1277),陈日煚去世,即“陈太宗”,也是陈朝的第一任君主。安南立陈日烜为国王,是为“陈圣宗”。陈圣宗陈日烜遣使朝元,元世祖“诏切责之”,认为他未经请示自立为王,敦促其早日来朝。陈日烜几番推诿,拒绝亲身朝觐,只能退求其次,派遣族叔陈遗爱代为觐见。



忽必烈失去了对安南的耐心。既然三令五申“君长亲朝”,陈日烜累次称病,那么就立前来朝觐的陈遗爱为安南国王吧!元朝另立安南国王,陈日烜显然不答应,陈遗爱也不愿意。陈遗爱先行逃回安南,结果被陈日烜处死(一说流放)。


元朝扶植傀儡的手段失败,于是又生一计。当时正值占城(今越南中部、南部)反叛,忽必烈命令荆湖占城行省右丞唆都率军从安南借道,征伐邻国占城。这对经历过元宪宗七年借道的安南来说,无异于历史重演。陈日烜一面拒绝元朝借道的要求,一面积极准备战事。



元世祖朝三征安南


安南不肯借道,唆都只能从海路进攻占城。唆都在占城的军事行动,始终未得到安南的配合,这也是元征占城失利的原因之一。此后,一方面,元朝将在占城的失败,归咎于安南屡次拒绝元朝派兵相助和供给粮草的要求。另一方面,原本进攻占城的唆都部,从陆路撤回元朝,也必须途经安南。


至元二十一年(1284)十二月,唆都军从占城北上,忽必烈之子镇南王脱欢从湖广行省南下,对安南形成南北夹击之势。脱欢率军至洞板隘,遭遇安南军队阻击。元军将其击败,安南主将秦岑中箭身亡。随后,脱欢率军六路并进,安南兴道王陈国峻不敌,撤至万劫(今越南今北宁省万安),集结兵船千余艘与元军展开激战。陈国峻战败后,继续逃亡。安南国王陈日烜派遣军马及战船增援陈国峻,元军与之交战,再度击败了陈国峻部。陈日烜‌又沿富良江布设兵船,构筑木栅工事‌,以图阻挡元军攻势。元军成功渡过富良江,兵锋直指安南都城,陈日烜弃城而走。至元二十二年(1285)正月,元军攻入安南国都,此时陈日烜已经逃离升龙城,部分安南王族、大臣投降元朝,其中就包括了《安南志略》的作者黎崱(zè)。从占城北进的唆都部与脱欢大军成功会师。‌唆都军‌“自入其境,大小七战,取地二千余里,王宫四所”,同样取得了一系列胜利。安南军队虽然前期散败,但仍在暗中积蓄力量,暂时避免与元军进行决战。等到四月,天气逐渐炎热,元军久战力疲,安南军队开始转入反攻。镇南王脱欢败退云南,唆都战死。元世祖朝第一次征伐安南(1284—1285),安南转败为胜。安南虽然一度丢失国都,甚至有亡国之虞,最终还是击退了蒙古强敌。



忽必烈不能接受这次对安南征伐的失败,很快便开始筹划再次进攻。至元二十三年(1286),忽必烈调集湖广、江浙、江西三行省近六万人再度出征安南。安南国王陈日烜同样采取了弃守都城、分散抵抗的策略。由于元朝内部对此次南征安南多持反对意见,忽必烈很快中止了此番进攻安南的军事行动,元军迅速撤回。


然而,忽必烈对安南臣服的执念并未消散。至元二十四年、二十五年(1287—1288),忽必烈第三次组织军队征伐安南。元朝方面的最高统帅仍是此前的败军之将镇南王脱欢。脱欢的军事素养不怎么样,缺乏指挥大兵团作战和统筹全局的才能;主要将领有乌马儿、樊楫等人。元军水陆并进,与安南交战。由乌马儿率领的水军初战失利,粮船失陷,军队补给已经有所不继。元军尽管再度攻占安南都城,但这依然是安南军队诱敌深入、坚壁清野的策略。元军内部不仅粮草匮乏,而且瘟疫等疾病增多,士气不振。安南军队不断组织游击战袭击,元军不堪其扰,镇南王决定班师撤离。然而,元军撤退时,水军、步军策应失宜,进入白藤江之后,又被安南军队事先用木桩堵截河道。安南军队利用潮退伏击元军,元军伤亡惨重。这场战役被称为“白藤江之战”,以安南胜利告终。元军主帅镇南王脱欢侥幸逃回,忽必烈以其两次征伐安南“丧师辱国”,终身不许入朝觐见;水军统帅乌马儿、大将樊楫皆被安南俘获后杀害(但安南对元朝宣称,两员战将是战死或病亡)。


安南虽在第一次、第三次与元朝的战事中获胜,但毕竟综合实力悬殊,于是迅速向元朝谢罪、示好。经过数次征伐,忽必烈始终没有放弃对安南“君主亲朝”的要求;安南国王则虚与委蛇,屡次拒绝执行“六事”。至元三十年(1293),忽必烈仍有出征安南的计划,甚至已经基本完成调兵遣将、筹措粮草军需等前期准备工作。然而,次年正月,忽必烈病逝,元朝和安南之间一触即发的战争迎来转机。此后,元朝不再以“六事”要求安南,等于基本上承认了安南的独立地位。安南只需向元朝“三年一贡”,一切似乎又回到了忽必烈即位之前的状态。



忽必烈时代与安南的三次交战,整体以元朝失败而告终。元朝军事失败的原因是多维度的:元军劳师远征,后勤补给困难;安南的湿热气候和密林水道,使得蒙古骑兵的优势难以发挥;再加之主帅镇南王脱欢缺乏军事领导才能,其他高级将领也存在轻敌的心态。相对而言,安南的军事抵抗颇有策略,采用了诱敌深入、游击作战、坚壁清野等战术。


元朝征伐安南的失败,表明已经抵达帝国扩张的边界。所谓“边界”,兼有地理地缘以及政治、文化层面的意涵。安南成为元朝未能纳入版图的南疆边界,这里不仅潮湿闷热,而且极度远离元朝的政治中心。元世祖强行突破“边界”的多次尝试,耗费了帝国大量的人力、物力,最终只能退回到传统的朝贡体制。


参考文献:

1、宋濂等撰:《元史》,北京:中华书局,1976年。

2、[越]黎崱著,武尚清点校:《安南志略》,北京:中华书局,2000年。

3、韩儒林主编:《元朝史(修订本)》,北京:人民出版社,2008年。

3、苗冬:《元代使臣研究》,南开大学博士学位论文,2010年。

4、温海清:《臣服或毁灭:使臣见杀、造囚视阈下的蒙元对外政策再检讨》,《文史》2021年第3辑。

5、于磊:《元朝“六事”外交模式再探》,《史林》2023年第1期。

6、党宝海:《元代丝绸之路史论稿》,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2024年。


*本文系“国家人文历史”独家稿件,欢迎读者转发朋友圈。


END
作者 | 望涯
编辑 | 胡心雅
 主编 | 周斌
排版 | 徐沁(实习)
校对 | 张斌
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1206年,成吉思汗完成草原各部落的统一,由此逐步开启了其作为“世界征服者”的历程。



在此后的半个世纪内,蒙古帝国的军队宛如风暴,席卷欧亚大陆。成吉思汗及其子孙们,先后将高昌回鹘(1209)、西辽(1218)、西夏(1227)、花剌子模(1231)、金(1234)、基辅罗斯(1240)等政权统辖的土地、人民,悉数纳入蒙古帝国的疆域之内。


及至第四任大汗蒙哥统治时期(1251—1259),蒙古帝国继续向西、向南扩张。蒙哥派遣他的两位弟弟,旭烈兀进攻“西域素丹诸国”,忽必烈“征大理”。


此时,安南(今越南北部)尚未进入蒙古帝国的视野。


从长远来看,“征大理”是为了全面进攻南宋所做的一项军事部署。忽必烈平定大理之后,蒙、宋两国除了在长江沿线的对峙,又增辟了西南地区的战场。蒙古对南宋形成了大范围的迂回包围之势。同样重要的是,由此,蒙古与安南开始了直接接触乃至正面交锋。



蒙古的意图:假途灭虢?

 

蒙古与安南的直接接触,始于元宪宗蒙哥七年(1257),缘由还是与进攻南宋有关。


南宋无疑是蒙哥时代最为重要的军事目标。蒙哥派遣忽必烈平定大理,是攻灭南宋宏大战略的关键一步。大理平定之后,蒙古军队发现,要想从西南方向出兵南宋,需要从大理经过安南境内,进攻南宋所辖的邕州(今广西壮族自治区南宁市)、贵州(今广西壮族自治区桂林市);进而深入南宋内地,北上与荆湖战场的鄂州(今湖北省武汉市)主力会师,沿江而下,灭亡南宋政权。



换而言之,在当时的蒙哥、忽必烈等蒙古贵族看来,攻宋是第一要务,与安南的交涉只是实现长期目标的必要手段。


元宪宗七年(1257),蒙古大将兀良合台派两名使者诏谕安南。或许是蒙古使者直接亮明了“招降”的态度(《元史·兀良合台传》),抑或安南早已从邻国南宋、大理等处对强敌蒙古有了初步的认识,安南一方面扣留了两名蒙古使者,另一方面开始调集水军、步军加强边境防卫,修缮武器装备,以应对蒙古即将到来的入侵。


从安南较为强烈的反应不难推测,两名蒙古使臣可能被安南杀害。所谓“两国交战,不斩来使”,蒙古帝国对派出的使者尤为重视,早在蒙古与安南交涉之前,相当一部分的战事皆以使臣被杀为导火索。1218年,花剌子模国讹答剌(今哈萨克斯坦东南部奇姆肯特市)长官无端“杀大朝(引者按:蒙古)使命数人、商贾百数,尽有其财货”。成吉思汗大怒,但仍再次派遣使者前往花剌子模谴责其背信弃义,要求赔偿损失并且处置凶手。花剌子模国王决心一条道走到黑,又杀害了蒙古使者。成吉思汗忍无可忍,决定兴兵复仇。蒙古第一次西征,因花剌子模两次杀使而起,具有很强的偶然性。



“借道出兵”也是蒙古军队常用的战术。然而,这种战术颇有假途灭虢之嫌,绝难被其他国家所接受,实际执行起来效果较差,还大大提升了己方使臣被杀的概率。1231年,蒙古使臣搠(shuò)不罕(又译速不罕、主不罕等)奉拖雷之命,前往青野原(今陕西省汉中市)向南宋借道进攻金国。南宋方面当然不能接受借道的提议,于是设计诱杀搠不罕。此事亦成为金亡之后,蒙古进攻南宋的重要口实之一。


安南同样不接受蒙古军队借道,而且也清楚这样做的后果。果然,宪宗七年(1257)十一月,兀良合台率军向安南进发,以彻彻都为先锋,自领中军,兀良合台之子阿朮殿后。安南国王陈日煚(jiǒng)在洮江(今红河)沿岸设兵布防,甚至排列象阵以待。蒙古军队很快击破了安南防线,大败其水、陆诸军,继而攻陷安南都城升龙城(今越南河内)。国王陈日煚不得已同意归附蒙古,兀良合台遂班师返回云南。




蒙古与安南的首次交战,以蒙古一方的胜利而告终。安南承诺向蒙古派遣质子、“三年一贡”等条件,蒙古兀良合台部也实现了由安南借道,进攻广西、湖南各州县,在鄂州与蒙古主力会师进攻南宋的战略目标。


不过,唯一的意外是,蒙哥汗在钓鱼城下去世。蒙古帝国的最高权力面临着重组和洗牌。此时即便是进攻南宋(遑论安南)军国重事都需要暂时搁置。新汗忽必烈亟需解决内部纷争,然后才能着手处理安南的问题。


元朝和安南的“六事”之争

 

从忽必烈即位的中统元年(1260)开始,直到至元十五年(1278),蒙古对安南纳贡臣服的态度整体较为宽容,但也逐步开始要求安南履行“六事”的义务。



所谓“六事”,明确见于至元四年(1267)元朝向安南颁发的诏书:


太祖皇帝圣制:凡有归附之国,君长亲朝,子弟入质,编民数,出军役,输纳税赋,仍置达鲁花赤统治之。以数事以表来附之深诚也。


具体而言,“六事”是指自太祖皇帝(即成吉思汗)以来形成的、蒙古对其臣服国家所施加的六项归附要求,分别是:


一、“君长亲朝”:臣属国君主须亲自觐见蒙古大汗(元朝皇帝)。

二、“子弟入质”:臣属国君主须派遣王族子弟前往元朝充当质子。

三、“编民数”:清查户口,编制户籍册。

四、“出军役”:蒙古军队出征时,附属国须派兵应役,提供军事协助。

五、“输纳税赋”:向元朝朝贡进献。

六、“置达鲁花赤”:元朝在臣属国设置监临长官(达鲁花赤,蒙古语daruqachi音译,意为镇守官、长官)。



蒙哥汗时代,兀良合台虽然要求安南“君长亲朝”,安南自己也承诺了“子弟入质”,但实际上都不了了之,最终做到的也只有“六事”中的“输纳税赋”一项而已。至元四年(1267)的元朝诏书尽管完整地提出“六事”,但并未要求安南全部执行,主要推进的是“出军役”和“置达鲁花赤”两项。即便如此,至元十二年(1275),陈日煚上表请求元朝废除在安南设置的达鲁花赤。表文中声辩说:


“达鲁花赤可施于边蛮小丑,岂有臣既席王封为一方藩屏,而反立达鲁花赤以监临之,宁不见笑于诸侯之国乎!”


元朝并未也无须顾及安南的感受,只是断然拒绝,并提出极为严厉的批评:


归附逾十五年,未尝亲自来觐,数事竟未举行。



次年,即至元十三年(1276),陈日煚向元朝进贡时,提出“乞免六事”——这一请求多少有些不识时务。罢除达鲁花赤“一事”,元廷尚不能同意,更何况“六事”皆免呢?除此之外,此时元朝已经攻入南宋临安城,军事实力正盛,对待安南的态度也只会愈发强硬和严苛。


至元十四年(1277),陈日煚去世,即“陈太宗”,也是陈朝的第一任君主。安南立陈日烜为国王,是为“陈圣宗”。陈圣宗陈日烜遣使朝元,元世祖“诏切责之”,认为他未经请示自立为王,敦促其早日来朝。陈日烜几番推诿,拒绝亲身朝觐,只能退求其次,派遣族叔陈遗爱代为觐见。



忽必烈失去了对安南的耐心。既然三令五申“君长亲朝”,陈日烜累次称病,那么就立前来朝觐的陈遗爱为安南国王吧!元朝另立安南国王,陈日烜显然不答应,陈遗爱也不愿意。陈遗爱先行逃回安南,结果被陈日烜处死(一说流放)。


元朝扶植傀儡的手段失败,于是又生一计。当时正值占城(今越南中部、南部)反叛,忽必烈命令荆湖占城行省右丞唆都率军从安南借道,征伐邻国占城。这对经历过元宪宗七年借道的安南来说,无异于历史重演。陈日烜一面拒绝元朝借道的要求,一面积极准备战事。



元世祖朝三征安南


安南不肯借道,唆都只能从海路进攻占城。唆都在占城的军事行动,始终未得到安南的配合,这也是元征占城失利的原因之一。此后,一方面,元朝将在占城的失败,归咎于安南屡次拒绝元朝派兵相助和供给粮草的要求。另一方面,原本进攻占城的唆都部,从陆路撤回元朝,也必须途经安南。


至元二十一年(1284)十二月,唆都军从占城北上,忽必烈之子镇南王脱欢从湖广行省南下,对安南形成南北夹击之势。脱欢率军至洞板隘,遭遇安南军队阻击。元军将其击败,安南主将秦岑中箭身亡。随后,脱欢率军六路并进,安南兴道王陈国峻不敌,撤至万劫(今越南今北宁省万安),集结兵船千余艘与元军展开激战。陈国峻战败后,继续逃亡。安南国王陈日烜派遣军马及战船增援陈国峻,元军与之交战,再度击败了陈国峻部。陈日烜‌又沿富良江布设兵船,构筑木栅工事‌,以图阻挡元军攻势。元军成功渡过富良江,兵锋直指安南都城,陈日烜弃城而走。至元二十二年(1285)正月,元军攻入安南国都,此时陈日烜已经逃离升龙城,部分安南王族、大臣投降元朝,其中就包括了《安南志略》的作者黎崱(zè)。从占城北进的唆都部与脱欢大军成功会师。‌唆都军‌“自入其境,大小七战,取地二千余里,王宫四所”,同样取得了一系列胜利。安南军队虽然前期散败,但仍在暗中积蓄力量,暂时避免与元军进行决战。等到四月,天气逐渐炎热,元军久战力疲,安南军队开始转入反攻。镇南王脱欢败退云南,唆都战死。元世祖朝第一次征伐安南(1284—1285),安南转败为胜。安南虽然一度丢失国都,甚至有亡国之虞,最终还是击退了蒙古强敌。



忽必烈不能接受这次对安南征伐的失败,很快便开始筹划再次进攻。至元二十三年(1286),忽必烈调集湖广、江浙、江西三行省近六万人再度出征安南。安南国王陈日烜同样采取了弃守都城、分散抵抗的策略。由于元朝内部对此次南征安南多持反对意见,忽必烈很快中止了此番进攻安南的军事行动,元军迅速撤回。


然而,忽必烈对安南臣服的执念并未消散。至元二十四年、二十五年(1287—1288),忽必烈第三次组织军队征伐安南。元朝方面的最高统帅仍是此前的败军之将镇南王脱欢。脱欢的军事素养不怎么样,缺乏指挥大兵团作战和统筹全局的才能;主要将领有乌马儿、樊楫等人。元军水陆并进,与安南交战。由乌马儿率领的水军初战失利,粮船失陷,军队补给已经有所不继。元军尽管再度攻占安南都城,但这依然是安南军队诱敌深入、坚壁清野的策略。元军内部不仅粮草匮乏,而且瘟疫等疾病增多,士气不振。安南军队不断组织游击战袭击,元军不堪其扰,镇南王决定班师撤离。然而,元军撤退时,水军、步军策应失宜,进入白藤江之后,又被安南军队事先用木桩堵截河道。安南军队利用潮退伏击元军,元军伤亡惨重。这场战役被称为“白藤江之战”,以安南胜利告终。元军主帅镇南王脱欢侥幸逃回,忽必烈以其两次征伐安南“丧师辱国”,终身不许入朝觐见;水军统帅乌马儿、大将樊楫皆被安南俘获后杀害(但安南对元朝宣称,两员战将是战死或病亡)。


安南虽在第一次、第三次与元朝的战事中获胜,但毕竟综合实力悬殊,于是迅速向元朝谢罪、示好。经过数次征伐,忽必烈始终没有放弃对安南“君主亲朝”的要求;安南国王则虚与委蛇,屡次拒绝执行“六事”。至元三十年(1293),忽必烈仍有出征安南的计划,甚至已经基本完成调兵遣将、筹措粮草军需等前期准备工作。然而,次年正月,忽必烈病逝,元朝和安南之间一触即发的战争迎来转机。此后,元朝不再以“六事”要求安南,等于基本上承认了安南的独立地位。安南只需向元朝“三年一贡”,一切似乎又回到了忽必烈即位之前的状态。



忽必烈时代与安南的三次交战,整体以元朝失败而告终。元朝军事失败的原因是多维度的:元军劳师远征,后勤补给困难;安南的湿热气候和密林水道,使得蒙古骑兵的优势难以发挥;再加之主帅镇南王脱欢缺乏军事领导才能,其他高级将领也存在轻敌的心态。相对而言,安南的军事抵抗颇有策略,采用了诱敌深入、游击作战、坚壁清野等战术。


元朝征伐安南的失败,表明已经抵达帝国扩张的边界。所谓“边界”,兼有地理地缘以及政治、文化层面的意涵。安南成为元朝未能纳入版图的南疆边界,这里不仅潮湿闷热,而且极度远离元朝的政治中心。元世祖强行突破“边界”的多次尝试,耗费了帝国大量的人力、物力,最终只能退回到传统的朝贡体制。


参考文献:

1、宋濂等撰:《元史》,北京:中华书局,1976年。

2、[越]黎崱著,武尚清点校:《安南志略》,北京:中华书局,2000年。

3、韩儒林主编:《元朝史(修订本)》,北京:人民出版社,2008年。

3、苗冬:《元代使臣研究》,南开大学博士学位论文,2010年。

4、温海清:《臣服或毁灭:使臣见杀、造囚视阈下的蒙元对外政策再检讨》,《文史》2021年第3辑。

5、于磊:《元朝“六事”外交模式再探》,《史林》2023年第1期。

6、党宝海:《元代丝绸之路史论稿》,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2024年。


*本文系“国家人文历史”独家稿件,欢迎读者转发朋友圈。


END
作者 | 望涯
编辑 | 胡心雅
 主编 | 周斌
排版 | 徐沁(实习)
校对 | 张斌
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1206年,成吉思汗完成草原各部落的统一,由此逐步开启了其作为“世界征服者”的历程。



在此后的半个世纪内,蒙古帝国的军队宛如风暴,席卷欧亚大陆。成吉思汗及其子孙们,先后将高昌回鹘(1209)、西辽(1218)、西夏(1227)、花剌子模(1231)、金(1234)、基辅罗斯(1240)等政权统辖的土地、人民,悉数纳入蒙古帝国的疆域之内。


及至第四任大汗蒙哥统治时期(1251—1259),蒙古帝国继续向西、向南扩张。蒙哥派遣他的两位弟弟,旭烈兀进攻“西域素丹诸国”,忽必烈“征大理”。


此时,安南(今越南北部)尚未进入蒙古帝国的视野。


从长远来看,“征大理”是为了全面进攻南宋所做的一项军事部署。忽必烈平定大理之后,蒙、宋两国除了在长江沿线的对峙,又增辟了西南地区的战场。蒙古对南宋形成了大范围的迂回包围之势。同样重要的是,由此,蒙古与安南开始了直接接触乃至正面交锋。



蒙古的意图:假途灭虢?

 

蒙古与安南的直接接触,始于元宪宗蒙哥七年(1257),缘由还是与进攻南宋有关。


南宋无疑是蒙哥时代最为重要的军事目标。蒙哥派遣忽必烈平定大理,是攻灭南宋宏大战略的关键一步。大理平定之后,蒙古军队发现,要想从西南方向出兵南宋,需要从大理经过安南境内,进攻南宋所辖的邕州(今广西壮族自治区南宁市)、贵州(今广西壮族自治区桂林市);进而深入南宋内地,北上与荆湖战场的鄂州(今湖北省武汉市)主力会师,沿江而下,灭亡南宋政权。



换而言之,在当时的蒙哥、忽必烈等蒙古贵族看来,攻宋是第一要务,与安南的交涉只是实现长期目标的必要手段。


元宪宗七年(1257),蒙古大将兀良合台派两名使者诏谕安南。或许是蒙古使者直接亮明了“招降”的态度(《元史·兀良合台传》),抑或安南早已从邻国南宋、大理等处对强敌蒙古有了初步的认识,安南一方面扣留了两名蒙古使者,另一方面开始调集水军、步军加强边境防卫,修缮武器装备,以应对蒙古即将到来的入侵。


从安南较为强烈的反应不难推测,两名蒙古使臣可能被安南杀害。所谓“两国交战,不斩来使”,蒙古帝国对派出的使者尤为重视,早在蒙古与安南交涉之前,相当一部分的战事皆以使臣被杀为导火索。1218年,花剌子模国讹答剌(今哈萨克斯坦东南部奇姆肯特市)长官无端“杀大朝(引者按:蒙古)使命数人、商贾百数,尽有其财货”。成吉思汗大怒,但仍再次派遣使者前往花剌子模谴责其背信弃义,要求赔偿损失并且处置凶手。花剌子模国王决心一条道走到黑,又杀害了蒙古使者。成吉思汗忍无可忍,决定兴兵复仇。蒙古第一次西征,因花剌子模两次杀使而起,具有很强的偶然性。



“借道出兵”也是蒙古军队常用的战术。然而,这种战术颇有假途灭虢之嫌,绝难被其他国家所接受,实际执行起来效果较差,还大大提升了己方使臣被杀的概率。1231年,蒙古使臣搠(shuò)不罕(又译速不罕、主不罕等)奉拖雷之命,前往青野原(今陕西省汉中市)向南宋借道进攻金国。南宋方面当然不能接受借道的提议,于是设计诱杀搠不罕。此事亦成为金亡之后,蒙古进攻南宋的重要口实之一。


安南同样不接受蒙古军队借道,而且也清楚这样做的后果。果然,宪宗七年(1257)十一月,兀良合台率军向安南进发,以彻彻都为先锋,自领中军,兀良合台之子阿朮殿后。安南国王陈日煚(jiǒng)在洮江(今红河)沿岸设兵布防,甚至排列象阵以待。蒙古军队很快击破了安南防线,大败其水、陆诸军,继而攻陷安南都城升龙城(今越南河内)。国王陈日煚不得已同意归附蒙古,兀良合台遂班师返回云南。




蒙古与安南的首次交战,以蒙古一方的胜利而告终。安南承诺向蒙古派遣质子、“三年一贡”等条件,蒙古兀良合台部也实现了由安南借道,进攻广西、湖南各州县,在鄂州与蒙古主力会师进攻南宋的战略目标。


不过,唯一的意外是,蒙哥汗在钓鱼城下去世。蒙古帝国的最高权力面临着重组和洗牌。此时即便是进攻南宋(遑论安南)军国重事都需要暂时搁置。新汗忽必烈亟需解决内部纷争,然后才能着手处理安南的问题。


元朝和安南的“六事”之争

 

从忽必烈即位的中统元年(1260)开始,直到至元十五年(1278),蒙古对安南纳贡臣服的态度整体较为宽容,但也逐步开始要求安南履行“六事”的义务。



所谓“六事”,明确见于至元四年(1267)元朝向安南颁发的诏书:


太祖皇帝圣制:凡有归附之国,君长亲朝,子弟入质,编民数,出军役,输纳税赋,仍置达鲁花赤统治之。以数事以表来附之深诚也。


具体而言,“六事”是指自太祖皇帝(即成吉思汗)以来形成的、蒙古对其臣服国家所施加的六项归附要求,分别是:


一、“君长亲朝”:臣属国君主须亲自觐见蒙古大汗(元朝皇帝)。

二、“子弟入质”:臣属国君主须派遣王族子弟前往元朝充当质子。

三、“编民数”:清查户口,编制户籍册。

四、“出军役”:蒙古军队出征时,附属国须派兵应役,提供军事协助。

五、“输纳税赋”:向元朝朝贡进献。

六、“置达鲁花赤”:元朝在臣属国设置监临长官(达鲁花赤,蒙古语daruqachi音译,意为镇守官、长官)。



蒙哥汗时代,兀良合台虽然要求安南“君长亲朝”,安南自己也承诺了“子弟入质”,但实际上都不了了之,最终做到的也只有“六事”中的“输纳税赋”一项而已。至元四年(1267)的元朝诏书尽管完整地提出“六事”,但并未要求安南全部执行,主要推进的是“出军役”和“置达鲁花赤”两项。即便如此,至元十二年(1275),陈日煚上表请求元朝废除在安南设置的达鲁花赤。表文中声辩说:


“达鲁花赤可施于边蛮小丑,岂有臣既席王封为一方藩屏,而反立达鲁花赤以监临之,宁不见笑于诸侯之国乎!”


元朝并未也无须顾及安南的感受,只是断然拒绝,并提出极为严厉的批评:


归附逾十五年,未尝亲自来觐,数事竟未举行。



次年,即至元十三年(1276),陈日煚向元朝进贡时,提出“乞免六事”——这一请求多少有些不识时务。罢除达鲁花赤“一事”,元廷尚不能同意,更何况“六事”皆免呢?除此之外,此时元朝已经攻入南宋临安城,军事实力正盛,对待安南的态度也只会愈发强硬和严苛。


至元十四年(1277),陈日煚去世,即“陈太宗”,也是陈朝的第一任君主。安南立陈日烜为国王,是为“陈圣宗”。陈圣宗陈日烜遣使朝元,元世祖“诏切责之”,认为他未经请示自立为王,敦促其早日来朝。陈日烜几番推诿,拒绝亲身朝觐,只能退求其次,派遣族叔陈遗爱代为觐见。



忽必烈失去了对安南的耐心。既然三令五申“君长亲朝”,陈日烜累次称病,那么就立前来朝觐的陈遗爱为安南国王吧!元朝另立安南国王,陈日烜显然不答应,陈遗爱也不愿意。陈遗爱先行逃回安南,结果被陈日烜处死(一说流放)。


元朝扶植傀儡的手段失败,于是又生一计。当时正值占城(今越南中部、南部)反叛,忽必烈命令荆湖占城行省右丞唆都率军从安南借道,征伐邻国占城。这对经历过元宪宗七年借道的安南来说,无异于历史重演。陈日烜一面拒绝元朝借道的要求,一面积极准备战事。



元世祖朝三征安南


安南不肯借道,唆都只能从海路进攻占城。唆都在占城的军事行动,始终未得到安南的配合,这也是元征占城失利的原因之一。此后,一方面,元朝将在占城的失败,归咎于安南屡次拒绝元朝派兵相助和供给粮草的要求。另一方面,原本进攻占城的唆都部,从陆路撤回元朝,也必须途经安南。


至元二十一年(1284)十二月,唆都军从占城北上,忽必烈之子镇南王脱欢从湖广行省南下,对安南形成南北夹击之势。脱欢率军至洞板隘,遭遇安南军队阻击。元军将其击败,安南主将秦岑中箭身亡。随后,脱欢率军六路并进,安南兴道王陈国峻不敌,撤至万劫(今越南今北宁省万安),集结兵船千余艘与元军展开激战。陈国峻战败后,继续逃亡。安南国王陈日烜派遣军马及战船增援陈国峻,元军与之交战,再度击败了陈国峻部。陈日烜‌又沿富良江布设兵船,构筑木栅工事‌,以图阻挡元军攻势。元军成功渡过富良江,兵锋直指安南都城,陈日烜弃城而走。至元二十二年(1285)正月,元军攻入安南国都,此时陈日烜已经逃离升龙城,部分安南王族、大臣投降元朝,其中就包括了《安南志略》的作者黎崱(zè)。从占城北进的唆都部与脱欢大军成功会师。‌唆都军‌“自入其境,大小七战,取地二千余里,王宫四所”,同样取得了一系列胜利。安南军队虽然前期散败,但仍在暗中积蓄力量,暂时避免与元军进行决战。等到四月,天气逐渐炎热,元军久战力疲,安南军队开始转入反攻。镇南王脱欢败退云南,唆都战死。元世祖朝第一次征伐安南(1284—1285),安南转败为胜。安南虽然一度丢失国都,甚至有亡国之虞,最终还是击退了蒙古强敌。



忽必烈不能接受这次对安南征伐的失败,很快便开始筹划再次进攻。至元二十三年(1286),忽必烈调集湖广、江浙、江西三行省近六万人再度出征安南。安南国王陈日烜同样采取了弃守都城、分散抵抗的策略。由于元朝内部对此次南征安南多持反对意见,忽必烈很快中止了此番进攻安南的军事行动,元军迅速撤回。


然而,忽必烈对安南臣服的执念并未消散。至元二十四年、二十五年(1287—1288),忽必烈第三次组织军队征伐安南。元朝方面的最高统帅仍是此前的败军之将镇南王脱欢。脱欢的军事素养不怎么样,缺乏指挥大兵团作战和统筹全局的才能;主要将领有乌马儿、樊楫等人。元军水陆并进,与安南交战。由乌马儿率领的水军初战失利,粮船失陷,军队补给已经有所不继。元军尽管再度攻占安南都城,但这依然是安南军队诱敌深入、坚壁清野的策略。元军内部不仅粮草匮乏,而且瘟疫等疾病增多,士气不振。安南军队不断组织游击战袭击,元军不堪其扰,镇南王决定班师撤离。然而,元军撤退时,水军、步军策应失宜,进入白藤江之后,又被安南军队事先用木桩堵截河道。安南军队利用潮退伏击元军,元军伤亡惨重。这场战役被称为“白藤江之战”,以安南胜利告终。元军主帅镇南王脱欢侥幸逃回,忽必烈以其两次征伐安南“丧师辱国”,终身不许入朝觐见;水军统帅乌马儿、大将樊楫皆被安南俘获后杀害(但安南对元朝宣称,两员战将是战死或病亡)。


安南虽在第一次、第三次与元朝的战事中获胜,但毕竟综合实力悬殊,于是迅速向元朝谢罪、示好。经过数次征伐,忽必烈始终没有放弃对安南“君主亲朝”的要求;安南国王则虚与委蛇,屡次拒绝执行“六事”。至元三十年(1293),忽必烈仍有出征安南的计划,甚至已经基本完成调兵遣将、筹措粮草军需等前期准备工作。然而,次年正月,忽必烈病逝,元朝和安南之间一触即发的战争迎来转机。此后,元朝不再以“六事”要求安南,等于基本上承认了安南的独立地位。安南只需向元朝“三年一贡”,一切似乎又回到了忽必烈即位之前的状态。



忽必烈时代与安南的三次交战,整体以元朝失败而告终。元朝军事失败的原因是多维度的:元军劳师远征,后勤补给困难;安南的湿热气候和密林水道,使得蒙古骑兵的优势难以发挥;再加之主帅镇南王脱欢缺乏军事领导才能,其他高级将领也存在轻敌的心态。相对而言,安南的军事抵抗颇有策略,采用了诱敌深入、游击作战、坚壁清野等战术。


元朝征伐安南的失败,表明已经抵达帝国扩张的边界。所谓“边界”,兼有地理地缘以及政治、文化层面的意涵。安南成为元朝未能纳入版图的南疆边界,这里不仅潮湿闷热,而且极度远离元朝的政治中心。元世祖强行突破“边界”的多次尝试,耗费了帝国大量的人力、物力,最终只能退回到传统的朝贡体制。


参考文献:

1、宋濂等撰:《元史》,北京:中华书局,1976年。

2、[越]黎崱著,武尚清点校:《安南志略》,北京:中华书局,2000年。

3、韩儒林主编:《元朝史(修订本)》,北京:人民出版社,2008年。

3、苗冬:《元代使臣研究》,南开大学博士学位论文,2010年。

4、温海清:《臣服或毁灭:使臣见杀、造囚视阈下的蒙元对外政策再检讨》,《文史》2021年第3辑。

5、于磊:《元朝“六事”外交模式再探》,《史林》2023年第1期。

6、党宝海:《元代丝绸之路史论稿》,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2024年。


*本文系“国家人文历史”独家稿件,欢迎读者转发朋友圈。


END
作者 | 望涯
编辑 | 胡心雅
 主编 | 周斌
排版 | 徐沁(实习)
校对 | 张斌
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点击下方封面,即可购买



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“在看”的永远18岁~

\n \n\n \n
\n\n \n 文章原文\n
\n \n\n \n\n \"\"
", - "category": "", - "link": "http://weixin.sogou.com/weixin?type=2&query=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2+%E6%89%80%E5%90%91%E6%8A%AB%E9%9D%A1%E7%9A%84%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E9%93%81%E9%AA%91%E4%B8%BA%E4%BD%95%E5%9C%A8%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E6%A0%BD%E4%BA%86%E8%B7%9F%E5%A4%B4%EF%BC%9F", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Mon, 11 Aug 2025 20:13:00 +0800", + "title": "约时间助理 – 时间管理大师!为多人集体活动找到共同空闲时间[微信小程序]", + "description": "约时间助理是一款微信小程序,活动组织者只需要在微信群中转发自己创建的活动,就能快速选出大家共同的空闲时间。@Appinn 来自发现频道,开发者 @tupulin 自荐:https://meta.app ", + "content": "\n

约时间助理是一款微信小程序,活动组织者只需要在微信群中转发自己创建的活动,就能快速选出大家共同的空闲时间。@Appinn

\n\n\n\n
\"约时间助理
\n\n\n\n

来自发现频道,开发者 @tupulin 自荐:https://meta.appinn.net/t/topic/73038

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约时间助理|一款免费的多人时间协调小程序,快速找到集体活动的共同空闲时间

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约时间助理是一个时间协调工具,能快速统计多人空闲时间,选出最佳活动时间。

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【解决的问题】

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一个活动在组织的时候,确定一个大家都有空的时间往往是最麻烦的一步。人数较少时还可以靠微信沟通来解决;一旦人数大于 10,靠记忆来挑选活动时间就不合适了。

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【如何解决】

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约时间助理允许活动组织者框定一个 活动可以发生的范围 和 结果精度(日期 或 时间段),随后将活动卡片分享到微信群里进行信息搜集。系统会根据搜集的信息生成结果:一个人数从多到少的时间段排行;一个可视化的日历或时间表。

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【为什么开发】

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在校期间 When2Meet 能很好地解决上述需求。但随着接触人群变广,其易用性并不是所有人都能够接受。于是我基于最适合此类场景的平台——微信小程序,做了一款功能类似,但更加本地化的小程序。即点即用、无需登录,还添加了更多的权限控制。

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实测

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青小蛙用这个小程序测试了一下虚拟爬山,挑选了未来两周的周末::

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\"约时间助理
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实际上就是观察一大群人,哪天最合适的意思:

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\"约时间助理
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从结果来看,17号与23号能参与的人数最多,那么把活动计划刀这两天,就会得到最大的响应…吧。

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不过毕竟就是点一点,人家随便点的也不一定呢 \"🐶\"

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而好久没出现的 @VIctoryRoad 同学说:很不错的小程序,之前当社团负责人的时候就一直希望找一个这种软件。

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这就是精确到具体时段功能了:

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\"约时间助理
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但是,青小蛙觉得啊…

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群里喊一嗓子会不会效果更佳?

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可以直接从微信搜索:约时间助理 进入。

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原文:https://www.appinn.com/yueshijian-assistant/

\n

[ 点击前往获取链接 ]


", + "category": "在线应用", + "link": "https://www.appinn.com/yueshijian-assistant/", + "creator": "青小蛙", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 08:32:55 +0000", "enclosure": "", "enclosureType": "", "image": "", "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "人文", - "feed": "国家人文历史", + "language": "zh", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "小众软件", "read": false, "favorite": false, "created": false, "tags": [], - "hash": "cc05dd303f99b28b400c1b4203745a87", + "hash": "9e83b839089d16e4faca40028b2c4e79", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "CanaryToken – 29 种蜜罐陷阱!同事偷看我文件后,他的IP就自动’投案’到我邮箱了", + "description": "CanaryToken 是一个非常有趣的服务,它提供了 29 种常见的蜜罐陷阱,包括 Windows 文件夹、运行指定程序、打开 PDF 文档、Word/Excel 文件、图片、二维码,以及网络蜜罐: ", + "content": "\n

CanaryToken 是一个非常有趣的服务,它提供了 29 种常见的蜜罐陷阱,包括 Windows 文件夹、运行指定程序、打开 PDF 文档、Word/Excel 文件、图片、二维码,以及网络蜜罐:MySQL、邮箱、AWS 证书、Log4shell 等,只要有人使用了这些陷阱,你就会收到通知,支持邮件与 WebHook。@Appinn

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\"CanaryToken
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来自发现频道,@艾尔赛高 同学的推荐:https://meta.appinn.net/t/topic/73994

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偶然发现的一个有趣服务。提前生成无害的蜜罐密钥,放在容易被攻击者接触的位置(例如 ~/.aws/credentials ),如果被攻击/泄露了,当攻击者尝试使用密钥的时候,会受到通知(可选邮件/webhook)

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示例场景:

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一个例子:监控 Windows 文件夹

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在 CanaryToken 官网找到 Windows Folder,打开后输入邮箱、说明(用来让你区分哪个文件夹的,比如输入:我的小姐姐的家),以及可选设置 Webhook 通知:

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\"CanaryToken
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然后点击下方的 Create Canarytoken 按钮,从新的页面下载 zip 文件:

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\"CanaryToken
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注意由于系统限制,这个蜜罐仅支持 Windows 10 以下版本。

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在这个 zip 文件夹中,有一个 desktop.ini 文件,复制到你要监控的文件夹里就行了。

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desktop.ini 内容很简,打开就能触发里面的 URL 的意思:

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\n[.ShellClassInfo]\nIconResource=\\\\%USERNAME%.%COMPUTERNAME%.%USERDOMAIN%.INI.xxxxxxxx.canarytokens.com\\resource.dll\n
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就好了。一旦有人打开了你的文件夹,就会收到邮件,包括时间、IP地址、描述:

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\"CanaryToken
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而从邮件点进去还能看到历史记录、删除警报灯功能。

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总之,给青小蛙一种:这是我能用的吗?的强烈感觉。

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快去玩玩吧 😂

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CanaryToken 的29 种蜜罐陷阱

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CanaryToken 能设置的蜜罐一共 29 种,非常丰富,你总能用到

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蜜罐名称 (英文)简要说明
Web bug攻击者访问特定URL时发送告警
DNS攻击者解析特定DNS名称时告警
Credit Card攻击者尝试使用你的信用卡信息时告警
QR code攻击者扫描你的二维码时触发告警
MySQL攻击者加载你的MySQL数据库转储文件时告警
AWS keys攻击者使用伪造的AWS API密钥时告警
Fake App攻击者运行伪造应用程序时发送告警
Log4shell当检测到Log4j漏洞(CVE-2021-44228)日志时告警
Fast redirect当攻击者访问URL时快速重定向并告警
Slow redirect当攻击者访问URL时慢速重定向并收集更多信息
Sensitive command当检测到可疑Windows命令执行时告警
Windows Fake File System伪造文件系统中访问文件时触发告警
Web image上传的图片被查看时触发告警
Azure login certificateAzure服务主身份登录时触发告警
Microsoft Excel伪造的Excel文档被打开时告警
Microsoft Word伪造的Word文档被打开时告警
SVN访问SVN仓库时触发告警
Unique email address发送邮件到该唯一邮箱地址时触发告警
Microsoft SQL Server访问MS SQL数据库时触发告警
Custom EXE / binary执行伪造EXE或DLL文件时触发告警
Acrobat Reader PDF伪造的PDF文档被打开时告警
Windows Folder在Windows资源管理器中浏览伪造文件夹时触发告警
JS cloned website通过JavaScript检测网站被克隆时触发告警
CSS cloned website通过CSS监测网站克隆时触发告警
Kubeconfig使用你的Kubernetes配置时触发告警
WireGuard VPN使用你的WireGuard VPN客户端配置时触发告警
Azure Entra ID login钓鱼Azure Entra ID登录时触发告警
Network Folder访问映射的WebDAV网络文件夹时触发告警
SAML IdP App从身份提供者仪表板打开伪造应用时触发告警
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原文:https://www.appinn.com/canarytoken/

\n

[ 点击前往获取链接 ]


", + "category": "在线应用", + "link": "https://www.appinn.com/canarytoken/", + "creator": "青小蛙", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:35:00 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "zh", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "小众软件", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "ee965a7785f1e7742cd4d09e7a1486ec", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "frp v0.64.0 更新:开源内网穿透工具,最简洁教程", + "description": "frp 是一款跨平台的内网穿透工具,支持 Windows、macOS 与 Linux,它需要你有一台拥有固定公网 IP 的电脑,VPS 最好,然后就能愉快的进行内网穿透了。还支持 https,甚至可以 ", + "content": "\n

frp 是一款跨平台的内网穿透工具,支持 Windows、macOS 与 Linux,它需要你有一台拥有固定公网 IP 的电脑,VPS 最好,然后就能愉快的进行内网穿透了。还支持 https,甚至可以用它进行小程序开发。@Appinn

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v0.64.0 新增 tokenSource 支持

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2025年8月10日,frp v0.64.0 更新1个主要功能:

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此外,v0.64.0 还修复了 SSH 隧道网关错误绑定地址的问题,提升了连接的稳定性和可用性。

\n\n\n
\n
\"frp
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网络的本地本来是应该互联互通的,但各种各样的原因会导致互联互不通。于是就需要造轮子解决它,frp 就是这样一个轮子,开源、免费、简单易用。

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当然,免费意味着你需要自备一款拥有固定公网 IP 的电脑/VPS 作为中转节点。这台电脑可以是拥有固定公网 IP 的任意电脑,也可以自配一台 VPS,青小蛙依旧推荐 Vultr 的机器,便宜好用,控制面板简单。

\n\n\n\n
\n

另外通过青小蛙的推荐链接注册(👈有返利),还送 50 刀体验金,仅限新用户。Vultr 推荐美国、德国的机器。如果不嫌麻烦,也可以试试 阿里云 的机器,优点肯定是连接响应速度快了,但带宽略小。

\n
\n\n\n\n

这里假设你已经有一台 VPS 了,只需要跟着步骤走即可:

\n\n\n\n

设置 frp 服务器

\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. 根据系统下载程序,并解压缩
  2. \n\n\n\n
  3. 将 frps 及 frps.toml 放到具有公网 IP 的机器上
  4. \n\n\n\n
  5. 创建 token 文件,内容就是你的密钥
  6. \n
\n\n\n\n

青小蛙目前所用的 frps.toml 文件内容:

\n\n\n
\nbindPort = 1723\n\nauth.tokenSource.type = "file"\nauth.tokenSource.file.path = "/etc/frp/token"\n\nwebServer.addr = "0.0.0.0"\nwebServer.port = 7500\nwebServer.user = "用户名"\nwebServer.password = "密码"\n\nallowPorts = [\n  { start = 7001, end = 7010 }\n]\n
\n\n\n

最后一行是青小蛙打开了 7001~7010 几个端口。

\n\n\n\n

新建 /etc/frp/token 文件,内容直接添加你自定义的密钥即可,你可以把它理解为 frp 之间互相联系的口令。

\n\n\n\n

运行:

\n\n\n
\n./frps -c ./frps.toml\n
\n\n\n

另外,针对 Linux 用户,这里有一个后台运行服务可以参考。以上为 Linux 系统的执行命令,如果是 Windows 系统:

\n\n\n
\nc:\\Tools\\frp\\frps.exe -c c:\\Tools\\frp\\frps.toml\n
\n\n\n

假设 frps 解压缩到了 c:\\Tools\\frp\\ 文件夹。

\n\n\n\n

以及,请让防火墙通过 7000 端口,以及 7001、7002 端口。

\n\n\n\n

设置 frp 客户端

\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. 根据系统下载程序
  2. \n\n\n\n
  3. 将 frpc 及 frpc.toml 放到处于内网环境的机器上。
  4. \n
\n\n\n\n

这里以 Windows 远程桌面、群晖管理界面为例,修改 frpc.toml 配置文件:

\n\n\n
\nserverAddr = 服务器公网 IP\nserverPort = 1723\n\nauth.tokenSource.type = "file"\nauth.tokenSource.file.path = "C:\\Tools\\frp\\token"\n\n[RDP]\ntype = tcp\nlocal_ip = 127.0.0.1\nlocal_port = 3389\nremote_port = 7001\n \n[DSM]\ntype = tcp\nlocal_ip = 群晖在局域网中的 IP 地址\nlocal_port = 5000\nremote_port = 7002\n
\n\n\n

别忘记创建 token 文件,内容和之前服务器上的内容相同。另外 remote_port 中的端口需要在服务器中打开(allowPorts 字段)

\n\n\n\n

然后,启动 Windows 命令提示符,运行:

\n\n\n
\nc:\\Tools\\frp\\frpc.exe -c c:\\Tools\\frp\\frpc.toml\n
\n\n\n

这里假设你的 frp 解压缩到了 C:\\Tools\\frp\\ 文件夹下。

\n\n\n
\n
\"frp
\n\n\n

如果看到两行 start proxy success 就代表成功了。

\n\n\n\n

远程访问

\n\n\n\n

此时,就可以在外网访问网内资源了。

\n\n\n\n

比如远程桌面,只需要打开微软的远程桌面客户端,然后使用 公网IP:7001 即可连接。

\n\n\n\n

比如群晖,只需要打开浏览器,在地址栏输入 公网IP:7002 即可访问 DSM 的管理界面。

\n\n\n\n

其它配置

\n\n\n\n

frp 官网提供了非常详尽的说明书,包括转发 ssh、http、https、转发 Unix 域套接字等等,都可以配置使用。

\n\n\n\n

但,其实对于初学者来说,还是有点费劲的。

\n\n\n\n

更多示例

\n\n\n\n

青小蛙开了一个帖子,准备连载一些 frp 的示例,以及如果在 Windows 下以系统服务运行 frp 等等一些内容。感兴趣的同学可以前往参考、讨论、分享。

\n\n\n\n

目前有两个示例:

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

没错,你遇到了坑,也欢迎分享下来,尤其错误代码,大家一起解决。

\n\n\n\n

\n

[ 点击前往获取链接 ]


", + "category": "macOS", + "link": "https://www.appinn.com/frp/", + "creator": "青小蛙", + "pubDate": "Thu, 14 Aug 2025 12:47:28 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "zh", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "小众软件", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "90fd3b53fa7ecaab6b1d7ec799496f32", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "Perplexity 正式提出 345 亿美元要约,收购 Google Chrome", + "description": "来自 theverge 的消息,据 《华尔街日报》 和彭博社报道,人工智能搜索公司 Perplexity 已于周二上午向 Alphabet Inc. 旗下谷歌发出了收购要约,用 345 亿美元收购 G ", + "content": "\n

来自 theverge 的消息,据 《华尔街日报》 和彭博社报道,人工智能搜索公司 Perplexity 已于周二上午向 Alphabet Inc. 旗下谷歌发出了收购要约,用 345 亿美元收购 Google Chrome。值得注意的是,这一出价远高于 Perplexity 自身 180 亿美元的估值。@Appinn

\n\n\n\n
\"Perplexity
\n\n\n\n

Perplexity 是谁

\n\n\n\n

Perplexity 是一家“套壳” AI 服务提供商,提供了包括 Claude Sonnet 4.0、GPT-5、Gemini 2.5 Pro 大模型,以及 Claude Opus 4.1、Grok 4、GPT-o3/pro 等推理模型,曾经还托管过 DeepSeek-R1 模型。经常赠送年度账号。

\n\n\n\n

Google Chrome 大家都很熟悉了。有趣的是,在去年的时候,Perplexity 就说过:如果政府强迫谷歌出售其浏览器, 它将收购 Chrome。

\n\n\n\n

另外,Perplexity 还说过要收购 TikTok…

\n\n\n\n

Perplexity 发言人 Jesse Dwyer 向 The Verge 证实,《 华尔街日报 》的报道属实。

\n\n\n\n

另外,Perplexity 首席商务官 Dmitry Shevelenko 向彭博社表示,“多家大型投资基金已同意全额资助此次交易。” 该初创公司的一位发言人还向彭博社表示,如果谷歌接受这笔交易,Perplexity 将在未来两年内向 Chrome 和 Chromium 投资超过 30 亿美元。

\n\n\n\n

最后

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

原文:https://www.appinn.com/perplexity-345b-acquire-google-chrome/

\n\n\n\n
\n

关注我们

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

爱发电:https://afdian.com/a/qingxwa (打赏我们,让我们更好的创作)

\n
\n

[ 点击前往获取链接 ]


", + "category": "业界消息", + "link": "https://www.appinn.com/perplexity-345b-acquire-google-chrome/", + "creator": "青小蛙", + "pubDate": "Wed, 13 Aug 2025 06:42:33 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "zh", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "小众软件", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "24e3f847e0434577daa40e192393020d", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "Syncthing 2 正式发布:一款开源跨平台文件同步工具", + "description": "Syncthing 是一款跨平台的开源文件同步工具,可以在两台或多台计算机之间实时同步文件。在经历了25个RC版本之后,正式发布了 Syncthing 2 的第一个版本,并提到:这是新2.0系列的首次 ", + "content": "\n

Syncthing 是一款跨平台的开源文件同步工具,可以在两台或多台计算机之间实时同步文件。在经历了25个RC版本之后,正式发布了 Syncthing 2 的第一个版本,并提到:这是新2.0系列的首次发布,可能还存在一些不足,敬请包容,并保持探索的心态!\"🙏\"

\n\n\n\n
\"Syncthing
\n\n\n\n

Syncthing 2 的主要变化为数据库后端从 LevelDB 切换到 SQLite。并且确认 Syncthing 1.x 版本很快将被 Syncthing 2.x 版本取代,版本 2 带来了新的数据库格式和各种清理功能,但协议仍然与 Syncthing 1 兼容。

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Syncthing 2 的重要变化

\n\n\n\n

数据库后端切换

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

删除项自动清理

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

命令行参数现代化

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

取消滚动哈希检测

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

首次启动不再自动创建“默认文件夹”

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

多连接默认启用

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Syncthing 2 的跨平台多设备同步

\n\n\n\n

Syncthing 2 目前官方提供 Windows、macOS、Linux 客户端进行同步,有一个第三方的安卓客户端,无官方客户端。iOS 无客户端。

\n\n\n\n

青小蛙也一直在用,但还没敢升级,等等再说。

\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

原文:https://www.appinn.com/syncthing2/

\n\n\n\n
\n

关注我们

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

爱发电:https://afdian.com/a/qingxwa (打赏我们,让我们更好的创作)

\n
\n

[ 点击前往获取链接 ]


", + "category": "业界消息", + "link": "https://www.appinn.com/syncthing2/", + "creator": "青小蛙", + "pubDate": "Wed, 13 Aug 2025 04:37:22 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "zh", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "小众软件", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "dac040d277b6045cd6457060c80a681e", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "阿里小号又不停止服务了:当前阶段可继续使用,不能续费", + "description": "半个月前,阿里通信官网确认:阿里小号将于2025年8月31日起陆续停止服务,当时所有的阿里小号用户被闹的人心惶惶,又是无力又是解绑各种服务更换手机号码。今天在阿里小号 App 中出现了新的公告:暂停执 ", + "content": "\n

半个月前,阿里通信官网确认:阿里小号将于2025年8月31日起陆续停止服务,当时所有的阿里小号用户被闹的人心惶惶,又是无力又是解绑各种服务更换手机号码。今天在阿里小号 App 中出现了新的公告:暂停执行原业务调整计划,确保用户在当前阶段除续费外,能够继续正常使用阿里小号服务。@Appinn

\n\n\n\n
\"阿里小号又不停止服务了:当前阶段可继续使用,不能续费
\n\n\n\n

感谢今天早上有同学过来说:

\n\n\n\n
\"阿里小号又不停止服务了:当前阶段可继续使用,不能续费
\n\n\n\n

核心内容

\n\n\n\n

「确保用户在当前阶段除续费外,能够继续正常使用“阿里小号”服务。」

\n\n\n\n

从这几句关键描述的字面意思来看,就是你在当前阶段能继续使用,然后不给续费了。但是这个当前阶段并没有明确的时间,是不是可以猜一下…能用到有效期截止?

\n\n\n\n

之前续费到2049年的同学,你们别哭了,青小蛙才能用到2028年…

\n\n\n\n
\"阿里小号又不停止服务了:当前阶段可继续使用,不能续费
\n\n\n\n
\"阿里小号又不停止服务了:当前阶段可继续使用,不能续费
\n\n\n\n
\"阿里小号又不停止服务了:当前阶段可继续使用,不能续费
\n\n\n\n

这位 2049 年的同学,你快进来大笑三声!

\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

原文:https://www.appinn.com/ali-xiaohao-continue-2025/

\n\n\n\n

这个公告是这样的:

\n\n\n\n

关于“阿里小号”业务调整的最新公告

\n\n\n\n
\"阿里小号又不停止服务了:当前阶段可继续使用,不能续费
\n\n\n\n

尊敬的用户:

\n\n\n\n

自2025年7月29日我司发布“阿里小号”业务调整公告以来,我们高度重视用户关于服务停用后问题的反馈与咨询,并持续积极与运营商及相关方沟通协调,以优化停服后的解决方案(“优化方案”)。

\n\n\n\n

为切实保障用户的权益,充分考虑服务停用可能带来的不便,经审慎评估,我司决定在优化方案正式公布前,暂停执行原业务调整计划,确保用户在当前阶段除续费外,能够继续正常使用

\n\n\n\n

“阿里小号”服务。

\n\n\n\n

后续,我们将通过官方网站、App等渠道第一时间同步最新进展,并另行通知具体业务下线安排。请用户关注更新公告,以获取最新信息。

\n\n\n\n

对于此次调整给您带来的困扰,我们深表歉意。如您有任何疑问,欢迎拨打官方客服热线10029,我们将竭诚为您服务。

\n\n\n\n

感谢您的理解与支持。

\n

[ 点击前往获取链接 ]


", + "category": "业界消息", + "link": "https://www.appinn.com/ali-xiaohao-continue-2025/", + "creator": "青小蛙", + "pubDate": "Wed, 13 Aug 2025 03:33:16 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "zh", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "小众软件", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "594f60cdeefbd11e567dcdb63acaaad6", "highlights": [] }, { @@ -1572,50 +1880,6 @@ "image": null, "description": "People's Daily Online", "items": [ - { - "title": "Syncthing 2 正式发布:一款开源跨平台文件同步工具", - "description": "Syncthing 是一款跨平台的开源文件同步工具,可以在两台或多台计算机之间实时同步文件。在经历了25个RC版本之后,正式发布了 Syncthing 2 的第一个版本,并提到:这是新2.0系列的首次 ", - "content": "\n

Syncthing 是一款跨平台的开源文件同步工具,可以在两台或多台计算机之间实时同步文件。在经历了25个RC版本之后,正式发布了 Syncthing 2 的第一个版本,并提到:这是新2.0系列的首次发布,可能还存在一些不足,敬请包容,并保持探索的心态!\"🙏\"

\n\n\n\n
\"Syncthing
\n\n\n\n

Syncthing 2 的主要变化为数据库后端从 LevelDB 切换到 SQLite。并且确认 Syncthing 1.x 版本很快将被 Syncthing 2.x 版本取代,版本 2 带来了新的数据库格式和各种清理功能,但协议仍然与 Syncthing 1 兼容。

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Syncthing 2 的重要变化

\n\n\n\n

数据库后端切换

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

删除项自动清理

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

命令行参数现代化

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

取消滚动哈希检测

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

首次启动不再自动创建“默认文件夹”

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

多连接默认启用

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Syncthing 2 的跨平台多设备同步

\n\n\n\n

Syncthing 2 目前官方提供 Windows、macOS、Linux 客户端进行同步,有一个第三方的安卓客户端,无官方客户端。iOS 无客户端。

\n\n\n\n

青小蛙也一直在用,但还没敢升级,等等再说。

\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

原文:https://www.appinn.com/syncthing2/

\n\n\n\n
\n

关注我们

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

爱发电:https://afdian.com/a/qingxwa (打赏我们,让我们更好的创作)

\n
\n

[ 点击前往获取链接 ]


", - "category": "业界消息", - "link": "https://www.appinn.com/syncthing2/", - "creator": "青小蛙", - "pubDate": "Wed, 13 Aug 2025 04:37:22 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "zh", - "folder": "资讯", - "feed": "小众软件", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "dac040d277b6045cd6457060c80a681e", - "highlights": [] - }, - { - "title": "RackNerd 最新优惠 10.96刀/年,高性价比(廉价)VPS 提供商|DC-03 机房补货,支持支付宝[250811]", - "description": "RackNerd 是一家高性价比(廉价)VPS 提供商,前几日发来邮件说已经针对各机房进行补货,包括受欢迎的洛杉矶 DC-03 机房和都柏林机房,并提供了比黑五硬盘更大、价格更便宜的优惠套餐。@App ", - "content": "\n

RackNerd 是一家高性价比(廉价)VPS 提供商,前几日发来邮件说已经针对各机房进行补货,包括受欢迎的洛杉矶 DC-03 机房和都柏林机房,并提供了比黑五硬盘更大、价格更便宜的优惠套餐。@Appinn

\n\n\n\n
\"RackNerd
\n\n\n\n

20250811 补货

\n\n\n\n

刚刚收到 RackNerd 的邮件,DC-03 新上了 40 台新机器,目前已经可以购买。

\n\n\n\n

在哪买?

\n\n\n\n

支持支付宝,1个 IPv4 地址、1Gb 带宽、完整 root 权限:

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

硬盘大小也高于上次黑五套餐。

\n\n\n
\n
\"RackNerd
\n\n\n

机房可选:Los Angeles DC-03, Dublin, San Jose 以及 Seattle, Dallas, Chicago, New York。

\n\n\n\n

按需选择吧,你要问我选哪个,其实自用区别不大,也都支持支付宝,流量都非常充足,用不完的。网速方面,都是 1G 带宽,选美国西海岸的。

\n\n\n\n

测速 && 测速文件

\n\n\n\n

测速页面:https://lg-lax03.racknerd.com

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

原文:https://www.appinn.com/racknerd-cheap-vps-latest-deals/

\n

[ 点击前往获取链接 ]


", - "category": "团购", - "link": "https://www.appinn.com/racknerd-cheap-vps-latest-deals/", - "creator": "青小蛙", - "pubDate": "Mon, 11 Aug 2025 06:54:03 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "zh", - "folder": "资讯", - "feed": "小众软件", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "556ff53fd8e089d31335128f64b79094", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "China urges U.S. to abandon excessive use of national security concept", "description": "

BEIJING, June 5 (Xinhua) -- China has urged the United States to abandon its generalized and excessive use of the national security concept, and to collaborate with all parties in maintaining a rules-based multilateral trading system, the Ministry of Commerce said on Thursday.

At a regular press conference, He Yongqian, spokesperson for the ministry, made the remarks when asked to comment on the U.S. decision to raise tariffs on imported steel, aluminium and their derivative products from 25 percent to 50 percent.

He said that such U.S. moves not only harm others and itself, but also will severely disrupt the stability of global industrial and supply chains.

The United States should abandon the zero-sum mentality, address respective concerns through equal dialogue, and jointly maintain the stability of global industrial and supply chains, He said.

Source: Xinhua

", @@ -1725,6 +1989,28 @@ "tags": [], "hash": "70391c560d13fa2ded36785145ef6474", "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "RackNerd 最新优惠 10.96刀/年,高性价比(廉价)VPS 提供商|DC-03 机房补货,支持支付宝[250811]", + "description": "RackNerd 是一家高性价比(廉价)VPS 提供商,前几日发来邮件说已经针对各机房进行补货,包括受欢迎的洛杉矶 DC-03 机房和都柏林机房,并提供了比黑五硬盘更大、价格更便宜的优惠套餐。@App ", + "content": "\n

RackNerd 是一家高性价比(廉价)VPS 提供商,前几日发来邮件说已经针对各机房进行补货,包括受欢迎的洛杉矶 DC-03 机房和都柏林机房,并提供了比黑五硬盘更大、价格更便宜的优惠套餐。@Appinn

\n\n\n\n
\"RackNerd
\n\n\n\n

20250811 补货

\n\n\n\n

刚刚收到 RackNerd 的邮件,DC-03 新上了 40 台新机器,目前已经可以购买。

\n\n\n\n

在哪买?

\n\n\n\n

支持支付宝,1个 IPv4 地址、1Gb 带宽、完整 root 权限:

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

硬盘大小也高于上次黑五套餐。

\n\n\n
\n
\"RackNerd
\n\n\n

机房可选:Los Angeles DC-03, Dublin, San Jose 以及 Seattle, Dallas, Chicago, New York。

\n\n\n\n

按需选择吧,你要问我选哪个,其实自用区别不大,也都支持支付宝,流量都非常充足,用不完的。网速方面,都是 1G 带宽,选美国西海岸的。

\n\n\n\n

测速 && 测速文件

\n\n\n\n

测速页面:https://lg-lax03.racknerd.com

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

原文:https://www.appinn.com/racknerd-cheap-vps-latest-deals/

\n

[ 点击前往获取链接 ]


", + "category": "团购", + "link": "https://www.appinn.com/racknerd-cheap-vps-latest-deals/", + "creator": "青小蛙", + "pubDate": "Mon, 11 Aug 2025 06:54:03 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "zh", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "小众软件", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "556ff53fd8e089d31335128f64b79094", + "highlights": [] } ], "folder": "资讯", @@ -1740,25 +2026,443 @@ "description": "知乎日报全文RSS。获取更多全文RSS:https://feedx.net", "items": [ { - "title": "Chinese VP to attend UN Ocean Conference in France, visit Spain", - "description": "

BEIJING, June 5 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice President Han Zheng will attend the UN Ocean Conference in Nice, France and visit Spain upon invitation from June 7 to 13, a Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson announced on Thursday.

Source: Xinhua

", - "content": "

BEIJING, June 5 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice President Han Zheng will attend the UN Ocean Conference in Nice, France and visit Spain upon invitation from June 7 to 13, a Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson announced on Thursday.

Source: Xinhua

", + "title": "植物是否算一种运动极其缓慢的触手怪?", + "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n

当然可以了,甚至可以说一些植物的恐怖程度不亚于触手怪(对它们的寄主或食物来说)。

\n

首先是一些触手状的寄生植物,这里拿菟丝子来举例。

\n
\"\"
菟丝子 Cuscuta chinensis 图源 PPBC
\n

寄生植物 --- 菟丝子

\n

菟丝子可以说是行为最接近触手怪的植物之一了。

\n
\"\"
菟丝子种子 图源 PPBC
\n

它没有真正的根,也没有功能性叶片或叶绿素,没办法通过光合作用给自己制造养分。所以,它必须在储存的能量完全耗尽前(通常只有几天到一周多的时间)找到合适的寄主植物。

\n

菟丝子的小苗并不是盲目生长,它能感知周围环境中寄主植物释放的化学信号(比如黄酮类),这个能力可以让它轻易找到附近的潜在寄主方向,然后向那个方向生长。

\n

一旦接触到寄主植物的茎、叶等部位,它那柔韧细长的茎会迅速缠绕上去(并非迅速),像蛇一样一圈圈地缠绕寄主。这个过程是物理性的固定,防止因为各种原因从宿主身上掉落下来。

\n
\"\"
菟丝子 缠绕在寄主上 图源 PPBC
\n

然后,在与寄主紧密接触的部位,茎皮层细胞会分化形成特殊的吸器。这是它特化的寄生器官,可以刺入寄主植物内部的维管束系统来吸取养分。维管束系统是植物用来运输水和养分的系统,相当于动物的血管,菟丝子这样的行为就好像那些趴着动物身上吸血的虫子一样。

\n
\"\"
菟丝子 缠绕在寄主上 图源 PPBC
\n

但比吸血的虫子更可怕的是,一旦成功建立一个吸器连接点,菟丝子获取了养分,就可以疯狂的生长,不断伸长、分枝,最后形成一张看着像金丝编成的大网,所以它也有了金丝藤的俗称。

\n
\"\"
成网的菟丝子 图源 PPBC
\n

它会向向四周蔓延,寻找并缠绕寄主植物的更多部位甚至邻近的其他植株。在每一个新的接触点上,它都会重复形成吸器、建立连接、疯狂掠夺的过程。

\n

最后的结果是,寄主植物被大量缠绕覆盖,自身制造的营养被大量窃取。这会让寄主逐渐生长受阻,叶片发黄萎蔫,直至整株死亡。而菟丝子则依靠掠夺来的资源,开花、结果,然后继续下一轮的生命历程。

\n
\"\"
成片的菟丝子 图源 PPBC
\n

菟丝子对农业的危害非常之大,因为它的主要寄主是豆科植物。

\n

俗称“豆阎王”。

\n

菟丝子 旋花科菟丝子属植物的统称

\n

也可以单指菟丝子 Cuscuta chinensis

\n
\n

介绍完了寄生植物,再讲一讲行为上同样很像触手的一些食虫植物,茅膏菜可以说是里面的代表。

\n

食虫植物 --- 茅膏菜

\n

茅膏菜,看起来像是叶片上点缀着露珠的娇弱小草,但这正是它精心布置的陷阱。而那些“露珠”,实际上是它叶片上腺毛尖端分泌的粘液。

\n
\"\"
好望角茅膏菜 Drosera capensis 图源 PPBC
\n

这些液珠在阳光下闪闪发亮,有些种类还可以散发出类似花蜜的香气,对一些昆虫有着致命的吸引力。

\n

等到有昆虫落在叶片上接触到这些粘液时,马上就会被牢牢粘住,就像掉在了粘蝇板上一样。这时候昆虫的挣扎往往是徒劳的,只会让更多的粘液覆盖全身。

\n

感受到猎物的挣扎(茅膏菜仅对持续压力敏感,像雨水之类的刺激不会激活),接触点周围的腺毛向猎物弯曲靠拢,将猎物包裹。

\n

一旦猎物被完全控制住,腺毛除了分泌粘液,还会分泌多种消化酶。这些消化酶会分解猎物,将其转化为氮磷等营养素供茅膏菜吸收。氮和磷在贫瘠土壤中是难以获取的资源,也正是食虫植物演化出这种习性的最重要的原因。

\n
\"\"
长柱茅膏菜 Drosera oblanceolata
\n

茅膏菜 茅膏菜科茅膏菜属植物的统称

\n

顺带一提,同为食虫植物的捕蝇草属和貉藻属也在这个科

\n
\n

说完了食虫植物,再让我们来看看另一类有特殊习性的植物:绞杀植物。

\n

绞杀植物 --- 绞杀榕

\n

绞杀榕并非一种植物,而是一类有绞杀习性的榕属植物的统称。

\n
\"\"
垂叶榕 Ficus benjamina 图源 PPBC
\n

鸟类或哺乳动物在食用了它的果实后,有机会将种子排泄在宿主树的树冠或树皮缝隙中。种子在湿润环境中萌芽,初期依赖宿主树表的腐殖质和雨水生长,形成幼苗。

\n

幼苗向上生长的同时,向下延伸出多条细长的气生根。这些气生根顺着宿主树干缓慢的向下生长。等到接触地面,扎入土壤,它们就能开始正常吸收水分和矿物质。

\n

气生根不断增粗并分枝,互相交织覆盖宿主树皮,此时榕树进入半附生阶段。随着气生根持续加粗,网开始不断收紧,宿主树干被压迫,阻碍了维管系统对水分和养料的运输。同时,榕树通过庞大根系抢夺宿主树的水分和营养,树冠扩张也遮挡了阳光,抑制了宿主树的光合作用,最终导致宿主树死亡。

\n

宿主树在绞杀下枯死腐烂,绞杀榕的气生根则融合成一个坚固的树干状结构,支撑自身树冠。此时,绞杀榕完全独立,形成一棵新树,继续生长和繁殖。

\n
\"\"
斜叶榕 Ficus tinctoria subsp. gibbosa 图源 PPBC
\n

绞杀榕 桑科榕属内有绞杀习性榕树的统称

\n
\n

植物并非像很多人想象的那么和善,为了生存,它们可以把自己变成“触手怪”。

\n

但不得不说,它们的策略非常成功,也在各自的生境下抢到了一席之地。

\n

在自然中,适者生存才是最大的法则。

\n
主要参考文献:
胡飞,孔垂华. 寄生植物对寄主植物的化学识别. 华南农业大学热带亚热带生态研究所 广州. 生态学报. 第 23 卷 第 5 期 2003 年 5 月.
陈莹, 兰芳, 刘金平, 等. 日本菟丝子对园林植物危害度及适应性生长的研究[J]. 四川林业科技, 2023, 44(1): 32−39. doi:10.12172/202203070001.
李春华,李柯澄. 茅膏菜属植物繁殖与栽培[J]. 中国花卉园艺,2019(24):20-23.
周亮,黄自云,黄建平. 热带植物垂叶榕的绞杀现象[J]. 园林,2012(6):68-69. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0283.2012.06.022.
次要参考文献就不列了,反正大部分也就看了个摘要。
\n

为避免版权纠纷问题,图片全部来源于 PPBC。

\n

(其实是懒得找图片的借口)

\n

遗憾的是 PPBC 上照片太多,很难去挑选到那些植物的各个生命阶段,感兴趣的可以去自行查找照片,应该都不难找。

\n

到这已经两千字了,如果有人能读完我写的这种无聊的东西的话,那真的是非常感谢了。

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", + "content": "
\"头图\"/
\n

当然可以了,甚至可以说一些植物的恐怖程度不亚于触手怪(对它们的寄主或食物来说)。

\n

首先是一些触手状的寄生植物,这里拿菟丝子来举例。

\n
\"\"
菟丝子 Cuscuta chinensis 图源 PPBC
\n

寄生植物 --- 菟丝子

\n

菟丝子可以说是行为最接近触手怪的植物之一了。

\n
\"\"
菟丝子种子 图源 PPBC
\n

它没有真正的根,也没有功能性叶片或叶绿素,没办法通过光合作用给自己制造养分。所以,它必须在储存的能量完全耗尽前(通常只有几天到一周多的时间)找到合适的寄主植物。

\n

菟丝子的小苗并不是盲目生长,它能感知周围环境中寄主植物释放的化学信号(比如黄酮类),这个能力可以让它轻易找到附近的潜在寄主方向,然后向那个方向生长。

\n

一旦接触到寄主植物的茎、叶等部位,它那柔韧细长的茎会迅速缠绕上去(并非迅速),像蛇一样一圈圈地缠绕寄主。这个过程是物理性的固定,防止因为各种原因从宿主身上掉落下来。

\n
\"\"
菟丝子 缠绕在寄主上 图源 PPBC
\n

然后,在与寄主紧密接触的部位,茎皮层细胞会分化形成特殊的吸器。这是它特化的寄生器官,可以刺入寄主植物内部的维管束系统来吸取养分。维管束系统是植物用来运输水和养分的系统,相当于动物的血管,菟丝子这样的行为就好像那些趴着动物身上吸血的虫子一样。

\n
\"\"
菟丝子 缠绕在寄主上 图源 PPBC
\n

但比吸血的虫子更可怕的是,一旦成功建立一个吸器连接点,菟丝子获取了养分,就可以疯狂的生长,不断伸长、分枝,最后形成一张看着像金丝编成的大网,所以它也有了金丝藤的俗称。

\n
\"\"
成网的菟丝子 图源 PPBC
\n

它会向向四周蔓延,寻找并缠绕寄主植物的更多部位甚至邻近的其他植株。在每一个新的接触点上,它都会重复形成吸器、建立连接、疯狂掠夺的过程。

\n

最后的结果是,寄主植物被大量缠绕覆盖,自身制造的营养被大量窃取。这会让寄主逐渐生长受阻,叶片发黄萎蔫,直至整株死亡。而菟丝子则依靠掠夺来的资源,开花、结果,然后继续下一轮的生命历程。

\n
\"\"
成片的菟丝子 图源 PPBC
\n

菟丝子对农业的危害非常之大,因为它的主要寄主是豆科植物。

\n

俗称“豆阎王”。

\n

菟丝子 旋花科菟丝子属植物的统称

\n

也可以单指菟丝子 Cuscuta chinensis

\n
\n

介绍完了寄生植物,再讲一讲行为上同样很像触手的一些食虫植物,茅膏菜可以说是里面的代表。

\n

食虫植物 --- 茅膏菜

\n

茅膏菜,看起来像是叶片上点缀着露珠的娇弱小草,但这正是它精心布置的陷阱。而那些“露珠”,实际上是它叶片上腺毛尖端分泌的粘液。

\n
\"\"
好望角茅膏菜 Drosera capensis 图源 PPBC
\n

这些液珠在阳光下闪闪发亮,有些种类还可以散发出类似花蜜的香气,对一些昆虫有着致命的吸引力。

\n

等到有昆虫落在叶片上接触到这些粘液时,马上就会被牢牢粘住,就像掉在了粘蝇板上一样。这时候昆虫的挣扎往往是徒劳的,只会让更多的粘液覆盖全身。

\n

感受到猎物的挣扎(茅膏菜仅对持续压力敏感,像雨水之类的刺激不会激活),接触点周围的腺毛向猎物弯曲靠拢,将猎物包裹。

\n

一旦猎物被完全控制住,腺毛除了分泌粘液,还会分泌多种消化酶。这些消化酶会分解猎物,将其转化为氮磷等营养素供茅膏菜吸收。氮和磷在贫瘠土壤中是难以获取的资源,也正是食虫植物演化出这种习性的最重要的原因。

\n
\"\"
长柱茅膏菜 Drosera oblanceolata
\n

茅膏菜 茅膏菜科茅膏菜属植物的统称

\n

顺带一提,同为食虫植物的捕蝇草属和貉藻属也在这个科

\n
\n

说完了食虫植物,再让我们来看看另一类有特殊习性的植物:绞杀植物。

\n

绞杀植物 --- 绞杀榕

\n

绞杀榕并非一种植物,而是一类有绞杀习性的榕属植物的统称。

\n
\"\"
垂叶榕 Ficus benjamina 图源 PPBC
\n

鸟类或哺乳动物在食用了它的果实后,有机会将种子排泄在宿主树的树冠或树皮缝隙中。种子在湿润环境中萌芽,初期依赖宿主树表的腐殖质和雨水生长,形成幼苗。

\n

幼苗向上生长的同时,向下延伸出多条细长的气生根。这些气生根顺着宿主树干缓慢的向下生长。等到接触地面,扎入土壤,它们就能开始正常吸收水分和矿物质。

\n

气生根不断增粗并分枝,互相交织覆盖宿主树皮,此时榕树进入半附生阶段。随着气生根持续加粗,网开始不断收紧,宿主树干被压迫,阻碍了维管系统对水分和养料的运输。同时,榕树通过庞大根系抢夺宿主树的水分和营养,树冠扩张也遮挡了阳光,抑制了宿主树的光合作用,最终导致宿主树死亡。

\n

宿主树在绞杀下枯死腐烂,绞杀榕的气生根则融合成一个坚固的树干状结构,支撑自身树冠。此时,绞杀榕完全独立,形成一棵新树,继续生长和繁殖。

\n
\"\"
斜叶榕 Ficus tinctoria subsp. gibbosa 图源 PPBC
\n

绞杀榕 桑科榕属内有绞杀习性榕树的统称

\n
\n

植物并非像很多人想象的那么和善,为了生存,它们可以把自己变成“触手怪”。

\n

但不得不说,它们的策略非常成功,也在各自的生境下抢到了一席之地。

\n

在自然中,适者生存才是最大的法则。

\n
主要参考文献:
胡飞,孔垂华. 寄生植物对寄主植物的化学识别. 华南农业大学热带亚热带生态研究所 广州. 生态学报. 第 23 卷 第 5 期 2003 年 5 月.
陈莹, 兰芳, 刘金平, 等. 日本菟丝子对园林植物危害度及适应性生长的研究[J]. 四川林业科技, 2023, 44(1): 32−39. doi:10.12172/202203070001.
李春华,李柯澄. 茅膏菜属植物繁殖与栽培[J]. 中国花卉园艺,2019(24):20-23.
周亮,黄自云,黄建平. 热带植物垂叶榕的绞杀现象[J]. 园林,2012(6):68-69. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0283.2012.06.022.
次要参考文献就不列了,反正大部分也就看了个摘要。
\n

为避免版权纠纷问题,图片全部来源于 PPBC。

\n

(其实是懒得找图片的借口)

\n

遗憾的是 PPBC 上照片太多,很难去挑选到那些植物的各个生命阶段,感兴趣的可以去自行查找照片,应该都不难找。

\n

到这已经两千字了,如果有人能读完我写的这种无聊的东西的话,那真的是非常感谢了。

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", "category": "", - "link": "http://english.people.com.cn/n3/2025/0605/c90000-20323908.html", + "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783312", "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Thu, 05 Jun 2025 16:34:25 +0800", + "pubDate": "Sun, 17 Aug 2025 00:27:03 +0000", "enclosure": "", "enclosureType": "", "image": "", "id": "", "language": "", "folder": "资讯", - "feed": "人民网英语", + "feed": "知乎", "read": false, "favorite": false, "created": false, "tags": [], - "hash": "9db99693e8e3c0d1f88bc063a472583d", + "hash": "8aa31758434c436cbfaa165c1be33dd3", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "为什么消消乐这种游戏会让人上瘾?", + "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n

最近我迷上了一款倒水的益智小游戏。游戏里可以看到很多玻璃瓶,每个瓶子有四格,每格有不同颜色的水,把四格同样颜色的水倒到一个瓶子里就可以打包发货。所有的瓶子清空后这局就赢了。

\n
\"\"
\n

玩了几天我忽然意识到,这不就是消消乐嘛,把三个相同的小动物 / 图案移到一起就可以把这一排消掉。大约十年前我也一度沉迷这款小游戏,一路玩到了 642 关。

\n
\"\"
\n

时隔多年,没想到喜欢玩的游戏还是同一款。

\n

再一想,我们平时喜欢玩的麻将、扑克、俄罗斯方块等经典游戏,本质上不也都是这样的把两个、三个、四个元素凑对子凑组合的消除类游戏吗?

\n

为什么我们总是对这类游戏情有独钟呢?难道人类天生喜欢消消乐这类游戏吗?

\n

研究表明,这类兴趣很可能真的根植于我们的基因中。 在原始社会,我们的祖先需要在野外复杂的环境中快速分辨出哪些植物可食、哪些动物危险、天气变化的征兆、追踪猎物踪迹等,都需要强大的模式识别能力。能从背景“噪音”中提取出有意义的“信号”的个体更有可能生存和繁衍。

\n

我们的大脑本质上是一个强大的预测机器。它不断接收信息,试图找出其中的规律和模式,以便预测未来、减少不确定性。在消消乐或麻将中,玩家就是在进行实时的模式识别和预测,如“下一张牌会是什么?”,“我这样消除能连上吗?”。

\n

混乱和无序的信息会消耗大量的认知资源,让人感到压力和不适。当我们成功地将杂乱无章的元素,如麻将牌、扑克牌、消消乐方块,组织成有序的组合,如三个 A、四个 2、同花顺、三个连消时,大脑瞬间释放了认知负担,产生一种轻松、清晰和掌控感。这是一种内在的心理奖励。

\n

著名影星茱莉亚·罗伯茨在一次采访中说,麻将的精髓在于通过随机的抓牌,在混乱中创造秩序,可谓一语中的。

\n
\"\"
\n

此外,人类有强烈的“完成欲”或“格式塔闭合”倾向,比如下面这个图案,大脑可以根据残缺不全的图案自动脑补出圆形和三角形。

\n
\"\"
\n

我们倾向于将不完整的模式感知为完整的,并渴望去补全它。消消乐中填满一个缺口,麻将中听牌后胡牌,扑克中凑成一手好牌,都完美地满足了这种“闭合”的冲动,带来强烈的满足感。

\n

这类游戏通常规则相对简单,容易上手,但策略深度可以很高,精通难。玩家在挑战中不断获得成功的小奖励,如消除一组,这种持续的、可预测的正反馈循环非常符合大脑的奖赏系统。

\n

虽然规则简单,但如何高效地组合、消除、规划路径都提供了不同程度的认知挑战。比如倒水游戏和消消乐游戏中都有可以触发连续消除的设定,会大大增强满足感。

\n

总的来说,消消乐、麻将、扑克等经典游戏精准地击中了心理深处的核心需求——在混沌中寻找并创造秩序,从中获得掌控感与愉悦。这种对秩序的偏爱和对模式的敏感,是人类进化赋予我们的生存优势。

\n

所以,人类天生喜欢“消消乐”吗?答案或许是:是的。

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", + "content": "
\"头图\"/
\n

最近我迷上了一款倒水的益智小游戏。游戏里可以看到很多玻璃瓶,每个瓶子有四格,每格有不同颜色的水,把四格同样颜色的水倒到一个瓶子里就可以打包发货。所有的瓶子清空后这局就赢了。

\n
\"\"
\n

玩了几天我忽然意识到,这不就是消消乐嘛,把三个相同的小动物 / 图案移到一起就可以把这一排消掉。大约十年前我也一度沉迷这款小游戏,一路玩到了 642 关。

\n
\"\"
\n

时隔多年,没想到喜欢玩的游戏还是同一款。

\n

再一想,我们平时喜欢玩的麻将、扑克、俄罗斯方块等经典游戏,本质上不也都是这样的把两个、三个、四个元素凑对子凑组合的消除类游戏吗?

\n

为什么我们总是对这类游戏情有独钟呢?难道人类天生喜欢消消乐这类游戏吗?

\n

研究表明,这类兴趣很可能真的根植于我们的基因中。 在原始社会,我们的祖先需要在野外复杂的环境中快速分辨出哪些植物可食、哪些动物危险、天气变化的征兆、追踪猎物踪迹等,都需要强大的模式识别能力。能从背景“噪音”中提取出有意义的“信号”的个体更有可能生存和繁衍。

\n

我们的大脑本质上是一个强大的预测机器。它不断接收信息,试图找出其中的规律和模式,以便预测未来、减少不确定性。在消消乐或麻将中,玩家就是在进行实时的模式识别和预测,如“下一张牌会是什么?”,“我这样消除能连上吗?”。

\n

混乱和无序的信息会消耗大量的认知资源,让人感到压力和不适。当我们成功地将杂乱无章的元素,如麻将牌、扑克牌、消消乐方块,组织成有序的组合,如三个 A、四个 2、同花顺、三个连消时,大脑瞬间释放了认知负担,产生一种轻松、清晰和掌控感。这是一种内在的心理奖励。

\n

著名影星茱莉亚·罗伯茨在一次采访中说,麻将的精髓在于通过随机的抓牌,在混乱中创造秩序,可谓一语中的。

\n
\"\"
\n

此外,人类有强烈的“完成欲”或“格式塔闭合”倾向,比如下面这个图案,大脑可以根据残缺不全的图案自动脑补出圆形和三角形。

\n
\"\"
\n

我们倾向于将不完整的模式感知为完整的,并渴望去补全它。消消乐中填满一个缺口,麻将中听牌后胡牌,扑克中凑成一手好牌,都完美地满足了这种“闭合”的冲动,带来强烈的满足感。

\n

这类游戏通常规则相对简单,容易上手,但策略深度可以很高,精通难。玩家在挑战中不断获得成功的小奖励,如消除一组,这种持续的、可预测的正反馈循环非常符合大脑的奖赏系统。

\n

虽然规则简单,但如何高效地组合、消除、规划路径都提供了不同程度的认知挑战。比如倒水游戏和消消乐游戏中都有可以触发连续消除的设定,会大大增强满足感。

\n

总的来说,消消乐、麻将、扑克等经典游戏精准地击中了心理深处的核心需求——在混沌中寻找并创造秩序,从中获得掌控感与愉悦。这种对秩序的偏爱和对模式的敏感,是人类进化赋予我们的生存优势。

\n

所以,人类天生喜欢“消消乐”吗?答案或许是:是的。

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", + "category": "", + "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783314", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sun, 17 Aug 2025 00:27:03 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "知乎", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "11725f5b854f79156deeb75d9ff0557b", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "三维空间有莫比乌斯环,四维空间有克莱因瓶,五维六维有什么?", + "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n

高维复杂得多,因为可以粘合的方向变多了,没那么好推广。

\n

莫比乌斯环和克莱因瓶都是二维不可定向流形,一维和三维不存在不可定向流形,所以要思考四维不可定向流形的更高维嵌入,这就烧脑了。

\n

而且做拓扑的应该都知道,四维是特殊的,哪怕更高维度都没四维复杂。

\n
\n

所谓不可定向,可以简单理解为绕了一圈,左右手互换了。

\n

考虑二维平面,其实存在三种粘合方式:

\n
\"\"
\n

考虑一条纸带,同向粘合就是圆柱,反向粘合就是莫比乌斯环。

\n

考虑一个圆柱,同向粘合就是甜甜圈,反向粘合就是克莱因瓶。

\n

你比较聪明的话就会在这里发现一个 bug,那莫比乌斯环两条边不也可以正向或者反向粘合吗?

\n

这不还有两类吗?

\n

Sorry,莫比乌斯环只有一条边,你可以自己粘一个,真的只有一条边,没法再粘合。

\n

所以才说二维有三种粘合方式。

\n
\n

总之面对高维空间几何直观已经不够用了,我们必须使用严格的数学语言来推导。

\n

想象一条无限大的矩形纸带

\n

\"\"

\n

,定义操作

\n

\"\"

\n

。

\n

在该变换下我们将所有能通过这个平移操作联系起来的点视为同一个点。

\n

相当于把纸带卷起来,得到一个无限长的圆柱面,这仍是一个可定向的曲面。

\n

再规定一个扭曲操作

\n

\"\"

\n

,该变换把纵坐标翻转了,这个翻转在代数上等价一个反射操作,正是它向空间中注入了不可定向的性质。

\n

这种特殊翻转推广到更高维度被称为对径映射(Antipodal Map)。

\n
\n

想象一个

\n

\"\"

\n

维球面

\n

\"\"

\n

,它是

\n

\"\"

\n

空间中的单位球面。

\n

对径映射可以把球面上的每一个点

\n

\"\"

\n

瞬间移动到它正对面的那个点

\n

\"\"

\n

。

\n

打个比方,地球上的北极点和南极点建了个传送门互通,这就是一种对径映射。

\n

这个操作可以用一个只有两个元素的群

\n

\"\"

\n

来描述,其中

\n

\"\"

\n

是单位操作,

\n

\"\"

\n

是对径映射。

\n

现在考虑一个非常抽象的粘合操作,把

\n

\"\"

\n

上所有互为对径的点都视为同一个点,这个操作得到的商空间,就是实射影空间

\n

\"\"

\n

。

\n
\"\"
\n

这玩意儿比克莱因瓶还要抽象一点。

\n

\"\"就是将一维圆环

\n

\"\"

\n

的对径点粘合,粘合后得到的还是一个圆。

\n

所以

\n

\"\"

\n

,并且仍然是可定向的。

\n

\"\"

\n

要将二维球面

\n

\"\"

\n

的对径点粘合,得到的就是上图的抽象玩意儿,这是一个二维不可定向流形,没有边界。

\n

它和克莱因瓶是同类,都是二维紧致不可定向流形,只是在拓扑上不等同。

\n

\"\"

\n

要将位于四维空间

\n

\"\"

\n

中的三维球面

\n

\"\"

\n

的对径点粘合。

\n

这是一个三维流形,奇妙的是这个流形在拓扑上等同于我们熟知的三维旋转群

\n

\"\"

\n

。

\n

因此它是可定向的。

\n

继续计算高维推广,惠特尼发现实射影空间

\n

\"\"

\n

仅在偶数维度不可定向。

\n

另外惠特尼强嵌入定理还指出,任何一个

\n

\"\"

\n

维流形,无论是否可定向,总可以被嵌入到

\n

\"\"

\n

中。

\n

所以我们要考虑的推广就是

\n

\"\"

\n

的

\n

\"\"

\n

嵌入。

\n
\n

不过四维是被诅咒的维度,这里面水太深了。

\n

二维世界很乖,任何紧致无边界的二维流形,要么是可定向的,要么是不可定向的,可以被完全分类。

\n

三维的世界差不多被探索完了,任何紧致的三维流形都可以通过切割和分解,最终得到由八种标准几何结构中的一种所支配的流形块的连通和。

\n

五维以上的世界也是井然有序,早已被微分拓扑征服。

\n

但是四维空间上流形的分类问题异常困难,而且搞不好是不可判定的。

\n

我随便构造一些妙妙屋。

\n

取一个位于

\n

\"\"

\n

中的四维球面

\n

\"\"

\n

,然后将每一对对径点粘合在一起,得到

\n

\"\"

\n

,这东西的嵌入需要

\n

\"\"

\n

。

\n

但是如果取一个二维不可定向的克莱因瓶

\n

\"\"

\n

和一个二维可定向二维球面

\n

\"\"

\n

,想象一个克莱因瓶,每一个点上都“挂”着一个完整的二维球面。

\n

一个

\n

\"\"

\n

维流形

\n

\"\"

\n

和一个

\n

\"\"

\n

维流形

\n

\"\"

\n

的乘积

\n

\"\"

\n

可以嵌入到各自嵌入空间的和中。

\n

既然克莱因瓶

\n

\"\"

\n

嵌入

\n

\"\"

\n

,而球面

\n

\"\"

\n

嵌入

\n

\"\"

\n

,那么

\n

\"\"

\n

可以嵌入到 7 维空间

\n

\"\"

\n

。

\n

这还没完,在两者身上各自挖掉一个小小的四维球体,在每个流形上下一个三维球面

\n

\"\"

\n

作为伤口,然后将这两个三维球面的边界对齐粘合起来,串成一个高维糖葫芦

\n

\"\"

\n

。

\n

这东西也是不可定向的,应该需要 8 维空间

\n

\"\"

\n

才能嵌入,长成这样我也不是很确定。

\n

而且还能继续使用类似手段杂交下去。

\n

总之似乎有无限种拓扑不同构的四维不可定向流形,外加一般需要八维空间才能嵌入,克莱因瓶的推广困难重重。

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", + "content": "
\"头图\"/
\n

高维复杂得多,因为可以粘合的方向变多了,没那么好推广。

\n

莫比乌斯环和克莱因瓶都是二维不可定向流形,一维和三维不存在不可定向流形,所以要思考四维不可定向流形的更高维嵌入,这就烧脑了。

\n

而且做拓扑的应该都知道,四维是特殊的,哪怕更高维度都没四维复杂。

\n
\n

所谓不可定向,可以简单理解为绕了一圈,左右手互换了。

\n

考虑二维平面,其实存在三种粘合方式:

\n
\"\"
\n

考虑一条纸带,同向粘合就是圆柱,反向粘合就是莫比乌斯环。

\n

考虑一个圆柱,同向粘合就是甜甜圈,反向粘合就是克莱因瓶。

\n

你比较聪明的话就会在这里发现一个 bug,那莫比乌斯环两条边不也可以正向或者反向粘合吗?

\n

这不还有两类吗?

\n

Sorry,莫比乌斯环只有一条边,你可以自己粘一个,真的只有一条边,没法再粘合。

\n

所以才说二维有三种粘合方式。

\n
\n

总之面对高维空间几何直观已经不够用了,我们必须使用严格的数学语言来推导。

\n

想象一条无限大的矩形纸带

\n

\"\"

\n

,定义操作

\n

\"\"

\n

。

\n

在该变换下我们将所有能通过这个平移操作联系起来的点视为同一个点。

\n

相当于把纸带卷起来,得到一个无限长的圆柱面,这仍是一个可定向的曲面。

\n

再规定一个扭曲操作

\n

\"\"

\n

,该变换把纵坐标翻转了,这个翻转在代数上等价一个反射操作,正是它向空间中注入了不可定向的性质。

\n

这种特殊翻转推广到更高维度被称为对径映射(Antipodal Map)。

\n
\n

想象一个

\n

\"\"

\n

维球面

\n

\"\"

\n

,它是

\n

\"\"

\n

空间中的单位球面。

\n

对径映射可以把球面上的每一个点

\n

\"\"

\n

瞬间移动到它正对面的那个点

\n

\"\"

\n

。

\n

打个比方,地球上的北极点和南极点建了个传送门互通,这就是一种对径映射。

\n

这个操作可以用一个只有两个元素的群

\n

\"\"

\n

来描述,其中

\n

\"\"

\n

是单位操作,

\n

\"\"

\n

是对径映射。

\n

现在考虑一个非常抽象的粘合操作,把

\n

\"\"

\n

上所有互为对径的点都视为同一个点,这个操作得到的商空间,就是实射影空间

\n

\"\"

\n

。

\n
\"\"
\n

这玩意儿比克莱因瓶还要抽象一点。

\n

\"\"就是将一维圆环

\n

\"\"

\n

的对径点粘合,粘合后得到的还是一个圆。

\n

所以

\n

\"\"

\n

,并且仍然是可定向的。

\n

\"\"

\n

要将二维球面

\n

\"\"

\n

的对径点粘合,得到的就是上图的抽象玩意儿,这是一个二维不可定向流形,没有边界。

\n

它和克莱因瓶是同类,都是二维紧致不可定向流形,只是在拓扑上不等同。

\n

\"\"

\n

要将位于四维空间

\n

\"\"

\n

中的三维球面

\n

\"\"

\n

的对径点粘合。

\n

这是一个三维流形,奇妙的是这个流形在拓扑上等同于我们熟知的三维旋转群

\n

\"\"

\n

。

\n

因此它是可定向的。

\n

继续计算高维推广,惠特尼发现实射影空间

\n

\"\"

\n

仅在偶数维度不可定向。

\n

另外惠特尼强嵌入定理还指出,任何一个

\n

\"\"

\n

维流形,无论是否可定向,总可以被嵌入到

\n

\"\"

\n

中。

\n

所以我们要考虑的推广就是

\n

\"\"

\n

的

\n

\"\"

\n

嵌入。

\n
\n

不过四维是被诅咒的维度,这里面水太深了。

\n

二维世界很乖,任何紧致无边界的二维流形,要么是可定向的,要么是不可定向的,可以被完全分类。

\n

三维的世界差不多被探索完了,任何紧致的三维流形都可以通过切割和分解,最终得到由八种标准几何结构中的一种所支配的流形块的连通和。

\n

五维以上的世界也是井然有序,早已被微分拓扑征服。

\n

但是四维空间上流形的分类问题异常困难,而且搞不好是不可判定的。

\n

我随便构造一些妙妙屋。

\n

取一个位于

\n

\"\"

\n

中的四维球面

\n

\"\"

\n

,然后将每一对对径点粘合在一起,得到

\n

\"\"

\n

,这东西的嵌入需要

\n

\"\"

\n

。

\n

但是如果取一个二维不可定向的克莱因瓶

\n

\"\"

\n

和一个二维可定向二维球面

\n

\"\"

\n

,想象一个克莱因瓶,每一个点上都“挂”着一个完整的二维球面。

\n

一个

\n

\"\"

\n

维流形

\n

\"\"

\n

和一个

\n

\"\"

\n

维流形

\n

\"\"

\n

的乘积

\n

\"\"

\n

可以嵌入到各自嵌入空间的和中。

\n

既然克莱因瓶

\n

\"\"

\n

嵌入

\n

\"\"

\n

,而球面

\n

\"\"

\n

嵌入

\n

\"\"

\n

,那么

\n

\"\"

\n

可以嵌入到 7 维空间

\n

\"\"

\n

。

\n

这还没完,在两者身上各自挖掉一个小小的四维球体,在每个流形上下一个三维球面

\n

\"\"

\n

作为伤口,然后将这两个三维球面的边界对齐粘合起来,串成一个高维糖葫芦

\n

\"\"

\n

。

\n

这东西也是不可定向的,应该需要 8 维空间

\n

\"\"

\n

才能嵌入,长成这样我也不是很确定。

\n

而且还能继续使用类似手段杂交下去。

\n

总之似乎有无限种拓扑不同构的四维不可定向流形,外加一般需要八维空间才能嵌入,克莱因瓶的推广困难重重。

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", + "category": "", + "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783321", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sun, 17 Aug 2025 00:27:03 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "知乎", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "26c38fab7235c8bf2b78613ead26502d", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "为什么牛吃素可以长那么壮?而人不吃荤就不行?", + "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n

你以为牛天天吃草就能长那么壮,其实它是吃荤的才能长这么壮。牛吃草只是在饲养体内的共生生物们(鞭毛虫、纤毛虫和细菌们)。

\n

严格来说牛自身对植物纤维的消化吸收的能力很差,但是它却可以利用胃里的共生微生物们来消化植物,间接吸收植物的营养和消化吸收微生物们。

\n

众所周知牛有瘤网瓣皱四个胃,只有最后的皱胃是分泌胃酸有消化能力的胃,也称之为“真胃”,瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃从解剖学来说应该算是食道的一部分,主要作用就是用来发酵草料并饲养鞭毛虫、纤毛虫和其他细菌真菌等微生物。

\n
\"\"
\n

鞭毛虫主要生活在牛的瘤胃和网胃中,纤毛虫主要生活在瘤胃里。牛的瘤胃是弱酸(ph5.5-6.5)、恒温的无氧环境,非常适合这些共生厌氧微生物的生长。

\n

鞭毛虫以瘤胃里的细菌、真菌、淀粉和糖为食,并且产生短链脂肪酸给牛提供能量。虽然鞭毛虫不直接分解纤维素但是可以影响纤维素分解菌的活性,优化纤维发酵效率。纤毛虫能分泌纤维素酶,把植物纤维消化分解成糖滋养细菌们,也可以发酵淀粉来减少乳酸堆积,稳定瘤胃的 ph 值。

\n

鞭毛虫、纤毛虫和其他细菌们最终会随着食糜一起进入皱胃(真胃)和小肠被消化吸收,给牛提供大量的蛋白质能量。纤毛虫提供的蛋白质约占牛总蛋白摄入的 5-15%,鞭毛虫的贡献通常低于 2%,瘤胃细菌是牛的主要蛋白质来源 60-70%。

\n

牛为了获得更多的蛋白质,还进化出了特殊的尿素循环。血液中的尿素 40-70%通过瘤胃胃壁进入瘤胃,还有部分尿素随着唾液进入消化道。瘤胃里的微生物们分泌脲酶将尿素分解并合成蛋白质(可为牛提供约 20-30%的日粮蛋白质)。人类还会特意在成年牛的饲料里面添加尿素,以便牛能获得更多的蛋白质。

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n

获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", + "content": "
\"头图\"/
\n

你以为牛天天吃草就能长那么壮,其实它是吃荤的才能长这么壮。牛吃草只是在饲养体内的共生生物们(鞭毛虫、纤毛虫和细菌们)。

\n

严格来说牛自身对植物纤维的消化吸收的能力很差,但是它却可以利用胃里的共生微生物们来消化植物,间接吸收植物的营养和消化吸收微生物们。

\n

众所周知牛有瘤网瓣皱四个胃,只有最后的皱胃是分泌胃酸有消化能力的胃,也称之为“真胃”,瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃从解剖学来说应该算是食道的一部分,主要作用就是用来发酵草料并饲养鞭毛虫、纤毛虫和其他细菌真菌等微生物。

\n
\"\"
\n

鞭毛虫主要生活在牛的瘤胃和网胃中,纤毛虫主要生活在瘤胃里。牛的瘤胃是弱酸(ph5.5-6.5)、恒温的无氧环境,非常适合这些共生厌氧微生物的生长。

\n

鞭毛虫以瘤胃里的细菌、真菌、淀粉和糖为食,并且产生短链脂肪酸给牛提供能量。虽然鞭毛虫不直接分解纤维素但是可以影响纤维素分解菌的活性,优化纤维发酵效率。纤毛虫能分泌纤维素酶,把植物纤维消化分解成糖滋养细菌们,也可以发酵淀粉来减少乳酸堆积,稳定瘤胃的 ph 值。

\n

鞭毛虫、纤毛虫和其他细菌们最终会随着食糜一起进入皱胃(真胃)和小肠被消化吸收,给牛提供大量的蛋白质能量。纤毛虫提供的蛋白质约占牛总蛋白摄入的 5-15%,鞭毛虫的贡献通常低于 2%,瘤胃细菌是牛的主要蛋白质来源 60-70%。

\n

牛为了获得更多的蛋白质,还进化出了特殊的尿素循环。血液中的尿素 40-70%通过瘤胃胃壁进入瘤胃,还有部分尿素随着唾液进入消化道。瘤胃里的微生物们分泌脲酶将尿素分解并合成蛋白质(可为牛提供约 20-30%的日粮蛋白质)。人类还会特意在成年牛的饲料里面添加尿素,以便牛能获得更多的蛋白质。

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n

获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", + "category": "", + "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783306", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sun, 17 Aug 2025 00:27:03 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "知乎", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "3f4050cd648a7ac9e0c1760c6f7a2f49", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "如果细胞分裂速度突然加快100倍,生物体的寿命是更长还是更短了?", + "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n

什么?还在考虑寿命增加或缩短?

\n

体温都得超过 300℃,直接熟透了好吧。

\n

以下是分析和计算过程:

\n

一个人在静息状态下的平均功率为 100W 左右,细胞分裂速度突然加快 100 倍,意味着静息功率至少突然激增到了 10000W。

\n

要知道博尔特的瞬时最大功率也才 2000 多 W。

\n

你这一身的功率,相当于 5 个博尔特在冲刺。

\n

如果高的功率,人体温度会有多少呢?

\n

我们不放一算。

\n

根据斯特藩 - 玻尔兹曼定律:

\n

\"\"

\n

人体辐射散热为:

\n

\"\"

\n

\"\"

\n

为辐射系数,人体表面接近 1,这里取值为 1。

\n

\"\"

\n

为斯特藩 - 玻尔兹曼常量,取值

\n

\"\"

\n

。

\n

\"\"

\n

为环境温度,不妨取值 300K(26.85℃)。

\n

\"\"

\n

为人体温度,即我们需要求的值。

\n

\"\"

\n

为人体表面积。

\n
根据许文生氏公式: \"\"
\n

可得,170cm、60kg 的人,体表面积为: 1.65m^2。

\n

根据以上公式和数据,易得:

\n

人体温度

\n

\"\"

\n

为:

\n

582.32K,也即 309.17℃。

\n

这么高的温度,意味着即便人体充分发挥散热能力,降低一点点温度也是杯水车薪。

\n

所以,人很快就熟透了。

\n

这个问题下的众多答主,都忽略了一个非常严重的问题。

\n

细胞分裂速度突然加快 100 倍,意味着新陈代谢至少会加快 100 倍。

\n
    \n
  • 考虑到微环境的骤然改变,生化效率的降低,实际支撑 100 倍分裂的新陈代谢加速远远不止 100 倍。
  • \n
\n

有人不理解为什么,分裂速度加快 100 倍,新陈代谢为啥就会加快 100 倍。大家都会这么想,的确干细胞的功能谁要是分裂增值分化,但是分化后的细胞不是主要是其他功能吗?它们也不再分化,整体新陈代谢不应该会增加 100 倍啊?

\n

我这里再详细解释一下,为什么新陈代谢也会加快 100 倍。

\n

第一点,细胞分裂速度和生化效率直接相关。只有提升了干细胞的生化效率,分裂速度才能加快。干细胞的新陈代谢主要都发生在分裂上面,因此新陈代谢会提升 100 倍。

\n

第二点,细胞分裂速度加快 100 倍,人体还需要正常维持,说明细胞总量还没变话。也就是说新旧细胞也完成了 100 倍加速更替,意味着老细胞生命周期和凋亡速度也需要加快 100 倍,它们的新陈代谢速度也需要加快 100 倍。

\n

第三点,细胞分裂速度提升 100 倍,其实突破的是生化反应效率和速度(物理法则)。人体是一个体液共享的生化反应池,生化环境是一个整体,要么一增俱增,要么一减俱减少,不可能存在初始条件完全不变,只增效特定细胞生化反应的情况。

\n

第四点,除了共享生化反应池外,人体也是众多系统联合存在的。任何一种功能都是和其它功能相关联的,例如生长发育和消化、循环、呼吸、运动系统等等的正关联。生长发育相关的细胞增速 100 倍,其它系统也需要被迫增速 100 倍。

\n

很多人并没有意识到,100 倍增加有多夸张。人体细胞每天的更新率为 1%~2%,增加 100 倍,意味着更新率变成了 100%~200%,一天就会增加 1~2 个人体的更新量。即便不考虑其它能量增加,消化系统所需要的摄入量,是不是都朝着 100 倍提升了?消化系统提升了 100 倍,其它系统是不是也被迫提升 100 倍?

\n

总之,虽然题设的确只有分裂加快 100 倍,但要支撑这个复杂有机体存在,还有生命周期和凋亡速度的 100 倍,其实 100 倍新陈代谢其实都打不住。

\n

从演化的角度来说,细胞分裂速度也不可能凭空增加 100 倍。

\n

一个细胞,其实就是一个超级“工程”,仅仅一秒钟,就会发生一千万次的生化反应。

\n
\"\"
\n

生化反应的效率和速率,在不同的温度、浓度、压力、电流、催化剂条件下有所不同。但受限于不同位置不同元素最外层原子轨道(物理法则),最高上限也被死死卡死。

\n

生物演化到一颗细胞这样的复杂程度,用了多少年的时间?

\n

至少 20 亿年。

\n

42.8 亿年前,或许已有了最早的生命。但一直到 18 亿年前,才可能有了最早的真核生物。

\n

如此漫长的 20 多亿年,经过不断的淘汰迭代,只有生化效率和速率越能适应环境,才越能生存下来。

\n

当环境恶劣时(营养缺少、废物积累、环境有害),它们的生长发育和分裂繁殖都会减慢。当环境优渥时(营养丰富、废物清除、环境适宜),它们的生长发育和分裂繁殖都会加快。

\n

这一条,不仅仅是原核生物、原生生物,甚至是众多多细胞生物的生存法则。

\n

生物们不是不想凭空加快分裂繁殖,而是根本不能。

\n

唯一可能做到加快 100 倍的,只有这样的情况:

\n
    \n
  • 比原生生物(包括)更加简单的生物,通过提供无比优渥的环境,来使得原本生存在极其恶劣环境中的个体,分裂速度加快 100 倍。
  • \n
\n

而原本生存在优渥环境的简单生物,便不可能做到分裂速度加快 100 倍,因为被生化效率和速率限制得死死的。

\n

至于多细胞生物,尤其是刺胞动物之后,演化出组织、器官,甚至是系统的生物,更是根本不可能做到。

\n

生物为什么演化出器官和系统,因为对于多细胞生物来说,相同功能的细胞集中才能干“大事”,才能出效率。

\n

心脏源源不断的提供动力,负责血液循环。

\n

肺源源不断的提供新鲜氧气,并排出二氧化碳。

\n

肠胃源源不断的摄入营养。

\n

肝脏则肩负着消化、营养转化、储能、代谢、解毒等多种多样的功能。

\n

肾脏则过滤血液中的杂质、维持体液和电解质的平衡。

\n

……

\n

复杂生物的器官,同样在一次次自然选择中,越来越匹配生存效率。不说提供 100 倍,哪怕是提高 2 倍,都是在超频了。健康人的心率在 70 左右,再年轻,也就超频到 3 倍左右。

\n

100 倍,对于这些复杂器官来说,简直是过于夸张。

\n

新陈代谢提升 100 倍,意味着血液循环的效率需要提升 100 倍以上,心脏自然只能直接爆缸了。

\n

而肺泡交换氧气的效率也需要提升 100 倍,肺内部空间就那么大,再怎么优化,也不可能提升 100 倍。直接炸了,无根本做不到。

\n
\"\"
\n

人的体液、电解质、酸碱都维持着动态平衡,新陈代谢速度提升 100 倍,也意味着消化系统需要提供 100 倍的物质供应,把肠胃吃得堵死了也根本做不到。

\n

至于肝脏和肾脏,两个都是要不毒死,要不忙死。

\n

你想大脑不负责这些基础功能,除了海马体神经元也基本上不细胞分裂,能逃过一劫吧?

\n

你想多了,根本不可能。

\n

的确,大脑主要的神经元是终生制的,可惜神经元其实仅仅只是大脑细胞的少部分,多达 90%的细胞其实是是神经胶质细胞。神经胶质细胞终身具有分裂能力,原本神经胶质细胞仅仅只是自然更替,突然分裂加快 100 倍,看看这这脑瓜子还能撑到几时。

\n

我们退一万步来说,即便这些细胞足够快的凋亡,大脑也不可能平安无事。

\n

覆巢之下安有完卵。

\n

人体高功率产生的热量,就完全受不了。

\n

前文我们计算了提升 100 倍的新陈代谢率,人体温度达到夸张的 300℃以上。

\n

人类历史上发烧最高纪录是 46.5℃, 1980 年 7 月 10 日一 52 岁亚特兰大黑人所创造。

\n

我们不放把这个温度作为人体烧死的上限。

\n

容易计算出:

\n

人体静息功率只需要长期维持在 219W,就足以把人烤死。

\n

当然,这个数据是人体不散热的情况下。

\n

考虑到可以通过外界冷风、发汗等方式散热,人体的功率上限其实是可以非常高的,可以接近 1000W。

\n

如果用接近 0℃的高速水流进行全身冲刷,或许 2000W 都能抗住。不过考虑到,人体类似于一个圆柱体,从内到外是存在温度梯度的,内部温度过高也会死掉,大概率也抗不了大几千 W(虽然体表散热足够)。

\n
\"\"
\n

所以。还是建议不超过 200W,毕竟稍有不慎,在睡觉的时候没有创造散热条件,就直接烧死了。

\n

而 200W 对应的新陈代谢增加倍数,也才 2 倍而已。

\n

即便我们考虑到个体差异,留一点点的余量,我们基本上也可以下一个这样的结论:

\n

对于恒温动物来说,能够支持的细胞分裂增速,通常无法超过 3 倍。当变温动物从较冷温度到较高温度环境时,能够支持的细胞分裂增速远远超过恒温动物,个人推测也应该无法超过 10 倍,同样距离 100 倍甚远。

\n

加快 100 倍,还想着寿命是更长还是更短,很明显想多了呢。

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n

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", + "content": "
\"头图\"/
\n

什么?还在考虑寿命增加或缩短?

\n

体温都得超过 300℃,直接熟透了好吧。

\n

以下是分析和计算过程:

\n

一个人在静息状态下的平均功率为 100W 左右,细胞分裂速度突然加快 100 倍,意味着静息功率至少突然激增到了 10000W。

\n

要知道博尔特的瞬时最大功率也才 2000 多 W。

\n

你这一身的功率,相当于 5 个博尔特在冲刺。

\n

如果高的功率,人体温度会有多少呢?

\n

我们不放一算。

\n

根据斯特藩 - 玻尔兹曼定律:

\n

\"\"

\n

人体辐射散热为:

\n

\"\"

\n

\"\"

\n

为辐射系数,人体表面接近 1,这里取值为 1。

\n

\"\"

\n

为斯特藩 - 玻尔兹曼常量,取值

\n

\"\"

\n

。

\n

\"\"

\n

为环境温度,不妨取值 300K(26.85℃)。

\n

\"\"

\n

为人体温度,即我们需要求的值。

\n

\"\"

\n

为人体表面积。

\n
根据许文生氏公式: \"\"
\n

可得,170cm、60kg 的人,体表面积为: 1.65m^2。

\n

根据以上公式和数据,易得:

\n

人体温度

\n

\"\"

\n

为:

\n

582.32K,也即 309.17℃。

\n

这么高的温度,意味着即便人体充分发挥散热能力,降低一点点温度也是杯水车薪。

\n

所以,人很快就熟透了。

\n

这个问题下的众多答主,都忽略了一个非常严重的问题。

\n

细胞分裂速度突然加快 100 倍,意味着新陈代谢至少会加快 100 倍。

\n
    \n
  • 考虑到微环境的骤然改变,生化效率的降低,实际支撑 100 倍分裂的新陈代谢加速远远不止 100 倍。
  • \n
\n

有人不理解为什么,分裂速度加快 100 倍,新陈代谢为啥就会加快 100 倍。大家都会这么想,的确干细胞的功能谁要是分裂增值分化,但是分化后的细胞不是主要是其他功能吗?它们也不再分化,整体新陈代谢不应该会增加 100 倍啊?

\n

我这里再详细解释一下,为什么新陈代谢也会加快 100 倍。

\n

第一点,细胞分裂速度和生化效率直接相关。只有提升了干细胞的生化效率,分裂速度才能加快。干细胞的新陈代谢主要都发生在分裂上面,因此新陈代谢会提升 100 倍。

\n

第二点,细胞分裂速度加快 100 倍,人体还需要正常维持,说明细胞总量还没变话。也就是说新旧细胞也完成了 100 倍加速更替,意味着老细胞生命周期和凋亡速度也需要加快 100 倍,它们的新陈代谢速度也需要加快 100 倍。

\n

第三点,细胞分裂速度提升 100 倍,其实突破的是生化反应效率和速度(物理法则)。人体是一个体液共享的生化反应池,生化环境是一个整体,要么一增俱增,要么一减俱减少,不可能存在初始条件完全不变,只增效特定细胞生化反应的情况。

\n

第四点,除了共享生化反应池外,人体也是众多系统联合存在的。任何一种功能都是和其它功能相关联的,例如生长发育和消化、循环、呼吸、运动系统等等的正关联。生长发育相关的细胞增速 100 倍,其它系统也需要被迫增速 100 倍。

\n

很多人并没有意识到,100 倍增加有多夸张。人体细胞每天的更新率为 1%~2%,增加 100 倍,意味着更新率变成了 100%~200%,一天就会增加 1~2 个人体的更新量。即便不考虑其它能量增加,消化系统所需要的摄入量,是不是都朝着 100 倍提升了?消化系统提升了 100 倍,其它系统是不是也被迫提升 100 倍?

\n

总之,虽然题设的确只有分裂加快 100 倍,但要支撑这个复杂有机体存在,还有生命周期和凋亡速度的 100 倍,其实 100 倍新陈代谢其实都打不住。

\n

从演化的角度来说,细胞分裂速度也不可能凭空增加 100 倍。

\n

一个细胞,其实就是一个超级“工程”,仅仅一秒钟,就会发生一千万次的生化反应。

\n
\"\"
\n

生化反应的效率和速率,在不同的温度、浓度、压力、电流、催化剂条件下有所不同。但受限于不同位置不同元素最外层原子轨道(物理法则),最高上限也被死死卡死。

\n

生物演化到一颗细胞这样的复杂程度,用了多少年的时间?

\n

至少 20 亿年。

\n

42.8 亿年前,或许已有了最早的生命。但一直到 18 亿年前,才可能有了最早的真核生物。

\n

如此漫长的 20 多亿年,经过不断的淘汰迭代,只有生化效率和速率越能适应环境,才越能生存下来。

\n

当环境恶劣时(营养缺少、废物积累、环境有害),它们的生长发育和分裂繁殖都会减慢。当环境优渥时(营养丰富、废物清除、环境适宜),它们的生长发育和分裂繁殖都会加快。

\n

这一条,不仅仅是原核生物、原生生物,甚至是众多多细胞生物的生存法则。

\n

生物们不是不想凭空加快分裂繁殖,而是根本不能。

\n

唯一可能做到加快 100 倍的,只有这样的情况:

\n
    \n
  • 比原生生物(包括)更加简单的生物,通过提供无比优渥的环境,来使得原本生存在极其恶劣环境中的个体,分裂速度加快 100 倍。
  • \n
\n

而原本生存在优渥环境的简单生物,便不可能做到分裂速度加快 100 倍,因为被生化效率和速率限制得死死的。

\n

至于多细胞生物,尤其是刺胞动物之后,演化出组织、器官,甚至是系统的生物,更是根本不可能做到。

\n

生物为什么演化出器官和系统,因为对于多细胞生物来说,相同功能的细胞集中才能干“大事”,才能出效率。

\n

心脏源源不断的提供动力,负责血液循环。

\n

肺源源不断的提供新鲜氧气,并排出二氧化碳。

\n

肠胃源源不断的摄入营养。

\n

肝脏则肩负着消化、营养转化、储能、代谢、解毒等多种多样的功能。

\n

肾脏则过滤血液中的杂质、维持体液和电解质的平衡。

\n

……

\n

复杂生物的器官,同样在一次次自然选择中,越来越匹配生存效率。不说提供 100 倍,哪怕是提高 2 倍,都是在超频了。健康人的心率在 70 左右,再年轻,也就超频到 3 倍左右。

\n

100 倍,对于这些复杂器官来说,简直是过于夸张。

\n

新陈代谢提升 100 倍,意味着血液循环的效率需要提升 100 倍以上,心脏自然只能直接爆缸了。

\n

而肺泡交换氧气的效率也需要提升 100 倍,肺内部空间就那么大,再怎么优化,也不可能提升 100 倍。直接炸了,无根本做不到。

\n
\"\"
\n

人的体液、电解质、酸碱都维持着动态平衡,新陈代谢速度提升 100 倍,也意味着消化系统需要提供 100 倍的物质供应,把肠胃吃得堵死了也根本做不到。

\n

至于肝脏和肾脏,两个都是要不毒死,要不忙死。

\n

你想大脑不负责这些基础功能,除了海马体神经元也基本上不细胞分裂,能逃过一劫吧?

\n

你想多了,根本不可能。

\n

的确,大脑主要的神经元是终生制的,可惜神经元其实仅仅只是大脑细胞的少部分,多达 90%的细胞其实是是神经胶质细胞。神经胶质细胞终身具有分裂能力,原本神经胶质细胞仅仅只是自然更替,突然分裂加快 100 倍,看看这这脑瓜子还能撑到几时。

\n

我们退一万步来说,即便这些细胞足够快的凋亡,大脑也不可能平安无事。

\n

覆巢之下安有完卵。

\n

人体高功率产生的热量,就完全受不了。

\n

前文我们计算了提升 100 倍的新陈代谢率,人体温度达到夸张的 300℃以上。

\n

人类历史上发烧最高纪录是 46.5℃, 1980 年 7 月 10 日一 52 岁亚特兰大黑人所创造。

\n

我们不放把这个温度作为人体烧死的上限。

\n

容易计算出:

\n

人体静息功率只需要长期维持在 219W,就足以把人烤死。

\n

当然,这个数据是人体不散热的情况下。

\n

考虑到可以通过外界冷风、发汗等方式散热,人体的功率上限其实是可以非常高的,可以接近 1000W。

\n

如果用接近 0℃的高速水流进行全身冲刷,或许 2000W 都能抗住。不过考虑到,人体类似于一个圆柱体,从内到外是存在温度梯度的,内部温度过高也会死掉,大概率也抗不了大几千 W(虽然体表散热足够)。

\n
\"\"
\n

所以。还是建议不超过 200W,毕竟稍有不慎,在睡觉的时候没有创造散热条件,就直接烧死了。

\n

而 200W 对应的新陈代谢增加倍数,也才 2 倍而已。

\n

即便我们考虑到个体差异,留一点点的余量,我们基本上也可以下一个这样的结论:

\n

对于恒温动物来说,能够支持的细胞分裂增速,通常无法超过 3 倍。当变温动物从较冷温度到较高温度环境时,能够支持的细胞分裂增速远远超过恒温动物,个人推测也应该无法超过 10 倍,同样距离 100 倍甚远。

\n

加快 100 倍,还想着寿命是更长还是更短,很明显想多了呢。

\n
\n
\n\n\n
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\n\n
\n\n\n\n

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", + "category": "", + "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783298", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:27:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "知乎", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "0f67924161649f4078b67781b01d589f", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "明明好好休息也很快乐,为什么放假待在家不出去玩就会产生出一种「假期被荒废」的负面心理?", + "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n

因为休息已经不再是休息了,它变成了一场表演,一种投资,一个不能\"亏\"的“生意”。

\n

对,现代人最怕的就是:不知不觉\"亏大了\"。

\n

这种体验都不陌生吧:

\n

周五下班,累成狗,脑子里只有一个坚定的念头:明天非睡个天昏地暗不可,谁都别想打断我!但当你真的窝在沙发上,刷着手机,看到朋友们的精彩\"周末预告\":有人去踩点快闪,有人露营徒步,有人去看新展...

\n

一种焦虑感蹭就冒上来了:\"所有人都在过'有意义'的周末,就我在浪费时间。\"

\n
\"\"
\n

休息变成了避免\"损失感\"的竞赛

\n

这种休息焦虑,指向的是一种特别难受的损失感,但这不是现代人的专利。

\n

上世纪 50 年代,一位看起来不太合群、名叫费斯廷格的心理学家注意到一个现象:人们总是忍不住拿自己和别人比较。他跑去学校食堂蹲点,发现学生们排队打饭时会不自觉地瞄一眼别人盘子里有什么。后来他把这种现象总结为\"社会比较理论\"。

\n

但费斯廷格肯定想不到,他观察到的这种比较心理会在社交媒体时代被放大到如此可怕的地步。

\n

当所有人都在晒户外活动、旅行照片、精致生活,你会本能地产生一种\"我错过了什么\"的焦虑。每刷到一张别人的精彩假期照片,大脑就会自动计算:这本可以是我的体验,但我错过了。

\n

经济学家们管这叫\"机会成本\",但我更愿意叫它\"朋友圈剥夺感\"。

\n

\"要命的是,失去的痛苦远比得到的快乐强烈得多。\"这不是我说的,是那些研究人类非理性行为的行为经济学家发现的。他们给这种现象起了个专业名称——\"损失规避\",但放在日常生活中,就是\"怕亏\"。

\n

想想看,得到 100 块的快乐,远不如失去 100 块的痛苦强烈。这就解释了为什么\"错过一个假期体验\"的焦虑,远大于\"在家舒适休息\"的满足感。

\n

所以我们休息不再是为了恢复精力,而是为了避免落后、避免损失。

\n

那么懂这些道理,就能躲过去了吗?

\n

呵呵,天真。

\n

我前段时间熬夜写稿调模型,感冒,嗓子疼得要命,原本打算第二天就纯休息,最多补完《人生切割术》第二季一直拉下的最后两集。结果当天就看到朋友发了某个限时艺术展的照片,标注\"最后一天\"。

\n

虽然我确实对那个展很心动,但也意识到自己被“损失感”牵到鼻子了。猜猜我做了什么?明知道这是损失感在作怪,还是拖着病体去\"打卡\"了。整个过程喉咙像被火烧,展览只看了个大概,回家后病情加重(活该)。但至少,朋友在脸书上发的那篇艾特了我的 po 文,证明了我这个周末\"没有浪费\"。

\n

我们的休息被扭曲成了一场避免\"损失感\"的竞赛。这种所谓的\"没浪费\",恰恰是对休息最大的浪费。

\n

真·休息的核心要素:自主性和无目的性

\n

仔细想象,真正的问题不在于\"宅家还是出门\",而在于决策的主体是谁。

\n

是你的身体和真实需求在做决定,还是社交媒体上的隐形压力?是你真的想去,还是害怕错过?

\n

人类有三种基本心理需求:自主感、胜任感和归属感。这些\"自我决定理论\"的三角核心,其实说的是个很简单的道理:当我们的行为由内在动机驱动时,即使累也会觉得值得;而当行为由外部压力驱动时,即使表面看来很\"享受\"也会感到空虚。

\n

这就解释了一个现象:为什么有些人假期玩得\"精彩绝伦\",回来却像被榨干了一样?因为他们的休息没有自主权。

\n

哈佛的丹尼尔·吉尔伯特在他一本书中描述过做过的一个实验。他让人们预测各种经历会带给自己多少快乐,然后再追踪他们的实际感受。结果发现人们普遍高估了\"特别体验\"带来的快乐,低估了日常平静时光的价值。

\n

我们被训练去追求那些\"值得发朋友圈\"的体验,却忽略了真正让我们感到满足的可能是那些不起眼的安静时刻。

\n

划重点!真正的休息有两个核心要素:自主性和无目的性。它不是为了什么,也不是给谁看的。

\n

想想小时候在床上看漫画的感觉。没人问\"看漫画有什么价值\",没人需要把看漫画的照片发到哪里去证明什么,就那么躺着,一会翻个身,看到累了睡觉。那种纯粹的满足感,就来源于完全的自主。

\n

\"无所事事\"比你想象的重要

\n

休息本身应该无目的性,而假期就是用来享受“无所事事”的。

\n

我甚至认为,\"无所事事\"可能是人类作为高等生物最重要的能力之一。但在这个时代,这种观念必然被视为洪水猛兽。

\n

大脑里有个系统叫\"默认模式网络\"(DMN)。这名字起得不怎么样,听起来像某种软件设置。但这个系统却是我们最神奇的部分之一。

\n

神经科学家马库斯·莱希尔在 2001 年首次描述了这个网络。他原本在研究人类大脑的活跃区域,却意外发现一个奇怪现象:当受试者什么都不做、就是单纯\"放空\"时,大脑中某些区域不但没有停工,反而比平时更活跃。这些区域组成了 DMN,它负责自我参照思考、记忆整合和创造性联想——这些恰恰是创意和洞见产生的关键过程。

\n

这一发现深化我们对\"发呆\"的理解:看似无所事事的时刻,大脑实际上在进行着深层次的重要工作。

\n

2019 年另一项相关研究进一步证实,强迫人们不断保持\"高效利用时间\"的状态会显著损害创造力和问题解决能力。这解释了为什么我们最好的想法常常出现在淋浴时、散步时或者刚醒来的时候,而不是在紧张工作时。

\n

一些被公认的天才,例如爱因斯坦幻想自己骑在光束上旅行时想到了相对论,乔布斯在印度冥想时想到了简约设计理念。他们的共同点是——都允许自己\"浪费时间\"。

\n

反而并非天赋异禀的我们,连上厕所都要带着手机,生怕浪费那几分钟就错过了全世界。我们把每分每秒都塞满内容,却不明白为什么创意枯竭、思维僵化。

\n

答案也很简单:我们剥夺了大脑\"无所事事\"的权利,也就关闭了通往创造力的大门,同时,顺便关上了好好休息的那扇窗。

\n

波兰社会学家鲍曼说得透彻——当代社会把一切都变成了表演和消费,连休闲都不能幸免。我们不是在活着,而是在向别人证明我们活得\"正确\"。

\n

多荒谬啊,为了证明自己\"会休息\",反而让自己更疲惫;为了显示没有\"浪费假期\",却浪费了真正的休息机会。

\n

而这场表演到底给我们换来了什么?几个点赞?几句羡慕?还是真的让自己更快乐、更有活力了?

\n

再理性点算一下帐:到底赚了还是亏了?

\n

最后想对你说

\n

真正的休息像呼吸一样自然,不需要事先计划好每一步,不需要在社交媒体上好看,不需要讲出来显得很酷。

\n

休息的价值不在于它能被展示成什么样子,而在于你有没有确定谁是它的主人。想躺三天,就躺三天;中途无聊想出门疯一下,那就改变计划。这些都不需要向谁解释,因为这是你的时间,你的选择。

\n

最根本的是:休息是你和身体的私密对话。

\n

那些插入这段对话的外部声音——社交媒体、同事的假期炫耀、亲友的期待——都是不速之客。礼貌地请它们出去,收回对话的主导权。

\n

而休息之外,敢于在众目睽睽下“无所事事”,或许更是这个时代最稀缺的反叛之一。

\n

进入五一长假了,说这么多,就是希望你不再为\"宅在家\"感到愧疚,即使已经稍显“爹味”了。

\n

这个假期,祝大家(也包括我自己)能真正休息,而不只是假装休息。祝我们都能从允许自己\"浪费时间\"开始,找到属于自己的休息方式,无论它看起来多么不\"精彩\"。

\n

我是鸣戈,FlowTalk 的奶爸,感谢阅读。

\n
\n

没想到这篇得到这么多知友的共鸣,有点受宠若惊。

\n

这个话题的内涵有很多延伸(例如人生阶段性的时间感知、社交媒体的表演性焦虑等),附上几篇相关的联动阅读给有兴趣的朋友。也欢迎告诉我你的感受!

\n

在社交媒体时代,我们是否已经习惯了“被观察”,从而在潜意识里塑造了一个“表演版自我”?当「享受孤独」仿佛成为全民必修课,我们在逃避的本质是什么?还是在寻找更高级的共鸣?在明白什么道理后,你不再焦虑了?如何才能让一个中年人真正的快乐?长大后觉得「时间过得更快」,这种现象是自古有之?还是现代人特有的主观感受?

\n

PS:欢迎下方订阅我的专栏「鸣戈说」

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n

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https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", + "content": "
\"头图\"/
\n

因为休息已经不再是休息了,它变成了一场表演,一种投资,一个不能\"亏\"的“生意”。

\n

对,现代人最怕的就是:不知不觉\"亏大了\"。

\n

这种体验都不陌生吧:

\n

周五下班,累成狗,脑子里只有一个坚定的念头:明天非睡个天昏地暗不可,谁都别想打断我!但当你真的窝在沙发上,刷着手机,看到朋友们的精彩\"周末预告\":有人去踩点快闪,有人露营徒步,有人去看新展...

\n

一种焦虑感蹭就冒上来了:\"所有人都在过'有意义'的周末,就我在浪费时间。\"

\n
\"\"
\n

休息变成了避免\"损失感\"的竞赛

\n

这种休息焦虑,指向的是一种特别难受的损失感,但这不是现代人的专利。

\n

上世纪 50 年代,一位看起来不太合群、名叫费斯廷格的心理学家注意到一个现象:人们总是忍不住拿自己和别人比较。他跑去学校食堂蹲点,发现学生们排队打饭时会不自觉地瞄一眼别人盘子里有什么。后来他把这种现象总结为\"社会比较理论\"。

\n

但费斯廷格肯定想不到,他观察到的这种比较心理会在社交媒体时代被放大到如此可怕的地步。

\n

当所有人都在晒户外活动、旅行照片、精致生活,你会本能地产生一种\"我错过了什么\"的焦虑。每刷到一张别人的精彩假期照片,大脑就会自动计算:这本可以是我的体验,但我错过了。

\n

经济学家们管这叫\"机会成本\",但我更愿意叫它\"朋友圈剥夺感\"。

\n

\"要命的是,失去的痛苦远比得到的快乐强烈得多。\"这不是我说的,是那些研究人类非理性行为的行为经济学家发现的。他们给这种现象起了个专业名称——\"损失规避\",但放在日常生活中,就是\"怕亏\"。

\n

想想看,得到 100 块的快乐,远不如失去 100 块的痛苦强烈。这就解释了为什么\"错过一个假期体验\"的焦虑,远大于\"在家舒适休息\"的满足感。

\n

所以我们休息不再是为了恢复精力,而是为了避免落后、避免损失。

\n

那么懂这些道理,就能躲过去了吗?

\n

呵呵,天真。

\n

我前段时间熬夜写稿调模型,感冒,嗓子疼得要命,原本打算第二天就纯休息,最多补完《人生切割术》第二季一直拉下的最后两集。结果当天就看到朋友发了某个限时艺术展的照片,标注\"最后一天\"。

\n

虽然我确实对那个展很心动,但也意识到自己被“损失感”牵到鼻子了。猜猜我做了什么?明知道这是损失感在作怪,还是拖着病体去\"打卡\"了。整个过程喉咙像被火烧,展览只看了个大概,回家后病情加重(活该)。但至少,朋友在脸书上发的那篇艾特了我的 po 文,证明了我这个周末\"没有浪费\"。

\n

我们的休息被扭曲成了一场避免\"损失感\"的竞赛。这种所谓的\"没浪费\",恰恰是对休息最大的浪费。

\n

真·休息的核心要素:自主性和无目的性

\n

仔细想象,真正的问题不在于\"宅家还是出门\",而在于决策的主体是谁。

\n

是你的身体和真实需求在做决定,还是社交媒体上的隐形压力?是你真的想去,还是害怕错过?

\n

人类有三种基本心理需求:自主感、胜任感和归属感。这些\"自我决定理论\"的三角核心,其实说的是个很简单的道理:当我们的行为由内在动机驱动时,即使累也会觉得值得;而当行为由外部压力驱动时,即使表面看来很\"享受\"也会感到空虚。

\n

这就解释了一个现象:为什么有些人假期玩得\"精彩绝伦\",回来却像被榨干了一样?因为他们的休息没有自主权。

\n

哈佛的丹尼尔·吉尔伯特在他一本书中描述过做过的一个实验。他让人们预测各种经历会带给自己多少快乐,然后再追踪他们的实际感受。结果发现人们普遍高估了\"特别体验\"带来的快乐,低估了日常平静时光的价值。

\n

我们被训练去追求那些\"值得发朋友圈\"的体验,却忽略了真正让我们感到满足的可能是那些不起眼的安静时刻。

\n

划重点!真正的休息有两个核心要素:自主性和无目的性。它不是为了什么,也不是给谁看的。

\n

想想小时候在床上看漫画的感觉。没人问\"看漫画有什么价值\",没人需要把看漫画的照片发到哪里去证明什么,就那么躺着,一会翻个身,看到累了睡觉。那种纯粹的满足感,就来源于完全的自主。

\n

\"无所事事\"比你想象的重要

\n

休息本身应该无目的性,而假期就是用来享受“无所事事”的。

\n

我甚至认为,\"无所事事\"可能是人类作为高等生物最重要的能力之一。但在这个时代,这种观念必然被视为洪水猛兽。

\n

大脑里有个系统叫\"默认模式网络\"(DMN)。这名字起得不怎么样,听起来像某种软件设置。但这个系统却是我们最神奇的部分之一。

\n

神经科学家马库斯·莱希尔在 2001 年首次描述了这个网络。他原本在研究人类大脑的活跃区域,却意外发现一个奇怪现象:当受试者什么都不做、就是单纯\"放空\"时,大脑中某些区域不但没有停工,反而比平时更活跃。这些区域组成了 DMN,它负责自我参照思考、记忆整合和创造性联想——这些恰恰是创意和洞见产生的关键过程。

\n

这一发现深化我们对\"发呆\"的理解:看似无所事事的时刻,大脑实际上在进行着深层次的重要工作。

\n

2019 年另一项相关研究进一步证实,强迫人们不断保持\"高效利用时间\"的状态会显著损害创造力和问题解决能力。这解释了为什么我们最好的想法常常出现在淋浴时、散步时或者刚醒来的时候,而不是在紧张工作时。

\n

一些被公认的天才,例如爱因斯坦幻想自己骑在光束上旅行时想到了相对论,乔布斯在印度冥想时想到了简约设计理念。他们的共同点是——都允许自己\"浪费时间\"。

\n

反而并非天赋异禀的我们,连上厕所都要带着手机,生怕浪费那几分钟就错过了全世界。我们把每分每秒都塞满内容,却不明白为什么创意枯竭、思维僵化。

\n

答案也很简单:我们剥夺了大脑\"无所事事\"的权利,也就关闭了通往创造力的大门,同时,顺便关上了好好休息的那扇窗。

\n

波兰社会学家鲍曼说得透彻——当代社会把一切都变成了表演和消费,连休闲都不能幸免。我们不是在活着,而是在向别人证明我们活得\"正确\"。

\n

多荒谬啊,为了证明自己\"会休息\",反而让自己更疲惫;为了显示没有\"浪费假期\",却浪费了真正的休息机会。

\n

而这场表演到底给我们换来了什么?几个点赞?几句羡慕?还是真的让自己更快乐、更有活力了?

\n

再理性点算一下帐:到底赚了还是亏了?

\n

最后想对你说

\n

真正的休息像呼吸一样自然,不需要事先计划好每一步,不需要在社交媒体上好看,不需要讲出来显得很酷。

\n

休息的价值不在于它能被展示成什么样子,而在于你有没有确定谁是它的主人。想躺三天,就躺三天;中途无聊想出门疯一下,那就改变计划。这些都不需要向谁解释,因为这是你的时间,你的选择。

\n

最根本的是:休息是你和身体的私密对话。

\n

那些插入这段对话的外部声音——社交媒体、同事的假期炫耀、亲友的期待——都是不速之客。礼貌地请它们出去,收回对话的主导权。

\n

而休息之外,敢于在众目睽睽下“无所事事”,或许更是这个时代最稀缺的反叛之一。

\n

进入五一长假了,说这么多,就是希望你不再为\"宅在家\"感到愧疚,即使已经稍显“爹味”了。

\n

这个假期,祝大家(也包括我自己)能真正休息,而不只是假装休息。祝我们都能从允许自己\"浪费时间\"开始,找到属于自己的休息方式,无论它看起来多么不\"精彩\"。

\n

我是鸣戈,FlowTalk 的奶爸,感谢阅读。

\n
\n

没想到这篇得到这么多知友的共鸣,有点受宠若惊。

\n

这个话题的内涵有很多延伸(例如人生阶段性的时间感知、社交媒体的表演性焦虑等),附上几篇相关的联动阅读给有兴趣的朋友。也欢迎告诉我你的感受!

\n

在社交媒体时代,我们是否已经习惯了“被观察”,从而在潜意识里塑造了一个“表演版自我”?当「享受孤独」仿佛成为全民必修课,我们在逃避的本质是什么?还是在寻找更高级的共鸣?在明白什么道理后,你不再焦虑了?如何才能让一个中年人真正的快乐?长大后觉得「时间过得更快」,这种现象是自古有之?还是现代人特有的主观感受?

\n

PS:欢迎下方订阅我的专栏「鸣戈说」

\n
\n
\n\n\n
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\n\n
\n\n\n\n

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", + "category": "", + "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783301", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:27:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "知乎", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "3e62016ababca0b5e0a8147396f1c7c1", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "为什么我们的大脑会「自动筛选」信息?选择性注意效应的本质是什么?", + "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n

在「同时处理多个任务」对大脑来说难在哪里?中,我解释了关于注意力的基本概念和原理,这一系列的内容可以更简化的解释:

\n

大脑区域的任务特异化分工

\n

这一点可能大家多少有所耳闻。比如大脑的有负责听觉的区域,负责视觉的区域[1] 以及 负责嗅觉的区域。通常意义上,这些功能区域内部又构成一定的拓扑结构,越底层的结果功能越单一,处理的信号内容越特异化,而越高层的结构,处理的信号越多样化且复杂,而功能越多样化。

\n

典型地,基础视觉区域 V1 的功能较为简单,它处理完信号之后按照视觉皮层拓扑结构再传递给更高层级的脑区,以处理更复杂的信号。

\n
\"\"
\n

随着视觉信号数据传到更高层级的区域(V4,MT 等),信号本身表现的越来越复杂[2],同时这些区域自身还能处理非视觉信号。对应地,V1 区域则相对较少处理其他类型的信号。

\n

大脑的任务特异化和状态固化

\n

大脑的每个区域都会优先处理各自对应类型的信号,同时都在争夺处理信号的资源(血流、血氧、能量供给等),如果不加控制,大脑内部必然乱作一团。

\n

大脑内部调控资源机制为 执行控制信号(Executive control signals)[3]. 每当大脑决定做一项任务时,执行控制信号会发出,对应的大脑区域被优先分配资源,而其他区域则被压制,这一状态在任务的整个阶段都被执行控制信号维持住。这类似于对计算机编程,配置好之后的人脑为任务做好了准备,并在一定时间内,处理任务的过程中能不断的优化配置,使得对该任务的处理效率不断提高。

\n

在维持过程中,我们可以通过各种设备观察到大脑内部的不同区域构成一个协同处理任务的子网络,并处于活跃状态[4], 这本质上是注意力控制系统在起作用。

\n

因为任务相关区域的活跃和其他区域的被压制,在可感知的意识范围之内,任务相关的信息占比会大幅度的提高,而其他信息的占比则接近消失。

\n

这在感知上表现为对信息的筛选,实际上是大脑决定做某件事之后自然发生的结果,并非我们自主决定和执行了对信息的“筛选”。相反,如果我们有意识的进行对信息的筛选,会因为这套调控机制而放大想要筛选的信号在认知中的比例而起到相反的效果。

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异常状态

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在执行控制信号不能有效作用的时候,我们的认知(包括注意力)就会异常。

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比如睡眠态,这套系统完全不起作用,大脑内各个区域的信号几乎平等的争夺已经被降低的资源并发出自己的信号。由于注意力调控完全不起作用,这些各种各样的信号会平等的进入到残存的意识从而形成梦境。所以梦境会表现为内容特别丰富,但这些内容又难以形成连续且合乎逻辑的故事,总是被新的内容信号打断而发展到完全意外的路线上。

\n

对于神经系统异常的人,比如抑郁症、多动症,或者过于疲劳等,要么执行控制信号本身就有问题,要么执行控制信号想要控制的对象区域有问题,从而让注意力表现异常,无法有效筛选信息[5]。

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查看知乎讨论
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\n\n\n\n", + "content": "
\"头图\"/
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在「同时处理多个任务」对大脑来说难在哪里?中,我解释了关于注意力的基本概念和原理,这一系列的内容可以更简化的解释:

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大脑区域的任务特异化分工

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这一点可能大家多少有所耳闻。比如大脑的有负责听觉的区域,负责视觉的区域[1] 以及 负责嗅觉的区域。通常意义上,这些功能区域内部又构成一定的拓扑结构,越底层的结果功能越单一,处理的信号内容越特异化,而越高层的结构,处理的信号越多样化且复杂,而功能越多样化。

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典型地,基础视觉区域 V1 的功能较为简单,它处理完信号之后按照视觉皮层拓扑结构再传递给更高层级的脑区,以处理更复杂的信号。

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随着视觉信号数据传到更高层级的区域(V4,MT 等),信号本身表现的越来越复杂[2],同时这些区域自身还能处理非视觉信号。对应地,V1 区域则相对较少处理其他类型的信号。

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大脑的任务特异化和状态固化

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大脑的每个区域都会优先处理各自对应类型的信号,同时都在争夺处理信号的资源(血流、血氧、能量供给等),如果不加控制,大脑内部必然乱作一团。

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大脑内部调控资源机制为 执行控制信号(Executive control signals)[3]. 每当大脑决定做一项任务时,执行控制信号会发出,对应的大脑区域被优先分配资源,而其他区域则被压制,这一状态在任务的整个阶段都被执行控制信号维持住。这类似于对计算机编程,配置好之后的人脑为任务做好了准备,并在一定时间内,处理任务的过程中能不断的优化配置,使得对该任务的处理效率不断提高。

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在维持过程中,我们可以通过各种设备观察到大脑内部的不同区域构成一个协同处理任务的子网络,并处于活跃状态[4], 这本质上是注意力控制系统在起作用。

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因为任务相关区域的活跃和其他区域的被压制,在可感知的意识范围之内,任务相关的信息占比会大幅度的提高,而其他信息的占比则接近消失。

\n

这在感知上表现为对信息的筛选,实际上是大脑决定做某件事之后自然发生的结果,并非我们自主决定和执行了对信息的“筛选”。相反,如果我们有意识的进行对信息的筛选,会因为这套调控机制而放大想要筛选的信号在认知中的比例而起到相反的效果。

\n

异常状态

\n

在执行控制信号不能有效作用的时候,我们的认知(包括注意力)就会异常。

\n

比如睡眠态,这套系统完全不起作用,大脑内各个区域的信号几乎平等的争夺已经被降低的资源并发出自己的信号。由于注意力调控完全不起作用,这些各种各样的信号会平等的进入到残存的意识从而形成梦境。所以梦境会表现为内容特别丰富,但这些内容又难以形成连续且合乎逻辑的故事,总是被新的内容信号打断而发展到完全意外的路线上。

\n

对于神经系统异常的人,比如抑郁症、多动症,或者过于疲劳等,要么执行控制信号本身就有问题,要么执行控制信号想要控制的对象区域有问题,从而让注意力表现异常,无法有效筛选信息[5]。

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查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", + "category": "", + "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783302", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:27:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "知乎", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "41e00f305ef810257aee22f658638d85", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "假如把一只成年湾鳄丢到太平洋中央,它生存下来的几率大吗?", + "description": "
\"头图\"/
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你其实是问它会不会淹死,饿死,咸死,被咬死。

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我造了什么孽,要把我扔到太平洋中央
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更新:文末增加人类野外游泳记录,同时探讨生理表现和限制,供大家作为对比。

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很多知友十分关心不同动物的游泳表现,我选取了其中一些有代表性的进行了全面比较。放在正文会变得十分冗长,作为延伸阅读附在文末。

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把一只成年湾鳄投放到太平洋中央,就相当于把一个人丢到撒哈拉沙漠的中心地带——要吃的没吃的,环境条件极不适合生存,而且最要命的是四周都是一望无际的相同景象,完全无法判断方向。

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让我们用数据来分析这个问题。太平洋中央距离最近的陆地通常超过 2000 公里。即使是体力充沛的成年湾鳄,其游泳速度一般为每小时 2-3 公里,在理想状态下不眠不休地游泳,也需要近一个月才能到达陆地。但这种计算忽略了一个关键问题:能量消耗。

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根据爬行动物生理学研究,咸水湾鳄在静止漂浮状态下的基础代谢极低,仅为体表面积所决定的热耗率的 1/5 到 1/10。实验数据显示,一只约 200 kg 的鳄鱼静止时代谢功率仅约为 50–70 W(即每小时消耗 43–60 kcal),这是典型的节能状态。而当其进入持续游泳模式时,功率可上升至 400 W 左右,相当于每小时约 344 kcal。

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若按体重代谢的 0.75 次幂规律推算,一只体重约 500 kg 的雄性湾鳄在持续游泳时的功率约为 800–850 W,即每日能量消耗约为 16,000–20,000 kcal。这一水平虽远低于同体重的哺乳动物,但相比其静息状态,能耗已增长十余倍。例如,成年男性人类在自由泳中平均输出功率为 200–400 W(相当于 170–340 kcal/h),而马或狮子在剧烈奔跑时可达到 1000–1500 W,但难以长时间维持。

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此外,湾鳄的脂肪储备远不如哺乳动物,通常仅占体重的 5%–8%,即 25–40 kg 脂肪,总能量相当于 225,000–360,000 kcal(按 9 kcal/g 计算)。在上述高强度游动下,这些脂肪最多只能支持 13–22 天,前提是完全禁食、无任何进食补给、恒定环境下持续运动。这一“燃料极限”远比人类、狮子或海洋哺乳类(如海豹、海狮)短,后者拥有更厚的脂肪层与灵活的摄食策略。

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因此,虽然湾鳄在能效控制方面极其出色,但在高强度长途迁移中若无法及时捕食,其生理耐受极限远比外表“耐饿”的印象要脆弱得多。

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而且实际情况比这个还要严峻得多。

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太平洋中央的表层水温通常在 20-25°C,而湾鳄的最适温度是 28-33°C。作为变温动物,低温会导致其代谢率下降约 30-40%,游泳效率也相应降低。更要命的是,湾鳄必须不断游动才能保持在水面呼吸,这种被动的持续运动会加速体力消耗。

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此外,湾鳄若长时间在海水中活动,尽管具备舌腺排盐功能,但其效率有限,若无法定期返回淡水环境排盐,将面临脱水与电解质失衡的风险,严重时可导致肾功能障碍甚至死亡。

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在体型对比上,湾鳄在海洋中毫无优势可言。成年雄性湾鳄平均体长 4-5 米,体重 300-500 公斤,最大个体可达 7 米、1000 公斤。但在深海中,大白鲨体长可达 6 米,体重超过 2 吨;虎鲨体长 5-6 米,体重可达 900 公斤;而虎鲸更是体长 8-10 米,体重 6-9 吨的庞然大物。更关键的是,这些海洋掠食者都是完全适应深海环境的,拥有流线型身体和强大的游泳能力。

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虎鲨有强大的咬合力和强壮锋利的牙齿
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海龟整个后面都被咬烂了,不存在破不了湾鳄的防
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湾鳄在浅水区的优势——强大的咬合力(可达 3700 磅 / 平方英寸)、爆发式的死亡翻滚、坚固的骨板保护,在深海环境中都大打折扣。它无法像在浅水区那样利用水底支撑进行爆发攻击,也无法快速潜入水底躲避。相反,体力逐渐耗尽的湾鳄游泳速度会从每小时 3 公里降到 1 公里以下,而大白鲨的巡航速度是每小时 40 公里,爆发速度可达每小时 56 公里。

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鲨鱼确实会吃鳄鱼
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相反的例子。近海尤其是体型优势下,还是湾鳄占优势
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食物获取更是几乎不可能完成的任务。太平洋中央属于海洋荒漠区,初级生产力极低,每平方米每天的浮游植物生产量仅为 0.1-0.2 克碳。这意味着整个食物链的生物量都极其稀少。湾鳄在近海一天可能捕食 10-20 公斤的鱼类,但在深海可能几天都遇不到一条合适的猎物。

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咬合力再强没有鱼也是白给
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历史上确实有湾鳄长距离迁徙的记录。最著名的案例是 2010 年,一只装有卫星追踪器的雄性湾鳄在 25 天内游了 590 公里,从澳大利亚北部海岸游到了另一个河口。但请注意,这是沿着海岸线游泳,期间可以在多个岛屿和浅滩休息进食。这与在太平洋中央的情况完全不同——那里最近的陆地在 2000 公里之外,中间没有任何休息点。

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综合计算,一只被投放到太平洋中央的成年湾鳄,在尽量节省体力利用洋流漂浮的前提下,其脂肪储备最多只能支撑 20-25 天。而在这期间,它游泳的距离不会超过 1500 公里,还不到最近陆地距离的四分之三。更可能的情况是,在体力耗尽之前,它就已经成为虎鲨或大白鲨的猎物了。

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当然有一种可能,湾鳄运气爆棚,遇到了死亡漂浮的鲸鱼尸体饱餐一顿。补充了够消耗几个月的巨量蛋白质。

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然后正好遇到一阵海风,美美睡一觉漂到了附近岛屿。

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延伸阅读:

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从湾鳄到金枪鱼,动物游泳能力与能量效率的极限对比。

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不同动物在水中的游泳能力与能量效率体现了演化适应性的巨大差异。从人类、爬行动物、海龟,到鲸豚类和远洋鱼类,它们在单位体重单位距离上所需的能量消耗差距可达数十倍。

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自由泳是人类最节能高效的泳姿,单位能耗最低,适合长距离推进。
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以人类为例,在自由泳状态下的巡航速度约为 1.0 米每秒(即 3.6 公里每小时),单位质量单位距离的能量消耗约为 3000 焦耳每千克每公里,总能耗为 21 万焦耳,折合 50 千卡,平均功率约 210 瓦,属于效率偏低的“非水生动物”水平。

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相比之下,体重 500 千克的湾鳄虽然能够在水中伏击猎物,但其正常巡航速度约为 0.7 米每秒(2.5 公里每小时),持续游泳时的功率为 800–850 W,折合每公里能量消耗约为 144–150 万焦耳(约 344–358 千卡)。虽然湾鳄作为变温动物代谢率相对较低,但其身体构造并非为长时间持续游泳而优化,因此在大范围水域中的能效表现远逊于真正的海洋动物。

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值得注意的是,鳄鱼在水中的捕猎爆发速度与其长距离巡航能力完全不同。湾鳄在伏击猎物时可瞬间加速至每秒 4 至 5 米(14 至 18 公里每小时),但这类冲刺依赖瞬时的无氧代谢,仅能维持数秒,远不能支持长时间推进。其心肺容量、血氧携带能力和能量储备均不具备维持高速持续游泳的条件。此外,鳄鱼由于仍需兼顾陆地活动,其体形结构未经过水中长期演化的优化。相比之下,鲸类、鲨鱼等海洋动物拥有流线型外形、减阻皮肤和专业推进系统,使得它们在巡航效率和能量利用方面大幅领先。鳄鱼厚重的躯干、粗糙的鳞甲和以陆行为基础的四肢形态,在深远水域中反而构成了明显的阻力与负担。

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绿海龟虽名为“绿”,但背甲常呈红棕色,这是因其角质鳞片中含有多种色素,加上藻类附着和地理变异所致。其“绿色”实指体内脂肪因摄食海草富含叶绿素而呈绿色,而非外表颜色。
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绿海龟虽然也是空气呼吸的爬行动物,但由于其流线型身体和鳍状肢更适合长时间水中推进,表现明显优于鳄鱼。其单位能耗约为 2000 焦耳每千克每公里,体重 100 千克的个体每公里总耗能约 20 万焦耳,折合 48 千卡,平均功率约为 140 瓦。

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研究发现,部分绿海龟个体会在繁殖季节从日本南部沿岸游至南太平洋的马绍尔群岛,单程距离超过 7000 公里,历时数月才能抵达目的地。绿海龟具有惊人的\"出生地回归\"(natal homing)能力——它们在性成熟后(通常需要 20-30 年)会返回自己出生的海滩产卵。幼龟孵化后会立即爬向大海,然后进入被称为\"失踪岁月\"的阶段,在开阔洋面随洋流漂流数年,期间依靠马尾藻等漂浮物提供的庇护和食物生存。在这个阶段,大量幼龟会被海鸟、大型鱼类等捕食者吃掉,存活率极低。只有少数幸存者能够逐渐成长,最终发展出强大的游泳能力,完成跨洋迁徙。这种精确而持久的定向迁徙能力依赖其对地磁场的感知、太阳定位和洋流导航的综合机制。尽管绿海龟的游速不高,约为每小时 2 至 3 公里,但其在食物匮乏、无补给的广阔洋面中仍能维持能量平衡,展现了极高的水中推进效率和适应性。

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样子太猥琐了,数据再好看也难受欢迎
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海洋哺乳动物如象海豹在长期迁徙中的表现极为优异。体重达 2 吨的象海豹巡航速度为 1.0 米每秒(3.6 公里每小时),单位能耗约为 1000 焦耳每千克每公里,每公里总耗能 200 万焦耳,折合 478 千卡,平均功率 2000 瓦,能在一个潜水周期中维持几十分钟的稳定推进。

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象海豹的远洋迁徙能力令人震撼——北象海豹每年进行两次大规模洄游,雄性个体可从加州繁殖地出发,向北游至阿拉斯加湾觅食,往返距离超过 2.1 万公里,在海上连续停留长达 8 个月而不上岸。雌性则倾向于向西北太平洋深海区域迁徙,单程可达 5000 公里。更惊人的是它们的深潜能力:象海豹平均潜水深度为 500-600 米,最深记录达 2388 米,单次潜水时长可达 120 分钟,一天之内潜水时间占比高达 90%。在迁徙过程中,象海豹采用\"漂移潜水\"策略——下潜至 600-800 米深度后关闭主动推进,利用体内脂肪的正浮力缓慢上升,期间进入半睡眠状态以极度节省能量。这种独特的\"水下睡眠\"使它们能够在完全不上岸的情况下,维持数月的远洋生活。卫星追踪数据显示,一些个体在 8 个月的觅食期内游程超过 1.8 万公里,日均移动 80 公里,展现了惊人的耐力。

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更小型的海豚(200 千克)在 2.0 米每秒(7.2 公里每小时)的速度下,单位能耗约为 800 焦耳每千克每公里,每公里总耗能为 16 万焦耳(38 千卡),平均功率为 320 瓦,效率远胜多数非哺乳类水生动物。

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海豚还进化出了多种行为策略来进一步优化能效。在集体游泳时,海豚会采用梯队编队,后方个体可以利用前方同伴产生的涡流和压力波,减少约 10-15%的能量消耗,类似于自行车比赛中的\"破风\"效应。当速度超过每秒 4-5 米时,海豚会采用\"跃水前进\"(porpoising)的方式——周期性跃出水面在空中滑翔。由于空气密度仅为水的 1/800,这种策略在高速移动时可显著降低总体阻力。研究表明,在每小时 25 公里以上的速度下,跃水前进比持续潜游可节省高达 30%的能量。这些精妙的行为适应,配合其流线型身体和高效的尾鳍推进系统,使海豚成为海洋中最高效的游泳者之一。

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鲸类中如抹香鲸,尽管体重高达 30 吨,但由于使用升力推进并具备高度组织化的代谢控制,其单位能耗控制在 600 焦耳每千克每公里,巡航速度约为 1.4 米每秒(5 公里每小时)时,总功率维持在约 2.5 万瓦级别,展现了大型哺乳动物在能量调控上的极限优势。

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在鱼类中,金枪鱼,鲨鱼是能效最高的游泳者。体重 200 千克的金枪鱼可维持 2.5 米每秒(9 公里每小时)的速度,单位能耗约 400 焦耳每千克每公里,每公里总耗能 8 万焦耳(19 千卡),平均功率 200 瓦,推进效率极高。而大白鲨(1000 千克)巡航速度约 1.8 米每秒(6.5 公里每小时),单位能耗约为 500 焦耳每千克每公里,每公里总耗能 50 万焦耳(119 千卡),功率为 900 瓦,属于高效的远洋掠食者。

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金枪鱼是海洋中最具远洋迁徙能力的硬骨鱼类之一,其高速与耐力兼备的特性使其能在全球范围内穿梭。以蓝鳍金枪鱼为例,个体在短短几个月内可完成从日本海域至加利福尼亚沿岸的横跨太平洋之旅,单程超过 8000 公里。标记追踪数据显示,部分金枪鱼个体年迁徙总距离甚至可突破 2 万公里,期间多次穿越赤道、洋流与温跃层。金枪鱼具备高效的“恒温机制”,能将肌肉维持在较环境温度更高的状态,从而保持高代谢率和持续高速游泳能力。此外,其镰刀状尾鳍和刚性身体结构极度优化了推进效率,使其在高达每小时 70 公里的爆发速度之外,也能以每秒 2–3 米的速度长时间巡航。这种卓越的迁徙能力使金枪鱼在能量效率和海洋扩散能力上远超大多数鱼类和哺乳动物。

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大白鲨不仅是海洋顶级掠食者,其远洋迁徙能力也同样令人惊叹。标记研究表明,个体可在短时间内完成跨洋移动,2004 年一项追踪数据显示,一只成年雌性大白鲨从南非出发,穿越整个印度洋,到达澳大利亚西海岸,仅用 99 天游完超过 1.1 万公里,平均每天游程超过 110 公里。另一项研究则发现,美国加州附近的大白鲨每年会前往被称为“白鲨咖啡馆”的中太平洋深海区域,并在繁殖季后返回,来回航程超过 7000 公里。大白鲨通过强大的尾鳍推进和高效的红肌系统,实现了稳定的远洋巡航,其平均速度约为每小时 5 至 6 公里,短时间内甚至能加速至 40 公里每小时以上。其特殊的局部恒温机制和良好的水动力学结构,使其成为极少数能在全球大洋中长距离洄游的鲨鱼物种之一。

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最后,还有短距离速度最快也是很多人喜欢的剑鱼类。

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剑鱼(Xiphias gladius)是典型的远洋性掠食者,具备强大的迁徙能力与卓越的环境适应性。追踪研究表明,个体剑鱼可在 620 天内迁徙超过 14,000 公里,日均净位移超过 60 公里,常穿越加州寒流系统、墨西哥沿岸甚至更远的东太平洋热带水域。剑鱼的典型巡航速度为每秒 0.8 至 1.2 米(约 2.9 至 4.3 公里每小时),可在数日甚至数周内维持这种低速推进完成跨区域迁徙。它们常通过“停留–突进–停留”的方式调整节律,结合高频潜水行为,有效适应不同深度和温度的水层环境。尽管如此,这种巡航策略偏向节能与等待伏击,不属于高速高频率推进的类型。

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相比之下,金枪鱼,尤其是黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)与蓝鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus orientalis),展现出更高效、更持续的巡航能力。它们拥有区域性温血系统,能主动维持肌肉温度高于周围海水,从而维持红肌活性与高速代谢,在体能恢复与长距离推进方面远超冷血鱼类。金枪鱼的巡航速度常维持在 1.5 至 2.5 米每秒(5.4 至 9 公里每小时),远高于剑鱼;其尾柄结构刚性极强、鳍可收纳进体侧、体型更为流线,推动效率极高。此外,金枪鱼常以几百到上千公里的直线方式推进,迁徙路径清晰而迅速,展示出典型的“高速远洋巡航选手”特征。因此,尽管剑鱼具备强大的爆发力与广域分布能力,但在长距离迁徙的速度与效率方面,仍明显逊于金枪鱼这样的远洋高速掠食者。

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从整体趋势来看,不同动物在水中的能量效率构成了一个清晰的适应梯度:从能效最高的远洋鱼类如金枪鱼(单位能耗 400 J/kg/km),到高效的小型鲸类(海豚为 800)、大型哺乳动物(象海豹为 1000),再到适应性稍弱的海龟(2000),最后是效率最低的人类与湾鳄(均高于 2500),这一梯度直接反映了它们对水生环境的演化适应水平。

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对于湾鳄而言,尽管拥有惊人的爆发力和耐盐能力,但面对深海这种需要长时间稳定推进的环境,其能量结构和体能仍显得极不经济。

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另外再附上一张图:

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表中数据来源于多项实验室流水槽测试(例如 Brett and Glass, 1973;Fish, 1998),所使用的临界游泳速度(U₍crit₎)指标反映的是动物在逐步递增流速下所能维持的最高稳定推进速度,常用于评估其长时间抗疲劳游动能力。

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正文里我给出 2.5m/ 秒,已经尽量高估湾鳄的巡航游泳速度了。该实验中湾鳄体长较小,最大 97.9cm。成年湾鳄主要是力量和爆发力大幅增长,实际长距离游泳能力增加并不大。

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湾鳄(Crocodylus porosus)的 U₍crit₎为 0.5–0.7 体长每秒,绝对速度为 25.6–50.6 厘米每秒(即 0.26–0.51 米 / 秒,0.9–1.8 公里 / 小时),属所有测试物种中最低水平,反映其主要依赖爆发力而非持续推进。

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相比之下,虎鲸(Orcinus orca)的 U₍crit₎为 1.5 体长 / 秒,绝对速度达到 7.91 米 / 秒(28.5 公里 / 小时),表现出海洋哺乳类极高的推进效率与耐力。

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虎鲸数据过于强悍,考虑它的体型,等于是海洋中的 bug。基本是神挡杀神,佛挡杀佛。

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湾鳄在大洋要是遇到,只要虎鲸想吃,绝对打不过逃不了。

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把虎鲸放进去别的动物没法玩了,理论上表里面全部都在它食谱上
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另外表中伪虎鲸的数据也很强悍。仅仅稍弱于虎鲸。

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伪虎鲸(Pseudorca crassidens)体长一般为 4.5~6 米,体重可达 1.2~2.2 吨,是体型仅次于虎鲸的大型高速海豚之一。

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虽然名字中带“虎鲸”,但实际上与虎鲸属于不同属。伪虎鲸具备惊人的游泳能力,稳定巡航速度高达每秒 3.7 至 5.1 米(13 至 18 公里每小时),爆发时甚至更快,使其能够在开阔海域追击高速猎物。

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它们不仅以乌贼、章鱼为食,更被多次观察到集体猎捕金枪鱼、箭鱼等远洋高速鱼类,展现出卓越的力量、耐力和协同能力。这种能力不仅反映了其流线型体型和强劲推进肌群的高效率,也表明它在远洋生态系统中是一个真正意义上的高速掠食者。

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伪虎鲸吃亏在名字上,有种冒牌货的即视感,实际战力很强
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而斑马鱼(Danio rerio)虽体长仅 4.4 厘米,但其 U₍crit₎高达 15.5 体长 / 秒,绝对速度为 0.56 米 / 秒(2.0 公里 / 小时)*,显示出小型硬骨鱼类在短距离持续推进中的惊人效率。

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* 尽管绝对速度并不高,但因其体型极小,相对速度在所有物种中最高。

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它们之间的差异不仅体现出体型与代谢策略的不同,也反映了水生适应度在形态与能量调控机制上的演化差异。

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在水的边界:人类野外游泳能力的极限挑战

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人类虽然不是天生的水生动物,但在特定条件下展现出了惊人的野外游泳能力。

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从体能、意志、技巧和后勤支持等多方面配合之下,一些人完成了长距离开放水域游泳的壮举,刷新了关于人类生理极限的认知。然而,这种能力存在着明确的物理和生理边界,特别是在低温、洋流、缺乏补给或极端心理压力的情况下,人的表现会迅速下降,甚至危及生命。

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在有组织、有后勤保障的条件下,人类的野外游泳能力已经达到了惊人的程度。

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2007 年,斯洛文尼亚游泳家马丁·斯特雷尔(Martin Strel)在 66 天内横渡了亚马逊河,总长度达 5268 公里,平均每日游约 80 公里,期间依靠船只补给和医疗团队的支持。

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他每天游约 10 小时,并面临水中生物、污染、高温湿热等问题。

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这项壮举是目前人类已知最长的连续远距离游泳记录,也是对耐力、生理调节与心理意志的极限挑战。

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他的心率与血压全天监测,同时医生需要定期评估他的皮肤状况、肌肉状态与脱水风险。类似的纪录还有萨拉·托马斯(Sarah Thomas)于 2019 年完成的英吉利海峡四次往返,总长 215 公里,历时 54 小时,她在癌症治疗后完成该挑战,展现了人类意志和恢复能力的极限。

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她曾罹患第二期三阴性乳腺癌,在完成化疗和乳房切除手术后不久便完成了英吉利海峡四次往返的壮举。
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从游泳速度来看,普通自由泳者在平静水域中的巡航速度约为每秒 1.0 至 1.5 米。专业选手可稳定维持在 1.6 至 1.7 米每秒的速度,短距离爆发力更高,但不适用于超长距离游泳。

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2017 年研究指出,顶级开放水域游泳运动员在比赛中可维持约 VO₂max 的 80%至 90%,乳酸阈值可达 3.5 至 4.0 mmol/L,最大有氧速度(MAS)在 1.7 m/s 左右。这些指标说明了他们具备较高的有氧能力与乳酸清除效率,适合长时间保持高强度运动状态。在 2024 年一项对法国国家队精英选手的研究中,VO₂max 平均为 70.8 ml/kg/min,心率峰值约 190 次每分钟,运动时乳酸峰值可达 9.1 mmol/L。他们可在 17°C 的水温中维持长时间运动,有些选手甚至在水温 10°C 的条件下表现出体温平衡的能力。

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然而,人类并非水生动物,生理结构在水中并不具备显著优势。水的热传导效率约为空气的 25 倍,因此在水温低于 35°C 时人体便开始散热。在 25°C 以下的水温中,游泳反而会加速体温的下降。多数开放水域赛事规定 14°C 以下必须穿防寒衣,在 11°C 以下不推荐举行比赛。在 10°C 至 15°C 之间,人进入水中会产生典型的“冷休克反应”*,包括突然喘气、心率激增、无法自主呼吸等,这些反应在前 30 秒最为剧烈,是非训练人群最危险的阶段。即使顶级选手,若未进行低温适应训练,也会在短时间内失去节奏与控制能力。

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北欧地区有冬泳传统,活动时有严格的健康检查和完善的现场保护。
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* 尽管许多冬泳者能在低于 10°C 的水温中活动数分钟,看似并未出现严重的“冷休克反应”,但这实际上是长期适应训练的结果,而非生理反应的缺失。然而,冬泳的潜在风险常被公众忽视甚至美化。冷水会引发强烈的交感神经兴奋,导致心率骤增、血压升高,对于心血管疾病患者极为危险。每年全球各地都有因冬泳突发昏厥、心律失常甚至死亡的案例,尤其在老年人群体中尤为明显。相比之下,专业野外冷水游泳对身体状况、心理控制与后勤支持的要求更为严苛,而冬泳作为一种短时、可控的冷水暴露方式,常被误解为“人人可行”的健康行为,其背后的生理风险往往被严重低估。

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对比冷水,热水同样存在生理风险。当水温高于 31°C 时,人体会因为外部辐射(如阳光照射)叠加导致热负荷增加。在高温水体中,汗液无法蒸发,皮肤血流量剧增,造成心血管系统压力上升。如果再叠加脱水与高强度运动,容易导致核心温度升高至 39.5°C 以上,进而出现热衰竭或热射病。在 2010 年代中后期的国际铁人三项比赛中,已有多起选手在高温水域中昏厥或出现热射病的案例。

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另一个常被忽视的生理极限是体位转换引发的低血压。在冷水或长时间运动中,血液集中在核心与脑部,站立上岸时由于失去水的浮力支持与冷缩反应的中止,容易发生晕厥。这种现象在超长距离游泳后期较为常见,尤其是当选手脱下防寒服、快速走动时,最容易出现头晕或意识短暂丧失。

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除体温调节外,能量供应是限制人类游泳距离的重要因素。

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以游泳每小时消耗 500 至 900 千卡计算,若连续游泳 10 小时将消耗约 5000 至 9000 千卡。而人体的糖原储备仅能维持 1.5 至 2 小时的中等强度运动,之后必须依赖脂肪供能或外部补给。在马丁·斯特雷尔的亚马逊长游中,他每日摄入高达 12000 千卡 *,包括高脂肪、高蛋白与液态碳水化合物,以维持能量与电解质平衡。

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*12000 千卡是一个令人震撼的能量摄入量,相当于需要消耗约 10.4 公斤熟米饭、77 个鸡蛋、4.8 公斤瘦牛肉,或者一整条 15 公斤的金枪鱼的可食部分。这个数字也可以理解为 6 公斤三文鱼、8 公斤高脂带鱼,或三至四条鲤鱼的总热量。如果用日常食物组合来衡量,这相当于 3 公斤米饭加 1 公斤牛肉加 20 个鸡蛋再加大量油脂的总和,基本等于一个成年人正常 3 至 4 天的全部食物摄入量被压缩到一天之内完成消耗。这样的数字清楚地解释了为什么马丁·斯特雷尔在亚马逊长游中必须依赖专业营养团队和定制的液态高能食品,因为普通固体食物不仅能量密度低,更难在运动中被及时吸收,更何况高强度游泳本身就会抑制胃肠功能,使进食变得异常困难。

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这也进一步说明了后勤的不可替代性,野生海洋哺乳动物和鱼类在迁徙的时候,绝对不可能有这样的保障。必须自己捕食补充体力或者依赖自身储备的脂肪,也就不可能像人类一般按照完全理想化的速度迁徙。必须不停中断,捕食休息等等。所以实际表现出来的平均速度要比想象的慢很多。

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若没有补给,人体在长时间游泳中会迅速陷入低血糖状态,出现注意力下降、肌肉无力甚至昏迷。

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精神层面同样是不可忽视的因素。孤独、单调、缺乏刺激的水面环境容易造成感知失调与方向迷失,严重时会出现“水中幻觉”与妄想。在英吉利海峡与古巴 - 佛州横渡中,多位游泳者曾报告夜间幻听、看见幻象、方向丧失等现象。尤其是在夜间或大雾天气,缺乏可见参照物会导致选手产生“原地打转”或“水中无底洞”的感受 *。心理压力叠加生理疲劳,往往是失败的主要原因。

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* 没有先天原生的根据地磁,太阳等的导航能力,是包括人类,湾鳄在内,真正面对开放水域的致命弱点之一。

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另一方面,海洋环境的不确定性也为人类野外游泳能力设置了极限。洋流、水母、鲨鱼、污染、浪涌等均可能导致挑战失败或生命危险。

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致命的僧帽水母 The Deadly Portuguese Man O'War,触手最长可达 50 米,其毒素可引发剧烈疼痛、过敏性休克甚至二次接触致命。
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箱形水母(Chironex fleckeri)是太平洋西南部最致命的水母之一,其毒液可在数分钟内引发心脏骤停,触手接触皮肤则留下剧痛的鞭痕状伤疤。
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在某些挑战中,如横渡夏威夷莫洛凯海峡或日本津轻海峡,游泳者需面对高达 2 米的浪与不可预测的洋流,每小时能将人拉离预定航道数公里。许多纪录挑战失败并非源于体能或意志,而是因气象突变、水流变化等自然因素。即使像斯特雷尔这样的长泳者也因水母蛰伤、强流或皮肤严重发炎被迫中断部分旅程。

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人类能否依靠自身完全在海洋中生存?答案是否定的。尽管人在有保障的情况下可游数百公里,但完全依靠体力与水中食物的情况下,维持超过两天的高强度游泳几乎不可能实现。水中无法快速取食、睡眠难以维持,极易脱水与体温下降。此外,海水中的盐分摄入会引发胃肠不适与电解质紊乱,加剧体力流失。因此,“持续无限游泳”是一种理论上的假想,人类终将受到生理调控与环境因素的双重限制。

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我们来看一个具体的例子。

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2023 年,一艘满载 101 名塞内加尔男子的木制移民船从姆布尔港出发,试图穿越近 1500 公里的海路前往西班牙属地加那利群岛。这是一条被称为“非洲向欧洲的死亡航线”的路线,海况恶劣且几乎无任何援助。

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图中标注的白点“FASS BOYE”位于塞内加尔西部沿海。这艘移民船在出发一个多月后被发现时,位置已漂到大西洋中心,距佛得角群岛西北约 290 公里,离非洲大陆最近点超 400 公里,相当于从上海漂到了冲绳外海。
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这艘船在出发不久便因燃料耗尽、方向偏移,逐渐漂离航道,陷入彻底失控状态。

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第 10 天以后,船上食物和水几乎耗尽,船体也开始解体,太阳暴晒、水源匮乏与夜晚寒冷迅速压垮了他们的身体。

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许多人开始出现严重脱水、幻觉和精神错乱,有些人因幻视跳入大海溺亡,有人因饥饿昏迷后死去,他们的遗体被推入海中或被海浪卷走。整个船舱内弥漫着绝望的哭喊和尸体腐臭。

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在海面上就算一艘坐满 100 人的船也微不足道,没有通讯的情况下几乎不可能被路过的船发现
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这场灾难不仅是一次移民悲剧,也是一堂关于人类极限与脆弱性的深刻启示。
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这起事件非常明确的证明,在开放大洋中,没有任何形式的船体或浮具支持,人类几乎不可能在水中生存超过一天。36 天的存活完全依赖于破船作为遮蔽、漂浮与收集雨水的平台。失去它,无论是游泳者还是受困者,都将在短时间内因失温、脱水或体力耗尽而丧生。

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总结而言,人类的野外游泳能力远超常人想象,但必须建立在科学训练、后勤支持、医疗保障与良好心理状态的基础上。最极限的记录也多依赖补给、医疗和环境适配的高度配合。

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即使如此,人类在面对自然水域时仍然处于弱势,真正的极限并不在“游多远”,而在“生存多久”。从冷水震荡、能量耗竭、心血管崩溃,到心理崩解与自然风险,人类的野外游泳壮举虽令人惊叹,却也处处揭示着生物边界的存在。

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对于每一次壮举,背后都是技术、医疗、意志与环境的一次极端博弈,而人的极限,始终在向自然挑战中得到重新定义。

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最后,再补充一个人类借助最低限度的工具,横渡太平洋的例子。

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2022 年 8 月 8 日,澳大利亚女性米歇尔·李(Michelle Lee)从墨西哥恩塞纳达出发,驾驶一艘长 7.7 米、重约 800 公斤的碳纤维划艇,开始她的太平洋单人横渡之旅。全程无补给、无动力推进,仅靠人力划行,总计耗时 237 天,横跨约 14,000 公里(约 7,560 海里),最终于 2023 年 4 月 5 日抵达澳大利亚昆士兰州的道格拉斯港。

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旅途中,她面对了 5 次飓风、4 次热带气旋以及长达数月的高温与洋流挑战,每天划行 6 至 10 小时,平均每日行进约 60 公里。

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她的真实平均推进速度约为 1.7 至 2.8 米每秒,或 6 至 10 千米每小时。这个速度与海龟、金枪鱼等动物在长途迁徙中的实际巡航速度相当,进一步说明在极端耐力挑战中,不论人类还是动物,其日均推进效率最终都受到能量分配、环境阻力与生理恢复的共同约束。

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短时间的极速爆发能力,完全不能转换成这种超长距离下的真实速度。

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她携带的食物为脱水餐和高能量营养棒,并通过太阳能装置维持淡水转换与通讯设备运行。

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这是人类历史上首次由女性独自完成从美洲大陆到澳大利亚本土的纯人力跨太平洋划行,也是对人类耐力、生理调节与精神韧性的极限挑战之一。

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引用参考:

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Elsworth, P. G., Seebacher, F., & Franklin, C. E. (2003). Sustained swimming performance in crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus): Effects of body size and temperature. Journal of Herpetology, 37(3), 363–368. https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2003)037[0363:SSPICC]2.0.CO;2

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Sepulveda, C. A., Aalbers, S. A., Kinney, M. J., Kohin, S., Dewar, H., & Ortega-Garcia, S. (2019). Insights into the horizontal movements, migration patterns and stock affiliation of California swordfish. Fisheries Oceanography, 29(1), 56–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/fog.12461

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Fish, F. E. (1994). Influence of hydrodynamic design and propulsive mode on mammalian swimming energetics. Australian Journal of Zoology, 42(1), 79–101. https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO9940079

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Williams, T. M. (1999). The evolution of cost efficient swimming in marine mammals: Limits to energetic optimization. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 354(1380), 193–201. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0371

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Prange, H. D. (1976). Energetics of swimming of a sea turtle. Journal of Experimental Biology, 64(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.64.1.1

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延伸阅读:

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Woldaregay, A. Z., Walderhaug, S., & Hartvigsen, G. (2017). Telemedicine services for the Arctic: A systematic review. JMIR Medical Informatics, 5(2), e16. https://doi.org/10.2196/medinform.6323

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Ting, L., & Wilkes, M. (2021). Telemedicine for patient management on expeditions in remote and austere environments: A systematic review. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, 32(1), 102–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2020.09.009

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Baldassarre, R., Bonifazi, M., Zamparo, P., & Piacentini, M. F. (2017). Characteristics and challenges of open-water swimming performance: A review. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(10), 1275–1284. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0230

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Pla, R., Raineteau, Y., Barbier, X., & Aubry, A. (2024). Physiological key determinants of elite open-water swimmers. Physiologia, 4(3), 305–316. https://doi.org/10.3390/physiologia4030018

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查看知乎讨论
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你其实是问它会不会淹死,饿死,咸死,被咬死。

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我造了什么孽,要把我扔到太平洋中央
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更新:文末增加人类野外游泳记录,同时探讨生理表现和限制,供大家作为对比。

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很多知友十分关心不同动物的游泳表现,我选取了其中一些有代表性的进行了全面比较。放在正文会变得十分冗长,作为延伸阅读附在文末。

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把一只成年湾鳄投放到太平洋中央,就相当于把一个人丢到撒哈拉沙漠的中心地带——要吃的没吃的,环境条件极不适合生存,而且最要命的是四周都是一望无际的相同景象,完全无法判断方向。

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让我们用数据来分析这个问题。太平洋中央距离最近的陆地通常超过 2000 公里。即使是体力充沛的成年湾鳄,其游泳速度一般为每小时 2-3 公里,在理想状态下不眠不休地游泳,也需要近一个月才能到达陆地。但这种计算忽略了一个关键问题:能量消耗。

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根据爬行动物生理学研究,咸水湾鳄在静止漂浮状态下的基础代谢极低,仅为体表面积所决定的热耗率的 1/5 到 1/10。实验数据显示,一只约 200 kg 的鳄鱼静止时代谢功率仅约为 50–70 W(即每小时消耗 43–60 kcal),这是典型的节能状态。而当其进入持续游泳模式时,功率可上升至 400 W 左右,相当于每小时约 344 kcal。

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若按体重代谢的 0.75 次幂规律推算,一只体重约 500 kg 的雄性湾鳄在持续游泳时的功率约为 800–850 W,即每日能量消耗约为 16,000–20,000 kcal。这一水平虽远低于同体重的哺乳动物,但相比其静息状态,能耗已增长十余倍。例如,成年男性人类在自由泳中平均输出功率为 200–400 W(相当于 170–340 kcal/h),而马或狮子在剧烈奔跑时可达到 1000–1500 W,但难以长时间维持。

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此外,湾鳄的脂肪储备远不如哺乳动物,通常仅占体重的 5%–8%,即 25–40 kg 脂肪,总能量相当于 225,000–360,000 kcal(按 9 kcal/g 计算)。在上述高强度游动下,这些脂肪最多只能支持 13–22 天,前提是完全禁食、无任何进食补给、恒定环境下持续运动。这一“燃料极限”远比人类、狮子或海洋哺乳类(如海豹、海狮)短,后者拥有更厚的脂肪层与灵活的摄食策略。

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因此,虽然湾鳄在能效控制方面极其出色,但在高强度长途迁移中若无法及时捕食,其生理耐受极限远比外表“耐饿”的印象要脆弱得多。

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而且实际情况比这个还要严峻得多。

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太平洋中央的表层水温通常在 20-25°C,而湾鳄的最适温度是 28-33°C。作为变温动物,低温会导致其代谢率下降约 30-40%,游泳效率也相应降低。更要命的是,湾鳄必须不断游动才能保持在水面呼吸,这种被动的持续运动会加速体力消耗。

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此外,湾鳄若长时间在海水中活动,尽管具备舌腺排盐功能,但其效率有限,若无法定期返回淡水环境排盐,将面临脱水与电解质失衡的风险,严重时可导致肾功能障碍甚至死亡。

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在体型对比上,湾鳄在海洋中毫无优势可言。成年雄性湾鳄平均体长 4-5 米,体重 300-500 公斤,最大个体可达 7 米、1000 公斤。但在深海中,大白鲨体长可达 6 米,体重超过 2 吨;虎鲨体长 5-6 米,体重可达 900 公斤;而虎鲸更是体长 8-10 米,体重 6-9 吨的庞然大物。更关键的是,这些海洋掠食者都是完全适应深海环境的,拥有流线型身体和强大的游泳能力。

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虎鲨有强大的咬合力和强壮锋利的牙齿
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海龟整个后面都被咬烂了,不存在破不了湾鳄的防
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湾鳄在浅水区的优势——强大的咬合力(可达 3700 磅 / 平方英寸)、爆发式的死亡翻滚、坚固的骨板保护,在深海环境中都大打折扣。它无法像在浅水区那样利用水底支撑进行爆发攻击,也无法快速潜入水底躲避。相反,体力逐渐耗尽的湾鳄游泳速度会从每小时 3 公里降到 1 公里以下,而大白鲨的巡航速度是每小时 40 公里,爆发速度可达每小时 56 公里。

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鲨鱼确实会吃鳄鱼
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相反的例子。近海尤其是体型优势下,还是湾鳄占优势
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食物获取更是几乎不可能完成的任务。太平洋中央属于海洋荒漠区,初级生产力极低,每平方米每天的浮游植物生产量仅为 0.1-0.2 克碳。这意味着整个食物链的生物量都极其稀少。湾鳄在近海一天可能捕食 10-20 公斤的鱼类,但在深海可能几天都遇不到一条合适的猎物。

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咬合力再强没有鱼也是白给
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历史上确实有湾鳄长距离迁徙的记录。最著名的案例是 2010 年,一只装有卫星追踪器的雄性湾鳄在 25 天内游了 590 公里,从澳大利亚北部海岸游到了另一个河口。但请注意,这是沿着海岸线游泳,期间可以在多个岛屿和浅滩休息进食。这与在太平洋中央的情况完全不同——那里最近的陆地在 2000 公里之外,中间没有任何休息点。

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综合计算,一只被投放到太平洋中央的成年湾鳄,在尽量节省体力利用洋流漂浮的前提下,其脂肪储备最多只能支撑 20-25 天。而在这期间,它游泳的距离不会超过 1500 公里,还不到最近陆地距离的四分之三。更可能的情况是,在体力耗尽之前,它就已经成为虎鲨或大白鲨的猎物了。

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当然有一种可能,湾鳄运气爆棚,遇到了死亡漂浮的鲸鱼尸体饱餐一顿。补充了够消耗几个月的巨量蛋白质。

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然后正好遇到一阵海风,美美睡一觉漂到了附近岛屿。

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延伸阅读:

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从湾鳄到金枪鱼,动物游泳能力与能量效率的极限对比。

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不同动物在水中的游泳能力与能量效率体现了演化适应性的巨大差异。从人类、爬行动物、海龟,到鲸豚类和远洋鱼类,它们在单位体重单位距离上所需的能量消耗差距可达数十倍。

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自由泳是人类最节能高效的泳姿,单位能耗最低,适合长距离推进。
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以人类为例,在自由泳状态下的巡航速度约为 1.0 米每秒(即 3.6 公里每小时),单位质量单位距离的能量消耗约为 3000 焦耳每千克每公里,总能耗为 21 万焦耳,折合 50 千卡,平均功率约 210 瓦,属于效率偏低的“非水生动物”水平。

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相比之下,体重 500 千克的湾鳄虽然能够在水中伏击猎物,但其正常巡航速度约为 0.7 米每秒(2.5 公里每小时),持续游泳时的功率为 800–850 W,折合每公里能量消耗约为 144–150 万焦耳(约 344–358 千卡)。虽然湾鳄作为变温动物代谢率相对较低,但其身体构造并非为长时间持续游泳而优化,因此在大范围水域中的能效表现远逊于真正的海洋动物。

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值得注意的是,鳄鱼在水中的捕猎爆发速度与其长距离巡航能力完全不同。湾鳄在伏击猎物时可瞬间加速至每秒 4 至 5 米(14 至 18 公里每小时),但这类冲刺依赖瞬时的无氧代谢,仅能维持数秒,远不能支持长时间推进。其心肺容量、血氧携带能力和能量储备均不具备维持高速持续游泳的条件。此外,鳄鱼由于仍需兼顾陆地活动,其体形结构未经过水中长期演化的优化。相比之下,鲸类、鲨鱼等海洋动物拥有流线型外形、减阻皮肤和专业推进系统,使得它们在巡航效率和能量利用方面大幅领先。鳄鱼厚重的躯干、粗糙的鳞甲和以陆行为基础的四肢形态,在深远水域中反而构成了明显的阻力与负担。

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绿海龟虽名为“绿”,但背甲常呈红棕色,这是因其角质鳞片中含有多种色素,加上藻类附着和地理变异所致。其“绿色”实指体内脂肪因摄食海草富含叶绿素而呈绿色,而非外表颜色。
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绿海龟虽然也是空气呼吸的爬行动物,但由于其流线型身体和鳍状肢更适合长时间水中推进,表现明显优于鳄鱼。其单位能耗约为 2000 焦耳每千克每公里,体重 100 千克的个体每公里总耗能约 20 万焦耳,折合 48 千卡,平均功率约为 140 瓦。

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研究发现,部分绿海龟个体会在繁殖季节从日本南部沿岸游至南太平洋的马绍尔群岛,单程距离超过 7000 公里,历时数月才能抵达目的地。绿海龟具有惊人的\"出生地回归\"(natal homing)能力——它们在性成熟后(通常需要 20-30 年)会返回自己出生的海滩产卵。幼龟孵化后会立即爬向大海,然后进入被称为\"失踪岁月\"的阶段,在开阔洋面随洋流漂流数年,期间依靠马尾藻等漂浮物提供的庇护和食物生存。在这个阶段,大量幼龟会被海鸟、大型鱼类等捕食者吃掉,存活率极低。只有少数幸存者能够逐渐成长,最终发展出强大的游泳能力,完成跨洋迁徙。这种精确而持久的定向迁徙能力依赖其对地磁场的感知、太阳定位和洋流导航的综合机制。尽管绿海龟的游速不高,约为每小时 2 至 3 公里,但其在食物匮乏、无补给的广阔洋面中仍能维持能量平衡,展现了极高的水中推进效率和适应性。

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样子太猥琐了,数据再好看也难受欢迎
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海洋哺乳动物如象海豹在长期迁徙中的表现极为优异。体重达 2 吨的象海豹巡航速度为 1.0 米每秒(3.6 公里每小时),单位能耗约为 1000 焦耳每千克每公里,每公里总耗能 200 万焦耳,折合 478 千卡,平均功率 2000 瓦,能在一个潜水周期中维持几十分钟的稳定推进。

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象海豹的远洋迁徙能力令人震撼——北象海豹每年进行两次大规模洄游,雄性个体可从加州繁殖地出发,向北游至阿拉斯加湾觅食,往返距离超过 2.1 万公里,在海上连续停留长达 8 个月而不上岸。雌性则倾向于向西北太平洋深海区域迁徙,单程可达 5000 公里。更惊人的是它们的深潜能力:象海豹平均潜水深度为 500-600 米,最深记录达 2388 米,单次潜水时长可达 120 分钟,一天之内潜水时间占比高达 90%。在迁徙过程中,象海豹采用\"漂移潜水\"策略——下潜至 600-800 米深度后关闭主动推进,利用体内脂肪的正浮力缓慢上升,期间进入半睡眠状态以极度节省能量。这种独特的\"水下睡眠\"使它们能够在完全不上岸的情况下,维持数月的远洋生活。卫星追踪数据显示,一些个体在 8 个月的觅食期内游程超过 1.8 万公里,日均移动 80 公里,展现了惊人的耐力。

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更小型的海豚(200 千克)在 2.0 米每秒(7.2 公里每小时)的速度下,单位能耗约为 800 焦耳每千克每公里,每公里总耗能为 16 万焦耳(38 千卡),平均功率为 320 瓦,效率远胜多数非哺乳类水生动物。

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海豚还进化出了多种行为策略来进一步优化能效。在集体游泳时,海豚会采用梯队编队,后方个体可以利用前方同伴产生的涡流和压力波,减少约 10-15%的能量消耗,类似于自行车比赛中的\"破风\"效应。当速度超过每秒 4-5 米时,海豚会采用\"跃水前进\"(porpoising)的方式——周期性跃出水面在空中滑翔。由于空气密度仅为水的 1/800,这种策略在高速移动时可显著降低总体阻力。研究表明,在每小时 25 公里以上的速度下,跃水前进比持续潜游可节省高达 30%的能量。这些精妙的行为适应,配合其流线型身体和高效的尾鳍推进系统,使海豚成为海洋中最高效的游泳者之一。

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鲸类中如抹香鲸,尽管体重高达 30 吨,但由于使用升力推进并具备高度组织化的代谢控制,其单位能耗控制在 600 焦耳每千克每公里,巡航速度约为 1.4 米每秒(5 公里每小时)时,总功率维持在约 2.5 万瓦级别,展现了大型哺乳动物在能量调控上的极限优势。

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在鱼类中,金枪鱼,鲨鱼是能效最高的游泳者。体重 200 千克的金枪鱼可维持 2.5 米每秒(9 公里每小时)的速度,单位能耗约 400 焦耳每千克每公里,每公里总耗能 8 万焦耳(19 千卡),平均功率 200 瓦,推进效率极高。而大白鲨(1000 千克)巡航速度约 1.8 米每秒(6.5 公里每小时),单位能耗约为 500 焦耳每千克每公里,每公里总耗能 50 万焦耳(119 千卡),功率为 900 瓦,属于高效的远洋掠食者。

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金枪鱼是海洋中最具远洋迁徙能力的硬骨鱼类之一,其高速与耐力兼备的特性使其能在全球范围内穿梭。以蓝鳍金枪鱼为例,个体在短短几个月内可完成从日本海域至加利福尼亚沿岸的横跨太平洋之旅,单程超过 8000 公里。标记追踪数据显示,部分金枪鱼个体年迁徙总距离甚至可突破 2 万公里,期间多次穿越赤道、洋流与温跃层。金枪鱼具备高效的“恒温机制”,能将肌肉维持在较环境温度更高的状态,从而保持高代谢率和持续高速游泳能力。此外,其镰刀状尾鳍和刚性身体结构极度优化了推进效率,使其在高达每小时 70 公里的爆发速度之外,也能以每秒 2–3 米的速度长时间巡航。这种卓越的迁徙能力使金枪鱼在能量效率和海洋扩散能力上远超大多数鱼类和哺乳动物。

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大白鲨不仅是海洋顶级掠食者,其远洋迁徙能力也同样令人惊叹。标记研究表明,个体可在短时间内完成跨洋移动,2004 年一项追踪数据显示,一只成年雌性大白鲨从南非出发,穿越整个印度洋,到达澳大利亚西海岸,仅用 99 天游完超过 1.1 万公里,平均每天游程超过 110 公里。另一项研究则发现,美国加州附近的大白鲨每年会前往被称为“白鲨咖啡馆”的中太平洋深海区域,并在繁殖季后返回,来回航程超过 7000 公里。大白鲨通过强大的尾鳍推进和高效的红肌系统,实现了稳定的远洋巡航,其平均速度约为每小时 5 至 6 公里,短时间内甚至能加速至 40 公里每小时以上。其特殊的局部恒温机制和良好的水动力学结构,使其成为极少数能在全球大洋中长距离洄游的鲨鱼物种之一。

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最后,还有短距离速度最快也是很多人喜欢的剑鱼类。

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剑鱼(Xiphias gladius)是典型的远洋性掠食者,具备强大的迁徙能力与卓越的环境适应性。追踪研究表明,个体剑鱼可在 620 天内迁徙超过 14,000 公里,日均净位移超过 60 公里,常穿越加州寒流系统、墨西哥沿岸甚至更远的东太平洋热带水域。剑鱼的典型巡航速度为每秒 0.8 至 1.2 米(约 2.9 至 4.3 公里每小时),可在数日甚至数周内维持这种低速推进完成跨区域迁徙。它们常通过“停留–突进–停留”的方式调整节律,结合高频潜水行为,有效适应不同深度和温度的水层环境。尽管如此,这种巡航策略偏向节能与等待伏击,不属于高速高频率推进的类型。

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相比之下,金枪鱼,尤其是黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)与蓝鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus orientalis),展现出更高效、更持续的巡航能力。它们拥有区域性温血系统,能主动维持肌肉温度高于周围海水,从而维持红肌活性与高速代谢,在体能恢复与长距离推进方面远超冷血鱼类。金枪鱼的巡航速度常维持在 1.5 至 2.5 米每秒(5.4 至 9 公里每小时),远高于剑鱼;其尾柄结构刚性极强、鳍可收纳进体侧、体型更为流线,推动效率极高。此外,金枪鱼常以几百到上千公里的直线方式推进,迁徙路径清晰而迅速,展示出典型的“高速远洋巡航选手”特征。因此,尽管剑鱼具备强大的爆发力与广域分布能力,但在长距离迁徙的速度与效率方面,仍明显逊于金枪鱼这样的远洋高速掠食者。

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从整体趋势来看,不同动物在水中的能量效率构成了一个清晰的适应梯度:从能效最高的远洋鱼类如金枪鱼(单位能耗 400 J/kg/km),到高效的小型鲸类(海豚为 800)、大型哺乳动物(象海豹为 1000),再到适应性稍弱的海龟(2000),最后是效率最低的人类与湾鳄(均高于 2500),这一梯度直接反映了它们对水生环境的演化适应水平。

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对于湾鳄而言,尽管拥有惊人的爆发力和耐盐能力,但面对深海这种需要长时间稳定推进的环境,其能量结构和体能仍显得极不经济。

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另外再附上一张图:

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表中数据来源于多项实验室流水槽测试(例如 Brett and Glass, 1973;Fish, 1998),所使用的临界游泳速度(U₍crit₎)指标反映的是动物在逐步递增流速下所能维持的最高稳定推进速度,常用于评估其长时间抗疲劳游动能力。

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正文里我给出 2.5m/ 秒,已经尽量高估湾鳄的巡航游泳速度了。该实验中湾鳄体长较小,最大 97.9cm。成年湾鳄主要是力量和爆发力大幅增长,实际长距离游泳能力增加并不大。

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湾鳄(Crocodylus porosus)的 U₍crit₎为 0.5–0.7 体长每秒,绝对速度为 25.6–50.6 厘米每秒(即 0.26–0.51 米 / 秒,0.9–1.8 公里 / 小时),属所有测试物种中最低水平,反映其主要依赖爆发力而非持续推进。

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相比之下,虎鲸(Orcinus orca)的 U₍crit₎为 1.5 体长 / 秒,绝对速度达到 7.91 米 / 秒(28.5 公里 / 小时),表现出海洋哺乳类极高的推进效率与耐力。

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虎鲸数据过于强悍,考虑它的体型,等于是海洋中的 bug。基本是神挡杀神,佛挡杀佛。

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湾鳄在大洋要是遇到,只要虎鲸想吃,绝对打不过逃不了。

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把虎鲸放进去别的动物没法玩了,理论上表里面全部都在它食谱上
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另外表中伪虎鲸的数据也很强悍。仅仅稍弱于虎鲸。

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伪虎鲸(Pseudorca crassidens)体长一般为 4.5~6 米,体重可达 1.2~2.2 吨,是体型仅次于虎鲸的大型高速海豚之一。

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虽然名字中带“虎鲸”,但实际上与虎鲸属于不同属。伪虎鲸具备惊人的游泳能力,稳定巡航速度高达每秒 3.7 至 5.1 米(13 至 18 公里每小时),爆发时甚至更快,使其能够在开阔海域追击高速猎物。

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它们不仅以乌贼、章鱼为食,更被多次观察到集体猎捕金枪鱼、箭鱼等远洋高速鱼类,展现出卓越的力量、耐力和协同能力。这种能力不仅反映了其流线型体型和强劲推进肌群的高效率,也表明它在远洋生态系统中是一个真正意义上的高速掠食者。

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伪虎鲸吃亏在名字上,有种冒牌货的即视感,实际战力很强
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而斑马鱼(Danio rerio)虽体长仅 4.4 厘米,但其 U₍crit₎高达 15.5 体长 / 秒,绝对速度为 0.56 米 / 秒(2.0 公里 / 小时)*,显示出小型硬骨鱼类在短距离持续推进中的惊人效率。

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* 尽管绝对速度并不高,但因其体型极小,相对速度在所有物种中最高。

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它们之间的差异不仅体现出体型与代谢策略的不同,也反映了水生适应度在形态与能量调控机制上的演化差异。

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在水的边界:人类野外游泳能力的极限挑战

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人类虽然不是天生的水生动物,但在特定条件下展现出了惊人的野外游泳能力。

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从体能、意志、技巧和后勤支持等多方面配合之下,一些人完成了长距离开放水域游泳的壮举,刷新了关于人类生理极限的认知。然而,这种能力存在着明确的物理和生理边界,特别是在低温、洋流、缺乏补给或极端心理压力的情况下,人的表现会迅速下降,甚至危及生命。

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在有组织、有后勤保障的条件下,人类的野外游泳能力已经达到了惊人的程度。

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2007 年,斯洛文尼亚游泳家马丁·斯特雷尔(Martin Strel)在 66 天内横渡了亚马逊河,总长度达 5268 公里,平均每日游约 80 公里,期间依靠船只补给和医疗团队的支持。

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他每天游约 10 小时,并面临水中生物、污染、高温湿热等问题。

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这项壮举是目前人类已知最长的连续远距离游泳记录,也是对耐力、生理调节与心理意志的极限挑战。

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他的心率与血压全天监测,同时医生需要定期评估他的皮肤状况、肌肉状态与脱水风险。类似的纪录还有萨拉·托马斯(Sarah Thomas)于 2019 年完成的英吉利海峡四次往返,总长 215 公里,历时 54 小时,她在癌症治疗后完成该挑战,展现了人类意志和恢复能力的极限。

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她曾罹患第二期三阴性乳腺癌,在完成化疗和乳房切除手术后不久便完成了英吉利海峡四次往返的壮举。
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从游泳速度来看,普通自由泳者在平静水域中的巡航速度约为每秒 1.0 至 1.5 米。专业选手可稳定维持在 1.6 至 1.7 米每秒的速度,短距离爆发力更高,但不适用于超长距离游泳。

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2017 年研究指出,顶级开放水域游泳运动员在比赛中可维持约 VO₂max 的 80%至 90%,乳酸阈值可达 3.5 至 4.0 mmol/L,最大有氧速度(MAS)在 1.7 m/s 左右。这些指标说明了他们具备较高的有氧能力与乳酸清除效率,适合长时间保持高强度运动状态。在 2024 年一项对法国国家队精英选手的研究中,VO₂max 平均为 70.8 ml/kg/min,心率峰值约 190 次每分钟,运动时乳酸峰值可达 9.1 mmol/L。他们可在 17°C 的水温中维持长时间运动,有些选手甚至在水温 10°C 的条件下表现出体温平衡的能力。

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然而,人类并非水生动物,生理结构在水中并不具备显著优势。水的热传导效率约为空气的 25 倍,因此在水温低于 35°C 时人体便开始散热。在 25°C 以下的水温中,游泳反而会加速体温的下降。多数开放水域赛事规定 14°C 以下必须穿防寒衣,在 11°C 以下不推荐举行比赛。在 10°C 至 15°C 之间,人进入水中会产生典型的“冷休克反应”*,包括突然喘气、心率激增、无法自主呼吸等,这些反应在前 30 秒最为剧烈,是非训练人群最危险的阶段。即使顶级选手,若未进行低温适应训练,也会在短时间内失去节奏与控制能力。

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北欧地区有冬泳传统,活动时有严格的健康检查和完善的现场保护。
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* 尽管许多冬泳者能在低于 10°C 的水温中活动数分钟,看似并未出现严重的“冷休克反应”,但这实际上是长期适应训练的结果,而非生理反应的缺失。然而,冬泳的潜在风险常被公众忽视甚至美化。冷水会引发强烈的交感神经兴奋,导致心率骤增、血压升高,对于心血管疾病患者极为危险。每年全球各地都有因冬泳突发昏厥、心律失常甚至死亡的案例,尤其在老年人群体中尤为明显。相比之下,专业野外冷水游泳对身体状况、心理控制与后勤支持的要求更为严苛,而冬泳作为一种短时、可控的冷水暴露方式,常被误解为“人人可行”的健康行为,其背后的生理风险往往被严重低估。

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对比冷水,热水同样存在生理风险。当水温高于 31°C 时,人体会因为外部辐射(如阳光照射)叠加导致热负荷增加。在高温水体中,汗液无法蒸发,皮肤血流量剧增,造成心血管系统压力上升。如果再叠加脱水与高强度运动,容易导致核心温度升高至 39.5°C 以上,进而出现热衰竭或热射病。在 2010 年代中后期的国际铁人三项比赛中,已有多起选手在高温水域中昏厥或出现热射病的案例。

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另一个常被忽视的生理极限是体位转换引发的低血压。在冷水或长时间运动中,血液集中在核心与脑部,站立上岸时由于失去水的浮力支持与冷缩反应的中止,容易发生晕厥。这种现象在超长距离游泳后期较为常见,尤其是当选手脱下防寒服、快速走动时,最容易出现头晕或意识短暂丧失。

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除体温调节外,能量供应是限制人类游泳距离的重要因素。

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以游泳每小时消耗 500 至 900 千卡计算,若连续游泳 10 小时将消耗约 5000 至 9000 千卡。而人体的糖原储备仅能维持 1.5 至 2 小时的中等强度运动,之后必须依赖脂肪供能或外部补给。在马丁·斯特雷尔的亚马逊长游中,他每日摄入高达 12000 千卡 *,包括高脂肪、高蛋白与液态碳水化合物,以维持能量与电解质平衡。

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*12000 千卡是一个令人震撼的能量摄入量,相当于需要消耗约 10.4 公斤熟米饭、77 个鸡蛋、4.8 公斤瘦牛肉,或者一整条 15 公斤的金枪鱼的可食部分。这个数字也可以理解为 6 公斤三文鱼、8 公斤高脂带鱼,或三至四条鲤鱼的总热量。如果用日常食物组合来衡量,这相当于 3 公斤米饭加 1 公斤牛肉加 20 个鸡蛋再加大量油脂的总和,基本等于一个成年人正常 3 至 4 天的全部食物摄入量被压缩到一天之内完成消耗。这样的数字清楚地解释了为什么马丁·斯特雷尔在亚马逊长游中必须依赖专业营养团队和定制的液态高能食品,因为普通固体食物不仅能量密度低,更难在运动中被及时吸收,更何况高强度游泳本身就会抑制胃肠功能,使进食变得异常困难。

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这也进一步说明了后勤的不可替代性,野生海洋哺乳动物和鱼类在迁徙的时候,绝对不可能有这样的保障。必须自己捕食补充体力或者依赖自身储备的脂肪,也就不可能像人类一般按照完全理想化的速度迁徙。必须不停中断,捕食休息等等。所以实际表现出来的平均速度要比想象的慢很多。

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若没有补给,人体在长时间游泳中会迅速陷入低血糖状态,出现注意力下降、肌肉无力甚至昏迷。

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精神层面同样是不可忽视的因素。孤独、单调、缺乏刺激的水面环境容易造成感知失调与方向迷失,严重时会出现“水中幻觉”与妄想。在英吉利海峡与古巴 - 佛州横渡中,多位游泳者曾报告夜间幻听、看见幻象、方向丧失等现象。尤其是在夜间或大雾天气,缺乏可见参照物会导致选手产生“原地打转”或“水中无底洞”的感受 *。心理压力叠加生理疲劳,往往是失败的主要原因。

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* 没有先天原生的根据地磁,太阳等的导航能力,是包括人类,湾鳄在内,真正面对开放水域的致命弱点之一。

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另一方面,海洋环境的不确定性也为人类野外游泳能力设置了极限。洋流、水母、鲨鱼、污染、浪涌等均可能导致挑战失败或生命危险。

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致命的僧帽水母 The Deadly Portuguese Man O'War,触手最长可达 50 米,其毒素可引发剧烈疼痛、过敏性休克甚至二次接触致命。
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箱形水母(Chironex fleckeri)是太平洋西南部最致命的水母之一,其毒液可在数分钟内引发心脏骤停,触手接触皮肤则留下剧痛的鞭痕状伤疤。
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在某些挑战中,如横渡夏威夷莫洛凯海峡或日本津轻海峡,游泳者需面对高达 2 米的浪与不可预测的洋流,每小时能将人拉离预定航道数公里。许多纪录挑战失败并非源于体能或意志,而是因气象突变、水流变化等自然因素。即使像斯特雷尔这样的长泳者也因水母蛰伤、强流或皮肤严重发炎被迫中断部分旅程。

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人类能否依靠自身完全在海洋中生存?答案是否定的。尽管人在有保障的情况下可游数百公里,但完全依靠体力与水中食物的情况下,维持超过两天的高强度游泳几乎不可能实现。水中无法快速取食、睡眠难以维持,极易脱水与体温下降。此外,海水中的盐分摄入会引发胃肠不适与电解质紊乱,加剧体力流失。因此,“持续无限游泳”是一种理论上的假想,人类终将受到生理调控与环境因素的双重限制。

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我们来看一个具体的例子。

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2023 年,一艘满载 101 名塞内加尔男子的木制移民船从姆布尔港出发,试图穿越近 1500 公里的海路前往西班牙属地加那利群岛。这是一条被称为“非洲向欧洲的死亡航线”的路线,海况恶劣且几乎无任何援助。

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图中标注的白点“FASS BOYE”位于塞内加尔西部沿海。这艘移民船在出发一个多月后被发现时,位置已漂到大西洋中心,距佛得角群岛西北约 290 公里,离非洲大陆最近点超 400 公里,相当于从上海漂到了冲绳外海。
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这艘船在出发不久便因燃料耗尽、方向偏移,逐渐漂离航道,陷入彻底失控状态。

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第 10 天以后,船上食物和水几乎耗尽,船体也开始解体,太阳暴晒、水源匮乏与夜晚寒冷迅速压垮了他们的身体。

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许多人开始出现严重脱水、幻觉和精神错乱,有些人因幻视跳入大海溺亡,有人因饥饿昏迷后死去,他们的遗体被推入海中或被海浪卷走。整个船舱内弥漫着绝望的哭喊和尸体腐臭。

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在海面上就算一艘坐满 100 人的船也微不足道,没有通讯的情况下几乎不可能被路过的船发现
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这场灾难不仅是一次移民悲剧,也是一堂关于人类极限与脆弱性的深刻启示。
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这起事件非常明确的证明,在开放大洋中,没有任何形式的船体或浮具支持,人类几乎不可能在水中生存超过一天。36 天的存活完全依赖于破船作为遮蔽、漂浮与收集雨水的平台。失去它,无论是游泳者还是受困者,都将在短时间内因失温、脱水或体力耗尽而丧生。

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总结而言,人类的野外游泳能力远超常人想象,但必须建立在科学训练、后勤支持、医疗保障与良好心理状态的基础上。最极限的记录也多依赖补给、医疗和环境适配的高度配合。

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即使如此,人类在面对自然水域时仍然处于弱势,真正的极限并不在“游多远”,而在“生存多久”。从冷水震荡、能量耗竭、心血管崩溃,到心理崩解与自然风险,人类的野外游泳壮举虽令人惊叹,却也处处揭示着生物边界的存在。

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对于每一次壮举,背后都是技术、医疗、意志与环境的一次极端博弈,而人的极限,始终在向自然挑战中得到重新定义。

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最后,再补充一个人类借助最低限度的工具,横渡太平洋的例子。

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2022 年 8 月 8 日,澳大利亚女性米歇尔·李(Michelle Lee)从墨西哥恩塞纳达出发,驾驶一艘长 7.7 米、重约 800 公斤的碳纤维划艇,开始她的太平洋单人横渡之旅。全程无补给、无动力推进,仅靠人力划行,总计耗时 237 天,横跨约 14,000 公里(约 7,560 海里),最终于 2023 年 4 月 5 日抵达澳大利亚昆士兰州的道格拉斯港。

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旅途中,她面对了 5 次飓风、4 次热带气旋以及长达数月的高温与洋流挑战,每天划行 6 至 10 小时,平均每日行进约 60 公里。

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她的真实平均推进速度约为 1.7 至 2.8 米每秒,或 6 至 10 千米每小时。这个速度与海龟、金枪鱼等动物在长途迁徙中的实际巡航速度相当,进一步说明在极端耐力挑战中,不论人类还是动物,其日均推进效率最终都受到能量分配、环境阻力与生理恢复的共同约束。

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短时间的极速爆发能力,完全不能转换成这种超长距离下的真实速度。

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她携带的食物为脱水餐和高能量营养棒,并通过太阳能装置维持淡水转换与通讯设备运行。

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这是人类历史上首次由女性独自完成从美洲大陆到澳大利亚本土的纯人力跨太平洋划行,也是对人类耐力、生理调节与精神韧性的极限挑战之一。

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引用参考:

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Elsworth, P. G., Seebacher, F., & Franklin, C. E. (2003). Sustained swimming performance in crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus): Effects of body size and temperature. Journal of Herpetology, 37(3), 363–368. https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2003)037[0363:SSPICC]2.0.CO;2

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Sepulveda, C. A., Aalbers, S. A., Kinney, M. J., Kohin, S., Dewar, H., & Ortega-Garcia, S. (2019). Insights into the horizontal movements, migration patterns and stock affiliation of California swordfish. Fisheries Oceanography, 29(1), 56–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/fog.12461

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Fish, F. E. (1994). Influence of hydrodynamic design and propulsive mode on mammalian swimming energetics. Australian Journal of Zoology, 42(1), 79–101. https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO9940079

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Williams, T. M. (1999). The evolution of cost efficient swimming in marine mammals: Limits to energetic optimization. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 354(1380), 193–201. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0371

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Prange, H. D. (1976). Energetics of swimming of a sea turtle. Journal of Experimental Biology, 64(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.64.1.1

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延伸阅读:

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Woldaregay, A. Z., Walderhaug, S., & Hartvigsen, G. (2017). Telemedicine services for the Arctic: A systematic review. JMIR Medical Informatics, 5(2), e16. https://doi.org/10.2196/medinform.6323

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Ting, L., & Wilkes, M. (2021). Telemedicine for patient management on expeditions in remote and austere environments: A systematic review. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, 32(1), 102–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2020.09.009

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Baldassarre, R., Bonifazi, M., Zamparo, P., & Piacentini, M. F. (2017). Characteristics and challenges of open-water swimming performance: A review. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(10), 1275–1284. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0230

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Pla, R., Raineteau, Y., Barbier, X., & Aubry, A. (2024). Physiological key determinants of elite open-water swimmers. Physiologia, 4(3), 305–316. https://doi.org/10.3390/physiologia4030018

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Q:你们见过最奇怪的名字是什么?
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@陈二饼 :那必然是赵 C 先生和张 π 书记了。
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Q: 真的会有人打字把手指放在 f 和 j 键上吗?
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@Edit :每当有人问我怎么学会盲打时,我都会给他展示我这台电脑。 以及你说的那两个凸起。
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Q: 该不该和 AI 说谢谢?
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@云上雪 :我邻居的女儿五年级,一直在用 bing 练口语。 然后有一天……
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Q: 如何看待少林寺住持释永信被查?
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@dingsir :真是,你看看,害的人家紧急辟谣。
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Q:古代中国的老百姓地理水平怎么样?
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@有点意思研究所 :我觉得不怎么样,别说古代了,就是现在,我放一张图。 你让我只看地图,不看导航从太原走到上党高地,我都不知道怎么走。。
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Q:你们见过最奇怪的名字是什么?
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@陈二饼 :那必然是赵 C 先生和张 π 书记了。
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Q: 真的会有人打字把手指放在 f 和 j 键上吗?
\n
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@Edit :每当有人问我怎么学会盲打时,我都会给他展示我这台电脑。 以及你说的那两个凸起。
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Q: 该不该和 AI 说谢谢?
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@云上雪 :我邻居的女儿五年级,一直在用 bing 练口语。 然后有一天……
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Q: 如何看待少林寺住持释永信被查?
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@dingsir :真是,你看看,害的人家紧急辟谣。
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Q:古代中国的老百姓地理水平怎么样?
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@有点意思研究所 :我觉得不怎么样,别说古代了,就是现在,我放一张图。 你让我只看地图,不看导航从太原走到上党高地,我都不知道怎么走。。
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落叶是植物自保的手段。

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有个象棋术语叫做「丢卒保车」,用在这个题下恰如其分。每一片叶子,都是植物的「卒子」,在保命与保叶这个课题面前,结论必然是保命。

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题主在描述中问「到底是树的不挽留,还是风的追求?」 很显然是树不挽留,何止是不挽留这么温柔,是决绝地主动抛弃。

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农业上,有「落叶、落花、落果」三个层次的现象,在遭遇逆境的时候,植物为了保命,会果断抛弃这些器官。

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原创图片,落叶
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在动物界也有生动的的例子。

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▷澳大利亚的雌袋鼠,在被捕食者追赶时,她会毫不犹豫地把育儿袋中较大的幼崽掏出来扔掉,减轻负担自顾自地逃命去了。

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▷刘邦,彭城之战失利,乘马车逃跑,眼看敌兵紧追不舍,他为了轻车快跑,毅然把两个亲生儿女踹下马车。

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从植物到动物再到人类,大家半斤八两,谁也别说谁,面临生命威胁的时候,抛弃子女和舍却器官的现象比比皆是。例如断臂求生,壮士断腕,易子而食……

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原创图片,树叶黄了
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那么,植物在什么情况下会落叶?怎样实现落叶?我们来看看。

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叶子并不是实实在在连接在茎秆上的,在叶柄与茎秆的连接处,有一层东西,叫「离层」,这个离层就是植物为了让叶子脱落预留的手脚。离层由是几层特殊的细胞组成的,健康生长的情况下,离层就像不存在一样,流通养分,交流信息,固定叶子……等等全部正常,而需要叶子脱落的时候,离层就会变成「绝缘体」一样,断绝养分流通和各种信息交流,然后离层细胞溶解,失去机械强度,在重力或者风力作用下,实现脱落。

\n
\"\"
原创图片,叶片变红,就是离层隔绝了养分流通
\n

有了离层的存在,就具备了叶片脱落的条件,而离层受什么操纵呢? 激素。

\n

能够操纵离层的激素有三种:生长素(IAA),乙烯(ETH),脱落酸(ABA)。

\n

▷当离层两边的 IAA 梯度符合条件时,叶片脱落。

\n

▷当 ETH 达到一定浓度时,叶片脱落。

\n

▷当 ABA 达到一定浓度时,叶片脱落。

\n

那么,是什么诱发了激素浓度的变化呢?答案是:1,自然成熟或衰老;2,环境胁迫(包括干旱、水涝、高温、低温、盐渍、病害、虫害、大气污染、光照不足等)。

\n

例如:

\n

干旱、水涝、寒冷、炎热都能使植株体内脱落酸(ABA) 迅速增加。

\n

自然成熟的果实会诱导乙烯产生;干旱、水涝和机械损伤都能诱导乙烯合成。

\n
\"\"
原创图片,树叶黄了,很快就会脱落
\n

脱落之前,叶片为什么会变成黄色或者红色呢?

\n

当离层隔断了茎秆与叶柄的养分通道之后,叶片制造的养分堆积在叶片里,时间稍久,这些养分就会转变成花青素,使叶片变红。

\n

由于茎秆无法为叶片输送养分和水分,新的叶绿素也无法制造,原有的叶绿素逐渐分解,使得胡萝卜素、叶黄素以及单宁酸等色素,逐渐显露出来。胡萝卜素显现橙色,叶黄素显现黄色……具体什么颜色是由不同的树种决定的。

\n

一些新的发现。

\n

有植物学家发现,生活在富含金属的土壤中的植物,生长着的叶片含铝量很低,但已脱落的叶片中却含有高浓度的铝。

\n

植物学家们又进一步分析了生长在不同条件下的 21 种多年生植物,铅、锌、铁、铝等元素,在脱落叶片中的浓度,均高于生长的活叶片。

\n

把重金属离子积累于衰老的叶片中,随着脱落而带走,这对植物的健康具有积极的意义。

\n
\"\"
原创图片,叶片变红,即将脱落
\n

综上,植物落叶是一种生物学现象,是植物对外界环境的适应特性。尤其在不良生活条件下,主动淘汰掉一部分叶子。把营养用于其他器官的生长和发育,在不利的条件下使物种得以存续。

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", + "content": "
\"头图\"/
\n

落叶是植物自保的手段。

\n

有个象棋术语叫做「丢卒保车」,用在这个题下恰如其分。每一片叶子,都是植物的「卒子」,在保命与保叶这个课题面前,结论必然是保命。

\n

题主在描述中问「到底是树的不挽留,还是风的追求?」 很显然是树不挽留,何止是不挽留这么温柔,是决绝地主动抛弃。

\n

农业上,有「落叶、落花、落果」三个层次的现象,在遭遇逆境的时候,植物为了保命,会果断抛弃这些器官。

\n
\"\"
原创图片,落叶
\n

在动物界也有生动的的例子。

\n

▷澳大利亚的雌袋鼠,在被捕食者追赶时,她会毫不犹豫地把育儿袋中较大的幼崽掏出来扔掉,减轻负担自顾自地逃命去了。

\n

▷刘邦,彭城之战失利,乘马车逃跑,眼看敌兵紧追不舍,他为了轻车快跑,毅然把两个亲生儿女踹下马车。

\n

从植物到动物再到人类,大家半斤八两,谁也别说谁,面临生命威胁的时候,抛弃子女和舍却器官的现象比比皆是。例如断臂求生,壮士断腕,易子而食……

\n
\"\"
原创图片,树叶黄了
\n

那么,植物在什么情况下会落叶?怎样实现落叶?我们来看看。

\n

叶子并不是实实在在连接在茎秆上的,在叶柄与茎秆的连接处,有一层东西,叫「离层」,这个离层就是植物为了让叶子脱落预留的手脚。离层由是几层特殊的细胞组成的,健康生长的情况下,离层就像不存在一样,流通养分,交流信息,固定叶子……等等全部正常,而需要叶子脱落的时候,离层就会变成「绝缘体」一样,断绝养分流通和各种信息交流,然后离层细胞溶解,失去机械强度,在重力或者风力作用下,实现脱落。

\n
\"\"
原创图片,叶片变红,就是离层隔绝了养分流通
\n

有了离层的存在,就具备了叶片脱落的条件,而离层受什么操纵呢? 激素。

\n

能够操纵离层的激素有三种:生长素(IAA),乙烯(ETH),脱落酸(ABA)。

\n

▷当离层两边的 IAA 梯度符合条件时,叶片脱落。

\n

▷当 ETH 达到一定浓度时,叶片脱落。

\n

▷当 ABA 达到一定浓度时,叶片脱落。

\n

那么,是什么诱发了激素浓度的变化呢?答案是:1,自然成熟或衰老;2,环境胁迫(包括干旱、水涝、高温、低温、盐渍、病害、虫害、大气污染、光照不足等)。

\n

例如:

\n

干旱、水涝、寒冷、炎热都能使植株体内脱落酸(ABA) 迅速增加。

\n

自然成熟的果实会诱导乙烯产生;干旱、水涝和机械损伤都能诱导乙烯合成。

\n
\"\"
原创图片,树叶黄了,很快就会脱落
\n

脱落之前,叶片为什么会变成黄色或者红色呢?

\n

当离层隔断了茎秆与叶柄的养分通道之后,叶片制造的养分堆积在叶片里,时间稍久,这些养分就会转变成花青素,使叶片变红。

\n

由于茎秆无法为叶片输送养分和水分,新的叶绿素也无法制造,原有的叶绿素逐渐分解,使得胡萝卜素、叶黄素以及单宁酸等色素,逐渐显露出来。胡萝卜素显现橙色,叶黄素显现黄色……具体什么颜色是由不同的树种决定的。

\n

一些新的发现。

\n

有植物学家发现,生活在富含金属的土壤中的植物,生长着的叶片含铝量很低,但已脱落的叶片中却含有高浓度的铝。

\n

植物学家们又进一步分析了生长在不同条件下的 21 种多年生植物,铅、锌、铁、铝等元素,在脱落叶片中的浓度,均高于生长的活叶片。

\n

把重金属离子积累于衰老的叶片中,随着脱落而带走,这对植物的健康具有积极的意义。

\n
\"\"
原创图片,叶片变红,即将脱落
\n

综上,植物落叶是一种生物学现象,是植物对外界环境的适应特性。尤其在不良生活条件下,主动淘汰掉一部分叶子。把营养用于其他器官的生长和发育,在不利的条件下使物种得以存续。

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", + "category": "", + "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783272", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:27:02 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "知乎", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "bbe6a1a36d4975df615e660cc7490a57", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "有没有快灭绝,最后被人类救活的动物?", + "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n

给你们介绍一种因为人类活动而一度“灭绝”,又在与人类意外重逢后,一步步被从诺亚方舟上带回人间的极珍稀动物——豪勋爵岛竹节虫吧

\n

这是一种如龙虾般巨大的黑色竹节虫,在一百年前曾被认定灭绝。而在二十年前被好不容易重新发现时,也仅剩 24 只随时可能再度覆灭的残存个体

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\"\"
跨越 80 年的重逢 图源:David Priddel et al., 2001
\n

这是一个关于毁灭与新生的故事——

\n

《豪勋爵岛竹节虫:没人知道海浪会带来什么,是毁灭还是新生》

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©犬君拌汪酱

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\"\"
摄影师:Krissy
\n

没有人知道海浪会带来什么。

\n

十五世纪,南美的印第安人用石器耕种土地时,不会知道哥伦布的舰队正乘风而来;十八世纪,东方的巨龙开始闭关锁国时,看不到大洋彼岸的蒸汽冉冉升起。

\n

而在 1788 年,当大不列颠皇家海军的柏尔舰长,从位于悉尼的博特尼湾,前往诺福克岛流放罪犯时,孤悬于大洋上的那座无人岛尚且无名,岛上的那些竹节虫同样如此。

\n

而如今,我们称呼它们为豪勋爵岛,以及豪勋爵岛竹节虫。

\n
\"\"
豪勋爵岛 摄影师:Dasha
\n

豪勋爵岛是座诞生于七百万年的火山岛,持续了五十万的地壳活动与海浪,带给它月牙般的形状,并留给它 14.55 平方千米的面积。

\n

这座大约上海市杨浦区四分之一大的小岛,从未成为过某块大陆的一部分。在它的西边,离它最近的澳大利亚麦克夸利港与它相距 780 千米,相当于青岛到上海;在它的东边,同样孤悬于大洋中的诺福克岛,与它相距 900 千米,接近于上海到厦门。

\n
\"\"
红圈里的小岛便是豪勋爵岛 图源:google map
\n

在过往的千万年里,除了飞鸟与游鱼,没有生灵能够轻易跨越这么遥远的距离。而除了搭乘飞鸟的便车外,只有在狂风与巨浪过后,才会有零星说不上幸运还是不幸的生灵,被卷到这片孤悬的土地,然后挣扎着试图于此扎根。

\n

这座小岛离其它大陆实在是太远了,以至于大多生物前往这座小岛的船票都只有单程。整座小岛上一半的植物都是特有物种,还有至少 13 种鸟类,除了这座小岛,再也无法在别处找到。

\n
\"\"
豪勋爵岛外围的 Blackburn Island 摄影师:Krissy
\n

1788 年 2 月,当大不列颠的柏尔舰长意外途经此处时,他惊奇地发现连南太平洋的波利尼西亚人都不曾知晓这座小岛。他殷勤地用时任大不列颠海军大臣的豪勋爵命名了这座岛,又在 1788 年 3 月返航途经此处,将小岛东南 23 千米处,一座耸立于海面的火山岩,命名为“柏尔金字塔”。

\n

然后他宣布,从即刻起,这里便是大不列颠的土地。

\n
\"\"
柏尔金字塔 摄影师:Pauline and John Grimshaw
\n

不过不列颠的女王并没有派出总督统帅岛上的海鸟,而在那之后的一百多年,也只有追逐抹香鲸的捕鲸船,与满载货物的商船会途经此地,将这座小岛当做一个免费的补给点。

\n

没有人考虑仔细看看这座小岛上有些什么,但即使有人想过,可能也没用。就像彭林夫人号上的船医亚瑟,曾在 1788 年饶有兴致地绘制了豪勋爵岛秧鸡、豪勋爵岛泽鸡、豪勋爵岛鸽这三种岛上特有鸟类的画像,但在他画完后没不久,后两种鸟类便被水手们捕食殆尽了。

\n
\"\"
亚瑟绘制的豪勋爵岛泽鸡
\n

与这些海鸟相比,岛上特有的巨大黑色竹节虫或许可以说是幸运的。

\n

它们有着黑色的甲壳,椭圆形的躯体,与粗壮的六肢。它们可以长到 20 厘米长,25 克重,趴在树上的时候,看起来就像是一只只没有钳子的小龙虾——也因此,它们获得了“树龙虾”(tree lobster)的俗名。

\n

好在即使看起来比一般昆虫要美味不少,水手们依旧倾向于将炙热的子弹射向呆头呆脑的海鸟,而不是将去掉头的竹节虫塞进嘴里。于是当悬崖边的海鸟如稻草般成片倒下的时候,岛上的竹节虫依旧享受了一百多年平静的岁月。

\n

除了偶有水手决定将它们做成鱼饵丢进海里,并没有多少人在意这种在岛上随处可见的大虫子。

\n
\"\"
岛上特有的巨大黑色竹节虫 摄影师:Beth Chapman
\n

也因此,直到人类踏足这座小岛六十多年后的 1855 年,神父泽维尔·蒙鲁齐耶才通过标本将这种竹节虫定了种,并将它命名为“豪勋爵岛竹节虫(Dryococelus australis)”。

\n

然后又过了六十多年,昆虫学者莱亚·亚瑟才第一次通过文献,描述豪勋爵岛竹节虫是种喜欢在白天群聚躲在活树树洞里的夜行性食叶昆虫,它们喜欢天牛幼虫制造的树洞,并在一个树洞里最多同时发现过多达 68 只竹节虫——而这便也是在两百年间,对豪勋爵岛竹节虫生态习性的全部描述。

\n
\"\"
叶片上的豪勋爵岛竹节虫 摄影师:Pavel German
\n

这种巨大的竹节虫曾经是很常见的,至少在豪勋爵岛上,它们曾经很常见。

\n

虔诚的信徒宣称,上帝创造世界用了七天。那他若是想要毁灭一个物种,又需要多长时间?

\n

——对于豪勋爵岛上巨大的竹节虫而言,是 9 天零两年。

\n

1918 年 6 月,马坎博号商船在豪勋爵岛岸边重重撞上了暗礁,这艘满载货物的商船在岛边足足搁浅了 9 天才修理完毕,然后重启追逐财富的远航。

\n

然而来自远方的商船上满载的并非只有货物,还有躲藏在暗影中的黑家鼠。当马坎博号的水手站在海边抓耳挠腮的时候,来自大洋彼岸的黑家鼠,也小心翼翼地踏上了潮湿的海岸,然后第一次,探索起了这片对于它们而言全新的土地。

\n

它们惊喜地发现这片土地上到处都是毫无反抗力的鲜美食材,比如产在地面的鸟蛋,比如挂在树上的幼蝠,以及遍布全岛的黑色竹节虫。

\n
\"\"
灭世的黑家鼠与被袭击的鸟巢 摄影师:Nga Manu Images NZ
\n

豪勋爵岛竹节虫与绝大部分竹节虫不一样,它们没有翅膀。它们并不具备飞行的能力,所能依靠的,只有帮助它们在植物上快速爬行的强壮后腿。

\n

然而强弱是相对的,快慢也是。当一个人描述离弦的弓箭飞得有多快的时候,他选取的参照物一定不会是子弹。

\n

比起其它竹节虫,豪勋爵岛竹节虫跑得是比较快的。然而在旧大陆身经百战的黑家鼠眼里,豪勋爵岛竹节虫的“快”,无异于回旋寿司下转动的传送履带。它们只要优雅地伸出爪子,便能轻巧地将履带上的树龙虾抓起,而在咬开稍显坚硬的外壳后,紧实脆爽的肌肉会在它们的口腔中炸裂,迸发出富含氨基酸的甘美滋味。

\n
\"\"
《黑家鼠》 图源:Biodiversity Heritage Library
\n

对于黑家鼠而言,偌大的豪勋爵岛不过是个无人打搅的自助餐厅。它们在上面不停地吃,不停地生,再继续不停地吃,然后仅仅花了两年时间,便将整座岛屿上的巨大竹节虫扫荡一空——从 1920 年起,人们便再也没能在豪勋爵岛上发现任何一只树龙虾了。

\n

不过严格来说,“树龙虾”并非是豪勋爵岛竹节虫独享的别名,至少有四种分布于世界各地的大型竹节虫,都被称作树龙虾。

\n

这四种树龙虾虽然形态相近,但亲缘关系却并没有很近。它们不过是因为生活在相似的环境中,从而通过趋同演化,进化成了相似的样子。

\n
\"\"
四种长相类似的“树龙虾” 图源:Thomas R. Buckley et al., 2009
\n

分子证据显示,早在两千两百万年前左右,豪勋爵岛竹节虫所在的分支,便与其它竹节虫分道扬镳了。

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比起只有七百万年历史的豪勋爵岛,豪勋爵岛竹节虫独立演化的历史要久太多了。我们可以轻易地推论,在来到豪勋爵岛前,它们便曾在某个地方待过漫长的时光。

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或许是巧合,又或许是必然,在豪勋爵岛西北有着一片已被海水淹没的海底山链,这片由于地壳运动而沉入海底的群山,曾几何时也是些岛屿,而其中最年长的那座诺瓦海底山,正好有着大约两千三百万的历史。

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豪勋爵岛竹节虫与相近种的进化树 图源:Thomas R. Buckley et al., 2009
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iNnE6o\"> 那些巨大的黑色竹节虫,或许曾在这些旧日的岛屿上,度过了漫长的时光,直到汹涌的大洪水奔涌而至,无情地吞没了它们的家园。它们艰难地攀上名为浮木的诺亚方舟,在狂风中穿越层层巨浪,直至不知多少日夜之后,终于抵达一片全新的净土,然后重新在此繁衍生息。

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它们在这片净土上度过了百万年计的平静时间,直至两腿直立的巨人,在 9 天时间内引入了灭世的火种。随后末日的火焰越烧越旺,在两年之间,将竹节虫同它们的净土,一并燃烧殆尽。

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1920 年,就像人们擅自宣布这座岛屿属于大不列颠一样,人们又擅自宣布,名为豪勋爵岛竹节虫的昆虫,与过去两百年间那数以百计的物种一样,就此灭绝。

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延续了两千三百万年的冒险戛然而止,关于豪勋爵岛竹节虫的故事自此再无新篇。

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——如果柏尔金字塔不存在的话。

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橡胶榕上的竹节虫 摄影师:Henry Cook
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还有人记得柏尔金字塔吗?就是那块大不列颠的柏尔船长用自己命名的火山岩。

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这块长 1100 米,宽 300 米,高 551 米的火山残骸,距离豪勋爵岛大约 23 千米。整块小山般的火山岩上,甚至连一棵树也没有,除了陡峭的岩壁与少数水鸟外,便只有着零星的几株灌木。

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没有人会真的在意这座火山岩,包括命名它的柏尔船长。高贵的大不列颠皇家海军舰长,才不会在意一座毫无开发价值的渺小火山,能进入他眼的,只有遥远的星辰大海与广阔土地。

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豪勋爵岛东南角的渺小火山 图源:google map
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在被命名后的两百年间,除了无需为填饱肚子烦恼的探险者,会偶尔前来追寻刺激,便再没人会来这块荒芜的火山岩。

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但即使如此,命运的齿轮终究还是被转动了。1964 年,攀岩者大卫·鲁茨在挑战柏尔金字塔的途中,发现了一只死去的豪勋爵岛竹节虫;五年之后,又有两只残缺的竹节虫尸体,在火山岩上被发现。

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得知消息的生态学者对此半信半疑,毕竟这块满是悬崖峭壁的火山岩,在理论上根本无法支撑一个大型树栖竹节虫的种群。但陆陆续续还是有科学家试探性地前往柏尔金字塔,然后不出意外地全部空手而归。

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1965 年,柏尔金字塔裸露的岩壁 摄影师:John Game
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直到 2001 年的 2 月 5 号,澳大利亚科学家大卫·普里德尔,带着一个四人小组重新踏上了这块火山残骸。他们再度确认这座小山上连一棵树也没有,而岛上几乎所有的植被,都分布在海拔大约 120 米处的一片狭窄的阶梯状岩地上。

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在这片岩地上,除了矮小的草本外,只有一种当地特有的白千层,也是岛上唯一的灌木。而这种灌木全部的个体加起来,也不过大约 30 株。

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而在这 30 株白千层中最大的那株下面,他们发现了疑似大型昆虫的粪便。

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岛上特有的一种白千层灌木 摄影师:Tony Rodd
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他们决定在竹节虫活跃的晚上返回,于是在当天晚上 11 点零 7 分,他们在那株最大的白千层树冠边缘,发现了两只愉快地咀嚼着嫩叶的雌性竹节虫个体——这是时隔 80 年后,人类第一次再度见到活着的豪勋爵岛竹节虫。

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激动的调查小组甚至舍不得触碰这两只竹节虫,他们对灌木进行了探索,然后又在树冠中,发现了一只 8cm 长的雌性若虫。

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这便是在 2001 年,他们重新发现的全部三只豪勋爵岛竹节虫。

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跨越时代的重逢 图源:David Priddel et al., 2001
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2002 年 3 月 26 号晚上,调查小组再度回到这座火山残骸。

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他们精心调查了除一处过度陡峭的崖壁外,岩地上全部的白千层。所有的白千层都集中在大约 30 米 *6 米的狭小范围内,也就是大约半个篮球场的大小。随后在这块大约半个篮球场大的地方,12 只豪勋爵岛竹节虫被发现在最大的那株白千层灌木上,另外 12 只零星分布在附近的 5 株小灌木上。

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他们在陡峭的崖壁上艰难地对十只个体进行了性别判断,确认其中有 8 只雌性,2 只雄性。悬殊的性别差异,或许是源于豪勋爵岛竹节虫具备的孤雌生殖能力,也或许正是因为能够孤雌生殖,这个仅有 24 个个体的渺小种群,才能在这块小小的火山岩上,残存至今。

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豪勋爵岛竹节虫绿色的若虫 摄影师:San Diego Zoo
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2003 年,新南威尔士国家公园的一个研究团队,小心翼翼地在柏尔金字塔上搜集了两对竹节虫繁殖个体,交给了四位严阵以待的繁育专家。然而即使拼尽全力,送往悉尼的那对繁殖个体,依旧在一个月后死亡;而送往墨尔本动物园的雌性个体,也迅速濒死,直到繁育专家冒险使用了一种未经测试的全新手段,才使得本已濒死的雌性个体转危为安。

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图:San Diego Zoo
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这一年,在墨尔本动物园幸存下来的两只豪勋爵岛竹节虫,顺利完成了繁衍,只是产下的卵孵化率极低。再往后一年,同样如此。

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直到 2006 年,繁育技术逐渐成熟后,墨尔本动物园终于有了 50 只豪勋爵岛竹节虫,并顺利收获了数千枚待孵化的卵;然后到了 2008 年,动物园里的豪勋爵岛竹节虫,已经有 700 只个体和 11376 枚卵;而到了 2012 年,墨尔本动物园已经共计繁育了超过 9000 只豪勋爵岛竹节虫。

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豪勋爵岛竹节虫的卵 摄影师:John Koens
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曾经一度被宣布灭绝的黑色竹节虫,如今总算从灭绝的深渊中爬回了半边身子。与此同时,一项重引入项目也在持续推进中,只要消灭掉豪勋爵岛上所有的黑家鼠,人们便会将豪勋爵岛竹节虫,重新引回它们昔日的净土。

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——假如人类真能杀光那些黑家鼠的话。

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可即使豪勋爵岛竹节虫能够重回故土,这片土地也已经与它们祖辈的记忆不一样了。

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就像是这座小岛上曾经有过的至少 13 种特有鸟类,其中 9 种已经灭绝,1 种濒危,2 种易危,只剩下豪勋爵岛金啸鹟 1 种鸟类,尚且无危。

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而这座曾遗世独立了数百万年的小岛,也再也找不回昔日的模样了。

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岛上特有的豪勋爵岛金啸鹟 摄影师:Lindell
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潮涨依旧潮落,太平洋依旧一望无际。

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汹涌的海浪依旧不停地冲刷着柏尔金字塔裸露的礁岩,只是没有人能够知道,在海天交汇的尽头,海浪会在明天带来什么。

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豪勋爵岛竹节虫不知道。人类同样不知。

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摄影师:NettyA
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这便是在大洋彼岸,一类小小昆虫,名为生存的冒险故事。

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我是犬君,希望你喜欢这个小小的故事,也希望这个故事能带给你些许感悟。

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谢谢!

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©犬君拌汪酱 知乎认证生物学、动物学、昆虫学优秀答主,快来关注这条人畜无害的生态狗吧!

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喜欢这篇回答的话给个点赞分享喜欢关注四连吧谢谢!

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查看知乎讨论
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给你们介绍一种因为人类活动而一度“灭绝”,又在与人类意外重逢后,一步步被从诺亚方舟上带回人间的极珍稀动物——豪勋爵岛竹节虫吧

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这是一种如龙虾般巨大的黑色竹节虫,在一百年前曾被认定灭绝。而在二十年前被好不容易重新发现时,也仅剩 24 只随时可能再度覆灭的残存个体

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跨越 80 年的重逢 图源:David Priddel et al., 2001
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这是一个关于毁灭与新生的故事——

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《豪勋爵岛竹节虫:没人知道海浪会带来什么,是毁灭还是新生》

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©犬君拌汪酱

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摄影师:Krissy
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没有人知道海浪会带来什么。

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十五世纪,南美的印第安人用石器耕种土地时,不会知道哥伦布的舰队正乘风而来;十八世纪,东方的巨龙开始闭关锁国时,看不到大洋彼岸的蒸汽冉冉升起。

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而在 1788 年,当大不列颠皇家海军的柏尔舰长,从位于悉尼的博特尼湾,前往诺福克岛流放罪犯时,孤悬于大洋上的那座无人岛尚且无名,岛上的那些竹节虫同样如此。

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而如今,我们称呼它们为豪勋爵岛,以及豪勋爵岛竹节虫。

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豪勋爵岛 摄影师:Dasha
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豪勋爵岛是座诞生于七百万年的火山岛,持续了五十万的地壳活动与海浪,带给它月牙般的形状,并留给它 14.55 平方千米的面积。

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这座大约上海市杨浦区四分之一大的小岛,从未成为过某块大陆的一部分。在它的西边,离它最近的澳大利亚麦克夸利港与它相距 780 千米,相当于青岛到上海;在它的东边,同样孤悬于大洋中的诺福克岛,与它相距 900 千米,接近于上海到厦门。

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红圈里的小岛便是豪勋爵岛 图源:google map
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在过往的千万年里,除了飞鸟与游鱼,没有生灵能够轻易跨越这么遥远的距离。而除了搭乘飞鸟的便车外,只有在狂风与巨浪过后,才会有零星说不上幸运还是不幸的生灵,被卷到这片孤悬的土地,然后挣扎着试图于此扎根。

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这座小岛离其它大陆实在是太远了,以至于大多生物前往这座小岛的船票都只有单程。整座小岛上一半的植物都是特有物种,还有至少 13 种鸟类,除了这座小岛,再也无法在别处找到。

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豪勋爵岛外围的 Blackburn Island 摄影师:Krissy
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1788 年 2 月,当大不列颠的柏尔舰长意外途经此处时,他惊奇地发现连南太平洋的波利尼西亚人都不曾知晓这座小岛。他殷勤地用时任大不列颠海军大臣的豪勋爵命名了这座岛,又在 1788 年 3 月返航途经此处,将小岛东南 23 千米处,一座耸立于海面的火山岩,命名为“柏尔金字塔”。

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然后他宣布,从即刻起,这里便是大不列颠的土地。

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柏尔金字塔 摄影师:Pauline and John Grimshaw
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不过不列颠的女王并没有派出总督统帅岛上的海鸟,而在那之后的一百多年,也只有追逐抹香鲸的捕鲸船,与满载货物的商船会途经此地,将这座小岛当做一个免费的补给点。

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没有人考虑仔细看看这座小岛上有些什么,但即使有人想过,可能也没用。就像彭林夫人号上的船医亚瑟,曾在 1788 年饶有兴致地绘制了豪勋爵岛秧鸡、豪勋爵岛泽鸡、豪勋爵岛鸽这三种岛上特有鸟类的画像,但在他画完后没不久,后两种鸟类便被水手们捕食殆尽了。

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亚瑟绘制的豪勋爵岛泽鸡
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与这些海鸟相比,岛上特有的巨大黑色竹节虫或许可以说是幸运的。

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它们有着黑色的甲壳,椭圆形的躯体,与粗壮的六肢。它们可以长到 20 厘米长,25 克重,趴在树上的时候,看起来就像是一只只没有钳子的小龙虾——也因此,它们获得了“树龙虾”(tree lobster)的俗名。

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好在即使看起来比一般昆虫要美味不少,水手们依旧倾向于将炙热的子弹射向呆头呆脑的海鸟,而不是将去掉头的竹节虫塞进嘴里。于是当悬崖边的海鸟如稻草般成片倒下的时候,岛上的竹节虫依旧享受了一百多年平静的岁月。

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除了偶有水手决定将它们做成鱼饵丢进海里,并没有多少人在意这种在岛上随处可见的大虫子。

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岛上特有的巨大黑色竹节虫 摄影师:Beth Chapman
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也因此,直到人类踏足这座小岛六十多年后的 1855 年,神父泽维尔·蒙鲁齐耶才通过标本将这种竹节虫定了种,并将它命名为“豪勋爵岛竹节虫(Dryococelus australis)”。

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然后又过了六十多年,昆虫学者莱亚·亚瑟才第一次通过文献,描述豪勋爵岛竹节虫是种喜欢在白天群聚躲在活树树洞里的夜行性食叶昆虫,它们喜欢天牛幼虫制造的树洞,并在一个树洞里最多同时发现过多达 68 只竹节虫——而这便也是在两百年间,对豪勋爵岛竹节虫生态习性的全部描述。

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叶片上的豪勋爵岛竹节虫 摄影师:Pavel German
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这种巨大的竹节虫曾经是很常见的,至少在豪勋爵岛上,它们曾经很常见。

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虔诚的信徒宣称,上帝创造世界用了七天。那他若是想要毁灭一个物种,又需要多长时间?

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——对于豪勋爵岛上巨大的竹节虫而言,是 9 天零两年。

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1918 年 6 月,马坎博号商船在豪勋爵岛岸边重重撞上了暗礁,这艘满载货物的商船在岛边足足搁浅了 9 天才修理完毕,然后重启追逐财富的远航。

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然而来自远方的商船上满载的并非只有货物,还有躲藏在暗影中的黑家鼠。当马坎博号的水手站在海边抓耳挠腮的时候,来自大洋彼岸的黑家鼠,也小心翼翼地踏上了潮湿的海岸,然后第一次,探索起了这片对于它们而言全新的土地。

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它们惊喜地发现这片土地上到处都是毫无反抗力的鲜美食材,比如产在地面的鸟蛋,比如挂在树上的幼蝠,以及遍布全岛的黑色竹节虫。

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灭世的黑家鼠与被袭击的鸟巢 摄影师:Nga Manu Images NZ
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豪勋爵岛竹节虫与绝大部分竹节虫不一样,它们没有翅膀。它们并不具备飞行的能力,所能依靠的,只有帮助它们在植物上快速爬行的强壮后腿。

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然而强弱是相对的,快慢也是。当一个人描述离弦的弓箭飞得有多快的时候,他选取的参照物一定不会是子弹。

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比起其它竹节虫,豪勋爵岛竹节虫跑得是比较快的。然而在旧大陆身经百战的黑家鼠眼里,豪勋爵岛竹节虫的“快”,无异于回旋寿司下转动的传送履带。它们只要优雅地伸出爪子,便能轻巧地将履带上的树龙虾抓起,而在咬开稍显坚硬的外壳后,紧实脆爽的肌肉会在它们的口腔中炸裂,迸发出富含氨基酸的甘美滋味。

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《黑家鼠》 图源:Biodiversity Heritage Library
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对于黑家鼠而言,偌大的豪勋爵岛不过是个无人打搅的自助餐厅。它们在上面不停地吃,不停地生,再继续不停地吃,然后仅仅花了两年时间,便将整座岛屿上的巨大竹节虫扫荡一空——从 1920 年起,人们便再也没能在豪勋爵岛上发现任何一只树龙虾了。

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不过严格来说,“树龙虾”并非是豪勋爵岛竹节虫独享的别名,至少有四种分布于世界各地的大型竹节虫,都被称作树龙虾。

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这四种树龙虾虽然形态相近,但亲缘关系却并没有很近。它们不过是因为生活在相似的环境中,从而通过趋同演化,进化成了相似的样子。

\n
\"\"
四种长相类似的“树龙虾” 图源:Thomas R. Buckley et al., 2009
\n

分子证据显示,早在两千两百万年前左右,豪勋爵岛竹节虫所在的分支,便与其它竹节虫分道扬镳了。

\n

比起只有七百万年历史的豪勋爵岛,豪勋爵岛竹节虫独立演化的历史要久太多了。我们可以轻易地推论,在来到豪勋爵岛前,它们便曾在某个地方待过漫长的时光。

\n

或许是巧合,又或许是必然,在豪勋爵岛西北有着一片已被海水淹没的海底山链,这片由于地壳运动而沉入海底的群山,曾几何时也是些岛屿,而其中最年长的那座诺瓦海底山,正好有着大约两千三百万的历史。

\n
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豪勋爵岛竹节虫与相近种的进化树 图源:Thomas R. Buckley et al., 2009
\n

iNnE6o\"> 那些巨大的黑色竹节虫,或许曾在这些旧日的岛屿上,度过了漫长的时光,直到汹涌的大洪水奔涌而至,无情地吞没了它们的家园。它们艰难地攀上名为浮木的诺亚方舟,在狂风中穿越层层巨浪,直至不知多少日夜之后,终于抵达一片全新的净土,然后重新在此繁衍生息。

\n

它们在这片净土上度过了百万年计的平静时间,直至两腿直立的巨人,在 9 天时间内引入了灭世的火种。随后末日的火焰越烧越旺,在两年之间,将竹节虫同它们的净土,一并燃烧殆尽。

\n

1920 年,就像人们擅自宣布这座岛屿属于大不列颠一样,人们又擅自宣布,名为豪勋爵岛竹节虫的昆虫,与过去两百年间那数以百计的物种一样,就此灭绝。

\n

延续了两千三百万年的冒险戛然而止,关于豪勋爵岛竹节虫的故事自此再无新篇。

\n

——如果柏尔金字塔不存在的话。

\n
\"\"
橡胶榕上的竹节虫 摄影师:Henry Cook
\n

还有人记得柏尔金字塔吗?就是那块大不列颠的柏尔船长用自己命名的火山岩。

\n

这块长 1100 米,宽 300 米,高 551 米的火山残骸,距离豪勋爵岛大约 23 千米。整块小山般的火山岩上,甚至连一棵树也没有,除了陡峭的岩壁与少数水鸟外,便只有着零星的几株灌木。

\n

没有人会真的在意这座火山岩,包括命名它的柏尔船长。高贵的大不列颠皇家海军舰长,才不会在意一座毫无开发价值的渺小火山,能进入他眼的,只有遥远的星辰大海与广阔土地。

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豪勋爵岛东南角的渺小火山 图源:google map
\n

在被命名后的两百年间,除了无需为填饱肚子烦恼的探险者,会偶尔前来追寻刺激,便再没人会来这块荒芜的火山岩。

\n

但即使如此,命运的齿轮终究还是被转动了。1964 年,攀岩者大卫·鲁茨在挑战柏尔金字塔的途中,发现了一只死去的豪勋爵岛竹节虫;五年之后,又有两只残缺的竹节虫尸体,在火山岩上被发现。

\n

得知消息的生态学者对此半信半疑,毕竟这块满是悬崖峭壁的火山岩,在理论上根本无法支撑一个大型树栖竹节虫的种群。但陆陆续续还是有科学家试探性地前往柏尔金字塔,然后不出意外地全部空手而归。

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1965 年,柏尔金字塔裸露的岩壁 摄影师:John Game
\n

直到 2001 年的 2 月 5 号,澳大利亚科学家大卫·普里德尔,带着一个四人小组重新踏上了这块火山残骸。他们再度确认这座小山上连一棵树也没有,而岛上几乎所有的植被,都分布在海拔大约 120 米处的一片狭窄的阶梯状岩地上。

\n

在这片岩地上,除了矮小的草本外,只有一种当地特有的白千层,也是岛上唯一的灌木。而这种灌木全部的个体加起来,也不过大约 30 株。

\n

而在这 30 株白千层中最大的那株下面,他们发现了疑似大型昆虫的粪便。

\n
\"\"
岛上特有的一种白千层灌木 摄影师:Tony Rodd
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他们决定在竹节虫活跃的晚上返回,于是在当天晚上 11 点零 7 分,他们在那株最大的白千层树冠边缘,发现了两只愉快地咀嚼着嫩叶的雌性竹节虫个体——这是时隔 80 年后,人类第一次再度见到活着的豪勋爵岛竹节虫。

\n

激动的调查小组甚至舍不得触碰这两只竹节虫,他们对灌木进行了探索,然后又在树冠中,发现了一只 8cm 长的雌性若虫。

\n

这便是在 2001 年,他们重新发现的全部三只豪勋爵岛竹节虫。

\n
\"\"
跨越时代的重逢 图源:David Priddel et al., 2001
\n

2002 年 3 月 26 号晚上,调查小组再度回到这座火山残骸。

\n

他们精心调查了除一处过度陡峭的崖壁外,岩地上全部的白千层。所有的白千层都集中在大约 30 米 *6 米的狭小范围内,也就是大约半个篮球场的大小。随后在这块大约半个篮球场大的地方,12 只豪勋爵岛竹节虫被发现在最大的那株白千层灌木上,另外 12 只零星分布在附近的 5 株小灌木上。

\n

他们在陡峭的崖壁上艰难地对十只个体进行了性别判断,确认其中有 8 只雌性,2 只雄性。悬殊的性别差异,或许是源于豪勋爵岛竹节虫具备的孤雌生殖能力,也或许正是因为能够孤雌生殖,这个仅有 24 个个体的渺小种群,才能在这块小小的火山岩上,残存至今。

\n
\"\"
豪勋爵岛竹节虫绿色的若虫 摄影师:San Diego Zoo
\n

2003 年,新南威尔士国家公园的一个研究团队,小心翼翼地在柏尔金字塔上搜集了两对竹节虫繁殖个体,交给了四位严阵以待的繁育专家。然而即使拼尽全力,送往悉尼的那对繁殖个体,依旧在一个月后死亡;而送往墨尔本动物园的雌性个体,也迅速濒死,直到繁育专家冒险使用了一种未经测试的全新手段,才使得本已濒死的雌性个体转危为安。

\n
\"\"
图:San Diego Zoo
\n

这一年,在墨尔本动物园幸存下来的两只豪勋爵岛竹节虫,顺利完成了繁衍,只是产下的卵孵化率极低。再往后一年,同样如此。

\n

直到 2006 年,繁育技术逐渐成熟后,墨尔本动物园终于有了 50 只豪勋爵岛竹节虫,并顺利收获了数千枚待孵化的卵;然后到了 2008 年,动物园里的豪勋爵岛竹节虫,已经有 700 只个体和 11376 枚卵;而到了 2012 年,墨尔本动物园已经共计繁育了超过 9000 只豪勋爵岛竹节虫。

\n
\"\"
豪勋爵岛竹节虫的卵 摄影师:John Koens
\n

曾经一度被宣布灭绝的黑色竹节虫,如今总算从灭绝的深渊中爬回了半边身子。与此同时,一项重引入项目也在持续推进中,只要消灭掉豪勋爵岛上所有的黑家鼠,人们便会将豪勋爵岛竹节虫,重新引回它们昔日的净土。

\n

——假如人类真能杀光那些黑家鼠的话。

\n

可即使豪勋爵岛竹节虫能够重回故土,这片土地也已经与它们祖辈的记忆不一样了。

\n

就像是这座小岛上曾经有过的至少 13 种特有鸟类,其中 9 种已经灭绝,1 种濒危,2 种易危,只剩下豪勋爵岛金啸鹟 1 种鸟类,尚且无危。

\n

而这座曾遗世独立了数百万年的小岛,也再也找不回昔日的模样了。

\n
\"\"
岛上特有的豪勋爵岛金啸鹟 摄影师:Lindell
\n

潮涨依旧潮落,太平洋依旧一望无际。

\n

汹涌的海浪依旧不停地冲刷着柏尔金字塔裸露的礁岩,只是没有人能够知道,在海天交汇的尽头,海浪会在明天带来什么。

\n

豪勋爵岛竹节虫不知道。人类同样不知。

\n
\"\"
摄影师:NettyA
\n

这便是在大洋彼岸,一类小小昆虫,名为生存的冒险故事。

\n

我是犬君,希望你喜欢这个小小的故事,也希望这个故事能带给你些许感悟。

\n

谢谢!

\n

©犬君拌汪酱 知乎认证生物学、动物学、昆虫学优秀答主,快来关注这条人畜无害的生态狗吧!

\n

喜欢这篇回答的话给个点赞分享喜欢关注四连吧谢谢!

\n
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查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", + "category": "", + "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783273", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:27:02 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "知乎", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "baaad9a203ac7f79f8404b26b6f0d7be", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "鲸鱼有肚脐眼吗?", + "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n

鲸鱼是胎生的,那脐带脱落下来后,肯定会留下疤痕,所以它肯定有肚脐。只不过不太好拍,看水下摄影师能不能拍到(或者想不想拍)。

\n

摄影师 mambolou [1]在水下来到白鲸的下方,给它拍了一张有点点“奇怪”的仰视图,可以完整的看到它的腹部,还有它的肚脐眼。

\n
\"\"
Beluga Siren
\n

摄影师拍的另一个视角,也能清晰看到白鲸的肚脐,甚至觉得它的腹肌有点性感……天天游泳做有氧能不身材好吗(%&¥##%

\n
\"\"
Beluga Siren
\n

亚历山大·沃斯(Alexander Werth) 和 托马斯·詹姆斯·福特(Thomas James Ford) 之前对白鲸的腹部做过一个专门的研究[2],下图是白鲸的腹部视图。指向线标记的是对称的收缩肌肉轮廓,可能是左侧腹直肌和右侧腹直肌。

\n
\"\"
\n

在文章内有一个示意图,可以很清楚看到雄性白鲸的肚脐(umbilicus)位置,还有一个比较敏感的位置……

\n
\"\"
\n

说到鲸鱼的腹肌,想起一个梗图。起源是海洋生物摄影师大卫 · 梅伦(David Merro)拍到了一张白鲸的照片:

\n
\"\"
David Merro
\n

刚好这头鲸鱼浮出水面的同时,胸腹部朝上,露出六块“腹肌”(注意打引号了)。大卫忍不住感慨:看起来这头鲸鱼天天去健身房!

\n

然后网友就做了各种梗图

\n
\"\"
\n

甚至手办

\n
\"\"
\n

不知道白鲸本鲸看了什么想法,可能会想:腹肌有是有,但你看到的其实是腹部脂肪层叠到了一起……

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n

获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", + "content": "
\"头图\"/
\n

鲸鱼是胎生的,那脐带脱落下来后,肯定会留下疤痕,所以它肯定有肚脐。只不过不太好拍,看水下摄影师能不能拍到(或者想不想拍)。

\n

摄影师 mambolou [1]在水下来到白鲸的下方,给它拍了一张有点点“奇怪”的仰视图,可以完整的看到它的腹部,还有它的肚脐眼。

\n
\"\"
Beluga Siren
\n

摄影师拍的另一个视角,也能清晰看到白鲸的肚脐,甚至觉得它的腹肌有点性感……天天游泳做有氧能不身材好吗(%&¥##%

\n
\"\"
Beluga Siren
\n

亚历山大·沃斯(Alexander Werth) 和 托马斯·詹姆斯·福特(Thomas James Ford) 之前对白鲸的腹部做过一个专门的研究[2],下图是白鲸的腹部视图。指向线标记的是对称的收缩肌肉轮廓,可能是左侧腹直肌和右侧腹直肌。

\n
\"\"
\n

在文章内有一个示意图,可以很清楚看到雄性白鲸的肚脐(umbilicus)位置,还有一个比较敏感的位置……

\n
\"\"
\n

说到鲸鱼的腹肌,想起一个梗图。起源是海洋生物摄影师大卫 · 梅伦(David Merro)拍到了一张白鲸的照片:

\n
\"\"
David Merro
\n

刚好这头鲸鱼浮出水面的同时,胸腹部朝上,露出六块“腹肌”(注意打引号了)。大卫忍不住感慨:看起来这头鲸鱼天天去健身房!

\n

然后网友就做了各种梗图

\n
\"\"
\n

甚至手办

\n
\"\"
\n

不知道白鲸本鲸看了什么想法,可能会想:腹肌有是有,但你看到的其实是腹部脂肪层叠到了一起……

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n

获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", + "category": "", + "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783264", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:27:02 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "知乎", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "6136897ba5dcc4ba68f0d1aa9d2a7454", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "瞎扯 · 如何正确地吐槽", + "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n
\n
Q:大家都做过什么诡异的梦?
\n
\n
\n
@山山而川 :梦见自己参加高考,结果考试搞活动,满 400 减 300 ,我考了 399 成了状元……
\n
\n
\n
Q:工作中,你捅过多大的娄子?结果你怎么样了?
\n
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@蓮華 :当你感到绝望的时候,不妨想想清津造船厂的技术工人。
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Q:在医院,医生真的很容易丢笔吗?
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@零触感特薄 :别听他们瞎说,笔这东西明明是越用越多的,根本不需要买。 我一开始只有一支,后来它自己无性生殖,越生越多,现在已经有二十多支啦,还有个别后代突变成了红笔和黑色油笔呢。
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Q:你见过最反人类的设计是什么?
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@库洛米 :折叠洗脚盆吧。 烫脚——踩边——盆塌——脚被烫——一地水,丝滑又完美。
\n
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Q:西安为什么会这么火 ?
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@无夜 :景区官方在售票窗口贴着提示劝游客不要买票,语气还很耿直。
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\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n", + "content": "
\"头图\"/
\n
\n
Q:大家都做过什么诡异的梦?
\n
\n
\n
@山山而川 :梦见自己参加高考,结果考试搞活动,满 400 减 300 ,我考了 399 成了状元……
\n
\n
\n
Q:工作中,你捅过多大的娄子?结果你怎么样了?
\n
\n
\n
@蓮華 :当你感到绝望的时候,不妨想想清津造船厂的技术工人。
\n
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\"\"\n
 
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\n
Q:在医院,医生真的很容易丢笔吗?
\n
\n
\n
@零触感特薄 :别听他们瞎说,笔这东西明明是越用越多的,根本不需要买。 我一开始只有一支,后来它自己无性生殖,越生越多,现在已经有二十多支啦,还有个别后代突变成了红笔和黑色油笔呢。
\n
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\n
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\n
\n
\n
\"\"\n
 
\n
 
\n
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\n
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\n
\n
\n
\n
Q:你见过最反人类的设计是什么?
\n
\n
\n
@库洛米 :折叠洗脚盆吧。 烫脚——踩边——盆塌——脚被烫——一地水,丝滑又完美。
\n
\n
\n
Q:西安为什么会这么火 ?
\n
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@无夜 :景区官方在售票窗口贴着提示劝游客不要买票,语气还很耿直。
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\n\n\n\n", + "category": "", + "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783259", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Thu, 14 Aug 2025 00:27:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "知乎", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "62bde31cc3ebc5d5e4fb20a3fb2a1139", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "灵长类生物在进化上比较明显的缺陷是什么?", + "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n

人的免疫系统不时被无害的东西不适当地激活、被危害较小的东西过度激活,给自己造成不同程度的损害,缺乏主动控制的机制。

\n
    \n
  • 非人哺乳类也会过敏[1]。人当前的过敏发病率似乎高于其他灵长类,这可能在一定程度上与人的生活方式有关。
  • \n
  • 人在营养供应充足、生活条件安全的情况下仍然如此,问题就会显得比较严重。
  • \n
\n

人基因组中的 inhba 增强子发生功能性调整,丧失激活再生的能力,受到较大伤害后难以完全恢复、会出现瘢痕组织,牙齿替换次数受限,脱发难以复原,身体机能劣化后难以恢复,诸如此类。

\n
    \n
  • 其他许多脊椎动物不同程度地有再生方面的问题,但是人在营养供应充足、生活条件安全的情况下仍然如此,问题就会显得比较严重。
  • \n
\n

灵长类的咽部结构有待优化,当前构造不时在吞咽时意外发生窒息,难以自行疏通气道。

\n

人的平衡系统有待优化,当前性能在视觉与本体感不一致时有概率引发晕动病,缺乏主动控制的机制。

\n\n

人的皮肤在局部受到刺激后可能滥用组胺,引起强烈瘙痒、抓挠,这可能会扩大损伤,缺乏主动控制的机制。

\n\n

人神经系统感知身体受损时常常触发负面情绪,还可能误用无关机制而平添精神痛苦,缺乏主动控制的机制。

\n

人能建立并维持一定程度关系的个体数量可能不超过 230,这可能在很大程度上归因于进化塑造的神经系统。在工业化社会里,这可能限制了人有效地合作来处理重大问题的能力——例如,读者觉得当前人类应对全球气候变化的表现怎么样?

\n
    \n
  • 罗宾·邓巴提出,一个人至多可以与约 100 到 230 人保持稳定的关系,平均人数约 150,这与人的新皮质规模有关。超过这数量的人可以合作但效率不容易维持。
  • \n
\n

灵长类的无尾表型多次独立出现,人和其他类人猿的无尾表型可能来自一处序列变异,这变异可能在一定范围内提高了神经管缺陷的发生率。可以看看:

\n

很多动物都有尾巴,为什么人没有尾巴?

\n

进化塑造的人脑工作方式、认知规律可能在一定程度上有利于谣言的出现和传播,因为谣言占用的认知资源更少或看起来更熟悉。

\n\n
\n

关于再生:

\n

人在胚胎发育的最初阶段启动着许多病毒基因和古老基因,具有高水准的再生能力:如果被切成两半,就会变成同卵双胞胎。类似的情况在其它哺乳类胚胎早期也存在,可以人工触发同卵多胞胎来加快家畜繁殖。

\n

在胚胎发育早期,人胎儿若断掉局部肢体,往往是可以完全再生的。

\n

随着胚胎发育进程,早期使用的一些基因相继关闭,人胚胎的再生能力迅速下降。

\n
    \n
  • 你的肚脐其实是一个疤痕,脐带疤痕。一些非人哺乳类的脐带疤痕会愈合消失。
  • \n
  • 出生后数年内,你的指尖·趾尖部分受损还是很可能完全再生的,这有明显的个体差异,有些人能维持到十几岁。
  • \n
  • 随着年龄增长,你能较好地再生的也就是外周血细胞、指甲、趾甲、毛发、表皮、舌头表层、消化道黏膜的部分构造、骨骼裂痕、子宫内膜[2]之类了。
  • \n
  • 以再生能力著称的肝脏其实很大程度上依靠细胞体积膨大来代偿,并不能完全再生。
  • \n
\n

包括人在内,一些物种成年之后再生能力的下降跟老化细胞没有被及时取代、再生上皮的形成速度和性能下降、免疫力衰退、细胞代谢压力变化等因素有关。

\n

灵长类与再生相关的基因问题可能追溯到哺乳动物的遥远祖先偶然地将一些关系到再生能力调控的 DNA 序列的功能搞出了毛病,导致现存哺乳动物发育到一定阶段之后对受伤的反应有问题。

\n

以下引用[3]:

\n
2020 年 9 月 4 日,美国斯托瓦斯医学研究所、霍华德·休斯医学研究所的王伟博士、Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado 院士与斯坦福大学 Anne Brunet 教授团队合作在 Science 杂志上发表了题为 Changes in regeneration-responsive enhancers shape regenerative capacities in vertebrates 的研究。该研究首次引入新再生模型——非洲鳉鱼,通过比较研究提出解释动物再生能力丢失的基于再生响应增强子的理论模型。
\n
\"\"
\n
\"\"
再生能力丢失的理论模型
\n

这项研究首次证实 inhba 再生响应增强子对器官再生是必须的,而且发现人类基因组中 inhba 增强子发生功能性调整而丧失激活再生的能力。

\n

你可以想到,成体再生能力的突然减弱并未明显影响哺乳动物在某个阶段的祖先产生可育后代的数量,这至少能视为中性性状而传遍种群、成为“祖传代码”。其他许多动物也有类似的情况。这在人身上早就构成了问题,古人经常在部分手指、脚趾、耳壳等损坏后存活多年,若再生相关调控正常,那些部件大概都可以完全恢复。

\n
    \n
  • 组织受损之后,人体可以激活负责再生缺损组织的细胞,但细胞激活之后往往不能正确地分化成需要补充的细胞。
  • \n
  • 瘢痕组织对人的伤口粗暴填充,组成疤痕的不再是组成“正常的肉”的细胞种类和细胞外基质类型。瘢痕组织的胶原蛋白呈现纤维化(胶原纤维在单一方向上对齐排列)而不是正常组织中的网篮状,而且可能过度堆积胶原蛋白而造成凹凸不平[4],或者因为缺失原本应该支撑皮肤的肌肉而凹陷下去。
  • \n
  • 这种低水平修复连毛囊、毛发、汗腺、表皮脊状网都不能长出来,就更无法期待重新长出缺损肢体对应的骨骼、肌肉、大血管和神经了,瘢痕组织的毛细血管配置往往都和正常组织不一样[5]。
  • \n
  • 心肌梗塞之后进行修复也会产生疤痕,因此性能会比原本的心肌更差,增加心力衰竭的风险。
  • \n
  • 脑部或脊髓损伤通常会导致神经胶质细胞形成瘢痕组织。胶质瘢痕由密集的神经胶质细胞组成,缺乏功能性神经元,长期被视为神经再生的障碍,但其分泌的生长因子又是神经再生所需要的,因此处理起来十分麻烦。目前研究的方向是利用病毒载体调高神经胶质细胞中的神经转录因子水平,诱导其转化为功能性神经元。
  • \n
\n

再生相关的基因仍然存在于包括人在内的脊椎动物的基因组,可以在特定情况下启动。2021 年初,Michael Levin 等运用多种药物让非洲爪蟾肢体再生[6],实验显示这只需要十分简单的处理。对于人,启动和调节需要的条件有待研究。

\n

这里有一些似是而非的误解。脊椎动物的循环系统在大失血时很容易致死,看起来能当做“脊椎动物保留再生能力的作用有限”的证据,但是小伤口、视网膜损伤、耳膜损伤、心肌瘢痕、神经瘢痕之类跟大失血无关。再生这些东西需要的物质与能量没有多少,况且自然界的哺乳动物有许多吃得肥肥大大的,一些海洋哺乳类可以肥到难以克服自己的浮力去潜水的程度。

\n

成年脊椎动物的脑、肺、肠道上皮、骨骼肌等处通常还有干细胞存在,一些肝细胞、胰细胞可以转分化并再生受损的组织。一部分脊椎动物靠干细胞、未分化的祖细胞或组织细胞去分化(已经分化的细胞去分化成干细胞,再进行分裂、分化,在人类的实验室里也能诱导多种细胞这样行动)和转分化[7]来再生特定的部位:

\n
    \n
  • 不少蝾螈物种能够再生四肢、尾巴、脊髓、眼睛,有些蝾螈物种甚至能够再生晶状体和一半的脑(这对绝大部分有这两件构造的生物来说都是不可能的),成年蝾螈的晶状体剥离后,新晶状体细胞由背侧虹膜色素上皮细胞转分化而来。
  • \n
  • 斑马鱼和多鳍鱼可以再生鱼鳍,斑马鱼可以用祖细胞再生心肌。
  • \n
  • 斑马鱼、多鳍鱼、蝾螈的再生过程涉及 10 个一样的 miRNA,一般认为是继承自它们在距今 2.4 亿年前的共同祖先。这也说明人类祖先的相关遗传问题至少能追溯到那个年代。
  • \n
  • 自然环境中也有一些哺乳类的再生能力部分恢复,刺毛鼠属的 Acomys kempi 与 Acomys percivali 能够再生毛囊、皮肤、汗腺、毛皮、软骨。墨菲罗斯大鼠能够再生心肌细胞,相比之下,一般的大鼠的幼鼠可以再生心肌细胞而成年鼠的心肌损伤后很难再生。通过对比,已经找到 36 个与这种再生能力相关的基因[8]。
  • \n
\n

实验证明,通过敲除激活状态相关的转录因子,可以让自然条件下和人一样缺少视网膜再生能力的小鼠变得像斑马鱼那样可以再生视网膜。

\n

2021 到 2022 年,2 项针对小鼠指尖再生的研究显示,触发哺乳动物的肢体再生需要特定的机械力,而不像蝾螈、多鳍鱼那样在正常条件下需要神经提供的特定因子[9][10];另外,蝾螈的无疤痕再生需要一定数量的巨噬细胞、与 Toll 样受体[11]有关,而小鼠巨噬细胞促进疤痕形成[12]。

\n
    \n
  • 正常条件下,蝾螈肢体的再生受神经分泌的一些因子调控,如果你破坏肢体时弄断了肢体里的所有神经或大部分神经纤维,那么失去神经控制的组织会出现广泛的炎症反应、组织液化,甚至整条肢体脱落,从最终停止崩解的部位再生[13] [14] [15]。
  • \n
  • 移除蝾螈胚胎的神经管后培养出的无神经蝾螈的肢体可以在没有神经的状态下再生[16];将这种状态的蝾螈的肢体移植到有神经的蝾螈身上,后者的神经会在数天内接管肢体再生的控制,让其变得需要神经才能再生[17]。
  • \n
\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n

获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
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", + "content": "
\"头图\"/
\n

人的免疫系统不时被无害的东西不适当地激活、被危害较小的东西过度激活,给自己造成不同程度的损害,缺乏主动控制的机制。

\n
    \n
  • 非人哺乳类也会过敏[1]。人当前的过敏发病率似乎高于其他灵长类,这可能在一定程度上与人的生活方式有关。
  • \n
  • 人在营养供应充足、生活条件安全的情况下仍然如此,问题就会显得比较严重。
  • \n
\n

人基因组中的 inhba 增强子发生功能性调整,丧失激活再生的能力,受到较大伤害后难以完全恢复、会出现瘢痕组织,牙齿替换次数受限,脱发难以复原,身体机能劣化后难以恢复,诸如此类。

\n
    \n
  • 其他许多脊椎动物不同程度地有再生方面的问题,但是人在营养供应充足、生活条件安全的情况下仍然如此,问题就会显得比较严重。
  • \n
\n

灵长类的咽部结构有待优化,当前构造不时在吞咽时意外发生窒息,难以自行疏通气道。

\n

人的平衡系统有待优化,当前性能在视觉与本体感不一致时有概率引发晕动病,缺乏主动控制的机制。

\n\n

人的皮肤在局部受到刺激后可能滥用组胺,引起强烈瘙痒、抓挠,这可能会扩大损伤,缺乏主动控制的机制。

\n\n

人神经系统感知身体受损时常常触发负面情绪,还可能误用无关机制而平添精神痛苦,缺乏主动控制的机制。

\n

人能建立并维持一定程度关系的个体数量可能不超过 230,这可能在很大程度上归因于进化塑造的神经系统。在工业化社会里,这可能限制了人有效地合作来处理重大问题的能力——例如,读者觉得当前人类应对全球气候变化的表现怎么样?

\n
    \n
  • 罗宾·邓巴提出,一个人至多可以与约 100 到 230 人保持稳定的关系,平均人数约 150,这与人的新皮质规模有关。超过这数量的人可以合作但效率不容易维持。
  • \n
\n

灵长类的无尾表型多次独立出现,人和其他类人猿的无尾表型可能来自一处序列变异,这变异可能在一定范围内提高了神经管缺陷的发生率。可以看看:

\n

很多动物都有尾巴,为什么人没有尾巴?

\n

进化塑造的人脑工作方式、认知规律可能在一定程度上有利于谣言的出现和传播,因为谣言占用的认知资源更少或看起来更熟悉。

\n\n
\n

关于再生:

\n

人在胚胎发育的最初阶段启动着许多病毒基因和古老基因,具有高水准的再生能力:如果被切成两半,就会变成同卵双胞胎。类似的情况在其它哺乳类胚胎早期也存在,可以人工触发同卵多胞胎来加快家畜繁殖。

\n

在胚胎发育早期,人胎儿若断掉局部肢体,往往是可以完全再生的。

\n

随着胚胎发育进程,早期使用的一些基因相继关闭,人胚胎的再生能力迅速下降。

\n
    \n
  • 你的肚脐其实是一个疤痕,脐带疤痕。一些非人哺乳类的脐带疤痕会愈合消失。
  • \n
  • 出生后数年内,你的指尖·趾尖部分受损还是很可能完全再生的,这有明显的个体差异,有些人能维持到十几岁。
  • \n
  • 随着年龄增长,你能较好地再生的也就是外周血细胞、指甲、趾甲、毛发、表皮、舌头表层、消化道黏膜的部分构造、骨骼裂痕、子宫内膜[2]之类了。
  • \n
  • 以再生能力著称的肝脏其实很大程度上依靠细胞体积膨大来代偿,并不能完全再生。
  • \n
\n

包括人在内,一些物种成年之后再生能力的下降跟老化细胞没有被及时取代、再生上皮的形成速度和性能下降、免疫力衰退、细胞代谢压力变化等因素有关。

\n

灵长类与再生相关的基因问题可能追溯到哺乳动物的遥远祖先偶然地将一些关系到再生能力调控的 DNA 序列的功能搞出了毛病,导致现存哺乳动物发育到一定阶段之后对受伤的反应有问题。

\n

以下引用[3]:

\n
2020 年 9 月 4 日,美国斯托瓦斯医学研究所、霍华德·休斯医学研究所的王伟博士、Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado 院士与斯坦福大学 Anne Brunet 教授团队合作在 Science 杂志上发表了题为 Changes in regeneration-responsive enhancers shape regenerative capacities in vertebrates 的研究。该研究首次引入新再生模型——非洲鳉鱼,通过比较研究提出解释动物再生能力丢失的基于再生响应增强子的理论模型。
\n
\"\"
\n
\"\"
再生能力丢失的理论模型
\n

这项研究首次证实 inhba 再生响应增强子对器官再生是必须的,而且发现人类基因组中 inhba 增强子发生功能性调整而丧失激活再生的能力。

\n

你可以想到,成体再生能力的突然减弱并未明显影响哺乳动物在某个阶段的祖先产生可育后代的数量,这至少能视为中性性状而传遍种群、成为“祖传代码”。其他许多动物也有类似的情况。这在人身上早就构成了问题,古人经常在部分手指、脚趾、耳壳等损坏后存活多年,若再生相关调控正常,那些部件大概都可以完全恢复。

\n
    \n
  • 组织受损之后,人体可以激活负责再生缺损组织的细胞,但细胞激活之后往往不能正确地分化成需要补充的细胞。
  • \n
  • 瘢痕组织对人的伤口粗暴填充,组成疤痕的不再是组成“正常的肉”的细胞种类和细胞外基质类型。瘢痕组织的胶原蛋白呈现纤维化(胶原纤维在单一方向上对齐排列)而不是正常组织中的网篮状,而且可能过度堆积胶原蛋白而造成凹凸不平[4],或者因为缺失原本应该支撑皮肤的肌肉而凹陷下去。
  • \n
  • 这种低水平修复连毛囊、毛发、汗腺、表皮脊状网都不能长出来,就更无法期待重新长出缺损肢体对应的骨骼、肌肉、大血管和神经了,瘢痕组织的毛细血管配置往往都和正常组织不一样[5]。
  • \n
  • 心肌梗塞之后进行修复也会产生疤痕,因此性能会比原本的心肌更差,增加心力衰竭的风险。
  • \n
  • 脑部或脊髓损伤通常会导致神经胶质细胞形成瘢痕组织。胶质瘢痕由密集的神经胶质细胞组成,缺乏功能性神经元,长期被视为神经再生的障碍,但其分泌的生长因子又是神经再生所需要的,因此处理起来十分麻烦。目前研究的方向是利用病毒载体调高神经胶质细胞中的神经转录因子水平,诱导其转化为功能性神经元。
  • \n
\n

再生相关的基因仍然存在于包括人在内的脊椎动物的基因组,可以在特定情况下启动。2021 年初,Michael Levin 等运用多种药物让非洲爪蟾肢体再生[6],实验显示这只需要十分简单的处理。对于人,启动和调节需要的条件有待研究。

\n

这里有一些似是而非的误解。脊椎动物的循环系统在大失血时很容易致死,看起来能当做“脊椎动物保留再生能力的作用有限”的证据,但是小伤口、视网膜损伤、耳膜损伤、心肌瘢痕、神经瘢痕之类跟大失血无关。再生这些东西需要的物质与能量没有多少,况且自然界的哺乳动物有许多吃得肥肥大大的,一些海洋哺乳类可以肥到难以克服自己的浮力去潜水的程度。

\n

成年脊椎动物的脑、肺、肠道上皮、骨骼肌等处通常还有干细胞存在,一些肝细胞、胰细胞可以转分化并再生受损的组织。一部分脊椎动物靠干细胞、未分化的祖细胞或组织细胞去分化(已经分化的细胞去分化成干细胞,再进行分裂、分化,在人类的实验室里也能诱导多种细胞这样行动)和转分化[7]来再生特定的部位:

\n
    \n
  • 不少蝾螈物种能够再生四肢、尾巴、脊髓、眼睛,有些蝾螈物种甚至能够再生晶状体和一半的脑(这对绝大部分有这两件构造的生物来说都是不可能的),成年蝾螈的晶状体剥离后,新晶状体细胞由背侧虹膜色素上皮细胞转分化而来。
  • \n
  • 斑马鱼和多鳍鱼可以再生鱼鳍,斑马鱼可以用祖细胞再生心肌。
  • \n
  • 斑马鱼、多鳍鱼、蝾螈的再生过程涉及 10 个一样的 miRNA,一般认为是继承自它们在距今 2.4 亿年前的共同祖先。这也说明人类祖先的相关遗传问题至少能追溯到那个年代。
  • \n
  • 自然环境中也有一些哺乳类的再生能力部分恢复,刺毛鼠属的 Acomys kempi 与 Acomys percivali 能够再生毛囊、皮肤、汗腺、毛皮、软骨。墨菲罗斯大鼠能够再生心肌细胞,相比之下,一般的大鼠的幼鼠可以再生心肌细胞而成年鼠的心肌损伤后很难再生。通过对比,已经找到 36 个与这种再生能力相关的基因[8]。
  • \n
\n

实验证明,通过敲除激活状态相关的转录因子,可以让自然条件下和人一样缺少视网膜再生能力的小鼠变得像斑马鱼那样可以再生视网膜。

\n

2021 到 2022 年,2 项针对小鼠指尖再生的研究显示,触发哺乳动物的肢体再生需要特定的机械力,而不像蝾螈、多鳍鱼那样在正常条件下需要神经提供的特定因子[9][10];另外,蝾螈的无疤痕再生需要一定数量的巨噬细胞、与 Toll 样受体[11]有关,而小鼠巨噬细胞促进疤痕形成[12]。

\n
    \n
  • 正常条件下,蝾螈肢体的再生受神经分泌的一些因子调控,如果你破坏肢体时弄断了肢体里的所有神经或大部分神经纤维,那么失去神经控制的组织会出现广泛的炎症反应、组织液化,甚至整条肢体脱落,从最终停止崩解的部位再生[13] [14] [15]。
  • \n
  • 移除蝾螈胚胎的神经管后培养出的无神经蝾螈的肢体可以在没有神经的状态下再生[16];将这种状态的蝾螈的肢体移植到有神经的蝾螈身上,后者的神经会在数天内接管肢体再生的控制,让其变得需要神经才能再生[17]。
  • \n
\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
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\n\n\n\n

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", + "category": "", + "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783252", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Thu, 14 Aug 2025 00:27:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "知乎", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "c2cb7e759c3845932d8ee2e67304d84f", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "有哪些植物,是全身上下都可以吃的呢?", + "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n

那不得不提萝卜了。

\n

萝卜咱都认识,十字花科萝卜属蔬菜

\n

除了根茎能吃,萝卜樱子蘸着大酱也嗷嗷脆,

\n

萝卜花能炒菜,籽炒熟就是大名鼎鼎的中药莱菔子。

\n

就连成年的叶片也能吃,还有专门的叶用品种,

\n
\"\"
\n

从头到尾到须子全能吃,这可是大~补啊~

\n

种类也是多的出奇。

\n

啥红萝卜,白萝卜,青萝卜,紫心萝卜,樱桃小萝卜,花心大萝卜,

\n

各种萝卜汇一起那可是群英荟萃!

\n
我看像萝卜开会。
\n
\"\"
\n

哎,这可不能叫萝卜开会,因为长的像萝卜的不一定就是萝卜。

\n

首先是咱最熟的,胡萝北(Daucus carotavar.sativaHoffm.),不是萝卜。

\n

它是隔壁伞形科的,正经和芹菜,芫荽(香菜)是亲戚。

\n

所以胡萝卜叶子虽然也能吃,但是叶子多少有点怪味。

\n

胡萝北在欧洲还有个亲戚,长得像掉色胡萝北。

\n
\"\"
\n

这是欧防风(Pastinaca sativa),伞形科欧防风属植物,绰号芹菜胡萝卜。

\n

据说吃起来有一种沙沙的口感,味道更甜,类似甘草,还带有一丝香料的味道,老外喜欢吃。

\n

国内也有引进,一般作为观赏植物,那应该不好吃。

\n

而我国也有和欧防风同款色系长的像萝卜的玩意,

\n
\"\"
\n

南方的小伙伴应该都挺熟,豆薯,俗称凉薯,南方也叫地瓜。

\n

这离着就更远了,属于豆科植物。

\n

吃法是扒掉皮直接啃,有股淡淡的甜味,蛮脆生的。

\n

由于叶子和种子都含有鱼藤酮,有毒,所以不能吃。

\n

另外这东西不能吃太多,不然容易窜稀。

\n

实际上,在蔬菜里,长得像还真不算啥事。

\n

你看这大青萝卜有点丑是吧?

\n
\"\"
\n

嘿嘿,这是芥根,也叫光头芥,主要用来腌咸菜。

\n

和萝卜同属十字花科,但是属于芸薹属的,本体是芥菜的根用变种,由芸薹与黑芥杂交而来。

\n

芥菜听着耳熟是吧?叶用变种也有,雪里蕻,南方的雪菜就是这东西。

\n

茎用变种还有,不常见的是苤蓝,常见的榨菜,儿菜都是。

\n

籽更别说了,碾碎捣鼓下就是芥末,蒸馏稀释榨油一兑就是芥末油。

\n

全身上下就没浪费的地儿。

\n

你看下面这紫色小圆扁萝卜挺水灵是吧?

\n
\"\"
\n

吧出来蘸酱咬一口...这玩意咋跟白菜帮子似得一点不脆?!!

\n

嘿嘿,你猜对了,这是芜菁,正经芸薹属蔬菜。

\n

芸薹有点陌生是吧?代表蔬菜白菜,这玩意算是白菜的根用变种。

\n

一般用来入药,老外也爱吃。

\n

白菜叶子能吃就不用说,大白菜小白菜,青菜油菜鸡毛菜,其实全是白菜的不同变种。

\n

花也能吃,绿的是菜心,紫的是菜薹,

\n

这仨摆一起谁能想到是一种植物。

\n
\"\"
\n

芸薹属的老二是甘蓝,就是咱俗称的卷心菜。

\n

既然都是亲戚,肯定也有跟用变种啊,芜菁甘蓝。长得也像萝卜。

\n

不咋好吃,中医入药,适合喂老外。

\n
\"\"
\n

叶用变种甘蓝紫甘蓝,包菜,卷心菜,

\n

还有专门用来观赏的羽衣甘蓝,一般用于路边绿化带。

\n
\"\"
什么?现在减肥的都去啃绿化带了?!!!
\n

花用变种花椰菜,西蓝花,没错,花菜是卷心菜的花。

\n

经济作物甘蓝型油菜,

\n

南方用来榨菜籽油的就是这东西,由甘蓝和白菜杂交而成。

\n

像萝卜,全株能吃,能开会,没毛病。

\n

咱继续往下看。

\n

这个长得特别红的萝北,应该挺好吃吧?

\n
\"\"
\n

你拔了一个,啃了口,发现不光甜滋滋的,吃完晚上还尿血。

\n

完蛋,中毒了。

\n

其实这也不是萝北,而是这是苋科的甜菜。

\n

可以榨糖,富含丰富的甜菜红素,这是一种水溶性含氮色素。

\n

人体吸收后可以直接通过肾脏进入尿液。

\n
\"\"
\n

近期世面冒出一种叫火焰参的补品,一泡红彤彤的,

\n

商家吹的可玄乎了,又是养生又是保健,

\n

实际就是甜菜干。

\n

另外,甜菜的叶也能吃,吃之前记得焯水,

\n

苋科通病,叶子草酸高,吃多容易尿结石。

\n

咱继续看,

\n

有些地方有这种水晶萝卜,小小一个嘎嘣脆,这是啥?

\n
\"\"
\n

这是红花酢浆草(Oxalis corymbosa)的根茎,属于酢浆草科的植物。

\n

本体长这样,

\n
\"\"
\n

俗称的三叶草,叶子有股酸味,小时候偶尔嚼两片味道不错。

\n

不过这玩意叶片含有可溶性草酸钙,尝尝行,不能当菜吃可。

\n

看到这是不是感觉万物皆萝卜,人工选育很神奇?

\n

还有更神奇的,你知道这种黑萝卜是啥吗?

\n
\"\"
\n

其实俺也不认识,由此特意百度了一下。

\n

各大百科都非常详细的介绍说是菊科牛蒡属。

\n

本体是牛蒡。

\n
\"\"
\n

本体是牛蒡?!!!这事有点不可思议。

\n

于是去咨询下专业的小伙伴。

\n

小伙伴告诉我栽培种和野生种区别很大,就算亲缘远叶型也是可以相似的,

\n

比如甘蓝(十字花科芸薹属)和生菜(菊科莴苣属)的结球性状是相似的基因控制。

\n

不信我给你找下图鉴,

\n

别我煞有其事的解释了半天结果是数据源的问题。

\n

五分钟后.....

\n

兄弟,讲个事。

\n

我相信了选育的力量了,却忽视了中文互联网复制粘贴不验证的的实力。

\n

这 TM 就是萝卜,,,,[1][2]

\n
\"\"
\n

更离谱的是这个问题不止有一个网友发现提出,

\n

愣是没改.......

\n
\"\"
\n

那这个黑萝卜是牛蒡咋来的呢?

\n

小伙伴也很认真的找了下植物志,植物志里给的俗名只有大力子和恶实,没有黑萝卜。

\n

而溯源的话最早能找到的是知网一篇叫《蔬菜新品种牛蒡的栽培》讲根皮近黑色,俗称黑萝卜。

\n
\"\"
\n

实际牛蒡长这样,和萝卜差不小。

\n
\"\"
\n

各百科直接复制过来,然后把黑萝卜当牛蒡了。。。。。

\n

万万没想到啊,外国真有黑萝卜。

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", + "content": "
\"头图\"/
\n

那不得不提萝卜了。

\n

萝卜咱都认识,十字花科萝卜属蔬菜

\n

除了根茎能吃,萝卜樱子蘸着大酱也嗷嗷脆,

\n

萝卜花能炒菜,籽炒熟就是大名鼎鼎的中药莱菔子。

\n

就连成年的叶片也能吃,还有专门的叶用品种,

\n
\"\"
\n

从头到尾到须子全能吃,这可是大~补啊~

\n

种类也是多的出奇。

\n

啥红萝卜,白萝卜,青萝卜,紫心萝卜,樱桃小萝卜,花心大萝卜,

\n

各种萝卜汇一起那可是群英荟萃!

\n
我看像萝卜开会。
\n
\"\"
\n

哎,这可不能叫萝卜开会,因为长的像萝卜的不一定就是萝卜。

\n

首先是咱最熟的,胡萝北(Daucus carotavar.sativaHoffm.),不是萝卜。

\n

它是隔壁伞形科的,正经和芹菜,芫荽(香菜)是亲戚。

\n

所以胡萝卜叶子虽然也能吃,但是叶子多少有点怪味。

\n

胡萝北在欧洲还有个亲戚,长得像掉色胡萝北。

\n
\"\"
\n

这是欧防风(Pastinaca sativa),伞形科欧防风属植物,绰号芹菜胡萝卜。

\n

据说吃起来有一种沙沙的口感,味道更甜,类似甘草,还带有一丝香料的味道,老外喜欢吃。

\n

国内也有引进,一般作为观赏植物,那应该不好吃。

\n

而我国也有和欧防风同款色系长的像萝卜的玩意,

\n
\"\"
\n

南方的小伙伴应该都挺熟,豆薯,俗称凉薯,南方也叫地瓜。

\n

这离着就更远了,属于豆科植物。

\n

吃法是扒掉皮直接啃,有股淡淡的甜味,蛮脆生的。

\n

由于叶子和种子都含有鱼藤酮,有毒,所以不能吃。

\n

另外这东西不能吃太多,不然容易窜稀。

\n

实际上,在蔬菜里,长得像还真不算啥事。

\n

你看这大青萝卜有点丑是吧?

\n
\"\"
\n

嘿嘿,这是芥根,也叫光头芥,主要用来腌咸菜。

\n

和萝卜同属十字花科,但是属于芸薹属的,本体是芥菜的根用变种,由芸薹与黑芥杂交而来。

\n

芥菜听着耳熟是吧?叶用变种也有,雪里蕻,南方的雪菜就是这东西。

\n

茎用变种还有,不常见的是苤蓝,常见的榨菜,儿菜都是。

\n

籽更别说了,碾碎捣鼓下就是芥末,蒸馏稀释榨油一兑就是芥末油。

\n

全身上下就没浪费的地儿。

\n

你看下面这紫色小圆扁萝卜挺水灵是吧?

\n
\"\"
\n

吧出来蘸酱咬一口...这玩意咋跟白菜帮子似得一点不脆?!!

\n

嘿嘿,你猜对了,这是芜菁,正经芸薹属蔬菜。

\n

芸薹有点陌生是吧?代表蔬菜白菜,这玩意算是白菜的根用变种。

\n

一般用来入药,老外也爱吃。

\n

白菜叶子能吃就不用说,大白菜小白菜,青菜油菜鸡毛菜,其实全是白菜的不同变种。

\n

花也能吃,绿的是菜心,紫的是菜薹,

\n

这仨摆一起谁能想到是一种植物。

\n
\"\"
\n

芸薹属的老二是甘蓝,就是咱俗称的卷心菜。

\n

既然都是亲戚,肯定也有跟用变种啊,芜菁甘蓝。长得也像萝卜。

\n

不咋好吃,中医入药,适合喂老外。

\n
\"\"
\n

叶用变种甘蓝紫甘蓝,包菜,卷心菜,

\n

还有专门用来观赏的羽衣甘蓝,一般用于路边绿化带。

\n
\"\"
什么?现在减肥的都去啃绿化带了?!!!
\n

花用变种花椰菜,西蓝花,没错,花菜是卷心菜的花。

\n

经济作物甘蓝型油菜,

\n

南方用来榨菜籽油的就是这东西,由甘蓝和白菜杂交而成。

\n

像萝卜,全株能吃,能开会,没毛病。

\n

咱继续往下看。

\n

这个长得特别红的萝北,应该挺好吃吧?

\n
\"\"
\n

你拔了一个,啃了口,发现不光甜滋滋的,吃完晚上还尿血。

\n

完蛋,中毒了。

\n

其实这也不是萝北,而是这是苋科的甜菜。

\n

可以榨糖,富含丰富的甜菜红素,这是一种水溶性含氮色素。

\n

人体吸收后可以直接通过肾脏进入尿液。

\n
\"\"
\n

近期世面冒出一种叫火焰参的补品,一泡红彤彤的,

\n

商家吹的可玄乎了,又是养生又是保健,

\n

实际就是甜菜干。

\n

另外,甜菜的叶也能吃,吃之前记得焯水,

\n

苋科通病,叶子草酸高,吃多容易尿结石。

\n

咱继续看,

\n

有些地方有这种水晶萝卜,小小一个嘎嘣脆,这是啥?

\n
\"\"
\n

这是红花酢浆草(Oxalis corymbosa)的根茎,属于酢浆草科的植物。

\n

本体长这样,

\n
\"\"
\n

俗称的三叶草,叶子有股酸味,小时候偶尔嚼两片味道不错。

\n

不过这玩意叶片含有可溶性草酸钙,尝尝行,不能当菜吃可。

\n

看到这是不是感觉万物皆萝卜,人工选育很神奇?

\n

还有更神奇的,你知道这种黑萝卜是啥吗?

\n
\"\"
\n

其实俺也不认识,由此特意百度了一下。

\n

各大百科都非常详细的介绍说是菊科牛蒡属。

\n

本体是牛蒡。

\n
\"\"
\n

本体是牛蒡?!!!这事有点不可思议。

\n

于是去咨询下专业的小伙伴。

\n

小伙伴告诉我栽培种和野生种区别很大,就算亲缘远叶型也是可以相似的,

\n

比如甘蓝(十字花科芸薹属)和生菜(菊科莴苣属)的结球性状是相似的基因控制。

\n

不信我给你找下图鉴,

\n

别我煞有其事的解释了半天结果是数据源的问题。

\n

五分钟后.....

\n

兄弟,讲个事。

\n

我相信了选育的力量了,却忽视了中文互联网复制粘贴不验证的的实力。

\n

这 TM 就是萝卜,,,,[1][2]

\n
\"\"
\n

更离谱的是这个问题不止有一个网友发现提出,

\n

愣是没改.......

\n
\"\"
\n

那这个黑萝卜是牛蒡咋来的呢?

\n

小伙伴也很认真的找了下植物志,植物志里给的俗名只有大力子和恶实,没有黑萝卜。

\n

而溯源的话最早能找到的是知网一篇叫《蔬菜新品种牛蒡的栽培》讲根皮近黑色,俗称黑萝卜。

\n
\"\"
\n

实际牛蒡长这样,和萝卜差不小。

\n
\"\"
\n

各百科直接复制过来,然后把黑萝卜当牛蒡了。。。。。

\n

万万没想到啊,外国真有黑萝卜。

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", + "category": "", + "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783253", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Thu, 14 Aug 2025 00:27:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "知乎", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "1a911c5ac2d742a59a873ffa4bfdef2d", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "有什么动物的牙齿天生是金属的?", + "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n

之前写了一个回答,河狸啃树时会不会夹到头?,用了一张图片:

\n
\"\"
\n

有人在评论区问,那牙齿经常磨,应该白花花才对,怎么还那么黄?

\n

当然不是因为没用高 X 洁,而是因为牙齿里有铁(水合物的形式)。

\n
\"\"
\n

它不是整个牙齿都是金属的,只有珐琅质部分是含铁的,根据研究[1],含铁的河狸牙齿比普通的牙齿更耐酸,可以加强牙齿,减少腐蚀。

\n

副作用也很明显,就是牙齿变成黄澄澄的,看起来不够清爽。

\n

还有另一个家伙,它的牙齿里也有金属。它就是石鳖,在地球上存在了四亿多年。

\n

科学家感兴趣的是它的牙,因为它的牙由磁铁矿(

\n

\"\"

\n

晶体)构成,堪称地球上最坚硬的牙。下图是石鳖牙齿在光学显微镜下的照片。

\n
\"\"
\n

上个世纪六十年代,科学家在石鳖齿舌主要横向牙齿中发现了磁铁矿。因为磁铁矿的存在,横向牙齿出现不透明的黑色,和其他透明的牙有明显区别。

\n

后来研究发现,除了磁铁矿,石鳖齿舌中还有其他形式的铁矿化合物。不同的石鳖种类,有着不同成分、结构、分布不同的铁矿化合物。

\n

下图是另一种石鳖的牙,斯特勒氏隐石鳖,黑色牙齿就是最硬的[2]。

\n
\"\"
\n

石鳖的牙齿长在舌头上,有数百颗牙齿。

\n
\"\"
\n

在扫描电子显微镜能量色散 X 射线光谱元素图中,你可以看到它牙齿尖端部分富含磁铁矿。

\n
\"\"
\n
\"\"
\n

人工合成磁铁矿需要在一些严苛的条件下进行,而生物体只在常温常压下就合成了物理性能良好的纳米磁铁矿,这就是大自然神奇的地方。石鳖虽然是”软“体动物,却有着最硬的牙。

\n

有一种吻沙蚕,生活在浅海环境中,它 4 个黑色的尖牙里有 10%的铜(水合物形式)[3],可以咬穿一些生物的外骨骼,将毒液注入猎物体内,使猎物瘫痪。

\n
\"\"
\n

被咬到的话,手指可能会肿上半个多月。

\n
\"\"
\n

如果你说牙齿是由金属单质构成,那只有人类的假牙了,非天然。

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", + "content": "
\"头图\"/
\n

之前写了一个回答,河狸啃树时会不会夹到头?,用了一张图片:

\n
\"\"
\n

有人在评论区问,那牙齿经常磨,应该白花花才对,怎么还那么黄?

\n

当然不是因为没用高 X 洁,而是因为牙齿里有铁(水合物的形式)。

\n
\"\"
\n

它不是整个牙齿都是金属的,只有珐琅质部分是含铁的,根据研究[1],含铁的河狸牙齿比普通的牙齿更耐酸,可以加强牙齿,减少腐蚀。

\n

副作用也很明显,就是牙齿变成黄澄澄的,看起来不够清爽。

\n

还有另一个家伙,它的牙齿里也有金属。它就是石鳖,在地球上存在了四亿多年。

\n

科学家感兴趣的是它的牙,因为它的牙由磁铁矿(

\n

\"\"

\n

晶体)构成,堪称地球上最坚硬的牙。下图是石鳖牙齿在光学显微镜下的照片。

\n
\"\"
\n

上个世纪六十年代,科学家在石鳖齿舌主要横向牙齿中发现了磁铁矿。因为磁铁矿的存在,横向牙齿出现不透明的黑色,和其他透明的牙有明显区别。

\n

后来研究发现,除了磁铁矿,石鳖齿舌中还有其他形式的铁矿化合物。不同的石鳖种类,有着不同成分、结构、分布不同的铁矿化合物。

\n

下图是另一种石鳖的牙,斯特勒氏隐石鳖,黑色牙齿就是最硬的[2]。

\n
\"\"
\n

石鳖的牙齿长在舌头上,有数百颗牙齿。

\n
\"\"
\n

在扫描电子显微镜能量色散 X 射线光谱元素图中,你可以看到它牙齿尖端部分富含磁铁矿。

\n
\"\"
\n
\"\"
\n

人工合成磁铁矿需要在一些严苛的条件下进行,而生物体只在常温常压下就合成了物理性能良好的纳米磁铁矿,这就是大自然神奇的地方。石鳖虽然是”软“体动物,却有着最硬的牙。

\n

有一种吻沙蚕,生活在浅海环境中,它 4 个黑色的尖牙里有 10%的铜(水合物形式)[3],可以咬穿一些生物的外骨骼,将毒液注入猎物体内,使猎物瘫痪。

\n
\"\"
\n

被咬到的话,手指可能会肿上半个多月。

\n
\"\"
\n

如果你说牙齿是由金属单质构成,那只有人类的假牙了,非天然。

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", + "category": "", + "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783248", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Thu, 14 Aug 2025 00:27:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "知乎", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "a8c83903cdc486302c92b57ecea19a24", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "瞎扯 · 如何正确地吐槽", + "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n
\n
\n\n
\n
@黑板界的亮枇杷 :《无人在意死在教室都没人发现的透明中等生》
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\"\"\n
 
\n
 
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
 
\n
\n
\n\n
\n
@安安 :晚上聊得正嗨,突然一个老头敲了下门: 403 ,记违纪一次。
\n
\n\n
\n
@这群鱼很开心 :不是,但是觉得这句好笑又符合刻板印象所以回答一下。
\n
\"\"
\n
\nQ:你碰到过的最巧的事是什么?
\n
\n
\n
@deerymay : 09 年家里被入室盗窃,每天晚上不离耳、 32 首歌的顺序记得滚瓜烂熟的的 mp3 被偷了。 12 年和朋友去一家私人甜品店,店里放的歌顺序一模一样,一首不差。 很想问老板是不是改过行……
\n
\n
\n
Q:你在什么时候觉得宠物爱着你?
\n
\n
\n
@洛卍 :当我发烧三十九度多起不来床的时候。把它最爱的晚饭青蛙叼到我的床头给我吃。
\n
\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n", + "content": "
\"头图\"/
\n
\n
\n\n
\n
@黑板界的亮枇杷 :《无人在意死在教室都没人发现的透明中等生》
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\"\"\n
 
\n
 
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
 
\n
\n
\n\n
\n
@安安 :晚上聊得正嗨,突然一个老头敲了下门: 403 ,记违纪一次。
\n
\n\n
\n
@这群鱼很开心 :不是,但是觉得这句好笑又符合刻板印象所以回答一下。
\n
\"\"
\n
\nQ:你碰到过的最巧的事是什么?
\n
\n
\n
@deerymay : 09 年家里被入室盗窃,每天晚上不离耳、 32 首歌的顺序记得滚瓜烂熟的的 mp3 被偷了。 12 年和朋友去一家私人甜品店,店里放的歌顺序一模一样,一首不差。 很想问老板是不是改过行……
\n
\n
\n
Q:你在什么时候觉得宠物爱着你?
\n
\n
\n
@洛卍 :当我发烧三十九度多起不来床的时候。把它最爱的晚饭青蛙叼到我的床头给我吃。
\n
\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n", + "category": "", + "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783246", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Wed, 13 Aug 2025 00:27:03 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "知乎", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "8b9c4965f0f5d0d07679ce67802d649a", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "卖鱼老婆婆说,「鱼直接捞放塑料袋比放在有水的桶里拎过去放生更容易活」,她这是哪门子道理?", + "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n

鱼会“溺”死在浅水里,塑料袋不加水反倒减少了鱼的运动耗能,还增加了鱼的吸氧,在长途运输的时候为了减少鱼的运动耗氧,甚至会对鱼进行麻醉。

\n

反常识的是,水少的情况下,鱼会在水桶里“溺死”,而只要保持腮的湿润,鱼就能存活好几个小时甚至十几小时。

\n

鱼会溺死?真的假的?

\n

那我们先来思考下这个问题:为什么世界上最大、海洋顶级猎食者鲸目的各种动物下海以后没有改用腮呼吸啊?

\n

在常温常压(25°C,1 atm)下,水中溶解氧 ≈ 8.26 ~ 8.47 mg/L,而空气中氧气体积比约为 21%,空气中氧气含量 ≈ 248.6 mg/L。

\n

也就是说,单位体积空气中的氧含量比水中多 29 倍。

\n

如果换算成单位质量,那空气中氧含量是水中的28000 倍。

\n

像虎鲸这种顶级猎食者脑子好使,耗能也高,代谢也高,水中那点溶氧根本就不够。

\n

在空气中呼吸然后储存氧气才是上策。

\n

所以反直觉的是,鱼在空气中其实不是因为空气缺氧而憋死的。而是因为它们的呼吸方式跟我们不一样。

\n

鱼鳃必须保持湿润才能呼吸,粗糙的比喻,你可以把鱼鳃呼吸想成吹肥皂泡。

\n

你挤一点洗洁精加水,可以吹出泡泡,因为清洁剂降低了水的表面张力,能包住空气形成泡泡。

\n

但是只有洗洁精没有水的时候,或者只有水没有清洁剂的时候,你再怎么吹也吹不出泡泡了;

\n

鱼鳃也是靠那一层薄薄的水膜来进行气体交换的;

\n

一旦这层水膜干掉,氧气就进不去了,等于“封死了呼吸口”。

\n
\"\"
\n

约等于腮湿润的时候可以吹泡泡,腮干了以后鱼就会被封喉。

\n

所以塑料袋确实比一小袋水科学,只要弄湿鱼鳃,鱼就可以呼吸空气中的氧气。

\n

而一小袋或者一小桶里的水溶氧被鱼吸完了以后,反倒更容易“溺水”(憋死)。

\n

渔民很早就发现了这个现象,所以福建才有独特的弓鱼术:

\n
\"\"
\n

只要把鱼绑起来不让它们乱动,减少氧气消耗,再加上保持腮的湿润,就能运输很长时间。

\n

而现代的运输鱼车也是异曲同工之妙。

\n

长途运输时要让鱼昏迷减少运动消耗的氧。

\n

方法是在水中注入二氧化碳和氧气各 50%,让鱼处于昏迷状态后,这样运输过程哪怕几十个小时鱼也可以安眠,到达目的地后,再放入清水中,只需几分钟,鱼便可苏醒。

\n

甚至有时候二氧化碳还不够,还要上专门的鱼类麻醉剂 *1:

\n
\"\"
\n

因为在长途高密度的情况下,虽然多装一些鱼可以提高运输效率,然而在一定的溶氧条件和水体积限制下,鱼类的运输密度越高,水体中积累的代谢废物和氨氮含量越高,溶氧量也随之降低。

\n

此外,高密度运输环境中,鱼体会由于挤压碰撞甚至互相攻击而产生较强应激,导致鱼类的血液皮质醇(COR)水平升高。

\n

所以买鱼的时候直接把鱼打晕(注意别打死了)然后装塑料袋用湿巾润湿腮,是能保证最久的运输方式,可以走几小时回家都没问题。

\n

以上~

\n

参考文献:1 鱼类麻醉保活运输研究进展

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", + "content": "
\"头图\"/
\n

鱼会“溺”死在浅水里,塑料袋不加水反倒减少了鱼的运动耗能,还增加了鱼的吸氧,在长途运输的时候为了减少鱼的运动耗氧,甚至会对鱼进行麻醉。

\n

反常识的是,水少的情况下,鱼会在水桶里“溺死”,而只要保持腮的湿润,鱼就能存活好几个小时甚至十几小时。

\n

鱼会溺死?真的假的?

\n

那我们先来思考下这个问题:为什么世界上最大、海洋顶级猎食者鲸目的各种动物下海以后没有改用腮呼吸啊?

\n

在常温常压(25°C,1 atm)下,水中溶解氧 ≈ 8.26 ~ 8.47 mg/L,而空气中氧气体积比约为 21%,空气中氧气含量 ≈ 248.6 mg/L。

\n

也就是说,单位体积空气中的氧含量比水中多 29 倍。

\n

如果换算成单位质量,那空气中氧含量是水中的28000 倍。

\n

像虎鲸这种顶级猎食者脑子好使,耗能也高,代谢也高,水中那点溶氧根本就不够。

\n

在空气中呼吸然后储存氧气才是上策。

\n

所以反直觉的是,鱼在空气中其实不是因为空气缺氧而憋死的。而是因为它们的呼吸方式跟我们不一样。

\n

鱼鳃必须保持湿润才能呼吸,粗糙的比喻,你可以把鱼鳃呼吸想成吹肥皂泡。

\n

你挤一点洗洁精加水,可以吹出泡泡,因为清洁剂降低了水的表面张力,能包住空气形成泡泡。

\n

但是只有洗洁精没有水的时候,或者只有水没有清洁剂的时候,你再怎么吹也吹不出泡泡了;

\n

鱼鳃也是靠那一层薄薄的水膜来进行气体交换的;

\n

一旦这层水膜干掉,氧气就进不去了,等于“封死了呼吸口”。

\n
\"\"
\n

约等于腮湿润的时候可以吹泡泡,腮干了以后鱼就会被封喉。

\n

所以塑料袋确实比一小袋水科学,只要弄湿鱼鳃,鱼就可以呼吸空气中的氧气。

\n

而一小袋或者一小桶里的水溶氧被鱼吸完了以后,反倒更容易“溺水”(憋死)。

\n

渔民很早就发现了这个现象,所以福建才有独特的弓鱼术:

\n
\"\"
\n

只要把鱼绑起来不让它们乱动,减少氧气消耗,再加上保持腮的湿润,就能运输很长时间。

\n

而现代的运输鱼车也是异曲同工之妙。

\n

长途运输时要让鱼昏迷减少运动消耗的氧。

\n

方法是在水中注入二氧化碳和氧气各 50%,让鱼处于昏迷状态后,这样运输过程哪怕几十个小时鱼也可以安眠,到达目的地后,再放入清水中,只需几分钟,鱼便可苏醒。

\n

甚至有时候二氧化碳还不够,还要上专门的鱼类麻醉剂 *1:

\n
\"\"
\n

因为在长途高密度的情况下,虽然多装一些鱼可以提高运输效率,然而在一定的溶氧条件和水体积限制下,鱼类的运输密度越高,水体中积累的代谢废物和氨氮含量越高,溶氧量也随之降低。

\n

此外,高密度运输环境中,鱼体会由于挤压碰撞甚至互相攻击而产生较强应激,导致鱼类的血液皮质醇(COR)水平升高。

\n

所以买鱼的时候直接把鱼打晕(注意别打死了)然后装塑料袋用湿巾润湿腮,是能保证最久的运输方式,可以走几小时回家都没问题。

\n

以上~

\n

参考文献:1 鱼类麻醉保活运输研究进展

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", + "category": "", + "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783238", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Wed, 13 Aug 2025 00:27:03 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "知乎", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "aaabbe20e065e47599ef70ccd130fc96", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "吸血鬼吸到血栓会嚼一嚼咽下去吗?", + "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n

很好的问题,让我揭棺而起,爱来自罗马尼亚。

\n

作为一名活了一百来年的年轻人,我的回答是:吸血鬼可能吸到血栓后嚼一嚼咽下去,不过吸血鬼吸到血栓有点不可能。

\n
\"\"
华法琳应该不至于吓到路人了……吧?
\n

原因很简单,我们吸血鬼都属于犬齿(第四对齿,也就是上下颚各一对的尖牙)比较发达,用于快速刺破受害者的皮肤和血管壁来吸食血液的类型。

\n
\"\"
也就是这个
\n

但是问题来了:人类(和我们)的犬齿外径约为 8~12mm,而且呈现扁菱形,而静脉血栓直径一般在几毫米到几厘米之间(来自吸血鬼老前辈的劝告:动脉就不要想了,会死人并且滋你一脸汤的),就这么直接一口下去想吸出血栓来还是有点难度的。

\n
\"\"
况且看这个伤口也不太像是能吸出血栓来的样子……要是牙齿留在伤口里的话组织和牙齿之间的缝隙(吸血鬼的牙缝?)可能也就不到一毫米吧,怎么看怎么觉得吸不出来……
\n

看到上图的注解有些小伙伴可能就会问了:老师老师,你们吸血鬼不能把牙拔出来再喝吗?

\n

问得好,这样我们要面对的问题就是人类(和其他哺乳动物)的凝血系统了(骗你的,牙留在里面其实也会凝血)。

\n
\"\"
凝血过程
\n

当血管破损时,血小板和凝血酶会被招募而来,做阻止出血的尝试,而作为贵族,我们在进食的时候要尽可能地保持优雅,因此我们应当尽可能避免使劲嘬对方的脖子(这可能会发出不雅的声音并导致社会性死亡),而应该让血液因血压自行流入口中——这也就彻底引出了我们今天要讨论的话题:

\n

包括我们在内的吸血动物如何阻止凝血?

\n

首先上场的是来自肮脏的双翅目的“不讲究派”,让我们用热烈的掌声(呃……或者拍蚊子声?)欢迎它们——

\n

双翅目的吸血动物至少独立起源了十次以上,分散在蚊科、蠓科(甚至在这一个小小的科里吸血特征都独立起源了两次以上)、蚋科、虻科、舌蝇科、蚤蝇科、臭蝇科、寄蝇科等类群中,其抗凝系统也多有不同,而对生活在温带的现代人来说最熟悉的莫过于蚊科,因此我们着重讲解。

\n
\"\"
白纹伊蚊 Aedes albopictus
\n

这些烦人的小东西经常停在人类身上,而你们往往对它们毫无察觉,这主要“归功”于其唾液中含有的抗炎物质 D7 蛋白破坏了花生四烯酸等痛觉介质,而其唾液中还含有腺苷酸酶、钙结合蛋白、凝血酶抑制蛋白等,分别从血小板聚集与激活、凝血酶激活和纤维蛋白形成三个凝血过程中的重要步骤阻断凝血,这帮助这帮小玩意甚至不需要往外嘬就能利用你们的血压喝到血。

\n
\"\"
凝血酶抑制蛋白 III(Antithrombin III)
\n

然后是南方和东南亚的朋友们比较熟悉的玩意——蚂蟥(水蛭),当然,患有血栓的朋友们可能也听说过它。

\n

蚂蟥目前位于环节动物门 - 新环节类(Pleistoannelida)- 隐居类(Sedentaria)- 有环带类(Clitellata,即广义寡毛类)- 蛭纲(Hirudinea),值得一提的是,蛭纲不全是吸血类型,一些基干蛭纲动物与蚯蚓类似,营腐生生活,而吸血这个食性在蛭纲内部至少独立起源了两次,目前估计是 2~4 次。

\n

好吧,废话说完了,现在让我们回到主题——水蛭是怎么对抗凝血的呢?

\n

答案是:本质上还是靠唾液中含有的物质,不过这一次有所不同。

\n

水蛭的唾液中含有小蛋白水蛭素(Hirudin)、多种蛋白酶抑制剂、降解纤维蛋白原的蛋白酶(如 Hementin)、降解纤维蛋白的蛋白酶(如 Destabilase),以及抑制血小板黏附的 Calin。

\n

看到这是不是头都大了?放心,我只讲水蛭素和丝氨酸蛋白酶 Destabilase——或者说只重点讲它们——其他的都是顺便一提而已。

\n
\"\"
水蛭素,由 65 个氨基酸构成
\n

凝血过程中的重要一步是凝血酶催化的纤维蛋白原活化,如果将这一步阻断,那么凝血系统前面所做的一切都将付之东流(全 部 木 大),而蚂蟥正是看到了这一点,搞出了水蛭素这一凝血酶抑制剂,水蛭素的 N 末端可以与凝血酶的活性位点结合,而其 C 末端则可以和凝血酶的疏水性外部结合区(即凝血酶的底物识别位点)结合,导致凝血酶既不能识别底物又不能催化反应,于是纤维蛋白原就永远也不会被激活了。

\n

凝血过程中的另一重要步骤则是纤维蛋白间的互相交联,这一交联是由γ- 羧基谷氨酸的γ- 羧基与赖氨酸的ε- 氨基间形成肽键完成的,而 Destabilase 恰好能够水解这一肽键,使纤维蛋白去交联,从而直接溶解血栓。

\n
\"\"
γ- 羧基谷氨酸
\n

PS,维生素 K 和华法林(重申,是药物,不是某游戏里那个经常被挂舰桥的白发小姐!)也是通过促进 / 抑制谷氨酸的γ- 羧化修饰促进 / 抑制凝血的。

\n
\"\"
\n

那么,终于等到了今天的重头戏——我们的“亲戚”与化身——吸血蝙蝠。

\n
\"\"
普通吸血蝙蝠(Desmodus rotundus)
\n

与各位想象的不同,吸血在翼手目(Chiroptera,即蝙蝠)中有且仅有一次起源,并且在翼手目中不占多数。

\n

吸血蝙蝠全部属于叶口蝠科(Phyllostomidae)下的吸血蝙蝠亚科(Desmodontinae)这一单系群,翼手目中吃什么的都有——吃虫子的、吃水果的、吃花蜜的、吃鱼的、吃肉的(部分大型食肉蝙蝠如幽灵面蝠 / 假吸血蝠(Vampyrum spectrum)翼展可达 1 米左右,已经可以和小型隼形目掰腕子了)还有什么都吃一点的——但吸血的确实仅此一家,别无分店,倍儿地道(bushi)。

\n

话又说回来了,吸血蝙蝠这一特殊的哺乳类又是如何抵抗凝血的呢?

\n

答案与之前那两个类群大同小异——抑制凝血因子、抑制血小板、降解纤维蛋白。

\n

吸血蝙蝠有独特的凝血因子抑制蛋白——Draculin,它是一类糖蛋白,主要通过可逆地与因子 IXa 和因子 Xa 结合并抑制其活性,这一结合将导致凝血酶无法被激活,进而使纤维蛋白原无法被水解为具有凝血活性的纤维蛋白,从而阻止了凝血。

\n
\"\"
Draculin,属于乳铁蛋白家族,在其他哺乳动物中的旁系同源物具有抗菌活性
\n

除此之外,吸血蝙蝠还表达 Desmokinase 蛋白,这是与人类体内纤溶酶激活物 PA(plasminogen activator)有类似功能的一种丝氨酸蛋白酶,可以激活具有溶栓作用的丝氨酸蛋白酶纤溶酶(Plasmin),从而溶解血栓。

\n
\"\"
纤溶酶,Desmokinase 的结构压根找不到……
\n

因此,我的回答是:压根吸不到血栓,你叫我怎么嚼?( ̄~ ̄)

\n

以上,还有,回去躺平了,下次见。

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", + "content": "
\"头图\"/
\n

很好的问题,让我揭棺而起,爱来自罗马尼亚。

\n

作为一名活了一百来年的年轻人,我的回答是:吸血鬼可能吸到血栓后嚼一嚼咽下去,不过吸血鬼吸到血栓有点不可能。

\n
\"\"
华法琳应该不至于吓到路人了……吧?
\n

原因很简单,我们吸血鬼都属于犬齿(第四对齿,也就是上下颚各一对的尖牙)比较发达,用于快速刺破受害者的皮肤和血管壁来吸食血液的类型。

\n
\"\"
也就是这个
\n

但是问题来了:人类(和我们)的犬齿外径约为 8~12mm,而且呈现扁菱形,而静脉血栓直径一般在几毫米到几厘米之间(来自吸血鬼老前辈的劝告:动脉就不要想了,会死人并且滋你一脸汤的),就这么直接一口下去想吸出血栓来还是有点难度的。

\n
\"\"
况且看这个伤口也不太像是能吸出血栓来的样子……要是牙齿留在伤口里的话组织和牙齿之间的缝隙(吸血鬼的牙缝?)可能也就不到一毫米吧,怎么看怎么觉得吸不出来……
\n

看到上图的注解有些小伙伴可能就会问了:老师老师,你们吸血鬼不能把牙拔出来再喝吗?

\n

问得好,这样我们要面对的问题就是人类(和其他哺乳动物)的凝血系统了(骗你的,牙留在里面其实也会凝血)。

\n
\"\"
凝血过程
\n

当血管破损时,血小板和凝血酶会被招募而来,做阻止出血的尝试,而作为贵族,我们在进食的时候要尽可能地保持优雅,因此我们应当尽可能避免使劲嘬对方的脖子(这可能会发出不雅的声音并导致社会性死亡),而应该让血液因血压自行流入口中——这也就彻底引出了我们今天要讨论的话题:

\n

包括我们在内的吸血动物如何阻止凝血?

\n

首先上场的是来自肮脏的双翅目的“不讲究派”,让我们用热烈的掌声(呃……或者拍蚊子声?)欢迎它们——

\n

双翅目的吸血动物至少独立起源了十次以上,分散在蚊科、蠓科(甚至在这一个小小的科里吸血特征都独立起源了两次以上)、蚋科、虻科、舌蝇科、蚤蝇科、臭蝇科、寄蝇科等类群中,其抗凝系统也多有不同,而对生活在温带的现代人来说最熟悉的莫过于蚊科,因此我们着重讲解。

\n
\"\"
白纹伊蚊 Aedes albopictus
\n

这些烦人的小东西经常停在人类身上,而你们往往对它们毫无察觉,这主要“归功”于其唾液中含有的抗炎物质 D7 蛋白破坏了花生四烯酸等痛觉介质,而其唾液中还含有腺苷酸酶、钙结合蛋白、凝血酶抑制蛋白等,分别从血小板聚集与激活、凝血酶激活和纤维蛋白形成三个凝血过程中的重要步骤阻断凝血,这帮助这帮小玩意甚至不需要往外嘬就能利用你们的血压喝到血。

\n
\"\"
凝血酶抑制蛋白 III(Antithrombin III)
\n

然后是南方和东南亚的朋友们比较熟悉的玩意——蚂蟥(水蛭),当然,患有血栓的朋友们可能也听说过它。

\n

蚂蟥目前位于环节动物门 - 新环节类(Pleistoannelida)- 隐居类(Sedentaria)- 有环带类(Clitellata,即广义寡毛类)- 蛭纲(Hirudinea),值得一提的是,蛭纲不全是吸血类型,一些基干蛭纲动物与蚯蚓类似,营腐生生活,而吸血这个食性在蛭纲内部至少独立起源了两次,目前估计是 2~4 次。

\n

好吧,废话说完了,现在让我们回到主题——水蛭是怎么对抗凝血的呢?

\n

答案是:本质上还是靠唾液中含有的物质,不过这一次有所不同。

\n

水蛭的唾液中含有小蛋白水蛭素(Hirudin)、多种蛋白酶抑制剂、降解纤维蛋白原的蛋白酶(如 Hementin)、降解纤维蛋白的蛋白酶(如 Destabilase),以及抑制血小板黏附的 Calin。

\n

看到这是不是头都大了?放心,我只讲水蛭素和丝氨酸蛋白酶 Destabilase——或者说只重点讲它们——其他的都是顺便一提而已。

\n
\"\"
水蛭素,由 65 个氨基酸构成
\n

凝血过程中的重要一步是凝血酶催化的纤维蛋白原活化,如果将这一步阻断,那么凝血系统前面所做的一切都将付之东流(全 部 木 大),而蚂蟥正是看到了这一点,搞出了水蛭素这一凝血酶抑制剂,水蛭素的 N 末端可以与凝血酶的活性位点结合,而其 C 末端则可以和凝血酶的疏水性外部结合区(即凝血酶的底物识别位点)结合,导致凝血酶既不能识别底物又不能催化反应,于是纤维蛋白原就永远也不会被激活了。

\n

凝血过程中的另一重要步骤则是纤维蛋白间的互相交联,这一交联是由γ- 羧基谷氨酸的γ- 羧基与赖氨酸的ε- 氨基间形成肽键完成的,而 Destabilase 恰好能够水解这一肽键,使纤维蛋白去交联,从而直接溶解血栓。

\n
\"\"
γ- 羧基谷氨酸
\n

PS,维生素 K 和华法林(重申,是药物,不是某游戏里那个经常被挂舰桥的白发小姐!)也是通过促进 / 抑制谷氨酸的γ- 羧化修饰促进 / 抑制凝血的。

\n
\"\"
\n

那么,终于等到了今天的重头戏——我们的“亲戚”与化身——吸血蝙蝠。

\n
\"\"
普通吸血蝙蝠(Desmodus rotundus)
\n

与各位想象的不同,吸血在翼手目(Chiroptera,即蝙蝠)中有且仅有一次起源,并且在翼手目中不占多数。

\n

吸血蝙蝠全部属于叶口蝠科(Phyllostomidae)下的吸血蝙蝠亚科(Desmodontinae)这一单系群,翼手目中吃什么的都有——吃虫子的、吃水果的、吃花蜜的、吃鱼的、吃肉的(部分大型食肉蝙蝠如幽灵面蝠 / 假吸血蝠(Vampyrum spectrum)翼展可达 1 米左右,已经可以和小型隼形目掰腕子了)还有什么都吃一点的——但吸血的确实仅此一家,别无分店,倍儿地道(bushi)。

\n

话又说回来了,吸血蝙蝠这一特殊的哺乳类又是如何抵抗凝血的呢?

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答案与之前那两个类群大同小异——抑制凝血因子、抑制血小板、降解纤维蛋白。

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吸血蝙蝠有独特的凝血因子抑制蛋白——Draculin,它是一类糖蛋白,主要通过可逆地与因子 IXa 和因子 Xa 结合并抑制其活性,这一结合将导致凝血酶无法被激活,进而使纤维蛋白原无法被水解为具有凝血活性的纤维蛋白,从而阻止了凝血。

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Draculin,属于乳铁蛋白家族,在其他哺乳动物中的旁系同源物具有抗菌活性
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除此之外,吸血蝙蝠还表达 Desmokinase 蛋白,这是与人类体内纤溶酶激活物 PA(plasminogen activator)有类似功能的一种丝氨酸蛋白酶,可以激活具有溶栓作用的丝氨酸蛋白酶纤溶酶(Plasmin),从而溶解血栓。

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纤溶酶,Desmokinase 的结构压根找不到……
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因此,我的回答是:压根吸不到血栓,你叫我怎么嚼?( ̄~ ̄)

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以上,还有,回去躺平了,下次见。

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查看知乎讨论
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\n\n\n\n", + "category": "", + "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783244", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Wed, 13 Aug 2025 00:27:03 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "知乎", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "0d72dea868b890986eefea96585f9bfb", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "手术时把大脑拿出来还能接回去吗?", + "description": "
\"头图\"/
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可以接回去,但 100%死亡,绝对没有生还的可能,哪怕一秒钟,大脑拿出来的那一刻,人就死亡。(文章最后更新举例 - 面神经修复 100 多年发展史,也算是这 100 多年科技发展的一个)

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大脑的复杂程度,绝对比人类所有科技加起来还要复杂的多,要拿出大脑,就要把脑干分离,而且是横切面直接一刀切断,脑动脉静脉,12 对颅内神经,全部割断。

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先不说大大小小的血管能不能接回去,大脑拿出来供血停止 2-5 分钟就会直接脑死亡,就算有技术能让大脑供血正常,有能力把大大小小的血管接回去。 12 对颅内神经,除了运动神经接回去可能还有部分功能,其它感觉神经交感神经切断了就直接功能报废,接回去也没用。

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单就一个面神经,目前只要面神经切断了,把它接回去后只有 50%左右的运动神经纤维能恢复功能,其它混合的交感神经感觉神经无解。

\n

你看到的是一个大脑拿出来,医生看到的是几十亿几百亿的神经细胞轴突断裂,就算真的有造物主,科技领先人类几百几千万年,也不可能有技术把这些断裂的轴突给接回去。(别杠,杠就是你不懂医学)

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___________

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这是真实的头部血管标本,绿色的是大脑静脉血管,密集程度跟我们的头发差不多。单这些动脉和静脉要全部接回去正常运行,这种技术未来几百年也不一定能实现。更别说更复杂的颅内神经,还有更庞大复杂的脑干中枢。

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________________

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有回答说我们不能预判几百年后的科技,或许几百年后的科技会突破我的想象。

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确实我们不知道几百年后的科技会发展成什么样,但我们知道我们的大脑有多复杂,下面是显微镜下 12 对颅神经中一根神经截面图,一根神经有几万几十万跟神经纤维,一根神经纤维有几万几十万个神经细胞组成,一个神经元单位有几千上万个树突突触和另一个神经元连接在一起。

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上图是显微镜下的神经纤维结构

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\"\"
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上图是单个神经细胞,可以看到神经细胞周围很多丝状点物,这些是神经树突和突触,单个神经元单位就有几百几千上万个轴突点。

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试问几百年后科技能进步到把这些轴突毫无误差的给接回去? 能接单个神经轴突,怎么接一个细胞上几千个突触?怎么接一根神经纤维上几十万个神经元?怎么接一根神经上几千上万的纤维?

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目前的科技水平,一个 CPU 断裂后都无法复原,几百年后的科技水平也不一定能把断裂的 CPU 内部结构物理复原。

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更别说更加复杂的神经......

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评论区很多朋友说未来的纳米机器人,ai 技术突破。

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我们来分析一下纳米机器人可否行。我对机械和动力学是完全小白,但我知道一个能做修复的纳米机器人,需要安装动力系统,需要安装芯片做出指令。

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纳米机器人的动力系统,需要纳米级别更小的动力转换机,这个比制造简单的纳米机器人更加复杂吧?

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纳米集成芯片,这个芯片需要有复杂的指令,最少也要有几百万个晶体管吧,这就远远超过过了纳米级别。

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可能有人朋友抖音经常会刷到这个

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看起来是不是很科幻?科技进步到了这个地步,上面的机器人细胞一样大小。现实是........

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它压根儿不是什么机器人,只是一种磁控材料,而且大小是 1 毫米。也就是 1000000 纳米,和纳米机器人没有半毛线关系。

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目前所谓的纳米机器人,只是我们幻想的一个概念,地球上的现有物质不可能制造出达到 1μm(1000 纳米)大小的机器人(有学材料学的大神可以科普一下知识)。这种概念现在被很多营销号大吹特吹,明明是毫米亚毫米都还无法实现的东西,直接套用纳米上去吸引眼球。

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毫米级别的真正意义上的机器人未来几百年都不可能实现,比毫米小一百万倍的纳米机器人未来需要多久可以实现????

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更新一下:

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没想到这随口回答一个问题,这么多人评论。

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评论里好多朋友说修复大脑困难,转移人脑记忆和意识更有可能实现。

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人脑的运行逻辑,远比把大脑接回去更加复杂,大脑会思考问题,有自我意识,会自我学习进步变得更加聪明。

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目前我们人类的现有知识,根本就理解不了大脑自我意识的运行逻辑是什么。等未来我们的知识能够解读这种自我意识的逻辑,那我们就是所谓的造物主了,直接把这套逻辑写进一个机器人芯片上,这个机器人就是硅基生命。这完全就会颠覆生物里念,我们这身脆弱不堪的肉体狗都会嫌弃了......

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拥有硅基生命体,独自一人遨游银河系都不是梦,不死不灭,永存不朽!

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醒醒..... 这是不可能的啦,如果人的大脑能进步到了解大脑本身运行的逻辑,那就等于电脑能理自己是人类发明的工具,知道人类怎么给自己的芯片编程指挥自己干活,那分分钟就会出现无数个奥创把人类灭的干干净净!

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7.1 号更新一下评论区得质疑:

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很多人评论说未来科技,说我这些话是锁死了科技的发展,拿比喻说几百年前的人类都幻想不到现在的科技水平,所以未来的科技也是我们想象不到的存在。

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未来科技会发展更好,而且能超出我们的想象空间,这个是肯定的。

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那为啥我就这么肯定大脑拿出来后修复不回去呢?

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修复回去必须要保持原有的生物正常功能,否则就是和题目不相关的话题了。

\n

对于大脑和脑干修复回去的难点有一些是科技不可能做到,有以下几点:

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第一: 脑干和大脑分离,分离切口平面位置,最少有几十亿数量级的神经元破坏,切口也不可能全部平整到细胞结构整齐一致,一刀下去刀刃的位置带走的神经元可能都是几亿数量。断口处神经元本身就没有可以正确的对着点了。

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第二: 神经元再生能力很低,缺血后很快会病理变性,未来可能要发出大脑供血系统,但近端刀口位置的神经元全部要供血正常这点是不可能实现的,哪怕未来也没有技术能让每个神经元供血都正常,这就肯定会让断口平面层神经细胞大量死亡。(除非未来有毫秒级别的无损冷冻技术,把所有神经元冷冻不让它坏死,然后还要有解冻技术恢复神经细胞活性),才能做下一步修复。这种技术在可期的未来几百年也不一定能实现。

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第三: 修复断裂神经轴突后,如何复原原来的电生理特性和化学介质系统? 目前人类的认知里还不能理解神经元的电生理特性的运行逻辑,化学介质传导系统的工作原理是什么?这些生物进化而来的特性目前为止我们根本无法理解。更别说去恢复这些细胞的特性功能。

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第四: 必须研发出引导数亿级别轴突精准再生并且精准寻找对应靶点的技术,中枢神经的轴突断裂后会自行退变,中枢神经上有抑制再生的分子 Nogo 蛋白、胶质瘢痕。 这些问题怎么解决?能解决中枢神经轴突新生问题?那就是颠覆了生物进化规律。

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第五: 怎么绘制这么庞大群体的神经元运行规律,细胞庞大数量的树突和突触生长轨迹控制,这都涉及到基因构架,材料建构,超智能纳米机器人分布,等等概念科技。随便拿一种出来,就不是说能突破就能突破的技术,现阶段它们还只处于人类的概念科学中。

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这些问题,随便解决一个,都是颠覆现有科技的存在。

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大脑的复杂程度,远比我们想象的要复杂的多的多,要修复切断的大脑,需要的知识量可能超过大脑本身能接受的知识量。根本就不可能实现的东西。 能修复大脑,本身就是完全对生命和意识的掌控,已经超出了科学,上升到了其它的维度了。

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评论区一些看是很科学的言论,真的跟中医思维一样: 中医是博大精深的,现在的人不能够理解中医庞大的宇宙观,等以后科学进步了,上升到神学了,就能理解中医。 对科学的态度完全脱离了基本逻辑,理所当然的认为它就是无所不能

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7 月 11 号更新一下评论区比较多的话题:

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几百年后的医疗技术能不能接神经?

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目前的医学技术,对于颅内神经,只开展了面神经吻合手术,其它 11 对颅内神经接回去也没有用。

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那么这个面神经吻合手术是怎么做的呢?它不是接脑干里面的面神经段,而是接出脑干段的面神经,端端吻合是这样的

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\"\"
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就是用线把神经缝合回去,这种技术发展了多少年可能大家不知道。1873 年,德国外科医生 Albert von Mosetig-Moorhof 开展了第一次面神经吻合手术,到现在 2025 年时间,152 年的时间里,面神经吻合手术还是一样用线缝合,没有任何技术层面的改进,做不到吻合一束神经纤维,更别说吻合神经元的轴突。

\n

152 年前到现在算是科技大爆发年代,但生物学上对人体器官的修复还是原始的线接。 现在科技的发展已经放慢脚步了,除非有颠覆性的新物理理论框架出现,否则很难像 152 年前到现在这种飞跃试的科技爆发,那神经修复技术只会更加难以发展。

\n

面神经是运动神经为主的混合神经,现有的修复技术也只是用线缝合起来,它的运动神经纤维有一半运气好的能长到对应的远端纤维上,能恢复 50%左右的运动功能(运气差的只能恢复 20-30%左右,面神经吻合手术不理想的占比很多),其它纤维支配的味觉,腺体是不可能恢复的,哪怕纤维长对了,生物功能也会破坏。(不信可以去看面瘫病人做神经吻合手术,味觉和脸部腺体功能都没有)

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这就是大脑修复中,最容易修复好的面神经,发展了 152 年修复技术,还是处于原始线接,就算再过 152 年后,谁敢说技术能发展到接面神经的运动纤维???? 304 年后能发展到接运动神经纤维里面的神经元轴突????

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面神经里面还有更复杂的感觉纤维和交感纤维,要把这两种纤维接回去实现功能恢复,谁敢说 1000 年能实现?

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其它 11 对颅内神经比面神经更加复杂,需要多少年能实现把它们完好的接回去?

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最后更加复杂的脑干怎么接?

\n

有很多评论说换个思维去想,物理接法实现不了,可以发展生物技术控制细胞轴突长到对应点的位置来实现。听到这话真无语了,你们是真的科幻电影看多了?

\n

先不说人类能不能发展出制造轴突索道这种逆天技术,就说控制轴突生长方向,微观世界里,血液的流通和细胞分化带来的流体动能,就能让细胞轴突树突摇摆不定,没有机械动能来推动是不可能按照我们的想法去生长在固定位置。细胞不是晶体管,不是固定在晶片上的。何况是让几十亿几百亿个轴突同时按照我们的想法去生长。在微观的世界里就好比要控制几十亿几百亿的人在 12 级台风面前跑去几百米的固定位子上去。

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而且大部分提出这种想法的人都不知道,轴突生长是非常缓慢的,是按月计算,不是按小时计算。但大脑修复手术不可能修复一个月吧?最多也就是一两天,超过这个时间暴露刀口面的细胞会大片坏死。

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所以除非能人工制造神经细胞轴突索道,而且是同时在几十亿几百亿的细胞上同时制造出来,还要有机械动能能控制流体力带来的冲击,必须要精准的控制到每个细胞上,否则无法对接上。

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解决以上理论,才有可能实现接大脑。 然后接下来需要解决更加复杂的问题,如何激活这些修复好的细胞功能:(电信号转换成化学介质)

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学过生物学的大佬应该知道这其中的转换过程是有多复杂(大家自己可以去查一查),激活不了细胞的转换和传递功能,接回去也是没用。

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", + "content": "
\"头图\"/
\n

可以接回去,但 100%死亡,绝对没有生还的可能,哪怕一秒钟,大脑拿出来的那一刻,人就死亡。(文章最后更新举例 - 面神经修复 100 多年发展史,也算是这 100 多年科技发展的一个)

\n

大脑的复杂程度,绝对比人类所有科技加起来还要复杂的多,要拿出大脑,就要把脑干分离,而且是横切面直接一刀切断,脑动脉静脉,12 对颅内神经,全部割断。

\n

先不说大大小小的血管能不能接回去,大脑拿出来供血停止 2-5 分钟就会直接脑死亡,就算有技术能让大脑供血正常,有能力把大大小小的血管接回去。 12 对颅内神经,除了运动神经接回去可能还有部分功能,其它感觉神经交感神经切断了就直接功能报废,接回去也没用。

\n

单就一个面神经,目前只要面神经切断了,把它接回去后只有 50%左右的运动神经纤维能恢复功能,其它混合的交感神经感觉神经无解。

\n

你看到的是一个大脑拿出来,医生看到的是几十亿几百亿的神经细胞轴突断裂,就算真的有造物主,科技领先人类几百几千万年,也不可能有技术把这些断裂的轴突给接回去。(别杠,杠就是你不懂医学)

\n

___________

\n

这是真实的头部血管标本,绿色的是大脑静脉血管,密集程度跟我们的头发差不多。单这些动脉和静脉要全部接回去正常运行,这种技术未来几百年也不一定能实现。更别说更复杂的颅内神经,还有更庞大复杂的脑干中枢。

\n
\"\"
\n

________________

\n

有回答说我们不能预判几百年后的科技,或许几百年后的科技会突破我的想象。

\n

确实我们不知道几百年后的科技会发展成什么样,但我们知道我们的大脑有多复杂,下面是显微镜下 12 对颅神经中一根神经截面图,一根神经有几万几十万跟神经纤维,一根神经纤维有几万几十万个神经细胞组成,一个神经元单位有几千上万个树突突触和另一个神经元连接在一起。

\n
\"\"
\n

上图是显微镜下的神经纤维结构

\n
\"\"
\n

上图是单个神经细胞,可以看到神经细胞周围很多丝状点物,这些是神经树突和突触,单个神经元单位就有几百几千上万个轴突点。

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试问几百年后科技能进步到把这些轴突毫无误差的给接回去? 能接单个神经轴突,怎么接一个细胞上几千个突触?怎么接一根神经纤维上几十万个神经元?怎么接一根神经上几千上万的纤维?

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目前的科技水平,一个 CPU 断裂后都无法复原,几百年后的科技水平也不一定能把断裂的 CPU 内部结构物理复原。

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更别说更加复杂的神经......

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评论区很多朋友说未来的纳米机器人,ai 技术突破。

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我们来分析一下纳米机器人可否行。我对机械和动力学是完全小白,但我知道一个能做修复的纳米机器人,需要安装动力系统,需要安装芯片做出指令。

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纳米机器人的动力系统,需要纳米级别更小的动力转换机,这个比制造简单的纳米机器人更加复杂吧?

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纳米集成芯片,这个芯片需要有复杂的指令,最少也要有几百万个晶体管吧,这就远远超过过了纳米级别。

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可能有人朋友抖音经常会刷到这个

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\"\"
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看起来是不是很科幻?科技进步到了这个地步,上面的机器人细胞一样大小。现实是........

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它压根儿不是什么机器人,只是一种磁控材料,而且大小是 1 毫米。也就是 1000000 纳米,和纳米机器人没有半毛线关系。

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目前所谓的纳米机器人,只是我们幻想的一个概念,地球上的现有物质不可能制造出达到 1μm(1000 纳米)大小的机器人(有学材料学的大神可以科普一下知识)。这种概念现在被很多营销号大吹特吹,明明是毫米亚毫米都还无法实现的东西,直接套用纳米上去吸引眼球。

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毫米级别的真正意义上的机器人未来几百年都不可能实现,比毫米小一百万倍的纳米机器人未来需要多久可以实现????

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更新一下:

\n

没想到这随口回答一个问题,这么多人评论。

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评论里好多朋友说修复大脑困难,转移人脑记忆和意识更有可能实现。

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人脑的运行逻辑,远比把大脑接回去更加复杂,大脑会思考问题,有自我意识,会自我学习进步变得更加聪明。

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目前我们人类的现有知识,根本就理解不了大脑自我意识的运行逻辑是什么。等未来我们的知识能够解读这种自我意识的逻辑,那我们就是所谓的造物主了,直接把这套逻辑写进一个机器人芯片上,这个机器人就是硅基生命。这完全就会颠覆生物里念,我们这身脆弱不堪的肉体狗都会嫌弃了......

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拥有硅基生命体,独自一人遨游银河系都不是梦,不死不灭,永存不朽!

\n

醒醒..... 这是不可能的啦,如果人的大脑能进步到了解大脑本身运行的逻辑,那就等于电脑能理自己是人类发明的工具,知道人类怎么给自己的芯片编程指挥自己干活,那分分钟就会出现无数个奥创把人类灭的干干净净!

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7.1 号更新一下评论区得质疑:

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很多人评论说未来科技,说我这些话是锁死了科技的发展,拿比喻说几百年前的人类都幻想不到现在的科技水平,所以未来的科技也是我们想象不到的存在。

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未来科技会发展更好,而且能超出我们的想象空间,这个是肯定的。

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那为啥我就这么肯定大脑拿出来后修复不回去呢?

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修复回去必须要保持原有的生物正常功能,否则就是和题目不相关的话题了。

\n

对于大脑和脑干修复回去的难点有一些是科技不可能做到,有以下几点:

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第一: 脑干和大脑分离,分离切口平面位置,最少有几十亿数量级的神经元破坏,切口也不可能全部平整到细胞结构整齐一致,一刀下去刀刃的位置带走的神经元可能都是几亿数量。断口处神经元本身就没有可以正确的对着点了。

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第二: 神经元再生能力很低,缺血后很快会病理变性,未来可能要发出大脑供血系统,但近端刀口位置的神经元全部要供血正常这点是不可能实现的,哪怕未来也没有技术能让每个神经元供血都正常,这就肯定会让断口平面层神经细胞大量死亡。(除非未来有毫秒级别的无损冷冻技术,把所有神经元冷冻不让它坏死,然后还要有解冻技术恢复神经细胞活性),才能做下一步修复。这种技术在可期的未来几百年也不一定能实现。

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第三: 修复断裂神经轴突后,如何复原原来的电生理特性和化学介质系统? 目前人类的认知里还不能理解神经元的电生理特性的运行逻辑,化学介质传导系统的工作原理是什么?这些生物进化而来的特性目前为止我们根本无法理解。更别说去恢复这些细胞的特性功能。

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第四: 必须研发出引导数亿级别轴突精准再生并且精准寻找对应靶点的技术,中枢神经的轴突断裂后会自行退变,中枢神经上有抑制再生的分子 Nogo 蛋白、胶质瘢痕。 这些问题怎么解决?能解决中枢神经轴突新生问题?那就是颠覆了生物进化规律。

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第五: 怎么绘制这么庞大群体的神经元运行规律,细胞庞大数量的树突和突触生长轨迹控制,这都涉及到基因构架,材料建构,超智能纳米机器人分布,等等概念科技。随便拿一种出来,就不是说能突破就能突破的技术,现阶段它们还只处于人类的概念科学中。

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这些问题,随便解决一个,都是颠覆现有科技的存在。

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大脑的复杂程度,远比我们想象的要复杂的多的多,要修复切断的大脑,需要的知识量可能超过大脑本身能接受的知识量。根本就不可能实现的东西。 能修复大脑,本身就是完全对生命和意识的掌控,已经超出了科学,上升到了其它的维度了。

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评论区一些看是很科学的言论,真的跟中医思维一样: 中医是博大精深的,现在的人不能够理解中医庞大的宇宙观,等以后科学进步了,上升到神学了,就能理解中医。 对科学的态度完全脱离了基本逻辑,理所当然的认为它就是无所不能

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\n

7 月 11 号更新一下评论区比较多的话题:

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几百年后的医疗技术能不能接神经?

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目前的医学技术,对于颅内神经,只开展了面神经吻合手术,其它 11 对颅内神经接回去也没有用。

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那么这个面神经吻合手术是怎么做的呢?它不是接脑干里面的面神经段,而是接出脑干段的面神经,端端吻合是这样的

\n
\"\"
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就是用线把神经缝合回去,这种技术发展了多少年可能大家不知道。1873 年,德国外科医生 Albert von Mosetig-Moorhof 开展了第一次面神经吻合手术,到现在 2025 年时间,152 年的时间里,面神经吻合手术还是一样用线缝合,没有任何技术层面的改进,做不到吻合一束神经纤维,更别说吻合神经元的轴突。

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152 年前到现在算是科技大爆发年代,但生物学上对人体器官的修复还是原始的线接。 现在科技的发展已经放慢脚步了,除非有颠覆性的新物理理论框架出现,否则很难像 152 年前到现在这种飞跃试的科技爆发,那神经修复技术只会更加难以发展。

\n

面神经是运动神经为主的混合神经,现有的修复技术也只是用线缝合起来,它的运动神经纤维有一半运气好的能长到对应的远端纤维上,能恢复 50%左右的运动功能(运气差的只能恢复 20-30%左右,面神经吻合手术不理想的占比很多),其它纤维支配的味觉,腺体是不可能恢复的,哪怕纤维长对了,生物功能也会破坏。(不信可以去看面瘫病人做神经吻合手术,味觉和脸部腺体功能都没有)

\n

这就是大脑修复中,最容易修复好的面神经,发展了 152 年修复技术,还是处于原始线接,就算再过 152 年后,谁敢说技术能发展到接面神经的运动纤维???? 304 年后能发展到接运动神经纤维里面的神经元轴突????

\n

面神经里面还有更复杂的感觉纤维和交感纤维,要把这两种纤维接回去实现功能恢复,谁敢说 1000 年能实现?

\n

其它 11 对颅内神经比面神经更加复杂,需要多少年能实现把它们完好的接回去?

\n

最后更加复杂的脑干怎么接?

\n

有很多评论说换个思维去想,物理接法实现不了,可以发展生物技术控制细胞轴突长到对应点的位置来实现。听到这话真无语了,你们是真的科幻电影看多了?

\n

先不说人类能不能发展出制造轴突索道这种逆天技术,就说控制轴突生长方向,微观世界里,血液的流通和细胞分化带来的流体动能,就能让细胞轴突树突摇摆不定,没有机械动能来推动是不可能按照我们的想法去生长在固定位置。细胞不是晶体管,不是固定在晶片上的。何况是让几十亿几百亿个轴突同时按照我们的想法去生长。在微观的世界里就好比要控制几十亿几百亿的人在 12 级台风面前跑去几百米的固定位子上去。

\n

而且大部分提出这种想法的人都不知道,轴突生长是非常缓慢的,是按月计算,不是按小时计算。但大脑修复手术不可能修复一个月吧?最多也就是一两天,超过这个时间暴露刀口面的细胞会大片坏死。

\n

所以除非能人工制造神经细胞轴突索道,而且是同时在几十亿几百亿的细胞上同时制造出来,还要有机械动能能控制流体力带来的冲击,必须要精准的控制到每个细胞上,否则无法对接上。

\n

解决以上理论,才有可能实现接大脑。 然后接下来需要解决更加复杂的问题,如何激活这些修复好的细胞功能:(电信号转换成化学介质)

\n

学过生物学的大佬应该知道这其中的转换过程是有多复杂(大家自己可以去查一查),激活不了细胞的转换和传递功能,接回去也是没用。

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查看知乎讨论
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获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
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", + "category": "", + "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783228", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Wed, 13 Aug 2025 00:27:03 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "知乎", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "0639fd1f3cea8a2e182531ef10d937dd", "highlights": [] }, { @@ -3095,25 +3799,1763 @@ "description": "", "items": [ { - "title": "鲸鱼有肚脐眼吗?", - "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n

鲸鱼是胎生的,那脐带脱落下来后,肯定会留下疤痕,所以它肯定有肚脐。只不过不太好拍,看水下摄影师能不能拍到(或者想不想拍)。

\n

摄影师 mambolou [1]在水下来到白鲸的下方,给它拍了一张有点点“奇怪”的仰视图,可以完整的看到它的腹部,还有它的肚脐眼。

\n
\"\"
Beluga Siren
\n

摄影师拍的另一个视角,也能清晰看到白鲸的肚脐,甚至觉得它的腹肌有点性感……天天游泳做有氧能不身材好吗(%&¥##%

\n
\"\"
Beluga Siren
\n

亚历山大·沃斯(Alexander Werth) 和 托马斯·詹姆斯·福特(Thomas James Ford) 之前对白鲸的腹部做过一个专门的研究[2],下图是白鲸的腹部视图。指向线标记的是对称的收缩肌肉轮廓,可能是左侧腹直肌和右侧腹直肌。

\n
\"\"
\n

在文章内有一个示意图,可以很清楚看到雄性白鲸的肚脐(umbilicus)位置,还有一个比较敏感的位置……

\n
\"\"
\n

说到鲸鱼的腹肌,想起一个梗图。起源是海洋生物摄影师大卫 · 梅伦(David Merro)拍到了一张白鲸的照片:

\n
\"\"
David Merro
\n

刚好这头鲸鱼浮出水面的同时,胸腹部朝上,露出六块“腹肌”(注意打引号了)。大卫忍不住感慨:看起来这头鲸鱼天天去健身房!

\n

然后网友就做了各种梗图

\n
\"\"
\n

甚至手办

\n
\"\"
\n

不知道白鲸本鲸看了什么想法,可能会想:腹肌有是有,但你看到的其实是腹部脂肪层叠到了一起……

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", - "content": "
\"头图\"/
\n

鲸鱼是胎生的,那脐带脱落下来后,肯定会留下疤痕,所以它肯定有肚脐。只不过不太好拍,看水下摄影师能不能拍到(或者想不想拍)。

\n

摄影师 mambolou [1]在水下来到白鲸的下方,给它拍了一张有点点“奇怪”的仰视图,可以完整的看到它的腹部,还有它的肚脐眼。

\n
\"\"
Beluga Siren
\n

摄影师拍的另一个视角,也能清晰看到白鲸的肚脐,甚至觉得它的腹肌有点性感……天天游泳做有氧能不身材好吗(%&¥##%

\n
\"\"
Beluga Siren
\n

亚历山大·沃斯(Alexander Werth) 和 托马斯·詹姆斯·福特(Thomas James Ford) 之前对白鲸的腹部做过一个专门的研究[2],下图是白鲸的腹部视图。指向线标记的是对称的收缩肌肉轮廓,可能是左侧腹直肌和右侧腹直肌。

\n
\"\"
\n

在文章内有一个示意图,可以很清楚看到雄性白鲸的肚脐(umbilicus)位置,还有一个比较敏感的位置……

\n
\"\"
\n

说到鲸鱼的腹肌,想起一个梗图。起源是海洋生物摄影师大卫 · 梅伦(David Merro)拍到了一张白鲸的照片:

\n
\"\"
David Merro
\n

刚好这头鲸鱼浮出水面的同时,胸腹部朝上,露出六块“腹肌”(注意打引号了)。大卫忍不住感慨:看起来这头鲸鱼天天去健身房!

\n

然后网友就做了各种梗图

\n
\"\"
\n

甚至手办

\n
\"\"
\n

不知道白鲸本鲸看了什么想法,可能会想:腹肌有是有,但你看到的其实是腹部脂肪层叠到了一起……

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", + "title": "001FRONT - Heroic rescue forges lasting friendship", + "description": "

Editor's note: This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45) and the World Anti-Fascist War. This series of special reports by China Daily presents how and why China cherishes and keeps revisiting the wartime friendship with its foreign friends.

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Denise Wynne, a 76-year-old woman from Britain, has long been advocating for raising public awareness of a Japanese wartime atrocity and the Chinese people's rescue of prisoners of war, including her father, from a sinking ship in 1942.

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In October 1942, the Lisbon Maru, a cargo vessel requisitioned by the Japanese army to transfer more than 1,800 British POWs from Hong Kong to Japan, was torpedoed by US forces off Dongji Island of Zhoushan in Zhejiang province.

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As the ship started to sink, Japanese soldiers tried to prevent their prisoners from escaping before abandoning the ship. Over 800 British POWs drowned or were shot dead by the Japanese troops, and Chinese fishermen risked their lives and saved 384 British POWs.

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Wynne's father, Dennis Morley, passed away in 2021, and she noted that he was the last survivor of the Lisbon Maru. "Before he died, he told me to honor the Dongji fishermen on his behalf," Wynne said.

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"My father was very emotional to think of all the POWs being trapped below deck and the ship was sinking. Then to finally escape and jump into the sea to be shot by the Japanese!" she wrote in a letter sent to the production team of Dongji Rescue, a movie that recalls the Lisbon Maru incident and is now being shown in China.

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"My dad remembered the Chinese fishermen as being angels coming along to rescue them all out of the hell, because he said it really was a hell," she said.

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During his state visit to Britain in 2015, President Xi Jinping took the Chinese fishermen's rescue of POWs on the Lisbon Maru as an example, stressing that the friendship forged by the Chinese and British people during the war will never fade and has become a valuable asset in bilateral ties.

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In 2022, Wynne wrote to Xi to express her support for building on the friendship between generations of British and Chinese people.

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In her letter, Wynne suggested a monument be built in Zhoushan to allow people to pay tribute to the brave Chinese fishermen and the British soldiers who were entombed in the sea beneath.

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Xi, in a reply letter, encouraged family members of the survivors to make efforts to further advance the bilateral friendship. He told Wynne that he had instructed relevant departments to look into her proposal of building a monument in Zhoushan for the Lisbon Maru rescue.

\n

In May, Wynne traveled to China to attend the unveiling ceremony of the Memorial for Dongji Fishermen's Rescue of British Prisoners of War in Zhoushan.

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When recalling the moment she opened and read the reply letter from Xi, Wynne said she was moved to tears, and she expressed her appreciation for Xi's honoring of his words. "I'm very honored that he replied to me. President Xi said he would look into it, and … he has done it," she said.

\n

As a witness of this special bond forged between the two peoples because of the wartime rescue, Zheng Zeguang, Chinese ambassador to the UK, met Wynne at her home in 2022 to deliver Xi's reply letter to her.

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Zheng also attended events related to the Lisbon Maru, including a Spring Festival reception hosted by the Chinese embassy in the UK for the families of Lisbon Maru survivors in February and the premiere of the documentary The Sinking of the Lisbon Maru in March in the UK.

\n

When attending and addressing a reception held last month by the embassy to celebrate the 98th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Zheng said "it should never be forgotten that China and the UK were allies and fought shoulder to shoulder during the war", and the peoples of China and the UK "made enormous contributions to the global victory against fascism".

\n

He revisited the story of the Lisbon Maru rescue in 1942, noting that in the same year, the Chinese Expeditionary Force successfully rescued British troops besieged by the Japanese army in Myanmar.

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"We should remember history, honor those fallen heroes, cherish peace and strive for a better future, and this is why China holds a series of important commemorative events to mark the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45) and the World Anti-Fascist War," he said.

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As this year also marks the 80th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations, Zheng said countries must "resolutely defend the outcomes of the victory in World War II, firmly uphold true multilateralism and steadfastly safeguard world peace, stability, fairness and justice".

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Anthony Jones, chairman of the Lisbon Maru Memorial Association, is the grandson of Thomas Theodore Jones, a Lisbon Maru survivor and a UK Royal Navy telegraphist. He also attended the unveiling ceremony of the memorial in Zhoushan in May.

\n

"Amid the horror of that day, a light of humanity shone through — the bravery of local Chinese fishermen, who risked their lives to save strangers. They went out in small boats, pulling men from the water, showing courage and compassion that will never be forgotten," he said at the ceremony.

\n

He voiced appreciation for all those who have a connection to the tragedy — descendants, researchers, supporters, filmmakers and "those who have worked tirelessly to ensure this history is not forgotten".

\n

"Your dedication helps keep the memory of the Lisbon Maru alive, and your efforts are woven into the legacy we honor here today," he said.

\n

Such lasting efforts made by the Chinese and British people in preserving evidence of the wartime atrocity and revisiting the friendship forged through rescue are now making a difference.

\n

Following its UK premiere in March, the documentary The Sinking of the Lisbon Maru hit screens at cinemas in Britain on Friday.

\n

A review of the documentary by Phil Hoad in The Guardian said the British wartime tragedy has been "told with potent empathy", and the documentary "excavates the emotional wreckage on all sides".

\n

Hoad mentioned the prevalent silence practiced by the tragedy's survivors, "including the Japanese civilian captain later convicted for his role", and that their descendants "knew nothing about the ordeal" before the facts were brought to light.

\n

British actor Kevin Lee starred in the movie Dongji Rescue, and his character is based on a real British high-ranking POW.

\n

"When I first read the script, I was shocked," Lee told Variety in a recent interview.

\n

"I'd never heard of the Lisbon Maru incident, yet here was this deeply moving story of ordinary Chinese fishermen risking everything to save British POWs. As a Brit who's lived in China for over a decade, it hit me on many levels," he said.

\n

Lee has played antagonists in some Chinese films. "But Dongji Rescue let me step into truth and empathy," he said.

\n

zhangyunbi@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "content": "

Editor's note: This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45) and the World Anti-Fascist War. This series of special reports by China Daily presents how and why China cherishes and keeps revisiting the wartime friendship with its foreign friends.

\n

Denise Wynne, a 76-year-old woman from Britain, has long been advocating for raising public awareness of a Japanese wartime atrocity and the Chinese people's rescue of prisoners of war, including her father, from a sinking ship in 1942.

\n

In October 1942, the Lisbon Maru, a cargo vessel requisitioned by the Japanese army to transfer more than 1,800 British POWs from Hong Kong to Japan, was torpedoed by US forces off Dongji Island of Zhoushan in Zhejiang province.

\n

As the ship started to sink, Japanese soldiers tried to prevent their prisoners from escaping before abandoning the ship. Over 800 British POWs drowned or were shot dead by the Japanese troops, and Chinese fishermen risked their lives and saved 384 British POWs.

\n

Wynne's father, Dennis Morley, passed away in 2021, and she noted that he was the last survivor of the Lisbon Maru. "Before he died, he told me to honor the Dongji fishermen on his behalf," Wynne said.

\n

"My father was very emotional to think of all the POWs being trapped below deck and the ship was sinking. Then to finally escape and jump into the sea to be shot by the Japanese!" she wrote in a letter sent to the production team of Dongji Rescue, a movie that recalls the Lisbon Maru incident and is now being shown in China.

\n

"My dad remembered the Chinese fishermen as being angels coming along to rescue them all out of the hell, because he said it really was a hell," she said.

\n

During his state visit to Britain in 2015, President Xi Jinping took the Chinese fishermen's rescue of POWs on the Lisbon Maru as an example, stressing that the friendship forged by the Chinese and British people during the war will never fade and has become a valuable asset in bilateral ties.

\n

In 2022, Wynne wrote to Xi to express her support for building on the friendship between generations of British and Chinese people.

\n

In her letter, Wynne suggested a monument be built in Zhoushan to allow people to pay tribute to the brave Chinese fishermen and the British soldiers who were entombed in the sea beneath.

\n

Xi, in a reply letter, encouraged family members of the survivors to make efforts to further advance the bilateral friendship. He told Wynne that he had instructed relevant departments to look into her proposal of building a monument in Zhoushan for the Lisbon Maru rescue.

\n

In May, Wynne traveled to China to attend the unveiling ceremony of the Memorial for Dongji Fishermen's Rescue of British Prisoners of War in Zhoushan.

\n

When recalling the moment she opened and read the reply letter from Xi, Wynne said she was moved to tears, and she expressed her appreciation for Xi's honoring of his words. "I'm very honored that he replied to me. President Xi said he would look into it, and … he has done it," she said.

\n

As a witness of this special bond forged between the two peoples because of the wartime rescue, Zheng Zeguang, Chinese ambassador to the UK, met Wynne at her home in 2022 to deliver Xi's reply letter to her.

\n

Zheng also attended events related to the Lisbon Maru, including a Spring Festival reception hosted by the Chinese embassy in the UK for the families of Lisbon Maru survivors in February and the premiere of the documentary The Sinking of the Lisbon Maru in March in the UK.

\n

When attending and addressing a reception held last month by the embassy to celebrate the 98th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Zheng said "it should never be forgotten that China and the UK were allies and fought shoulder to shoulder during the war", and the peoples of China and the UK "made enormous contributions to the global victory against fascism".

\n

He revisited the story of the Lisbon Maru rescue in 1942, noting that in the same year, the Chinese Expeditionary Force successfully rescued British troops besieged by the Japanese army in Myanmar.

\n

"We should remember history, honor those fallen heroes, cherish peace and strive for a better future, and this is why China holds a series of important commemorative events to mark the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45) and the World Anti-Fascist War," he said.

\n

As this year also marks the 80th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations, Zheng said countries must "resolutely defend the outcomes of the victory in World War II, firmly uphold true multilateralism and steadfastly safeguard world peace, stability, fairness and justice".

\n

Anthony Jones, chairman of the Lisbon Maru Memorial Association, is the grandson of Thomas Theodore Jones, a Lisbon Maru survivor and a UK Royal Navy telegraphist. He also attended the unveiling ceremony of the memorial in Zhoushan in May.

\n

"Amid the horror of that day, a light of humanity shone through — the bravery of local Chinese fishermen, who risked their lives to save strangers. They went out in small boats, pulling men from the water, showing courage and compassion that will never be forgotten," he said at the ceremony.

\n

He voiced appreciation for all those who have a connection to the tragedy — descendants, researchers, supporters, filmmakers and "those who have worked tirelessly to ensure this history is not forgotten".

\n

"Your dedication helps keep the memory of the Lisbon Maru alive, and your efforts are woven into the legacy we honor here today," he said.

\n

Such lasting efforts made by the Chinese and British people in preserving evidence of the wartime atrocity and revisiting the friendship forged through rescue are now making a difference.

\n

Following its UK premiere in March, the documentary The Sinking of the Lisbon Maru hit screens at cinemas in Britain on Friday.

\n

A review of the documentary by Phil Hoad in The Guardian said the British wartime tragedy has been "told with potent empathy", and the documentary "excavates the emotional wreckage on all sides".

\n

Hoad mentioned the prevalent silence practiced by the tragedy's survivors, "including the Japanese civilian captain later convicted for his role", and that their descendants "knew nothing about the ordeal" before the facts were brought to light.

\n

British actor Kevin Lee starred in the movie Dongji Rescue, and his character is based on a real British high-ranking POW.

\n

"When I first read the script, I was shocked," Lee told Variety in a recent interview.

\n

"I'd never heard of the Lisbon Maru incident, yet here was this deeply moving story of ordinary Chinese fishermen risking everything to save British POWs. As a Brit who's lived in China for over a decade, it hit me on many levels," he said.

\n

Lee has played antagonists in some Chinese films. "But Dongji Rescue let me step into truth and empathy," he said.

\n

zhangyunbi@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", "category": "", - "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783264", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_001_689faf1bed50ccabe1517a52.htm#001FRONT", "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:27:02 +0000", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", "enclosure": "", "enclosureType": "", "image": "", "id": "", "language": "", - "folder": "资讯", - "feed": "知乎", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", "read": false, "favorite": false, "created": false, "tags": [], - "hash": "6136897ba5dcc4ba68f0d1aa9d2a7454", + "hash": "0ac970c674e39cb752792ec4e05b777f", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "001FRONT - New evidence revealed", + "description": "

Visitors take photos on Friday of newly unveiled evidence of Unit 731, a Japanese germ warfare unit during World War II, at the Exhibition Hall of Evidences of Crime Committed by Unit 731 of the Japanese Imperial Army in Harbin, capital of Northeast China's Heilongjiang province. Friday marked the 80th anniversary of Japan's unconditional surrender in World War II and the 40th anniversary of the establishment of the exhibition hall.

\n

Photos exposing Japanese germ-warfare crimes are on display at the Exhibition Hall in Harbin on Friday. The new evidence includes 3,010 pages of archive documents, 194 minutes of video footage, 312 photographs, 12 postcards and eight letters. See story, page 2; see more, pages 4, 7

\n

", + "content": "

Visitors take photos on Friday of newly unveiled evidence of Unit 731, a Japanese germ warfare unit during World War II, at the Exhibition Hall of Evidences of Crime Committed by Unit 731 of the Japanese Imperial Army in Harbin, capital of Northeast China's Heilongjiang province. Friday marked the 80th anniversary of Japan's unconditional surrender in World War II and the 40th anniversary of the establishment of the exhibition hall.

\n

Photos exposing Japanese germ-warfare crimes are on display at the Exhibition Hall in Harbin on Friday. The new evidence includes 3,010 pages of archive documents, 194 minutes of video footage, 312 photographs, 12 postcards and eight letters. See story, page 2; see more, pages 4, 7

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_001_689faf1fed50ccabe1517a53.htm#001FRONT", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "886bfdb6bf8aa038b940e621a29040d5", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "001FRONT - Experts say more policy stimulus may be needed", + "description": "

Additional policy stimulus may be needed later this year to reinforce the growth momentum of the Chinese economy and support employment, as July data pointed to renewed downward pressures, economists and analysts said.

\n

While extreme weather weighed on overall economic activity last month, the robust expansion in high-end manufacturing, resilient export growth and improving capital market sentiment have still pointed to a steady outlook for high-quality development, they added.

\n

Wang Qing, chief macroeconomic analyst at Golden Credit Rating International, said economic momentum remained stable but eased in July as domestic consumption and investment slowed amid high temperatures and flooding in some regions, the fading impact of consumption subsidies and the continuous adjustment in the property market.

\n

"Looking ahead, to maintain the stability of the macroeconomy and the job market, major new stimulus measures might be introduced around the start of the fourth quarter," he said.

\n

Possible measures could include stronger fiscal support, interest rate cuts and more forceful steps to stabilize the property market, Wang added.

\n

The People's Bank of China, the country's central bank, pledged on Friday in its second-quarter monetary policy report that it will strive for better implementation of the moderately loose monetary policy, maintain abundant liquidity, reduce the cost of bank liabilities and promote a decline in overall social financing costs.

\n

Figures released on Friday by the National Bureau of Statistics showed that the Chinese economy maintained its overall stability but showed signs of softening, with industrial output up by 5.7 percent year-on-year in July, down from 6.8 percent in June.

\n

Retail sales, a key measurement of consumer spending, grew by 3.7 percent year-on-year in July versus a 4.8 percent rise in June, while the surveyed urban unemployment rate came in at 5.2 percent in July, up from 5 percent a month earlier, the NBS said.

\n

"The foundation for economic recovery and improvement still needs to be consolidated," said Fu Linghui, spokesman and chief economist at the NBS.

\n

Authorities should maintain policy continuity and stability, and focus on stabilizing employment, businesses, markets and expectations to promote steady and healthy economic development, Fu said.

\n

Despite the headwinds, Fu said that China's economy has maintained a trajectory of stability with improvement, with innovation driving the growth of new economic dynamics and export resilience expected to be sustained by a string of favorable conditions in the second half.

\n

The NBS data showed that the expansion of equipment manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing remained strong at 8.4 percent and 9.3 percent year-on-year in July, respectively.

\n

China's goods exports expanded by 8 percent year-on-year in renminbi terms last month, up from 7.2 percent in June, the bureau said, with diversified export destinations, upgraded industrial capacity and policies to stabilize trade offsetting the impact of persistent trade protectionism.

\n

Resilience is also evident in the robust performance of China's A-share market. The benchmark Shanghai Composite Index went up by 0.83 percent to close at 3,696.77 points on Friday, rising by 3.46 percent so far this month.

\n

Wen Bin, chief economist at China Minsheng Bank, said he expects macroeconomic policies to continue bolstering the economy in the second half, with a focus on advancing key infrastructure investment projects and improving people's living standards, as reflected by the recent launch of subsidies for consumer loans and childcare.

\n

Wen added that despite disruptions to economic activity in July, expansion in industrial production and services activity in the January-July period remained above 5 percent, keeping the full-year GDP growth target of around 5 percent within reach under sustained policy support.

\n

zhoulanxv@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "content": "

Additional policy stimulus may be needed later this year to reinforce the growth momentum of the Chinese economy and support employment, as July data pointed to renewed downward pressures, economists and analysts said.

\n

While extreme weather weighed on overall economic activity last month, the robust expansion in high-end manufacturing, resilient export growth and improving capital market sentiment have still pointed to a steady outlook for high-quality development, they added.

\n

Wang Qing, chief macroeconomic analyst at Golden Credit Rating International, said economic momentum remained stable but eased in July as domestic consumption and investment slowed amid high temperatures and flooding in some regions, the fading impact of consumption subsidies and the continuous adjustment in the property market.

\n

"Looking ahead, to maintain the stability of the macroeconomy and the job market, major new stimulus measures might be introduced around the start of the fourth quarter," he said.

\n

Possible measures could include stronger fiscal support, interest rate cuts and more forceful steps to stabilize the property market, Wang added.

\n

The People's Bank of China, the country's central bank, pledged on Friday in its second-quarter monetary policy report that it will strive for better implementation of the moderately loose monetary policy, maintain abundant liquidity, reduce the cost of bank liabilities and promote a decline in overall social financing costs.

\n

Figures released on Friday by the National Bureau of Statistics showed that the Chinese economy maintained its overall stability but showed signs of softening, with industrial output up by 5.7 percent year-on-year in July, down from 6.8 percent in June.

\n

Retail sales, a key measurement of consumer spending, grew by 3.7 percent year-on-year in July versus a 4.8 percent rise in June, while the surveyed urban unemployment rate came in at 5.2 percent in July, up from 5 percent a month earlier, the NBS said.

\n

"The foundation for economic recovery and improvement still needs to be consolidated," said Fu Linghui, spokesman and chief economist at the NBS.

\n

Authorities should maintain policy continuity and stability, and focus on stabilizing employment, businesses, markets and expectations to promote steady and healthy economic development, Fu said.

\n

Despite the headwinds, Fu said that China's economy has maintained a trajectory of stability with improvement, with innovation driving the growth of new economic dynamics and export resilience expected to be sustained by a string of favorable conditions in the second half.

\n

The NBS data showed that the expansion of equipment manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing remained strong at 8.4 percent and 9.3 percent year-on-year in July, respectively.

\n

China's goods exports expanded by 8 percent year-on-year in renminbi terms last month, up from 7.2 percent in June, the bureau said, with diversified export destinations, upgraded industrial capacity and policies to stabilize trade offsetting the impact of persistent trade protectionism.

\n

Resilience is also evident in the robust performance of China's A-share market. The benchmark Shanghai Composite Index went up by 0.83 percent to close at 3,696.77 points on Friday, rising by 3.46 percent so far this month.

\n

Wen Bin, chief economist at China Minsheng Bank, said he expects macroeconomic policies to continue bolstering the economy in the second half, with a focus on advancing key infrastructure investment projects and improving people's living standards, as reflected by the recent launch of subsidies for consumer loans and childcare.

\n

Wen added that despite disruptions to economic activity in July, expansion in industrial production and services activity in the January-July period remained above 5 percent, keeping the full-year GDP growth target of around 5 percent within reach under sustained policy support.

\n

zhoulanxv@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_001_689faf24ed50ccabe1517a54.htm#001FRONT", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "ab6513c15dc484b2ba047a5d1d1a8f77", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "001FRONT - World Games blend sports, cultural discoveries", + "description": "

A foreigner participating in the 12th World Games experiences tea art in Chengdu, Sichuan province.

\n

As the 12th World Games in Chengdu, Sichuan province, approach their closing ceremony on Sunday, athletes will take home more than just medals and glory — they will also carry indelible memories of China's profound culture.

\n

Cecilia Jaques, an athlete from the Brazilian women's fistball team, has paid frequent visits with her teammates to a cultural bazaar in the World Games Village, which exudes the charm of ancient traditions.

\n

There, they can immerse themselves in diverse cultural activities, such as learning Chinese calligraphy and painting, wearing traditional Chinese attire, practicing tai chi or Baduanjin exercises, a traditional Chinese form of aerobics, and experiencing traditional Chinese medical massage.

\n

The interactive workshops also allow them to learn Chinese intangible cultural heritage crafts, including bamboo weaving, embroidery, shadow puppetry and paper-cutting.

\n

"There are so many different activities every day, and we enjoyed them," Jaques said, adding that her favorite was a traditional woodblock printing workshop, where she learned to press intricate designs onto paper.

\n

"I didn't even know the exact name of the craft, but it was so nice," she said.

\n

Su Bo, deputy director of the games executive committee's World Games Village department, said that an average of over 900 people have participated in the interactive cultural activities every day.

\n

"All the handmade creations at the interactive workshops can be taken home as special gifts that carry the wonderful memories of the games," he said.

\n

The organizers also set up a "Chinese Bridge" language zone in the games village, which attracts over 600 daily visitors seeking to learn to speak Chinese, write Chinese characters, sing Chinese songs, cook Chinese dishes, and get a Chinese name, Su said.

\n

Meanwhile, the night cultural performances, which started on Aug 8, have seen the total participation of over 3,000 people as of Thursday, he added.

\n

Outside the games village, athletes and delegation officials have been discovering more cultural offerings in the city's urban area.

\n

Marie Stephan, a squash athlete from France, went on a city tour during competition breaks and was amazed by the stunning night views of Chengdu.

\n

"We went through an ancient corridor bridge and walked a bit downtown. It was really a nice experience," she said, adding that she also loves the local cuisine.

\n

Stephan said she is super happy that the games are being held in China this year. "We didn't have much time to do all the tourist activities, but I definitely think I'll come back to China for a tour of the whole country," she said.

\n

Wang Feng, head of the games executive committee's urban services department, said they offer seven urban cultural experience routes covering a total of 17 spots, with over 2,200 athletes and guests having registered to participate.

\n

The most popular route has turned out to be the one to the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, where more than 200 giant pandas live and visitors get to see them up close, Wang said.

\n

Another popular option is the nighttime tour route, which includes a bus ride to enjoy urban night views and taste hot pot, a cruise on the Jinjiang River for light shows, and finally a Sichuan opera face-changing performance at Wangjianglou Park, he added.

\n

Gao Yiqiang, deputy director of the games executive committee's publicity department (opening and closing ceremonies department), said that the World Games Plaza in Chengdu Eastern New Area has also been providing diverse cultural offerings since Aug 8.

\n

From artistic performances and sports demonstrations to technology exhibitions and hands-on experience of intangible cultural heritage crafts, the cultural activities have attracted a total of over 13,000 participants, Gao said.

\n

"By hosting all these cultural activities, we aim to facilitate cross-cultural exchanges and foster friendship among participants worldwide," he added.

\n

pengchao@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "content": "

A foreigner participating in the 12th World Games experiences tea art in Chengdu, Sichuan province.

\n

As the 12th World Games in Chengdu, Sichuan province, approach their closing ceremony on Sunday, athletes will take home more than just medals and glory — they will also carry indelible memories of China's profound culture.

\n

Cecilia Jaques, an athlete from the Brazilian women's fistball team, has paid frequent visits with her teammates to a cultural bazaar in the World Games Village, which exudes the charm of ancient traditions.

\n

There, they can immerse themselves in diverse cultural activities, such as learning Chinese calligraphy and painting, wearing traditional Chinese attire, practicing tai chi or Baduanjin exercises, a traditional Chinese form of aerobics, and experiencing traditional Chinese medical massage.

\n

The interactive workshops also allow them to learn Chinese intangible cultural heritage crafts, including bamboo weaving, embroidery, shadow puppetry and paper-cutting.

\n

"There are so many different activities every day, and we enjoyed them," Jaques said, adding that her favorite was a traditional woodblock printing workshop, where she learned to press intricate designs onto paper.

\n

"I didn't even know the exact name of the craft, but it was so nice," she said.

\n

Su Bo, deputy director of the games executive committee's World Games Village department, said that an average of over 900 people have participated in the interactive cultural activities every day.

\n

"All the handmade creations at the interactive workshops can be taken home as special gifts that carry the wonderful memories of the games," he said.

\n

The organizers also set up a "Chinese Bridge" language zone in the games village, which attracts over 600 daily visitors seeking to learn to speak Chinese, write Chinese characters, sing Chinese songs, cook Chinese dishes, and get a Chinese name, Su said.

\n

Meanwhile, the night cultural performances, which started on Aug 8, have seen the total participation of over 3,000 people as of Thursday, he added.

\n

Outside the games village, athletes and delegation officials have been discovering more cultural offerings in the city's urban area.

\n

Marie Stephan, a squash athlete from France, went on a city tour during competition breaks and was amazed by the stunning night views of Chengdu.

\n

"We went through an ancient corridor bridge and walked a bit downtown. It was really a nice experience," she said, adding that she also loves the local cuisine.

\n

Stephan said she is super happy that the games are being held in China this year. "We didn't have much time to do all the tourist activities, but I definitely think I'll come back to China for a tour of the whole country," she said.

\n

Wang Feng, head of the games executive committee's urban services department, said they offer seven urban cultural experience routes covering a total of 17 spots, with over 2,200 athletes and guests having registered to participate.

\n

The most popular route has turned out to be the one to the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, where more than 200 giant pandas live and visitors get to see them up close, Wang said.

\n

Another popular option is the nighttime tour route, which includes a bus ride to enjoy urban night views and taste hot pot, a cruise on the Jinjiang River for light shows, and finally a Sichuan opera face-changing performance at Wangjianglou Park, he added.

\n

Gao Yiqiang, deputy director of the games executive committee's publicity department (opening and closing ceremonies department), said that the World Games Plaza in Chengdu Eastern New Area has also been providing diverse cultural offerings since Aug 8.

\n

From artistic performances and sports demonstrations to technology exhibitions and hands-on experience of intangible cultural heritage crafts, the cultural activities have attracted a total of over 13,000 participants, Gao said.

\n

"By hosting all these cultural activities, we aim to facilitate cross-cultural exchanges and foster friendship among participants worldwide," he added.

\n

pengchao@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_001_689faf28ed50ccabe1517a55.htm#001FRONT", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "a46f1b8860f3fa185630a0fbc521a955", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "001FRONT - Rocket engine test paves way for manned lunar mission", + "description": "

China conducted on Friday afternoon a key test on the propulsion system to be used in a new type of carrier rocket, which will be crucial in realizing China's plan to send astronauts to the moon.

\n

During the ignition test at around 3 pm at the Wenchang Space Launch Center, a coastal spaceport in Hainan province, seven powerful engines, packed inside a prototype first stage of the Long March 10 rocket, were ignited, completing several tasks and generating a great deal of data, according to the China Manned Space Agency.

\n

The agency said in a statement that the engines generated a massive combined thrust of nearly 1,000 metric tons during the event, setting a new domestic record for the most powerful engine ignition test.

\n

Zhu Pingping, an engineer from China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp who took part in the test, said that in addition to the engines, the performance of heat-resistant structures and coating on the first stage was also checked and recorded during the test.

\n

According to China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp, the Long March 10 is a brand-new type of launch vehicle and will be tasked with launching the country's new-generation crewed spacecraft and the lunar landing module.

\n

The rocket is expected to be ready for its maiden flight around 2027.

\n

The moon-mission rocket will consist of a core booster and several side boosters and will be 92.5 meters tall, which is roughly the height of a 32-story residential building, and five meters wide. The gigantic vehicle will have a liftoff weight of 2,189 metric tons and a thrust of 2,678 tons.

\n

It will be capable of transporting spacecraft weighing at least 27 tons to an Earth-moon transfer trajectory, according to designers.

\n

The rocket will also have a variant, the Long March 10A, which will not have side boosters. The Long March 10A, which will have a reusable first stage, will be 67 meters tall and have a liftoff weight of about 740 tons.

\n

With a carrying capacity of 14 tons, it will be used to transport astronauts or cargoes to the Tiangong space station in low-Earth orbit, according to designers.

\n

China's roadmap for its first manned lunar expedition involves two Long March 10 launches from the Wenchang spaceport to transport a landing module and a manned spacecraft into lunar orbit.

\n

After reaching their preset orbital positions, the landing module and the spacecraft carrying astronauts will rendezvous and dock with each other. Two crew members will enter the landing module, which will then undock and descend toward the lunar surface for an engine-assisted soft landing.

\n

On the lunar surface, the astronauts will drive a rover to carry out scientific tasks and collect samples. Upon the completion of their assignments, they will return to the landing module, which will fly them back to their spaceship waiting in lunar orbit.

\n

In the final stage, the astronauts will carry the samples into their spacecraft, which will then undock and return the crew to Earth.

\n

zhaolei@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "content": "

China conducted on Friday afternoon a key test on the propulsion system to be used in a new type of carrier rocket, which will be crucial in realizing China's plan to send astronauts to the moon.

\n

During the ignition test at around 3 pm at the Wenchang Space Launch Center, a coastal spaceport in Hainan province, seven powerful engines, packed inside a prototype first stage of the Long March 10 rocket, were ignited, completing several tasks and generating a great deal of data, according to the China Manned Space Agency.

\n

The agency said in a statement that the engines generated a massive combined thrust of nearly 1,000 metric tons during the event, setting a new domestic record for the most powerful engine ignition test.

\n

Zhu Pingping, an engineer from China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp who took part in the test, said that in addition to the engines, the performance of heat-resistant structures and coating on the first stage was also checked and recorded during the test.

\n

According to China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp, the Long March 10 is a brand-new type of launch vehicle and will be tasked with launching the country's new-generation crewed spacecraft and the lunar landing module.

\n

The rocket is expected to be ready for its maiden flight around 2027.

\n

The moon-mission rocket will consist of a core booster and several side boosters and will be 92.5 meters tall, which is roughly the height of a 32-story residential building, and five meters wide. The gigantic vehicle will have a liftoff weight of 2,189 metric tons and a thrust of 2,678 tons.

\n

It will be capable of transporting spacecraft weighing at least 27 tons to an Earth-moon transfer trajectory, according to designers.

\n

The rocket will also have a variant, the Long March 10A, which will not have side boosters. The Long March 10A, which will have a reusable first stage, will be 67 meters tall and have a liftoff weight of about 740 tons.

\n

With a carrying capacity of 14 tons, it will be used to transport astronauts or cargoes to the Tiangong space station in low-Earth orbit, according to designers.

\n

China's roadmap for its first manned lunar expedition involves two Long March 10 launches from the Wenchang spaceport to transport a landing module and a manned spacecraft into lunar orbit.

\n

After reaching their preset orbital positions, the landing module and the spacecraft carrying astronauts will rendezvous and dock with each other. Two crew members will enter the landing module, which will then undock and descend toward the lunar surface for an engine-assisted soft landing.

\n

On the lunar surface, the astronauts will drive a rover to carry out scientific tasks and collect samples. Upon the completion of their assignments, they will return to the landing module, which will fly them back to their spaceship waiting in lunar orbit.

\n

In the final stage, the astronauts will carry the samples into their spacecraft, which will then undock and return the crew to Earth.

\n

zhaolei@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_001_689faf2ced50ccabe1517a56.htm#001FRONT", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "da6f850e6aea355f0c15690b9a7e3caf", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "002CHINA - New evidence of Japanese germ warfare made public", + "description": "

New evidence detailing the atrocities committed by Unit 731, the notorious germ warfare detachment of the Imperial Japanese Army, was made public on Friday in Harbin, Heilongjiang province, exposing Japanese germ warfare crimes in detail.

\n

The latest release comprises 3,010 pages of archival documents, 194 minutes of video footage, 312 photographs, 12 postcards, and eight letters, most of which have been shown to the public for the first time.

\n

The materials involve multiple military and medical institutions, including the Imperial Japanese Army Medical School, Unit 731 in Harbin, Unit 1644 in Nanjing of Jiangsu province, and Unit 8604 in Guangzhou of Guangdong province.

\n

They cover a broad range of topics, from personnel rosters and daily life records to pathological dissection manuals, photographic archives, and combat handbooks used during Japan's biological warfare campaigns.

\n

According to Jin Chengmin, curator of the Exhibition Hall of Evidences of Crime Committed by Unit 731 of the Japanese Imperial Army, the latest evidence is drawn from three main sources, including official Japanese archives, oral testimonies from former Unit 731 members, and evidence collected from Japanese private sources, Xinhua News Agency reported.

\n

The combined textual, photographic, oral and physical evidence offers direct proof of the existence of Unit 731 and its organizational structure, scale, and personnel.

\n

It reveals extensive collaboration between certain government, military, medical and academic sectors of Japan in waging biological warfare.

\n

The new evidence and historical materials reveal further details of Japan's germ warfare system, and prove again that the existence of Unit 731 was a top-down, premeditated and organized state crime, Jin said.

\n

For decades, the Exhibition Hall of Evidences of Crime Committed by Unit 731 of the Japanese Imperial Army has conducted investigations across China and abroad to collect evidence of Japan's wartime biological warfare.

\n

Its work has extended to Japan, the United States, Russia and Germany, preserving over 423 hours of oral testimony from former Unit 731 members and amassing more than 300,000 pages of documents.

\n

Established in Harbin in 1933, Unit 731 served as the nerve center of Japan's germ warfare during World War II.

\n

Operating under the guise of "epidemic prevention", it carried out inhumane human experiments, inflicting extreme suffering on victims from multiple countries.

\n

To further expose these crimes, the exhibition hall announced on Friday that it will open a special exhibition showcasing 3,482 pages of documents and 662 artifacts collected over the past decade from China, Japan, the US and Russia.

\n

Friday also saw the launch of an illustrated catalogue of the cultural relics from the Exhibition Hall of Evidences of Crime Committed by Unit 731. Published in Chinese, Korean, English, Russian and Japanese, the comprehensive volume compiles decades of archaeological discoveries, field investigations, cross-border evidence collection and artifact donations.

\n

Friday marked the 80th anniversary of Japan's unconditional surrender in World War II in 1945, and the 40th anniversary of the exhibition hall's establishment in 1985.

\n

Contact the writers at guoyanqi@chinadaily.com.cn

\n



获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", + "content": "

New evidence detailing the atrocities committed by Unit 731, the notorious germ warfare detachment of the Imperial Japanese Army, was made public on Friday in Harbin, Heilongjiang province, exposing Japanese germ warfare crimes in detail.

\n

The latest release comprises 3,010 pages of archival documents, 194 minutes of video footage, 312 photographs, 12 postcards, and eight letters, most of which have been shown to the public for the first time.

\n

The materials involve multiple military and medical institutions, including the Imperial Japanese Army Medical School, Unit 731 in Harbin, Unit 1644 in Nanjing of Jiangsu province, and Unit 8604 in Guangzhou of Guangdong province.

\n

They cover a broad range of topics, from personnel rosters and daily life records to pathological dissection manuals, photographic archives, and combat handbooks used during Japan's biological warfare campaigns.

\n

According to Jin Chengmin, curator of the Exhibition Hall of Evidences of Crime Committed by Unit 731 of the Japanese Imperial Army, the latest evidence is drawn from three main sources, including official Japanese archives, oral testimonies from former Unit 731 members, and evidence collected from Japanese private sources, Xinhua News Agency reported.

\n

The combined textual, photographic, oral and physical evidence offers direct proof of the existence of Unit 731 and its organizational structure, scale, and personnel.

\n

It reveals extensive collaboration between certain government, military, medical and academic sectors of Japan in waging biological warfare.

\n

The new evidence and historical materials reveal further details of Japan's germ warfare system, and prove again that the existence of Unit 731 was a top-down, premeditated and organized state crime, Jin said.

\n

For decades, the Exhibition Hall of Evidences of Crime Committed by Unit 731 of the Japanese Imperial Army has conducted investigations across China and abroad to collect evidence of Japan's wartime biological warfare.

\n

Its work has extended to Japan, the United States, Russia and Germany, preserving over 423 hours of oral testimony from former Unit 731 members and amassing more than 300,000 pages of documents.

\n

Established in Harbin in 1933, Unit 731 served as the nerve center of Japan's germ warfare during World War II.

\n

Operating under the guise of "epidemic prevention", it carried out inhumane human experiments, inflicting extreme suffering on victims from multiple countries.

\n

To further expose these crimes, the exhibition hall announced on Friday that it will open a special exhibition showcasing 3,482 pages of documents and 662 artifacts collected over the past decade from China, Japan, the US and Russia.

\n

Friday also saw the launch of an illustrated catalogue of the cultural relics from the Exhibition Hall of Evidences of Crime Committed by Unit 731. Published in Chinese, Korean, English, Russian and Japanese, the comprehensive volume compiles decades of archaeological discoveries, field investigations, cross-border evidence collection and artifact donations.

\n

Friday marked the 80th anniversary of Japan's unconditional surrender in World War II in 1945, and the 40th anniversary of the exhibition hall's establishment in 1985.

\n

Contact the writers at guoyanqi@chinadaily.com.cn

\n



获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_002_689faf31ed50ccabe1517a57.htm#002CHINA", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "6246ce78c2bc2f9e127fe9b4503bd659", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "002CHINA - Cultivating interest", + "description": "

Visitors view handmade artifacts at the China Changchun International Agriculture and Food Expo (Trade) in Changchun, Jilin province. The 10-day event, inaugurated at the Changchun modern agricultural park on Friday, drew many visitors interested in experiencing modern farming techniques and high-quality agricultural products up close.

\n

", + "content": "

Visitors view handmade artifacts at the China Changchun International Agriculture and Food Expo (Trade) in Changchun, Jilin province. The 10-day event, inaugurated at the Changchun modern agricultural park on Friday, drew many visitors interested in experiencing modern farming techniques and high-quality agricultural products up close.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_002_689faf35ed50ccabe1517a58.htm#002CHINA", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "11c732e518b67ba350c82b0eb2949b4a", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "002CHINA - Drive against harm to wildlife intensifies", + "description": "

Rescued nationally protected wild birds are released during an activity in Jinhua, Zhejiang province, on Wednesday. Over 30 birds from 5 different species were released at the event.

\n

Police in China have investigated more than 7,000 criminal cases of harm to birds and other wild animals so far this year, capturing more than 11,000 suspects, the Ministry of Public Security said.

\n

Through continuous campaigns in recent years, police across the country have responded harshly to criminal activities harming wild animals, the ministry said in a statement on Friday, which marked National Ecology Day, and disclosed five typical cases harming wild birds.

\n

In one of the cases, in October 2023, police in Gaizhou, Liaoning province, captured 10 people suspected of hunting wild birds.

\n

The police confiscated from the suspects 31 wild birds under second-class State protection and more than 25,000 wild birds that are of important ecological, scientific and social value.

\n

From September to October in 2023, these people used nets and other tools to hunt wild birds in no-hunting zones or during hunting moratoriums, and purchased, transported and sold wild birds illegally, the ministry said.

\n

In another case, police in Jianli, Hubei province, captured 50 people suspected of illegal hunting, purchasing and selling of wild birds in October 2024.

\n

The police seized over 2,600 yellow-breasted buntings, which are classified as State first-class protected animals, along with a total of 28,800 protected animals like the yellow-throated bunting and black-faced bunting. Additionally, they confiscated over 40 sets of trapping equipment and more than 150 nets.

\n

Investigations by local public security authorities showed that from June to October in 2024, a suspect surnamed Zeng and another surnamed Zhang had others hunt protected wild birds in Jianli, and shipped the birds outside Hubei province to sell them, the ministry said.

\n

A third case was cracked in December 2023 by police in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, where six people suspected of hunting eagles and Chinese hwameis were captured.

\n

Despite being fully aware that eagles and Chinese hwameis are wildlife under special State protection, the suspects traveled to different places in the country to purchase, transport and sell them for personal breeding and profit without obtaining permits from relevant authorities, the ministry said.

\n

They were also said to have trained and manipulated eagles to hunt other wild birds, livestreamed Chinese hwamei fighting and organized online gambling.

\n

China has a list of species of wild animals, including birds, which it places under special State protection. Animals on the list are subject to first or second-class State protection.

\n

It also has an extensive list of terrestrial wild animals with important ecological, scientific and social value. Listed animals are also placed under strict protection.

\n

In order to protect biodiversity, the Ministry of Public Security has recently initiated a nationwide campaign aimed at combating criminal activities that harm State-protected wildlife, including birds. This campaign calls for a rigorous crackdown on such illegal activities to ensure the preservation of these species.

\n

wangqingyun@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "content": "

Rescued nationally protected wild birds are released during an activity in Jinhua, Zhejiang province, on Wednesday. Over 30 birds from 5 different species were released at the event.

\n

Police in China have investigated more than 7,000 criminal cases of harm to birds and other wild animals so far this year, capturing more than 11,000 suspects, the Ministry of Public Security said.

\n

Through continuous campaigns in recent years, police across the country have responded harshly to criminal activities harming wild animals, the ministry said in a statement on Friday, which marked National Ecology Day, and disclosed five typical cases harming wild birds.

\n

In one of the cases, in October 2023, police in Gaizhou, Liaoning province, captured 10 people suspected of hunting wild birds.

\n

The police confiscated from the suspects 31 wild birds under second-class State protection and more than 25,000 wild birds that are of important ecological, scientific and social value.

\n

From September to October in 2023, these people used nets and other tools to hunt wild birds in no-hunting zones or during hunting moratoriums, and purchased, transported and sold wild birds illegally, the ministry said.

\n

In another case, police in Jianli, Hubei province, captured 50 people suspected of illegal hunting, purchasing and selling of wild birds in October 2024.

\n

The police seized over 2,600 yellow-breasted buntings, which are classified as State first-class protected animals, along with a total of 28,800 protected animals like the yellow-throated bunting and black-faced bunting. Additionally, they confiscated over 40 sets of trapping equipment and more than 150 nets.

\n

Investigations by local public security authorities showed that from June to October in 2024, a suspect surnamed Zeng and another surnamed Zhang had others hunt protected wild birds in Jianli, and shipped the birds outside Hubei province to sell them, the ministry said.

\n

A third case was cracked in December 2023 by police in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, where six people suspected of hunting eagles and Chinese hwameis were captured.

\n

Despite being fully aware that eagles and Chinese hwameis are wildlife under special State protection, the suspects traveled to different places in the country to purchase, transport and sell them for personal breeding and profit without obtaining permits from relevant authorities, the ministry said.

\n

They were also said to have trained and manipulated eagles to hunt other wild birds, livestreamed Chinese hwamei fighting and organized online gambling.

\n

China has a list of species of wild animals, including birds, which it places under special State protection. Animals on the list are subject to first or second-class State protection.

\n

It also has an extensive list of terrestrial wild animals with important ecological, scientific and social value. Listed animals are also placed under strict protection.

\n

In order to protect biodiversity, the Ministry of Public Security has recently initiated a nationwide campaign aimed at combating criminal activities that harm State-protected wildlife, including birds. This campaign calls for a rigorous crackdown on such illegal activities to ensure the preservation of these species.

\n

wangqingyun@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_002_689faf3aed50ccabe1517a59.htm#002CHINA", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "80cf10b7a38028c1e1794a4daea902b0", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "002CHINA - 19 punished for role in medical admission case", + "description": "

A total of 19 officials, doctors and educators from nine institutions in Beijing have been held accountable in the case of a junior physician who fabricated academic records and committed plagiarism to gain admission into a prestigious medical program, China's top health authority announced on Friday.

\n

The National Health Commission also urged the Peking Union Medical College to tighten checks on applications for its four-year doctoral program — which provides outstanding students majoring in another discipline with an accelerated pathway to become a doctor — strengthen academic integrity education and ensure a mandatory three-year residency program for all.

\n

The academic misconduct of the junior physician, surnamed Dong, surfaced after her extramarital affair with a senior surgeon at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, surnamed Xiao, was made public by his wife in mid-April.

\n

Following public doubts cast on Dong's enrollment certifications, dissertations and dubious residency experiences, the commission launched an official investigation in early May and announced the revocation of the medical licenses of Dong and Xiao for violations of professional and academic ethics later that month.

\n

In the latest investigation results published on Friday, the commission said that the China-Japan Friendship Hospital failed to rigorously implement medical quality safety management and medical ethics nurturing. Previously, Xiao was confirmed to have arbitrarily left a surgical room while a patient was under anesthesia due to an argument involving Dong, who was a trainee there.

\n

Moreover, officials and doctors from the Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital and Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences have been found to have overlooked loopholes in Dong's application materials and dissertations. Some resorted to nepotism to illegally transfer Dong to different departments during her residency.

\n

Dong's aunt, surnamed Ban, an official at the University of Science and Technology Beijing, aided in falsifying Dong's academic records that were later used as application materials. She also arranged for a university teacher to help her niece write a doctoral thesis.

\n

The commission said that the vice-president of the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, surnamed Cui, was given a disciplinary admonition. The then vice-president of Peking Union Medical College, who was responsible for admissions and teaching, surnamed Zhang, was given a serious warning.

\n

Seventeen other officials or workers from hospitals and universities, including several chief physicians and surgeons, have also been given punishment, including admonitions, disciplinary reviews and warnings.

\n

A head nurse at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, the director of academic affairs at the Peking Union Medical College and an official at the University of Science and Technology Beijing have been removed from their positions. Dong's aunt was dismissed and removed from the teaching position.

\n

The commission added that the "four-plus-four-year" doctoral program that admitted Dong is meant to advance integration of medical education with other disciplines.

\n

It has now joined efforts with the Ministry of Education to urge the Peking Union Medical College to deepen rectifications, including specifying the range of applicants' undergraduate institutions and major categories, enhancing checks of academic records, and strength education on academic integrity and oversight over clinical internships.

\n

The commission also stresses ramping up quality requirements and defense procedures for theses and implementing an additional plagiarism check in the second year after thesis defense.

\n

All graduates from the program must complete a uniform three-year residency training period, it added.

\n

wangxiaoyu@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "content": "

A total of 19 officials, doctors and educators from nine institutions in Beijing have been held accountable in the case of a junior physician who fabricated academic records and committed plagiarism to gain admission into a prestigious medical program, China's top health authority announced on Friday.

\n

The National Health Commission also urged the Peking Union Medical College to tighten checks on applications for its four-year doctoral program — which provides outstanding students majoring in another discipline with an accelerated pathway to become a doctor — strengthen academic integrity education and ensure a mandatory three-year residency program for all.

\n

The academic misconduct of the junior physician, surnamed Dong, surfaced after her extramarital affair with a senior surgeon at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, surnamed Xiao, was made public by his wife in mid-April.

\n

Following public doubts cast on Dong's enrollment certifications, dissertations and dubious residency experiences, the commission launched an official investigation in early May and announced the revocation of the medical licenses of Dong and Xiao for violations of professional and academic ethics later that month.

\n

In the latest investigation results published on Friday, the commission said that the China-Japan Friendship Hospital failed to rigorously implement medical quality safety management and medical ethics nurturing. Previously, Xiao was confirmed to have arbitrarily left a surgical room while a patient was under anesthesia due to an argument involving Dong, who was a trainee there.

\n

Moreover, officials and doctors from the Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital and Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences have been found to have overlooked loopholes in Dong's application materials and dissertations. Some resorted to nepotism to illegally transfer Dong to different departments during her residency.

\n

Dong's aunt, surnamed Ban, an official at the University of Science and Technology Beijing, aided in falsifying Dong's academic records that were later used as application materials. She also arranged for a university teacher to help her niece write a doctoral thesis.

\n

The commission said that the vice-president of the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, surnamed Cui, was given a disciplinary admonition. The then vice-president of Peking Union Medical College, who was responsible for admissions and teaching, surnamed Zhang, was given a serious warning.

\n

Seventeen other officials or workers from hospitals and universities, including several chief physicians and surgeons, have also been given punishment, including admonitions, disciplinary reviews and warnings.

\n

A head nurse at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, the director of academic affairs at the Peking Union Medical College and an official at the University of Science and Technology Beijing have been removed from their positions. Dong's aunt was dismissed and removed from the teaching position.

\n

The commission added that the "four-plus-four-year" doctoral program that admitted Dong is meant to advance integration of medical education with other disciplines.

\n

It has now joined efforts with the Ministry of Education to urge the Peking Union Medical College to deepen rectifications, including specifying the range of applicants' undergraduate institutions and major categories, enhancing checks of academic records, and strength education on academic integrity and oversight over clinical internships.

\n

The commission also stresses ramping up quality requirements and defense procedures for theses and implementing an additional plagiarism check in the second year after thesis defense.

\n

All graduates from the program must complete a uniform three-year residency training period, it added.

\n

wangxiaoyu@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_002_689faf3eed50ccabe1517a5a.htm#002CHINA", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "5794ab1bdfbe57f6043a19ce5e81f555", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "002CHINA - Assistance turns county into top plum producer", + "description": "

Payzawat county in Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, has become China's largest plum producer, thanks in part to assistance from South China's Guangdong province.

\n

"The county boasts 38,000 hectares of plum orchards, accounting for about half of China's total," said Wu Congying, head of Guangdong's assistance work team, who now works as the deputy secretary of the county Party committee.

\n

The county's annual plum production makes up 70 percent of the country's total, according to the county's data.

\n

Plum cultivation in Payzawat has a long history, but was previously unstructured and less profitable. Preserving fresh plums was also once a major challenge for local farmers.

\n

In recent years, assistance programs from Guangdong have helped transform the industry by integrating research, education and production, leading to the establishment of a modern plum industrial park.

\n

To support the growth of the local plum industry, eight research teams have been set up in the park, focusing on the key challenges such as product development and pest control.

\n

Meanwhile, a countywide cold chain logistics system has been established to improve storage and distribution.

\n

"The abundant sunlight, along with trace elements like calcium, potassium and selenium in land and water, creates an ideal environment for plum cultivation," said Dang Yu, the Party secretary of the development service center of Payzawat's modern agricultural industrial park, where the plum park is based.

\n

"The plums are rich in anthocyanins and vitamins, offering antioxidant and digestive benefits, making them highly popular among consumers," said Dang.

\n

The quality plums have attracted 25 enterprises to produce 22 types of products, including juice, dried fruit, wine and jam.

\n

Currently, 70 percent of Payzawat's plums are sold fresh, while the remaining are processed into juices, jams and other goods.

\n

Today, the plum industry in the county has evolved from simple plantation into a full-fledged industrial chain covering planting, harvesting, sorting, packaging, processing, cold storage and sales. It has created jobs for more than 150,000 people.

\n

"The plum harvest season lasts nearly two months, during which over 300 farmers work daily at our company, earning more than 200 yuan ($28) per day," said Guo Haijun, head of Kashgar Pagoda Anda Smart Agriculture Company.

\n

Last year, the company purchased 3,000 metric tons of plums from local growers.

\n

"My family planted one hectare of plum trees, and this is the first fruit-bearing year," said Elminur Ablat, a local resident. "The fresh fruit sales have already brought in an income of around 18,000 yuan this year."

\n

With the trees reaching full productivity by the third year, Ablat expects her annual income from the orchard to exceed 80,000 yuan, based on local growers' experience.

\n

The county aims to further expand its plum industry into a national-level modern agricultural cluster, according to the local government.

\n

zhaoruixue@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "content": "

Payzawat county in Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, has become China's largest plum producer, thanks in part to assistance from South China's Guangdong province.

\n

"The county boasts 38,000 hectares of plum orchards, accounting for about half of China's total," said Wu Congying, head of Guangdong's assistance work team, who now works as the deputy secretary of the county Party committee.

\n

The county's annual plum production makes up 70 percent of the country's total, according to the county's data.

\n

Plum cultivation in Payzawat has a long history, but was previously unstructured and less profitable. Preserving fresh plums was also once a major challenge for local farmers.

\n

In recent years, assistance programs from Guangdong have helped transform the industry by integrating research, education and production, leading to the establishment of a modern plum industrial park.

\n

To support the growth of the local plum industry, eight research teams have been set up in the park, focusing on the key challenges such as product development and pest control.

\n

Meanwhile, a countywide cold chain logistics system has been established to improve storage and distribution.

\n

"The abundant sunlight, along with trace elements like calcium, potassium and selenium in land and water, creates an ideal environment for plum cultivation," said Dang Yu, the Party secretary of the development service center of Payzawat's modern agricultural industrial park, where the plum park is based.

\n

"The plums are rich in anthocyanins and vitamins, offering antioxidant and digestive benefits, making them highly popular among consumers," said Dang.

\n

The quality plums have attracted 25 enterprises to produce 22 types of products, including juice, dried fruit, wine and jam.

\n

Currently, 70 percent of Payzawat's plums are sold fresh, while the remaining are processed into juices, jams and other goods.

\n

Today, the plum industry in the county has evolved from simple plantation into a full-fledged industrial chain covering planting, harvesting, sorting, packaging, processing, cold storage and sales. It has created jobs for more than 150,000 people.

\n

"The plum harvest season lasts nearly two months, during which over 300 farmers work daily at our company, earning more than 200 yuan ($28) per day," said Guo Haijun, head of Kashgar Pagoda Anda Smart Agriculture Company.

\n

Last year, the company purchased 3,000 metric tons of plums from local growers.

\n

"My family planted one hectare of plum trees, and this is the first fruit-bearing year," said Elminur Ablat, a local resident. "The fresh fruit sales have already brought in an income of around 18,000 yuan this year."

\n

With the trees reaching full productivity by the third year, Ablat expects her annual income from the orchard to exceed 80,000 yuan, based on local growers' experience.

\n

The county aims to further expand its plum industry into a national-level modern agricultural cluster, according to the local government.

\n

zhaoruixue@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_002_689faf42ed50ccabe1517a5b.htm#002CHINA", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "0b057f1a8cf22f5acbcca0338371e486", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "004COMMENT - A year's rainfall in a single day", + "description": "

\n

Since late July, northern China has been battered by rainstorms and record high downpours, with places like Miyun district in Beijing and some counties in Hebei province receiving record levels of rainfall. In Miyun, heavy downpours flooded the mountainous areas and lowlands alike, causing the tragic loss of lives and leaving many missing — the worst such disaster Beijing has faced in nearly a decade because of the area receiving almost a year's rainfall in a single day.

\n

Several factors caused this disaster. The Western Pacific subtropical high, a large-scale anti-cyclonic circulation located over the subtropical Pacific throughout the year which reaches its peak in boreal summer (Northern Hemisphere summer) and heavily influences East Asian summer, shifted unusually northward, gaining in strength, nudging China's primary rain belt further north and prolonging its stay. Meanwhile, distant typhoons acted like offshore "pressure pumps" funneling warm, moist air from the Western Pacific into northern China. This continuous infusion of moist air saturated the rain belt, causing extreme precipitation.

\n

The topography amplified the effect. Northern China is surrounded by the Taihang Mountains in the west and the Yanshan Mountains in the north. The warm, moist air flowing inland, forced upward by these mountains, first cools down and then condenses to cause heavy rainfall. That's why the mountainous areas as well as the foothills — Miyun district in Beijing and Yixian county in Hebei — had to bear the brunt of the deluge.

\n

But not just the mountains are at play here. Situated along the mid-latitude, northern China is exposed to cold fronts sweeping down from the higher latitudes. When they collide with tropical moist air, huge walls of cloud form, triggering torrential downpours.

\n

Rainfall involves the transformation of staggering amounts of energy into water in vapor form, which changes to liquid. During China's summer-rainy season, these rain belts span vast areas, generating super-strong winds, lightning, hail, and even tornadoes. Nature's power, in short, is spectacular and indiscriminate.

\n

Northern China's climate adds another twist. The region experiences sharply contrasting winter and summer winds, which create distinctly dry and wet seasons. Summer heat coincides with peak rainfall, further nourishing fertile farmlands. Yet this "rain-heat synchronicity" is a double-edged sword: a large percentage of the annual precipitation develops within a few months, often in concentrated bursts, which cause floods and landslides.

\n

Climate change has made matters worse. Rising temperatures increase atmospheric moisture, intensifying storms and a warmer atmosphere holds more water vapor, so when storms form, they can dump more rain in a shorter time. According to the World Meteorological Organization, every degree of global warming is projected to cause a 7 percent increase in extreme daily rainfall. And the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change says heavy precipitation events are increasing in intensity and frequency globally. In China, this has manifested as more destructive flooding, underscoring the urgent need for forward-looking policies.

\n

In the past, northern China's wetlands, ponds and rivers acted as natural buffers, absorbing rainwater and gradually releasing it, diminishing the contrast between the wet and dry seasons. But development and modernization disturbed the natural phenomenon. Flood management, therefore, should not be only about "draining" water; it should be also about integrating year-round water resource planning.

\n

The frontline has shifted from major rivers to small streams, mountain gullies and local watersheds. Traditional solutions — dredging, widening and deepening of channels — often backfire, unleashing the full force of floods downstream and overwhelming flat, low-lying areas. Decentralized, nature-based structures — small dams, terraces, stepwise wetlands — are needed to dissipate energy, and "pocket reservoirs" are required for absorbing peak water flows during storms. Multifunctional flood storage areas can double as recreational spaces when they are dry, providing safety while enhancing local tourism and green infrastructure.

\n

Truly extreme events — "a year's rainfall in a single day" — are still rare. Building "millennial" infrastructure is costly, disruptive, and could still be insufficient to deal with worsening climate change. A more pragmatic approach would be to embrace the limits of engineering and the extremes of disasters. Certain areas can be designated as temporary flood zones, parks or water retention spaces, turning potential catastrophes into ecological and recreational opportunities. Green spaces and wetlands will thus become essential buffers safeguarding lives and livelihoods.

\n

Extreme rainfall affords no trial and error. We need meticulous planning and investment to reduce future losses. Governments, communities and individuals must be aware of the looming risks, and build adaptive infrastructure and devise emergency plans. Only then can we declare "we are ready" when storm clouds gather.

\n

Downpours in northern China remind us that nature can be both generous and ruthless. We cannot command the clouds, but we can prepare intelligently to deal with heavy downpours. By respecting ecological limits, integrating urban planning with water management, and embracing flexible, multi-functional solutions, we can turn extreme rainfall from a threat to an opportunity, thus protecting lives, supporting sustainable development, and ensuring that when an entire year's rainfall falls in a single day, we are not caught off guard.

\n

The views don't necessarily represent those of China Daily.

\n

", + "content": "

\n

Since late July, northern China has been battered by rainstorms and record high downpours, with places like Miyun district in Beijing and some counties in Hebei province receiving record levels of rainfall. In Miyun, heavy downpours flooded the mountainous areas and lowlands alike, causing the tragic loss of lives and leaving many missing — the worst such disaster Beijing has faced in nearly a decade because of the area receiving almost a year's rainfall in a single day.

\n

Several factors caused this disaster. The Western Pacific subtropical high, a large-scale anti-cyclonic circulation located over the subtropical Pacific throughout the year which reaches its peak in boreal summer (Northern Hemisphere summer) and heavily influences East Asian summer, shifted unusually northward, gaining in strength, nudging China's primary rain belt further north and prolonging its stay. Meanwhile, distant typhoons acted like offshore "pressure pumps" funneling warm, moist air from the Western Pacific into northern China. This continuous infusion of moist air saturated the rain belt, causing extreme precipitation.

\n

The topography amplified the effect. Northern China is surrounded by the Taihang Mountains in the west and the Yanshan Mountains in the north. The warm, moist air flowing inland, forced upward by these mountains, first cools down and then condenses to cause heavy rainfall. That's why the mountainous areas as well as the foothills — Miyun district in Beijing and Yixian county in Hebei — had to bear the brunt of the deluge.

\n

But not just the mountains are at play here. Situated along the mid-latitude, northern China is exposed to cold fronts sweeping down from the higher latitudes. When they collide with tropical moist air, huge walls of cloud form, triggering torrential downpours.

\n

Rainfall involves the transformation of staggering amounts of energy into water in vapor form, which changes to liquid. During China's summer-rainy season, these rain belts span vast areas, generating super-strong winds, lightning, hail, and even tornadoes. Nature's power, in short, is spectacular and indiscriminate.

\n

Northern China's climate adds another twist. The region experiences sharply contrasting winter and summer winds, which create distinctly dry and wet seasons. Summer heat coincides with peak rainfall, further nourishing fertile farmlands. Yet this "rain-heat synchronicity" is a double-edged sword: a large percentage of the annual precipitation develops within a few months, often in concentrated bursts, which cause floods and landslides.

\n

Climate change has made matters worse. Rising temperatures increase atmospheric moisture, intensifying storms and a warmer atmosphere holds more water vapor, so when storms form, they can dump more rain in a shorter time. According to the World Meteorological Organization, every degree of global warming is projected to cause a 7 percent increase in extreme daily rainfall. And the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change says heavy precipitation events are increasing in intensity and frequency globally. In China, this has manifested as more destructive flooding, underscoring the urgent need for forward-looking policies.

\n

In the past, northern China's wetlands, ponds and rivers acted as natural buffers, absorbing rainwater and gradually releasing it, diminishing the contrast between the wet and dry seasons. But development and modernization disturbed the natural phenomenon. Flood management, therefore, should not be only about "draining" water; it should be also about integrating year-round water resource planning.

\n

The frontline has shifted from major rivers to small streams, mountain gullies and local watersheds. Traditional solutions — dredging, widening and deepening of channels — often backfire, unleashing the full force of floods downstream and overwhelming flat, low-lying areas. Decentralized, nature-based structures — small dams, terraces, stepwise wetlands — are needed to dissipate energy, and "pocket reservoirs" are required for absorbing peak water flows during storms. Multifunctional flood storage areas can double as recreational spaces when they are dry, providing safety while enhancing local tourism and green infrastructure.

\n

Truly extreme events — "a year's rainfall in a single day" — are still rare. Building "millennial" infrastructure is costly, disruptive, and could still be insufficient to deal with worsening climate change. A more pragmatic approach would be to embrace the limits of engineering and the extremes of disasters. Certain areas can be designated as temporary flood zones, parks or water retention spaces, turning potential catastrophes into ecological and recreational opportunities. Green spaces and wetlands will thus become essential buffers safeguarding lives and livelihoods.

\n

Extreme rainfall affords no trial and error. We need meticulous planning and investment to reduce future losses. Governments, communities and individuals must be aware of the looming risks, and build adaptive infrastructure and devise emergency plans. Only then can we declare "we are ready" when storm clouds gather.

\n

Downpours in northern China remind us that nature can be both generous and ruthless. We cannot command the clouds, but we can prepare intelligently to deal with heavy downpours. By respecting ecological limits, integrating urban planning with water management, and embracing flexible, multi-functional solutions, we can turn extreme rainfall from a threat to an opportunity, thus protecting lives, supporting sustainable development, and ensuring that when an entire year's rainfall falls in a single day, we are not caught off guard.

\n

The views don't necessarily represent those of China Daily.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_004_689faf58ed50ccabe1517a62.htm#004COMMENT", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "6da490e31a5109e7eb1bab0d1bd3ba8b", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "004COMMENT - When parental anxiety is sparked by summer break", + "description": "

The high temperatures this summer were unbearable — and so was the pressure on many parents. While students enjoy almost complete freedom during summer vacation, their parents and/or guardians are often worried to the core: Who's watching the kids? Are they becoming lazy? Will they fall behind academically? Are they glued to their smartphone/tablet screens?

\n

In their anxiety, some parents eagerly await the reopening of schools or cram courses.

\n

But after China implemented the "double reduction" policy in 2021, in order to ease students' burden by banning excessive homework and off-campus tutoring, the chances of cram courses' revival have largely disappeared. Schools are barred from holding formal classes or special tutorials during holidays, tutoring centers have been shut down, and paid private tutoring by schoolteachers is strictly forbidden. While the policy has been enforced, anxiety continues to plague parents.

\n

The policy was designed with good intentions: to reduce the pressure of academic overload on students, and make families happier.

\n

Some researchers, however, said the policy's impact has been far from uniform: while some families welcomed the move, allowing their children to relax or play some sports, some have doubled down on their children, fearing they would lose precious ground. After all, no parents want to see their children falling behind at the starting line.

\n

In such a situation, what should parents do? Giving children total freedom is not the answer nor is constantly pressuring children to keep on making achievements. To deal with the situation, we need balance, wisdom, and a long-term vision.

\n

To begin with, parents must understand the deeper reasons behind the "double reduction" policy, because it is not only about reducing homework, but also about reforming the education system, promoting holistic development, and improving the quality of teaching and after-school support. If parents understand the policy's goals, they can reduce their anxiety.

\n

They also need to recognize the changing nature of the world their children are growing up in. Today's era is marked by rapid technological advancement — artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and tools like GPT are reshaping industries. In such a world, rote learning and doing repetitive drills are not only ineffective but also harmful. They stifle curiosity and could lead to learning fatigue and emotional distress. Parents must shift their focus from their children getting high grades to helping sharpen their problem-solving skills, and increase their scientific knowledge. And the summer break is the perfect time for children to explore society and broaden horizons.

\n

At the same time, physical and emotional wellbeing should not be neglected. Studies have shown a worrying rise in issues such as myopia, obesity, poor posture, and anxiety among children. Reducing academic pressure must be accompanied by efforts to increase children's exposure to music, sports, art, and hands-on activities. Well-rounded development — moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic and practical — is not a luxury, but a necessity for healthy growth.

\n

Yet parenting is not easy. Without proper guidance, some parents may feel frustrated and some may retreat entirely, while others could try to offload their responsibilities on others. Since parenting is a special skill, would-be and new parents should seek elders' advice and guidance on how to bring up children. Parents who reflect on their behavior and seek guidance tend to feel more confident. And confidence is an antidote to anxiety.

\n

Another crucial factor in parenting is the role of fathers. In many households, parenting duties are disproportionately shared by mothers. This "widowed parenting" practice leaves children without a strong male role model and mothers feeling overwhelmed. A father's steady presence, quiet authority and long-term influence help shape children's character, and build resilience in them. When both parents share the parenting duties, the family functions better and children benefit from a more balanced, secure upbringing.

\n

So parents must look inward. Parents' high expectations from their children often stem from the unfulfilled dreams of their own. As a saying goes, some birds don't fly, but instead lay eggs in the nest and hope their offspring will excel in all departments. Children sense this pressure. What children need most is not perfection, but a role model. Parents who pursue their own dreams with purpose and integrity inspire in their children admiration and respect. This strengthens the parent-child bond and makes a family more united.

\n

The views don't necessarily represent those of China Daily.

\n

", + "content": "

The high temperatures this summer were unbearable — and so was the pressure on many parents. While students enjoy almost complete freedom during summer vacation, their parents and/or guardians are often worried to the core: Who's watching the kids? Are they becoming lazy? Will they fall behind academically? Are they glued to their smartphone/tablet screens?

\n

In their anxiety, some parents eagerly await the reopening of schools or cram courses.

\n

But after China implemented the "double reduction" policy in 2021, in order to ease students' burden by banning excessive homework and off-campus tutoring, the chances of cram courses' revival have largely disappeared. Schools are barred from holding formal classes or special tutorials during holidays, tutoring centers have been shut down, and paid private tutoring by schoolteachers is strictly forbidden. While the policy has been enforced, anxiety continues to plague parents.

\n

The policy was designed with good intentions: to reduce the pressure of academic overload on students, and make families happier.

\n

Some researchers, however, said the policy's impact has been far from uniform: while some families welcomed the move, allowing their children to relax or play some sports, some have doubled down on their children, fearing they would lose precious ground. After all, no parents want to see their children falling behind at the starting line.

\n

In such a situation, what should parents do? Giving children total freedom is not the answer nor is constantly pressuring children to keep on making achievements. To deal with the situation, we need balance, wisdom, and a long-term vision.

\n

To begin with, parents must understand the deeper reasons behind the "double reduction" policy, because it is not only about reducing homework, but also about reforming the education system, promoting holistic development, and improving the quality of teaching and after-school support. If parents understand the policy's goals, they can reduce their anxiety.

\n

They also need to recognize the changing nature of the world their children are growing up in. Today's era is marked by rapid technological advancement — artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and tools like GPT are reshaping industries. In such a world, rote learning and doing repetitive drills are not only ineffective but also harmful. They stifle curiosity and could lead to learning fatigue and emotional distress. Parents must shift their focus from their children getting high grades to helping sharpen their problem-solving skills, and increase their scientific knowledge. And the summer break is the perfect time for children to explore society and broaden horizons.

\n

At the same time, physical and emotional wellbeing should not be neglected. Studies have shown a worrying rise in issues such as myopia, obesity, poor posture, and anxiety among children. Reducing academic pressure must be accompanied by efforts to increase children's exposure to music, sports, art, and hands-on activities. Well-rounded development — moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic and practical — is not a luxury, but a necessity for healthy growth.

\n

Yet parenting is not easy. Without proper guidance, some parents may feel frustrated and some may retreat entirely, while others could try to offload their responsibilities on others. Since parenting is a special skill, would-be and new parents should seek elders' advice and guidance on how to bring up children. Parents who reflect on their behavior and seek guidance tend to feel more confident. And confidence is an antidote to anxiety.

\n

Another crucial factor in parenting is the role of fathers. In many households, parenting duties are disproportionately shared by mothers. This "widowed parenting" practice leaves children without a strong male role model and mothers feeling overwhelmed. A father's steady presence, quiet authority and long-term influence help shape children's character, and build resilience in them. When both parents share the parenting duties, the family functions better and children benefit from a more balanced, secure upbringing.

\n

So parents must look inward. Parents' high expectations from their children often stem from the unfulfilled dreams of their own. As a saying goes, some birds don't fly, but instead lay eggs in the nest and hope their offspring will excel in all departments. Children sense this pressure. What children need most is not perfection, but a role model. Parents who pursue their own dreams with purpose and integrity inspire in their children admiration and respect. This strengthens the parent-child bond and makes a family more united.

\n

The views don't necessarily represent those of China Daily.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_004_689faf5ced50ccabe1517a63.htm#004COMMENT", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "fca6e6751d565f1420a328c63c76ee74", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "004COMMENT - Japan's white paper for kids raises a red flag", + "description": "

The recent release of the annual defense white paper, "Defense of Japan 2025", by the Japanese government may be a known trick being used by Japan to militarize the country. But what is unprecedented and especially worrisome is the release of a booklet based on the 2024 defense white paper for primary school students. Almost 6,100 copies of a comic book version of the white paper have been sent to about 2,400 primary schools across Japan.

\n

The publication, aimed at upper primary and secondary school students, presents military policies and geopolitical dynamics in an oversimplified, emotionally charged manner, labeling national defense a matter of existential urgency and military strength the ultimate safeguard for Japan. This is especially shocking given that pacifism is enshrined in the country's Constitution.

\n

Comprising colorful illustrations and mascots, the booklet appears harmless. But its message is far from benign. By citing neighboring countries — China, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and Russia — as looming threats and portraying Japan as the lone sentinel in a hostile region, it sends a dangerous message to young readers: fear your neighbors, trust the military.

\n

It is one thing to teach children the importance of national defense, quite another to ingrain in them a worldview shaped by anxiety and antagonism. Japan's new approach, cloaked in pedagogy but steeped in politics, represents a troubling shift from education to indoctrination.

\n

Equally worrying is the way the booklet frames the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Rather than exploring the complex political and historical roots of the conflict, it sends a singular message: Ukraine lacks a strong military, and is paying the price for it. The underlying message is even more alarming: peace comes not through diplomacy or cooperation, but through superior firepower.

\n

The militaristic worldview fosters binary thinking — us versus them, strong versus weak. It teaches a generation of students to see international relations, not as a way to build mutual understanding, but as a contest of force. In doing so, it feeds a nationalist narrative that legitimizes Japan's departure from its long-held principle of "exclusively defensive defense".

\n

The booklet promotes Japan's "counterstrike capabilities", a significant break from the country's postwar pacifist norms. Although Japan's Constitution renounces war, the publication normalizes aggressive policies by presenting them as a necessary response to a deteriorating security environment. Its goal is clear: to familiarize children with Japan's "need to build a strong military" and shape public opinion in favor of it.

\n

The narrative architecture of the booklet rests on a steady escalation of perceived threats. It claims Japan is part of a dangerous neighborhood, surrounded by nuclear-armed countries that do not share its values, making it easy to portray diplomacy as naive, and deterrence as the only rational option.

\n

Absent from the text is any discussion on peaceful coexistence of countries, regional cooperation, or historical context. There is no mention of Japan's own militarist past or its responsibility in shaping East Asia's security landscape, meaning it completely ignores history.

\n

This kind of message, aimed at children whose critical thinking is still developing, has long-term consequences. It risks instilling in young minds a sense of victimhood and suspicion, while discouraging them from seeing and forming their own views about the outside world. If left unchallenged, it could build a generation that welcomes militarism and views foreign countries with mistrust.

\n

The political timing is hard to ignore. This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45) and the World Anti-Fascist War, which should be an occasion for sober reflection. Instead, the Japanese government appears to be reviving the very ideology that led the country down the disastrous path in the 1930s.

\n

Japan has been revising its historical narrative in recent years, softening accounts of its wartime aggression and atrocities in textbooks, and offering vague official accounts on its wartime past. Now, with militarized materials entering elementary schools, Japan is reviving a nationalist form of education reminiscent of its prewar era.

\n

Schools should be sanctuaries for open thought, empathy and critical reasoning, not battlegrounds for ideological campaigns. When governments use education to amplify threat narratives, they undermine the very values they claim to protect. National security may be a legitimate concern, but instilling fear in young minds is a sign of a country's belligerence.

\n

Moreover, the booklet is a thinly veiled military recruitment strategy. With Japan's Self-Defense Forces struggling to meet enlistment targets, the booklet appears designed to inspire children to join the SDF when they grow up. Soldiers are portrayed as noble, military life as honorable and exciting to normalize the presence of military in everyday life.

\n

Fortunately, civil society in Japan is not silent. Several citizens' groups have petitioned the government and are calling for the booklet's withdrawal. Their resistance reminds us that democratic values still have a place in Japan's public discourse.

\n

Japan's move risks fueling regional distrust, exacerbating xenophobia in the country and destabilizing East Asia's already fragile peace. The seeds sown in classrooms today could grow into conflicts tomorrow.

\n

History shows what happens when education is used as a vehicle for militarization. Japan's prewar history offers a cautionary tale that should not be forgotten. At a time when the world is facing growing uncertainty, countries should not propagate fear-based ideas; instead they should foster understanding, dialogue and critical thinking.

\n

Japan cannot afford to repeat the mistakes of the past.

\n

The views don't necessarily represent those of China Daily.

\n

", + "content": "

The recent release of the annual defense white paper, "Defense of Japan 2025", by the Japanese government may be a known trick being used by Japan to militarize the country. But what is unprecedented and especially worrisome is the release of a booklet based on the 2024 defense white paper for primary school students. Almost 6,100 copies of a comic book version of the white paper have been sent to about 2,400 primary schools across Japan.

\n

The publication, aimed at upper primary and secondary school students, presents military policies and geopolitical dynamics in an oversimplified, emotionally charged manner, labeling national defense a matter of existential urgency and military strength the ultimate safeguard for Japan. This is especially shocking given that pacifism is enshrined in the country's Constitution.

\n

Comprising colorful illustrations and mascots, the booklet appears harmless. But its message is far from benign. By citing neighboring countries — China, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and Russia — as looming threats and portraying Japan as the lone sentinel in a hostile region, it sends a dangerous message to young readers: fear your neighbors, trust the military.

\n

It is one thing to teach children the importance of national defense, quite another to ingrain in them a worldview shaped by anxiety and antagonism. Japan's new approach, cloaked in pedagogy but steeped in politics, represents a troubling shift from education to indoctrination.

\n

Equally worrying is the way the booklet frames the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Rather than exploring the complex political and historical roots of the conflict, it sends a singular message: Ukraine lacks a strong military, and is paying the price for it. The underlying message is even more alarming: peace comes not through diplomacy or cooperation, but through superior firepower.

\n

The militaristic worldview fosters binary thinking — us versus them, strong versus weak. It teaches a generation of students to see international relations, not as a way to build mutual understanding, but as a contest of force. In doing so, it feeds a nationalist narrative that legitimizes Japan's departure from its long-held principle of "exclusively defensive defense".

\n

The booklet promotes Japan's "counterstrike capabilities", a significant break from the country's postwar pacifist norms. Although Japan's Constitution renounces war, the publication normalizes aggressive policies by presenting them as a necessary response to a deteriorating security environment. Its goal is clear: to familiarize children with Japan's "need to build a strong military" and shape public opinion in favor of it.

\n

The narrative architecture of the booklet rests on a steady escalation of perceived threats. It claims Japan is part of a dangerous neighborhood, surrounded by nuclear-armed countries that do not share its values, making it easy to portray diplomacy as naive, and deterrence as the only rational option.

\n

Absent from the text is any discussion on peaceful coexistence of countries, regional cooperation, or historical context. There is no mention of Japan's own militarist past or its responsibility in shaping East Asia's security landscape, meaning it completely ignores history.

\n

This kind of message, aimed at children whose critical thinking is still developing, has long-term consequences. It risks instilling in young minds a sense of victimhood and suspicion, while discouraging them from seeing and forming their own views about the outside world. If left unchallenged, it could build a generation that welcomes militarism and views foreign countries with mistrust.

\n

The political timing is hard to ignore. This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45) and the World Anti-Fascist War, which should be an occasion for sober reflection. Instead, the Japanese government appears to be reviving the very ideology that led the country down the disastrous path in the 1930s.

\n

Japan has been revising its historical narrative in recent years, softening accounts of its wartime aggression and atrocities in textbooks, and offering vague official accounts on its wartime past. Now, with militarized materials entering elementary schools, Japan is reviving a nationalist form of education reminiscent of its prewar era.

\n

Schools should be sanctuaries for open thought, empathy and critical reasoning, not battlegrounds for ideological campaigns. When governments use education to amplify threat narratives, they undermine the very values they claim to protect. National security may be a legitimate concern, but instilling fear in young minds is a sign of a country's belligerence.

\n

Moreover, the booklet is a thinly veiled military recruitment strategy. With Japan's Self-Defense Forces struggling to meet enlistment targets, the booklet appears designed to inspire children to join the SDF when they grow up. Soldiers are portrayed as noble, military life as honorable and exciting to normalize the presence of military in everyday life.

\n

Fortunately, civil society in Japan is not silent. Several citizens' groups have petitioned the government and are calling for the booklet's withdrawal. Their resistance reminds us that democratic values still have a place in Japan's public discourse.

\n

Japan's move risks fueling regional distrust, exacerbating xenophobia in the country and destabilizing East Asia's already fragile peace. The seeds sown in classrooms today could grow into conflicts tomorrow.

\n

History shows what happens when education is used as a vehicle for militarization. Japan's prewar history offers a cautionary tale that should not be forgotten. At a time when the world is facing growing uncertainty, countries should not propagate fear-based ideas; instead they should foster understanding, dialogue and critical thinking.

\n

Japan cannot afford to repeat the mistakes of the past.

\n

The views don't necessarily represent those of China Daily.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_004_689faf61ed50ccabe1517a64.htm#004COMMENT", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "bd9027b4c8e1c67d311cca73acc4a2a8", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "005BUSINESS - Trade in services to help drive further growth", + "description": "

The sustained expansion of China's trade in services will remain a key driver of the country's broader economic growth and has emerged as a new magnet for foreign investment, said market observers and business executives.

\n

Such resilience is underpinned by expanding domestic demand and deeper integration with global markets, they said.

\n

In contrast to goods trade, trade in services refers to the sale and delivery of intangible services such as transportation, tourism, entertainment and professional services, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

\n

China's trade in services maintained steady growth in the first half, with total imports and exports reaching 3.89 trillion yuan ($542.45 billion), up 8 percent year-on-year, Ministry of Commerce data showed in early August.

\n

The continued growth of China's trade in services reflects structural shifts toward higher-value sectors, underpinned by the country's policy support, consumption and industrial upgrading, said Wang Bo, deputy director of the ministry's department of trade in services and commercial services.

\n

Zhao Jinping, vice-president of the China Association of Trade in Services, said that amid uncertainty created by protectionism and unilateralism, strengthening service trade can be essential for China to cushion against possible headwinds and support its economic growth.

\n

Poh-Yian Koh, president of FedEx China, said that China's ongoing efforts to widen opening-up will make trade in services a key driver of fresh competitive advantages in the years ahead.

\n

She added that the company completed the upgrade of its international export services in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, last month.

\n

Wei Xiang, a researcher specializing in trade in services at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing, said that with China's opening-up measures creating new opportunities in modern services, multinational corporations are increasing investment in areas such as entertainment, tourism and bonded maintenance.

\n

Bonded maintenance refers to activity in which enterprises, operating outside special Customs zones, import goods or transportation tools from overseas that have damaged components, functional failures or quality defects. These items are inspected and repaired and then reexported.

\n

Building on this momentum, policymakers at both the national and local levels have rolled out targeted measures to accelerate the growth of bonded maintenance, aiming to shorten turnaround times, lower operational costs and strengthen the sector's role as a competitive driver within China's expanding trade in services.

\n

Ma Tianshi, general manager of Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance, said, "The new policies enabled us to build a bonded maintenance center in Shenzhen last year, helping us better serve customers worldwide."

\n

Previously, magnetic resonance imaging components and much high-end medical equipment could not be repaired in China, requiring shipment to Germany, with cycles exceeding a month, Ma said.

\n

New bonded maintenance policies now cut turnaround times to five to seven days, enabling companies to meet customer needs far more efficiently, he added.

\n

The German company's bonded maintenance center completed repairs on nearly 2,000 MRI coils and filed bonded maintenance import and export declarations for nearly 6,000 MRI component items in the first half of the year, with a total trade value of about $9.3 million.

\n

In a further vote of confidence in the Chinese market, Sony Interactive Entertainment (Shanghai) showcased eight Chinese-developed games — including yet-to-be-released titles — at the 22nd China Digital Entertainment Expo and Conference, or ChinaJoy, held earlier this month in Shanghai.

\n

Tatsuo Eguchi, chairman and president of SIE Shanghai, said that driven by the rapid growth of China's gaming industry and the distinctive appeal of its content, Sony is committed to expanding research and development and talent recruitment in China to drive long-term growth.

\n

zhongnan@chinadaily.com.cn

\n



获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", + "content": "

The sustained expansion of China's trade in services will remain a key driver of the country's broader economic growth and has emerged as a new magnet for foreign investment, said market observers and business executives.

\n

Such resilience is underpinned by expanding domestic demand and deeper integration with global markets, they said.

\n

In contrast to goods trade, trade in services refers to the sale and delivery of intangible services such as transportation, tourism, entertainment and professional services, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

\n

China's trade in services maintained steady growth in the first half, with total imports and exports reaching 3.89 trillion yuan ($542.45 billion), up 8 percent year-on-year, Ministry of Commerce data showed in early August.

\n

The continued growth of China's trade in services reflects structural shifts toward higher-value sectors, underpinned by the country's policy support, consumption and industrial upgrading, said Wang Bo, deputy director of the ministry's department of trade in services and commercial services.

\n

Zhao Jinping, vice-president of the China Association of Trade in Services, said that amid uncertainty created by protectionism and unilateralism, strengthening service trade can be essential for China to cushion against possible headwinds and support its economic growth.

\n

Poh-Yian Koh, president of FedEx China, said that China's ongoing efforts to widen opening-up will make trade in services a key driver of fresh competitive advantages in the years ahead.

\n

She added that the company completed the upgrade of its international export services in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, last month.

\n

Wei Xiang, a researcher specializing in trade in services at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing, said that with China's opening-up measures creating new opportunities in modern services, multinational corporations are increasing investment in areas such as entertainment, tourism and bonded maintenance.

\n

Bonded maintenance refers to activity in which enterprises, operating outside special Customs zones, import goods or transportation tools from overseas that have damaged components, functional failures or quality defects. These items are inspected and repaired and then reexported.

\n

Building on this momentum, policymakers at both the national and local levels have rolled out targeted measures to accelerate the growth of bonded maintenance, aiming to shorten turnaround times, lower operational costs and strengthen the sector's role as a competitive driver within China's expanding trade in services.

\n

Ma Tianshi, general manager of Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance, said, "The new policies enabled us to build a bonded maintenance center in Shenzhen last year, helping us better serve customers worldwide."

\n

Previously, magnetic resonance imaging components and much high-end medical equipment could not be repaired in China, requiring shipment to Germany, with cycles exceeding a month, Ma said.

\n

New bonded maintenance policies now cut turnaround times to five to seven days, enabling companies to meet customer needs far more efficiently, he added.

\n

The German company's bonded maintenance center completed repairs on nearly 2,000 MRI coils and filed bonded maintenance import and export declarations for nearly 6,000 MRI component items in the first half of the year, with a total trade value of about $9.3 million.

\n

In a further vote of confidence in the Chinese market, Sony Interactive Entertainment (Shanghai) showcased eight Chinese-developed games — including yet-to-be-released titles — at the 22nd China Digital Entertainment Expo and Conference, or ChinaJoy, held earlier this month in Shanghai.

\n

Tatsuo Eguchi, chairman and president of SIE Shanghai, said that driven by the rapid growth of China's gaming industry and the distinctive appeal of its content, Sony is committed to expanding research and development and talent recruitment in China to drive long-term growth.

\n

zhongnan@chinadaily.com.cn

\n



获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_005_689faf65ed50ccabe1517a65.htm#005BUSINESS", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "8ae7a57d0b71396dc35868ac145f99f5", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "005BUSINESS - Briefly", + "description": "

Fire-safety net in scorching heat

\n

Chinese railway operators are assessing fire risks amid the record-high temperatures hitting many parts of the country. In Shanxi province, the Houma signaling and telecommunications section of China Railway Taiyuan Group has launched an "inspection-while-drilling" campaign to shore up fire prevention, targeting hazards at the source. Employees started a full-coverage check on offices, dormitories, warehouses and equipment rooms, as well as full reviews of extinguishers, alarms, emergency exits and evacuation routes, for any hidden hazards. They also conducted drills on "self-rescue, escape and protection", doing their utmost to safeguard the normal running of trains.

\n

Moutai reports 8.89% growth in net profit

\n

Kweichow Moutai, China's leading liquor maker, recorded a net profit of 45.4 billion yuan ($6.33 billion) in the first half, up 8.89 percent year-on-year. In the first six months, the company's revenue climbed 9.1 percent to 89.39 billion yuan, according to its interim report.

\n

", + "content": "

Fire-safety net in scorching heat

\n

Chinese railway operators are assessing fire risks amid the record-high temperatures hitting many parts of the country. In Shanxi province, the Houma signaling and telecommunications section of China Railway Taiyuan Group has launched an "inspection-while-drilling" campaign to shore up fire prevention, targeting hazards at the source. Employees started a full-coverage check on offices, dormitories, warehouses and equipment rooms, as well as full reviews of extinguishers, alarms, emergency exits and evacuation routes, for any hidden hazards. They also conducted drills on "self-rescue, escape and protection", doing their utmost to safeguard the normal running of trains.

\n

Moutai reports 8.89% growth in net profit

\n

Kweichow Moutai, China's leading liquor maker, recorded a net profit of 45.4 billion yuan ($6.33 billion) in the first half, up 8.89 percent year-on-year. In the first six months, the company's revenue climbed 9.1 percent to 89.39 billion yuan, according to its interim report.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_005_689faf69ed50ccabe1517a66.htm#005BUSINESS", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "10efee788b42998cc9d63280418ac8c0", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "005BUSINESS - Heat waves a boon for 'cooling economy'", + "description": "

Shoppers browse air conditioners at a shop in Chongqing.

\n

GUANGZHOU — As scorching heat waves grip the globe this summer, air conditioners are fast becoming essential household appliances, fueling a boom in sales both domestically and abroad.

\n

A local resident of Panjin in Northeast China's Liaoning province, surnamed Dong, described the summer as a relentless "sweat bath", despite it already being August. "This summer is just too hot. Even electric fans can't provide enough relief," Dong said, noting that he held out all summer but finally gave in and ordered air conditioners a few days ago.

\n

This sentiment is shared across coastal cities in Northeast China and Shandong province in East China, where temperatures have climbed above 35 C, turning air conditioners from an optional comfort for northerners into an almost essential refuge from the heat.

\n

Data from Chinese e-commerce giant JD reveal a telling trend. Starting from June, overall transactions for air conditioners on the platform increased by over 60 percent year-on-year, with the number of customers placing orders surging by nearly 90 percent. In the first half of July, purchases of air conditioners in Northeast China's Jilin, Liaoning and Heilongjiang — provinces renowned for ice and snow tourism — soared by 25 times, 10 times and eight times, respectively.

\n

Notably, the number of first-time buyers in these northeastern provinces has jumped by over 800 percent year-on-year. Similar spikes are evident across North, Central, Northwest and Southwest China.

\n

At the Ouya Shopping Center in Changchun, capital of Northeast China's Jilin province, customers flocked to the home appliance section to learn about the various air conditioner models and inquire about prices.

\n

To meet the high demand, Hisense's production bases in Shandong, Zhejiang and Guangdong are operating at full capacity. Some popular air conditioner models have even sold out in physical stores in North and Northeast China.

\n

As regions that once relied on fans switch to air conditioners, the industry is responding with innovative solutions and strategic supply chains to keep up with the escalating demand.

\n

To ensure timely installations, companies have launched a "South-to-North workforce transfer," dispatching after-sales service teams to the northern regions for emergency support.

\n

The "cooling economy" is also powering air conditioner exports at a pace that has exceeded expectations. In July, temperatures soared above 40 C across much of Europe, upending the long-held belief that summers could be endured without air conditioning.

\n

Data from the General Administration of Customs show that in the first seven months of this year, China's air conditioner exports amounted to 46.81 billion yuan ($6.52 billion), up 4.9 percent year-on-year, with exports to Europe surging 28.9 percent to 12.92 billion yuan.

\n

This year, Hisense air conditioners have seen strong demand in many key overseas markets, such as Southeast Asia, the Middle East and Latin America. "With our continuous optimization in local marketing, product adaptation and channel layout, Hisense's air conditioner export growth rate reached 17 percent in the first half of 2025," said Yang Xiangxi, brand director of the air conditioning division at Hisense.

\n

In the first half of this year, Midea's air conditioner sales in Europe increased by 35 percent year-on-year. Zhu Zhou, director of the company's European air conditioner division, explained that Midea's Solstice model, featuring AI-powered Ecomaster technology, cuts unnecessary energy use by over 30 percent, and has seen strong sales in Greece, Cyprus, Spain and Italy.

\n

To tackle high installation costs in Europe, Midea developed the innovative PortaSplit air conditioner, designed for easy self-installation. This summer, Google searches for "Midea/PortaSplit" in Germany surged 20-fold year-on-year, with cumulative sales exceeding 80,000 units.

\n

China accounts for nearly 80 percent of the world's air conditioning production capacity, supplying energy-saving, efficient and low-carbon products globally. With climate extremes worsening and demand rising in developing countries, China's air conditioning export potential looks strong for the future, said Zhou Nan, secretary-general of the home appliances branch at the China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products.

\n

", + "content": "

Shoppers browse air conditioners at a shop in Chongqing.

\n

GUANGZHOU — As scorching heat waves grip the globe this summer, air conditioners are fast becoming essential household appliances, fueling a boom in sales both domestically and abroad.

\n

A local resident of Panjin in Northeast China's Liaoning province, surnamed Dong, described the summer as a relentless "sweat bath", despite it already being August. "This summer is just too hot. Even electric fans can't provide enough relief," Dong said, noting that he held out all summer but finally gave in and ordered air conditioners a few days ago.

\n

This sentiment is shared across coastal cities in Northeast China and Shandong province in East China, where temperatures have climbed above 35 C, turning air conditioners from an optional comfort for northerners into an almost essential refuge from the heat.

\n

Data from Chinese e-commerce giant JD reveal a telling trend. Starting from June, overall transactions for air conditioners on the platform increased by over 60 percent year-on-year, with the number of customers placing orders surging by nearly 90 percent. In the first half of July, purchases of air conditioners in Northeast China's Jilin, Liaoning and Heilongjiang — provinces renowned for ice and snow tourism — soared by 25 times, 10 times and eight times, respectively.

\n

Notably, the number of first-time buyers in these northeastern provinces has jumped by over 800 percent year-on-year. Similar spikes are evident across North, Central, Northwest and Southwest China.

\n

At the Ouya Shopping Center in Changchun, capital of Northeast China's Jilin province, customers flocked to the home appliance section to learn about the various air conditioner models and inquire about prices.

\n

To meet the high demand, Hisense's production bases in Shandong, Zhejiang and Guangdong are operating at full capacity. Some popular air conditioner models have even sold out in physical stores in North and Northeast China.

\n

As regions that once relied on fans switch to air conditioners, the industry is responding with innovative solutions and strategic supply chains to keep up with the escalating demand.

\n

To ensure timely installations, companies have launched a "South-to-North workforce transfer," dispatching after-sales service teams to the northern regions for emergency support.

\n

The "cooling economy" is also powering air conditioner exports at a pace that has exceeded expectations. In July, temperatures soared above 40 C across much of Europe, upending the long-held belief that summers could be endured without air conditioning.

\n

Data from the General Administration of Customs show that in the first seven months of this year, China's air conditioner exports amounted to 46.81 billion yuan ($6.52 billion), up 4.9 percent year-on-year, with exports to Europe surging 28.9 percent to 12.92 billion yuan.

\n

This year, Hisense air conditioners have seen strong demand in many key overseas markets, such as Southeast Asia, the Middle East and Latin America. "With our continuous optimization in local marketing, product adaptation and channel layout, Hisense's air conditioner export growth rate reached 17 percent in the first half of 2025," said Yang Xiangxi, brand director of the air conditioning division at Hisense.

\n

In the first half of this year, Midea's air conditioner sales in Europe increased by 35 percent year-on-year. Zhu Zhou, director of the company's European air conditioner division, explained that Midea's Solstice model, featuring AI-powered Ecomaster technology, cuts unnecessary energy use by over 30 percent, and has seen strong sales in Greece, Cyprus, Spain and Italy.

\n

To tackle high installation costs in Europe, Midea developed the innovative PortaSplit air conditioner, designed for easy self-installation. This summer, Google searches for "Midea/PortaSplit" in Germany surged 20-fold year-on-year, with cumulative sales exceeding 80,000 units.

\n

China accounts for nearly 80 percent of the world's air conditioning production capacity, supplying energy-saving, efficient and low-carbon products globally. With climate extremes worsening and demand rising in developing countries, China's air conditioning export potential looks strong for the future, said Zhou Nan, secretary-general of the home appliances branch at the China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_005_689faf6eed50ccabe1517a67.htm#005BUSINESS", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "6486e7c0d9a6507358fc7c60f4cc0d38", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "005BUSINESS - Resilient power", + "description": "

An employee of State Grid Changji works to install 85 lowering brackets for lightning-arrester discharge counters on 220 kilovolt and 110 kV equipment, near the 220 kV Shiqiantan substation in Qitai county, Changji Hui autonomous prefecture of the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. As the region faces a prolonged heat wave, the resilience of substations is expected to strengthen once the installation work is completed.

\n

", + "content": "

An employee of State Grid Changji works to install 85 lowering brackets for lightning-arrester discharge counters on 220 kilovolt and 110 kV equipment, near the 220 kV Shiqiantan substation in Qitai county, Changji Hui autonomous prefecture of the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. As the region faces a prolonged heat wave, the resilience of substations is expected to strengthen once the installation work is completed.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_005_689faf72ed50ccabe1517a68.htm#005BUSINESS", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "95be74e57eb2ce2fc3b067fcf84317e6", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "005BUSINESS - EBL system marks leap in quantum technology", + "description": "

China's first commercial electron beam lithography system (EBL), "Xi Zhi", developed by Zhejiang University, has entered application testing, matching international precision standards and marking significant progress in domestic quantum chip research and development.

\n

At the university's Yuhang institute for quantum innovation, the research team is rigorously testing the large, cabinet-like machine.

\n

"This isn't an ordinary machine, but a 'nano-brush' capable of carving the map of an entire city on a single strand of hair!" the team leader said. Developed at a key provincial lab, the 100kV "Xi Zhi" system is now commercially available.

\n

The system is named after Wang Xizhi, a famous Chinese calligrapher. "The difference is that it uses an electron beam instead of a brush, carving circuits on chips," a senior researcher said. Targeting quantum chips and advanced semiconductors, "Xi Zhi" directly "writes" circuits onto silicon wafers with 0.6 nanometer precision and 8 nanometer line width. It enables flexible design modifications without traditional photomasks. "In the early research and development phase, numerous design iterations requiring line-by-line adjustments are common. EBL offers high precision and convenience in 'writing,' greatly boosting efficiency in chip development," the researcher added.

\n

The development of "Xi Zhi" breaks a critical barrier.

\n

Previously, such cutting-edge technology was restricted by international export controls, leaving top institutions like the University of Science and Technology of China and Zhejiang University's own labs unable to procure it.

\n

"Xi Zhi" is now in procurement discussions with entities like Huawei HiSilicon and multiple research institutes, priced below the international average.

\n

The success of "Xi Zhi" stems from the "dual-new integration" model put forth by Zhejiang province, which merges technological and industrial innovation.

\n

The application testing of "Xi Zhi" represents a major breakthrough in the localization of core high-end semiconductor equipment. This "graver", independently controlled by China, provides a solid foundation for accelerating the development of domestic high-end chips.

\n

Yuhang district of Hangzhou is prioritizing integrated reforms in education, science, and talent, with AI as a key driver, to build a demonstration zone for innovation. Future efforts will focus on creating more landmark achievements through high-level platforms, talent, enterprises, projects, and tech finance.

\n

chenye@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "content": "

China's first commercial electron beam lithography system (EBL), "Xi Zhi", developed by Zhejiang University, has entered application testing, matching international precision standards and marking significant progress in domestic quantum chip research and development.

\n

At the university's Yuhang institute for quantum innovation, the research team is rigorously testing the large, cabinet-like machine.

\n

"This isn't an ordinary machine, but a 'nano-brush' capable of carving the map of an entire city on a single strand of hair!" the team leader said. Developed at a key provincial lab, the 100kV "Xi Zhi" system is now commercially available.

\n

The system is named after Wang Xizhi, a famous Chinese calligrapher. "The difference is that it uses an electron beam instead of a brush, carving circuits on chips," a senior researcher said. Targeting quantum chips and advanced semiconductors, "Xi Zhi" directly "writes" circuits onto silicon wafers with 0.6 nanometer precision and 8 nanometer line width. It enables flexible design modifications without traditional photomasks. "In the early research and development phase, numerous design iterations requiring line-by-line adjustments are common. EBL offers high precision and convenience in 'writing,' greatly boosting efficiency in chip development," the researcher added.

\n

The development of "Xi Zhi" breaks a critical barrier.

\n

Previously, such cutting-edge technology was restricted by international export controls, leaving top institutions like the University of Science and Technology of China and Zhejiang University's own labs unable to procure it.

\n

"Xi Zhi" is now in procurement discussions with entities like Huawei HiSilicon and multiple research institutes, priced below the international average.

\n

The success of "Xi Zhi" stems from the "dual-new integration" model put forth by Zhejiang province, which merges technological and industrial innovation.

\n

The application testing of "Xi Zhi" represents a major breakthrough in the localization of core high-end semiconductor equipment. This "graver", independently controlled by China, provides a solid foundation for accelerating the development of domestic high-end chips.

\n

Yuhang district of Hangzhou is prioritizing integrated reforms in education, science, and talent, with AI as a key driver, to build a demonstration zone for innovation. Future efforts will focus on creating more landmark achievements through high-level platforms, talent, enterprises, projects, and tech finance.

\n

chenye@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_005_689faf76ed50ccabe1517a69.htm#005BUSINESS", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "c270701c16539dc3f6707f25f572110b", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "005BUSINESS - Nation's AI-backed drug market hits global stride", + "description": "

China's artificial intelligence-driven drug discovery is accelerating its role as a prominent player in global biotech. Experts and industry insiders said the sector is drawing unprecedented international attention, even though no AI-discovered drug has yet reached the market.

\n

According to SDIC Securities, the global AI-driven drug market has more than doubled since 2021, hitting $1.76 billion in 2024, with a compound annual growth rate of more than 30 percent.

\n

In China, the pace is even faster from 70 million yuan ($9.74 million) in 2019 to 410 million yuan in 2023, with a CAGR of 57.4 percent. Lead-Leo Research Institute projects nearly 70 percent annual growth from 2024 to 2028, when the market could top 5.86 billion yuan.

\n

China's AI drug sector has also been striking deals with Big Pharma. This year alone, Syneron Bio inked a $3.4 billion agreement with AstraZeneca, while Helixon signed a $1.72 billion partnership with Sanofi, among others.

\n

"These collaborations show Chinese AI drug-discovery capabilities are gaining global recognition," said Fang Yang, executive director for healthcare and biotech at CEC Capital. "The industry is entering a new phase of going global and proving it can deliver results."

\n

The most recent deal capturing attention is China's XtalPi Holdings Ltd's $6 billion partnership with US biotech firm DoveTree. It ranks among the largest license-out deals in China's biopharma history.

\n

Under the deal, announced on Aug 5, XtalPi will deploy its AI platforms to run preclinical research on a mix of large — and small-molecule programs, including several targets picked by DoveTree. The US partner will hold exclusive worldwide rights to develop and commercialize the resulting drug candidates.

\n

XtalPi has already pocketed $51 million upfront, far exceeding its total 2024 revenue of 266 million yuan and is in line for another $49 million in near-term payments and as much as $5.89 billion in milestones and royalties.

\n

"AI can optimize molecular structures and streamline the earliest stages of drug research and development," said Chu Lei, a researcher at the Healthcare Executive Institute. "XtalPi's role is to deliver ready-to-test clinical candidates straight to DoveTree's labs."

\n

Still, the potential of AI in biotech is promising. Traditional drug development can take more than a decade and cost more than $1 billion. AI, particularly deep-learning models, can speed up target screening, molecular design, and even trial planning. Consultancy McKinsey experts estimated that AI could shrink the time from lab to patient to a tenth of current timelines.

\n

Ren Feng, co-CEO of Insilico Medicine, described the global AI-driven biotech sector as moving into its 2.0 phase. The first wave dating back three decades relied on physics-based computer-aided design. The arrival of generative AI around 2013 marked a turning point, allowing algorithms to create novel molecules from scratch by drawing on vast troves of historical data.

\n

The next stage, Ren said, will see AI embedded in every step of drug R&D, from target discovery to clinical management — ushering in what he calls the "3.0 era" of fully integrated, intelligent drug development.

\n

Policy tailwinds are reinforcing the trend. In November 2024, the National Health Commission and two other ministries issued a blueprint for AI in healthcare, naming intelligent drug discovery and development and AI-assisted clinical trials as priority areas.

\n

Local governments are following suit. On Aug 12, Zhejiang province laid out a plan to build a national AI medical application base by 2027, aimed at fostering homegrown innovators, attracting composite talent, and building a complete AI healthcare industry chain.

\n

Despite the surge in dealmaking and investment, industry experts stress most AI-driven agreements today, including XtalPi's, focus on preclinical work. "No AI-discovered drug has yet been approved anywhere in the world, meaning the commercial loop remains incomplete," Chu noted.

\n

lijing2009@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "content": "

China's artificial intelligence-driven drug discovery is accelerating its role as a prominent player in global biotech. Experts and industry insiders said the sector is drawing unprecedented international attention, even though no AI-discovered drug has yet reached the market.

\n

According to SDIC Securities, the global AI-driven drug market has more than doubled since 2021, hitting $1.76 billion in 2024, with a compound annual growth rate of more than 30 percent.

\n

In China, the pace is even faster from 70 million yuan ($9.74 million) in 2019 to 410 million yuan in 2023, with a CAGR of 57.4 percent. Lead-Leo Research Institute projects nearly 70 percent annual growth from 2024 to 2028, when the market could top 5.86 billion yuan.

\n

China's AI drug sector has also been striking deals with Big Pharma. This year alone, Syneron Bio inked a $3.4 billion agreement with AstraZeneca, while Helixon signed a $1.72 billion partnership with Sanofi, among others.

\n

"These collaborations show Chinese AI drug-discovery capabilities are gaining global recognition," said Fang Yang, executive director for healthcare and biotech at CEC Capital. "The industry is entering a new phase of going global and proving it can deliver results."

\n

The most recent deal capturing attention is China's XtalPi Holdings Ltd's $6 billion partnership with US biotech firm DoveTree. It ranks among the largest license-out deals in China's biopharma history.

\n

Under the deal, announced on Aug 5, XtalPi will deploy its AI platforms to run preclinical research on a mix of large — and small-molecule programs, including several targets picked by DoveTree. The US partner will hold exclusive worldwide rights to develop and commercialize the resulting drug candidates.

\n

XtalPi has already pocketed $51 million upfront, far exceeding its total 2024 revenue of 266 million yuan and is in line for another $49 million in near-term payments and as much as $5.89 billion in milestones and royalties.

\n

"AI can optimize molecular structures and streamline the earliest stages of drug research and development," said Chu Lei, a researcher at the Healthcare Executive Institute. "XtalPi's role is to deliver ready-to-test clinical candidates straight to DoveTree's labs."

\n

Still, the potential of AI in biotech is promising. Traditional drug development can take more than a decade and cost more than $1 billion. AI, particularly deep-learning models, can speed up target screening, molecular design, and even trial planning. Consultancy McKinsey experts estimated that AI could shrink the time from lab to patient to a tenth of current timelines.

\n

Ren Feng, co-CEO of Insilico Medicine, described the global AI-driven biotech sector as moving into its 2.0 phase. The first wave dating back three decades relied on physics-based computer-aided design. The arrival of generative AI around 2013 marked a turning point, allowing algorithms to create novel molecules from scratch by drawing on vast troves of historical data.

\n

The next stage, Ren said, will see AI embedded in every step of drug R&D, from target discovery to clinical management — ushering in what he calls the "3.0 era" of fully integrated, intelligent drug development.

\n

Policy tailwinds are reinforcing the trend. In November 2024, the National Health Commission and two other ministries issued a blueprint for AI in healthcare, naming intelligent drug discovery and development and AI-assisted clinical trials as priority areas.

\n

Local governments are following suit. On Aug 12, Zhejiang province laid out a plan to build a national AI medical application base by 2027, aimed at fostering homegrown innovators, attracting composite talent, and building a complete AI healthcare industry chain.

\n

Despite the surge in dealmaking and investment, industry experts stress most AI-driven agreements today, including XtalPi's, focus on preclinical work. "No AI-discovered drug has yet been approved anywhere in the world, meaning the commercial loop remains incomplete," Chu noted.

\n

lijing2009@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_005_689faf7aed50ccabe1517a6a.htm#005BUSINESS", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "7ab52abdb764b832be36baefb51b80a8", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "006WORLD - Lancang-Mekong nations pledge unity", + "description": "

Foreign ministers from China, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam pledged on Friday to strengthen solidarity, openness and cooperation across various fields in the face of a complex and severe international landscape.

\n

At the 10th Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Foreign Ministers' Meeting in Anning, Southwest China's Yunnan province, they also vowed to uphold multilateralism, safeguard free trade, step up the fight against cross-border crime, jointly tackle challenges, and work together to maintain peace, stability and prosperity in the region.

\n

The two-day meeting, which concluded on Friday, adopted three outcome documents outlining progress on the LMC's action plan, identifying new projects to be funded in the coming year, and setting out ways to strengthen cooperation on non-traditional security issues.

\n

Initiated and launched in 2015, the LMC is an innovative type of regional cooperation mechanism among the Lancang-Mekong countries. The Lancang-Mekong region refers to the countries along the Mekong River, known as the Lancang River in China.

\n

All sides agreed at the meeting that the LMC has assisted the socioeconomic development in all six countries, promoted regional economic integration, improved the well-being of people in the river basin, and contributed to regional peace, stability and sustainable development.

\n

Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi said that since the first foreign ministers' meeting held in Yunnan, the LMC has transformed from a seed into "a towering tree" over the past decade, with cooperation focusing on the five priority areas of connectivity, production capacity cooperation, cross-border economy, water resources, and agriculture and poverty reduction.

\n

Trade between China and the five Mekong countries reached $437 billion in 2024, up 125 percent from a decade ago.

\n

Noting that the world is facing greater instability with hegemonism, power politics, unilateralism and protectionism on the rise, Wang stressed that peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit remain the common aspirations of the people and the prevailing trend of the times.

\n

China, he said, will continue to follow the principles of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit and inclusiveness, ensuring that Chinese modernization brings more benefits to Mekong countries.

\n

Looking ahead, he proposed strengthening top-level planning, promoting innovative development, deepening law enforcement cooperation and enhancing people-to-people exchanges to build version 2.0 of the LMC and usher in a new golden decade.

\n

To hold on to the "steering wheel" of the LMC's institutional framework, Wang called for efforts to strengthen high-level strategic communication, make preparations for the leaders' meeting and promote the establishment of an international secretariat for the LMC.

\n

On the sidelines of the LMC meeting, as proposed by Thailand, the co-chair of the LMC, an informal discussion among the foreign ministers of China, Laos, Myanmar and Thailand was held on Friday.

\n

Wang said that China, Laos and Thailand, as friendly neighbors of Myanmar, have a better understanding of its unique national conditions and hope even more for Myanmar to return to stability and achieve national reconciliation.

\n

He stressed the importance of supporting a Myanmar-owned and Myanmar-led peace process, promoting dialogue to resolve differences, prioritizing people's livelihoods and being vigilant against external interference that could disrupt regional stability.

\n

The Myanmar side briefed the meeting on the country's domestic situation and preparations for the upcoming elections, noting that tensions have eased since the last such four-party meeting held in August last year.

\n

During the meeting, the four ministers also exchanged views on joint efforts to combat cross-border crime.

\n

Wang said that since the previous meeting, the four countries have achieved notable results in tackling cross-border crime by strengthening border control and management, but continued collaboration is still needed given the region's security situation.

\n

The four sides agreed to continue strengthening law enforcement and security cooperation, intensifying efforts to combat online gambling, telecom fraud, drug and arms trafficking, human trafficking, and other cross-border crimes, in order to jointly safeguard regional peace and stability.

\n

mojingxi@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "content": "

Foreign ministers from China, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam pledged on Friday to strengthen solidarity, openness and cooperation across various fields in the face of a complex and severe international landscape.

\n

At the 10th Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Foreign Ministers' Meeting in Anning, Southwest China's Yunnan province, they also vowed to uphold multilateralism, safeguard free trade, step up the fight against cross-border crime, jointly tackle challenges, and work together to maintain peace, stability and prosperity in the region.

\n

The two-day meeting, which concluded on Friday, adopted three outcome documents outlining progress on the LMC's action plan, identifying new projects to be funded in the coming year, and setting out ways to strengthen cooperation on non-traditional security issues.

\n

Initiated and launched in 2015, the LMC is an innovative type of regional cooperation mechanism among the Lancang-Mekong countries. The Lancang-Mekong region refers to the countries along the Mekong River, known as the Lancang River in China.

\n

All sides agreed at the meeting that the LMC has assisted the socioeconomic development in all six countries, promoted regional economic integration, improved the well-being of people in the river basin, and contributed to regional peace, stability and sustainable development.

\n

Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi said that since the first foreign ministers' meeting held in Yunnan, the LMC has transformed from a seed into "a towering tree" over the past decade, with cooperation focusing on the five priority areas of connectivity, production capacity cooperation, cross-border economy, water resources, and agriculture and poverty reduction.

\n

Trade between China and the five Mekong countries reached $437 billion in 2024, up 125 percent from a decade ago.

\n

Noting that the world is facing greater instability with hegemonism, power politics, unilateralism and protectionism on the rise, Wang stressed that peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit remain the common aspirations of the people and the prevailing trend of the times.

\n

China, he said, will continue to follow the principles of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit and inclusiveness, ensuring that Chinese modernization brings more benefits to Mekong countries.

\n

Looking ahead, he proposed strengthening top-level planning, promoting innovative development, deepening law enforcement cooperation and enhancing people-to-people exchanges to build version 2.0 of the LMC and usher in a new golden decade.

\n

To hold on to the "steering wheel" of the LMC's institutional framework, Wang called for efforts to strengthen high-level strategic communication, make preparations for the leaders' meeting and promote the establishment of an international secretariat for the LMC.

\n

On the sidelines of the LMC meeting, as proposed by Thailand, the co-chair of the LMC, an informal discussion among the foreign ministers of China, Laos, Myanmar and Thailand was held on Friday.

\n

Wang said that China, Laos and Thailand, as friendly neighbors of Myanmar, have a better understanding of its unique national conditions and hope even more for Myanmar to return to stability and achieve national reconciliation.

\n

He stressed the importance of supporting a Myanmar-owned and Myanmar-led peace process, promoting dialogue to resolve differences, prioritizing people's livelihoods and being vigilant against external interference that could disrupt regional stability.

\n

The Myanmar side briefed the meeting on the country's domestic situation and preparations for the upcoming elections, noting that tensions have eased since the last such four-party meeting held in August last year.

\n

During the meeting, the four ministers also exchanged views on joint efforts to combat cross-border crime.

\n

Wang said that since the previous meeting, the four countries have achieved notable results in tackling cross-border crime by strengthening border control and management, but continued collaboration is still needed given the region's security situation.

\n

The four sides agreed to continue strengthening law enforcement and security cooperation, intensifying efforts to combat online gambling, telecom fraud, drug and arms trafficking, human trafficking, and other cross-border crimes, in order to jointly safeguard regional peace and stability.

\n

mojingxi@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_006_689faf7fed50ccabe1517a6b.htm#006WORLD", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "69223ebacd6ddc6b0cb6ddcb941558fd", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "006WORLD - Playful literacy", + "description": "

Children read books at Taman Warna Warni Jembatan 5, an educational and relaxing park in Jakarta, Indonesia, on Thursday. The 70-meter-long park is created as a place for children in the previously slum area to play and read books for free.

\n

", + "content": "

Children read books at Taman Warna Warni Jembatan 5, an educational and relaxing park in Jakarta, Indonesia, on Thursday. The 70-meter-long park is created as a place for children in the previously slum area to play and read books for free.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_006_689faf83ed50ccabe1517a6c.htm#006WORLD", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "ef208da90d173d7f311469cbc6bf4776", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "006WORLD - US families drowning in debt as prices go up", + "description": "
\n

People in the United States were drowning in $18.3 trillion of household debt in the second quarter of the year, a new report from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York shows, just as producer prices edged higher last month, which could mean that businesses will soon start raising consumer prices, warn experts.

\n

The findings in the latest quarterly report by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York's Center for Microeconomic Data, released in August, come amid multiple warnings that families will likely face extra costs due to the US administration's tariffs on imports.

\n

Arnold P., 55, an economist and financial adviser from Brooklyn, New York, withheld his surname to protect the anonymity of his clients. He revealed that many people he sees are desperate to find ways to lower their outgoings in preparation for higher costs, but are finding it difficult due to debt.

\n

"I see a lot of people whose finances are barely above water, mostly due to debt," he told China Daily. "(They have) college loans, a mortgage, some have six-figure credit card debt.

\n

"I warn them that when your debt service is 40 percent or more and you have inflation, your necessities are costing you much more and if you have very little savings, then this is a recipe for disaster. I believe this is the case for many working families and individuals who are already complaining about the cost of living."

\n

Household debt increased by $185 billion (1 percent) in Q2 2025, to $18.39 trillion, the New York Fed found.

\n

"This quarter's flow of household debt into serious delinquency was mixed across debt types, with credit card and auto loans holding steady, student loans continuing to rise, and mortgages edging up slightly," Joelle Scally, an economic policy adviser at the New York Fed, said in a statement.

\n

The rise in personal debt comes alongside the release of a separate report on Thursday by the Labor Department, which showed that US wholesale inflation surged unexpectedly last month, in a sign that Trump's tariffs were not only pushing up costs for businesses, but higher prices could soon be a reality for consumers.

\n

Christopher Rupkey, chief economist at fwdbonds, a financial markets research firm, wrote in a note that "it will only be a matter of time before producers pass their higher tariff-related costs onto the backs of inflation-weary consumers".

\n

The producer price index measures inflation before it hits consumers, or the final demand goods and services prices. It rose 0.9 percent last month from June, compared with the Dow Jones estimate of a 0.2 percent gain. It was its biggest jump in three years. And compared with 2024, wholesale prices rose 3.3 percent.

\n

Carl Weinberg, chief economist at High Frequency Economics, told Reuters: "This is a kick in the teeth for anyone who thought that tariffs would not impact domestic prices in the United States economy. This report is a strong validation of the Fed's wait-and-see stance on policy changes."

\n

Financial markets anticipate that the Fed may cut rates in September.

\n

Joao F. Gomes, the Howard Butcher III professor of finance and senior vice-dean of research, centers, and academic initiatives at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, is an expert on the role of financial markets in the macroeconomy.

\n

He told China Daily that the US economy is slowing down, "and this might be driven by some nervousness about hiring and investing by businesses in response to the new administration's changing policies".

\n

Overall, the impact of tariffs may mean an average family could pay $2,400 a year, according to the Yale Budget Lab.

\n

Yet 59 percent of US citizens don't have enough savings to cover an unexpected $1,000 emergency expense, a Bankrate emergency savings report conducted with SSRS and YouGov in January found.

\n

About 46 percent of adults surveyed by Bankrate, a consumer financial services firm based in New York, had enough emergency savings to cover three months of expenses. But 24 percent had no emergency savings at all.

\n

Data from the New York Fed showed that credit card balances rose by $27 billion from the previous quarter to $1.21 trillion. Meanwhile, auto loan balances also increased by $13 billion to $1.66 trillion. Student loan balances went up $7 billion to $1.64 trillion.

\n

In total, non-housing balances rose by $45 billion, a 0.9 percent increase from Q1 2025. Lastly, mortgage balances rose by $131 billion in the second quarter and were $12.9 trillion by June 2025, the Fed said.

\n

Arnold, the financial adviser, says that households will undoubtedly be affected by higher prices on goods as the US relies on imports "of products from Canada, Mexico and China".

\n

He suggests that any household that is battling debt should focus on ensuring the basics are covered.

\n

"I mean, obviously, rent is high," he added. "It absolutely constricts the budget. … That's always your first priority, paying the rent, paying the mortgage, and then everything else, including food, is secondary."

\n

belindarobinson@chinadailyusa.com

\n

", + "content": "
\n

People in the United States were drowning in $18.3 trillion of household debt in the second quarter of the year, a new report from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York shows, just as producer prices edged higher last month, which could mean that businesses will soon start raising consumer prices, warn experts.

\n

The findings in the latest quarterly report by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York's Center for Microeconomic Data, released in August, come amid multiple warnings that families will likely face extra costs due to the US administration's tariffs on imports.

\n

Arnold P., 55, an economist and financial adviser from Brooklyn, New York, withheld his surname to protect the anonymity of his clients. He revealed that many people he sees are desperate to find ways to lower their outgoings in preparation for higher costs, but are finding it difficult due to debt.

\n

"I see a lot of people whose finances are barely above water, mostly due to debt," he told China Daily. "(They have) college loans, a mortgage, some have six-figure credit card debt.

\n

"I warn them that when your debt service is 40 percent or more and you have inflation, your necessities are costing you much more and if you have very little savings, then this is a recipe for disaster. I believe this is the case for many working families and individuals who are already complaining about the cost of living."

\n

Household debt increased by $185 billion (1 percent) in Q2 2025, to $18.39 trillion, the New York Fed found.

\n

"This quarter's flow of household debt into serious delinquency was mixed across debt types, with credit card and auto loans holding steady, student loans continuing to rise, and mortgages edging up slightly," Joelle Scally, an economic policy adviser at the New York Fed, said in a statement.

\n

The rise in personal debt comes alongside the release of a separate report on Thursday by the Labor Department, which showed that US wholesale inflation surged unexpectedly last month, in a sign that Trump's tariffs were not only pushing up costs for businesses, but higher prices could soon be a reality for consumers.

\n

Christopher Rupkey, chief economist at fwdbonds, a financial markets research firm, wrote in a note that "it will only be a matter of time before producers pass their higher tariff-related costs onto the backs of inflation-weary consumers".

\n

The producer price index measures inflation before it hits consumers, or the final demand goods and services prices. It rose 0.9 percent last month from June, compared with the Dow Jones estimate of a 0.2 percent gain. It was its biggest jump in three years. And compared with 2024, wholesale prices rose 3.3 percent.

\n

Carl Weinberg, chief economist at High Frequency Economics, told Reuters: "This is a kick in the teeth for anyone who thought that tariffs would not impact domestic prices in the United States economy. This report is a strong validation of the Fed's wait-and-see stance on policy changes."

\n

Financial markets anticipate that the Fed may cut rates in September.

\n

Joao F. Gomes, the Howard Butcher III professor of finance and senior vice-dean of research, centers, and academic initiatives at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, is an expert on the role of financial markets in the macroeconomy.

\n

He told China Daily that the US economy is slowing down, "and this might be driven by some nervousness about hiring and investing by businesses in response to the new administration's changing policies".

\n

Overall, the impact of tariffs may mean an average family could pay $2,400 a year, according to the Yale Budget Lab.

\n

Yet 59 percent of US citizens don't have enough savings to cover an unexpected $1,000 emergency expense, a Bankrate emergency savings report conducted with SSRS and YouGov in January found.

\n

About 46 percent of adults surveyed by Bankrate, a consumer financial services firm based in New York, had enough emergency savings to cover three months of expenses. But 24 percent had no emergency savings at all.

\n

Data from the New York Fed showed that credit card balances rose by $27 billion from the previous quarter to $1.21 trillion. Meanwhile, auto loan balances also increased by $13 billion to $1.66 trillion. Student loan balances went up $7 billion to $1.64 trillion.

\n

In total, non-housing balances rose by $45 billion, a 0.9 percent increase from Q1 2025. Lastly, mortgage balances rose by $131 billion in the second quarter and were $12.9 trillion by June 2025, the Fed said.

\n

Arnold, the financial adviser, says that households will undoubtedly be affected by higher prices on goods as the US relies on imports "of products from Canada, Mexico and China".

\n

He suggests that any household that is battling debt should focus on ensuring the basics are covered.

\n

"I mean, obviously, rent is high," he added. "It absolutely constricts the budget. … That's always your first priority, paying the rent, paying the mortgage, and then everything else, including food, is secondary."

\n

belindarobinson@chinadailyusa.com

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_006_689faf87ed50ccabe1517a6d.htm#006WORLD", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "cfd369659042124b5ecf2fee6d3eb0ec", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "006WORLD - Flood havoc", + "description": "

Household goods are strewed around next to buildings damaged by flash floods in Chositi village of Kishtwar district, India-controlled Kashmir, on Friday. Flash floods triggered by torrential rains killed over 200 people and left scores of others missing in India and Pakistan over the past 24 hours, officials said Friday.

\n



获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", + "content": "

Household goods are strewed around next to buildings damaged by flash floods in Chositi village of Kishtwar district, India-controlled Kashmir, on Friday. Flash floods triggered by torrential rains killed over 200 people and left scores of others missing in India and Pakistan over the past 24 hours, officials said Friday.

\n



获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_006_689faf8ced50ccabe1517a6e.htm#006WORLD", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "ee5fbd04f0971276b31cd797be8149ce", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "006WORLD - Briefly", + "description": "

SWITZERLAND

\n

No deal after plastic pollution treaty talks

\n

Delegates discussing the world's first legally binding treaty to tackle plastic pollution failed to reach consensus, diplomats said on Friday, voicing disappointment and even rage that the 10-day talks produced no deal. Delegates had been seeking a breakthrough in the deadlocked United Nations' talks in Geneva, but states pushing for an ambitious treaty said that the latest text released overnight failed to meet their expectations. The chair of the negotiations, Ecuador's Luis Vayas Valdivieso, adjourned the session with a pledge to resume talks at an undetermined later date, drawing weak applause from exhausted delegates who had worked into the early hours. UN officials and some countries, including Britain, said that negotiations should resume, but others described a broken process.

\n

CANADA

\n

Flights canceled as carrier, union clash

\n

Air Canada and its unionized flight attendants remained at odds on Friday, despite government pleas for both sides to return to bargaining to avert a strike that would upend travel for tens of thousands of passengers. Canada's largest carrier said that it expected to cancel 500 flights by the end of the day, ahead of the planned strike, leaving some 100,000 passengers scrambling for alternatives. The carrier's 10,000 flight attendants are gearing up to strike on Saturday over stalled contract talks on union demands for higher wages and compensation for unpaid work. On Thursday night, Air Canada and the union clashed over an agreement to avoid stranding thousands of passengers abroad when the strike is expected to begin on Saturday.

\n

INDIA

\n

Modi pushes self-reliance amid tariffs

\n

Prime Minister Narendra Modi said on Friday that India is seeking self-reliance in energy independence and the development of its own powerful defense systems, vowing to defend his country's interests "like a wall". Modi delivered his annual Independence Day address from the ramparts of New Delhi's Red Fort, at a time when India faces intense pressure and threats of additional tariffs from the United States. The prime minister urged the country to move toward more self-reliance, manufacture everything from fertilizers to jet engines and EV batteries, and vowed to protect farmers in the face of a trade conflict with Washington. He also announced lower goods and services taxes from October.

\n

", + "content": "

SWITZERLAND

\n

No deal after plastic pollution treaty talks

\n

Delegates discussing the world's first legally binding treaty to tackle plastic pollution failed to reach consensus, diplomats said on Friday, voicing disappointment and even rage that the 10-day talks produced no deal. Delegates had been seeking a breakthrough in the deadlocked United Nations' talks in Geneva, but states pushing for an ambitious treaty said that the latest text released overnight failed to meet their expectations. The chair of the negotiations, Ecuador's Luis Vayas Valdivieso, adjourned the session with a pledge to resume talks at an undetermined later date, drawing weak applause from exhausted delegates who had worked into the early hours. UN officials and some countries, including Britain, said that negotiations should resume, but others described a broken process.

\n

CANADA

\n

Flights canceled as carrier, union clash

\n

Air Canada and its unionized flight attendants remained at odds on Friday, despite government pleas for both sides to return to bargaining to avert a strike that would upend travel for tens of thousands of passengers. Canada's largest carrier said that it expected to cancel 500 flights by the end of the day, ahead of the planned strike, leaving some 100,000 passengers scrambling for alternatives. The carrier's 10,000 flight attendants are gearing up to strike on Saturday over stalled contract talks on union demands for higher wages and compensation for unpaid work. On Thursday night, Air Canada and the union clashed over an agreement to avoid stranding thousands of passengers abroad when the strike is expected to begin on Saturday.

\n

INDIA

\n

Modi pushes self-reliance amid tariffs

\n

Prime Minister Narendra Modi said on Friday that India is seeking self-reliance in energy independence and the development of its own powerful defense systems, vowing to defend his country's interests "like a wall". Modi delivered his annual Independence Day address from the ramparts of New Delhi's Red Fort, at a time when India faces intense pressure and threats of additional tariffs from the United States. The prime minister urged the country to move toward more self-reliance, manufacture everything from fertilizers to jet engines and EV batteries, and vowed to protect farmers in the face of a trade conflict with Washington. He also announced lower goods and services taxes from October.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_006_689faf90ed50ccabe1517a6f.htm#006WORLD", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "305a316c14f0b73c96376cf630a40edf", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "006WORLD - Trump administration tightens control over DC police", + "description": "

Members of the DC Metropolitan Police detain a person, who had an altercation between members of the public, in Washington, DC, on Thursday.

\n

WASHINGTON — The Trump administration, stepping up its crackdown on policing in the nation's capital, on Thursday named the head of the Drug Enforcement Administration to be Washington's "emergency police commissioner" with all the powers of the police chief — a significant move that increases national control over the city as part of the federal government's law-enforcement takeover.

\n

Attorney General Pam Bondi said in a directive issued on Thursday evening that DEA boss Terry Cole will assume "powers and duties vested in the District of Columbia Chief of Police". The Metropolitan Police Department "must receive approval from Commissioner Cole" before issuing any orders, Bondi said.

\n

It was not immediately clear where the move left Pamela Smith, the city's current police chief, who works for the mayor.

\n

The attorney general's directive comes hours after Smith directed MPD officers to share information with immigration agencies regarding people not in custody, such as someone involved in a traffic stop or checkpoint. The Justice Department said Bondi disagreed with the police chief's directive because it allowed for continued enforcement of "sanctuary policies".

\n

Bondi said she was rescinding that order as well as other MPD policies limiting inquiries into immigration status and preventing arrests based solely on federal immigration warrants. All new directives must now receive approval from Cole, the attorney general said.

\n

The late-night announcement came after an eventful day in the ongoing federal operation. Smith's earlier directive effectively brought together Trump's moves on city law enforcement and his nationwide efforts to curb immigration, and Trump had praised it in the hours before Bondi's announcement.

\n

A population already tense from days of ramp-up began seeing more significant shows of force across the city on Thursday. National Guard troops watched over some of the world's most renowned landmarks and Humvees took position in front of the busy main train station.

\n

Volunteers helped homeless people leave long-standing encampments — to where, exactly, was often unclear. Department of Homeland Security police stood outside Nationals Park.

\n

Drug Enforcement Administration agents patrolled The Wharf, a popular nightlife area, while Secret Service officers patrolled the Foggy Bottom neighborhood.

\n

The visibility of federal forces around the city, including in many high-traffic areas, was striking to residents going about their lives.

\n

Trump has the power to take over federal law enforcement for 30 days before Congress must review his actions, though he has said he'll reevaluate as that deadline approaches.

\n



获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", + "content": "

Members of the DC Metropolitan Police detain a person, who had an altercation between members of the public, in Washington, DC, on Thursday.

\n

WASHINGTON — The Trump administration, stepping up its crackdown on policing in the nation's capital, on Thursday named the head of the Drug Enforcement Administration to be Washington's "emergency police commissioner" with all the powers of the police chief — a significant move that increases national control over the city as part of the federal government's law-enforcement takeover.

\n

Attorney General Pam Bondi said in a directive issued on Thursday evening that DEA boss Terry Cole will assume "powers and duties vested in the District of Columbia Chief of Police". The Metropolitan Police Department "must receive approval from Commissioner Cole" before issuing any orders, Bondi said.

\n

It was not immediately clear where the move left Pamela Smith, the city's current police chief, who works for the mayor.

\n

The attorney general's directive comes hours after Smith directed MPD officers to share information with immigration agencies regarding people not in custody, such as someone involved in a traffic stop or checkpoint. The Justice Department said Bondi disagreed with the police chief's directive because it allowed for continued enforcement of "sanctuary policies".

\n

Bondi said she was rescinding that order as well as other MPD policies limiting inquiries into immigration status and preventing arrests based solely on federal immigration warrants. All new directives must now receive approval from Cole, the attorney general said.

\n

The late-night announcement came after an eventful day in the ongoing federal operation. Smith's earlier directive effectively brought together Trump's moves on city law enforcement and his nationwide efforts to curb immigration, and Trump had praised it in the hours before Bondi's announcement.

\n

A population already tense from days of ramp-up began seeing more significant shows of force across the city on Thursday. National Guard troops watched over some of the world's most renowned landmarks and Humvees took position in front of the busy main train station.

\n

Volunteers helped homeless people leave long-standing encampments — to where, exactly, was often unclear. Department of Homeland Security police stood outside Nationals Park.

\n

Drug Enforcement Administration agents patrolled The Wharf, a popular nightlife area, while Secret Service officers patrolled the Foggy Bottom neighborhood.

\n

The visibility of federal forces around the city, including in many high-traffic areas, was striking to residents going about their lives.

\n

Trump has the power to take over federal law enforcement for 30 days before Congress must review his actions, though he has said he'll reevaluate as that deadline approaches.

\n



获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_006_689faf95ed50ccabe1517a70.htm#006WORLD", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "3a4285847eb7980a4c47dff9ddc09981", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "007WORLD - Japan urged to reflect on its aggression", + "description": "

Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi on Friday called on Japan to confront its wartime past, warning that only by facing history can the country avoid repeating past mistakes.

\n

Speaking at a joint news conference after the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Foreign Ministers' Meeting, Wang reiterated China's stance on historical issues, as Friday marks the 80th anniversary of Japan's surrender in World War II.

\n

Eight decades ago, Japan was defeated, accepted the Potsdam Proclamation, and announced its unconditional surrender, Wang said.

\n

Yet today, certain forces in Japan still attempt to whitewash, deny, distort, and even rewrite history, glorifying war criminals — a disgraceful act which Wang said only brings shame upon themselves.

\n

He condemned such actions as a challenge to the United Nations Charter, the post-war international order, human conscience, and all the victorious nations and their people.

\n

"Only by facing history can Japan earn respect; only by drawing lessons from the past can it forge a future; and only by remembering history can Japan avoid straying onto the wrong path again," Wang stressed.

\n

In Tokyo on Thursday, officials and experts at a symposium themed "80 Years since the End of the Pacific War, 80 Years since Japan's Defeat: Toward Building a Peaceful World", expressed similar viewpoints.

\n

The symposium was organized on Thursday by the Association for Inheriting and Propagating the Murayama Statement, a Japanese civic group dedicated to upholding the 1995 Murayama Statement that acknowledges Japan's wartime mistakes.

\n

Former Japanese prime minister Yukio Hatoyama pointed out that true "patriotism" means confronting historical facts and acknowledging past mistakes with courage.

\n

He stressed that Japan cannot simply claim that "compensation has been completed and responsibility fulfilled". Responsibility ends only when the victorious countries or former colonies declare they will no longer pursue claims.

\n

He said: "I believe that promoting peace and the development of democracy, based on a profound reflection on past history, is the path Japan should follow."

\n

On Friday, Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba expressed "remorse" over the war, which he called a mistake, restoring the word in a Japanese leader's address for the first time since 2013, when former premier Shinzo Abe shunned it.

\n

Ishiba, however, did not mention Japan's aggression across Asia or apologize. Earlier in the day, at least one cabinet minister joined thousands of visitors at the notorious Yasukuni Shrine.

\n

Takakage Fujita, secretary-general of the Association for Inheriting and Propagating the Murayama Statement, quoted Japanese writer Shuichi Kato: "Distorting history brings absolutely no benefit and causes countless harms."

\n

Chinese Ambassador to Japan Wu Jianghao said that 80 years after Japan's defeat, the country should fulfill its serious political commitments, thoroughly repudiate any actions that distort, glorify, or deny the history of aggression.

\n

"Japan should demonstrate through concrete actions its adherence to peaceful development, thereby earning the trust of the Chinese people, the Japanese people, neighboring Asian countries, and the international community," Wu said.

\n

Akira Yamada, a professor at Meiji University, noted that Japan's pacifism has often been framed by the slogan "not to become a new victim", but emphasized that "avoiding becoming a new aggressor" is even more important.

\n

Yamada stressed that Japan should foster friendly relations with China and warned that hostile rhetoric toward China is extremely dangerous. "Distorting historical understanding will ultimately erode our own politics and society," he said.

\n

Hajime Takano, director of the East Asian Community Institute, also warned that hostile rhetoric toward China is dangerous and argued that the idea that "a Taiwan emergency is a Japanese emergency" is unfounded. He noted that the Taiwan question is a legacy of the Chinese civil war.

\n

Takano also criticized certain Japanese media for reporting on related events without considering the complex background.

\n

Tomoyoshi Kimura, director of the Northeast Asia Dynamics Study Group, emphasized that most people in Japan today were born after the war. Although they did not directly commit wartime crimes, they still bear a responsibility to humbly inherit and convey historical lessons.

\n

houjunjie@chinadaily.com

\n



获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", + "content": "

Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi on Friday called on Japan to confront its wartime past, warning that only by facing history can the country avoid repeating past mistakes.

\n

Speaking at a joint news conference after the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Foreign Ministers' Meeting, Wang reiterated China's stance on historical issues, as Friday marks the 80th anniversary of Japan's surrender in World War II.

\n

Eight decades ago, Japan was defeated, accepted the Potsdam Proclamation, and announced its unconditional surrender, Wang said.

\n

Yet today, certain forces in Japan still attempt to whitewash, deny, distort, and even rewrite history, glorifying war criminals — a disgraceful act which Wang said only brings shame upon themselves.

\n

He condemned such actions as a challenge to the United Nations Charter, the post-war international order, human conscience, and all the victorious nations and their people.

\n

"Only by facing history can Japan earn respect; only by drawing lessons from the past can it forge a future; and only by remembering history can Japan avoid straying onto the wrong path again," Wang stressed.

\n

In Tokyo on Thursday, officials and experts at a symposium themed "80 Years since the End of the Pacific War, 80 Years since Japan's Defeat: Toward Building a Peaceful World", expressed similar viewpoints.

\n

The symposium was organized on Thursday by the Association for Inheriting and Propagating the Murayama Statement, a Japanese civic group dedicated to upholding the 1995 Murayama Statement that acknowledges Japan's wartime mistakes.

\n

Former Japanese prime minister Yukio Hatoyama pointed out that true "patriotism" means confronting historical facts and acknowledging past mistakes with courage.

\n

He stressed that Japan cannot simply claim that "compensation has been completed and responsibility fulfilled". Responsibility ends only when the victorious countries or former colonies declare they will no longer pursue claims.

\n

He said: "I believe that promoting peace and the development of democracy, based on a profound reflection on past history, is the path Japan should follow."

\n

On Friday, Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba expressed "remorse" over the war, which he called a mistake, restoring the word in a Japanese leader's address for the first time since 2013, when former premier Shinzo Abe shunned it.

\n

Ishiba, however, did not mention Japan's aggression across Asia or apologize. Earlier in the day, at least one cabinet minister joined thousands of visitors at the notorious Yasukuni Shrine.

\n

Takakage Fujita, secretary-general of the Association for Inheriting and Propagating the Murayama Statement, quoted Japanese writer Shuichi Kato: "Distorting history brings absolutely no benefit and causes countless harms."

\n

Chinese Ambassador to Japan Wu Jianghao said that 80 years after Japan's defeat, the country should fulfill its serious political commitments, thoroughly repudiate any actions that distort, glorify, or deny the history of aggression.

\n

"Japan should demonstrate through concrete actions its adherence to peaceful development, thereby earning the trust of the Chinese people, the Japanese people, neighboring Asian countries, and the international community," Wu said.

\n

Akira Yamada, a professor at Meiji University, noted that Japan's pacifism has often been framed by the slogan "not to become a new victim", but emphasized that "avoiding becoming a new aggressor" is even more important.

\n

Yamada stressed that Japan should foster friendly relations with China and warned that hostile rhetoric toward China is extremely dangerous. "Distorting historical understanding will ultimately erode our own politics and society," he said.

\n

Hajime Takano, director of the East Asian Community Institute, also warned that hostile rhetoric toward China is dangerous and argued that the idea that "a Taiwan emergency is a Japanese emergency" is unfounded. He noted that the Taiwan question is a legacy of the Chinese civil war.

\n

Takano also criticized certain Japanese media for reporting on related events without considering the complex background.

\n

Tomoyoshi Kimura, director of the Northeast Asia Dynamics Study Group, emphasized that most people in Japan today were born after the war. Although they did not directly commit wartime crimes, they still bear a responsibility to humbly inherit and convey historical lessons.

\n

houjunjie@chinadaily.com

\n



获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_007_689faf99ed50ccabe1517a71.htm#007WORLD", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "3bd0602821b1ce30b9f3d4be5bf3cd98", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "007WORLD - Israel's building plan for West Bank criticized", + "description": "

Palestinians collect humanitarian aid in Gaza City on Thursday. Also on Thursday, Israeli Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich announced a settlement project for the West Bank, a move his office said would "bury the idea of a Palestinian state".

\n

JERUSALEM/UNITED NATIONS — Israeli far-right Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich approved plans overnight for a settlement that would split East Jerusalem from the northern West Bank, a move his office said would "bury the idea of a Palestinian state".

\n

It was not immediately clear if Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu backed the plan to revive the long-frozen E1 scheme, which Palestinians and world powers have said would lop the West Bank in two and will likely draw international ire.

\n

In a statement headlined "Burying the idea of a Palestinian State", Smotrich's spokesperson said the minister would give a news conference later on Thursday about the plan to build 3,401 houses for Israeli settlers between an existing settlement in the West Bank and Jerusalem.

\n

Israel had frozen construction plans there since 2012 because of objections from the United States, European allies and other world powers who considered the project a threat to any future peace deal with the Palestinians.

\n

Britain and France are among several countries to announce in recent weeks plans to recognize a Palestinian state later this year, saying they wanted to keep the two-state solution alive.

\n

Stephane Dujarric, the spokesman for UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, said: "Our position is clear — the Israeli settlements in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the regime associated with them, have been established and are being maintained in violation of international law," in a note to correspondents.

\n

Construction in the E1 area would sever the northern and southern West Bank, severely undermining the prospects for the realization of a viable, contiguous State of Palestine, the note added.

\n

European Union foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas on Thursday urged Israel to drop plans to advance settlement construction in the E1 area of the occupied West Bank, warning the move would violate international law and irreparably damage prospects for a two-state solution.

\n

"If implemented, settlement construction in this area will permanently cut the geographical and territorial contiguity between occupied East Jerusalem and the West Bank and sever the connection between the northern and southern West Bank," Kallas said in a statement.

\n

Germany said it "strongly objects" to the plan and called on the Israeli government to "stop settlement construction", while Saudi Arabia also condemned the move "in the strongest possible terms".

\n

Israeli NGO Peace Now, which monitors settlement activity in the West Bank, denounced the E1 plan as "deadly for the future of Israel and for any chance of achieving a peaceful two-state solution".

\n

Meanwhile, in Gaza, more than 100 nonprofit groups warned on Thursday that Israel's rules for aid groups working in the Gaza Strip and occupied West Bank will block much-needed relief and replace independent organizations with those that serve Israel's political and military agenda — charges that Israel denied.

\n

At the same time, hospital officials reported more deaths from Israeli airstrikes and an increasing toll from malnutrition.

\n

The mounting backlash over aid restrictions and the worsening humanitarian crisis in Gaza have been cited by several countries as a factor in their moves toward recognizing Palestinian statehood.

\n

The aid groups, including Oxfam, Doctors Without Borders and CARE, stressed on Thursday that most of them have not been able to deliver "a single truck" of lifesaving assistance since Israel implemented a blockade in March.

\n

", + "content": "

Palestinians collect humanitarian aid in Gaza City on Thursday. Also on Thursday, Israeli Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich announced a settlement project for the West Bank, a move his office said would "bury the idea of a Palestinian state".

\n

JERUSALEM/UNITED NATIONS — Israeli far-right Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich approved plans overnight for a settlement that would split East Jerusalem from the northern West Bank, a move his office said would "bury the idea of a Palestinian state".

\n

It was not immediately clear if Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu backed the plan to revive the long-frozen E1 scheme, which Palestinians and world powers have said would lop the West Bank in two and will likely draw international ire.

\n

In a statement headlined "Burying the idea of a Palestinian State", Smotrich's spokesperson said the minister would give a news conference later on Thursday about the plan to build 3,401 houses for Israeli settlers between an existing settlement in the West Bank and Jerusalem.

\n

Israel had frozen construction plans there since 2012 because of objections from the United States, European allies and other world powers who considered the project a threat to any future peace deal with the Palestinians.

\n

Britain and France are among several countries to announce in recent weeks plans to recognize a Palestinian state later this year, saying they wanted to keep the two-state solution alive.

\n

Stephane Dujarric, the spokesman for UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, said: "Our position is clear — the Israeli settlements in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the regime associated with them, have been established and are being maintained in violation of international law," in a note to correspondents.

\n

Construction in the E1 area would sever the northern and southern West Bank, severely undermining the prospects for the realization of a viable, contiguous State of Palestine, the note added.

\n

European Union foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas on Thursday urged Israel to drop plans to advance settlement construction in the E1 area of the occupied West Bank, warning the move would violate international law and irreparably damage prospects for a two-state solution.

\n

"If implemented, settlement construction in this area will permanently cut the geographical and territorial contiguity between occupied East Jerusalem and the West Bank and sever the connection between the northern and southern West Bank," Kallas said in a statement.

\n

Germany said it "strongly objects" to the plan and called on the Israeli government to "stop settlement construction", while Saudi Arabia also condemned the move "in the strongest possible terms".

\n

Israeli NGO Peace Now, which monitors settlement activity in the West Bank, denounced the E1 plan as "deadly for the future of Israel and for any chance of achieving a peaceful two-state solution".

\n

Meanwhile, in Gaza, more than 100 nonprofit groups warned on Thursday that Israel's rules for aid groups working in the Gaza Strip and occupied West Bank will block much-needed relief and replace independent organizations with those that serve Israel's political and military agenda — charges that Israel denied.

\n

At the same time, hospital officials reported more deaths from Israeli airstrikes and an increasing toll from malnutrition.

\n

The mounting backlash over aid restrictions and the worsening humanitarian crisis in Gaza have been cited by several countries as a factor in their moves toward recognizing Palestinian statehood.

\n

The aid groups, including Oxfam, Doctors Without Borders and CARE, stressed on Thursday that most of them have not been able to deliver "a single truck" of lifesaving assistance since Israel implemented a blockade in March.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_007_689faf9ded50ccabe1517a72.htm#007WORLD", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "3de60f338609b34f1e22c580497536e8", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "007WORLD - Liberation from colonial rule celebrated", + "description": "

Both the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea have marked the 80th anniversary of the Korean Peninsula's liberation from Japan's colonial rule, with the ROK leader pledging to reduce bilateral tensions.

\n

In a speech at a celebration event held at the Arch of Triumph Plaza in Pyongyang on Thursday, DPRK's top leader, Kim Jong-un, emphasized the DPRK's resistance against Japanese imperialism and the bloodshed endured to gain independence, and called for steadily and undauntedly overcoming the challenges facing the DPRK.

\n

On Friday, ROK President Lee Jaemyung, in a speech marking the country's Liberation Day, said the ROK will take consistent measures to reduce tensions with the DPRK and restore the Sept 19 military agreement between the two sides to lower military tensions at the border.

\n

The agreement was signed during the 2018 inter-Korean summit in Pyongyang. In June 2024, the ROK's then Yoon Suk-yeol government suspended the deal. "It is time to break free from outdated Cold War mentality and open a new era of peace on the Korean Peninsula," said Lee, at a ceremony held at the Sejong Center for the Performing Arts in Seoul.

\n

Lee said his government respects the DPRK's current political system and will not pursue any form of unification by absorption while asserting that it has no intention of engaging in hostile acts.

\n

The DPRK celebrations were joined by Russian guests led by Russian State Duma Chairman Vyacheslav Volodin. According to the Korean Central News Agency, Volodin, who met Kim on Thursday, read a congratulatory letter from Russian President Vladimir Putin to Kim, expressing his willingness to further develop bilateral relations.

\n

"Today, the DPRK-Russia friendship has developed into an unprecedented alliance," Kim, who is general secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea and president of the State Affairs of the DPRK, was quoted as saying by the official Rodong Sinmun newspaper on Friday.

\n

Kim said the bilateral relationship has been solidified amid their joint struggle against the revival of neo-Nazism and to safeguard sovereignty, security and international justice.

\n

The DPRK has been wary of military exercises to be held by the ROK with the United States.

\n

"The United States-ROK joint military drills to be started on Aug 18 will undoubtedly make the hostile nature of the ROK brought to light again," Kim Yo-jong, vice department director of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, said earlier.

\n

She also noted that she believed Seoul's policy toward the DPRK remained unchanged.

\n

Hong Min, a senior analyst at the Institute for National Unification in the ROK, told Reuters that Pyongyang likely anticipated further conciliatory gestures by the ROK.

\n

The joint military exercise is set to take place from Monday to Aug 28, but the allies said last week that around half of the 40 planned field training drills will be postponed to September.

\n

Lee said a peaceful Korean Peninsula must be nuclear-free.

\n

kelly@chinadailyapac.com

\n

", + "content": "

Both the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea have marked the 80th anniversary of the Korean Peninsula's liberation from Japan's colonial rule, with the ROK leader pledging to reduce bilateral tensions.

\n

In a speech at a celebration event held at the Arch of Triumph Plaza in Pyongyang on Thursday, DPRK's top leader, Kim Jong-un, emphasized the DPRK's resistance against Japanese imperialism and the bloodshed endured to gain independence, and called for steadily and undauntedly overcoming the challenges facing the DPRK.

\n

On Friday, ROK President Lee Jaemyung, in a speech marking the country's Liberation Day, said the ROK will take consistent measures to reduce tensions with the DPRK and restore the Sept 19 military agreement between the two sides to lower military tensions at the border.

\n

The agreement was signed during the 2018 inter-Korean summit in Pyongyang. In June 2024, the ROK's then Yoon Suk-yeol government suspended the deal. "It is time to break free from outdated Cold War mentality and open a new era of peace on the Korean Peninsula," said Lee, at a ceremony held at the Sejong Center for the Performing Arts in Seoul.

\n

Lee said his government respects the DPRK's current political system and will not pursue any form of unification by absorption while asserting that it has no intention of engaging in hostile acts.

\n

The DPRK celebrations were joined by Russian guests led by Russian State Duma Chairman Vyacheslav Volodin. According to the Korean Central News Agency, Volodin, who met Kim on Thursday, read a congratulatory letter from Russian President Vladimir Putin to Kim, expressing his willingness to further develop bilateral relations.

\n

"Today, the DPRK-Russia friendship has developed into an unprecedented alliance," Kim, who is general secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea and president of the State Affairs of the DPRK, was quoted as saying by the official Rodong Sinmun newspaper on Friday.

\n

Kim said the bilateral relationship has been solidified amid their joint struggle against the revival of neo-Nazism and to safeguard sovereignty, security and international justice.

\n

The DPRK has been wary of military exercises to be held by the ROK with the United States.

\n

"The United States-ROK joint military drills to be started on Aug 18 will undoubtedly make the hostile nature of the ROK brought to light again," Kim Yo-jong, vice department director of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, said earlier.

\n

She also noted that she believed Seoul's policy toward the DPRK remained unchanged.

\n

Hong Min, a senior analyst at the Institute for National Unification in the ROK, told Reuters that Pyongyang likely anticipated further conciliatory gestures by the ROK.

\n

The joint military exercise is set to take place from Monday to Aug 28, but the allies said last week that around half of the 40 planned field training drills will be postponed to September.

\n

Lee said a peaceful Korean Peninsula must be nuclear-free.

\n

kelly@chinadailyapac.com

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_007_689fafa2ed50ccabe1517a73.htm#007WORLD", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "2faf67a94223fc262bd26eacd95d5f06", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "008LIFE - Reinventing adventures in history", + "description": "

Inside a hall at the Grand Canal Museum of Beijing, the projection of light and images produces an immersive experience on Tuesday.

\n

Students explore the This Is Shang Dynasty exhibition at the Grand Canal Museum of Beijing in June.

\n

While in downtown Beijing, the Confucius Temple and Guozijian (Imperial College) Museum showcases Confucian rituals on Aug 3.

\n

On a warm August morning at the Grand Canal Museum of Beijing, a small crowd of children huddles around a bronze treasure that has been waiting more than three millennia to be admired. The famed owl-shaped zun — a Shang Dynasty (c.16th century-11th century BC) ritual vessel symbolizing the war god — sits in its case, silent yet commanding.

\n

Twelve-year-old Chen Mingxuan lifts an AI-enabled handheld device to eye level. The screen hums and trembles in his hands, then blooms with animation: the vessel's intricate patterns begin to glow, shifting into scenes that reveal their hidden meanings. Mingxuan lets out an excited gasp as the owl's eyes gleam to life. He then taps a button to record his own retelling of the artifact's story. Later, his narration will be embedded into a custom "talking" refrigerator magnet — a souvenir that fuses the weight of tradition with a spark of technology.

\n

This is Return of the Mythical Beasts, one of the museum's newest education programs, developed as part of its push to reinvent how history is experienced. Situated in Tongzhou district, where the ancient Grand Canal once pulsed with trade activities, the museum has launched AI-powered terminals, crafting workshops, and immersive storytelling to draw children into the world of the Shang Dynasty.

\n

"Our AI terminals recognize more than 100 artifacts," says Zhang Ning, head of the museum's creative culture team.

\n

"When children record their own explanations of what they've learned, they're not just memorizing the information but also building a better understanding of history."

\n

The program ties into the museum's This Is Shang Dynasty exhibition and its canal heritage collection. This summer, new offerings have multiplied. The Journey Through the Great Shang program uses a dual-terminal teaching system linking teachers and students in real-time. While instructors guide lessons on a master device, students receive synchronized high-resolution images, videos and text on their tablets, allowing them to zoom in on details far beyond what the glass cases reveal.

\n

"The system tracks the students' progress and awards digital badges," Zhang notes.

\n

"It keeps them curious, engaged and proud of what they're learning."

\n

For those craving a dash of drama, The Shang King's Banquet Treasure Hunt begins on the eve of a royal feast, only for the bronze vessels to vanish. Armed with the king's secret orders, young sleuths follow clues through the galleries, decode bronze motifs, and try their hand at clay mold casting to crack the case.

\n

"It's about curiosity, participation and immersion," Zhang says.

\n

"Children leave with a tangible connection to the Shang world," she adds.

\n

In downtown Dongcheng district, at the solemn gates of the Confucius Temple and Guozijian (Imperial College) Museum, a group of children wearing traditional hanfu costume line up before the statue of Confucius, carefully adjusting their robes and using brushes to write Chinese characters that reflect Confucius thoughts.

\n

This signature program combines traditional rites and etiquette with immersive historical drama.

\n

The activities guide participants through the historical layers of China's classical learning, allowing them to explore the legacy of Confucian scholarship and ritual culture in a setting that once shaped the nation's intellectual elite.

\n

Once China's highest learning institution and a center for moral cultivation, the Imperial College draws on this profound legacy to inspire modern programs.

\n

Personnel at the facility have developed over 300 programs serving more than 7,000 participants since 2024, receiving overwhelmingly positive feedback, says Yan Jing, director of the education department with the museum.

\n

The two museums are among many across the capital that have rolled out learning experiences for summer vacationers.

\n

On Aug 8, the Study Tour Month of the Beijing Museum Season was launched, aiming to create a multidimensional space to combine cultural experiences, consumption scenarios and interactive activities.

\n

"Museums are more than repositories of history; they are cultural landmarks that preserve our legacy and pass on the heritage of civilization," said Chu Jianhao, a senior official with the Beijing Municipal Cultural Heritage Bureau, at the launch ceremony.

\n

Chu praised the rich array of exhibitions, technology-enhanced experiences, and creative programs that have attracted a growing public audience since the inaugural edition of the Beijing Museum Season's Exhibition Month in May. Science Month was held in June, and Cultural Creativity Month took place in July.

\n

The Study Tour Month embodies a commitment to culturalinheritance and innovative integration, he notes.

\n

"We will collaborate with museums across Beijing's districts to deliver diverse programs, including thematic study tours, interactive games and academic seminars," Chu says.

\n

"The goal is to transform museum resources into educational assets, enhance young people's cultural literacy, and bring high-quality cultural experiences to communities," he adds.

\n

By building on new partnerships with educational authorities, Chu reveals five freshly designed study routes along Beijing's Central Axis, along with extended summer hours to meet rising demand.

\n

On launch day, Dongcheng district's culture and tourism bureau unveiled a new set of themed educational travel routes that serve as a key to opening its history.

\n

"These routes are not just a string of attractions," Chu says, adding that at each stop, organizers include various activities.

\n

Chu calls upon participating museums to leverage Beijing's unique cultural heritage to design engaging and memorable programs for youth, ensure scholarly rigor and authenticity in historical storytelling, and embrace innovative formats including theatrical performances and digital interactivity, to enrich learning experiences.

\n

At the Bell and Drum Towers, students can participate in role-play activities and "time wisdom" workshops, solving clues through interactive games and augmented-reality treasure hunts to discover how ancient Chinese kept time — a glimpse into how museums turn history into living, breathing adventures.

\n

Contact the writer at yangfeiyue@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "content": "

Inside a hall at the Grand Canal Museum of Beijing, the projection of light and images produces an immersive experience on Tuesday.

\n

Students explore the This Is Shang Dynasty exhibition at the Grand Canal Museum of Beijing in June.

\n

While in downtown Beijing, the Confucius Temple and Guozijian (Imperial College) Museum showcases Confucian rituals on Aug 3.

\n

On a warm August morning at the Grand Canal Museum of Beijing, a small crowd of children huddles around a bronze treasure that has been waiting more than three millennia to be admired. The famed owl-shaped zun — a Shang Dynasty (c.16th century-11th century BC) ritual vessel symbolizing the war god — sits in its case, silent yet commanding.

\n

Twelve-year-old Chen Mingxuan lifts an AI-enabled handheld device to eye level. The screen hums and trembles in his hands, then blooms with animation: the vessel's intricate patterns begin to glow, shifting into scenes that reveal their hidden meanings. Mingxuan lets out an excited gasp as the owl's eyes gleam to life. He then taps a button to record his own retelling of the artifact's story. Later, his narration will be embedded into a custom "talking" refrigerator magnet — a souvenir that fuses the weight of tradition with a spark of technology.

\n

This is Return of the Mythical Beasts, one of the museum's newest education programs, developed as part of its push to reinvent how history is experienced. Situated in Tongzhou district, where the ancient Grand Canal once pulsed with trade activities, the museum has launched AI-powered terminals, crafting workshops, and immersive storytelling to draw children into the world of the Shang Dynasty.

\n

"Our AI terminals recognize more than 100 artifacts," says Zhang Ning, head of the museum's creative culture team.

\n

"When children record their own explanations of what they've learned, they're not just memorizing the information but also building a better understanding of history."

\n

The program ties into the museum's This Is Shang Dynasty exhibition and its canal heritage collection. This summer, new offerings have multiplied. The Journey Through the Great Shang program uses a dual-terminal teaching system linking teachers and students in real-time. While instructors guide lessons on a master device, students receive synchronized high-resolution images, videos and text on their tablets, allowing them to zoom in on details far beyond what the glass cases reveal.

\n

"The system tracks the students' progress and awards digital badges," Zhang notes.

\n

"It keeps them curious, engaged and proud of what they're learning."

\n

For those craving a dash of drama, The Shang King's Banquet Treasure Hunt begins on the eve of a royal feast, only for the bronze vessels to vanish. Armed with the king's secret orders, young sleuths follow clues through the galleries, decode bronze motifs, and try their hand at clay mold casting to crack the case.

\n

"It's about curiosity, participation and immersion," Zhang says.

\n

"Children leave with a tangible connection to the Shang world," she adds.

\n

In downtown Dongcheng district, at the solemn gates of the Confucius Temple and Guozijian (Imperial College) Museum, a group of children wearing traditional hanfu costume line up before the statue of Confucius, carefully adjusting their robes and using brushes to write Chinese characters that reflect Confucius thoughts.

\n

This signature program combines traditional rites and etiquette with immersive historical drama.

\n

The activities guide participants through the historical layers of China's classical learning, allowing them to explore the legacy of Confucian scholarship and ritual culture in a setting that once shaped the nation's intellectual elite.

\n

Once China's highest learning institution and a center for moral cultivation, the Imperial College draws on this profound legacy to inspire modern programs.

\n

Personnel at the facility have developed over 300 programs serving more than 7,000 participants since 2024, receiving overwhelmingly positive feedback, says Yan Jing, director of the education department with the museum.

\n

The two museums are among many across the capital that have rolled out learning experiences for summer vacationers.

\n

On Aug 8, the Study Tour Month of the Beijing Museum Season was launched, aiming to create a multidimensional space to combine cultural experiences, consumption scenarios and interactive activities.

\n

"Museums are more than repositories of history; they are cultural landmarks that preserve our legacy and pass on the heritage of civilization," said Chu Jianhao, a senior official with the Beijing Municipal Cultural Heritage Bureau, at the launch ceremony.

\n

Chu praised the rich array of exhibitions, technology-enhanced experiences, and creative programs that have attracted a growing public audience since the inaugural edition of the Beijing Museum Season's Exhibition Month in May. Science Month was held in June, and Cultural Creativity Month took place in July.

\n

The Study Tour Month embodies a commitment to culturalinheritance and innovative integration, he notes.

\n

"We will collaborate with museums across Beijing's districts to deliver diverse programs, including thematic study tours, interactive games and academic seminars," Chu says.

\n

"The goal is to transform museum resources into educational assets, enhance young people's cultural literacy, and bring high-quality cultural experiences to communities," he adds.

\n

By building on new partnerships with educational authorities, Chu reveals five freshly designed study routes along Beijing's Central Axis, along with extended summer hours to meet rising demand.

\n

On launch day, Dongcheng district's culture and tourism bureau unveiled a new set of themed educational travel routes that serve as a key to opening its history.

\n

"These routes are not just a string of attractions," Chu says, adding that at each stop, organizers include various activities.

\n

Chu calls upon participating museums to leverage Beijing's unique cultural heritage to design engaging and memorable programs for youth, ensure scholarly rigor and authenticity in historical storytelling, and embrace innovative formats including theatrical performances and digital interactivity, to enrich learning experiences.

\n

At the Bell and Drum Towers, students can participate in role-play activities and "time wisdom" workshops, solving clues through interactive games and augmented-reality treasure hunts to discover how ancient Chinese kept time — a glimpse into how museums turn history into living, breathing adventures.

\n

Contact the writer at yangfeiyue@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_008_689fafa6ed50ccabe1517a74.htm#008LIFE", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "6f81eb247c99cd042e5372d1dd0f80da", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "008LIFE - Themed routes", + "description": "

The Central Axis Treasure Hunt takes young participants along the city's symbolic spine, visiting the National Museum of China, the historic Peking University Red Building and the Cloisonne Art Museum of China, to uncover cultural treasures along the way.

\n

The Drum Rhythms, New Voices route begins at the iconic Bell and Drum Towers and winds through the hutong neighborhood, the Confucius Temple and Guozijian Museum, inviting visitors to spend a day immersed in the rhythms of Beijing's historic streets.

\n

The Wandering Through Past and Present route connects Zhengyangmen and Arrow Tower to the south of Tian'anmen Square, Qianmen Street and the Natural History Museum of China, showcasing how Beijing's traditions continue in contemporary culture.

\n

", + "content": "

The Central Axis Treasure Hunt takes young participants along the city's symbolic spine, visiting the National Museum of China, the historic Peking University Red Building and the Cloisonne Art Museum of China, to uncover cultural treasures along the way.

\n

The Drum Rhythms, New Voices route begins at the iconic Bell and Drum Towers and winds through the hutong neighborhood, the Confucius Temple and Guozijian Museum, inviting visitors to spend a day immersed in the rhythms of Beijing's historic streets.

\n

The Wandering Through Past and Present route connects Zhengyangmen and Arrow Tower to the south of Tian'anmen Square, Qianmen Street and the Natural History Museum of China, showcasing how Beijing's traditions continue in contemporary culture.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_008_689fafaaed50ccabe1517a75.htm#008LIFE", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "f1dcdfeb790542a3c4799cc641ba5414", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "008LIFE - Farmers plant roots in flowering lotus industry", + "description": "

Online Scan the code to watch the video.

\n

Picturesque scenes of lotus flowers in the pond and beside a bridge in Zhejiang province.

\n

Women in traditional costumes walk in procession along a lotus field in Wangjiangjing town of Jiaxing, Zhejiang.

\n

In the height of the summer heat, the vast lotus ponds in Wangjiangjing town, Zhejiang province, stretch out in an endless sea of green.

\n

Amid the rippling emerald waters, delicate pink blossoms quietly unfurl. A stroll along the water's ridges offers air filled with the sweet fragrance of lotus as streams of visitors weave through the scene to snap photos, with some rolling up their pants to wade into the pond to pick fresh seedpods.

\n

This mass lotus field in the Liansidang scenic area in Xiuzhou district of Jiaxing, Zhejiang, has been carefully cultivated by Yao Zhongbao, head of the Zhongbao agricultural products cooperative.

\n

"Tourists come here not only to get close to nature and enjoy the beautiful scenery, but also to taste fresh lotus seeds and take home handmade lotus root starch, organic lotus seeds, and lotus tea leaves produced by our cooperative," he says.

\n

The wetlands are one of nature's precious gifts to Wangjiangjing. Since 2009, the town has leveraged its natural environment to develop a thriving wetland agriculture centered on lotus root, building a robust lotus industry.

\n

Lotus thrives in warm, humid environments, tolerates waterlogging, and offers value in each part of the plant: the flowers are ornamental while the roots and seeds are prized for their culinary and medicinal uses.

\n

The economic benefits of lotus farming have encouraged many villagers to participate, including Yao.

\n

However, his journey with lotus plants wasn't always idyllic.

\n

After years of growing lotus root, he began facing an invisible but persistent challenge — the soil, worn down from long-term cultivation, showed signs of fatigue, and the crops grew increasingly prone to disease.

\n

"The land was tired. The lotus root wasn't growing as it used to," Yao recalls.

\n

However, during a study trip organized by the local government, Yao's path took a turn. In 2015, he and his fellow farmers learned about new varieties of lotus that were being cultivated not just for their roots, but for seeds and flowers too.

\n

"Our old fields were no longer suitable for lotus root," Yao explains, "so I decided to try the new varieties to see if I could grow lotus seeds."

\n

At first, it was purely for practical reasons. The dry lotus seeds, used in traditional Chinese desserts like eight-treasure porridge, were harvested and processed for sale.

\n

"I didn't think of selling flowers at the time," he says with a chuckle. "A few friends asked for some blooms as gifts, so I gave them away."

\n

Five years later, in 2020, the flower side of his business began to show real promise.

\n

Yao began to receive the occasional flower order.

\n

By 2023, demand exploded thanks to an unexpected moment of online fame. A video of an elderly man carrying two baskets of lotus flowers on a shoulder pole went viral on Douyin, China's version of TikTok.

\n

"That's when it really took off," Yao says. "Suddenly, everyone wanted a piece of the lotus field."

\n

To cater to market demand, Yao has grown 350 mu (23.3 hectares) of ornamental lotus fields.

\n

"This year, we're growing 16 varieties across four major color palettes, including single and double-petaled blooms," Yao explains. "The earliest varieties started blooming in May, and we'll be harvesting through October."

\n

Not all lotus flowers are created equal, though; some fetch significantly higher prices. The Guanyin Lotus, for example, is a tightly-budded, double-petaled variety that requires a gentle hand to coax it open, earning it the nickname "pet flower" among growers.

\n

Yao's fresh-cut lotus flowers are sold on site and distributed to major flower markets in Shanghai, as well as in Hangzhou and Jiaxing in Zhejiang.

\n

Currently, the cooperative ships around 2,500 stems daily. Preliminary estimates show that one mu of ornamental lotus can generate revenue between 6,000 and 8,000 ($835-$1,114) yuan, far more profitable than lotus root farming.

\n

Despite the growing success of his flower business, Yao still cultivates 86.7 hectares of lotus root, which he says maximizes the use of land and "nothing goes to waste".

\n

To date, Wangjiangjing has nearly 666.7 hectares of lotus cultivation, with its annual output value reaching approximately 150 million yuan, says Liu Qixun, deputy head of the town.

\n

Across town is one specialized lotus marketing cooperative, three lotus processing enterprises, and more than 60 lotus-growing households.

\n

Beyond lotus flowers and roots, the two core products, Wangjiangjing's thriving lotus industry has sparked the development of a wide range of spin-off goods, from lotus root starch and sweet braised lotus to wonton wrappers, herbal lotus leaf tea, drinks, and lotus-flavored noodles.

\n

Li Xiuying, chair of a local agricultural technology company, says it partnered with a major food company to produce lotus root starch wonton wrappers.

\n

They're springy, translucent, and offer the distinct flavor of Jiangnan (the southern regions of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River). Consumers love them, Li says.

\n

", + "content": "

Online Scan the code to watch the video.

\n

Picturesque scenes of lotus flowers in the pond and beside a bridge in Zhejiang province.

\n

Women in traditional costumes walk in procession along a lotus field in Wangjiangjing town of Jiaxing, Zhejiang.

\n

In the height of the summer heat, the vast lotus ponds in Wangjiangjing town, Zhejiang province, stretch out in an endless sea of green.

\n

Amid the rippling emerald waters, delicate pink blossoms quietly unfurl. A stroll along the water's ridges offers air filled with the sweet fragrance of lotus as streams of visitors weave through the scene to snap photos, with some rolling up their pants to wade into the pond to pick fresh seedpods.

\n

This mass lotus field in the Liansidang scenic area in Xiuzhou district of Jiaxing, Zhejiang, has been carefully cultivated by Yao Zhongbao, head of the Zhongbao agricultural products cooperative.

\n

"Tourists come here not only to get close to nature and enjoy the beautiful scenery, but also to taste fresh lotus seeds and take home handmade lotus root starch, organic lotus seeds, and lotus tea leaves produced by our cooperative," he says.

\n

The wetlands are one of nature's precious gifts to Wangjiangjing. Since 2009, the town has leveraged its natural environment to develop a thriving wetland agriculture centered on lotus root, building a robust lotus industry.

\n

Lotus thrives in warm, humid environments, tolerates waterlogging, and offers value in each part of the plant: the flowers are ornamental while the roots and seeds are prized for their culinary and medicinal uses.

\n

The economic benefits of lotus farming have encouraged many villagers to participate, including Yao.

\n

However, his journey with lotus plants wasn't always idyllic.

\n

After years of growing lotus root, he began facing an invisible but persistent challenge — the soil, worn down from long-term cultivation, showed signs of fatigue, and the crops grew increasingly prone to disease.

\n

"The land was tired. The lotus root wasn't growing as it used to," Yao recalls.

\n

However, during a study trip organized by the local government, Yao's path took a turn. In 2015, he and his fellow farmers learned about new varieties of lotus that were being cultivated not just for their roots, but for seeds and flowers too.

\n

"Our old fields were no longer suitable for lotus root," Yao explains, "so I decided to try the new varieties to see if I could grow lotus seeds."

\n

At first, it was purely for practical reasons. The dry lotus seeds, used in traditional Chinese desserts like eight-treasure porridge, were harvested and processed for sale.

\n

"I didn't think of selling flowers at the time," he says with a chuckle. "A few friends asked for some blooms as gifts, so I gave them away."

\n

Five years later, in 2020, the flower side of his business began to show real promise.

\n

Yao began to receive the occasional flower order.

\n

By 2023, demand exploded thanks to an unexpected moment of online fame. A video of an elderly man carrying two baskets of lotus flowers on a shoulder pole went viral on Douyin, China's version of TikTok.

\n

"That's when it really took off," Yao says. "Suddenly, everyone wanted a piece of the lotus field."

\n

To cater to market demand, Yao has grown 350 mu (23.3 hectares) of ornamental lotus fields.

\n

"This year, we're growing 16 varieties across four major color palettes, including single and double-petaled blooms," Yao explains. "The earliest varieties started blooming in May, and we'll be harvesting through October."

\n

Not all lotus flowers are created equal, though; some fetch significantly higher prices. The Guanyin Lotus, for example, is a tightly-budded, double-petaled variety that requires a gentle hand to coax it open, earning it the nickname "pet flower" among growers.

\n

Yao's fresh-cut lotus flowers are sold on site and distributed to major flower markets in Shanghai, as well as in Hangzhou and Jiaxing in Zhejiang.

\n

Currently, the cooperative ships around 2,500 stems daily. Preliminary estimates show that one mu of ornamental lotus can generate revenue between 6,000 and 8,000 ($835-$1,114) yuan, far more profitable than lotus root farming.

\n

Despite the growing success of his flower business, Yao still cultivates 86.7 hectares of lotus root, which he says maximizes the use of land and "nothing goes to waste".

\n

To date, Wangjiangjing has nearly 666.7 hectares of lotus cultivation, with its annual output value reaching approximately 150 million yuan, says Liu Qixun, deputy head of the town.

\n

Across town is one specialized lotus marketing cooperative, three lotus processing enterprises, and more than 60 lotus-growing households.

\n

Beyond lotus flowers and roots, the two core products, Wangjiangjing's thriving lotus industry has sparked the development of a wide range of spin-off goods, from lotus root starch and sweet braised lotus to wonton wrappers, herbal lotus leaf tea, drinks, and lotus-flavored noodles.

\n

Li Xiuying, chair of a local agricultural technology company, says it partnered with a major food company to produce lotus root starch wonton wrappers.

\n

They're springy, translucent, and offer the distinct flavor of Jiangnan (the southern regions of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River). Consumers love them, Li says.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_008_689fafafed50ccabe1517a76.htm#008LIFE", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "01c8a45a177675807097d4e70a311bd9", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "009LIFE - Reflections of a mastermind", + "description": "
\n

Shaped like a traditional Chinese stringed instrument, and mirrored in the water to give it a circular appearance, the Music on the River project, designed by Peter Guo-hua Fu in Hengqin, Guangdong province, is a landmark in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

\n

The Stories Behind 100 Designs at the 2025 Shanghai Book Fair.

\n

Fu's architectural sculpture Memories of the Valley: Golden Home on display at the Shanghai Oriental Art Center in May last year.

\n

Fu received the Shanghai Magnolia Silver Award in September 2021.

\n

For Chinese Canadian architect Peter Guo-hua Fu, his career has always revolved around two passions: designing buildings and promoting the public's understanding of them. Fu has been in charge of design for 100 building projects worldwide since founding KFS Architects Inc Canada in 2001; and in order to promote architecture, he has spent the past decade exploring ways to merge architecture with music, dance, sculpture, painting, and other art forms — creating what he calls "a grand visual art based on architecture design".

\n

This energetic architect is still pushing boundaries to make architecture more accessible. His recent bilingual book, The Stories Behind 100 Designs, and an architecture-themed game titled Image of Space, set to launch later this year, are just the latest examples.

\n

The book, published in July in China, is jointly written by the 62-year-old architect and his son Richard. It depicts the stories behind the architecture of 100 buildings he designed since founding KFS Architects.

\n

"You could say I'm a child of my time. I happened to be working during a period of rapid economic growth in China, and I was fortunate to be involved in the design of many airport terminals and office buildings. Since 2001, I have been in charge of the design for 100 architectural projects. If you count each project as five buildings on average, that's about 500 buildings in total," he says.

\n

Regarding Shanghai as his muse, Fu says nearly half of these projects, involving more than 200 buildings, are scattered across the city.

\n

"Shanghai is my hometown, where I was born and learned my early grounding in architecture. It was in Shanghai that I first developed my passion for the field," he says.

\n

Fu says his connection with architecture began in childhood.

\n

"I would sit by the window, counting the red bricks on the buildings opposite my home. I also fondly remember accompanying my father to meet his business partners near the Bund, where I admired the views both inside and outside those beautiful buildings," he recalls.

\n

It was because of these experiences that, in 1980, he became an undergraduate student at Shanghai's Tongji University, majoring in architectural design and urban planning. After working for two years at Shenzhen University in Guangdong province, he returned to Tongji University as a postgraduate student in 1986, and further pursued a doctorate in architecture in 1989.

\n

"Shanghai is truly my blessed place. I came from Shanghai, and finally I returned. I spend most of my time here, and my greatest achievements have happened here too," he says.

\n

In 2021, Fu received the Shanghai Magnolia Silver Award, given to outstanding foreigners for their significant contributions to the city's development and international exchanges.

\n

"Maybe it's because I've contributed to shaping Shanghai's skyline," he suggests.

\n

In 1990, he was granted a full scholarship by McGill University's School of Architecture, and started his studying and working in Canada. He founded KFS Architects, operating an architectural design business in both China and Canada.

\n

His contribution to architecture was equally recognized in Canada. In September 2017, McGill University permanently named its School of Architecture, with a history of more than 120 years, as the Peter Guo-hua Fu School of Architecture.

\n

"Peter Guo-hua Fu is an outstanding architect, as well as a contributor to the friendship and cooperation between China and Canada," said Peng Jingtao, then consul general of China in Montreal, during the ceremony.

\n

"He received good education in both China and Canada. His Canada-based company grew rapidly in China. Fu's success has fully demonstrated the broad prospects for cooperation in education, business and trade between China and Canada," Peng said.

\n

Asked about his future plans, Fu says he will continue his pursuits in grand visual art.

\n

"The 100 architectural stories are a reflection of my 25-year-long work and a contribution to the idea that cities have warmth. I believed that architecture can be read, and can also be expressed through theater, dance, sculpture and painting. This is the beginning of my journey into grand architecture, grand art, and grand visual storytelling," he wrote in his book's preface.

\n

In the past decade, he has integrated architecture with a variety of art forms. In 2014, 2016, and 2017, he created a series of architecture-themed musicals, including Memories of the Valley, My Albert, and Exchange Students. In 2024, his architectural sculpture Memories of the Valley: Golden Home was displayed at the Shanghai Oriental Art Center.

\n

By the end of this year, he plans to launch an architecture-themed game aimed at reaching a wider audience, especially Generation Z. The game's goal is to popularize architectural design, culture, ideas and creativity.

\n

"Honestly, I've probably never done anything else in my life. I've been dedicated to architecture and sharing it with others — and I'm truly happy to have embraced this path," he says.

\n

Contact the writer at wang_ying@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "content": "
\n

Shaped like a traditional Chinese stringed instrument, and mirrored in the water to give it a circular appearance, the Music on the River project, designed by Peter Guo-hua Fu in Hengqin, Guangdong province, is a landmark in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

\n

The Stories Behind 100 Designs at the 2025 Shanghai Book Fair.

\n

Fu's architectural sculpture Memories of the Valley: Golden Home on display at the Shanghai Oriental Art Center in May last year.

\n

Fu received the Shanghai Magnolia Silver Award in September 2021.

\n

For Chinese Canadian architect Peter Guo-hua Fu, his career has always revolved around two passions: designing buildings and promoting the public's understanding of them. Fu has been in charge of design for 100 building projects worldwide since founding KFS Architects Inc Canada in 2001; and in order to promote architecture, he has spent the past decade exploring ways to merge architecture with music, dance, sculpture, painting, and other art forms — creating what he calls "a grand visual art based on architecture design".

\n

This energetic architect is still pushing boundaries to make architecture more accessible. His recent bilingual book, The Stories Behind 100 Designs, and an architecture-themed game titled Image of Space, set to launch later this year, are just the latest examples.

\n

The book, published in July in China, is jointly written by the 62-year-old architect and his son Richard. It depicts the stories behind the architecture of 100 buildings he designed since founding KFS Architects.

\n

"You could say I'm a child of my time. I happened to be working during a period of rapid economic growth in China, and I was fortunate to be involved in the design of many airport terminals and office buildings. Since 2001, I have been in charge of the design for 100 architectural projects. If you count each project as five buildings on average, that's about 500 buildings in total," he says.

\n

Regarding Shanghai as his muse, Fu says nearly half of these projects, involving more than 200 buildings, are scattered across the city.

\n

"Shanghai is my hometown, where I was born and learned my early grounding in architecture. It was in Shanghai that I first developed my passion for the field," he says.

\n

Fu says his connection with architecture began in childhood.

\n

"I would sit by the window, counting the red bricks on the buildings opposite my home. I also fondly remember accompanying my father to meet his business partners near the Bund, where I admired the views both inside and outside those beautiful buildings," he recalls.

\n

It was because of these experiences that, in 1980, he became an undergraduate student at Shanghai's Tongji University, majoring in architectural design and urban planning. After working for two years at Shenzhen University in Guangdong province, he returned to Tongji University as a postgraduate student in 1986, and further pursued a doctorate in architecture in 1989.

\n

"Shanghai is truly my blessed place. I came from Shanghai, and finally I returned. I spend most of my time here, and my greatest achievements have happened here too," he says.

\n

In 2021, Fu received the Shanghai Magnolia Silver Award, given to outstanding foreigners for their significant contributions to the city's development and international exchanges.

\n

"Maybe it's because I've contributed to shaping Shanghai's skyline," he suggests.

\n

In 1990, he was granted a full scholarship by McGill University's School of Architecture, and started his studying and working in Canada. He founded KFS Architects, operating an architectural design business in both China and Canada.

\n

His contribution to architecture was equally recognized in Canada. In September 2017, McGill University permanently named its School of Architecture, with a history of more than 120 years, as the Peter Guo-hua Fu School of Architecture.

\n

"Peter Guo-hua Fu is an outstanding architect, as well as a contributor to the friendship and cooperation between China and Canada," said Peng Jingtao, then consul general of China in Montreal, during the ceremony.

\n

"He received good education in both China and Canada. His Canada-based company grew rapidly in China. Fu's success has fully demonstrated the broad prospects for cooperation in education, business and trade between China and Canada," Peng said.

\n

Asked about his future plans, Fu says he will continue his pursuits in grand visual art.

\n

"The 100 architectural stories are a reflection of my 25-year-long work and a contribution to the idea that cities have warmth. I believed that architecture can be read, and can also be expressed through theater, dance, sculpture and painting. This is the beginning of my journey into grand architecture, grand art, and grand visual storytelling," he wrote in his book's preface.

\n

In the past decade, he has integrated architecture with a variety of art forms. In 2014, 2016, and 2017, he created a series of architecture-themed musicals, including Memories of the Valley, My Albert, and Exchange Students. In 2024, his architectural sculpture Memories of the Valley: Golden Home was displayed at the Shanghai Oriental Art Center.

\n

By the end of this year, he plans to launch an architecture-themed game aimed at reaching a wider audience, especially Generation Z. The game's goal is to popularize architectural design, culture, ideas and creativity.

\n

"Honestly, I've probably never done anything else in my life. I've been dedicated to architecture and sharing it with others — and I'm truly happy to have embraced this path," he says.

\n

Contact the writer at wang_ying@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_009_689fafb3ed50ccabe1517a77.htm#009LIFE", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "861833e055827af72e0284194e35533d", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "009LIFE - Camp fosters global passion for ancient structures", + "description": "

International volunteers participate in a summer camp on architectural heritage conservation in Shanxi province's Pingyao Ancient City.

\n

TAIYUAN — Amid the scorching summer heat of North China, 17 Chinese and international volunteers huddle beside the gatehouse of an ancient residence in the historic Pingyao county of Shanxi province, carefully restoring bricks under the watchful guidance of seasoned professionals.

\n

From Aug 1 to Wednesday, the Shanghai Ruan Yisan Heritage Foundation, together with Pingyao county, hosted a volunteer camp focused on architectural heritage conservation in Dongquan village, a traditional settlement in northern China.

\n

Over two weeks, the volunteers helped restore the gatehouse and surrounding walls of the centuries-old residence under the guidance of master craftsmen.

\n

They visited the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Pingyao Ancient City, as well as historic landmarks like Shuanglin Temple and Zhenguo Temple. The itinerary included meeting inheritors of local intangible cultural heritage, from traditional puppet performers to artisans of Pingyao's famed lacquerware craft.

\n

Of the 17 participants, six were from France. Leading the French group was 26-year-old Aurore Franche, a model with a deep passion for cultural heritage preservation. She saw it as a tangible link to the past, and joined the program to gain firsthand experience with traditional Chinese craftsmanship.

\n

"Chinese architecture is so beautiful, especially the incredible mortise and tenon structure," she says. "It's amazing how the pieces fit together so securely without glue or nails. That reflects the wisdom of ancient Chinese builders."

\n

Sara Zuniga, a university student from Mexico with a longstanding fascination for history, says her studies are fueled by a desire to understand the brilliance of past civilizations.

\n

"Unfortunately, many of Mexico's historical sites are damaged over time as development progresses. This makes me feel regretful and motivates me even more to protect what remains," she adds.

\n

For Zuniga, China — halfway across the globe — always seemed mysterious and captivating. "Before coming here, my impression of China was limited to what I had seen in films and reports from Western media. I wanted to see this ancient country for myself."

\n

At the restoration site, a young man fluent in Chinese soon caught the attention of fellow volunteers. Herwann Rocrou, 23, an archaeology student from France and an avid Sinology enthusiast, spends his spare time studying Chinese and has traveled to cities such as Shanghai and Suzhou, Jiangsu province. He has also explored ancient Chinese cultures, including the Yangshao culture and the Shang (c. 16th century-11th century BC) and Zhou (c. 11th century–256 BC) dynasties.

\n

He says he joined the Pingyao volunteer program to deepen his understanding of how traditional Chinese architecture is preserved and restored. "I love Chinese history and culture, and it's my dream to one day live in China with my girlfriend."

\n

During the program, international volunteers teamed up with skilled masons in Dongquan village, a nationally recognized historic site.

\n

They also visited ancient structures and relics in Liangcun village and explored Pingyao at night, one of China's best-preserved and inhabited ancient walled cities.

\n

According to Ding Feng, secretary general of the Ruan Yisan Heritage Foundation, the organization has held 48 volunteer camps across Shanxi, Guizhou, Fujian, Yunnan and other provinces since 2010.

\n

More than half of these activities have taken place in Shanxi, a province famous for its ancient architecture and home to over 28,000 historic structures. Nearly 1,000 international volunteers have taken part in the initiative over the past 15 years.

\n

"Our goal is to give the public, particularly young people, more opportunities to get directly involved in heritage protection," Ding says. "By working with their hands, they form a physical connection to traditional architecture, which deepens their emotional ties and sparks greater enthusiasm, initiative, and awareness for preserving cultural heritage."

\n

", + "content": "

International volunteers participate in a summer camp on architectural heritage conservation in Shanxi province's Pingyao Ancient City.

\n

TAIYUAN — Amid the scorching summer heat of North China, 17 Chinese and international volunteers huddle beside the gatehouse of an ancient residence in the historic Pingyao county of Shanxi province, carefully restoring bricks under the watchful guidance of seasoned professionals.

\n

From Aug 1 to Wednesday, the Shanghai Ruan Yisan Heritage Foundation, together with Pingyao county, hosted a volunteer camp focused on architectural heritage conservation in Dongquan village, a traditional settlement in northern China.

\n

Over two weeks, the volunteers helped restore the gatehouse and surrounding walls of the centuries-old residence under the guidance of master craftsmen.

\n

They visited the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Pingyao Ancient City, as well as historic landmarks like Shuanglin Temple and Zhenguo Temple. The itinerary included meeting inheritors of local intangible cultural heritage, from traditional puppet performers to artisans of Pingyao's famed lacquerware craft.

\n

Of the 17 participants, six were from France. Leading the French group was 26-year-old Aurore Franche, a model with a deep passion for cultural heritage preservation. She saw it as a tangible link to the past, and joined the program to gain firsthand experience with traditional Chinese craftsmanship.

\n

"Chinese architecture is so beautiful, especially the incredible mortise and tenon structure," she says. "It's amazing how the pieces fit together so securely without glue or nails. That reflects the wisdom of ancient Chinese builders."

\n

Sara Zuniga, a university student from Mexico with a longstanding fascination for history, says her studies are fueled by a desire to understand the brilliance of past civilizations.

\n

"Unfortunately, many of Mexico's historical sites are damaged over time as development progresses. This makes me feel regretful and motivates me even more to protect what remains," she adds.

\n

For Zuniga, China — halfway across the globe — always seemed mysterious and captivating. "Before coming here, my impression of China was limited to what I had seen in films and reports from Western media. I wanted to see this ancient country for myself."

\n

At the restoration site, a young man fluent in Chinese soon caught the attention of fellow volunteers. Herwann Rocrou, 23, an archaeology student from France and an avid Sinology enthusiast, spends his spare time studying Chinese and has traveled to cities such as Shanghai and Suzhou, Jiangsu province. He has also explored ancient Chinese cultures, including the Yangshao culture and the Shang (c. 16th century-11th century BC) and Zhou (c. 11th century–256 BC) dynasties.

\n

He says he joined the Pingyao volunteer program to deepen his understanding of how traditional Chinese architecture is preserved and restored. "I love Chinese history and culture, and it's my dream to one day live in China with my girlfriend."

\n

During the program, international volunteers teamed up with skilled masons in Dongquan village, a nationally recognized historic site.

\n

They also visited ancient structures and relics in Liangcun village and explored Pingyao at night, one of China's best-preserved and inhabited ancient walled cities.

\n

According to Ding Feng, secretary general of the Ruan Yisan Heritage Foundation, the organization has held 48 volunteer camps across Shanxi, Guizhou, Fujian, Yunnan and other provinces since 2010.

\n

More than half of these activities have taken place in Shanxi, a province famous for its ancient architecture and home to over 28,000 historic structures. Nearly 1,000 international volunteers have taken part in the initiative over the past 15 years.

\n

"Our goal is to give the public, particularly young people, more opportunities to get directly involved in heritage protection," Ding says. "By working with their hands, they form a physical connection to traditional architecture, which deepens their emotional ties and sparks greater enthusiasm, initiative, and awareness for preserving cultural heritage."

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_009_689fafb7ed50ccabe1517a78.htm#009LIFE", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "952b4f48af4f95a917bd443942021df5", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "010LIFE - FRAMING the PAST", + "description": "

Mike Emery's photos on display at the exhibition Nice to Meet You in Shanghai offer a panoramic view of the daily lives of Chinese people in 1980. 1. People stroll on the frozen lake at the Summer Palace in Beijing.

\n

2. The frozen waterway is a popular playground for Beijing residents.

\n

3. Blue is the dominant color of people's clothing, and bicycles are a common sight on the streets.

\n

4. A group of children on their way to school in Shanghai.

\n

A boy plays with a balloon in Beijing in 1980.

\n

Mike Emery's colleague roller-skates across the Waibaidu Bridge in Shanghai in 1980.

\n

In front of Emery's camera, children exhibit a mix of curiosity and shyness in their eyes.

\n

A boy stretches out his hands with a big smile.

\n

Emery meets Lili again in 2019, almost 40 years after he took the girl's photo.

\n

In the early spring of 1980, Mike Emery stepped onto the land of China for the very first time. As a crew member of a cruise ship and a photographer, Emery, 23, wandered with a camera through the streets and captured images of people's daily lives in several major cities such as Shanghai, Beijing and Tianjin, framing many vibrant and colorful moments that are now gradually fading with time.

\n

Born in Staffordshire, England, and later settling down in Sydney, Australia, Emery vividly remembers his first trip to China 45 years ago, which he describes as exciting, lucky, and full of new discoveries.

\n

At that time, Emery got a job on a new cruise ship based in Japan that was heading to China. Over the course of about three months, he participated in seven cruise trips, making him one of the first foreign tourists to visit the nation since its reform and opening-up. He randomly captured scenes of daily lives during China's early transformative era.

\n

His photography book, China 1980, was published in 2019, and an exhibition, Nice to Meet You, running until Tuesday in Shanghai, displays over 100 photos from the book.

\n

"When our ship first docked at the port city of Tianjin, we didn't know what to expect, but it was like a carnival. There was an air of excitement, complete with flags, streamers and a marching band to greet us," Emery writes in the book.

\n

He clearly stood out at that time as a foreigner with fair hair, wearing colorful clothes and carrying a strange object — as many people had not seen such a camera before. Emery was curious about the nation and its residents.

\n

"Groups of up to 50 people would surround me, wanting to speak English, all supremely curious. They were all invariably polite and would ask, 'Excuse me, may I practice my English?'" writes Emery.

\n

Yet, language did not stop Emery from exploring the streets or diving into the crowds. He would put on a big smile, pull funny faces, stick his tongue out, or lie on his back in the middle of the street, trying to stimulate some kind of reaction.

\n

That was how Emery captured one of his highlighted photos during the trip — a boy stretching out his hands to the photographer with a big smile as if to say, "nice to meet you".

\n

Children make up a large part of Emery's photos. Through his lens, he captured children playing on the streets, as well as groups of children he encountered at a kindergarten or on their way to school, most giving him a smile and wave.

\n

"When you look at the laughing faces of these children, you can see the innocence in their eyes. There is no sense of stress. Life was simple. Pure happiness seems to erupt from the smiles of these beautiful people," says Emery.

\n

"They are wonderful subjects to photograph, and their characters shine through these pages. You will see … the way their stance evokes a sense of pride, both personal and cultural."

\n

The photographer noted that children everywhere in 1980 were dressed in brightly colored clothes, a distinct difference to the shades of blue, brown and khaki then worn by their parents and elders.

\n

It was a time when the nation was on the verge of dramatic changes. Emery's evocative imagery not only documents the vibrancy of Chinese street life, but also plays a crucial role in preserving memories of those days and Chinese culture for future generations.

\n

"The pace of life in China's cities in 1980, as I observed it, was steady. There was a calmness that was foreign to me. The bicycles weaved along the streets, and the buses meandered slowly. There was no hustle and bustle or sense of rush hour," says the photographer.

\n

During his trips to China, Emery observed and captured changes in the general appearance of society. He saw people start to become more individual, expressing themselves with new clothes and more adventurous hairstyles. Luxury goods, such as black-and-white TVs, started to appear in the shop windows in Shanghai, all signaling a complete change on the horizon.

\n

It was long after Emery's cruise trip days ended that he realized the significance of these old photos. There are very few photographs — especially in color — available from that period dedicated to people going about their daily lives. He hopes these photos can provide an insight into Chinese society in 1980 and by comparison, help people know how much it has changed since.

\n

Emery came back to China in 2019. When he stepped off the plane and got to see the brand-new country, he could hardly believe his eyes. More incredibly, shortly after the publishing of his book, he even unexpectedly reconnected to two girls featured in his photos taken 45 years ago.

\n

Still keeping over 300 photos of those trips in 1980, Emery says the people in the photos are the important ones who contributed to building China into what it is today. In a time when cameras or canvas were not common, such photos became the real records of their past and lives.

\n

"I think it is important for people nowadays to see these photos and learn about the stories, as they bring back memories that are fading," he says.

\n

With photos as the bond, the Australian photographer also aims to foster a deeper understanding and appreciation between Australian and Chinese people and cultures.

\n

Shi Hantao, curator of the exhibition, says: "As a traveler, Emery had no obligations for news reporting or publishing, nor did he need to maintain objectivity. His camera served as a tool to greet and converse with the strangers he met in China. In other words, what he captured was more about the encounter itself than any specific object."

\n

After Shanghai, the photo exhibition will travel to Suzhou in Jiangsu province and then continue to other cities.

\n

Contact the writer at wangxin2@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

If you go

\n

10 am-9 pm, until Tuesday.

\n

Fujifilm X-Space, 398 Huaihai Road (M), Huangpu district, Shanghai.

\n

", + "content": "

Mike Emery's photos on display at the exhibition Nice to Meet You in Shanghai offer a panoramic view of the daily lives of Chinese people in 1980. 1. People stroll on the frozen lake at the Summer Palace in Beijing.

\n

2. The frozen waterway is a popular playground for Beijing residents.

\n

3. Blue is the dominant color of people's clothing, and bicycles are a common sight on the streets.

\n

4. A group of children on their way to school in Shanghai.

\n

A boy plays with a balloon in Beijing in 1980.

\n

Mike Emery's colleague roller-skates across the Waibaidu Bridge in Shanghai in 1980.

\n

In front of Emery's camera, children exhibit a mix of curiosity and shyness in their eyes.

\n

A boy stretches out his hands with a big smile.

\n

Emery meets Lili again in 2019, almost 40 years after he took the girl's photo.

\n

In the early spring of 1980, Mike Emery stepped onto the land of China for the very first time. As a crew member of a cruise ship and a photographer, Emery, 23, wandered with a camera through the streets and captured images of people's daily lives in several major cities such as Shanghai, Beijing and Tianjin, framing many vibrant and colorful moments that are now gradually fading with time.

\n

Born in Staffordshire, England, and later settling down in Sydney, Australia, Emery vividly remembers his first trip to China 45 years ago, which he describes as exciting, lucky, and full of new discoveries.

\n

At that time, Emery got a job on a new cruise ship based in Japan that was heading to China. Over the course of about three months, he participated in seven cruise trips, making him one of the first foreign tourists to visit the nation since its reform and opening-up. He randomly captured scenes of daily lives during China's early transformative era.

\n

His photography book, China 1980, was published in 2019, and an exhibition, Nice to Meet You, running until Tuesday in Shanghai, displays over 100 photos from the book.

\n

"When our ship first docked at the port city of Tianjin, we didn't know what to expect, but it was like a carnival. There was an air of excitement, complete with flags, streamers and a marching band to greet us," Emery writes in the book.

\n

He clearly stood out at that time as a foreigner with fair hair, wearing colorful clothes and carrying a strange object — as many people had not seen such a camera before. Emery was curious about the nation and its residents.

\n

"Groups of up to 50 people would surround me, wanting to speak English, all supremely curious. They were all invariably polite and would ask, 'Excuse me, may I practice my English?'" writes Emery.

\n

Yet, language did not stop Emery from exploring the streets or diving into the crowds. He would put on a big smile, pull funny faces, stick his tongue out, or lie on his back in the middle of the street, trying to stimulate some kind of reaction.

\n

That was how Emery captured one of his highlighted photos during the trip — a boy stretching out his hands to the photographer with a big smile as if to say, "nice to meet you".

\n

Children make up a large part of Emery's photos. Through his lens, he captured children playing on the streets, as well as groups of children he encountered at a kindergarten or on their way to school, most giving him a smile and wave.

\n

"When you look at the laughing faces of these children, you can see the innocence in their eyes. There is no sense of stress. Life was simple. Pure happiness seems to erupt from the smiles of these beautiful people," says Emery.

\n

"They are wonderful subjects to photograph, and their characters shine through these pages. You will see … the way their stance evokes a sense of pride, both personal and cultural."

\n

The photographer noted that children everywhere in 1980 were dressed in brightly colored clothes, a distinct difference to the shades of blue, brown and khaki then worn by their parents and elders.

\n

It was a time when the nation was on the verge of dramatic changes. Emery's evocative imagery not only documents the vibrancy of Chinese street life, but also plays a crucial role in preserving memories of those days and Chinese culture for future generations.

\n

"The pace of life in China's cities in 1980, as I observed it, was steady. There was a calmness that was foreign to me. The bicycles weaved along the streets, and the buses meandered slowly. There was no hustle and bustle or sense of rush hour," says the photographer.

\n

During his trips to China, Emery observed and captured changes in the general appearance of society. He saw people start to become more individual, expressing themselves with new clothes and more adventurous hairstyles. Luxury goods, such as black-and-white TVs, started to appear in the shop windows in Shanghai, all signaling a complete change on the horizon.

\n

It was long after Emery's cruise trip days ended that he realized the significance of these old photos. There are very few photographs — especially in color — available from that period dedicated to people going about their daily lives. He hopes these photos can provide an insight into Chinese society in 1980 and by comparison, help people know how much it has changed since.

\n

Emery came back to China in 2019. When he stepped off the plane and got to see the brand-new country, he could hardly believe his eyes. More incredibly, shortly after the publishing of his book, he even unexpectedly reconnected to two girls featured in his photos taken 45 years ago.

\n

Still keeping over 300 photos of those trips in 1980, Emery says the people in the photos are the important ones who contributed to building China into what it is today. In a time when cameras or canvas were not common, such photos became the real records of their past and lives.

\n

"I think it is important for people nowadays to see these photos and learn about the stories, as they bring back memories that are fading," he says.

\n

With photos as the bond, the Australian photographer also aims to foster a deeper understanding and appreciation between Australian and Chinese people and cultures.

\n

Shi Hantao, curator of the exhibition, says: "As a traveler, Emery had no obligations for news reporting or publishing, nor did he need to maintain objectivity. His camera served as a tool to greet and converse with the strangers he met in China. In other words, what he captured was more about the encounter itself than any specific object."

\n

After Shanghai, the photo exhibition will travel to Suzhou in Jiangsu province and then continue to other cities.

\n

Contact the writer at wangxin2@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

If you go

\n

10 am-9 pm, until Tuesday.

\n

Fujifilm X-Space, 398 Huaihai Road (M), Huangpu district, Shanghai.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_010_689fafbbed50ccabe1517a79.htm#010LIFE", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "d1af7e6c50f98b0148c40f5cc878bd13", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "010LIFE - Chengdu 'bears' in mind many benefits of panda policy", + "description": "

The Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding draws a big crowd during the summer vacation.

\n

CHENGDU — In the lush enclosures of the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 50-year-old researcher James Edward Ayala leans in to observe 2-year-old panda cub Rong Shuo, whose name translates to "Shining Chengdu".

\n

With gentle precision, he measures the cub's paw size, part of a study tracking male pandas' development.

\n

"I love working with him. … It's kind of symbolic of my relationship with the city," says Ayala, who has spent 15 years in Chengdu, Southwest China's Sichuan province.

\n

For the US researcher, pandas aren't just animals; they're bridges between cultures, science and people.

\n

Ayala, a recipient of China's prestigious friendship award and a torchbearer for the 2025 Chengdu World Games, embodies the global collaboration behind panda conservation.

\n

His journey, from a New York zookeeper to a contributor in China's panda research, mirrors the species' transformation — from an endangered animal to a cross-border cultural ambassador.

\n

When Ayala first arrived in China in 2010, giant pandas were classified as "endangered". Today, their status has improved to "vulnerable", with wild populations rebounding from 1,100 in the 1980s to nearly 1,900 last year, according to data released at the Global Panda Partners 2024 conference.

\n

China's efforts, including the launch of the Giant Panda National Park, are massive milestones for conservation, and it shows how committed the government is to conserving its wildlife, he says, noting the Chinese government's increasing funding in research, national parks, and agreements to United Nations regulations regarding environmental laws.

\n

Today, 757 pandas thrive in global breeding programs, and this progress isn't confined to China. "Conservation to me is no longer the responsibility of a single country," says Ayala, citing international cooperation between the Chengdu base, the US National Zoo and Japan's Adventure World as vivid examples.

\n

"We have great relations with our partners. We exchange scientists and benefit from different aspects of conservation work."

\n

Pandas transcend cultures, according to Ayala. He recalls a recent tour he led for German athlete Marcel Hassemeier, a multiple World Games champion and fellow torchbearer for the Chengdu World Games. Hassemeier spent hours discussing panda anatomy and physiology with Ayala.

\n

"It's interesting to see celebrities drawn to the science behind the cuteness," says the researcher.

\n

Li Desheng, chief expert at China's Giant Panda Conservation Research Center, echoes this sentiment: "Giant pandas are one of China's best business cards. Overseas netizens know them intimately and dream of visiting Sichuan to see them."

\n

Beyond their diplomatic role, pandas have spawned a vibrant ecosystem spanning tourism, cultural creativity and innovation. Chengdu's panda base draws 10 million annual visitors, fueling a bustling local industry, from panda-shaped pastries to high-tech souvenirs.

\n

Hua Hua, a cub beloved for her endearing clumsiness, has 564,000 followers on Sina Weibo. Her lifelike dolls sell for 1,000 yuan ($139) each, with sales surpassing 3,000 units.

\n

", + "content": "

The Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding draws a big crowd during the summer vacation.

\n

CHENGDU — In the lush enclosures of the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 50-year-old researcher James Edward Ayala leans in to observe 2-year-old panda cub Rong Shuo, whose name translates to "Shining Chengdu".

\n

With gentle precision, he measures the cub's paw size, part of a study tracking male pandas' development.

\n

"I love working with him. … It's kind of symbolic of my relationship with the city," says Ayala, who has spent 15 years in Chengdu, Southwest China's Sichuan province.

\n

For the US researcher, pandas aren't just animals; they're bridges between cultures, science and people.

\n

Ayala, a recipient of China's prestigious friendship award and a torchbearer for the 2025 Chengdu World Games, embodies the global collaboration behind panda conservation.

\n

His journey, from a New York zookeeper to a contributor in China's panda research, mirrors the species' transformation — from an endangered animal to a cross-border cultural ambassador.

\n

When Ayala first arrived in China in 2010, giant pandas were classified as "endangered". Today, their status has improved to "vulnerable", with wild populations rebounding from 1,100 in the 1980s to nearly 1,900 last year, according to data released at the Global Panda Partners 2024 conference.

\n

China's efforts, including the launch of the Giant Panda National Park, are massive milestones for conservation, and it shows how committed the government is to conserving its wildlife, he says, noting the Chinese government's increasing funding in research, national parks, and agreements to United Nations regulations regarding environmental laws.

\n

Today, 757 pandas thrive in global breeding programs, and this progress isn't confined to China. "Conservation to me is no longer the responsibility of a single country," says Ayala, citing international cooperation between the Chengdu base, the US National Zoo and Japan's Adventure World as vivid examples.

\n

"We have great relations with our partners. We exchange scientists and benefit from different aspects of conservation work."

\n

Pandas transcend cultures, according to Ayala. He recalls a recent tour he led for German athlete Marcel Hassemeier, a multiple World Games champion and fellow torchbearer for the Chengdu World Games. Hassemeier spent hours discussing panda anatomy and physiology with Ayala.

\n

"It's interesting to see celebrities drawn to the science behind the cuteness," says the researcher.

\n

Li Desheng, chief expert at China's Giant Panda Conservation Research Center, echoes this sentiment: "Giant pandas are one of China's best business cards. Overseas netizens know them intimately and dream of visiting Sichuan to see them."

\n

Beyond their diplomatic role, pandas have spawned a vibrant ecosystem spanning tourism, cultural creativity and innovation. Chengdu's panda base draws 10 million annual visitors, fueling a bustling local industry, from panda-shaped pastries to high-tech souvenirs.

\n

Hua Hua, a cub beloved for her endearing clumsiness, has 564,000 followers on Sina Weibo. Her lifelike dolls sell for 1,000 yuan ($139) each, with sales surpassing 3,000 units.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_010_689fafbfed50ccabe1517a7a.htm#010LIFE", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "eb33b8f0c48db2670e0078b82194db42", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "011CULTURE - A dream destination", + "description": "

Online Scan the code to watch the video.

\n

\n

A scene from Real and Illusory, one of the three acts in the Unique Dream of Red Mansion complex.

\n

A classic moment from the novel A Dream of Red Mansions is recreated.

\n

Jia Baoyu's wedding at the Readers' Theater.

\n

A performance at the Readers' Theater.

\n

Wang Chaoge is the general planner, director, and playwright of the Unique Dream of Red Mansion complex.

\n

Visitors can watch the performances while lying in bed at the Bed Theater.

\n

You've heard the phrase: "getting lost in a good book". Well, thanks to ingenious architecture, bold artistic devices and carefully-designed theaters, Unique Dream of Red Mansion in Langfang, Hebei province, enables fans of the eponymous Chinese classic to do — literally — just that.

\n

The novel written by Cao Xueqin, A Dream of Red Mansions, is an epic work that holds a mirror up to Chinese society during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), set against the backdrop of the rise and fall in the fortunes of four influential families. Told from the perspective of a tragic, but wealthy young man, Jia Baoyu, it depicts life through a mixture of reality and dreams.

\n

Inspired by the novel's philosophy, Wang Chaoge, as general planner, director, and playwright, built Unique Dream of Red Mansion to be a fusion of literature, architecture, technology and memory. She believes there are no words to describe what she has created, adding that even "dreamland" doesn't cover its scope.

\n

The ambitious project, funded by ENN Group, officially opened on July 23, 2023, and is now celebrating its second anniversary. The arts complex is located approximately 40 kilometers southeast of Beijing and is adjacent to the Beijing Daxing International Airport Economic Zone, allowing Wang ample space to make her sprawling vision a reality.

\n

"I want to bewilder visitors, and to keep everyone guessing what this place really is. I want to make you feel as if you've never seen anything like it," Wang explains.

\n

"I aim to shatter your preconceptions. For here, a new genre is born, one that, unless you witness it, defies all imagination; a place beyond mental sketching. Before its conception, no one ever merged theaters into a drama settlement cluster on such a scale."

\n

The Unique Dream of Red Mansion is a labyrinth of 108 spaces and 21 immersive performances, where audiences drift between reality and illusion, past and present.

\n

According to the latest figures, the complex has been in continuous operation for 730 days, attracting over 2 million visitors and staging more than 21,000 immersive performances. During this year's summer vacation, visitor traffic sees an increase of about 60 percent.

\n

The scenes and elements are inspired by the novel, with each location given a poetic name from the book, touching the audience's senses through the shifting currents of an epic that has haunted Chinese hearts for centuries.

\n

Wang spent nearly eight years bringing this project to life. As a keen lover of the novel, Wang believes it's not merely a book to be staged, but an infinite canvas. "Everyone has his own interpretation of A Dream of Red Mansions," Wang adds.

\n

"It is the dream you read, but never finish."

\n

The performances within the complex unfold along two intertwined threads: one reimagines the most iconic and climactic moments from the novel itself; the other explores the stories that have emerged throughout the years between readers and the novel. The entire work is divided among three grand theaters and multiple micro-theaters spread over an area of around 150,000 square meters. With 72,000 sq m of constructed performance space, the Unique Dream of Red Mansion feels less like a theater, and more like a living organism. Designed as a maze of "moving views and shifting scenes", it borrows from the aesthetics of Chinese ink painting — suggestion over detail, ambiguity over closure; a constant dance between presence and absence. Visitors wander through intricately crafted gardens, step into chambers alive with projection and sound, or slip into dim alleys, guided by a narrator's whispered voice.

\n

"And, I especially hope that, after you leave, a part of you will linger here, immersed for a long, long time. Because throughout the whole place, what we provide is experience," Wang adds, "This experience is my sole top priority. It's not just about plot or story."

\n

Inside, the unexpected is the norm. There is a Gate Theater, a hall lined with doors from different eras and regions in China, each a potential portal to an untold story. There is also a Bed Theater, where audiences lie down to watch performances. "Why can't you watch a play lying down? Or leaning forward? Or acting yourself? Who set these rules?" Wang says.

\n

"You can't impose boundaries on me, and can't set thresholds for me in art design … I consider myself more of a forward-thinking individual. This isn't about my personal recollections, but about resonating with the pulse of our times."

\n

Wang makes it clear that her intention was never to reconstruct the Daguan Garden from the novel, nor to create replicas of the main characters' homes. "You shouldn't anticipate replicating a storyline from A Dream of Red Mansions. Rather, you should come to collect yourself, encounter yourself, and bear witness to yourself, until finally, you can fall in love with yourself — perhaps even learn to help yourself," says Wang.

\n

Wang explains that the novel has played an important role in her life and that she has "cried for it" since her teenage years, when she would read it in secret and copy down the poems and couplets that struck her.

\n

When she finally finished, she recalls, "it felt like a world had left me, and I cried. For a week afterward, I was like a soul not fully here". Returning to it later in life, she was able to see the questions beneath the characters and plot.

\n

"Where life comes from? Where death leads? Are the book's Daguan Garden and realm between worlds real? Or is it an illusion? These are the questions that bothered me," says Wang.

\n

For many visitors, the main appeal of the venue's design is its balance between visual richness and deliberate emptiness. Visitors may encounter a plain white wall, or a room left seemingly bare — but never by accident.

\n

"In Chinese aesthetics, leaving blank space is not about creating absence — it's about creating larger space for imagination," Wang says, "What you do not see can be greater than what you see. If you fill everything in, it becomes dull."

\n

This technique, known as liubai, or leaving blank, echoes the untouched space in a scroll painting, the pause in a poem, or the silence between musical notes. It invites the audience to step in — to imagine the unseen, and in doing so, make it their own.

\n

"We have our own ways of seeing, our own ways of telling," says Wang, "If you leave here and, even for a moment, feel that something inside you has been touched — then I am satisfied. Because the story is not mine. It's yours."

\n

Contact the writer at tujiayi@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "content": "

Online Scan the code to watch the video.

\n

\n

A scene from Real and Illusory, one of the three acts in the Unique Dream of Red Mansion complex.

\n

A classic moment from the novel A Dream of Red Mansions is recreated.

\n

Jia Baoyu's wedding at the Readers' Theater.

\n

A performance at the Readers' Theater.

\n

Wang Chaoge is the general planner, director, and playwright of the Unique Dream of Red Mansion complex.

\n

Visitors can watch the performances while lying in bed at the Bed Theater.

\n

You've heard the phrase: "getting lost in a good book". Well, thanks to ingenious architecture, bold artistic devices and carefully-designed theaters, Unique Dream of Red Mansion in Langfang, Hebei province, enables fans of the eponymous Chinese classic to do — literally — just that.

\n

The novel written by Cao Xueqin, A Dream of Red Mansions, is an epic work that holds a mirror up to Chinese society during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), set against the backdrop of the rise and fall in the fortunes of four influential families. Told from the perspective of a tragic, but wealthy young man, Jia Baoyu, it depicts life through a mixture of reality and dreams.

\n

Inspired by the novel's philosophy, Wang Chaoge, as general planner, director, and playwright, built Unique Dream of Red Mansion to be a fusion of literature, architecture, technology and memory. She believes there are no words to describe what she has created, adding that even "dreamland" doesn't cover its scope.

\n

The ambitious project, funded by ENN Group, officially opened on July 23, 2023, and is now celebrating its second anniversary. The arts complex is located approximately 40 kilometers southeast of Beijing and is adjacent to the Beijing Daxing International Airport Economic Zone, allowing Wang ample space to make her sprawling vision a reality.

\n

"I want to bewilder visitors, and to keep everyone guessing what this place really is. I want to make you feel as if you've never seen anything like it," Wang explains.

\n

"I aim to shatter your preconceptions. For here, a new genre is born, one that, unless you witness it, defies all imagination; a place beyond mental sketching. Before its conception, no one ever merged theaters into a drama settlement cluster on such a scale."

\n

The Unique Dream of Red Mansion is a labyrinth of 108 spaces and 21 immersive performances, where audiences drift between reality and illusion, past and present.

\n

According to the latest figures, the complex has been in continuous operation for 730 days, attracting over 2 million visitors and staging more than 21,000 immersive performances. During this year's summer vacation, visitor traffic sees an increase of about 60 percent.

\n

The scenes and elements are inspired by the novel, with each location given a poetic name from the book, touching the audience's senses through the shifting currents of an epic that has haunted Chinese hearts for centuries.

\n

Wang spent nearly eight years bringing this project to life. As a keen lover of the novel, Wang believes it's not merely a book to be staged, but an infinite canvas. "Everyone has his own interpretation of A Dream of Red Mansions," Wang adds.

\n

"It is the dream you read, but never finish."

\n

The performances within the complex unfold along two intertwined threads: one reimagines the most iconic and climactic moments from the novel itself; the other explores the stories that have emerged throughout the years between readers and the novel. The entire work is divided among three grand theaters and multiple micro-theaters spread over an area of around 150,000 square meters. With 72,000 sq m of constructed performance space, the Unique Dream of Red Mansion feels less like a theater, and more like a living organism. Designed as a maze of "moving views and shifting scenes", it borrows from the aesthetics of Chinese ink painting — suggestion over detail, ambiguity over closure; a constant dance between presence and absence. Visitors wander through intricately crafted gardens, step into chambers alive with projection and sound, or slip into dim alleys, guided by a narrator's whispered voice.

\n

"And, I especially hope that, after you leave, a part of you will linger here, immersed for a long, long time. Because throughout the whole place, what we provide is experience," Wang adds, "This experience is my sole top priority. It's not just about plot or story."

\n

Inside, the unexpected is the norm. There is a Gate Theater, a hall lined with doors from different eras and regions in China, each a potential portal to an untold story. There is also a Bed Theater, where audiences lie down to watch performances. "Why can't you watch a play lying down? Or leaning forward? Or acting yourself? Who set these rules?" Wang says.

\n

"You can't impose boundaries on me, and can't set thresholds for me in art design … I consider myself more of a forward-thinking individual. This isn't about my personal recollections, but about resonating with the pulse of our times."

\n

Wang makes it clear that her intention was never to reconstruct the Daguan Garden from the novel, nor to create replicas of the main characters' homes. "You shouldn't anticipate replicating a storyline from A Dream of Red Mansions. Rather, you should come to collect yourself, encounter yourself, and bear witness to yourself, until finally, you can fall in love with yourself — perhaps even learn to help yourself," says Wang.

\n

Wang explains that the novel has played an important role in her life and that she has "cried for it" since her teenage years, when she would read it in secret and copy down the poems and couplets that struck her.

\n

When she finally finished, she recalls, "it felt like a world had left me, and I cried. For a week afterward, I was like a soul not fully here". Returning to it later in life, she was able to see the questions beneath the characters and plot.

\n

"Where life comes from? Where death leads? Are the book's Daguan Garden and realm between worlds real? Or is it an illusion? These are the questions that bothered me," says Wang.

\n

For many visitors, the main appeal of the venue's design is its balance between visual richness and deliberate emptiness. Visitors may encounter a plain white wall, or a room left seemingly bare — but never by accident.

\n

"In Chinese aesthetics, leaving blank space is not about creating absence — it's about creating larger space for imagination," Wang says, "What you do not see can be greater than what you see. If you fill everything in, it becomes dull."

\n

This technique, known as liubai, or leaving blank, echoes the untouched space in a scroll painting, the pause in a poem, or the silence between musical notes. It invites the audience to step in — to imagine the unseen, and in doing so, make it their own.

\n

"We have our own ways of seeing, our own ways of telling," says Wang, "If you leave here and, even for a moment, feel that something inside you has been touched — then I am satisfied. Because the story is not mine. It's yours."

\n

Contact the writer at tujiayi@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_011_689fafc4ed50ccabe1517a7b.htm#011CULTURE", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "8143ead6ad3142248f96dac4f1b86323", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "011CULTURE - Good character shines through the ages", + "description": "

After the performance, the entire cast takes a bow on stage at the Second Store, a major performance space at the Unique Dream of Red Mansion complex in Langfang, Hebei.

\n

It's perhaps not so hard to imagine visiting a theater and encountering Jia Baoyu, the protagonist of the Chinese classic A Dream of Red Mansions. Perhaps somewhat more jarring would be meeting that same character, or maybe just his spirit, in a small alley in modern-day southern China.

\n

These are just the sort of surreal experiences that await visitors to the Unique Dream of Red Mansion, an arts complex in Langfang, Hebei province that has become a popular attraction with more than just lovers of the classic book.

\n

Within the complex's ethereal architecture and alongside its bold art devices, a number of theatrical plays tapping into the novel's themes are performed. Each production offers a new interpretation of the story, which was written by Cao Xueqin during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), or the characters within.

\n

Rather than simply retelling the well-known tale, the productions recreate the book's protagonists and transplant them into different times and places, and have them interact with visitors. Among them, a popular character is Jia.

\n

The complex's Reader's Theater is a prime example of this creative approach. It is a "walking play" that departs from traditional static viewing, allowing the audience to move through different spaces.

\n

The play reimagines some of the most dramatic moments from the novel, including the famous inspection of the Daguan Garden and the fate of Jia.

\n

This immersive production, which includes a circular stage and specially created art installations, requires the audience to physically follow the story, creating a seamless and engaging narrative experience.

\n

Zhao Xinlong, an actor who portrays Jia in the Reader's Theater, provides a classic interpretation of the character. He describes Jia as a fundamentally "free, kind and gentle person".

\n

"Though, he's not completely free due to his identity. He is very simple, without any sense of hierarchy or social distinction," says Zhao.

\n

"The entire story is a continuous experience, showing a more complete and three-dimensional Jia."

\n

His performance covers Jia's playful interactions with Lin Daiyu, a beautiful and sentimental character in the novel. The play also depicts their painful conflicts and the psychological collapse that follows a misunderstanding on his wedding day.

\n

For Zhao, the theater's intimate setup created a unique challenge. Unlike a traditional stage, the audience is in very close proximity, seeing every detail.

\n

"The stage is so close to the audience," he says. "They can see all of your expressions, your every movement, your lines — even normally imperceptible micro-expressions. This environment demands a different kind of performance, allowing me to bring Jia's inner world of joy and sorrow to life in a more delicate and precise way for the audience."

\n

While the Reader's Theater immerses the audience in the classic story, a smaller theater, the Second Store, takes a distinctly different direction, presenting a contemporary interpretation.

\n

The play is set in a small alley in Suzhou, Jiangsu province, in 1974, and focuses on a young man named Wang Zhigang, a simple, kindhearted person whom others call Baoyu.

\n

According to the actor who plays Wang, Mo Yening, this nickname is intentionally designed.

\n

"Wang likes to read A Dream of Red Mansions and has a lot of qualities just like the main character Jia Baoyu," says Mo. "The two characters, Wang and Jia, share a connection in their actions and values."

\n

For his role, Mo undertook extensive research of the time period to ensure his portrayal of Wang's motivations were convincing.

\n

"I watched films and documentaries and, most importantly, I learned about more about the lives and stories of my grandparents. That way, I could better understand the character who lived in a similar era to them," Mo explains.

\n

"My character's motivation is simple. He doesn't want to see others suffer," says Mo, who emphasizes that the character's earnest desire is to help others, even when it puts him in a difficult position.

\n

Just like Jia from the novel, Wang spends most of his time with his female friends, and is misunderstood because of his behavior. However, like Jia, Wang treats women with respect and warm heartedness, helping them in a good way.

\n

The "send-off" segment at the end of some performances is particularly popular, allowing for direct interaction. Mo recalls many touching moments on the stage, including once when a young girl ran to check on him after a scene where Wang is unexpectedly stabbed. Mo says he would often receive handwritten cards from fans, which also deeply moved him.

\n

"It really brings out the kind side of everyone," says Mo.

\n

"The audience deeply experiences each performance," Zhao says. "These interactions highlight the personal connection audiences form with these reinterpretations of Jia."

\n

One of the central ideas of Unique Dream of Red Mansion is to reinterpret tradition for a modern audience. The complex's director, Wang Chaoge, describes the project as "reading history with the eyes of the times".

\n

She explains that the aim of these plays is to engage in a "creative transformation" that allows the traditional classic to find new and innovative expression in a contemporary context.

\n

By bringing the spirit of the novel's characters to life in a variety of settings — from a grand, immersive spectacle, to a nuanced, modern tale — she demonstrates that the themes of empathy and kindness found in the park's plays are as relevant today as they were centuries ago.

\n

", + "content": "

After the performance, the entire cast takes a bow on stage at the Second Store, a major performance space at the Unique Dream of Red Mansion complex in Langfang, Hebei.

\n

It's perhaps not so hard to imagine visiting a theater and encountering Jia Baoyu, the protagonist of the Chinese classic A Dream of Red Mansions. Perhaps somewhat more jarring would be meeting that same character, or maybe just his spirit, in a small alley in modern-day southern China.

\n

These are just the sort of surreal experiences that await visitors to the Unique Dream of Red Mansion, an arts complex in Langfang, Hebei province that has become a popular attraction with more than just lovers of the classic book.

\n

Within the complex's ethereal architecture and alongside its bold art devices, a number of theatrical plays tapping into the novel's themes are performed. Each production offers a new interpretation of the story, which was written by Cao Xueqin during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), or the characters within.

\n

Rather than simply retelling the well-known tale, the productions recreate the book's protagonists and transplant them into different times and places, and have them interact with visitors. Among them, a popular character is Jia.

\n

The complex's Reader's Theater is a prime example of this creative approach. It is a "walking play" that departs from traditional static viewing, allowing the audience to move through different spaces.

\n

The play reimagines some of the most dramatic moments from the novel, including the famous inspection of the Daguan Garden and the fate of Jia.

\n

This immersive production, which includes a circular stage and specially created art installations, requires the audience to physically follow the story, creating a seamless and engaging narrative experience.

\n

Zhao Xinlong, an actor who portrays Jia in the Reader's Theater, provides a classic interpretation of the character. He describes Jia as a fundamentally "free, kind and gentle person".

\n

"Though, he's not completely free due to his identity. He is very simple, without any sense of hierarchy or social distinction," says Zhao.

\n

"The entire story is a continuous experience, showing a more complete and three-dimensional Jia."

\n

His performance covers Jia's playful interactions with Lin Daiyu, a beautiful and sentimental character in the novel. The play also depicts their painful conflicts and the psychological collapse that follows a misunderstanding on his wedding day.

\n

For Zhao, the theater's intimate setup created a unique challenge. Unlike a traditional stage, the audience is in very close proximity, seeing every detail.

\n

"The stage is so close to the audience," he says. "They can see all of your expressions, your every movement, your lines — even normally imperceptible micro-expressions. This environment demands a different kind of performance, allowing me to bring Jia's inner world of joy and sorrow to life in a more delicate and precise way for the audience."

\n

While the Reader's Theater immerses the audience in the classic story, a smaller theater, the Second Store, takes a distinctly different direction, presenting a contemporary interpretation.

\n

The play is set in a small alley in Suzhou, Jiangsu province, in 1974, and focuses on a young man named Wang Zhigang, a simple, kindhearted person whom others call Baoyu.

\n

According to the actor who plays Wang, Mo Yening, this nickname is intentionally designed.

\n

"Wang likes to read A Dream of Red Mansions and has a lot of qualities just like the main character Jia Baoyu," says Mo. "The two characters, Wang and Jia, share a connection in their actions and values."

\n

For his role, Mo undertook extensive research of the time period to ensure his portrayal of Wang's motivations were convincing.

\n

"I watched films and documentaries and, most importantly, I learned about more about the lives and stories of my grandparents. That way, I could better understand the character who lived in a similar era to them," Mo explains.

\n

"My character's motivation is simple. He doesn't want to see others suffer," says Mo, who emphasizes that the character's earnest desire is to help others, even when it puts him in a difficult position.

\n

Just like Jia from the novel, Wang spends most of his time with his female friends, and is misunderstood because of his behavior. However, like Jia, Wang treats women with respect and warm heartedness, helping them in a good way.

\n

The "send-off" segment at the end of some performances is particularly popular, allowing for direct interaction. Mo recalls many touching moments on the stage, including once when a young girl ran to check on him after a scene where Wang is unexpectedly stabbed. Mo says he would often receive handwritten cards from fans, which also deeply moved him.

\n

"It really brings out the kind side of everyone," says Mo.

\n

"The audience deeply experiences each performance," Zhao says. "These interactions highlight the personal connection audiences form with these reinterpretations of Jia."

\n

One of the central ideas of Unique Dream of Red Mansion is to reinterpret tradition for a modern audience. The complex's director, Wang Chaoge, describes the project as "reading history with the eyes of the times".

\n

She explains that the aim of these plays is to engage in a "creative transformation" that allows the traditional classic to find new and innovative expression in a contemporary context.

\n

By bringing the spirit of the novel's characters to life in a variety of settings — from a grand, immersive spectacle, to a nuanced, modern tale — she demonstrates that the themes of empathy and kindness found in the park's plays are as relevant today as they were centuries ago.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_011_689fafc8ed50ccabe1517a7c.htm#011CULTURE", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "b8a76ed7b89c6bc83e9ff3ab7b75a547", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "012LIFE - Focusing on an old passion", + "description": "

Wei Wei (first right) sets the backdrop for a family portrait of tourists from Xi'an, Shaanxi province, at Agan Photo Studio in Lanzhou, Gansu province.

\n

Agan Photo Studio has seen its appeal rise on social media, attracting numerous tourists to document their memories.

\n

Wei, the studio owner, examines negatives the old-fashioned way before choosing which photos to develop.

\n

A wall of portraits provides a glimpse of bygone days while nostalgia for another era entices a new generation.

\n

In the darkroom, Wei carefully develops photos and makes prints.

\n

Wei packs photos before mailing them to customers.

\n

Wei Jiexiong, Wei Wei's father, examines a photo in the studio's darkroom in 2023.

\n

In Agan town, 20 kilometers southeast of Lanzhou's Qilihe district in Northwest China's Gansu province, a flicker of magnesium light pierces through 50 years of dust, still glowing in the window of Agan Photo Studio.

\n

This beam illuminates more than just yellowing film negatives — it captures the collective memory of a community shaped by the country's industrial past and digital present.

\n

Inside the cramped studio, 44-year-old Wei Wei adjusts his father's relic: a wooden large-format Seagull camera older than he is.

\n

As tourists queue for portraits, the vintage device — once used to photograph coal miners' sweat-streaked grins, children's wide-eyed wonder, and labor models' proud gazes — now freezes moments for a new generation seeking nostalgia in the digital age.

\n

Though analog photography — photography that uses a progressively changing recording medium that is either chemical-process based or electronic — took a backseat with the rise of digital photography, a renewed interest in the vintage process has since emerged at the photo studio.

\n

Founded in 1972 as a state-owned enterprise, the studio became a visual chronicle of its milestones under Wei's father Wei Jiexiong, who joined in 1974. At that time, photographers from the studio were often invited to take photos during festivals or celebrations in town.

\n

At the busiest period, Wei Jiexiong would start at 7 in the morning and work until late at night.

\n

Wei Wei spent his childhood in the studio with his father.

\n

The young man at that time watched, then learned: mixing chemicals, loading plates, framing shots.

\n

He recalls: "My father would shoot and print more than 100 photos on a busy day.

\n

"I'd assist him, then try myself. I wanted to preserve people's stories too, like what my father did," he says.

\n

When his father passed away last year, Wei Wei inherited both the studio and its analog legacy.

\n

For Wei Wei, this is not only a family trade, but also about safeguarding authentic stories sealed in monochrome.

\n

In recent years, Agan Photo Studio gained popularity on social media, attracting numerous tourists who come to document their memories.

\n

The studio has not only preserved the fondest memories for the town's residents but also borne witness to social development and transformation.

\n

All this through an appreciation for the past.

\n

", + "content": "

Wei Wei (first right) sets the backdrop for a family portrait of tourists from Xi'an, Shaanxi province, at Agan Photo Studio in Lanzhou, Gansu province.

\n

Agan Photo Studio has seen its appeal rise on social media, attracting numerous tourists to document their memories.

\n

Wei, the studio owner, examines negatives the old-fashioned way before choosing which photos to develop.

\n

A wall of portraits provides a glimpse of bygone days while nostalgia for another era entices a new generation.

\n

In the darkroom, Wei carefully develops photos and makes prints.

\n

Wei packs photos before mailing them to customers.

\n

Wei Jiexiong, Wei Wei's father, examines a photo in the studio's darkroom in 2023.

\n

In Agan town, 20 kilometers southeast of Lanzhou's Qilihe district in Northwest China's Gansu province, a flicker of magnesium light pierces through 50 years of dust, still glowing in the window of Agan Photo Studio.

\n

This beam illuminates more than just yellowing film negatives — it captures the collective memory of a community shaped by the country's industrial past and digital present.

\n

Inside the cramped studio, 44-year-old Wei Wei adjusts his father's relic: a wooden large-format Seagull camera older than he is.

\n

As tourists queue for portraits, the vintage device — once used to photograph coal miners' sweat-streaked grins, children's wide-eyed wonder, and labor models' proud gazes — now freezes moments for a new generation seeking nostalgia in the digital age.

\n

Though analog photography — photography that uses a progressively changing recording medium that is either chemical-process based or electronic — took a backseat with the rise of digital photography, a renewed interest in the vintage process has since emerged at the photo studio.

\n

Founded in 1972 as a state-owned enterprise, the studio became a visual chronicle of its milestones under Wei's father Wei Jiexiong, who joined in 1974. At that time, photographers from the studio were often invited to take photos during festivals or celebrations in town.

\n

At the busiest period, Wei Jiexiong would start at 7 in the morning and work until late at night.

\n

Wei Wei spent his childhood in the studio with his father.

\n

The young man at that time watched, then learned: mixing chemicals, loading plates, framing shots.

\n

He recalls: "My father would shoot and print more than 100 photos on a busy day.

\n

"I'd assist him, then try myself. I wanted to preserve people's stories too, like what my father did," he says.

\n

When his father passed away last year, Wei Wei inherited both the studio and its analog legacy.

\n

For Wei Wei, this is not only a family trade, but also about safeguarding authentic stories sealed in monochrome.

\n

In recent years, Agan Photo Studio gained popularity on social media, attracting numerous tourists who come to document their memories.

\n

The studio has not only preserved the fondest memories for the town's residents but also borne witness to social development and transformation.

\n

All this through an appreciation for the past.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/16/content_012_689fafcced50ccabe1517a7d.htm#012LIFE", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:21:03 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "7dddbc93fecdc209dc85198e4cc7d85f", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "001FRONT - Vision turns county into green model", + "description": "

Online See more by scanning the code.

\n

An African media delegation poses for a group photo in front of the stone monument that mentions the philosophy that "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" in Anji county, Zhejiang province, on May 15.

\n

On a wooden shelf in his three-story home in Anji county of Zhejiang province, Ge Yuande keeps a stone — smooth, pale and vaguely shaped like a miner wearing a helmet — as the most treasured piece in his collection.

\n

The 63-year-old picked it up more than 20 years ago from a quarry in Yucun, his native village in Anji, where he once made a living extracting and selling stone. Back then, the hills were stripped bare, the air was thick with dust, and streams ran gray with industrial runoff.

\n

"I used to sell stone to make a living," Ge said in his living room, now lined with shelves full of stone sculptures. "But back then, it polluted everything. Now I still sell stone — but as art and as culture."

\n

Yucun's transformation — from a dusty quarry village to a model of rural vitalization and green development — epitomizes China's heightened emphasis on sustainable growth over the past two decades.

\n

In 2005, the village was standing at a crossroads. Its last quarry had just been closed, a decision that left villagers anxious about their livelihoods. The village's collective income plummeted from 3 million yuan ($417,600) to just 300,000 yuan that year.

\n

At this pivotal moment, Xi Jinping, then secretary of the Communist Party of China Zhejiang Provincial Committee, visited the village on Aug 15, 2005, and offered residents a powerful message of reassurance.

\n

During a meeting with villagers, Xi said the closure was a "wise step" and introduced what would become a guiding principle of China's environmental policy: "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets."

\n

In a column published in Zhejiang Daily a week after the visit, Xi expanded on the idea: "By transforming ecological and environmental strengths into advantages in eco-agriculture, eco-industry and eco-tourism, lucid waters and lush mountains can truly become invaluable assets."

\n

In 2020, Xi — now Chinese president and general secretary of the CPC Central Committee — returned to the county. The phrase "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" had by then become a national consensus and a core tenet of China's new development philosophy.

\n

"Experience has shown that economic growth cannot come at the expense of the environment," Xi told the villagers.

\n

Yu Xiaoping, deputy Party secretary of Yucun village, said the closure of quarries and continuous environmental improvements had opened up space for eco-tourism. Visitors now come for river rafting, fruit picking and rural guesthouse stays.

\n

Zhang Jianguo, executive vice-dean of the Institute for Sustainable Development at Huzhou University, noted that by prioritizing green, low-carbon development and preserving its environment, Anji has translated ecological assets into real economic and social gains.

\n

By giving top priority to environmental protection, the county has ensured that its air quality remains excellent on more than 90 percent of days. Surface water, drinking water and cross-boundary water all consistently meet national standards.

\n

Over the past 20 years, the average annual per capita disposable income of Anji's rural residents rose from 7,034 yuan to 48,879 yuan — a nearly sevenfold increase.

\n

"Anji's long-term, consistent approach to preserving its environment has produced a compelling case study in sustainable development — one with growing relevance not only in China but globally," Zhang said.

\n

Enhanced protection

\n

Today, more than 70 percent of Anji is covered in forest, much of it bamboo. Once-overlooked villages are now home to pocket parks, hiking trails, open-air teahouses, and even artisanal coffee shops.

\n

Zheng Xuli, a senior engineer at Lingfengsi Forest Farm, patrols 120 hectares of forest land. Once a logging supervisor, he now focuses on conservation — from monitoring of termite infestations to forest maintenance.

\n

"In the past, forestry was about cutting and planting," Zheng said. "Now it's about watching, caring and minimizing harm."

\n

The biggest shift, he said, has been philosophical: "We treat the forest as an asset that gains value over time — not something to consume."

\n

Technology is also reshaping how Anji protects its environment. AI-powered drones and autonomous boats are now used to monitor rivers for illegal dumping and construction.

\n

"Before, it took weeks to patrol all our waterways," said Ye Liang, director of the river chief office with Anji county's water resources bureau. "Now drones and AI can do it in a single day. Problems are caught early, before they escalate."

\n

In 2022, Anji launched the Global Partnership Initiative, aimed at attracting digital nomads, green startups and remote workers to settle in the county.

\n

To local officials' surprise, the initiative gained rapid momentum. By the end of 2024, more than 50,000 young people had come to Anji to start businesses or seek job opportunities.

\n

Xu Liang, a cyclist and entrepreneur, said Anji's location near Yangtze River Delta cities and its clean environment are major draws for young professionals.

\n

"For many young people, the countryside is more than a retreat," Xu said. "It's a place to explore new ideas, new directions and entrepreneurial opportunities beyond the city."

\n

Javier Ghaemi, a British expatriate, arrived in Anji in April with his girlfriend after a friend in Shanghai told them about a gym for rent. Within hours, they had made the decision to move from Malaysia to the county.

\n

They took over a dormant gym nestled in the hills and transformed it into a lifestyle hub offering yoga classes, wellness workshops and forest hikes.

\n

From his gym, perched above a bamboo grove, Ghaemi has found both peace and purpose.

\n

"For me, I want to help build Anji up," he said. "To promote it, and to show Westerners the reality of life here. I think the misconceptions are huge. Even if I can just show a few friends, have them visit, do a workout — they'll see that we're all the same. We all have the same dreams."

\n

Patrick Nijs, former Belgian ambassador to China, said that Xi demonstrated a clear vision when he proposed the philosophy that "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" in 2005.

\n

"Back then, most people were still debating what 'going green' even meant," Nijs said. "So he introduced this concept in a very clear and poetic way — something that resonates deeply with the Chinese mind."

\n

Nijs now considers Anji one of his homes. "I'm a big fan of Xi Jinping because I think he is a visionary," he said.

\n

What Anji offers, Nijs added, is a development model rooted in culture, continuity and care.

\n

He pointed out that this philosophy has also underpinned China's sweeping investments in renewable energy. "China has invested in all facets of green energy — hydropower, solar panels, biomass, wind power and nuclear power — and is now a global leader."

\n

Contact the writers at xuwei@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "content": "

Online See more by scanning the code.

\n

An African media delegation poses for a group photo in front of the stone monument that mentions the philosophy that "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" in Anji county, Zhejiang province, on May 15.

\n

On a wooden shelf in his three-story home in Anji county of Zhejiang province, Ge Yuande keeps a stone — smooth, pale and vaguely shaped like a miner wearing a helmet — as the most treasured piece in his collection.

\n

The 63-year-old picked it up more than 20 years ago from a quarry in Yucun, his native village in Anji, where he once made a living extracting and selling stone. Back then, the hills were stripped bare, the air was thick with dust, and streams ran gray with industrial runoff.

\n

"I used to sell stone to make a living," Ge said in his living room, now lined with shelves full of stone sculptures. "But back then, it polluted everything. Now I still sell stone — but as art and as culture."

\n

Yucun's transformation — from a dusty quarry village to a model of rural vitalization and green development — epitomizes China's heightened emphasis on sustainable growth over the past two decades.

\n

In 2005, the village was standing at a crossroads. Its last quarry had just been closed, a decision that left villagers anxious about their livelihoods. The village's collective income plummeted from 3 million yuan ($417,600) to just 300,000 yuan that year.

\n

At this pivotal moment, Xi Jinping, then secretary of the Communist Party of China Zhejiang Provincial Committee, visited the village on Aug 15, 2005, and offered residents a powerful message of reassurance.

\n

During a meeting with villagers, Xi said the closure was a "wise step" and introduced what would become a guiding principle of China's environmental policy: "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets."

\n

In a column published in Zhejiang Daily a week after the visit, Xi expanded on the idea: "By transforming ecological and environmental strengths into advantages in eco-agriculture, eco-industry and eco-tourism, lucid waters and lush mountains can truly become invaluable assets."

\n

In 2020, Xi — now Chinese president and general secretary of the CPC Central Committee — returned to the county. The phrase "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" had by then become a national consensus and a core tenet of China's new development philosophy.

\n

"Experience has shown that economic growth cannot come at the expense of the environment," Xi told the villagers.

\n

Yu Xiaoping, deputy Party secretary of Yucun village, said the closure of quarries and continuous environmental improvements had opened up space for eco-tourism. Visitors now come for river rafting, fruit picking and rural guesthouse stays.

\n

Zhang Jianguo, executive vice-dean of the Institute for Sustainable Development at Huzhou University, noted that by prioritizing green, low-carbon development and preserving its environment, Anji has translated ecological assets into real economic and social gains.

\n

By giving top priority to environmental protection, the county has ensured that its air quality remains excellent on more than 90 percent of days. Surface water, drinking water and cross-boundary water all consistently meet national standards.

\n

Over the past 20 years, the average annual per capita disposable income of Anji's rural residents rose from 7,034 yuan to 48,879 yuan — a nearly sevenfold increase.

\n

"Anji's long-term, consistent approach to preserving its environment has produced a compelling case study in sustainable development — one with growing relevance not only in China but globally," Zhang said.

\n

Enhanced protection

\n

Today, more than 70 percent of Anji is covered in forest, much of it bamboo. Once-overlooked villages are now home to pocket parks, hiking trails, open-air teahouses, and even artisanal coffee shops.

\n

Zheng Xuli, a senior engineer at Lingfengsi Forest Farm, patrols 120 hectares of forest land. Once a logging supervisor, he now focuses on conservation — from monitoring of termite infestations to forest maintenance.

\n

"In the past, forestry was about cutting and planting," Zheng said. "Now it's about watching, caring and minimizing harm."

\n

The biggest shift, he said, has been philosophical: "We treat the forest as an asset that gains value over time — not something to consume."

\n

Technology is also reshaping how Anji protects its environment. AI-powered drones and autonomous boats are now used to monitor rivers for illegal dumping and construction.

\n

"Before, it took weeks to patrol all our waterways," said Ye Liang, director of the river chief office with Anji county's water resources bureau. "Now drones and AI can do it in a single day. Problems are caught early, before they escalate."

\n

In 2022, Anji launched the Global Partnership Initiative, aimed at attracting digital nomads, green startups and remote workers to settle in the county.

\n

To local officials' surprise, the initiative gained rapid momentum. By the end of 2024, more than 50,000 young people had come to Anji to start businesses or seek job opportunities.

\n

Xu Liang, a cyclist and entrepreneur, said Anji's location near Yangtze River Delta cities and its clean environment are major draws for young professionals.

\n

"For many young people, the countryside is more than a retreat," Xu said. "It's a place to explore new ideas, new directions and entrepreneurial opportunities beyond the city."

\n

Javier Ghaemi, a British expatriate, arrived in Anji in April with his girlfriend after a friend in Shanghai told them about a gym for rent. Within hours, they had made the decision to move from Malaysia to the county.

\n

They took over a dormant gym nestled in the hills and transformed it into a lifestyle hub offering yoga classes, wellness workshops and forest hikes.

\n

From his gym, perched above a bamboo grove, Ghaemi has found both peace and purpose.

\n

"For me, I want to help build Anji up," he said. "To promote it, and to show Westerners the reality of life here. I think the misconceptions are huge. Even if I can just show a few friends, have them visit, do a workout — they'll see that we're all the same. We all have the same dreams."

\n

Patrick Nijs, former Belgian ambassador to China, said that Xi demonstrated a clear vision when he proposed the philosophy that "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" in 2005.

\n

"Back then, most people were still debating what 'going green' even meant," Nijs said. "So he introduced this concept in a very clear and poetic way — something that resonates deeply with the Chinese mind."

\n

Nijs now considers Anji one of his homes. "I'm a big fan of Xi Jinping because I think he is a visionary," he said.

\n

What Anji offers, Nijs added, is a development model rooted in culture, continuity and care.

\n

He pointed out that this philosophy has also underpinned China's sweeping investments in renewable energy. "China has invested in all facets of green energy — hydropower, solar panels, biomass, wind power and nuclear power — and is now a global leader."

\n

Contact the writers at xuwei@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_001_689e529eed50ccabe15178ec.htm#001FRONT", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "7c34a93e24b8b00dad846d172c6f6f29", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "001FRONT - Ready to play", + "description": "

A humanoid robot plays the drums during the opening ceremony of the World Humanoid Robot Games at the National Speed Skating Oval in Beijing on Thursday. The four-day event is the world's first multisport competition for humanoid robots. More than 500 humanoids from 16 countries are competing in 538 events, ranging from traditional sports such as track and field events, gymnastics and soccer to newly added events including martial arts performances, free fighting and group dancing. see story, page 5

\n

", + "content": "

A humanoid robot plays the drums during the opening ceremony of the World Humanoid Robot Games at the National Speed Skating Oval in Beijing on Thursday. The four-day event is the world's first multisport competition for humanoid robots. More than 500 humanoids from 16 countries are competing in 538 events, ranging from traditional sports such as track and field events, gymnastics and soccer to newly added events including martial arts performances, free fighting and group dancing. see story, page 5

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_001_689e52a2ed50ccabe15178ed.htm#001FRONT", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "eff0ef7633559c5f15a4214f79eb5d41", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "001FRONT - Smart tech impresses all at World Games", + "description": "

For Italian freediving para-athlete Gianluca Visconti, donning an exoskeleton robot made him feel he could fly.

\n

Visconti, 53, who is taking part in the ongoing 12th World Games in Chengdu, Sichuan province, tested the latest generation brain-controlled exoskeleton robot developed by Buffalo Robotics (Chengdu) Technology, describing the experience as "really impressive".

\n

Having suffered a severe neck injury after hitting the bottom of a swimming pool at the age of 17, Visconti still struggles with movement on his right side.

\n

After using the exoskeleton robot for just 10 minutes, the athlete said he could feel the improved coordination in his limbs. "It's really better," Visconti said. "It could be very useful for learning how to move my right leg again."

\n

As Visconti and fellow athletes push themselves to the limit at the Chengdu World Games, locally developed robots and intelligent devices are busy creating unique experiences for the competitors and officials from around the world.

\n

At a tech bazaar in the World Games Village, smart glasses capable of real-time translation in 40 languages are drawing crowds of athletes eager to try them out.

\n

The athletes are amazed that the augmented reality-powered device can project real-time bilingual subtitles onto the lenses, enabling seamless cross-lingual communication.

\n

They also burst into cheers as the Lingtong L3 quadruped robot dog performs backflips.

\n

Inside the games village, retail robots carrying up to 60 types of products accurately identify and approach potential customers, delivery robots handle indoor and cross-building transportation and patrol robots ensure security around the clock.

\n

At the standard events in dance-sport, a humanoid robot named Tangpa joined human performers in cheerleading dances and interacted with the audience through micro-expressions displayed on its face — a 48.3-centimeter screen.

\n

Inside the aquatic venues, a pool-cleaning robot goes about its job with ease, eliminating micron-level gravel, algae and other debris with powerful suction to ensure excellent water quality.

\n

More than 20 locally developed tech innovations are being used to assist with security, cheerleading, retail services, water supply, deliveries, cleaning and guest guidance throughout the games, organizers said.

\n

These technologies can streamline event operations, improve spectator engagement and promote the host city's image on the global stage, they added.

\n

Roland Hilfiker, honorary president and a member of International World Games Association, who has been involved in The World Games since 1995, said seeing so many robots at work during the games is a new experience for him.

\n

"The first few times they would kind of scare me when I came across one in the elevator. But then you get used to it," Hilfiker said.

\n

Ricardo Castro, a beach handball athlete from Portugal, said this was the first time he had seen a robot dog and humanoid robot, and of the two, the robot dog impressed him the most.

\n

"It's amazing technology. They can do so many tricks," he said, adding in jest that he was trying to take one home.

\n

Castro said he is interested in interacting with more robots during his stay.

\n

pengchao@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "content": "

For Italian freediving para-athlete Gianluca Visconti, donning an exoskeleton robot made him feel he could fly.

\n

Visconti, 53, who is taking part in the ongoing 12th World Games in Chengdu, Sichuan province, tested the latest generation brain-controlled exoskeleton robot developed by Buffalo Robotics (Chengdu) Technology, describing the experience as "really impressive".

\n

Having suffered a severe neck injury after hitting the bottom of a swimming pool at the age of 17, Visconti still struggles with movement on his right side.

\n

After using the exoskeleton robot for just 10 minutes, the athlete said he could feel the improved coordination in his limbs. "It's really better," Visconti said. "It could be very useful for learning how to move my right leg again."

\n

As Visconti and fellow athletes push themselves to the limit at the Chengdu World Games, locally developed robots and intelligent devices are busy creating unique experiences for the competitors and officials from around the world.

\n

At a tech bazaar in the World Games Village, smart glasses capable of real-time translation in 40 languages are drawing crowds of athletes eager to try them out.

\n

The athletes are amazed that the augmented reality-powered device can project real-time bilingual subtitles onto the lenses, enabling seamless cross-lingual communication.

\n

They also burst into cheers as the Lingtong L3 quadruped robot dog performs backflips.

\n

Inside the games village, retail robots carrying up to 60 types of products accurately identify and approach potential customers, delivery robots handle indoor and cross-building transportation and patrol robots ensure security around the clock.

\n

At the standard events in dance-sport, a humanoid robot named Tangpa joined human performers in cheerleading dances and interacted with the audience through micro-expressions displayed on its face — a 48.3-centimeter screen.

\n

Inside the aquatic venues, a pool-cleaning robot goes about its job with ease, eliminating micron-level gravel, algae and other debris with powerful suction to ensure excellent water quality.

\n

More than 20 locally developed tech innovations are being used to assist with security, cheerleading, retail services, water supply, deliveries, cleaning and guest guidance throughout the games, organizers said.

\n

These technologies can streamline event operations, improve spectator engagement and promote the host city's image on the global stage, they added.

\n

Roland Hilfiker, honorary president and a member of International World Games Association, who has been involved in The World Games since 1995, said seeing so many robots at work during the games is a new experience for him.

\n

"The first few times they would kind of scare me when I came across one in the elevator. But then you get used to it," Hilfiker said.

\n

Ricardo Castro, a beach handball athlete from Portugal, said this was the first time he had seen a robot dog and humanoid robot, and of the two, the robot dog impressed him the most.

\n

"It's amazing technology. They can do so many tricks," he said, adding in jest that he was trying to take one home.

\n

Castro said he is interested in interacting with more robots during his stay.

\n

pengchao@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_001_689e52a6ed50ccabe15178ee.htm#001FRONT", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "3ad60f198f36a654373c8b80dd2c5fc5", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "001FRONT - China rolls out new visa type for young science talent", + "description": "

China announced on Thursday that it will introduce a new type of visa — a K visa — for young foreign talent in science and technology.

\n

The new visa type was unveiled after Premier Li Qiang signed a State Council decree to promulgate a decision amending the country's regulations on the administration of foreigners' entries and exits.

\n

The decision came as China puts a greater emphasis on building a more proactive, open and effective talent policy.

\n

The K visa is a new addition to the ordinary visa categories and the new rules will take effect on Oct 1, according to the decision, which was drafted by the Ministry of Justice, along with the Foreign Ministry, the Ministry of Public Security and the National Immigration Administration.

\n

Applicants for the K visa should be young international professionals in the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics who have earned a bachelor's degree or higher from prestigious universities or research institutions.

\n

In addition, it will be available to individuals involved in educational or research activities at prestigious universities or research institutions, according to a joint statement released by the four departments on Thursday night.

\n

K visa holders are permitted to engage in activities in fields such as education, science and technology, and cultural exchanges, according to the joint statement.

\n

Before this addition, there were 12 visa types classified based on the purposes of visiting China, including the L visa for sightseeing and tourism, the D visa for permanent residence and the G visa for transit through the country.

\n

Compared with other visa types, the K visa will offer holders more convenience in terms of the number of entries, validity period and duration of stay. The eligibility criteria for the K visa are set based on applicants' age, educational background and work experience, without requiring them to have an employer or inviting organization within China, according to the statement.

\n

The application process for this visa is designed to be more convenient, streamlining the steps for eligible applicants, it added.

\n

The Foreign Ministry and the Ministry of Public Security, along with embassies and consulates abroad, will step up collaboration in management of the issuance, extension, renewal and replacement of K visas, as well as the residence and stay of K visa holders. They will provide appropriate assistance to applicants and holders of K visas in accordance with the law, the statement said.

\n

jihaisheng@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "content": "

China announced on Thursday that it will introduce a new type of visa — a K visa — for young foreign talent in science and technology.

\n

The new visa type was unveiled after Premier Li Qiang signed a State Council decree to promulgate a decision amending the country's regulations on the administration of foreigners' entries and exits.

\n

The decision came as China puts a greater emphasis on building a more proactive, open and effective talent policy.

\n

The K visa is a new addition to the ordinary visa categories and the new rules will take effect on Oct 1, according to the decision, which was drafted by the Ministry of Justice, along with the Foreign Ministry, the Ministry of Public Security and the National Immigration Administration.

\n

Applicants for the K visa should be young international professionals in the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics who have earned a bachelor's degree or higher from prestigious universities or research institutions.

\n

In addition, it will be available to individuals involved in educational or research activities at prestigious universities or research institutions, according to a joint statement released by the four departments on Thursday night.

\n

K visa holders are permitted to engage in activities in fields such as education, science and technology, and cultural exchanges, according to the joint statement.

\n

Before this addition, there were 12 visa types classified based on the purposes of visiting China, including the L visa for sightseeing and tourism, the D visa for permanent residence and the G visa for transit through the country.

\n

Compared with other visa types, the K visa will offer holders more convenience in terms of the number of entries, validity period and duration of stay. The eligibility criteria for the K visa are set based on applicants' age, educational background and work experience, without requiring them to have an employer or inviting organization within China, according to the statement.

\n

The application process for this visa is designed to be more convenient, streamlining the steps for eligible applicants, it added.

\n

The Foreign Ministry and the Ministry of Public Security, along with embassies and consulates abroad, will step up collaboration in management of the issuance, extension, renewal and replacement of K visas, as well as the residence and stay of K visa holders. They will provide appropriate assistance to applicants and holders of K visas in accordance with the law, the statement said.

\n

jihaisheng@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_001_689e52abed50ccabe15178ef.htm#001FRONT", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "4980dfab77f096bf333a5f6cdd4a0e11", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "001FRONT - 'DEAD TO RIGHTS' SMASHES BOX OFFICE RECORDS, RAISES AWARENESS", + "description": "
\n

The cast and crew of Dead to Rights interact with the audience after its roadshow in Shanghai on July 28.

\n

An audience member attends the film's premiere in Los Angeles, California, the United States, on Monday.

\n

Visitors take photos at Shanghai Film Park, the main filming site of the movie, on Aug 1.

\n

The roadshow of the film is held on July 28 in Shanghai.

\n

A pedestrian walks past a billboard of Dead to Rights at a cinema in Sydney on Aug 8, the day the film was released in Australia.

\n

While the film Dead to Rights, with the original Chinese title translated to Nanjing Photo Studio, smashes summer box office records, it is also reigniting national awareness of a dark chapter in China's history and the courage of unsung heroes who stood up to fascism and brutality.

\n

Set against the backdrop of the Nanjing Massacre perpetrated by Japanese troops in China during World War II, the film's takings surpassed 2.2 billion yuan ($308 million) on Sunday, according to movie-tracking data.

\n

The takings are a record for historical films screened during China's summer movie season, which runs from June to August.

\n

Marking the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45), the film tells the story of a group of Nanjing residents, who sought refuge in a photo studio after the city's occupation by Japanese invaders.

\n

Forced to develop film for a Japanese military photographer, they discover photographic evidence of atrocities and risk their lives to smuggle the negatives out. The film has ignited nationwide interest since its July 25 release, according to media reports.

\n

The narrative of the historical drama draws on real events. The Nanjing Massacre began when Japanese troops captured Nanjing, Jiangsu province, on Dec 13, 1937. Over six weeks, they slaughtered approximately 300,000 Chinese civilians and unarmed soldiers.

\n

An apprentice at a photo studio in Nanjing secretly compiled an album of 16 photos of the atrocity taken by Japanese soldiers. These images ultimately became key evidence during subsequent war crime trials.

\n

Guarding the evidence

\n

When Japanese troops captured Nanjing, 15-year-old Luo Jin was an apprentice at Huadong Photo Studio on Changjiang Road, public records show.

\n

One day in January 1938, a Japanese officer brought two film rolls for development. As negatives emerged in the developer, Luo was shocked to see images of Japanese troops killing, raping and brutalizing Chinese civilians.

\n

Outraged, he secretly made copies of over 30 photos, selecting 16 for an album to preserve the evidence of these crimes.

\n

In 1941, while hiding the album during a search by Japanese troops, Luo lost the album. Wu Xuan, who was attending a same training program with Luo at the time found it, but was unaware of the owner. The Chinese character for "shame" on its cover convinced Wu the owner shared his patriotic fury.

\n

Wu guarded it at great personal risk and surrendered it after Japan's defeat. The album ultimately became key evidence in the war crimes trial of Hisao Tani, a Class-B war criminal.

\n

In 1995, Luo and Wu reunited at the Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders. It was their first meeting in over half a century.

\n

"Archives are vital vessels of historical memory," said Zhou Feng, curator of the memorial hall.

\n

"The 16 photos preserved by Luo and Wu, as key trial evidence, possess irreplaceable historical value. The Nanjing Massacre history brooks no distortion or denial," he said.

\n

After seeing the film, Evan Kail, an American who donated an album of historic photos to China in 2022, praised the film as a "10 out of 10" cinematic achievement that confronts the Nanjing Massacre.

\n

His donated album contains photos of China dating back to World War II, including ones that document atrocities committed by Japanese soldiers.

\n

Kail said that "the most powerful aspect of the film is its tearing open the veil of history, allowing me, an outsider, to viscerally empathize with the unimaginable suffering endured by the Chinese nation during that catastrophe".

\n

Respecting history

\n

Drawing on the true story of Luo, Wu and the photos, Dead To Rights centers on a group of Chinese civilians who take refuge in a photography studio during the Japanese occupation of Nanjing.

\n

In a desperate attempt to stay alive, they are forced to assist a Japanese military photographer in developing film only to discover the negatives contain evidence of atrocities committed by Japanese forces across the city. They secretly keep the negatives and risk their lives to deliver them to the outside world, in the hope of revealing the truth.

\n

When discussing his inspiration for the film, director Shen Ao said he was deeply influenced by the 1987 movie Massacre in Nanjing, which is also based on historical accounts.

\n

In 2023, after meeting screenwriter Zhang Ke, they decided to retell this part of history for contemporary audiences. The film's preparation took a full year, with the most critical task being the meticulous collection and restoration of historical details.

\n

Shen said much of the Japanese soldiers' dialogue was sourced directly from interviews after the war.

\n

"Our suffering was twisted into a trophy of militarism in their eyes," said Shen. "What's even more infuriating is how they staged 'goodwill photos' — smiling with children, pretending there was harmony — while committing atrocities. This hypocrisy must be exposed."

\n

During the film's Nanjing premiere on July 22, Shen juxtaposed authentic historical "goodwill photos" with scenes from the film. Nearly identical in their composition and angles, they exposed how invaders staged images to whitewash atrocities.

\n

"Beneath every war lies propaganda battles. I hope this film inspires audiences to uncover historical truths," he said.

\n

During its Beijing premiere on July 24, Shen said that as a graduate of the Beijing Film Academy he had a special bond with film reels.

\n

The opening sequence of Dead to Rights, for instance, links bullets being fired from a chamber and camera shutters clicking. "Shooting" applies to both guns and cameras, connecting violence with its documentation, he said.

\n

"A photo was a bullet on that battlefield. The click of a shutter echoed the crack of gun. The negatives pierced invaders''goodwill' lies," Shen said.

\n

He compared today's skyscraper-filled Nanjing with the war-torn city depicted in the film. "Everything has transformed, but no Chinese will forget the horrors Japanese troops inflicted here 88 years ago," he said.

\n

The production team did extensive research for the film — consulting publications, documentaries, photos, and material from the memorial hall.

\n

"We discovered something profoundly admirable in that generation: conviction surpassing life itself," Shen wrote in an article in People's Daily. "Countless unsung heroes left no names in history books. This film is focusing on their resistance."

\n

In his view, a film must have dramatic elements, be thrilling, and ensure that it never distorts history. It is paramount to balance drama and historical accuracy.

\n

"To educate through truth demands utmost responsibility," Shen stressed in describing the team's approach to content.

\n

Zhang Guosong, a researcher at the memorial hall, called the massacre "not only an unprecedented catastrophe for China but also humanity's darkest chapter", and a warning for all humankind that requires perpetual remembrance.

\n

The film counters historical nihilism and revisionism, Zhang said. By showcasing citizens risking lives to preserve evidence, it upholds truth while underscoring remembrance.

\n

"Only through truth can we correctly evaluate history," he said, noting that Japanese right-wing forces still deny the massacre and glorify aggression.

\n

In 1982, Japan's Ministry of Education altered textbook accounts of imperialist invasions, sparking protests across Asia.

\n

"War harms both the victims and the perpetrators. Only by remembering lessons and thorough perpetrator reflection can future tragedies be prevented," said Zhang.

\n

Emotional resonance

\n

One scene in the film shows a Japanese soldier removing a stone from Nanjing's ancient wall to be placed in a tower in Japan's Miyazaki Prefecture.

\n

Wu Xianbin, curator of a private museum commemorating the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, said Japan plundered over 370 stones for the tower. More than 200 came from China, including four from Nanjing.

\n

After Japan's 1945 defeat, Allied forces demanded the tower's demolition and repatriation of the stones.

\n

Japan has evaded this by "paying lip service but not taking actual action", Wu said. "This militarist symbol is now packaged as a 'peace tower'. Right-wing forces still poison Japanese youth with distorted history," Wu warned.

\n

China's Ambassador to the US Xie Feng attended the premiere of the film in Washington, D.C., on Aug 6. In his remarks, Xie said that since its release in China, Dead To Rights has achieved both critical acclaim and box office success.

\n

With its weighty historical truth and powerful artistic impact, it has evoked strong emotional resonance. The film transcends time and space, revealing the darkest corners of history while also shining a light on the best of the human conscience, the ambassador said.

\n

It constantly reminds us of the cruelty of war and the preciousness of peace, and urges us to learn from history and create a better future, he said.

\n

Xie pointed out that those who forget history are doomed to repeat it. The Chinese people nationwide united as one, fought heroically, and won the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression with tremendous sacrifices, making an indelible contribution to the victory in the World Anti-Fascist War.

\n

The 1.4 billion Chinese people will never tolerate any attempt to tamper with the history of WWII, and all the peace-loving people in the world will never accept any move to turn back the wheel of history, he said.

\n

The ambassador stressed that remembering history is to pave the way for a brighter future.

\n

Connecting eras

\n

With international releases underway, director Shen said he hopes the film "will make more people clearly realize that anti-fascism represents humanity's shared yearning for peace — a legacy requiring collective guardianship."

\n

Filming this history today, Shen said, connects the past and present. He said in our era, we are saturated with information, "But in that era of scarce information, photos from documented atrocities preserved history, and transmitted crucial truths."

\n

In Nanjing, the film has ignited a surge in interest in genealogy records.

\n

The Nanjing Municipal Archives reports soaring queries for 1946-48 household registration cards. A total of 1.54 million documents discovered in 2006 have been digitized for public access.

\n

"Daily queries averaged 10 previously. Since the film's release, they have peaked at 1,200 a day," said archivist Yin Yanbin. "Staff now work overtime to meet demand."

\n

The documents "reunite" Nanjing residents with their ancestors. "People arrive with familial longing. Many tear up upon finding photos or rush to show elderly relatives. It moves us deeply," said Yin.

\n

Social media is buzzing with "finding Republican-era family records in Nanjing Archives" stories.

\n

Netizens share discoveries such as: "Our grandparents lived in Sanyuan Alley. They might've known each other."; "Your great-grandmother studied with my grandmother." Some even recognized relatives' names on the memorial hall's victim list, exclaiming "History feels so close".

\n

Amid the 80th anniversary commemorations, films, plays, music, and art themed on remembering the war are emerging.

\n

Dead to Rights makes history tangible. Many viewers connect its imagery to reality, sensing truth's weight.

\n

Tang Yitao, 40, a Nanjing restaurateur, took his sixth-grade son to see the film. "As locals, we grew up knowing this history's importance," he said. "For children, this impacts them more than textbooks, revealing war's cruelty and Japanese brutality."

\n

He teaches his son to remember suffering and humiliation, but not hatred, and encourages him to make himself stronger.

\n

One person who saw the film reflected online that photos traverse war, films cross time and textbooks make them vivid. "Children learn ancestors' courage, cherish peace, and grasp the meaning of self-strengthening."

\n

Another viewer declared the film has a "bonus scene" as evidenced by today's China. "When you exit the theater, today's thriving China — mountains and rivers unharmed, myriad lights glowing — that's its greatest reveal," the reviewer said.

\n

Contact the writers at cangwei@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "content": "
\n

The cast and crew of Dead to Rights interact with the audience after its roadshow in Shanghai on July 28.

\n

An audience member attends the film's premiere in Los Angeles, California, the United States, on Monday.

\n

Visitors take photos at Shanghai Film Park, the main filming site of the movie, on Aug 1.

\n

The roadshow of the film is held on July 28 in Shanghai.

\n

A pedestrian walks past a billboard of Dead to Rights at a cinema in Sydney on Aug 8, the day the film was released in Australia.

\n

While the film Dead to Rights, with the original Chinese title translated to Nanjing Photo Studio, smashes summer box office records, it is also reigniting national awareness of a dark chapter in China's history and the courage of unsung heroes who stood up to fascism and brutality.

\n

Set against the backdrop of the Nanjing Massacre perpetrated by Japanese troops in China during World War II, the film's takings surpassed 2.2 billion yuan ($308 million) on Sunday, according to movie-tracking data.

\n

The takings are a record for historical films screened during China's summer movie season, which runs from June to August.

\n

Marking the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45), the film tells the story of a group of Nanjing residents, who sought refuge in a photo studio after the city's occupation by Japanese invaders.

\n

Forced to develop film for a Japanese military photographer, they discover photographic evidence of atrocities and risk their lives to smuggle the negatives out. The film has ignited nationwide interest since its July 25 release, according to media reports.

\n

The narrative of the historical drama draws on real events. The Nanjing Massacre began when Japanese troops captured Nanjing, Jiangsu province, on Dec 13, 1937. Over six weeks, they slaughtered approximately 300,000 Chinese civilians and unarmed soldiers.

\n

An apprentice at a photo studio in Nanjing secretly compiled an album of 16 photos of the atrocity taken by Japanese soldiers. These images ultimately became key evidence during subsequent war crime trials.

\n

Guarding the evidence

\n

When Japanese troops captured Nanjing, 15-year-old Luo Jin was an apprentice at Huadong Photo Studio on Changjiang Road, public records show.

\n

One day in January 1938, a Japanese officer brought two film rolls for development. As negatives emerged in the developer, Luo was shocked to see images of Japanese troops killing, raping and brutalizing Chinese civilians.

\n

Outraged, he secretly made copies of over 30 photos, selecting 16 for an album to preserve the evidence of these crimes.

\n

In 1941, while hiding the album during a search by Japanese troops, Luo lost the album. Wu Xuan, who was attending a same training program with Luo at the time found it, but was unaware of the owner. The Chinese character for "shame" on its cover convinced Wu the owner shared his patriotic fury.

\n

Wu guarded it at great personal risk and surrendered it after Japan's defeat. The album ultimately became key evidence in the war crimes trial of Hisao Tani, a Class-B war criminal.

\n

In 1995, Luo and Wu reunited at the Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders. It was their first meeting in over half a century.

\n

"Archives are vital vessels of historical memory," said Zhou Feng, curator of the memorial hall.

\n

"The 16 photos preserved by Luo and Wu, as key trial evidence, possess irreplaceable historical value. The Nanjing Massacre history brooks no distortion or denial," he said.

\n

After seeing the film, Evan Kail, an American who donated an album of historic photos to China in 2022, praised the film as a "10 out of 10" cinematic achievement that confronts the Nanjing Massacre.

\n

His donated album contains photos of China dating back to World War II, including ones that document atrocities committed by Japanese soldiers.

\n

Kail said that "the most powerful aspect of the film is its tearing open the veil of history, allowing me, an outsider, to viscerally empathize with the unimaginable suffering endured by the Chinese nation during that catastrophe".

\n

Respecting history

\n

Drawing on the true story of Luo, Wu and the photos, Dead To Rights centers on a group of Chinese civilians who take refuge in a photography studio during the Japanese occupation of Nanjing.

\n

In a desperate attempt to stay alive, they are forced to assist a Japanese military photographer in developing film only to discover the negatives contain evidence of atrocities committed by Japanese forces across the city. They secretly keep the negatives and risk their lives to deliver them to the outside world, in the hope of revealing the truth.

\n

When discussing his inspiration for the film, director Shen Ao said he was deeply influenced by the 1987 movie Massacre in Nanjing, which is also based on historical accounts.

\n

In 2023, after meeting screenwriter Zhang Ke, they decided to retell this part of history for contemporary audiences. The film's preparation took a full year, with the most critical task being the meticulous collection and restoration of historical details.

\n

Shen said much of the Japanese soldiers' dialogue was sourced directly from interviews after the war.

\n

"Our suffering was twisted into a trophy of militarism in their eyes," said Shen. "What's even more infuriating is how they staged 'goodwill photos' — smiling with children, pretending there was harmony — while committing atrocities. This hypocrisy must be exposed."

\n

During the film's Nanjing premiere on July 22, Shen juxtaposed authentic historical "goodwill photos" with scenes from the film. Nearly identical in their composition and angles, they exposed how invaders staged images to whitewash atrocities.

\n

"Beneath every war lies propaganda battles. I hope this film inspires audiences to uncover historical truths," he said.

\n

During its Beijing premiere on July 24, Shen said that as a graduate of the Beijing Film Academy he had a special bond with film reels.

\n

The opening sequence of Dead to Rights, for instance, links bullets being fired from a chamber and camera shutters clicking. "Shooting" applies to both guns and cameras, connecting violence with its documentation, he said.

\n

"A photo was a bullet on that battlefield. The click of a shutter echoed the crack of gun. The negatives pierced invaders''goodwill' lies," Shen said.

\n

He compared today's skyscraper-filled Nanjing with the war-torn city depicted in the film. "Everything has transformed, but no Chinese will forget the horrors Japanese troops inflicted here 88 years ago," he said.

\n

The production team did extensive research for the film — consulting publications, documentaries, photos, and material from the memorial hall.

\n

"We discovered something profoundly admirable in that generation: conviction surpassing life itself," Shen wrote in an article in People's Daily. "Countless unsung heroes left no names in history books. This film is focusing on their resistance."

\n

In his view, a film must have dramatic elements, be thrilling, and ensure that it never distorts history. It is paramount to balance drama and historical accuracy.

\n

"To educate through truth demands utmost responsibility," Shen stressed in describing the team's approach to content.

\n

Zhang Guosong, a researcher at the memorial hall, called the massacre "not only an unprecedented catastrophe for China but also humanity's darkest chapter", and a warning for all humankind that requires perpetual remembrance.

\n

The film counters historical nihilism and revisionism, Zhang said. By showcasing citizens risking lives to preserve evidence, it upholds truth while underscoring remembrance.

\n

"Only through truth can we correctly evaluate history," he said, noting that Japanese right-wing forces still deny the massacre and glorify aggression.

\n

In 1982, Japan's Ministry of Education altered textbook accounts of imperialist invasions, sparking protests across Asia.

\n

"War harms both the victims and the perpetrators. Only by remembering lessons and thorough perpetrator reflection can future tragedies be prevented," said Zhang.

\n

Emotional resonance

\n

One scene in the film shows a Japanese soldier removing a stone from Nanjing's ancient wall to be placed in a tower in Japan's Miyazaki Prefecture.

\n

Wu Xianbin, curator of a private museum commemorating the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, said Japan plundered over 370 stones for the tower. More than 200 came from China, including four from Nanjing.

\n

After Japan's 1945 defeat, Allied forces demanded the tower's demolition and repatriation of the stones.

\n

Japan has evaded this by "paying lip service but not taking actual action", Wu said. "This militarist symbol is now packaged as a 'peace tower'. Right-wing forces still poison Japanese youth with distorted history," Wu warned.

\n

China's Ambassador to the US Xie Feng attended the premiere of the film in Washington, D.C., on Aug 6. In his remarks, Xie said that since its release in China, Dead To Rights has achieved both critical acclaim and box office success.

\n

With its weighty historical truth and powerful artistic impact, it has evoked strong emotional resonance. The film transcends time and space, revealing the darkest corners of history while also shining a light on the best of the human conscience, the ambassador said.

\n

It constantly reminds us of the cruelty of war and the preciousness of peace, and urges us to learn from history and create a better future, he said.

\n

Xie pointed out that those who forget history are doomed to repeat it. The Chinese people nationwide united as one, fought heroically, and won the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression with tremendous sacrifices, making an indelible contribution to the victory in the World Anti-Fascist War.

\n

The 1.4 billion Chinese people will never tolerate any attempt to tamper with the history of WWII, and all the peace-loving people in the world will never accept any move to turn back the wheel of history, he said.

\n

The ambassador stressed that remembering history is to pave the way for a brighter future.

\n

Connecting eras

\n

With international releases underway, director Shen said he hopes the film "will make more people clearly realize that anti-fascism represents humanity's shared yearning for peace — a legacy requiring collective guardianship."

\n

Filming this history today, Shen said, connects the past and present. He said in our era, we are saturated with information, "But in that era of scarce information, photos from documented atrocities preserved history, and transmitted crucial truths."

\n

In Nanjing, the film has ignited a surge in interest in genealogy records.

\n

The Nanjing Municipal Archives reports soaring queries for 1946-48 household registration cards. A total of 1.54 million documents discovered in 2006 have been digitized for public access.

\n

"Daily queries averaged 10 previously. Since the film's release, they have peaked at 1,200 a day," said archivist Yin Yanbin. "Staff now work overtime to meet demand."

\n

The documents "reunite" Nanjing residents with their ancestors. "People arrive with familial longing. Many tear up upon finding photos or rush to show elderly relatives. It moves us deeply," said Yin.

\n

Social media is buzzing with "finding Republican-era family records in Nanjing Archives" stories.

\n

Netizens share discoveries such as: "Our grandparents lived in Sanyuan Alley. They might've known each other."; "Your great-grandmother studied with my grandmother." Some even recognized relatives' names on the memorial hall's victim list, exclaiming "History feels so close".

\n

Amid the 80th anniversary commemorations, films, plays, music, and art themed on remembering the war are emerging.

\n

Dead to Rights makes history tangible. Many viewers connect its imagery to reality, sensing truth's weight.

\n

Tang Yitao, 40, a Nanjing restaurateur, took his sixth-grade son to see the film. "As locals, we grew up knowing this history's importance," he said. "For children, this impacts them more than textbooks, revealing war's cruelty and Japanese brutality."

\n

He teaches his son to remember suffering and humiliation, but not hatred, and encourages him to make himself stronger.

\n

One person who saw the film reflected online that photos traverse war, films cross time and textbooks make them vivid. "Children learn ancestors' courage, cherish peace, and grasp the meaning of self-strengthening."

\n

Another viewer declared the film has a "bonus scene" as evidenced by today's China. "When you exit the theater, today's thriving China — mountains and rivers unharmed, myriad lights glowing — that's its greatest reveal," the reviewer said.

\n

Contact the writers at cangwei@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_001_689e52afed50ccabe15178f0.htm#001FRONT", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "56811b6cf980e819ddcee39af2270519", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "004CHINA - Joint legal efforts to safeguard Yangtze", + "description": "

To improve the systematic protection of the Yangtze River, the Supreme People's Court and 11 other State-level departments have jointly released a guideline aimed at enhancing coordination between law enforcement and judicial bodies, while addressing existing problems and drawing on successful local practices.

\n

The guideline calls for stronger interdepartmental communication and unified law enforcement and judicial standards, focusing on frequently occurring cases and key areas such as pollution prevention, the Yangtze River's 10-year fishing ban and river sand mining management.

\n

Regarding enforcement actions, a balanced approach that combines strict law-based case handling with governance improvements should be adopted, according to the guideline. It also supports joint operations across administrative boundaries in ecologically sensitive areas, as well as in regions known for frequent ecological and environmental violations within the Yangtze River Basin.

\n

According to a case released by the top court in May 2024, three people used a three-layer gill net to fish in a national nature reserve for rare and endemic fish species in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Their catch included one Yangtze sturgeon and two rock carp, both of which are nationally protected species.

\n

The Jiangjin district people's procuratorate in Chongqing filed criminal charges and an accompanying civil public interest lawsuit against the three defendants for endangering precious and endangered wild animals. The court found the trio guilty and sentenced each to 15 months in prison, with suspended sentences of 18 months, along with fines ranging from 5,000 to 9,000 yuan ($697 to $1,255).

\n

The guideline also emphasizes strengthening professional and technical support to develop a sound and standardized environmental assessment and appraisal system. This includes improving expertise in investigation and evidence collection, damage assessment and ecological restoration.

\n

It further calls for enhanced cross-departmental information sharing, including promoting big data collaboration in case handling and regular updates, and joint use of ecological and environmental law enforcement and judicial data across the Yangtze River Basin.

\n

Another case cited by the court took place in Fujian province, where a man surnamed Chen illegally logged over 21 cubic meters of timber in a State-owned forest. He was sentenced to 18 months in prison and fined 10,000 yuan after undertaking ecological restoration efforts and compensating for environmental losses.

\n

The court said that restorative justice was applied throughout the case, with close cooperation between courts and forestry authorities to implement a compensation mechanism and valuation methods for losses in forest ecosystem service function.

\n

The guideline also calls for promoting diversified dispute resolution by strengthening coordination between government departments and courts, and ensuring effective integration of environmental and resource-related litigation with non-litigation dispute resolution mechanisms.

\n

lishangyi@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "content": "

To improve the systematic protection of the Yangtze River, the Supreme People's Court and 11 other State-level departments have jointly released a guideline aimed at enhancing coordination between law enforcement and judicial bodies, while addressing existing problems and drawing on successful local practices.

\n

The guideline calls for stronger interdepartmental communication and unified law enforcement and judicial standards, focusing on frequently occurring cases and key areas such as pollution prevention, the Yangtze River's 10-year fishing ban and river sand mining management.

\n

Regarding enforcement actions, a balanced approach that combines strict law-based case handling with governance improvements should be adopted, according to the guideline. It also supports joint operations across administrative boundaries in ecologically sensitive areas, as well as in regions known for frequent ecological and environmental violations within the Yangtze River Basin.

\n

According to a case released by the top court in May 2024, three people used a three-layer gill net to fish in a national nature reserve for rare and endemic fish species in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Their catch included one Yangtze sturgeon and two rock carp, both of which are nationally protected species.

\n

The Jiangjin district people's procuratorate in Chongqing filed criminal charges and an accompanying civil public interest lawsuit against the three defendants for endangering precious and endangered wild animals. The court found the trio guilty and sentenced each to 15 months in prison, with suspended sentences of 18 months, along with fines ranging from 5,000 to 9,000 yuan ($697 to $1,255).

\n

The guideline also emphasizes strengthening professional and technical support to develop a sound and standardized environmental assessment and appraisal system. This includes improving expertise in investigation and evidence collection, damage assessment and ecological restoration.

\n

It further calls for enhanced cross-departmental information sharing, including promoting big data collaboration in case handling and regular updates, and joint use of ecological and environmental law enforcement and judicial data across the Yangtze River Basin.

\n

Another case cited by the court took place in Fujian province, where a man surnamed Chen illegally logged over 21 cubic meters of timber in a State-owned forest. He was sentenced to 18 months in prison and fined 10,000 yuan after undertaking ecological restoration efforts and compensating for environmental losses.

\n

The court said that restorative justice was applied throughout the case, with close cooperation between courts and forestry authorities to implement a compensation mechanism and valuation methods for losses in forest ecosystem service function.

\n

The guideline also calls for promoting diversified dispute resolution by strengthening coordination between government departments and courts, and ensuring effective integration of environmental and resource-related litigation with non-litigation dispute resolution mechanisms.

\n

lishangyi@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_004_689e52c1ed50ccabe15178f7.htm#004CHINA", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "0863e154ab279ae37fcd6a727f4a9145", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "004CHINA - Anhui officials punished over river pollution in demonstration zone", + "description": "

Officials of an agricultural demonstration zone in Anhui province were penalized over a water pollution incident, according to an official statement released on Thursday.

\n

A blogger posted a video online on Wednesday showing that a river in Baishan township, Suixi county, had turned black, with a "suffocating smell similar to pesticides".

\n

In the video, local villagers mentioned that the wastewater was discharged from a nearby factory, rendering the river water unusable for irrigating farmland.

\n

Thursday's statement said that a joint investigation team comprised of officials from the departments of ecology and environment, agriculture and rural affairs, and water resources was formed to verify and address the situation on-site.

\n

The statement confirmed that the issues raised by the video blogger were true. After further review, officials responsible for overseeing the Baishan modern agricultural comprehensive development demonstration zone were suspended from their duties. The investigation is ongoing.

\n

The local government has implemented measures such as building embankments to intercept pollution, pumping back wastewater, clearing silt and implementing environmental restoration efforts while simultaneously intensifying water quality monitoring to minimize the impact.

\n

Based on the investigation results, the local authorities will take strict action against the people responsible for the event in accordance with regulations and laws, according to the statement.

\n

The authorities will also conduct a county-wide inspection to identify and address similar issues, it said.

\n

zhulixin@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "content": "

Officials of an agricultural demonstration zone in Anhui province were penalized over a water pollution incident, according to an official statement released on Thursday.

\n

A blogger posted a video online on Wednesday showing that a river in Baishan township, Suixi county, had turned black, with a "suffocating smell similar to pesticides".

\n

In the video, local villagers mentioned that the wastewater was discharged from a nearby factory, rendering the river water unusable for irrigating farmland.

\n

Thursday's statement said that a joint investigation team comprised of officials from the departments of ecology and environment, agriculture and rural affairs, and water resources was formed to verify and address the situation on-site.

\n

The statement confirmed that the issues raised by the video blogger were true. After further review, officials responsible for overseeing the Baishan modern agricultural comprehensive development demonstration zone were suspended from their duties. The investigation is ongoing.

\n

The local government has implemented measures such as building embankments to intercept pollution, pumping back wastewater, clearing silt and implementing environmental restoration efforts while simultaneously intensifying water quality monitoring to minimize the impact.

\n

Based on the investigation results, the local authorities will take strict action against the people responsible for the event in accordance with regulations and laws, according to the statement.

\n

The authorities will also conduct a county-wide inspection to identify and address similar issues, it said.

\n

zhulixin@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_004_689e52c5ed50ccabe15178f8.htm#004CHINA", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "3c9895984b42ec432a5a09f7589acefa", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "004CHINA - United in spirit", + "description": "

Visitors explore a memorial exhibition on the contribution of overseas Chinese in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and World Anti-Fascist War, themed "united across vast distances", at the Overseas Chinese History Museum of China in Beijing on Thursday.

\n

", + "content": "

Visitors explore a memorial exhibition on the contribution of overseas Chinese in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and World Anti-Fascist War, themed "united across vast distances", at the Overseas Chinese History Museum of China in Beijing on Thursday.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_004_689e52c9ed50ccabe15178f9.htm#004CHINA", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "2c20c79ffa237e15b3e719cfe9092a38", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "004CHINA - Guangxi mango products a big hit overseas", + "description": "

NANNING — Mango-flavored ice pops keep rolling off a production line in the county of Tiandong, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. The tropical sweet treat will later embark on a long journey to Russia.

\n

"To meet rising demand, output has skyrocketed from a few hundred (metric) tons last year to over 3,000 tons so far this year. We're on track to hit 5,000 tons for the entire year," said Lin De'en, chairman of Tiandong Yisheng Import and Export Trade Co.

\n

Nearly 60 percent of the company's mango ice pop exports are bound for Russia, while the rest will be sent to Kazakhstan, South Korea and Japan.

\n

Tiandong aims to make itself "China's mango capital". With the local mango industry shifting from fresh fruit exports to deep processing, products such as mango chips, purees and jam are gradually breaking into emerging overseas markets.

\n

"We also supply mango products as raw materials to bubble tea brands across Anhui, Shandong, Fujian and Guangdong provinces," said Zeng Chengrui, assistant to the company's general manager. "During each mango season, our combined output of pulp and puree tops 6,000 tons, yet we still can't keep up with demand."

\n

Lin echoed Zeng's sentiments.

\n

"Now, our biggest challenge is not sales channels, but production capacity," he said.

\n

As one of the country's leading mango hubs, Tiandong is now home to some 22,666 hectares of mango orchards.

\n

It is accelerating the promotion of integrated water and fertilizer irrigation, and eco-friendly pest and disease control, said Liu Dehuan, chief agronomist of the county's agriculture and rural affairs bureau.

\n

"In the past, farmers mainly relied on manual pesticide spraying. Now, drones equipped with high-precision sensors can accurately detect the growth of fruit trees and the distribution of pests and diseases, enabling precise pesticide application and intelligent pest control," he explained.

\n

", + "content": "

NANNING — Mango-flavored ice pops keep rolling off a production line in the county of Tiandong, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. The tropical sweet treat will later embark on a long journey to Russia.

\n

"To meet rising demand, output has skyrocketed from a few hundred (metric) tons last year to over 3,000 tons so far this year. We're on track to hit 5,000 tons for the entire year," said Lin De'en, chairman of Tiandong Yisheng Import and Export Trade Co.

\n

Nearly 60 percent of the company's mango ice pop exports are bound for Russia, while the rest will be sent to Kazakhstan, South Korea and Japan.

\n

Tiandong aims to make itself "China's mango capital". With the local mango industry shifting from fresh fruit exports to deep processing, products such as mango chips, purees and jam are gradually breaking into emerging overseas markets.

\n

"We also supply mango products as raw materials to bubble tea brands across Anhui, Shandong, Fujian and Guangdong provinces," said Zeng Chengrui, assistant to the company's general manager. "During each mango season, our combined output of pulp and puree tops 6,000 tons, yet we still can't keep up with demand."

\n

Lin echoed Zeng's sentiments.

\n

"Now, our biggest challenge is not sales channels, but production capacity," he said.

\n

As one of the country's leading mango hubs, Tiandong is now home to some 22,666 hectares of mango orchards.

\n

It is accelerating the promotion of integrated water and fertilizer irrigation, and eco-friendly pest and disease control, said Liu Dehuan, chief agronomist of the county's agriculture and rural affairs bureau.

\n

"In the past, farmers mainly relied on manual pesticide spraying. Now, drones equipped with high-precision sensors can accurately detect the growth of fruit trees and the distribution of pests and diseases, enabling precise pesticide application and intelligent pest control," he explained.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_004_689e52cded50ccabe15178fa.htm#004CHINA", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "bbf70e7506a78e3b44c31b026496bd54", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "004CHINA - Briefly", + "description": "

Shenzhou XX crew to carry out spacewalk

\n

The Shenzhou XX mission crew members aboard the Tiangong space station are scheduled to carry out their third spacewalk in the coming days, the China Manned Space Agency said on Thursday. The three orbital travelers — mission commander Senior Colonel Chen Dong and crew members Colonel Chen Zhongrui and Colonel Wang Jie — have been aboard the station for more than three months since their arrival on April 25. They have conducted a host of assignments, including examinations and maintenance work on instruments, installations of intravehicular devices, monitoring of inner environment, and unpacking and testing new spacewalk suits, the agency said in a media statement.

\n

Body of Beijing official lost in flood recovered

\n

The body of Yin Chunyan, Party secretary of Sunhugou village in Beijing's Huairou district, has been found following an intensive search, Beijing Radio and Television Station reported on Thursday. Rescuers discovered her remains on Wednesday afternoon near Baihewan in Baihebei village. Local authorities have set up a committee to handle the funeral arrangements, according to the report. Yin and her husband, Cai Yongzhang, were swept away by floodwaters on July 26 while helping villagers evacuate. Cai's body was recovered on Aug 4, about 300 to 400 meters downstream from where they were last seen.

\n

Death sentence for poisoning upheld

\n

The Hunan High People's Court rejected on Thursday a graduate student's appeal and upheld his death sentence after he poisoned his roommates' food, causing the death of one. The court said that after reviewing Zhou Liren's appeal of the first-instance verdict, it found the facts established at trial to be clear, the evidence conclusive and sufficient and the sentence appropriate. On April 7, the Xiangtan Intermediate People's Court sentenced Zhou to death for intentional homicide and deprived him of his political rights for life. The Xiangtan court determined that Zhou, motivated by personal vengeance, put a highly toxic substance into a can of oatmeal shared by two of his roommates. The Hunan High People's Court has submitted Zhou's death sentence to the Supreme People's Court for approval, as required by law.

\n

", + "content": "

Shenzhou XX crew to carry out spacewalk

\n

The Shenzhou XX mission crew members aboard the Tiangong space station are scheduled to carry out their third spacewalk in the coming days, the China Manned Space Agency said on Thursday. The three orbital travelers — mission commander Senior Colonel Chen Dong and crew members Colonel Chen Zhongrui and Colonel Wang Jie — have been aboard the station for more than three months since their arrival on April 25. They have conducted a host of assignments, including examinations and maintenance work on instruments, installations of intravehicular devices, monitoring of inner environment, and unpacking and testing new spacewalk suits, the agency said in a media statement.

\n

Body of Beijing official lost in flood recovered

\n

The body of Yin Chunyan, Party secretary of Sunhugou village in Beijing's Huairou district, has been found following an intensive search, Beijing Radio and Television Station reported on Thursday. Rescuers discovered her remains on Wednesday afternoon near Baihewan in Baihebei village. Local authorities have set up a committee to handle the funeral arrangements, according to the report. Yin and her husband, Cai Yongzhang, were swept away by floodwaters on July 26 while helping villagers evacuate. Cai's body was recovered on Aug 4, about 300 to 400 meters downstream from where they were last seen.

\n

Death sentence for poisoning upheld

\n

The Hunan High People's Court rejected on Thursday a graduate student's appeal and upheld his death sentence after he poisoned his roommates' food, causing the death of one. The court said that after reviewing Zhou Liren's appeal of the first-instance verdict, it found the facts established at trial to be clear, the evidence conclusive and sufficient and the sentence appropriate. On April 7, the Xiangtan Intermediate People's Court sentenced Zhou to death for intentional homicide and deprived him of his political rights for life. The Xiangtan court determined that Zhou, motivated by personal vengeance, put a highly toxic substance into a can of oatmeal shared by two of his roommates. The Hunan High People's Court has submitted Zhou's death sentence to the Supreme People's Court for approval, as required by law.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_004_689e52d2ed50ccabe15178fb.htm#004CHINA", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "a2b661d402bdbb83f33645580eef079e", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "004CHINA - Quick-test kit expedites Chikungunya response", + "description": "
\n

Chinese scientists have made breakthroughs in Chikungunya fever detection by developing a kit solution that accelerates the entire detection process to within half an hour, according to a laboratory based in Guangzhou, capital of Guangdong province.

\n

Based on rapid qPCR technology, the detection kit was developed by the Guangzhou Laboratory in collaboration with the Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University and other biomedical companies.

\n

The qPCR, or quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction, is a laboratory technique used to amplify and simultaneously quantify a targeted DNA molecule.

\n

As an advanced form of PCR, it allows researchers to measure the amount of DNA in real time during the amplification process.

\n

The detection kit works in tandem with the nucleic acid extraction kit to establish a complete ultra-fast Chikungunya testing system, according to the laboratory.

\n

Under the detection system, serum sample extraction takes only 15 minutes, and nucleic acid amplification is reduced to 12 minutes, compressing the entire detection process to just half an hour and indicating a big leap from the traditional three to five hours for Chikungunya detection.

\n

Currently, there are several methods for detecting the Chikungunya virus, including nucleic acid tests and colloidal gold techniques.

\n

The mainstream clinical method is nucleic acid testing, which relies on real-time fluorescence PCR technology to accurately determine whether a sample contains the virus.

\n

Free nucleic acid screening for the Chikungunya fever was launched throughout Lecong township in Shunde district of Foshan in late July, as the township had been hard hit by the mosquito-borne viral disease.

\n

The Guangzhou-based laboratory's kit solution has undergone validation with nearly 1,000 samples at several authoritative institutions and hospitals in Guangdong, according to the laboratory.

\n

It has been compared with third-party reagents and has demonstrated excellent performance, it said.

\n

The system is now ready for promotion and application, providing strong support for control and prevention of the Chikungunya fever outbreak across the province.

\n

According to health authorities in Foshan, the hardest-hit area, the Chikungunya outbreak has showed a significant downward trend, with daily new cases dropping below 150 for six consecutive days.

\n

The number of newly reported cases per day has been on a steady decline since Aug 6. On Wednesday alone, only 96 new cases were reported in Foshan, according to local authorities.

\n

Additionally, the number of affected villages and communities has also steadily decreased, indicating significant progress in the prevention and control efforts.

\n

Although the current epidemic situation is gradually stabilizing and preventive measures have made positive progress, residents are still urged to remain vigilant against the disease, authorities said.

\n

qiuquanlin@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "content": "
\n

Chinese scientists have made breakthroughs in Chikungunya fever detection by developing a kit solution that accelerates the entire detection process to within half an hour, according to a laboratory based in Guangzhou, capital of Guangdong province.

\n

Based on rapid qPCR technology, the detection kit was developed by the Guangzhou Laboratory in collaboration with the Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University and other biomedical companies.

\n

The qPCR, or quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction, is a laboratory technique used to amplify and simultaneously quantify a targeted DNA molecule.

\n

As an advanced form of PCR, it allows researchers to measure the amount of DNA in real time during the amplification process.

\n

The detection kit works in tandem with the nucleic acid extraction kit to establish a complete ultra-fast Chikungunya testing system, according to the laboratory.

\n

Under the detection system, serum sample extraction takes only 15 minutes, and nucleic acid amplification is reduced to 12 minutes, compressing the entire detection process to just half an hour and indicating a big leap from the traditional three to five hours for Chikungunya detection.

\n

Currently, there are several methods for detecting the Chikungunya virus, including nucleic acid tests and colloidal gold techniques.

\n

The mainstream clinical method is nucleic acid testing, which relies on real-time fluorescence PCR technology to accurately determine whether a sample contains the virus.

\n

Free nucleic acid screening for the Chikungunya fever was launched throughout Lecong township in Shunde district of Foshan in late July, as the township had been hard hit by the mosquito-borne viral disease.

\n

The Guangzhou-based laboratory's kit solution has undergone validation with nearly 1,000 samples at several authoritative institutions and hospitals in Guangdong, according to the laboratory.

\n

It has been compared with third-party reagents and has demonstrated excellent performance, it said.

\n

The system is now ready for promotion and application, providing strong support for control and prevention of the Chikungunya fever outbreak across the province.

\n

According to health authorities in Foshan, the hardest-hit area, the Chikungunya outbreak has showed a significant downward trend, with daily new cases dropping below 150 for six consecutive days.

\n

The number of newly reported cases per day has been on a steady decline since Aug 6. On Wednesday alone, only 96 new cases were reported in Foshan, according to local authorities.

\n

Additionally, the number of affected villages and communities has also steadily decreased, indicating significant progress in the prevention and control efforts.

\n

Although the current epidemic situation is gradually stabilizing and preventive measures have made positive progress, residents are still urged to remain vigilant against the disease, authorities said.

\n

qiuquanlin@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_004_689e52d6ed50ccabe15178fc.htm#004CHINA", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "c14d5c7b25f6db22ae8c8da6c6de85fc", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "004CHINA - Galloping glory", + "description": "

A performer showcases equestrian skills at the opening ceremony of the 16th Gesar Horse Racing Festival in Maqu county, Gannan Tibetan autonomous prefecture, Gansu province, on Wednesday.

\n

", + "content": "

A performer showcases equestrian skills at the opening ceremony of the 16th Gesar Horse Racing Festival in Maqu county, Gannan Tibetan autonomous prefecture, Gansu province, on Wednesday.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_004_689e52daed50ccabe15178fd.htm#004CHINA", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "acde978fe218b2e47f2f57661afd1c67", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "004CHINA - Missing boy found dead after extensive search", + "description": "

A rescue team that had searched extensively for an 8-year-old boy who went missing found him dead on Wednesday, according to a notice released by Dali city, part of the Dali Bai autonomous prefecture in Yunnan province.

\n

The boy was found in a mountain stream north of Qingbi Creek in the city's Dali town at around 5 pm on Wednesday.

\n

Following an on-site examination and thorough investigation, authorities ruled out death by external injury, and found no evidence that the death was the result of a crime, the notice said.

\n

"We are deeply saddened by the loss of the child and extend our heartfelt condolences to the family," the team said in the notice. "We also express our gratitude to all sectors of society for their attention and support during the search and rescue efforts. Further related work is currently underway."

\n

On Saturday, Dali city's public security bureau received a report that the boy had gone missing. In response, the city mobilized a coordinated search and rescue operation involving local police, fire rescue teams, forest firefighters, emergency services, the forestry and grassland administration, and volunteer groups of local civilian rescue teams, the team said in an earlier notice.

\n

By Sunday afternoon, more than 300 personnel, two search dogs, four unmanned drones, and five thermal imaging devices had been deployed to locate the child in the area, which features rugged terrain and dense vegetation.

\n

A resident surnamed Zhang from Dali city, who offered to help with the rescue, told China Daily on Monday that over 380 residents from Dali had created a WeChat group to aid in the rescue, and at least 200 of them had participated in the effort by joining the search on the mountain or organizing supplies.

\n

Contact the writers at lihongyang@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "content": "

A rescue team that had searched extensively for an 8-year-old boy who went missing found him dead on Wednesday, according to a notice released by Dali city, part of the Dali Bai autonomous prefecture in Yunnan province.

\n

The boy was found in a mountain stream north of Qingbi Creek in the city's Dali town at around 5 pm on Wednesday.

\n

Following an on-site examination and thorough investigation, authorities ruled out death by external injury, and found no evidence that the death was the result of a crime, the notice said.

\n

"We are deeply saddened by the loss of the child and extend our heartfelt condolences to the family," the team said in the notice. "We also express our gratitude to all sectors of society for their attention and support during the search and rescue efforts. Further related work is currently underway."

\n

On Saturday, Dali city's public security bureau received a report that the boy had gone missing. In response, the city mobilized a coordinated search and rescue operation involving local police, fire rescue teams, forest firefighters, emergency services, the forestry and grassland administration, and volunteer groups of local civilian rescue teams, the team said in an earlier notice.

\n

By Sunday afternoon, more than 300 personnel, two search dogs, four unmanned drones, and five thermal imaging devices had been deployed to locate the child in the area, which features rugged terrain and dense vegetation.

\n

A resident surnamed Zhang from Dali city, who offered to help with the rescue, told China Daily on Monday that over 380 residents from Dali had created a WeChat group to aid in the rescue, and at least 200 of them had participated in the effort by joining the search on the mountain or organizing supplies.

\n

Contact the writers at lihongyang@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_004_689e52dfed50ccabe15178fe.htm#004CHINA", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "9f23dab169d5bfd433c5564924e25085", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "005CHINA - Human-machine symbiosis on full display at Beijing games", + "description": "

The world's first humanoid robot games opened in Beijing on Thursday, offering a glimpse into what organizers describe as a "new era of human-machine symbiosis".

\n

The 2025 World Humanoid Robot Games began on Thursday evening at the National Speed Skating Oval, known locally as the Ice Ribbon, and will run until Sunday. About 280 teams from 16 countries and regions, bringing together more than 500 robots, are competing in 26 events across 538 matches.

\n

The opening ceremony featured a cultural performance combining Chinese opera, martial arts and robotics, with 60 robots dressed in traditional costumes moving in sync with acrobatic performers.

\n

Stefan Hensel, supervisor of Germany's Sweaty team, praised the Beijing event as "a nice and open community and an Olympic Games for the industry".

\n

"During the games if you have a problem, everybody is ready to help you, and thus the event is set to boost the industry's progress, in particular the software," said Hensel, whose team is a four-time runner-up at the international RoboCup humanoid soccer competition.

\n

Preliminary rounds began on Monday.

\n

Some viewers online said the humanoid soccer matches lacked excitement, as the robots moved stiffly and made clumsy decisions on the pitch.

\n

Lyu Ming, an after-sales manager at Booster Robotics, a Beijing-based company providing the robots for the soccer match during the event, explained that in robot sports, the aim was not entertainment but advancing control, perception and decision-making.

\n

"The awkward movements, algorithm optimization and lessons from failure are all incremental steps as humanoid robots evolve from the lab to commercial use," he said.

\n

Beijing officials said the capital is positioning itself as a national hub for robotics innovation. Jiang Guangzhi, head of the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology, said the city has supported the development of 200 innovative robotic products across 12 categories. These innovative products have been tested and applied in 134 scenarios across 11 industries.

\n

"Through the implementation of a demonstration project featuring hundreds of application scenarios, we are leveraging Beijing's vast and diverse urban environment to enhance scenario innovation and strengthen the connection between supply and demand."

\n

He added that a robot-themed park is planned, featuring applications for ecological monitoring, disinfection, water cleaning and street sweeping.

\n

Industry leaders said continued investment and collaboration are vital if humanoid robotics is to progress beyond research prototypes.

\n

Wang Xingxing, CEO of Unitree Robotics, which is reported to hold an estimated 60 to 70 percent share of the global quadruped robot market, said that investment in the embodied robotics industry remained stable, but further breakthroughs were still needed.

\n

"Achieving humanlike capabilities in robots could take two to three years of technological advancements, or up to five at a slower pace," he said at the 2025 World Robot Conference, which was held in Beijing recently, adding that the robotics boom "is unlikely to last beyond a decade".

\n

About half of Unitree's revenue comes from overseas markets, and Wang said global collaboration was key to the company's strategy.

\n

yangcheng@chinadaily.com.cn

\n



获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", + "content": "

The world's first humanoid robot games opened in Beijing on Thursday, offering a glimpse into what organizers describe as a "new era of human-machine symbiosis".

\n

The 2025 World Humanoid Robot Games began on Thursday evening at the National Speed Skating Oval, known locally as the Ice Ribbon, and will run until Sunday. About 280 teams from 16 countries and regions, bringing together more than 500 robots, are competing in 26 events across 538 matches.

\n

The opening ceremony featured a cultural performance combining Chinese opera, martial arts and robotics, with 60 robots dressed in traditional costumes moving in sync with acrobatic performers.

\n

Stefan Hensel, supervisor of Germany's Sweaty team, praised the Beijing event as "a nice and open community and an Olympic Games for the industry".

\n

"During the games if you have a problem, everybody is ready to help you, and thus the event is set to boost the industry's progress, in particular the software," said Hensel, whose team is a four-time runner-up at the international RoboCup humanoid soccer competition.

\n

Preliminary rounds began on Monday.

\n

Some viewers online said the humanoid soccer matches lacked excitement, as the robots moved stiffly and made clumsy decisions on the pitch.

\n

Lyu Ming, an after-sales manager at Booster Robotics, a Beijing-based company providing the robots for the soccer match during the event, explained that in robot sports, the aim was not entertainment but advancing control, perception and decision-making.

\n

"The awkward movements, algorithm optimization and lessons from failure are all incremental steps as humanoid robots evolve from the lab to commercial use," he said.

\n

Beijing officials said the capital is positioning itself as a national hub for robotics innovation. Jiang Guangzhi, head of the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology, said the city has supported the development of 200 innovative robotic products across 12 categories. These innovative products have been tested and applied in 134 scenarios across 11 industries.

\n

"Through the implementation of a demonstration project featuring hundreds of application scenarios, we are leveraging Beijing's vast and diverse urban environment to enhance scenario innovation and strengthen the connection between supply and demand."

\n

He added that a robot-themed park is planned, featuring applications for ecological monitoring, disinfection, water cleaning and street sweeping.

\n

Industry leaders said continued investment and collaboration are vital if humanoid robotics is to progress beyond research prototypes.

\n

Wang Xingxing, CEO of Unitree Robotics, which is reported to hold an estimated 60 to 70 percent share of the global quadruped robot market, said that investment in the embodied robotics industry remained stable, but further breakthroughs were still needed.

\n

"Achieving humanlike capabilities in robots could take two to three years of technological advancements, or up to five at a slower pace," he said at the 2025 World Robot Conference, which was held in Beijing recently, adding that the robotics boom "is unlikely to last beyond a decade".

\n

About half of Unitree's revenue comes from overseas markets, and Wang said global collaboration was key to the company's strategy.

\n

yangcheng@chinadaily.com.cn

\n



获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_005_689e52e3ed50ccabe15178ff.htm#005CHINA", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "0fded994d4ff3fd0882a90239f7c2aea", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "005CHINA - Officially adults", + "description": "

Senior students and their parents pose for a photo during a ceremony at a high school in Pingliang, Gansu province, on Wednesday to celebrate the beginning of the students' adulthood. During the ceremony, typically held for high school seniors when they turn 18, a total of 1,200 students marked their transition by wearing special "adulthood caps", taking a group oath and crossing an "adulthood gate" in the presence of their teachers and parents.

\n

", + "content": "

Senior students and their parents pose for a photo during a ceremony at a high school in Pingliang, Gansu province, on Wednesday to celebrate the beginning of the students' adulthood. During the ceremony, typically held for high school seniors when they turn 18, a total of 1,200 students marked their transition by wearing special "adulthood caps", taking a group oath and crossing an "adulthood gate" in the presence of their teachers and parents.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_005_689e52e7ed50ccabe1517900.htm#005CHINA", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "6940f96f8b8ed579610db95a646221e0", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "005CHINA - Retailers tout robots at innovative tech festival", + "description": "
\n

As the doors swing open at Beijing's new robot-themed restaurant, diners are greeted by humanoid workers who nod and speak in lifelike gestures, while robotic servers glide between tables delivering dishes and a robot band plays drums and guitars, turning a dining experience into a futuristic spectacle.

\n

"The restaurant gives me a fresh sense of technology. It's quite an amazing attempt," said Ding Wenjun, a tourist from Jiangxi province.

\n

Sun Ling, head of the Robot Restaurant, said, "It is not only an immersive dining place integrating cuisine, culture and technology, but also provides a scenario for robot application and data collection."

\n

The tech-savvy restaurant is participating in the E-Town Robot Consumption Festival, running from Aug 2 to Sunday. The event was organized by the administrative committee of the Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, also known as Beijing E-Town.

\n

Making its debut at the festival is the Robot Mall, a 4,000-square-meter "robot 4S" store. It features more than 50 products across medical, industrial and companion robotics.

\n

For example, the Galbot G1, a wheeled-chassis humanoid robot, can retrieve medications from shelves and deliver them directly to patients.

\n

"It can automatically dispense and distribute medications, alleviating the heavy workload of nurses and reducing the risk of human error," said Meng Yanpei, a manager at the mall. "In pharmacies, it serves emergency patients, especially at night, while also lowering operating costs by taking over repetitive tasks."

\n

Over 10 pharmacies in Beijing are now operating 24 hours a day with the use of a Galbot G1. The robot is priced at 680,000 yuan ($94,800), a 50,000 yuan discount, at the 4S store during the festival.

\n

As of Tuesday, more than 19,000 robots and related products have been sold during the festival, generating total sales of over 200 million yuan. Meanwhile, the distribution of consumption vouchers has boosted sales by over 60 million yuan, according to the administrative committee of Beijing E-Town.

\n

Meanwhile, shopping malls and e-commerce platform JD.com are hosting sales campaigns at the festival. Enterprises can enjoy subsidies of up to 250,000 yuan on robot purchases.

\n

Targeting online consumers, JD.com has showcased over 680 robots and related products, including quadruped, biped, exoskeleton, and educational and companion robots, offering a maximum subsidy of 600 yuan for a single product.

\n

"In the past, these robots were priced in the millions of yuan, but now they are becoming more affordable," said Xu Lei, head of the Intelligent Robot Business Department under the 3C Digital Business Group of JD.com. "We hope to leverage the advantages of online sales, brand support and supply chains to make robots accessible to more consumers."

\n

Zhang Hao, chief scientist of ALVA (Beijing) Technology Co, said that robots are still in their infancy and are often used mainly for display. "Even though they may stagger while walking, they captivate us because we can sense their intelligence gradually maturing."

\n

"Only when robots help customers make money will they buy and keep buying such machines," said Zhang, adding that such machines must be practical, affordable, versatile and of effective use for consumers.

\n

Zhang's perspective echoes that of Massimiliano Zecca, a professor of healthcare technology at Loughborough University in the United Kingdom.

\n

"Humanoid robots now require an engineering team to look after them," the professor said. "They need to bring real value to form a natural market."

\n

Despite the limitations of the robots, Zecca was clearly impressed by a humanoid coffee barista crafting intricate latte art at the 2025 World Robot Conference, which concluded on Tuesday.

\n

"I would pay for a cup of coffee with artistic flavor. The evolution of humanoid robots will surely provide more choices to meet personal preferences," Zecca said.

\n

", + "content": "
\n

As the doors swing open at Beijing's new robot-themed restaurant, diners are greeted by humanoid workers who nod and speak in lifelike gestures, while robotic servers glide between tables delivering dishes and a robot band plays drums and guitars, turning a dining experience into a futuristic spectacle.

\n

"The restaurant gives me a fresh sense of technology. It's quite an amazing attempt," said Ding Wenjun, a tourist from Jiangxi province.

\n

Sun Ling, head of the Robot Restaurant, said, "It is not only an immersive dining place integrating cuisine, culture and technology, but also provides a scenario for robot application and data collection."

\n

The tech-savvy restaurant is participating in the E-Town Robot Consumption Festival, running from Aug 2 to Sunday. The event was organized by the administrative committee of the Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, also known as Beijing E-Town.

\n

Making its debut at the festival is the Robot Mall, a 4,000-square-meter "robot 4S" store. It features more than 50 products across medical, industrial and companion robotics.

\n

For example, the Galbot G1, a wheeled-chassis humanoid robot, can retrieve medications from shelves and deliver them directly to patients.

\n

"It can automatically dispense and distribute medications, alleviating the heavy workload of nurses and reducing the risk of human error," said Meng Yanpei, a manager at the mall. "In pharmacies, it serves emergency patients, especially at night, while also lowering operating costs by taking over repetitive tasks."

\n

Over 10 pharmacies in Beijing are now operating 24 hours a day with the use of a Galbot G1. The robot is priced at 680,000 yuan ($94,800), a 50,000 yuan discount, at the 4S store during the festival.

\n

As of Tuesday, more than 19,000 robots and related products have been sold during the festival, generating total sales of over 200 million yuan. Meanwhile, the distribution of consumption vouchers has boosted sales by over 60 million yuan, according to the administrative committee of Beijing E-Town.

\n

Meanwhile, shopping malls and e-commerce platform JD.com are hosting sales campaigns at the festival. Enterprises can enjoy subsidies of up to 250,000 yuan on robot purchases.

\n

Targeting online consumers, JD.com has showcased over 680 robots and related products, including quadruped, biped, exoskeleton, and educational and companion robots, offering a maximum subsidy of 600 yuan for a single product.

\n

"In the past, these robots were priced in the millions of yuan, but now they are becoming more affordable," said Xu Lei, head of the Intelligent Robot Business Department under the 3C Digital Business Group of JD.com. "We hope to leverage the advantages of online sales, brand support and supply chains to make robots accessible to more consumers."

\n

Zhang Hao, chief scientist of ALVA (Beijing) Technology Co, said that robots are still in their infancy and are often used mainly for display. "Even though they may stagger while walking, they captivate us because we can sense their intelligence gradually maturing."

\n

"Only when robots help customers make money will they buy and keep buying such machines," said Zhang, adding that such machines must be practical, affordable, versatile and of effective use for consumers.

\n

Zhang's perspective echoes that of Massimiliano Zecca, a professor of healthcare technology at Loughborough University in the United Kingdom.

\n

"Humanoid robots now require an engineering team to look after them," the professor said. "They need to bring real value to form a natural market."

\n

Despite the limitations of the robots, Zecca was clearly impressed by a humanoid coffee barista crafting intricate latte art at the 2025 World Robot Conference, which concluded on Tuesday.

\n

"I would pay for a cup of coffee with artistic flavor. The evolution of humanoid robots will surely provide more choices to meet personal preferences," Zecca said.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_005_689e52eced50ccabe1517901.htm#005CHINA", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "e1fb88a56ea7c3bce75f1ea512b9c1c3", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "005CHINA - Tourist destinations in GBA unite to entice visitors", + "description": "

Tourists experience the unique charm of historical and modern elements on Rua do Cunha in Macao on April 14.

\n

Deeper collaboration among iconic commercial streets in Hong Kong, Macao and Guangdong province's Shenzhen signifies a transition from business rivalry to joint development, a crucial step in developing the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area into a more appealing global tourism destination, experts said.

\n

Looking ahead, the experts aspire to witness creatively fused activities that authentically blend the unique characteristics of the three cities, more digitalized and intelligent business blocks, and a broader, more coordinated alliance among the cluster's major commercial streets.

\n

The Dongmen Chamber of Commerce in Shenzhen and Macao's Industry and Commerce Federation of Islands signed a cooperation agreement on Aug 8, linking two of the regions' best-known heritage shopping streets — the former's Dongmen Old Street and the latter's Rua do Cunha.

\n

Both streets are key cultural and commercial landmarks. Nestled in Shenzhen's Luohu district, Dongmen, which is among Shenzhen's earliest and largest commercial hubs, has witnessed the city's transformation from a fishing village into a modern metropolis. Meanwhile, Rua do Cunha, formed in the late 19th century, is a pedestrian strip in Macao lined with shops and restaurants that blend Chinese and Portuguese culinary and cultural influences.

\n

The two sides will establish a regular communication mechanism to engage in deep collaboration in areas such as tourism promotion, cultural creativity, brand development, youth entrepreneurship and smart commerce.

\n

This is not the first such initiative. Last July, a similar agreement was struck between Dongmen and Hong Kong's Temple Street, which has since spawned joint food festivals, group tours and sports events, as well as a livestreaming talent program for young people from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.

\n

In September, all three streets will jointly host a mid-autumn food and culture carnival, with synchronized events in Shenzhen, Hong Kong and Macao.

\n

During this year's National Day Golden Week, travel agencies will also roll out a special itinerary linking the three sites, enabling visitors to experience their unique cultures.

\n

According to Shenzhen's Dongmen Chamber of Commerce, such collaborations facilitate the sharing of brand resources and product diversification among commercial streets. The deeper ties also help facilitate the organization of large scale festive events to stimulate consumption and promote tourism through cross-regional travel products.

\n

It attributes the emergence of this new type of collaborative model to the increasing demand for cross-border consumption; the complementary resource advantages among commercial streets; Luohu district's supportive policies for boosting consumption; and the convenient transportation options within the Greater Bay Area.

\n

Iun Ioc-va, chairman of the Industry and Commerce Federation of Islands of Macao, said the effort not only greatly enriches the experience of diverse activities and cultures for travelers all in one single trip, but also boosts consumption in the hotel, dining, retail and other sectors.

\n

He also noted the joint promotion allows for resource integration, creating a stronger market presence that attracts more international visitors, making the Greater Bay Area a more compelling global tourism destination.

\n

Song Ding, director of the research institute of China Urban Experts Network and a researcher of the China Development Institute, pointed out that all three cities have realized that relying solely on individual development is no longer sufficient to support the growth of commercial streets, generating the need to band together for mutual support.

\n

Unlike traditional pure government-led business collaborations, this new model is based on cooperation between commercial districts, with the government providing essential behind-the-scenes support.

\n

Hailing it as a great breakthrough, Song noted that the history of Hong Kong and Macao as free ports and Shenzhen's leadership in free market reforms create a unique foundation for this partnership.

\n

From the chambers' perspectives, they are more attuned to market demands, with greater flexibility in operational decisions, while governments can assist by streamlining administrative procedures such as customs clearance and logistics.

\n

Timothy Chui, executive director of the Hong Kong Tourism Association, described this "pairing" between the three regions as a "two-way pursuit". He noted that the collaboration will not only promote the exchange of goods, people and services, but also allow each region to retain its unique cultural traditions and commercial characteristics.

\n

He added that the upcoming 15th National Games, which will be jointly hosted by Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao in November, is a key opportunity to further these exchanges.

\n

To improve the effectiveness of the collaboration, Iun said he is looking forward to the launch of brand crossover pop-up stores that bring local specialties to other cities; youth maker markets that showcase innovative products made by young people; and a culinary festival that invites chefs to develop fusion dishes.

\n

He also called for developing a mobile app to integrate merchant information, coupons, event calendars and transportation guides from the three regions, providing tourists with one-stop convenient services.

\n

In the long run, he envisioned forming an alliance to attract more influential commercial streets in the region. Featuring broader coverage and stronger interconnection, he said it will jointly enhance the overall competitiveness of the Greater Bay Area's cultural and tourism industry.

\n

The Dongmen Chamber of Commerce in Shenzhen advocates for enhancing the integration and sharing of distinctive products, cultural heritages and folk activities to bolster business cooperation and tourism route development.

\n

The chamber proposes standardizing logo design and promotional slogans to fortify brand construction and promotion. Additionally, improving customs clearance efficiency and enhancing transportation connections near the border will also help enhance visitors' experiences.

\n

Furthermore, the chamber encourages businesses to participate in cross-border livestreaming events to broaden their sales channels, and looks forward to partnerships among shops for joint operations and brand collaborations.

\n

It emphasized that the key to effectively blending the streets' features is finding the "connecting points" within differences. For instance, the three cities can leverage the cultural commonalities in the region and launch activities centered around Greater Bay Area residents' life memories or folk art expressions.

\n

Echoing the chambers, Song emphasized the need to deeply explore and appropriately present the cultural connotations of different commercial streets. For example, Dongmen Old Street can highlight Shenzhen's citizen culture and reform spirit.

\n

For the commercial streets' long-term development, Song called for upgrading existing facilities, enhancing the blocks' digitalization and intelligence, and making the bustling downtown areas more internationally appealing.

\n

bingcun@chinadailyhk.com

\n

", + "content": "

Tourists experience the unique charm of historical and modern elements on Rua do Cunha in Macao on April 14.

\n

Deeper collaboration among iconic commercial streets in Hong Kong, Macao and Guangdong province's Shenzhen signifies a transition from business rivalry to joint development, a crucial step in developing the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area into a more appealing global tourism destination, experts said.

\n

Looking ahead, the experts aspire to witness creatively fused activities that authentically blend the unique characteristics of the three cities, more digitalized and intelligent business blocks, and a broader, more coordinated alliance among the cluster's major commercial streets.

\n

The Dongmen Chamber of Commerce in Shenzhen and Macao's Industry and Commerce Federation of Islands signed a cooperation agreement on Aug 8, linking two of the regions' best-known heritage shopping streets — the former's Dongmen Old Street and the latter's Rua do Cunha.

\n

Both streets are key cultural and commercial landmarks. Nestled in Shenzhen's Luohu district, Dongmen, which is among Shenzhen's earliest and largest commercial hubs, has witnessed the city's transformation from a fishing village into a modern metropolis. Meanwhile, Rua do Cunha, formed in the late 19th century, is a pedestrian strip in Macao lined with shops and restaurants that blend Chinese and Portuguese culinary and cultural influences.

\n

The two sides will establish a regular communication mechanism to engage in deep collaboration in areas such as tourism promotion, cultural creativity, brand development, youth entrepreneurship and smart commerce.

\n

This is not the first such initiative. Last July, a similar agreement was struck between Dongmen and Hong Kong's Temple Street, which has since spawned joint food festivals, group tours and sports events, as well as a livestreaming talent program for young people from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.

\n

In September, all three streets will jointly host a mid-autumn food and culture carnival, with synchronized events in Shenzhen, Hong Kong and Macao.

\n

During this year's National Day Golden Week, travel agencies will also roll out a special itinerary linking the three sites, enabling visitors to experience their unique cultures.

\n

According to Shenzhen's Dongmen Chamber of Commerce, such collaborations facilitate the sharing of brand resources and product diversification among commercial streets. The deeper ties also help facilitate the organization of large scale festive events to stimulate consumption and promote tourism through cross-regional travel products.

\n

It attributes the emergence of this new type of collaborative model to the increasing demand for cross-border consumption; the complementary resource advantages among commercial streets; Luohu district's supportive policies for boosting consumption; and the convenient transportation options within the Greater Bay Area.

\n

Iun Ioc-va, chairman of the Industry and Commerce Federation of Islands of Macao, said the effort not only greatly enriches the experience of diverse activities and cultures for travelers all in one single trip, but also boosts consumption in the hotel, dining, retail and other sectors.

\n

He also noted the joint promotion allows for resource integration, creating a stronger market presence that attracts more international visitors, making the Greater Bay Area a more compelling global tourism destination.

\n

Song Ding, director of the research institute of China Urban Experts Network and a researcher of the China Development Institute, pointed out that all three cities have realized that relying solely on individual development is no longer sufficient to support the growth of commercial streets, generating the need to band together for mutual support.

\n

Unlike traditional pure government-led business collaborations, this new model is based on cooperation between commercial districts, with the government providing essential behind-the-scenes support.

\n

Hailing it as a great breakthrough, Song noted that the history of Hong Kong and Macao as free ports and Shenzhen's leadership in free market reforms create a unique foundation for this partnership.

\n

From the chambers' perspectives, they are more attuned to market demands, with greater flexibility in operational decisions, while governments can assist by streamlining administrative procedures such as customs clearance and logistics.

\n

Timothy Chui, executive director of the Hong Kong Tourism Association, described this "pairing" between the three regions as a "two-way pursuit". He noted that the collaboration will not only promote the exchange of goods, people and services, but also allow each region to retain its unique cultural traditions and commercial characteristics.

\n

He added that the upcoming 15th National Games, which will be jointly hosted by Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao in November, is a key opportunity to further these exchanges.

\n

To improve the effectiveness of the collaboration, Iun said he is looking forward to the launch of brand crossover pop-up stores that bring local specialties to other cities; youth maker markets that showcase innovative products made by young people; and a culinary festival that invites chefs to develop fusion dishes.

\n

He also called for developing a mobile app to integrate merchant information, coupons, event calendars and transportation guides from the three regions, providing tourists with one-stop convenient services.

\n

In the long run, he envisioned forming an alliance to attract more influential commercial streets in the region. Featuring broader coverage and stronger interconnection, he said it will jointly enhance the overall competitiveness of the Greater Bay Area's cultural and tourism industry.

\n

The Dongmen Chamber of Commerce in Shenzhen advocates for enhancing the integration and sharing of distinctive products, cultural heritages and folk activities to bolster business cooperation and tourism route development.

\n

The chamber proposes standardizing logo design and promotional slogans to fortify brand construction and promotion. Additionally, improving customs clearance efficiency and enhancing transportation connections near the border will also help enhance visitors' experiences.

\n

Furthermore, the chamber encourages businesses to participate in cross-border livestreaming events to broaden their sales channels, and looks forward to partnerships among shops for joint operations and brand collaborations.

\n

It emphasized that the key to effectively blending the streets' features is finding the "connecting points" within differences. For instance, the three cities can leverage the cultural commonalities in the region and launch activities centered around Greater Bay Area residents' life memories or folk art expressions.

\n

Echoing the chambers, Song emphasized the need to deeply explore and appropriately present the cultural connotations of different commercial streets. For example, Dongmen Old Street can highlight Shenzhen's citizen culture and reform spirit.

\n

For the commercial streets' long-term development, Song called for upgrading existing facilities, enhancing the blocks' digitalization and intelligence, and making the bustling downtown areas more internationally appealing.

\n

bingcun@chinadailyhk.com

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_005_689e52f0ed50ccabe1517902.htm#005CHINA", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "d74a754ca91737b688d06b459e4afdda", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "006CHINA - Scientists break ground on DNA synthesis", + "description": "

Online Scan the code to watch the video.

\n

Yuan Yingjin

\n

Industrial biotechnology researchers work in a laboratory affiliated with the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Tianjin in January last year.

\n

An artist's impression of DNA information storage technology.

\n

A recent breakthrough in synthetic biology in Tianjin could pave the way for new treatments for genetic diseases like sickle cell disease and congenital deafness.

\n

A study published in the science methodology journal Nature Methods on July 10 by a team of scientists from Tianjin University claimed to have synthesized a human genome fragment exceeding one million base pairs in length, and successfully transferred it into mice embryos to verify its function.

\n

According to those involved, this achievement marks a significant advancement in human genome synthesis and transfer technology.

\n

The human genome is closely linked to human life, health and disease. Since the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003, scientists have been trying to synthesize the human genome, but have long struggled with technological bottlenecks.

\n

Over 50 percent of the human genome consists of complex repetitive sequences, posing a considerable challenge to precise synthesis.

\n

"It's like a jigsaw puzzle with millions of pieces, many of which look very similar, making the assembly extremely challenging," said Yuan Yingjin, who led the team.

\n

Yuan, who is also an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and director of the State Key Lab of Synthetic Biology, said that even if long genome fragments are synthesized, validating their genetic function is difficult without transferring them into an animal.

\n

Yuan's team has developed the SynNICE method to tackle this problem.

\n

"Using this method, we have for the first time completed the synthesis of high-repetition human DNA at the million-base-pair level and efficiently transferred this fragment intact into early mice embryos using a yeast nucleus as the transfer shuttle," Yuan said.

\n

Internationally, most research teams in human DNA synthesis are still working at the hundred-kilo-base-pair level and find it challenging to efficiently transfer DNA into mammalian embryos.

\n

This makes this latest development a significant leap forward.

\n

"For decades, scientists have enhanced their understanding of the human genome through sequencing and reading information. By adopting a bottom-up approach to synthesize genes from basic units, we can more directly reveal causal relationships among genome sequences, functions and diseases," Yuan said.

\n

"Scientists are no longer content merely to 'read' and 'edit' the book of life — they now have the ability to 'write' new chapters in it," he added.

\n

The team's research focused on a segment called AZFa on the human Y chromosome, chosen because its deletion is a cause of untreatable male infertility. Synthesizing this segment posed significant challenges, as over 69 percent of its sequence consists of repetitive elements, making it extremely prone to mismatches and recombination, which could lead to failure, Yuan explained.

\n

To overcome this challenge, the team devised a combined assembly strategy. Initially, they divided the sequence into over 200 smaller fragments, which were then assembled into 23 medium-sized components using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, also known as brewer's yeast. These components were further assembled into four larger structures, again utilizing the yeast.

\n

Finally, employing the gene-editing technique CRISPR-Cas9 and a yeast mating system, the team successfully assembled all fragments into a single, perfectly integrated artificial synthetic chromosome spanning 1.14 million base pairs.

\n

Brewer's yeast was used as it serves as a powerful biological tool equipped with a highly efficient homologous recombination system that automatically recognizes and seamlessly joins matching DNA sequences, said Yuan.

\n

The problem remained of how to safely transfer this large and fragile genome fragment into mice embryos. The team solved this by using yeast nuclei as natural, solid carriers.

\n

"If transferring DNA across species is like a moon landing mission on Earth, our use of yeast nuclei is akin to the spacecraft that safely transports astronauts between Earth and the moon, protecting and compressing the synthetic genome," said Yuan.

\n

This method involves isolating the entire yeast nucleus containing the synthetic DNA. This nucleus acts as a natural, sturdy transport capsule, providing perfect physical protection for the genetic material inside, said Liu Yue, a member of the research team.

\n

The research can shed new light on the treatment of diseases related to chromosomal anomalies. In the future, by synthesizing key gene fragments, scientists may be able to correct defects in the AZFa region causing infertility. Understanding the correlation between genomic variations and diseases can also guide treatments for conditions such as cancer.

\n

Tang Fuchou, a professor at Peking University, said the SynNICE method could potentially extend the functional lifespan of xenotransplantation with humanized pig donor organs in human bodies from two to three years to several decades, offering revolutionary hope for addressing the global organ shortage.

\n

Yuan said the substantial resources provided for basic research were crucial for the team to be able to tackle such "unclaimed territories" in science, such as repetitive sequence assembly and nuclear transfer.

\n

Interdisciplinary collaboration was essential, bringing together experts in synthetic biology, medicine, developmental biology and epigenetics, he said. Gene function validation in the research was carried out by teams from Tianjin University and Tsinghua University, with several hospitals providing real clinical cases for the study.

\n

"Humanity is still in the technology development stage for DNA synthesis. While advancing technological innovation, China remains highly attentive to biosecurity," he said.

\n

In 2017, Tianjin University led scientists from over 20 countries across four continents in drafting the "Tianjin Biosecurity Guidelines for Codes of Conduct for Scientists", which the World Health Organization has recognized as a global biosecurity ethical standard.

\n

Yuan said the ability to synthesize large genomes could spark a medical revolution, potentially curing currently incurable diseases and paving the way for new treatments.

\n

The study report was titled De novo Assembly and Delivery of Synthetic Megabase-Scale Human DNA into Mouse Early Embryos.

\n

yandongjie@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "content": "

Online Scan the code to watch the video.

\n

Yuan Yingjin

\n

Industrial biotechnology researchers work in a laboratory affiliated with the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Tianjin in January last year.

\n

An artist's impression of DNA information storage technology.

\n

A recent breakthrough in synthetic biology in Tianjin could pave the way for new treatments for genetic diseases like sickle cell disease and congenital deafness.

\n

A study published in the science methodology journal Nature Methods on July 10 by a team of scientists from Tianjin University claimed to have synthesized a human genome fragment exceeding one million base pairs in length, and successfully transferred it into mice embryos to verify its function.

\n

According to those involved, this achievement marks a significant advancement in human genome synthesis and transfer technology.

\n

The human genome is closely linked to human life, health and disease. Since the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003, scientists have been trying to synthesize the human genome, but have long struggled with technological bottlenecks.

\n

Over 50 percent of the human genome consists of complex repetitive sequences, posing a considerable challenge to precise synthesis.

\n

"It's like a jigsaw puzzle with millions of pieces, many of which look very similar, making the assembly extremely challenging," said Yuan Yingjin, who led the team.

\n

Yuan, who is also an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and director of the State Key Lab of Synthetic Biology, said that even if long genome fragments are synthesized, validating their genetic function is difficult without transferring them into an animal.

\n

Yuan's team has developed the SynNICE method to tackle this problem.

\n

"Using this method, we have for the first time completed the synthesis of high-repetition human DNA at the million-base-pair level and efficiently transferred this fragment intact into early mice embryos using a yeast nucleus as the transfer shuttle," Yuan said.

\n

Internationally, most research teams in human DNA synthesis are still working at the hundred-kilo-base-pair level and find it challenging to efficiently transfer DNA into mammalian embryos.

\n

This makes this latest development a significant leap forward.

\n

"For decades, scientists have enhanced their understanding of the human genome through sequencing and reading information. By adopting a bottom-up approach to synthesize genes from basic units, we can more directly reveal causal relationships among genome sequences, functions and diseases," Yuan said.

\n

"Scientists are no longer content merely to 'read' and 'edit' the book of life — they now have the ability to 'write' new chapters in it," he added.

\n

The team's research focused on a segment called AZFa on the human Y chromosome, chosen because its deletion is a cause of untreatable male infertility. Synthesizing this segment posed significant challenges, as over 69 percent of its sequence consists of repetitive elements, making it extremely prone to mismatches and recombination, which could lead to failure, Yuan explained.

\n

To overcome this challenge, the team devised a combined assembly strategy. Initially, they divided the sequence into over 200 smaller fragments, which were then assembled into 23 medium-sized components using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, also known as brewer's yeast. These components were further assembled into four larger structures, again utilizing the yeast.

\n

Finally, employing the gene-editing technique CRISPR-Cas9 and a yeast mating system, the team successfully assembled all fragments into a single, perfectly integrated artificial synthetic chromosome spanning 1.14 million base pairs.

\n

Brewer's yeast was used as it serves as a powerful biological tool equipped with a highly efficient homologous recombination system that automatically recognizes and seamlessly joins matching DNA sequences, said Yuan.

\n

The problem remained of how to safely transfer this large and fragile genome fragment into mice embryos. The team solved this by using yeast nuclei as natural, solid carriers.

\n

"If transferring DNA across species is like a moon landing mission on Earth, our use of yeast nuclei is akin to the spacecraft that safely transports astronauts between Earth and the moon, protecting and compressing the synthetic genome," said Yuan.

\n

This method involves isolating the entire yeast nucleus containing the synthetic DNA. This nucleus acts as a natural, sturdy transport capsule, providing perfect physical protection for the genetic material inside, said Liu Yue, a member of the research team.

\n

The research can shed new light on the treatment of diseases related to chromosomal anomalies. In the future, by synthesizing key gene fragments, scientists may be able to correct defects in the AZFa region causing infertility. Understanding the correlation between genomic variations and diseases can also guide treatments for conditions such as cancer.

\n

Tang Fuchou, a professor at Peking University, said the SynNICE method could potentially extend the functional lifespan of xenotransplantation with humanized pig donor organs in human bodies from two to three years to several decades, offering revolutionary hope for addressing the global organ shortage.

\n

Yuan said the substantial resources provided for basic research were crucial for the team to be able to tackle such "unclaimed territories" in science, such as repetitive sequence assembly and nuclear transfer.

\n

Interdisciplinary collaboration was essential, bringing together experts in synthetic biology, medicine, developmental biology and epigenetics, he said. Gene function validation in the research was carried out by teams from Tianjin University and Tsinghua University, with several hospitals providing real clinical cases for the study.

\n

"Humanity is still in the technology development stage for DNA synthesis. While advancing technological innovation, China remains highly attentive to biosecurity," he said.

\n

In 2017, Tianjin University led scientists from over 20 countries across four continents in drafting the "Tianjin Biosecurity Guidelines for Codes of Conduct for Scientists", which the World Health Organization has recognized as a global biosecurity ethical standard.

\n

Yuan said the ability to synthesize large genomes could spark a medical revolution, potentially curing currently incurable diseases and paving the way for new treatments.

\n

The study report was titled De novo Assembly and Delivery of Synthetic Megabase-Scale Human DNA into Mouse Early Embryos.

\n

yandongjie@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_006_689e52f4ed50ccabe1517903.htm#006CHINA", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "e90d626e1b0f50246ef67c71346551a7", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "006CHINA - China moves ahead with research into brain-computer interfaces", + "description": "

Online Scan the code to watch the video.

\n

Using mixed reality, a researcher demonstrates the spatial relationship between a micrometer-level brain-computer interface and a lab rat's brain in Beijing in March.

\n

China's first undergraduate students with a specialization in brain-computer interface conduct in-class experiments at Tianjin University in Tianjin in November last year.

\n

China has achieved a series of milestones in the field of brain-computer interface technology this year, notably in the clinical translation of invasive techniques, bringing new hope to patients with neurological disorders.

\n

These developments signify that China is among the forerunners of this cutting-edge field, scientists said.

\n

BCI technology is considered a revolutionary approach to addressing neurological function deficits. It works by decoding electrical signals in the brain and simulating the transmission of instructions, bypassing or bridging damaged neural pathways, according to the Institute of Automation at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

\n

"This technology is expected to be widely applied to severe motor or communication dysfunctions caused by conditions like ALS, paraplegia and spinal cord injuries, helping patients regain some level of daily functionality," said Cao Shenghao, a doctoral student at the institute.

\n

For patients who have undergone amputations but still retain normal brain function, BCIs can transmit brain-generated motion commands to external devices such as computer cursors or robotic arms.

\n

For those with spinal cord injuries, the technology aims to establish "information bridges" above and below the nerve breakpoints to restore command transmission.

\n

Last month, a research team from Nankai University in Tianjin led the world's first interventional BCI trial to assist with the restoration of motor function in patients' affected limbs. It enabled a patient who had been paralyzed on the left side for six months due to a stroke to regain the capabilities of movement and take medication after the procedure.

\n

Significant breakthroughs have also been made in interventions for speech disabilities. A project led by the Beijing Institute for Brain Research achieved the first clinical application of a wireless implanted Chinese language BCI system in the country.

\n

In the trial, a patient who lost the ability to speak because of ALS was able to successfully express complete sentences like "I want a drink of water" and "I want to take a walk with my family" by having their brain signals decoded into language intentions.

\n

Last month, the Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology at the CAS announced that a man who lost all four limbs due to a high-voltage electricity accident had demonstrated proficiency in controlling chess pieces and racing games with his thoughts alone, just 2 to 3 weeks after a BCI device was implanted in March.

\n

His operational speed was close to that of normal people using a computer touch pad. This achievement made China only the second country in the world to successfully enter the clinical trial phase with invasive BCIs.

\n

BCI technology pathways are diverse, comprising invasive, semi-invasive and noninvasive types. "Among them, invasive BCIs, which involve implanting electrodes directly into the cerebral cortex, can capture higher resolution and more stable neural signals," Cao said.

\n

"They hold significant potential in neurorehabilitation but also face surgical risks and ethical challenges, representing the highest technical difficulty and regulatory requirements," he said.

\n

Obtaining high-quality signals requires deep brain access, but the surgery itself can cause damage, he said.

\n

"The goal of scientists in this field is to minimize such damage, and the most direct method is to reduce the size of the implantation window."

\n

Cui Yue, an associate researcher at the Institute of Automation at the CAS, said rigid electrodes cannot accommodate the slight movements of brain tissue during physiological activities and can easily cause nerve drag and damage. In contrast, flexible electrodes, which are made of soft, adaptive materials, can move naturally with brain tissue, reducing damage and scarring, making them more suitable for long-term stable implantation.

\n

Cui's team has reduced the implantation damage to 300 microns and replaced traditional rigid electrodes with flexible electrodes.

\n

However, the extreme softness of flexible electrodes brings implantation challenges. To address this, the Institute of Automation has developed the "CyberSense" flexible micro-electrode implantation robot, pioneering a "sewing machine-style" automatic implantation technology.

\n

"Just like threading a needle, we thread the flexible electrode wire into a fine needle and use the needle tip to precisely deliver the electrode to the designated brain area, then withdraw the needle, leaving only the electrode in place," Cui said.

\n

The efficiency of reading brain signals is critical, directly impacting the accuracy and complexity of BCI tools.

\n

Doctoral student Cao said that many factors affect the reading efficiency, including electrode materials and the number of collection channels.

\n

These are key areas of focus for BCI scientists. Increasing the number of signal collection channels within the same volume of implant devices allows for more complete brain activity information to be restored, laying the foundation for subsequent functional implementation, Cao said.

\n

"Breakthroughs in artificial intelligence technology have contributed greatly to the current development of BCIs," he said. "Even when dealing with the same segment of brain signals, AI now enables us to decode richer neural information than before."

\n

BCIs not only serve clinical medical purposes but also have the potential to expand into everyday life applications in the future, according to Cao, such as providing sleep regulation, emotional monitoring and attention enhancement.

\n

"The current development stage of BCIs is still in its infancy, like a child just learning to walk, but it holds tremendous potential for breakthrough development in the future," he said.

\n

", + "content": "

Online Scan the code to watch the video.

\n

Using mixed reality, a researcher demonstrates the spatial relationship between a micrometer-level brain-computer interface and a lab rat's brain in Beijing in March.

\n

China's first undergraduate students with a specialization in brain-computer interface conduct in-class experiments at Tianjin University in Tianjin in November last year.

\n

China has achieved a series of milestones in the field of brain-computer interface technology this year, notably in the clinical translation of invasive techniques, bringing new hope to patients with neurological disorders.

\n

These developments signify that China is among the forerunners of this cutting-edge field, scientists said.

\n

BCI technology is considered a revolutionary approach to addressing neurological function deficits. It works by decoding electrical signals in the brain and simulating the transmission of instructions, bypassing or bridging damaged neural pathways, according to the Institute of Automation at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

\n

"This technology is expected to be widely applied to severe motor or communication dysfunctions caused by conditions like ALS, paraplegia and spinal cord injuries, helping patients regain some level of daily functionality," said Cao Shenghao, a doctoral student at the institute.

\n

For patients who have undergone amputations but still retain normal brain function, BCIs can transmit brain-generated motion commands to external devices such as computer cursors or robotic arms.

\n

For those with spinal cord injuries, the technology aims to establish "information bridges" above and below the nerve breakpoints to restore command transmission.

\n

Last month, a research team from Nankai University in Tianjin led the world's first interventional BCI trial to assist with the restoration of motor function in patients' affected limbs. It enabled a patient who had been paralyzed on the left side for six months due to a stroke to regain the capabilities of movement and take medication after the procedure.

\n

Significant breakthroughs have also been made in interventions for speech disabilities. A project led by the Beijing Institute for Brain Research achieved the first clinical application of a wireless implanted Chinese language BCI system in the country.

\n

In the trial, a patient who lost the ability to speak because of ALS was able to successfully express complete sentences like "I want a drink of water" and "I want to take a walk with my family" by having their brain signals decoded into language intentions.

\n

Last month, the Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology at the CAS announced that a man who lost all four limbs due to a high-voltage electricity accident had demonstrated proficiency in controlling chess pieces and racing games with his thoughts alone, just 2 to 3 weeks after a BCI device was implanted in March.

\n

His operational speed was close to that of normal people using a computer touch pad. This achievement made China only the second country in the world to successfully enter the clinical trial phase with invasive BCIs.

\n

BCI technology pathways are diverse, comprising invasive, semi-invasive and noninvasive types. "Among them, invasive BCIs, which involve implanting electrodes directly into the cerebral cortex, can capture higher resolution and more stable neural signals," Cao said.

\n

"They hold significant potential in neurorehabilitation but also face surgical risks and ethical challenges, representing the highest technical difficulty and regulatory requirements," he said.

\n

Obtaining high-quality signals requires deep brain access, but the surgery itself can cause damage, he said.

\n

"The goal of scientists in this field is to minimize such damage, and the most direct method is to reduce the size of the implantation window."

\n

Cui Yue, an associate researcher at the Institute of Automation at the CAS, said rigid electrodes cannot accommodate the slight movements of brain tissue during physiological activities and can easily cause nerve drag and damage. In contrast, flexible electrodes, which are made of soft, adaptive materials, can move naturally with brain tissue, reducing damage and scarring, making them more suitable for long-term stable implantation.

\n

Cui's team has reduced the implantation damage to 300 microns and replaced traditional rigid electrodes with flexible electrodes.

\n

However, the extreme softness of flexible electrodes brings implantation challenges. To address this, the Institute of Automation has developed the "CyberSense" flexible micro-electrode implantation robot, pioneering a "sewing machine-style" automatic implantation technology.

\n

"Just like threading a needle, we thread the flexible electrode wire into a fine needle and use the needle tip to precisely deliver the electrode to the designated brain area, then withdraw the needle, leaving only the electrode in place," Cui said.

\n

The efficiency of reading brain signals is critical, directly impacting the accuracy and complexity of BCI tools.

\n

Doctoral student Cao said that many factors affect the reading efficiency, including electrode materials and the number of collection channels.

\n

These are key areas of focus for BCI scientists. Increasing the number of signal collection channels within the same volume of implant devices allows for more complete brain activity information to be restored, laying the foundation for subsequent functional implementation, Cao said.

\n

"Breakthroughs in artificial intelligence technology have contributed greatly to the current development of BCIs," he said. "Even when dealing with the same segment of brain signals, AI now enables us to decode richer neural information than before."

\n

BCIs not only serve clinical medical purposes but also have the potential to expand into everyday life applications in the future, according to Cao, such as providing sleep regulation, emotional monitoring and attention enhancement.

\n

"The current development stage of BCIs is still in its infancy, like a child just learning to walk, but it holds tremendous potential for breakthrough development in the future," he said.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_006_689e52f8ed50ccabe1517904.htm#006CHINA", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "db8a4ab7c7a0c3bce4a6524f9e5fb156", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "007CHINA - Algorithms help grow seedlings on hot days", + "description": "

A technician (right) checks the growth of seedlings through a monitor in a greenhouse at the Zhixin Digital Seedling Breeding Industrial Park in Raoyang county, Hebei province.

\n

In Raoyang county, Hebei province, a high-tech approach is overturning long-held beliefs that North China's sweltering summers are ill-suited for seedling cultivation.

\n

At the Zhixin Digital Seedling Breeding Industrial Park in Raoyang in Hengshui city, algorithms now replace gut instinct.

\n

The cutting-edge solutions are transforming challenging conditions of high temperatures, heavy rain and intense sunlight into precisely controlled parameters, enabling consistent and high-quality seedling production in the hot season.

\n

"In the past, we relied on experience. Now, we rely on algorithms," said Wei Fangcui, the park's director, while navigating the park's cloud-based management platform via a tablet.

\n

The system integrates over a dozen critical parameters, including micro-climate, soil conditions, and crop growth stages, using machines to autonomously optimize irrigation, nutrient delivery, light exposure and ventilation cycles.

\n

Stepping into the vast complex reveals a scene of quiet efficiency — automated rail-guided seedling beds glide smoothly, precision spray systems deliver moisture, and clusters of internet of things sensors display temperature and humidity data in real time.

\n

This highly integrated "breeding-cultivation-promotion" facility, a model of intelligent agriculture, now produces over 120 million robust seedlings annually, according to the park.

\n

"Problems are spotted instantly and solved with a click," said technician Xie Keju, using a mobile app to track seedlings' "body temperature" and "nutritional intake". Sensors in eight vast glass greenhouses — each nearly 10,000 square meters and housing up to one million plants — feed real time data into the system, triggering automatic adjustments to ensure every seedling receives balanced nourishment.

\n

"Crucially, the platform also provides early disease and pest warnings and tracks the growth history of individual plants," he said.

\n

The outcomes are compelling. According to Wei, the park achieves a five percent higher rate of strong, viable seedlings and reduces the overall cultivation cycle by five percent.

\n

"These tech-based seedlings are the 'chips' of modern agriculture," she said.

\n

Technology is also reshaping productivity. An artificial intelligence-powered precision seeder allows one worker to sow 45 trays in three minutes, work that once took four people almost an hour. Xie now manages 300,000 seedlings singlehandedly, with his monthly income rising from 3,000 to 8,000 yuan ($417 to 1,112).

\n

This transformation stems from Raoyang county's "Science Commissioner plus Local Expert" training program, which has delivered over 100 specialized trainings on smart equipment and pest management, grooming over 10,000 skilled fruit and vegetable technicians, according to local authorities.

\n

"Quality must be controlled from the very source," said Li Bingshun, deputy director of Raoyang county's agriculture and rural affairs bureau.

\n

This focus has attracted over 30 prominent breeding enterprises to establish operations in Raoyang. Together with 44 local seedling bases, they form an integrated breeding and promotion network, he said.

\n

The technological journey extends seamlessly from greenhouse to market. In the packaging facility, automated sorting lines place seedlings into custom boxes at a rate of three per second, each affixed with a QR code tracing its origin and journey.

\n

"These 500,000 tomato seedlings head to Beijing tomorrow via refrigerated transport, reaching fields within 48 hours," Wei Fangcui said in an interview in July, pointing to live national demand data.

\n

Since its February launch, the park has supplied over four million premium seedlings to multiple places, including the Ningxia Hui autonomous region, as well as provinces of Hebei and Henan, Wei said.

\n

The supplies cover over a dozen varieties of common and specialty fruit and vegetable seedlings, she added.

\n

"The return on our technology investment is increasing rapidly," Wei said.

\n

Their seedlings, prized for superior genetics and consistent quality, have driven tangible benefits — farmers report average yield increases of 15 to 20 percent per hectare alongside significantly improved produce quality, achieving market satisfaction rates exceeding 90 percent, according to Wei.

\n

This revolution not only supplies premium seedlings nationally but also catalyzes local industry transformation.

\n

Raoyang has established Hebei's first High-Quality Fruit and Vegetable Seed Industry Alliance, guiding breeding bases and planning 10,667-hectare demonstration zones. Additionally, it integrates data from the entire industry chain to create a regulatory platform.

\n

Currently, Raoyang has cultivated 28,667 hectares of fruits and vegetables, including 22,667 hectares of protected greenhouse crops, producing 2.4 million metric tons annually and supplying 2,000 tons daily to neighboring Beijing and Tianjin, according to local statistics.

\n

"We will amplify our leading role, aiming to bring 40 more bases into the digital fold within two years, creating scale and synergy for shared resources and technology," Wei said.

\n

She added that continuous research& development investment will refine their algorithms and deepen IoT integration, embedding technology into every facet of seedling cultivation.

\n

zhangyu1@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "content": "

A technician (right) checks the growth of seedlings through a monitor in a greenhouse at the Zhixin Digital Seedling Breeding Industrial Park in Raoyang county, Hebei province.

\n

In Raoyang county, Hebei province, a high-tech approach is overturning long-held beliefs that North China's sweltering summers are ill-suited for seedling cultivation.

\n

At the Zhixin Digital Seedling Breeding Industrial Park in Raoyang in Hengshui city, algorithms now replace gut instinct.

\n

The cutting-edge solutions are transforming challenging conditions of high temperatures, heavy rain and intense sunlight into precisely controlled parameters, enabling consistent and high-quality seedling production in the hot season.

\n

"In the past, we relied on experience. Now, we rely on algorithms," said Wei Fangcui, the park's director, while navigating the park's cloud-based management platform via a tablet.

\n

The system integrates over a dozen critical parameters, including micro-climate, soil conditions, and crop growth stages, using machines to autonomously optimize irrigation, nutrient delivery, light exposure and ventilation cycles.

\n

Stepping into the vast complex reveals a scene of quiet efficiency — automated rail-guided seedling beds glide smoothly, precision spray systems deliver moisture, and clusters of internet of things sensors display temperature and humidity data in real time.

\n

This highly integrated "breeding-cultivation-promotion" facility, a model of intelligent agriculture, now produces over 120 million robust seedlings annually, according to the park.

\n

"Problems are spotted instantly and solved with a click," said technician Xie Keju, using a mobile app to track seedlings' "body temperature" and "nutritional intake". Sensors in eight vast glass greenhouses — each nearly 10,000 square meters and housing up to one million plants — feed real time data into the system, triggering automatic adjustments to ensure every seedling receives balanced nourishment.

\n

"Crucially, the platform also provides early disease and pest warnings and tracks the growth history of individual plants," he said.

\n

The outcomes are compelling. According to Wei, the park achieves a five percent higher rate of strong, viable seedlings and reduces the overall cultivation cycle by five percent.

\n

"These tech-based seedlings are the 'chips' of modern agriculture," she said.

\n

Technology is also reshaping productivity. An artificial intelligence-powered precision seeder allows one worker to sow 45 trays in three minutes, work that once took four people almost an hour. Xie now manages 300,000 seedlings singlehandedly, with his monthly income rising from 3,000 to 8,000 yuan ($417 to 1,112).

\n

This transformation stems from Raoyang county's "Science Commissioner plus Local Expert" training program, which has delivered over 100 specialized trainings on smart equipment and pest management, grooming over 10,000 skilled fruit and vegetable technicians, according to local authorities.

\n

"Quality must be controlled from the very source," said Li Bingshun, deputy director of Raoyang county's agriculture and rural affairs bureau.

\n

This focus has attracted over 30 prominent breeding enterprises to establish operations in Raoyang. Together with 44 local seedling bases, they form an integrated breeding and promotion network, he said.

\n

The technological journey extends seamlessly from greenhouse to market. In the packaging facility, automated sorting lines place seedlings into custom boxes at a rate of three per second, each affixed with a QR code tracing its origin and journey.

\n

"These 500,000 tomato seedlings head to Beijing tomorrow via refrigerated transport, reaching fields within 48 hours," Wei Fangcui said in an interview in July, pointing to live national demand data.

\n

Since its February launch, the park has supplied over four million premium seedlings to multiple places, including the Ningxia Hui autonomous region, as well as provinces of Hebei and Henan, Wei said.

\n

The supplies cover over a dozen varieties of common and specialty fruit and vegetable seedlings, she added.

\n

"The return on our technology investment is increasing rapidly," Wei said.

\n

Their seedlings, prized for superior genetics and consistent quality, have driven tangible benefits — farmers report average yield increases of 15 to 20 percent per hectare alongside significantly improved produce quality, achieving market satisfaction rates exceeding 90 percent, according to Wei.

\n

This revolution not only supplies premium seedlings nationally but also catalyzes local industry transformation.

\n

Raoyang has established Hebei's first High-Quality Fruit and Vegetable Seed Industry Alliance, guiding breeding bases and planning 10,667-hectare demonstration zones. Additionally, it integrates data from the entire industry chain to create a regulatory platform.

\n

Currently, Raoyang has cultivated 28,667 hectares of fruits and vegetables, including 22,667 hectares of protected greenhouse crops, producing 2.4 million metric tons annually and supplying 2,000 tons daily to neighboring Beijing and Tianjin, according to local statistics.

\n

"We will amplify our leading role, aiming to bring 40 more bases into the digital fold within two years, creating scale and synergy for shared resources and technology," Wei said.

\n

She added that continuous research& development investment will refine their algorithms and deepen IoT integration, embedding technology into every facet of seedling cultivation.

\n

zhangyu1@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_007_689e52fded50ccabe1517905.htm#007CHINA", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "530b563fee5c117c4a82adb574c0934c", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "007CHINA - War exhibition showcases heroic deeds of foreigners", + "description": "

A guide introduces the exhibition to visitors at the Shanxi-Suiyuan Border Region Revolutionary Memorial Hall in Xingxian county, Shanxi province.

\n

In the Shanxi-Suiyuan Border Region Revolutionary Memorial Hall in Caijiaya village in Xingxian county, Shanxi province, a special exhibition titled International Friends in the Shanxi-Suiyuan Resistance Against Japanese Aggression has been attracting many visitors.

\n

Over 80 years ago, Caijiaya was the capital of the Shanxi-Suiyuan revolutionary base led by the Communist Party of China. As the political, military and cultural center of the Shanxi-Suiyuan Border Region (part of today's Shanxi and Inner Mongolia autonomous region), it was one of the earliest revolutionary bases in China.

\n

"When the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45) was in full swing, many friends, fueled by their belief in justice, broke through blockades to support the revolutionary bases behind enemy lines," said Shi Huaiyong, director of the museum. "In the Shanxi-Suiyuan Border Region, friends from countries such as Canada, Korea, the Soviet Union and the United States left behind many heroic stories."

\n

Among them were foreign medical workers who saved lives, logistical personnel who transported supplies, and soldiers who actively engaged in combat, supporting the Chinese resistance against Japanese aggression in various ways.

\n

The story of the internationalist warrior Norman Bethune is particularly moving. This Canadian doctor established "mobile hospitals" in China amid relentless artillery fire, once performing surgeries for 115 wounded soldiers continuously for 69 hours. He disregarded his own safety until his last breath on the operating table.

\n

Similarly, the tale of British scholar Michael Lindsay is equally poignant: in the spring of 1944, he overcame numerous obstacles to reach the border region, reconfigured the command post's radio equipment in just three weeks, trained a group of technical experts and established a crucial communication network before heading to Yan'an in Shaanxi province a month later.

\n

Shi said, "During that time, numerous foreign journalists ventured to the front lines, using their pens and lenses to document the realities of the war and convey the spirit of resistance of the Chinese people to the world."

\n

Kang Yanhong, head of the museum's education department, said, "These stories are not just cold words on paper; they are memories filled with warmth and life."

\n

Engaged in guiding visitors for over 20 years, she delved into extensive research, interviewed descendants of revolutionaries, and verified details repeatedly to narrate the stories behind the exhibits effectively. "The war against Japanese aggression was a national war that marked the complete victory of the Chinese nation in defending against foreign aggression in modern times," she explained to the visitors. "Our resistance efforts received not only the support of the entire nation but also assistance from international friends."

\n

Today, various exhibitions and events are being held across the country to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the war and the World Anti-Fascist War victory.

\n

"I hope that more and more audiences, especially the youth, can step into these historical exhibition halls, understand this period of history, remember it, and cherish peace," Kang said.

\n

In recent years, the memorial hall has leveraged technologies such as big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence to aggregate and display red cultural resources efficiently, receiving over 300,000 visitors annually.

\n

Zeng Hongxiang, 68, from Guangzhou, Guangdong province, and a veteran Party member, said, "Visiting the memorial hall for the first time holds great significance to me and I'm deeply moved."

\n

Shi said that through this exhibition, they aim to showcase a significant number of international friends who traveled great distances to China, their touching deeds, and noble spirits through precious historical materials and real stories. The special exhibition will remain open for visitors to Caijiaya village.

\n

Contact the writers at zhuxingxin@chinadaily.com.cn

\n



获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", + "content": "

A guide introduces the exhibition to visitors at the Shanxi-Suiyuan Border Region Revolutionary Memorial Hall in Xingxian county, Shanxi province.

\n

In the Shanxi-Suiyuan Border Region Revolutionary Memorial Hall in Caijiaya village in Xingxian county, Shanxi province, a special exhibition titled International Friends in the Shanxi-Suiyuan Resistance Against Japanese Aggression has been attracting many visitors.

\n

Over 80 years ago, Caijiaya was the capital of the Shanxi-Suiyuan revolutionary base led by the Communist Party of China. As the political, military and cultural center of the Shanxi-Suiyuan Border Region (part of today's Shanxi and Inner Mongolia autonomous region), it was one of the earliest revolutionary bases in China.

\n

"When the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45) was in full swing, many friends, fueled by their belief in justice, broke through blockades to support the revolutionary bases behind enemy lines," said Shi Huaiyong, director of the museum. "In the Shanxi-Suiyuan Border Region, friends from countries such as Canada, Korea, the Soviet Union and the United States left behind many heroic stories."

\n

Among them were foreign medical workers who saved lives, logistical personnel who transported supplies, and soldiers who actively engaged in combat, supporting the Chinese resistance against Japanese aggression in various ways.

\n

The story of the internationalist warrior Norman Bethune is particularly moving. This Canadian doctor established "mobile hospitals" in China amid relentless artillery fire, once performing surgeries for 115 wounded soldiers continuously for 69 hours. He disregarded his own safety until his last breath on the operating table.

\n

Similarly, the tale of British scholar Michael Lindsay is equally poignant: in the spring of 1944, he overcame numerous obstacles to reach the border region, reconfigured the command post's radio equipment in just three weeks, trained a group of technical experts and established a crucial communication network before heading to Yan'an in Shaanxi province a month later.

\n

Shi said, "During that time, numerous foreign journalists ventured to the front lines, using their pens and lenses to document the realities of the war and convey the spirit of resistance of the Chinese people to the world."

\n

Kang Yanhong, head of the museum's education department, said, "These stories are not just cold words on paper; they are memories filled with warmth and life."

\n

Engaged in guiding visitors for over 20 years, she delved into extensive research, interviewed descendants of revolutionaries, and verified details repeatedly to narrate the stories behind the exhibits effectively. "The war against Japanese aggression was a national war that marked the complete victory of the Chinese nation in defending against foreign aggression in modern times," she explained to the visitors. "Our resistance efforts received not only the support of the entire nation but also assistance from international friends."

\n

Today, various exhibitions and events are being held across the country to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the war and the World Anti-Fascist War victory.

\n

"I hope that more and more audiences, especially the youth, can step into these historical exhibition halls, understand this period of history, remember it, and cherish peace," Kang said.

\n

In recent years, the memorial hall has leveraged technologies such as big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence to aggregate and display red cultural resources efficiently, receiving over 300,000 visitors annually.

\n

Zeng Hongxiang, 68, from Guangzhou, Guangdong province, and a veteran Party member, said, "Visiting the memorial hall for the first time holds great significance to me and I'm deeply moved."

\n

Shi said that through this exhibition, they aim to showcase a significant number of international friends who traveled great distances to China, their touching deeds, and noble spirits through precious historical materials and real stories. The special exhibition will remain open for visitors to Caijiaya village.

\n

Contact the writers at zhuxingxin@chinadaily.com.cn

\n



获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_007_689e5301ed50ccabe1517906.htm#007CHINA", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "fdabd1121f113b4f3264d7c6041c2fb6", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "007CHINA - Adventure sports make Guizhou a top draw for visitors", + "description": "

A tourist enjoys the Super Swing at the Hou'er Tiankeng scenic area in Kaiyang county, Guizhou province.

\n

GUIYANG — Karst landscapes, typical in Southwest China's Guizhou province, have emerged as a magnet for adventurers and outdoor sports enthusiasts this summer, drawing crowds with their unique geological wonders.

\n

"Come here, and you'll shoot a viral life highlight reel — guaranteed to go trending!" a travel blogger wrote on a short-video platform, describing a scenic area in Guizhou.

\n

The Hou'er Tiankeng scenic area in Kaiyang county, a typical karst collapse sinkhole with a diameter of 300 meters and a depth of 280 meters, has been transformed into an extreme sports park.

\n

The Super Swing, the world's first extreme swing installed inside a sinkhole at the tourist attraction, boasts a vertical drop of 92 meters and has drawn crowds of visitors eager to try it. "We release tickets in the early morning, and some people say they lose sleep over snatching them up," said general manager Wu Canhua. Due to its unique geographical environment, the area has a limited daily capacity and has implemented a reservation system since 2024.

\n

While visitors walk along the mountain path, vines hang from the sinkhole's cliffs, with winding streams below. The empty space in between is divided by ropes, resembling a spider's web strung inside the sinkhole.

\n

On the jumping platform, tourists, harnessed by two cables, took turns leaping into the sinkhole's depths. A first-person view drone followed tourists closely, while a smartphone and a 360-degree panoramic camera captured moments from multiple angles.

\n

Sinkhole highs

\n

Videos posted on social media by tourists have sparked widespread attention and discussion. On Douyin, China's version of TikTok, related topics about Hou'er Tiankeng have exceeded 2 billion views, with some videos garnering more than 3 million likes.

\n

"Long time no see, my brave and passionate self!" "Youth has no price tag — take the leap into the sinkhole." These are among the most popular comments on the trip after visitors challenged themselves.

\n

"It was so thrilling. I felt like I was flying!" said Zhou Muning, a tourist from Chengdu in Sichuan province. "I'd seen these extreme sports on short videos before, and I came specifically to try them this time. The experience is unforgettable."

\n

Wu said: "Among our visitors, Gen Z makes up the largest group. We've catered to current filming and aesthetic trends, satisfying their desire to express themselves. In the past, people traveled for a room or a view; now, they travel for an experience."

\n

Centering on visitors' experience, the scenic area continues to enrich its offerings. Beyond the Super Swing, it also provides options like via ferrata (iron path) climbing and cave exploration. "We're adopting a three-dimensional development approach, aiming to offer visitors a layered experience," said Wu. A newly developed high-altitude pipe track project has been completed and is undergoing third-party safety assessments.

\n

Shang Fajun, chief of the sports section in the county's culture and tourism bureau, said that the county fully leverages its mountain outdoor resources to promote deep integration of sports, culture and tourism.

\n

Data shows that from January to June this year, the site received 107,000 visitors, with total sales exceeding 67.97 million yuan ($9.47 million).

\n

Perfect for rafting

\n

In midsummer, the karst heartland of Southwest China resembles a naturally carved wonderland, where visitors drift with the waves, experiencing the wonder of excitement and tranquility.

\n

At Luobei River in Guiding county, under a blue sky and white clouds, visitors put on life jackets and helmets, grab oars and board rafts to embark on a summer adventure.

\n

Guizhou, with its magnificent karst landforms, dense water networks, and steep gorges, ranks among China's top rafting destinations.

\n

Luobei River, hailed by netizens as the Tongtian River in the ancient classic Journey to the West — renowned for its mythic perils and iconic episodes — boasts a perfect combination of karst gorges and dynamic hydrology. A rafting journey of over 10 kilometers allows visitors to savor the joy of mountains and waters in a "crack of the earth".

\n

The river, with a relatively wide channel, drops some 88 meters from start to finish. Its course includes seven major rapids — one with an 8-meter drop — making it perfect for rafting.

\n

Huang Runcheng, general manager of the raft operator, said that to ensure visitors' safety, the company has deployed 66 lifeguards along both sides of the river and equipped four inflatable rescue boats for rapid response to emergencies. All lifeguards have received training in rapid water and flood rescue and are stationed along the seven major rapids. In the heat of summer, the parking lot at the visitor service center is filled with cars from across the country. Huang noted that since the company reopened for rafting on June 20 this year, it has welcomed 35,000 visitors, a nearly 10-fold year-on-year increase.

\n

"The more activities we offer, the better the experience," Huang said. Since resuming rafting in 2023, the site has focused on a "sports+adventure+outdoor" model, using rafting as a pivot to expand diverse outdoor activities and experiences, developing new projects such as water swings, deep-water diving platforms and electric paddle boards.

\n

As rafts reached the endpoint, many visitors, soaked to the skin, still chose to dive into the water even amid light rain.

\n

Xiong Peng, from Liupanshui city, Guizhou, has been selling local snacks, waterproof bags, sun hats and other items at the rafting starting point since late June. He said that during the summer vacation, as long as the weather is fine, visitors pour in, with weekend sales reaching 3,000 to 4,000 yuan a day.

\n

Ma Yun, deputy director of the county's culture and tourism bureau, said that from a single rafting project to a composite experience of "rafting+folk customs" and "rafting+research", the county is continuously improving tourism quality to make every visitor's "wave-chasing journey" an unforgettable memory.

\n

With diverse and innovative activities ranging from sky-high adventures to underground explorations, the mountainous province's summer economy is brimming with vitality. From January to June 2025, the total number of tourists across the province increased by 8.2 percent year-on-year, and the total tourism spending grew by 10.6 percent year-on-year.

\n

", + "content": "

A tourist enjoys the Super Swing at the Hou'er Tiankeng scenic area in Kaiyang county, Guizhou province.

\n

GUIYANG — Karst landscapes, typical in Southwest China's Guizhou province, have emerged as a magnet for adventurers and outdoor sports enthusiasts this summer, drawing crowds with their unique geological wonders.

\n

"Come here, and you'll shoot a viral life highlight reel — guaranteed to go trending!" a travel blogger wrote on a short-video platform, describing a scenic area in Guizhou.

\n

The Hou'er Tiankeng scenic area in Kaiyang county, a typical karst collapse sinkhole with a diameter of 300 meters and a depth of 280 meters, has been transformed into an extreme sports park.

\n

The Super Swing, the world's first extreme swing installed inside a sinkhole at the tourist attraction, boasts a vertical drop of 92 meters and has drawn crowds of visitors eager to try it. "We release tickets in the early morning, and some people say they lose sleep over snatching them up," said general manager Wu Canhua. Due to its unique geographical environment, the area has a limited daily capacity and has implemented a reservation system since 2024.

\n

While visitors walk along the mountain path, vines hang from the sinkhole's cliffs, with winding streams below. The empty space in between is divided by ropes, resembling a spider's web strung inside the sinkhole.

\n

On the jumping platform, tourists, harnessed by two cables, took turns leaping into the sinkhole's depths. A first-person view drone followed tourists closely, while a smartphone and a 360-degree panoramic camera captured moments from multiple angles.

\n

Sinkhole highs

\n

Videos posted on social media by tourists have sparked widespread attention and discussion. On Douyin, China's version of TikTok, related topics about Hou'er Tiankeng have exceeded 2 billion views, with some videos garnering more than 3 million likes.

\n

"Long time no see, my brave and passionate self!" "Youth has no price tag — take the leap into the sinkhole." These are among the most popular comments on the trip after visitors challenged themselves.

\n

"It was so thrilling. I felt like I was flying!" said Zhou Muning, a tourist from Chengdu in Sichuan province. "I'd seen these extreme sports on short videos before, and I came specifically to try them this time. The experience is unforgettable."

\n

Wu said: "Among our visitors, Gen Z makes up the largest group. We've catered to current filming and aesthetic trends, satisfying their desire to express themselves. In the past, people traveled for a room or a view; now, they travel for an experience."

\n

Centering on visitors' experience, the scenic area continues to enrich its offerings. Beyond the Super Swing, it also provides options like via ferrata (iron path) climbing and cave exploration. "We're adopting a three-dimensional development approach, aiming to offer visitors a layered experience," said Wu. A newly developed high-altitude pipe track project has been completed and is undergoing third-party safety assessments.

\n

Shang Fajun, chief of the sports section in the county's culture and tourism bureau, said that the county fully leverages its mountain outdoor resources to promote deep integration of sports, culture and tourism.

\n

Data shows that from January to June this year, the site received 107,000 visitors, with total sales exceeding 67.97 million yuan ($9.47 million).

\n

Perfect for rafting

\n

In midsummer, the karst heartland of Southwest China resembles a naturally carved wonderland, where visitors drift with the waves, experiencing the wonder of excitement and tranquility.

\n

At Luobei River in Guiding county, under a blue sky and white clouds, visitors put on life jackets and helmets, grab oars and board rafts to embark on a summer adventure.

\n

Guizhou, with its magnificent karst landforms, dense water networks, and steep gorges, ranks among China's top rafting destinations.

\n

Luobei River, hailed by netizens as the Tongtian River in the ancient classic Journey to the West — renowned for its mythic perils and iconic episodes — boasts a perfect combination of karst gorges and dynamic hydrology. A rafting journey of over 10 kilometers allows visitors to savor the joy of mountains and waters in a "crack of the earth".

\n

The river, with a relatively wide channel, drops some 88 meters from start to finish. Its course includes seven major rapids — one with an 8-meter drop — making it perfect for rafting.

\n

Huang Runcheng, general manager of the raft operator, said that to ensure visitors' safety, the company has deployed 66 lifeguards along both sides of the river and equipped four inflatable rescue boats for rapid response to emergencies. All lifeguards have received training in rapid water and flood rescue and are stationed along the seven major rapids. In the heat of summer, the parking lot at the visitor service center is filled with cars from across the country. Huang noted that since the company reopened for rafting on June 20 this year, it has welcomed 35,000 visitors, a nearly 10-fold year-on-year increase.

\n

"The more activities we offer, the better the experience," Huang said. Since resuming rafting in 2023, the site has focused on a "sports+adventure+outdoor" model, using rafting as a pivot to expand diverse outdoor activities and experiences, developing new projects such as water swings, deep-water diving platforms and electric paddle boards.

\n

As rafts reached the endpoint, many visitors, soaked to the skin, still chose to dive into the water even amid light rain.

\n

Xiong Peng, from Liupanshui city, Guizhou, has been selling local snacks, waterproof bags, sun hats and other items at the rafting starting point since late June. He said that during the summer vacation, as long as the weather is fine, visitors pour in, with weekend sales reaching 3,000 to 4,000 yuan a day.

\n

Ma Yun, deputy director of the county's culture and tourism bureau, said that from a single rafting project to a composite experience of "rafting+folk customs" and "rafting+research", the county is continuously improving tourism quality to make every visitor's "wave-chasing journey" an unforgettable memory.

\n

With diverse and innovative activities ranging from sky-high adventures to underground explorations, the mountainous province's summer economy is brimming with vitality. From January to June 2025, the total number of tourists across the province increased by 8.2 percent year-on-year, and the total tourism spending grew by 10.6 percent year-on-year.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_007_689e5305ed50ccabe1517907.htm#007CHINA", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "29948e13d7c2845d00a0ee8cbd464098", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "008COMMENT - Beautiful China vision has sown the seeds for the blossoming of an ecological civilization", + "description": "

It is the right actions based on the right answers to the right questions that determine whether progress can be achieved or not.

\n

This is exactly the case when it comes to the development of China's environmental protection and ecological conservation.

\n

Twenty years ago on Aug 15, 2005, President Xi Jinping, then secretary of the Communist Party of China provincial committee of Zhejiang, made the now well-known remark that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets when answering the question of how development can be ecologically and environmentally friendly. This was subsequently developed into one of his guiding theories for China's sustainable development.

\n

The recognition that economic growth can not be achieved at the expense of the natural environment is the cornerstone of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization, which is firmly grounded in the traditional Chinese philosophy of harmony between humanity and nature. Under the guidance of this framework, a host of creative, forward-looking and important initiatives have been taken with the aim of building a Beautiful China that satisfies the ancient ideal. As a result, the country's ecological and environmental protection efforts have produced sweeping, historic and transformative changes.

\n

What makes this guiding theory particularly noteworthy is the fact that it points the way toward integrating ecological protection and economic development, creating a virtuous cycle.

\n

The output value of China's forest and grass industry increased from 726.9 billion yuan ($101.37 billion) in 2005 to 10.17 trillion yuan in 2024. At the same time, the forest coverage has expanded from 18.21 percent of the country's total territory in 2006 to more than 25 percent now. In the past two decades, of the increased green area worldwide, China has contributed 25 percent, the highest of all countries.

\n

Under the guidance of this theory, China's fight against desertification has made notable achievements. The desertification control rate in Kubuqi Desert in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region has increased from 7 percent, early this century, to 40 percent today. The endeavors various localities have made in environmental protection and ecological conservation have resulted in the considerable improvement of air and water quality.

\n

Likewise, President Xi's insistence on ecological conservation has changed people's mentality about the relationship between environmental protection and economic development.

\n

Under the guidance of Xi's vision of an ecological civilization, the country has applied a system of ecological conservation red lines, established a protected areas system with national parks as the mainstay, carried out major biodiversity protection projects, and conducted stringent enforcement and supervision. A large number of rare and endangered species have been placed under effective protection, and the diversity, stability and sustainability of the ecosystem have kept improving.

\n

That quite a number of villages in various provinces and autonomous regions have shaken off poverty and become prosperous by leveraging their natural resources for eco-tourism has verified the truth that clear waters and lush mountains can produce development dividends if the right approach is adopted.

\n

Behind China's announcement of its dual carbon goals — carbon peaking before the year 2030 and carbon neutrality before the year 2060 — is the shift in mentality and awareness of the need to realize an ecological civilization. As a result, what the country has achieved in its environmental protection and ecological conservation as well as the technological breakthroughs it has made in this regard has become a reference for the world.

\n

More countries are drawing on China's experience in ecological civilization, from eco-cultural villages in South Africa to solar-powered land restoration in Uzbekistan and marine protection in Peru. Guided by the vision that "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", China is advancing its own green transition while cooperating with over 100 countries on clean energy, supplying the majority of the world's photovoltaic modules and wind power equipment.

\n

This approach shows that economic growth and ecological protection can progress together, and China will continue working with the world to ensure a clean, beautiful planet for future generations.

\n

", + "content": "

It is the right actions based on the right answers to the right questions that determine whether progress can be achieved or not.

\n

This is exactly the case when it comes to the development of China's environmental protection and ecological conservation.

\n

Twenty years ago on Aug 15, 2005, President Xi Jinping, then secretary of the Communist Party of China provincial committee of Zhejiang, made the now well-known remark that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets when answering the question of how development can be ecologically and environmentally friendly. This was subsequently developed into one of his guiding theories for China's sustainable development.

\n

The recognition that economic growth can not be achieved at the expense of the natural environment is the cornerstone of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization, which is firmly grounded in the traditional Chinese philosophy of harmony between humanity and nature. Under the guidance of this framework, a host of creative, forward-looking and important initiatives have been taken with the aim of building a Beautiful China that satisfies the ancient ideal. As a result, the country's ecological and environmental protection efforts have produced sweeping, historic and transformative changes.

\n

What makes this guiding theory particularly noteworthy is the fact that it points the way toward integrating ecological protection and economic development, creating a virtuous cycle.

\n

The output value of China's forest and grass industry increased from 726.9 billion yuan ($101.37 billion) in 2005 to 10.17 trillion yuan in 2024. At the same time, the forest coverage has expanded from 18.21 percent of the country's total territory in 2006 to more than 25 percent now. In the past two decades, of the increased green area worldwide, China has contributed 25 percent, the highest of all countries.

\n

Under the guidance of this theory, China's fight against desertification has made notable achievements. The desertification control rate in Kubuqi Desert in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region has increased from 7 percent, early this century, to 40 percent today. The endeavors various localities have made in environmental protection and ecological conservation have resulted in the considerable improvement of air and water quality.

\n

Likewise, President Xi's insistence on ecological conservation has changed people's mentality about the relationship between environmental protection and economic development.

\n

Under the guidance of Xi's vision of an ecological civilization, the country has applied a system of ecological conservation red lines, established a protected areas system with national parks as the mainstay, carried out major biodiversity protection projects, and conducted stringent enforcement and supervision. A large number of rare and endangered species have been placed under effective protection, and the diversity, stability and sustainability of the ecosystem have kept improving.

\n

That quite a number of villages in various provinces and autonomous regions have shaken off poverty and become prosperous by leveraging their natural resources for eco-tourism has verified the truth that clear waters and lush mountains can produce development dividends if the right approach is adopted.

\n

Behind China's announcement of its dual carbon goals — carbon peaking before the year 2030 and carbon neutrality before the year 2060 — is the shift in mentality and awareness of the need to realize an ecological civilization. As a result, what the country has achieved in its environmental protection and ecological conservation as well as the technological breakthroughs it has made in this regard has become a reference for the world.

\n

More countries are drawing on China's experience in ecological civilization, from eco-cultural villages in South Africa to solar-powered land restoration in Uzbekistan and marine protection in Peru. Guided by the vision that "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", China is advancing its own green transition while cooperating with over 100 countries on clean energy, supplying the majority of the world's photovoltaic modules and wind power equipment.

\n

This approach shows that economic growth and ecological protection can progress together, and China will continue working with the world to ensure a clean, beautiful planet for future generations.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_008_689e530aed50ccabe1517908.htm#008COMMENT", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "de2c3411a51fcda8351b19ee3b81ead9", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "008COMMENT - Manila needs to cut loose from Washington", + "description": "

The USS Higgins, an Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer, "illegally entered China's territorial waters around Huangyan Island without the approval of the Chinese government" on Wednesday, and the People's Liberation Army Navy "tracked, monitored, and warned the vessel to leave", the PLA Southern Theater Command said in a statement that day.

\n

Sarah Merrill, a spokesperson for the US Seventh Fleet, based in Yokosuka, Japan, to which the USS Higgins belongs, said the warship was conducting a "freedom of navigation operation "in accordance with international law.

\n

But that's not the case. The only reason the US dispatched the vessel to those waters was to show its support for Manila to continue the hazardous game it is playing. A Philippine Coast Guard ship made some dangerous provocative maneuvers on Monday that posed a risk to the Chinese law enforcement ships patrolling in the waters. But US ambassador to the Philippines, MaryKay Carlson, on Tuesday ridiculously pointed the finger of blame at China for "the latest reckless action".

\n

The claim of Merrill that the USS Higgins was upholding the US' right to fly, sail and operate wherever international law allows only exposes the hypocrisy of the US. As the PLA statement said, the US warship "seriously" infringed on China's sovereignty, severely undermined peace and stability in the South China Sea, and violated international law and basic norms governing international relations.

\n

The US Navy spokesperson's dismissal of these remarks — "Nothing China says otherwise will deter us" — reveals the US' intention to constantly escalate tensions in the South China Sea, by emboldening the Philippines. The reason why the US sent the warship to the waters around Huangyan Island is because it realizes the consequences of the Philippines' provocations two days ago might make Manila jittery, waiting for China's response.

\n

Since it assumed office over three years ago, the Ferdinand Marcos Jr government has been fully aware of the dangerous position it is putting the Philippines in by acting as a US pawn against China in the South China Sea. It has practiced a brinkmanship policy to try and maximize its gains in the US-orchestrated geopolitical game — reaching for a yard after taking an inch and hiding low to weather the self-created storms.

\n

A review of what the Marcos government has done in playing its assigned role in the South China Sea clearly demonstrates that whenever it becomes hesitant and worried after playing with fire, the US will always show its support, usually by sending warships to the waters.

\n

Manila then has no choice but to continue playing its provocative game. Notably, its incursion into Chinese waters earlier this week came after Marcos' visit to the US late last month. Before that Marcos also made a series of irresponsible remarks on the Taiwan question and tried to drag India into the game it is playing with the US.

\n

During his visit to the Pentagon, the Philippine president was reassured by his hosts, who reaffirmed the US' commitment to the two countries' mutual defense treaty, which states that an attack on either the Philippines or the US is deemed to be an attack on the other. The treaty is the major source of the Marcos government's confidence that the US will not abandon the Philippines in the case of an emergency. The US is actually taking advantage of that mentality to use the Philippines as a tool in its "Indo-Pacific" strategy, squeezing the space for its autonomy and alienating it from the other countries in the region.

\n

But the US knows it has not yet dispelled Manila's fear of either being discarded by the US or reaping what it has sowed in advancing the US' agenda at its own cost. So whenever Manila thinks it has gone too far, the US has to reassure it. Yet the US' exploitative approach to other hotspot issues incessantly reminds Manila that the US will take its pound of flesh.

\n

Having been pressed to be increasingly provocative, the Marcos government has finally realized that it is not a case of asking what the US can do for the Philippines, but rather what the Philippines can do for the US.

\n

The Philippines will succeed Malaysia as chair of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations next year, which offers the Marcos government a chance to prove it can contribute to regional peace and stability. In an interview for his podcast on Friday, Marcos confirmed that Manila would "certainly try" to push for a legally binding code of conduct for the South China Sea to maintain stability in the region that regional countries have been negotiating.

\n

It is certainly to be hoped that this is the case.

\n

", + "content": "

The USS Higgins, an Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer, "illegally entered China's territorial waters around Huangyan Island without the approval of the Chinese government" on Wednesday, and the People's Liberation Army Navy "tracked, monitored, and warned the vessel to leave", the PLA Southern Theater Command said in a statement that day.

\n

Sarah Merrill, a spokesperson for the US Seventh Fleet, based in Yokosuka, Japan, to which the USS Higgins belongs, said the warship was conducting a "freedom of navigation operation "in accordance with international law.

\n

But that's not the case. The only reason the US dispatched the vessel to those waters was to show its support for Manila to continue the hazardous game it is playing. A Philippine Coast Guard ship made some dangerous provocative maneuvers on Monday that posed a risk to the Chinese law enforcement ships patrolling in the waters. But US ambassador to the Philippines, MaryKay Carlson, on Tuesday ridiculously pointed the finger of blame at China for "the latest reckless action".

\n

The claim of Merrill that the USS Higgins was upholding the US' right to fly, sail and operate wherever international law allows only exposes the hypocrisy of the US. As the PLA statement said, the US warship "seriously" infringed on China's sovereignty, severely undermined peace and stability in the South China Sea, and violated international law and basic norms governing international relations.

\n

The US Navy spokesperson's dismissal of these remarks — "Nothing China says otherwise will deter us" — reveals the US' intention to constantly escalate tensions in the South China Sea, by emboldening the Philippines. The reason why the US sent the warship to the waters around Huangyan Island is because it realizes the consequences of the Philippines' provocations two days ago might make Manila jittery, waiting for China's response.

\n

Since it assumed office over three years ago, the Ferdinand Marcos Jr government has been fully aware of the dangerous position it is putting the Philippines in by acting as a US pawn against China in the South China Sea. It has practiced a brinkmanship policy to try and maximize its gains in the US-orchestrated geopolitical game — reaching for a yard after taking an inch and hiding low to weather the self-created storms.

\n

A review of what the Marcos government has done in playing its assigned role in the South China Sea clearly demonstrates that whenever it becomes hesitant and worried after playing with fire, the US will always show its support, usually by sending warships to the waters.

\n

Manila then has no choice but to continue playing its provocative game. Notably, its incursion into Chinese waters earlier this week came after Marcos' visit to the US late last month. Before that Marcos also made a series of irresponsible remarks on the Taiwan question and tried to drag India into the game it is playing with the US.

\n

During his visit to the Pentagon, the Philippine president was reassured by his hosts, who reaffirmed the US' commitment to the two countries' mutual defense treaty, which states that an attack on either the Philippines or the US is deemed to be an attack on the other. The treaty is the major source of the Marcos government's confidence that the US will not abandon the Philippines in the case of an emergency. The US is actually taking advantage of that mentality to use the Philippines as a tool in its "Indo-Pacific" strategy, squeezing the space for its autonomy and alienating it from the other countries in the region.

\n

But the US knows it has not yet dispelled Manila's fear of either being discarded by the US or reaping what it has sowed in advancing the US' agenda at its own cost. So whenever Manila thinks it has gone too far, the US has to reassure it. Yet the US' exploitative approach to other hotspot issues incessantly reminds Manila that the US will take its pound of flesh.

\n

Having been pressed to be increasingly provocative, the Marcos government has finally realized that it is not a case of asking what the US can do for the Philippines, but rather what the Philippines can do for the US.

\n

The Philippines will succeed Malaysia as chair of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations next year, which offers the Marcos government a chance to prove it can contribute to regional peace and stability. In an interview for his podcast on Friday, Marcos confirmed that Manila would "certainly try" to push for a legally binding code of conduct for the South China Sea to maintain stability in the region that regional countries have been negotiating.

\n

It is certainly to be hoped that this is the case.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_008_689e530eed50ccabe1517909.htm#008COMMENT", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "8b3369a4bf354fb052986316bbc4daf9", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "008COMMENT - Picture news", + "description": "

\n

", + "content": "

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_008_689e5313ed50ccabe151790a.htm#008COMMENT", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "4befb28234767db494e32b0543d3e922", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "008COMMENT - '15 percent cut' is 'unique' only for its unrealistic confidence", + "description": "

After Chinese authorities frowned upon security concerns over Nvidia's sales of downgraded H20 artificial intelligence semiconductors to China, the US administration has self-praised its approval of the sales as a "very unique solution" under certain conditions.

\n

Nvidia and AMD, another US tech company, have been permitted to resume the sales of downgraded AI chips to China on the condition that they share 15 percent of the revenue from sales with the US government.

\n

US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said the Nvidia and AMD deals could serve as a model for others. "I think we could see it in other industries over time," Bessent said in a television interview on Wednesday. "Right now, this is unique, but now that we have the model and the beta test, why not expand it?"

\n

Yet Bessent's optimism might prove conditional too. To begin with, that Nvidia and AMD accepted the arrangement does not mean other US companies dealing with China will follow suit.

\n

The haste with which the US Treasury chief tried to hail the genius of the move even before the two US companies have started making profit from the arrangement, stems from the US administration's acute need to counter the opposition's charge that its approval of AI chip sales to China will threaten the US' national security.

\n

The administration first highlighted that the chips had been suitably "tailored", leaving no room for security concerns. When that failed to have the desired effect, it threw light on the 15 percent cut, which Bessent emphasized "will go to pay down debt", suggesting it is for the public good.

\n

"If we could make a substantial debt" repayment, that would then allow for discussions about a program for sending money to taxpayers, he said.

\n

But China's cautious approach to the US chips has apparently caught those who were calling the sales a seamless deal unprepared. If Chinese companies don't buy the chips — and they have enough reasons not to do so — the "Nvidia deal" might only prove to be a pipe dream.

\n

When asked about China's wariness, Bessent said "sure, we can discuss that" with the Chinese. "But it also tells me that they are worried about the Nvidia chips becoming the standard in China."

\n

Which is actually not true. Chinese companies have already developed similar AI chips, though with a different structure, which Bessent admitted was what prompted the US administration to revoke the ban on sales of H20 chips to China in the first place.

\n

But Bessent should be reminded why the US' exploitative approach might not work. According to a Reuters report quoting "two people with direct knowledge of the previously unreported law enforcement tactic", US authorities have placed location-tracking devices in targeted shipments of advanced chips they feel have a high risk of being illegally diverted to China.

\n

The tracking devices, typically hidden in the packaging, will detect diversion to destinations that face US exports restrictions, the sources said.

\n

This shows the lengths to which the US is willing to go to enforce its chip exports restrictions on China, even as the US administration seeks to relax some curbs on Chinese access to advanced US semiconductors, as Reuters observed in the report.

\n

The trackers are intended to help build cases against people and companies who profit from violating US exports controls, according to the report.

\n

Location trackers are a decades-old investigative tool used by US law enforcement agencies to track products subject to exports restrictions, such as aircraft parts. They have been used to combat the illegal diversion of semiconductors in recent years, one source said.

\n

If that is true, the US chips' journey to China will certainly become bumpier.

\n

", + "content": "

After Chinese authorities frowned upon security concerns over Nvidia's sales of downgraded H20 artificial intelligence semiconductors to China, the US administration has self-praised its approval of the sales as a "very unique solution" under certain conditions.

\n

Nvidia and AMD, another US tech company, have been permitted to resume the sales of downgraded AI chips to China on the condition that they share 15 percent of the revenue from sales with the US government.

\n

US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said the Nvidia and AMD deals could serve as a model for others. "I think we could see it in other industries over time," Bessent said in a television interview on Wednesday. "Right now, this is unique, but now that we have the model and the beta test, why not expand it?"

\n

Yet Bessent's optimism might prove conditional too. To begin with, that Nvidia and AMD accepted the arrangement does not mean other US companies dealing with China will follow suit.

\n

The haste with which the US Treasury chief tried to hail the genius of the move even before the two US companies have started making profit from the arrangement, stems from the US administration's acute need to counter the opposition's charge that its approval of AI chip sales to China will threaten the US' national security.

\n

The administration first highlighted that the chips had been suitably "tailored", leaving no room for security concerns. When that failed to have the desired effect, it threw light on the 15 percent cut, which Bessent emphasized "will go to pay down debt", suggesting it is for the public good.

\n

"If we could make a substantial debt" repayment, that would then allow for discussions about a program for sending money to taxpayers, he said.

\n

But China's cautious approach to the US chips has apparently caught those who were calling the sales a seamless deal unprepared. If Chinese companies don't buy the chips — and they have enough reasons not to do so — the "Nvidia deal" might only prove to be a pipe dream.

\n

When asked about China's wariness, Bessent said "sure, we can discuss that" with the Chinese. "But it also tells me that they are worried about the Nvidia chips becoming the standard in China."

\n

Which is actually not true. Chinese companies have already developed similar AI chips, though with a different structure, which Bessent admitted was what prompted the US administration to revoke the ban on sales of H20 chips to China in the first place.

\n

But Bessent should be reminded why the US' exploitative approach might not work. According to a Reuters report quoting "two people with direct knowledge of the previously unreported law enforcement tactic", US authorities have placed location-tracking devices in targeted shipments of advanced chips they feel have a high risk of being illegally diverted to China.

\n

The tracking devices, typically hidden in the packaging, will detect diversion to destinations that face US exports restrictions, the sources said.

\n

This shows the lengths to which the US is willing to go to enforce its chip exports restrictions on China, even as the US administration seeks to relax some curbs on Chinese access to advanced US semiconductors, as Reuters observed in the report.

\n

The trackers are intended to help build cases against people and companies who profit from violating US exports controls, according to the report.

\n

Location trackers are a decades-old investigative tool used by US law enforcement agencies to track products subject to exports restrictions, such as aircraft parts. They have been used to combat the illegal diversion of semiconductors in recent years, one source said.

\n

If that is true, the US chips' journey to China will certainly become bumpier.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_008_689e5317ed50ccabe151790b.htm#008COMMENT", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "74b40ef3be2656cdf3f37a31461119f2", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "008COMMENT - Focus now on improving urban living standards", + "description": "

Editor's Note: The recent Central Urban Work Conference held in Beijing proposed the building of networked modern city clusters and metropolitan areas. The goal is to enhance cities' capacity to accommodate population and address urban problems. Yin Zhi, executive vice-dean of the Institute for China Sustainable Urbanization at Tsinghua University, spoke about the proposal to Hong Kong-based newspaper Wen Wei Po and offered some suggestions. Below are excerpts from the interview. The views don't necessarily represent those of China Daily.

\n

The era of large-scale expansion is ending. China is in a transition period in which improving the quality of urban areas and promoting connotative development have become increasingly important. In the past, urban development placed emphasis on planning and construction. But now, greater importance should be on governance, a people-centric approach, efficient growth and the development of innovation-driven businesses. Efforts should be made to build comprehensive and livable cities.

\n

Some regions in China are not yet ready for coordinated development of entire urban agglomerations. It is necessary to first promote coordinated development at a smaller scale in metropolitan areas, and then gradually expand toward larger urban agglomerations.

\n

Large-scale urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Delta and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area have relatively mature systems. In contrast, many cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration are still smaller third-tier cities.

\n

Beijing has introduced development plans for some areas which will promote deeper coordination within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, channel the development momentum of the megacity into more areas, and gradually form an interconnected agglomeration with multiple growth poles.

\n

At present, some megacities in China are experiencing functional spillover. It is therefore necessary to reduce the population of central urban districts and streamline certain functions to prevent severe urban problems. But in doing so, their development momentum should not be unduly suppressed.

\n

Economic growth should be guided toward newly developed cities on the plains, enabling the release of new momentum. Meanwhile, efforts should be made to strengthen the second- and third-tier cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, making the urban system more complete and resilient.

\n

With the decline in population, the era of housing shortages has passed. It is estimated that from now until 2050, the remaining population that will move from rural to urban areas will account for less than 10 percent of the increase seen during the period of rising urbanization. Against this backdrop, prioritizing the improvement and efficiency of existing resources has become the focus of urban development efforts.

\n

The more a city's overall carrying capacity, the higher is its population-carrying efficiency and economic value per unit of resources, and the greater the efficiency of production and wealth accumulation. The key to improving this capacity lies in raising the output per unit of land, reducing per capita resource consumption through efficiency and guaranteeing ecological and food security.

\n

Enhancing the overall carrying capacity makes up for urban shortcomings but requires a significant improvement in the standards of urban infrastructure. Increased investment in infrastructure in turn creates favorable conditions for raising the output per unit of land.

\n

China's population distribution and social structure have already transformed from "rural China" to "urban China". It is now time to move toward "integrated urban-rural China", in which urban and rural areas prosper together.

\n

", + "content": "

Editor's Note: The recent Central Urban Work Conference held in Beijing proposed the building of networked modern city clusters and metropolitan areas. The goal is to enhance cities' capacity to accommodate population and address urban problems. Yin Zhi, executive vice-dean of the Institute for China Sustainable Urbanization at Tsinghua University, spoke about the proposal to Hong Kong-based newspaper Wen Wei Po and offered some suggestions. Below are excerpts from the interview. The views don't necessarily represent those of China Daily.

\n

The era of large-scale expansion is ending. China is in a transition period in which improving the quality of urban areas and promoting connotative development have become increasingly important. In the past, urban development placed emphasis on planning and construction. But now, greater importance should be on governance, a people-centric approach, efficient growth and the development of innovation-driven businesses. Efforts should be made to build comprehensive and livable cities.

\n

Some regions in China are not yet ready for coordinated development of entire urban agglomerations. It is necessary to first promote coordinated development at a smaller scale in metropolitan areas, and then gradually expand toward larger urban agglomerations.

\n

Large-scale urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Delta and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area have relatively mature systems. In contrast, many cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration are still smaller third-tier cities.

\n

Beijing has introduced development plans for some areas which will promote deeper coordination within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, channel the development momentum of the megacity into more areas, and gradually form an interconnected agglomeration with multiple growth poles.

\n

At present, some megacities in China are experiencing functional spillover. It is therefore necessary to reduce the population of central urban districts and streamline certain functions to prevent severe urban problems. But in doing so, their development momentum should not be unduly suppressed.

\n

Economic growth should be guided toward newly developed cities on the plains, enabling the release of new momentum. Meanwhile, efforts should be made to strengthen the second- and third-tier cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, making the urban system more complete and resilient.

\n

With the decline in population, the era of housing shortages has passed. It is estimated that from now until 2050, the remaining population that will move from rural to urban areas will account for less than 10 percent of the increase seen during the period of rising urbanization. Against this backdrop, prioritizing the improvement and efficiency of existing resources has become the focus of urban development efforts.

\n

The more a city's overall carrying capacity, the higher is its population-carrying efficiency and economic value per unit of resources, and the greater the efficiency of production and wealth accumulation. The key to improving this capacity lies in raising the output per unit of land, reducing per capita resource consumption through efficiency and guaranteeing ecological and food security.

\n

Enhancing the overall carrying capacity makes up for urban shortcomings but requires a significant improvement in the standards of urban infrastructure. Increased investment in infrastructure in turn creates favorable conditions for raising the output per unit of land.

\n

China's population distribution and social structure have already transformed from "rural China" to "urban China". It is now time to move toward "integrated urban-rural China", in which urban and rural areas prosper together.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_008_689e531bed50ccabe151790c.htm#008COMMENT", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "69a4d059c3de9aec136b3e2af6874149", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "009VIEWS - Japan must face up to its wartime past", + "description": "

\n

Editor's note: This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45) and the World Anti-Fascist War. Japan should learn from its past and desist from rebuilding its military. In an interview with Li Huixian for Dialogues with Thinkers, China Daily's high-end interview program, Fang Ke, a Japanese affairs expert at the National Defense University of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, said Japan should face up to its history, and stressed that Japanese right-wing forces should not distort history and mislead ordinary Japanese people, especially the younger generation. Excerpts follow:

\n

Question: Aug 15 marks the 80th anniversary of Japan's unconditional surrender in World War II. How should Japan behave now?

\n

Answer: Japanese invaders in China and other Asian countries killed and wounded millions of people, leaving a trail of destruction across much of East and Southeast Asia. For Japan, adopting a right view of history is imperative. Only by facing up to history can Japan truly atone for its atrocities before and during World War II. Facing up to history is a litmus test of its political sincerity.

\n

Also, Japan must adhere, both in letter and spirit, to the four political documents it has signed with China. It is equally crucial for Japan to enhance communication with China to build strategic mutual trust and better understand each other's legitimate concerns.

\n

Amid growing economic turbulence fueled by the United States' tariff war, China and Japan, as the Asia-Pacific's leading economies, have every reason to deepen economic cooperation, because it would not only mitigate economic risks but also bolster regional stability. Effective crisis management is critical, too, for Japan to improve relations with China and other countries in the region. So it should respect Beijing's core interests. Rather than exacerbating tensions, it should adopt a constructive approach to fostering regional stability, particularly bilateral relations with China.

\n

Q: To what extent will the far-right forces in Japan continue to influence the country's policies?

\n

A: Ever since the Meiji Restoration, militarists and far-right forces have been influencing, to various degrees, Japan's policies, even dragging it into the abyss of war. After World War II, the international community's oversight and the US-engineered democratization reforms temporarily marginalized these elements, even stripped them of political power.

\n

However, the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950 prompted a US policy reversal. By remolding Japan into an anti-communist linchpin in East Asia, the US helped rehabilitate convicted war criminals and dismissed wartime officials, some of whom became part of Japan's power structure.

\n

Consequently, Japan has never truly atoned for its wartime crimes nor has it fully abandoned its militarist views. Although these elements' capacity to fundamentally alter Japan's domestic or foreign policy is constrained, they can still shape public views, especially influence young minds.

\n

Q: What sort of impact did the Chinese people's humanitarian act of adopting Japanese war orphans after the end of World War II have on the development of Sino-Japanese relations?

\n

A: The sort of treatment Japanese orphans got from kindhearted Chinese people has long been a testament to the friendship between China and Japan. After Japan's defeat in World War II, an estimated 4,000 to 5,000 war orphans were left behind in China. The older generation of Chinese leaders, including Chairman Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, treated them with kindness, as did ordinary Chinese people in Northeast China.

\n

This shows that China distinguishes between Japan's militarist clique and the Japanese people. By launching the war, the militarists not only dragged all the Japanese people into World War II but also made them victims of the war.

\n

After returning to Japan, those orphans acted as a bridge between China and Japan. Many of them formed organizations, revisited their adoptive families in China, and fostered goodwill between the two countries. Their story shows that a genuine people-to-people bond rooted in compassion and mutual understanding is irreplaceable.

\n

Q: Will Japan's labeling of China as the \"greatest strategic challenge\" in its recent defense white papers harm bilateral relations?

\n

A: Postwar Japan has oscillated between pursuing strategic autonomy to enhance its defense capabilities and relying on the US for national security. Yet by calling China the "greatest strategic challenge", Japan is fabricating stories to justify its militarization and rally domestic public support for it. Japan plans to increase its defense spending beyond 2 percent of GDP by 2027.

\n

The Japanese government argues that its "low defense spending" is inadequate to sustain its status as a major power or counter what it calls "diversified threats", whether from China or other sources. To this end, it seeks to increase defense budgets, expand offensive weapons capabilities, and procure advanced military hardware — all of which require securing public support to ensure smooth approval in both houses of the Diet when these policies are formally proposed.

\n

On the other hand, with the US advancing its "Indo-Pacific" strategy, Japan is concerned about its diminishing role in the alliance due to the US' growing diversified partners. For decades, Tokyo has followed Washington's lead, but it has been working to exercise greater influence and autonomy within the alliance.

\n

By calling China as such a "threat", both countries gain justification to deepen alliance integration, enabling Tokyo to harness US strategic weight for expanded regional influence and leadership. Japan also believes this will make it an indispensable ally of the US in the Asia-Pacific. But Japan should realize that in today's world, national security cannot be safeguarded by hyping up nonexistent threats. And clinging to the beggar-thy-neighbor approach will not help Japan win the support of its neighbors or the wider international community either.

\n

Q: Is Japan's strategy of boosting security and the economy sustainable?

\n

A: At the end of 2024, Japan was China's fifth-largest trading partner, third largest among individual countries, while China was Japan's largest trading partner and primary source of imports. Sino-Japanese trade has been mutually beneficial for decades. It is the US that has been trying to destabilize the global economic order by launching the tariff war.

\n

It is essential for China, Japan and the Republic of Korea, as major economies in the Asia-Pacific, to deepen cooperation, especially in fields such as cutting-edge technologies and infrastructure development, to ensure the region's continued development.

\n

Japan's approach to China is inherently contradictory. Despite continuing to align with the US in matters of security and defense, Japan has been enjoying the economic gains from Sino-Japanese trade.

\n

Q: How should we respond to certain US and Japanese politicians' frequent hyping of the Taiwan question?

\n

A: This is a matter of serious concern. We should continue to make efforts to achieve the reunification of Taiwan with the motherland, and avoid making the mistake of "strategic overreach".

\n

Ineffective crisis management could turn a friction into conflict, potentially dragging other countries into it. To prevent this, China and Japan have established effective multi-tier, multi-channel crisis management mechanisms, including hotlines at the defense minister level.

\n

In recent years, through a series of military exercises and demonstrations of advanced weapons systems, China has showcased the modernization of its defense forces, as well as its resolve to safeguard its sovereignty and territorial integrity, and achieve national reunification.

\n

It will again do so at an opportune moment and location to demonstrate its military capabilities to deter hostile forces, and prevent them from exploiting sensitive issues.

\n

The views don't necessarily represent those of China Daily.

\n



获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", + "content": "

\n

Editor's note: This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45) and the World Anti-Fascist War. Japan should learn from its past and desist from rebuilding its military. In an interview with Li Huixian for Dialogues with Thinkers, China Daily's high-end interview program, Fang Ke, a Japanese affairs expert at the National Defense University of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, said Japan should face up to its history, and stressed that Japanese right-wing forces should not distort history and mislead ordinary Japanese people, especially the younger generation. Excerpts follow:

\n

Question: Aug 15 marks the 80th anniversary of Japan's unconditional surrender in World War II. How should Japan behave now?

\n

Answer: Japanese invaders in China and other Asian countries killed and wounded millions of people, leaving a trail of destruction across much of East and Southeast Asia. For Japan, adopting a right view of history is imperative. Only by facing up to history can Japan truly atone for its atrocities before and during World War II. Facing up to history is a litmus test of its political sincerity.

\n

Also, Japan must adhere, both in letter and spirit, to the four political documents it has signed with China. It is equally crucial for Japan to enhance communication with China to build strategic mutual trust and better understand each other's legitimate concerns.

\n

Amid growing economic turbulence fueled by the United States' tariff war, China and Japan, as the Asia-Pacific's leading economies, have every reason to deepen economic cooperation, because it would not only mitigate economic risks but also bolster regional stability. Effective crisis management is critical, too, for Japan to improve relations with China and other countries in the region. So it should respect Beijing's core interests. Rather than exacerbating tensions, it should adopt a constructive approach to fostering regional stability, particularly bilateral relations with China.

\n

Q: To what extent will the far-right forces in Japan continue to influence the country's policies?

\n

A: Ever since the Meiji Restoration, militarists and far-right forces have been influencing, to various degrees, Japan's policies, even dragging it into the abyss of war. After World War II, the international community's oversight and the US-engineered democratization reforms temporarily marginalized these elements, even stripped them of political power.

\n

However, the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950 prompted a US policy reversal. By remolding Japan into an anti-communist linchpin in East Asia, the US helped rehabilitate convicted war criminals and dismissed wartime officials, some of whom became part of Japan's power structure.

\n

Consequently, Japan has never truly atoned for its wartime crimes nor has it fully abandoned its militarist views. Although these elements' capacity to fundamentally alter Japan's domestic or foreign policy is constrained, they can still shape public views, especially influence young minds.

\n

Q: What sort of impact did the Chinese people's humanitarian act of adopting Japanese war orphans after the end of World War II have on the development of Sino-Japanese relations?

\n

A: The sort of treatment Japanese orphans got from kindhearted Chinese people has long been a testament to the friendship between China and Japan. After Japan's defeat in World War II, an estimated 4,000 to 5,000 war orphans were left behind in China. The older generation of Chinese leaders, including Chairman Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, treated them with kindness, as did ordinary Chinese people in Northeast China.

\n

This shows that China distinguishes between Japan's militarist clique and the Japanese people. By launching the war, the militarists not only dragged all the Japanese people into World War II but also made them victims of the war.

\n

After returning to Japan, those orphans acted as a bridge between China and Japan. Many of them formed organizations, revisited their adoptive families in China, and fostered goodwill between the two countries. Their story shows that a genuine people-to-people bond rooted in compassion and mutual understanding is irreplaceable.

\n

Q: Will Japan's labeling of China as the \"greatest strategic challenge\" in its recent defense white papers harm bilateral relations?

\n

A: Postwar Japan has oscillated between pursuing strategic autonomy to enhance its defense capabilities and relying on the US for national security. Yet by calling China the "greatest strategic challenge", Japan is fabricating stories to justify its militarization and rally domestic public support for it. Japan plans to increase its defense spending beyond 2 percent of GDP by 2027.

\n

The Japanese government argues that its "low defense spending" is inadequate to sustain its status as a major power or counter what it calls "diversified threats", whether from China or other sources. To this end, it seeks to increase defense budgets, expand offensive weapons capabilities, and procure advanced military hardware — all of which require securing public support to ensure smooth approval in both houses of the Diet when these policies are formally proposed.

\n

On the other hand, with the US advancing its "Indo-Pacific" strategy, Japan is concerned about its diminishing role in the alliance due to the US' growing diversified partners. For decades, Tokyo has followed Washington's lead, but it has been working to exercise greater influence and autonomy within the alliance.

\n

By calling China as such a "threat", both countries gain justification to deepen alliance integration, enabling Tokyo to harness US strategic weight for expanded regional influence and leadership. Japan also believes this will make it an indispensable ally of the US in the Asia-Pacific. But Japan should realize that in today's world, national security cannot be safeguarded by hyping up nonexistent threats. And clinging to the beggar-thy-neighbor approach will not help Japan win the support of its neighbors or the wider international community either.

\n

Q: Is Japan's strategy of boosting security and the economy sustainable?

\n

A: At the end of 2024, Japan was China's fifth-largest trading partner, third largest among individual countries, while China was Japan's largest trading partner and primary source of imports. Sino-Japanese trade has been mutually beneficial for decades. It is the US that has been trying to destabilize the global economic order by launching the tariff war.

\n

It is essential for China, Japan and the Republic of Korea, as major economies in the Asia-Pacific, to deepen cooperation, especially in fields such as cutting-edge technologies and infrastructure development, to ensure the region's continued development.

\n

Japan's approach to China is inherently contradictory. Despite continuing to align with the US in matters of security and defense, Japan has been enjoying the economic gains from Sino-Japanese trade.

\n

Q: How should we respond to certain US and Japanese politicians' frequent hyping of the Taiwan question?

\n

A: This is a matter of serious concern. We should continue to make efforts to achieve the reunification of Taiwan with the motherland, and avoid making the mistake of "strategic overreach".

\n

Ineffective crisis management could turn a friction into conflict, potentially dragging other countries into it. To prevent this, China and Japan have established effective multi-tier, multi-channel crisis management mechanisms, including hotlines at the defense minister level.

\n

In recent years, through a series of military exercises and demonstrations of advanced weapons systems, China has showcased the modernization of its defense forces, as well as its resolve to safeguard its sovereignty and territorial integrity, and achieve national reunification.

\n

It will again do so at an opportune moment and location to demonstrate its military capabilities to deter hostile forces, and prevent them from exploiting sensitive issues.

\n

The views don't necessarily represent those of China Daily.

\n



获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_009_689e531fed50ccabe151790d.htm#009VIEWS", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "4e44db3a7017ecdb15f874dced4b163a", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "009VIEWS - Beijing leads global energy transition", + "description": "
\n

While China's economic miracle is well-known, what is less recognized is its remarkable advance in many scientific and technological fields, especially in renewable energy, since 2000.

\n

A pivotal point came in 2003, when the Chinese government realized the country's growing dependency on imported oil and gas. Since then China's investment in clean energy has continued to be significant.

\n

Because of such a remarkable policy environment, by 2023, more than 95 percent of new utility-scale solar PV panel installations and onshore wind turbines had lower electricity generation costs than new coal and gas plants. Current trends indicate the cost of innovation in the energy sector will continue in the coming decades, further consolidating China's premier global position.

\n

Apart from the reduction in the cost of energy transition, there have been two beneficial side effects. First, China's energy security has significantly strengthened. And second, air pollution levels in Chinese cities have steadily decreased over the past decade. For instance, Beijing witnessed 290 blue sky days in 2024, which was unthinkable a decade ago.

\n

When China started investing heavily in clean energy R&D in 2003, climate change was a matter of concern, but it was not as serious an issue as it is today. Due to rising carbon emissions, global climatic patterns are changing much faster than the forecasts made even five years ago. The world has been trying to reduce emissions so that the increase in global temperatures can be kept below 1.5 degrees Celsius of the preindustrial levels, with many countries committing to achieve carbon neutrality between 2050 and 2060.

\n

But the breakneck speed with which China has built its solar, wind, hydro and nuclear power infrastructure, and mastered the technologies of EVs and high-speed trains suggests the country could peak its emissions around 2026, four years ahead of the target it announced only five years ago.

\n

China's installed solar PV capacity now exceeds 1,000 GW, equivalent to half of the world's total. And between January and May 2025, China added 198 GW of solar and 46 GW of wind energy, equivalent to the total of Indonesia or Turkiye.

\n

As noted earlier, in 2000, China generated a little more than 1,300 TWh of electricity, much less than the US(3,800 TWh) at that time. Since then, China has added more than 8,700 TWh, whereas the US has added only 500 TWh. China is now, by far, the largest producer of electricity in the world, generating 2.32 times that of the US, becoming the world's first "electrostate".

\n

China has redefined the future of global energy thanks to its remarkable advances in the generation and use of all forms of clean energy. Importantly, Chinese companies are building EV plants in Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia, Hungary, Spain, Turkiye, Russia and Brazil, while manufacturing solar PV panels in Malaysia, Vietnam, Portugal and South Africa. In addition, they have become the preferred choice of many developing countries as dam builders.

\n

The availability of proper financing for timely transition to renewable energy is now a serious global challenge. Accordingly, China has granted energy-related funds worth $48 billion each to the China Development Bank and the Export-Import Bank of China, for "small yet smart" and "small yet beautiful" projects. Also, at the 2024 Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, China committed to providing $51 billion for African countries over the next three years to build, among other things, 30 clean energy facilities.

\n

In contrast, Washington has not only withdrawn from the Paris Agreement but also stopped funding US Agency for International Development (USAID), and the United Kingdom has drastically reduced its aid budget.

\n

But despite China's recent financial support, developing countries need much more funds to ensure global energy transition. China is making serious efforts within multilateral frameworks such as Shanghai Cooperation Organization to promote modernization in developing countries and help maintain regional peace, as well as facilitate South-South knowledge and technology transfer, including renewable energy technology transfer.

\n

As global energy dynamics and leadership change, SCO member states are providing a viable platform for shaping new paradigms of energy cooperation and transition. Amid the continuing uncertainties due to climate change, and widespread technological disruptions and geopolitical tensions, SCO member states are engaging in energy collaboration with developing countries and helping them achieve energy transition. Central to these developments is China's continuing leadership in clean energy technologies, and its support to other countries.

\n

The views don't necessarily reflect those of China Daily.

\n

", + "content": "
\n

While China's economic miracle is well-known, what is less recognized is its remarkable advance in many scientific and technological fields, especially in renewable energy, since 2000.

\n

A pivotal point came in 2003, when the Chinese government realized the country's growing dependency on imported oil and gas. Since then China's investment in clean energy has continued to be significant.

\n

Because of such a remarkable policy environment, by 2023, more than 95 percent of new utility-scale solar PV panel installations and onshore wind turbines had lower electricity generation costs than new coal and gas plants. Current trends indicate the cost of innovation in the energy sector will continue in the coming decades, further consolidating China's premier global position.

\n

Apart from the reduction in the cost of energy transition, there have been two beneficial side effects. First, China's energy security has significantly strengthened. And second, air pollution levels in Chinese cities have steadily decreased over the past decade. For instance, Beijing witnessed 290 blue sky days in 2024, which was unthinkable a decade ago.

\n

When China started investing heavily in clean energy R&D in 2003, climate change was a matter of concern, but it was not as serious an issue as it is today. Due to rising carbon emissions, global climatic patterns are changing much faster than the forecasts made even five years ago. The world has been trying to reduce emissions so that the increase in global temperatures can be kept below 1.5 degrees Celsius of the preindustrial levels, with many countries committing to achieve carbon neutrality between 2050 and 2060.

\n

But the breakneck speed with which China has built its solar, wind, hydro and nuclear power infrastructure, and mastered the technologies of EVs and high-speed trains suggests the country could peak its emissions around 2026, four years ahead of the target it announced only five years ago.

\n

China's installed solar PV capacity now exceeds 1,000 GW, equivalent to half of the world's total. And between January and May 2025, China added 198 GW of solar and 46 GW of wind energy, equivalent to the total of Indonesia or Turkiye.

\n

As noted earlier, in 2000, China generated a little more than 1,300 TWh of electricity, much less than the US(3,800 TWh) at that time. Since then, China has added more than 8,700 TWh, whereas the US has added only 500 TWh. China is now, by far, the largest producer of electricity in the world, generating 2.32 times that of the US, becoming the world's first "electrostate".

\n

China has redefined the future of global energy thanks to its remarkable advances in the generation and use of all forms of clean energy. Importantly, Chinese companies are building EV plants in Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia, Hungary, Spain, Turkiye, Russia and Brazil, while manufacturing solar PV panels in Malaysia, Vietnam, Portugal and South Africa. In addition, they have become the preferred choice of many developing countries as dam builders.

\n

The availability of proper financing for timely transition to renewable energy is now a serious global challenge. Accordingly, China has granted energy-related funds worth $48 billion each to the China Development Bank and the Export-Import Bank of China, for "small yet smart" and "small yet beautiful" projects. Also, at the 2024 Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, China committed to providing $51 billion for African countries over the next three years to build, among other things, 30 clean energy facilities.

\n

In contrast, Washington has not only withdrawn from the Paris Agreement but also stopped funding US Agency for International Development (USAID), and the United Kingdom has drastically reduced its aid budget.

\n

But despite China's recent financial support, developing countries need much more funds to ensure global energy transition. China is making serious efforts within multilateral frameworks such as Shanghai Cooperation Organization to promote modernization in developing countries and help maintain regional peace, as well as facilitate South-South knowledge and technology transfer, including renewable energy technology transfer.

\n

As global energy dynamics and leadership change, SCO member states are providing a viable platform for shaping new paradigms of energy cooperation and transition. Amid the continuing uncertainties due to climate change, and widespread technological disruptions and geopolitical tensions, SCO member states are engaging in energy collaboration with developing countries and helping them achieve energy transition. Central to these developments is China's continuing leadership in clean energy technologies, and its support to other countries.

\n

The views don't necessarily reflect those of China Daily.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_009_689e5324ed50ccabe151790e.htm#009VIEWS", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "599fd766e184cb35e3bf0ee27e7dc6d3", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "009VIEWS - Contrasting quality of services in China and EU show need for mutual learning", + "description": "

Chen Weihua

\n\n

After being a foreign correspondent for China Daily for 16 years, I returned home a week ago and began adjusting to life in the fast-changing metropolis of Shanghai. Just a day after my arrival, I received a call from a delivery man asking me whether I would mind if he delivered a parcel a few minutes later than scheduled.

\n

"No problem," I said, soon realizing that he could be penalized by his company for being even slightly late.

\n

Delivery personnel whizzing past vehicles on their e-bikes, despite the scorching temperatures in summer, torrential rain during monsoon and freezing cold in winter, are a common sight in Shanghai and other Chinese cities. They exemplify the diligence of ordinary Chinese workers.

\n

But their working conditions should be improved, not least because they have made life convenient for nearly 25 million Shanghai residents. Meituan and Ele.me, two of the largest food delivery platforms, together boast more than 11 million employees, many of them part-time workers. That is like the entire population of Belgium.

\n

My experience with courier companies in Brussels, especially Amazon Germany and Amazon Belgium, was often nightmarish. I had no clue when exactly the deliveryman would arrive. Waiting at home for half a day for a parcel to arrive, at times I received a message or two, saying the "delivery attempt" failed because there was no one at home. Clearly, the courier companies are not held to account for their lousy service.

\n

In contrast, the courier service in China is efficient to the other extreme. I believe a balance should be found between the courier services in the European Union and China. Chinese delivery personnel should slow down a bit while those in the EU improve.

\n

The same is true for the healthcare system. I've been a beneficiary of the excellent Belgian medical system for seven years. Doctors and nurses were very professional and the cost was quite low thanks to the mutual medical insurance plan. But fixing an appointment with a doctor was sometimes not easy. Two weeks before my departure from Brussels, I was trying to get an ultrasound test done, as recommended by my doctor. Unfortunately, the next available date was late August in one place and September in another.

\n

So I had to wait for the ultrasound till I returned home. In Shanghai, I got it done within one hour of reaching a hospital on Monday, and that too without an appointment, but after seeing a doctor. All is well, thank God.

\n

There is no doubt that, overall, Belgians enjoy a far better healthcare system than the average Chinese given the huge gap between the medical services in big cities and smaller cities and the vast Chinese countryside.

\n

The next day, I got up early to undergo a thorough medical checkup in a local hospital. Chinese companies usually have provisions for annual medical checkup for their employees. But such one-stop service is hard to find in the United States or the EU, the two places where I served as China Daily's foreign correspondent for 16 years. Such preventive medical services are necessary for the early detection of a disease or potential health problem.

\n

My checklist after arriving in Shanghai is shrinking fast, with an important remaining task being exchanging my Belgian driver's license for a Chinese one. My Chinese driver's license expired years ago. According to a bilateral agreement between Belgium and China, I can exchange my Belgian driver's license for a Chinese driver's license without taking any test. That's how I got my Belgian driver's license years ago. But all online information suggests that I still have to write a test in Shanghai, which could take days to prepare for, because I need to score at least 90 percent to qualify for a driver's license.

\n

I hope the information available online applies to countries other than Belgium, which is one of the few EU countries to have bilateral agreements with China.

\n

The comparisons are not to criticize the EU or Belgium, but to learn from each other and make things better.

\n

chenweihua@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "content": "

Chen Weihua

\n\n

After being a foreign correspondent for China Daily for 16 years, I returned home a week ago and began adjusting to life in the fast-changing metropolis of Shanghai. Just a day after my arrival, I received a call from a delivery man asking me whether I would mind if he delivered a parcel a few minutes later than scheduled.

\n

"No problem," I said, soon realizing that he could be penalized by his company for being even slightly late.

\n

Delivery personnel whizzing past vehicles on their e-bikes, despite the scorching temperatures in summer, torrential rain during monsoon and freezing cold in winter, are a common sight in Shanghai and other Chinese cities. They exemplify the diligence of ordinary Chinese workers.

\n

But their working conditions should be improved, not least because they have made life convenient for nearly 25 million Shanghai residents. Meituan and Ele.me, two of the largest food delivery platforms, together boast more than 11 million employees, many of them part-time workers. That is like the entire population of Belgium.

\n

My experience with courier companies in Brussels, especially Amazon Germany and Amazon Belgium, was often nightmarish. I had no clue when exactly the deliveryman would arrive. Waiting at home for half a day for a parcel to arrive, at times I received a message or two, saying the "delivery attempt" failed because there was no one at home. Clearly, the courier companies are not held to account for their lousy service.

\n

In contrast, the courier service in China is efficient to the other extreme. I believe a balance should be found between the courier services in the European Union and China. Chinese delivery personnel should slow down a bit while those in the EU improve.

\n

The same is true for the healthcare system. I've been a beneficiary of the excellent Belgian medical system for seven years. Doctors and nurses were very professional and the cost was quite low thanks to the mutual medical insurance plan. But fixing an appointment with a doctor was sometimes not easy. Two weeks before my departure from Brussels, I was trying to get an ultrasound test done, as recommended by my doctor. Unfortunately, the next available date was late August in one place and September in another.

\n

So I had to wait for the ultrasound till I returned home. In Shanghai, I got it done within one hour of reaching a hospital on Monday, and that too without an appointment, but after seeing a doctor. All is well, thank God.

\n

There is no doubt that, overall, Belgians enjoy a far better healthcare system than the average Chinese given the huge gap between the medical services in big cities and smaller cities and the vast Chinese countryside.

\n

The next day, I got up early to undergo a thorough medical checkup in a local hospital. Chinese companies usually have provisions for annual medical checkup for their employees. But such one-stop service is hard to find in the United States or the EU, the two places where I served as China Daily's foreign correspondent for 16 years. Such preventive medical services are necessary for the early detection of a disease or potential health problem.

\n

My checklist after arriving in Shanghai is shrinking fast, with an important remaining task being exchanging my Belgian driver's license for a Chinese one. My Chinese driver's license expired years ago. According to a bilateral agreement between Belgium and China, I can exchange my Belgian driver's license for a Chinese driver's license without taking any test. That's how I got my Belgian driver's license years ago. But all online information suggests that I still have to write a test in Shanghai, which could take days to prepare for, because I need to score at least 90 percent to qualify for a driver's license.

\n

I hope the information available online applies to countries other than Belgium, which is one of the few EU countries to have bilateral agreements with China.

\n

The comparisons are not to criticize the EU or Belgium, but to learn from each other and make things better.

\n

chenweihua@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_009_689e5328ed50ccabe151790f.htm#009VIEWS", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "266534927bc6a063edfa71da8d339581", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "010WORLD - High stakes, low expectations before crucial US-Russia talks", + "description": "

A car burns on a street after a reported Ukrainian drone attack in Belgorod, Russia, on Thursday.

\n

ANCHORAGE, Alaska — Pressure mounted ahead of a summit in Alaska between the United States and Russia, as Donald Trump warned that Vladimir Putin had only one chance but Moscow pressed ahead with major battlefield gains in Ukraine.

\n

Putin and Trump will meet on Friday at an air base in the far-northern US state, marking the Russian leader's first trip to a Western country since the special military operation that began in February 2022.

\n

With such high stakes, all sides were pushing hard in the hours before the meeting.

\n

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, who has refused to cede territory to Russia, spoke by telephone on Wednesday with Trump, as did European leaders who voiced confidence afterward that the US leader would seek a ceasefire rather than concessions by Kyiv.

\n

Trump himself sent mixed messages, saying he could quickly organize a three-way summit afterward with both Zelensky and Putin but also warning of his impatience with the latter.

\n

"There may be no second meeting because, if I feel that it's not appropriate to have it because I didn't get the answers that we have to have, then we are not going to have a second meeting," Trump told reporters.

\n

Russia, he said, would face "severe consequences" if it does not halt its offensive.

\n

However, Trump added that "if the first one goes okay, we'll have a quick second one" involving both Putin and Zelensky.

\n

Putin pitched the meeting after Trump threatened sanctions on Russia. The US president has already ramped up tariffs on India, which has become a key buyer of Russian energy.

\n

Zelensky, after being berated by Trump at a February meeting in the White House, has publicly supported US diplomacy but made clear his deep skepticism.

\n

"I have told my colleagues — the US president and our European friends — that Putin definitely does not want peace," Zelensky said.

\n

German Chancellor Friedrich Merz, who welcomed Zelensky in Berlin, said Ukraine is ready to negotiate "on territorial issues" but emphasized that the legal recognition of Russia-claimed territories "would not be up for debate".

\n

NATO Secretary-General Mark Rutte said, "The ball is now in Putin's court."

\n

Settling the conflict

\n

The Kremlin said on Thursday that Putin and Trump are expected to discuss ways to settle the Ukraine conflict during their Alaska talks.

\n

"It is probably obvious to everyone that the central topic will be the resolution of the Ukraine crisis," Kremlin aide Yuri Ushakov told reporters.

\n

The talks are scheduled to start at 11:30 am (1930 GMT), with both leaders giving a joint news conference following their meeting, Ushakov said.

\n

The summit will be held at Elmendorf Air Force Base, a major US military hub in Alaska's most populous city of Anchorage that played a key role in monitoring the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

\n

Off the base, on the rainy streets of Anchorage, there were few signs that the world's eyes would soon be on the city, other than an influx of media who have booked up virtually all rooms.

\n

The US Treasury Department announced that it would temporarily ease sanctions on the visiting senior Russian officials, who normally would struggle to carry out simple transactions, such as withdrawing cash in Western countries.

\n

The most visible sign of the impending summit was in Ukraine itself.

\n

According to an AFP analysis of battlefield data from the US-based Institute for the Study of War, Russian forces made their biggest 24-hour advance into Ukraine in more than a year on Tuesday.

\n

Ukrainian soldiers in Kramatorsk, an eastern city about 20 kilometers from the front, said they had low expectations for Trump's meeting with Putin.

\n

Artem, a 30-year-old serviceman, said the conflict would likely continue for "a long time".

\n



获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", + "content": "

A car burns on a street after a reported Ukrainian drone attack in Belgorod, Russia, on Thursday.

\n

ANCHORAGE, Alaska — Pressure mounted ahead of a summit in Alaska between the United States and Russia, as Donald Trump warned that Vladimir Putin had only one chance but Moscow pressed ahead with major battlefield gains in Ukraine.

\n

Putin and Trump will meet on Friday at an air base in the far-northern US state, marking the Russian leader's first trip to a Western country since the special military operation that began in February 2022.

\n

With such high stakes, all sides were pushing hard in the hours before the meeting.

\n

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, who has refused to cede territory to Russia, spoke by telephone on Wednesday with Trump, as did European leaders who voiced confidence afterward that the US leader would seek a ceasefire rather than concessions by Kyiv.

\n

Trump himself sent mixed messages, saying he could quickly organize a three-way summit afterward with both Zelensky and Putin but also warning of his impatience with the latter.

\n

"There may be no second meeting because, if I feel that it's not appropriate to have it because I didn't get the answers that we have to have, then we are not going to have a second meeting," Trump told reporters.

\n

Russia, he said, would face "severe consequences" if it does not halt its offensive.

\n

However, Trump added that "if the first one goes okay, we'll have a quick second one" involving both Putin and Zelensky.

\n

Putin pitched the meeting after Trump threatened sanctions on Russia. The US president has already ramped up tariffs on India, which has become a key buyer of Russian energy.

\n

Zelensky, after being berated by Trump at a February meeting in the White House, has publicly supported US diplomacy but made clear his deep skepticism.

\n

"I have told my colleagues — the US president and our European friends — that Putin definitely does not want peace," Zelensky said.

\n

German Chancellor Friedrich Merz, who welcomed Zelensky in Berlin, said Ukraine is ready to negotiate "on territorial issues" but emphasized that the legal recognition of Russia-claimed territories "would not be up for debate".

\n

NATO Secretary-General Mark Rutte said, "The ball is now in Putin's court."

\n

Settling the conflict

\n

The Kremlin said on Thursday that Putin and Trump are expected to discuss ways to settle the Ukraine conflict during their Alaska talks.

\n

"It is probably obvious to everyone that the central topic will be the resolution of the Ukraine crisis," Kremlin aide Yuri Ushakov told reporters.

\n

The talks are scheduled to start at 11:30 am (1930 GMT), with both leaders giving a joint news conference following their meeting, Ushakov said.

\n

The summit will be held at Elmendorf Air Force Base, a major US military hub in Alaska's most populous city of Anchorage that played a key role in monitoring the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

\n

Off the base, on the rainy streets of Anchorage, there were few signs that the world's eyes would soon be on the city, other than an influx of media who have booked up virtually all rooms.

\n

The US Treasury Department announced that it would temporarily ease sanctions on the visiting senior Russian officials, who normally would struggle to carry out simple transactions, such as withdrawing cash in Western countries.

\n

The most visible sign of the impending summit was in Ukraine itself.

\n

According to an AFP analysis of battlefield data from the US-based Institute for the Study of War, Russian forces made their biggest 24-hour advance into Ukraine in more than a year on Tuesday.

\n

Ukrainian soldiers in Kramatorsk, an eastern city about 20 kilometers from the front, said they had low expectations for Trump's meeting with Putin.

\n

Artem, a 30-year-old serviceman, said the conflict would likely continue for "a long time".

\n



获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_010_689e532ced50ccabe1517910.htm#010WORLD", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "d0351460eb3f54edec6b8e494baedd99", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "010WORLD - Thai experts urge innovation push to counter tariffs", + "description": "

An employee handles semiconductor materials at a factory in Bang Pa-In, Ayutthaya Province, Thailand, on Wednesday. The United States has declared plans for a 100 percent tariff on semiconductor imports.

\n

Thai experts have called for a long-term strategy to offset the negative effects of US tariffs, saying Thailand should strengthen its competitiveness by investing more in innovation and technology while expanding its trade partners, including focusing more on China.

\n

The United States recently announced a new "reciprocal" tariff rate for Thailand at 19 percent, which is significantly lower than the previously proposed 36 percent. The new rate is almost on par with those on several other members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, but lower than the levy on Vietnam.

\n

"The reduced tariff attributed to the government's negotiation efforts is not over yet," said Wichai Kinchong Choi, a business development expert at Kasikorn Bank in Bangkok. "What's more important is to strengthen the country's own risk resistance capacity amid the future global challenges through building a robust economy."

\n

A cautiously optimistic attitude should be held as the US has not yet revealed its additional conditions, Wichai said. According to the agreement, for example, Thailand must fully open its domestic agricultural product market and exempt agricultural products imported from the US from tariffs.

\n

"The move will pose risks to Thailand's domestic fruit market," he said.

\n

In the long term, he said, Thailand should further expand into new markets to diversify risk and enhance its production processes to reduce costs while further strengthening its partnership with ASEAN countries and major trade partners such as China.

\n

"As the global trade will deepen, Thailand should urge its major sectors to accelerate reform by leveraging innovation and technology," Wichai said. "We need to adapt and enhance our own competition by investing more in industries such as clean energy, artificial intelligence and electric vehicles that contribute to the kingdom's industrial upgrading and sustainable development."

\n

After the announcement of the reduced tariff rate, Kasikorn Research Center in Bangkok released a report estimating that the Thai economy is expected to grow by 1.5 percent this year, an improvement from the prior projection of 1.4 percent.

\n

Pornchai Thiraveja, director-general of the Fiscal Policy Office at the Thai Finance Ministry, said in a recent interview with the Bangkok Post that the ministry plans to implement stimulus measures to spur domestic spending and investment to support the economy.

\n

Stimulus measures

\n

Measures may include accelerating the disbursement of public investment budgets for infrastructure projects, introducing tax policies to encourage consumption, and supporting the tourism and service sectors.

\n

In addition, the government has established a Competitiveness Enhancement Fund with a budget of 10 billion baht ($308 million), targeting vulnerable industries or those requiring urgent adaptation, which can also aid local businesses in adapting to changing trade conditions.

\n

Apart from solving the internal problems, experts said Thailand should join hands with Southeast Asian countries to open up further and improve market facilitation, as well as improve trade rules and regulations for deepening cooperation with more partners, including China.

\n

Piti Srisangnam, executive director of the ASEAN Foundation, said Thailand has so far joined several regional agreements, such as the ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement, which are crucial for it to strengthen cooperation with more partners.

\n

He urged the Thai government to upgrade regulations and agreements with other trade partners and enlarge existing cooperation frameworks, such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership.

\n

"Apart from that, we also need to access the larger market, such as BRICS Plus, which will provide Thailand with access to a larger market, facilitating trade and investment opportunities," Piti said. "Being part of BRICS can elevate Thailand's political status on the global stage, providing it with a platform to voice its interests and contribute to global economic and political discussions."

\n

The tariff policy initiated by the US can be a good chance for Thailand to reshape its industry and economy, said Suthiphand Chirathivat, a professor emeritus of economics and former director of the ASEAN Studies Center at Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok.

\n

"Moreover, the trade war will very likely bring ASEAN and China even closer," Suthiphand said.

\n

yangwanli@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "content": "

An employee handles semiconductor materials at a factory in Bang Pa-In, Ayutthaya Province, Thailand, on Wednesday. The United States has declared plans for a 100 percent tariff on semiconductor imports.

\n

Thai experts have called for a long-term strategy to offset the negative effects of US tariffs, saying Thailand should strengthen its competitiveness by investing more in innovation and technology while expanding its trade partners, including focusing more on China.

\n

The United States recently announced a new "reciprocal" tariff rate for Thailand at 19 percent, which is significantly lower than the previously proposed 36 percent. The new rate is almost on par with those on several other members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, but lower than the levy on Vietnam.

\n

"The reduced tariff attributed to the government's negotiation efforts is not over yet," said Wichai Kinchong Choi, a business development expert at Kasikorn Bank in Bangkok. "What's more important is to strengthen the country's own risk resistance capacity amid the future global challenges through building a robust economy."

\n

A cautiously optimistic attitude should be held as the US has not yet revealed its additional conditions, Wichai said. According to the agreement, for example, Thailand must fully open its domestic agricultural product market and exempt agricultural products imported from the US from tariffs.

\n

"The move will pose risks to Thailand's domestic fruit market," he said.

\n

In the long term, he said, Thailand should further expand into new markets to diversify risk and enhance its production processes to reduce costs while further strengthening its partnership with ASEAN countries and major trade partners such as China.

\n

"As the global trade will deepen, Thailand should urge its major sectors to accelerate reform by leveraging innovation and technology," Wichai said. "We need to adapt and enhance our own competition by investing more in industries such as clean energy, artificial intelligence and electric vehicles that contribute to the kingdom's industrial upgrading and sustainable development."

\n

After the announcement of the reduced tariff rate, Kasikorn Research Center in Bangkok released a report estimating that the Thai economy is expected to grow by 1.5 percent this year, an improvement from the prior projection of 1.4 percent.

\n

Pornchai Thiraveja, director-general of the Fiscal Policy Office at the Thai Finance Ministry, said in a recent interview with the Bangkok Post that the ministry plans to implement stimulus measures to spur domestic spending and investment to support the economy.

\n

Stimulus measures

\n

Measures may include accelerating the disbursement of public investment budgets for infrastructure projects, introducing tax policies to encourage consumption, and supporting the tourism and service sectors.

\n

In addition, the government has established a Competitiveness Enhancement Fund with a budget of 10 billion baht ($308 million), targeting vulnerable industries or those requiring urgent adaptation, which can also aid local businesses in adapting to changing trade conditions.

\n

Apart from solving the internal problems, experts said Thailand should join hands with Southeast Asian countries to open up further and improve market facilitation, as well as improve trade rules and regulations for deepening cooperation with more partners, including China.

\n

Piti Srisangnam, executive director of the ASEAN Foundation, said Thailand has so far joined several regional agreements, such as the ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement, which are crucial for it to strengthen cooperation with more partners.

\n

He urged the Thai government to upgrade regulations and agreements with other trade partners and enlarge existing cooperation frameworks, such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership.

\n

"Apart from that, we also need to access the larger market, such as BRICS Plus, which will provide Thailand with access to a larger market, facilitating trade and investment opportunities," Piti said. "Being part of BRICS can elevate Thailand's political status on the global stage, providing it with a platform to voice its interests and contribute to global economic and political discussions."

\n

The tariff policy initiated by the US can be a good chance for Thailand to reshape its industry and economy, said Suthiphand Chirathivat, a professor emeritus of economics and former director of the ASEAN Studies Center at Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok.

\n

"Moreover, the trade war will very likely bring ASEAN and China even closer," Suthiphand said.

\n

yangwanli@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_010_689e5331ed50ccabe1517911.htm#010WORLD", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "f32f92a3a468f4bebed2242c49936b77", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "010WORLD - Lisbon Maru sinks, memories stay afloat", + "description": "

Xing Yi

\n\n

The first time I stepped into the National Memorial Arboretum in Staffordshire, England, I found myself among more than 400 statues, sculptures and slabs, commemorating soldiers and civilian communities who died in service during the two world wars.

\n

"Each one has a story behind it," a volunteer at the site told me. "Which one are you looking for?"

\n

"Lisbon Maru," I replied.

\n

As the volunteer gave me directions, I couldn't help but recall my very first reporting assignment after arriving in London three years ago — a screening of a documentary about the Lisbon Maru.

\n

What is it? I had wondered. Lisbon — the capital of Portugal, and maru seems to be a Japanese word. The juxtaposition puzzled me.

\n

After some research, I uncovered just the tip of the story — a vast, complicated, tragic yet heroic chapter of World War II, long buried in time and scattered across seas.

\n

Lisbon Maru was the name of a cargo ship requisitioned by the Japanese army during the war. Like many civilian freighters that transported Allied prisoners of war as forced labor, its conditions were inhumane. Hundreds of prisoners were crammed into the holds, denied proper food, water or ventilation.

\n

And the voyage was perilous. These ships were rarely marked as noncombatant, making them targets for fire from Allied forces. More than a dozen were sunk — including the Lisbon Maru. Thus, they were also known as "hell ships".

\n

In the darkest moments, the best of humanity — compassion, courage, resilience — comes to light. That's what I learned covering commemorations of the Lisbon Maru incident in the past three years.

\n

At the documentary screening event, I met Denise Wynnedaughter of the late Dennis Morley, the last survivor among the 1,816 prisoners of war, mostly British, aboard the Lisbon Maru, which was torpedoed by a United States submarine off the coast of East China's Zhejiang province on Oct 1, 1942.

\n

A musician of the second battalion of the Royal Scottish Regiment, Morley was 22 when he broke out from the locked hold and leapt into the sea, dodging bullets from Japanese guards.

\n

It so happened that when the Japanese soldiers were given the order to shoot those who escaped from the sinking ship, Chinese fishers in nearby villages of Dongji Island came on small boats to rescue the drowning men.

\n

"It was Chinese fishermen who changed everything," Morley said in a 2019 interview. "When they came out, the Japanese saw them, and they stopped shooting. That was when they started picking us up."

\n

Wu Buwei, grandson of the late fisherman Wu Qisheng, who was one of the main organizers of the rescue efforts, recounted the rescue, "Men and women, the old and the young, everyone in the village was mobilized." With only around 60 small boats, the fishers pulled as many drowning soldiers as they could and ferried back British soldiers ashore.

\n

The fishers saved 384 from the water, though 828 lives were lost.

\n

"And the fishermen fed soldiers with whatever they had — fish, sweet potatoes," Wu said.

\n

Wynne told me one of her father's final wishes was to see a memorial not only for the fallen soldiers, but also for the fishers who risked everything to save them.

\n

There was already a memorial erected at the National Memorial Arboretum, she said, adding that it would be comforting to her father that a twin memorial would be built on Dongji Island.

\n

Since then, I have covered many other stories, but the Lisbon Maru never left me. I kept returning to it.

\n

I interviewed Fang Li, the Chinese director of The Sinking of the Lisbon Maru, who spent eight years making the documentary. The rough cut of the film was screened for the survivors' families in 2023, a year before it was released.

\n

"It's an untold history," said Fang. "We see the bravery of our Chinese fishermen, we hear heartbreaking stories of individual British families one after another, and we are angered by Japan's attempt to cover up the brutal crime."

\n

I met Brian Finch, a retired major who has spent years collecting documents on the Lisbon Maru and helping reunite survivors' families.

\n

"Everyone who knows the story remembers it," he said. "But too many in the UK still don't know. We need to tell it — here and internationally."

\n

At the annual reunions hosted by the Chinese embassy in London, I met many other relatives. They brought their spouses, children and grandchildren — each carrying a unique thread of this shared history.

\n

I spoke to historian Tony Banham, one of the earliest researchers of the incident. He interviewed many survivors in the 1990s and published a book in 2006.

\n

"So many documentaries about war talk about the glamor of war, the aircraft, the tanks, the colorful explosions," he said. "But if there's one lesson we can teach people that might make them think twice, it is understanding that wars don't end when the last bullet is fired. It ends when the last survivor dies. War lasts a lifetime."

\n

In May, I read about the unveiling of the memorial to the Dongji fishers in Zhejiang. Wynne was there, along with other families of the Lisbon Maru prisoners of war.

\n

"Establishing this memorial was my father's wish, shared by all the surviving British POWs," she told reporters. "Now our descendants are accessible to visit and remember ancestors' sacrifices and the rescuers' bravery, and take pride in this legacy."

\n

That was when I knew it was time to visit the twin memorial in England. This time, I brought my own family, and told them about the Lisbon Maru.

\n

When war ends, we shall remember. And as a reporter, I know the best way to remember is to tell a story — so it is not only carved in stone, but also etched in the heart.

\n

Contact the writer at xingyi@chinadaily.com.cn

\n



获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", + "content": "

Xing Yi

\n\n

The first time I stepped into the National Memorial Arboretum in Staffordshire, England, I found myself among more than 400 statues, sculptures and slabs, commemorating soldiers and civilian communities who died in service during the two world wars.

\n

"Each one has a story behind it," a volunteer at the site told me. "Which one are you looking for?"

\n

"Lisbon Maru," I replied.

\n

As the volunteer gave me directions, I couldn't help but recall my very first reporting assignment after arriving in London three years ago — a screening of a documentary about the Lisbon Maru.

\n

What is it? I had wondered. Lisbon — the capital of Portugal, and maru seems to be a Japanese word. The juxtaposition puzzled me.

\n

After some research, I uncovered just the tip of the story — a vast, complicated, tragic yet heroic chapter of World War II, long buried in time and scattered across seas.

\n

Lisbon Maru was the name of a cargo ship requisitioned by the Japanese army during the war. Like many civilian freighters that transported Allied prisoners of war as forced labor, its conditions were inhumane. Hundreds of prisoners were crammed into the holds, denied proper food, water or ventilation.

\n

And the voyage was perilous. These ships were rarely marked as noncombatant, making them targets for fire from Allied forces. More than a dozen were sunk — including the Lisbon Maru. Thus, they were also known as "hell ships".

\n

In the darkest moments, the best of humanity — compassion, courage, resilience — comes to light. That's what I learned covering commemorations of the Lisbon Maru incident in the past three years.

\n

At the documentary screening event, I met Denise Wynnedaughter of the late Dennis Morley, the last survivor among the 1,816 prisoners of war, mostly British, aboard the Lisbon Maru, which was torpedoed by a United States submarine off the coast of East China's Zhejiang province on Oct 1, 1942.

\n

A musician of the second battalion of the Royal Scottish Regiment, Morley was 22 when he broke out from the locked hold and leapt into the sea, dodging bullets from Japanese guards.

\n

It so happened that when the Japanese soldiers were given the order to shoot those who escaped from the sinking ship, Chinese fishers in nearby villages of Dongji Island came on small boats to rescue the drowning men.

\n

"It was Chinese fishermen who changed everything," Morley said in a 2019 interview. "When they came out, the Japanese saw them, and they stopped shooting. That was when they started picking us up."

\n

Wu Buwei, grandson of the late fisherman Wu Qisheng, who was one of the main organizers of the rescue efforts, recounted the rescue, "Men and women, the old and the young, everyone in the village was mobilized." With only around 60 small boats, the fishers pulled as many drowning soldiers as they could and ferried back British soldiers ashore.

\n

The fishers saved 384 from the water, though 828 lives were lost.

\n

"And the fishermen fed soldiers with whatever they had — fish, sweet potatoes," Wu said.

\n

Wynne told me one of her father's final wishes was to see a memorial not only for the fallen soldiers, but also for the fishers who risked everything to save them.

\n

There was already a memorial erected at the National Memorial Arboretum, she said, adding that it would be comforting to her father that a twin memorial would be built on Dongji Island.

\n

Since then, I have covered many other stories, but the Lisbon Maru never left me. I kept returning to it.

\n

I interviewed Fang Li, the Chinese director of The Sinking of the Lisbon Maru, who spent eight years making the documentary. The rough cut of the film was screened for the survivors' families in 2023, a year before it was released.

\n

"It's an untold history," said Fang. "We see the bravery of our Chinese fishermen, we hear heartbreaking stories of individual British families one after another, and we are angered by Japan's attempt to cover up the brutal crime."

\n

I met Brian Finch, a retired major who has spent years collecting documents on the Lisbon Maru and helping reunite survivors' families.

\n

"Everyone who knows the story remembers it," he said. "But too many in the UK still don't know. We need to tell it — here and internationally."

\n

At the annual reunions hosted by the Chinese embassy in London, I met many other relatives. They brought their spouses, children and grandchildren — each carrying a unique thread of this shared history.

\n

I spoke to historian Tony Banham, one of the earliest researchers of the incident. He interviewed many survivors in the 1990s and published a book in 2006.

\n

"So many documentaries about war talk about the glamor of war, the aircraft, the tanks, the colorful explosions," he said. "But if there's one lesson we can teach people that might make them think twice, it is understanding that wars don't end when the last bullet is fired. It ends when the last survivor dies. War lasts a lifetime."

\n

In May, I read about the unveiling of the memorial to the Dongji fishers in Zhejiang. Wynne was there, along with other families of the Lisbon Maru prisoners of war.

\n

"Establishing this memorial was my father's wish, shared by all the surviving British POWs," she told reporters. "Now our descendants are accessible to visit and remember ancestors' sacrifices and the rescuers' bravery, and take pride in this legacy."

\n

That was when I knew it was time to visit the twin memorial in England. This time, I brought my own family, and told them about the Lisbon Maru.

\n

When war ends, we shall remember. And as a reporter, I know the best way to remember is to tell a story — so it is not only carved in stone, but also etched in the heart.

\n

Contact the writer at xingyi@chinadaily.com.cn

\n



获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_010_689e5335ed50ccabe1517912.htm#010WORLD", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "a3d1f4a743a5483d3269c5038e901697", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "010WORLD - Briefly", + "description": "

SOUTH ASIA

\n

Floods kill 34 in India-controlled Kashmir

\n

At least 34 people died and more than 200 were missing following sudden, heavy rain in India-controlled Kashmir, officials said on Thursday, the second such disaster in the Himalayas this month. The incident occurred in Chasoti town of Kishtwar district, a stopover point on a popular pilgrimage route. It comes a little over a week after heavy floods and mudslide engulfed an entire village in the Himalayan state of Uttarakhand. India's deputy minister for science and technology, Jitendra Singh, said the floods were triggered by a cloudburst and "could result in substantial casualties".

\n

DPRK

\n

Pyongyang says won't remove loudspeakers

\n

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea has never removed loudspeakers installed along the border with the Republic of Korea and is not willing to remove them, the Korean Central News Agency reported on Thursday, citing a statement from a senior official. Kim Yo-jong, vice-department director of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, in a statement, criticized the ROK for spreading misleading narratives that the DPRK has removed loudspeakers installed on the southern border area, and creating a public opinion that bilateral relations are being "restored".

\n



获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", + "content": "

SOUTH ASIA

\n

Floods kill 34 in India-controlled Kashmir

\n

At least 34 people died and more than 200 were missing following sudden, heavy rain in India-controlled Kashmir, officials said on Thursday, the second such disaster in the Himalayas this month. The incident occurred in Chasoti town of Kishtwar district, a stopover point on a popular pilgrimage route. It comes a little over a week after heavy floods and mudslide engulfed an entire village in the Himalayan state of Uttarakhand. India's deputy minister for science and technology, Jitendra Singh, said the floods were triggered by a cloudburst and "could result in substantial casualties".

\n

DPRK

\n

Pyongyang says won't remove loudspeakers

\n

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea has never removed loudspeakers installed along the border with the Republic of Korea and is not willing to remove them, the Korean Central News Agency reported on Thursday, citing a statement from a senior official. Kim Yo-jong, vice-department director of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, in a statement, criticized the ROK for spreading misleading narratives that the DPRK has removed loudspeakers installed on the southern border area, and creating a public opinion that bilateral relations are being "restored".

\n



获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_010_689e5339ed50ccabe1517913.htm#010WORLD", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "eb45a62749db1f4f80554c2262378e4b", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "011WORLD - Washington's tariffs take toll on consumers", + "description": "

Customers shop at a supermarket in New York City, on Tuesday.

\n

US companies such as Walmart, Nike, Ford, Macy's, Black & Decker, Procter & Gamble, and Adidas, as well as fast fashion stores Shein and Temu have announced price increases due to tariffs, forcing US consumers to pay more for goods.

\n

The companies said that the US' imposition of tariffs had raised their operating costs, forcing them to find ways to offset the levies, such as raising prices.

\n

Macy's slashed its 2025 profit outlook this year. CEO Tony Spring told investors on a first-quarter earnings call that it would raise prices because of tariffs. The retailer plans to close 150 underperforming stores nationwide by 2027.

\n

The July Consumer Price Index released on Tuesday by the Bureau of Labor Statistics showed that prices rose by a mild 2.7 percent on a 12-month basis.

\n

The key measure of underlying inflation rose in July as businesses navigated the levies. Although overall the increase was not as much as expected, economists said the impact is substantial.

\n

"A substantial portion, but not all, of the higher costs will be paid by US consumers," Tom Fullerton, an economist and professor at the University of Texas at El Paso, told China Daily. "Chinese companies and US importers will also see reduced profit margins, because not all of the tariffs will be completely passed on in the form of higher prices."

\n

Analysts also warned that the full impact of tariff increases on consumer prices is yet to unfold.

\n

Consumers absorbed 22 percent of tariff costs through June, Goldman Sachs economists said, while businesses bore nearly two-thirds of the tariffs. By October, the amount absorbed by consumers is expected to rise to 67 percent, the bank said.

\n

The latest data shows that core CPI rose 0.3 percent month-on-month, or 3.1 percent year-on-year. This is the highest level in six months. The costs of household goods, furniture and appliances, apparel and footwear were most affected by the tariffs.

\n

On Aug 7, the US administration rolled out its global tariffs on trade partners with rates ranging from 10 to 50 percent.

\n

The levies are on food, cars, clothes, electronics and more — much of which is imported, and this could mean that the average family will pay an extra $2,400 per year, the Budget Lab at Yale estimated.

\n

At least 90 percent of US citizens admitted to feeling "stressed" about the rising cost of groceries, an Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research poll found. Groceries got more expensive in every category from June 2024 to June 2025, BLS data shows.

\n

Pricier coffee

\n

Even caffeine lovers have been forced to wake up and smell the coffee after prices rose 2.2 percent month-over-month, CPI data showed. The US administration has placed a 50 percent tariff on imports from Brazil, a major source of coffee imports for the US.

\n

David A. Gantz, an economist at the Baker Institute at Rice University, told China Daily: "The tariffs will… be passed on to the consumers purchasing coffee in the supermarket and coffee shops."

\n

The impact of tariffs has also spread to retailers and automakers.

\n

Ford, for example, is set to make pricing adjustments in the near future, according to Bloomberg.

\n

So too is German carmaker Volkswagen, which reported a $1.5 billion loss in the first half of the year, after the tariffs were launched, ABC News reported. Sales in North America plunged 16 percent due to tariffs.

\n

Some shoppers at Walmart have reported on social media seeing price tags ripped off most garments as the retail giant quietly adjusted its prices, though it displays them more readily on its app. Walmart CEO Doug McMillon said in May that the company could not "absorb all the pressure given the reality of narrow retail margins".

\n

At least 75 percent of all toys, or $13.4 billion worth, were imported from China in 2024, according to the US Commerce Department. Toymakers Hasbro and Mattel warned that higher prices were on the way due to rising tariff costs.

\n

Nike said in a June earnings call that it would need to raise prices to offset a possible $1 billion in extra tariff costs in the 2026 fiscal year. Black & Decker, and Procter &Gamble are also raising prices. Retailer Target said in March that it would raise prices on groceries due to tariffs on Mexico and Canada, which ship in a lot of food items.

\n

belindarobinson@chinadailyusa.com

\n

", + "content": "

Customers shop at a supermarket in New York City, on Tuesday.

\n

US companies such as Walmart, Nike, Ford, Macy's, Black & Decker, Procter & Gamble, and Adidas, as well as fast fashion stores Shein and Temu have announced price increases due to tariffs, forcing US consumers to pay more for goods.

\n

The companies said that the US' imposition of tariffs had raised their operating costs, forcing them to find ways to offset the levies, such as raising prices.

\n

Macy's slashed its 2025 profit outlook this year. CEO Tony Spring told investors on a first-quarter earnings call that it would raise prices because of tariffs. The retailer plans to close 150 underperforming stores nationwide by 2027.

\n

The July Consumer Price Index released on Tuesday by the Bureau of Labor Statistics showed that prices rose by a mild 2.7 percent on a 12-month basis.

\n

The key measure of underlying inflation rose in July as businesses navigated the levies. Although overall the increase was not as much as expected, economists said the impact is substantial.

\n

"A substantial portion, but not all, of the higher costs will be paid by US consumers," Tom Fullerton, an economist and professor at the University of Texas at El Paso, told China Daily. "Chinese companies and US importers will also see reduced profit margins, because not all of the tariffs will be completely passed on in the form of higher prices."

\n

Analysts also warned that the full impact of tariff increases on consumer prices is yet to unfold.

\n

Consumers absorbed 22 percent of tariff costs through June, Goldman Sachs economists said, while businesses bore nearly two-thirds of the tariffs. By October, the amount absorbed by consumers is expected to rise to 67 percent, the bank said.

\n

The latest data shows that core CPI rose 0.3 percent month-on-month, or 3.1 percent year-on-year. This is the highest level in six months. The costs of household goods, furniture and appliances, apparel and footwear were most affected by the tariffs.

\n

On Aug 7, the US administration rolled out its global tariffs on trade partners with rates ranging from 10 to 50 percent.

\n

The levies are on food, cars, clothes, electronics and more — much of which is imported, and this could mean that the average family will pay an extra $2,400 per year, the Budget Lab at Yale estimated.

\n

At least 90 percent of US citizens admitted to feeling "stressed" about the rising cost of groceries, an Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research poll found. Groceries got more expensive in every category from June 2024 to June 2025, BLS data shows.

\n

Pricier coffee

\n

Even caffeine lovers have been forced to wake up and smell the coffee after prices rose 2.2 percent month-over-month, CPI data showed. The US administration has placed a 50 percent tariff on imports from Brazil, a major source of coffee imports for the US.

\n

David A. Gantz, an economist at the Baker Institute at Rice University, told China Daily: "The tariffs will… be passed on to the consumers purchasing coffee in the supermarket and coffee shops."

\n

The impact of tariffs has also spread to retailers and automakers.

\n

Ford, for example, is set to make pricing adjustments in the near future, according to Bloomberg.

\n

So too is German carmaker Volkswagen, which reported a $1.5 billion loss in the first half of the year, after the tariffs were launched, ABC News reported. Sales in North America plunged 16 percent due to tariffs.

\n

Some shoppers at Walmart have reported on social media seeing price tags ripped off most garments as the retail giant quietly adjusted its prices, though it displays them more readily on its app. Walmart CEO Doug McMillon said in May that the company could not "absorb all the pressure given the reality of narrow retail margins".

\n

At least 75 percent of all toys, or $13.4 billion worth, were imported from China in 2024, according to the US Commerce Department. Toymakers Hasbro and Mattel warned that higher prices were on the way due to rising tariff costs.

\n

Nike said in a June earnings call that it would need to raise prices to offset a possible $1 billion in extra tariff costs in the 2026 fiscal year. Black & Decker, and Procter &Gamble are also raising prices. Retailer Target said in March that it would raise prices on groceries due to tariffs on Mexico and Canada, which ship in a lot of food items.

\n

belindarobinson@chinadailyusa.com

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_011_689e533eed50ccabe1517914.htm#011WORLD", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "faed7dc22520dc6a53b3f629c3a01055", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "011WORLD - Aid package unveiled for Brazilian exporters hit by levies", + "description": "

Brazil's President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva (second from right) and other government officials pose for a group photo during a signing ceremony to enact the Sovereign Brazil Plan, an aid program to support companies affected by the US tariffs, at the Planalto presidential palace in Brasilia, Brazil, on Wednesday.

\n

BRASILIA — Brazil's government unveiled on Wednesday a long-awaited aid package for companies hurt by steep US tariffs, centered on credit lines for exporters and government purchases of products that face greater hurdles in finding alternative markets.

\n

US President Donald Trump hiked duties on several goods from Brazil to 50 percent from 10 percent earlier this month. Although some sectors were exempted from the steeper levies, the move is still set to hurt industries such as coffee, beef, seafood, textiles, footwear and fruit.

\n

Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva had already signaled his administration would not immediately retaliate against the tariff hike, instead prioritizing support for the most affected sectors.

\n

"We will insist on negotiating …but our sovereignty is untouchable," Lula told an event in Brasilia, saying he was open to talks on topics such as ethanol trade.

\n

"We are not announcing reciprocity measures. We don't want, at first, to do anything that could justify worsening our relations," the leader added.

\n

The centerpiece of the aid plan is a 30 billion-real ($5.55 billion) credit line via the existing Export Guarantee Fund, which is managed by state development bank BNDES, according to a statement.

\n

The government will also make additional contributions totaling 4.5 billion reais to strengthen some funds supporting aid for smaller companies, it added.

\n

The measures are part of an executive order signed by Lula, which takes effect immediately but must be approved by Congress within four months to remain in force.

\n

'Palliative but necessary'

\n

Ricardo Alban, the chairman of the Brazilian industry confederation, said he hopes "this plan is behind us as quickly as possible".He described it as "palliative, but necessary".

\n

"Nothing justifies us being on the lowest of tariffs to going to the highest of tariffs," Alban said.

\n

Brazil was among the nations hardest hit by Trump's tariffs.

\n

Washington exempted key goods such as aircraft, orange juice, oil and pulp from the higher rate, but products like coffee and beef, of which Brazil is a major US supplier, are now subject to the full rate, which took effect last week.

\n

Trump imposed the levies on US imports from Brazil largely in response to a Brazilian legal case he has accused of being a "witch hunt "against former president Jair Bolsonaro, who is on trial for allegedly plotting to overturn the 2022 election after his supporters overran government buildings.

\n

Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Moraes, who is overseeing the case, said that he would continue to do his job and that Brazil's top court would not submit itself to foreign coercion and that it would guard the country's constitution.

\n

Brazil's new aid program also eases the tax burden on exporters to help them remain competitive in the US, a measure in place through the end of next year that the government estimated would cost 5 billion reais in foregone revenue.

\n

The plan extends the timeframe for using tax credits under the "drawback" regime, which reimburses import taxes on inputs used in the production of exported goods.

\n

", + "content": "

Brazil's President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva (second from right) and other government officials pose for a group photo during a signing ceremony to enact the Sovereign Brazil Plan, an aid program to support companies affected by the US tariffs, at the Planalto presidential palace in Brasilia, Brazil, on Wednesday.

\n

BRASILIA — Brazil's government unveiled on Wednesday a long-awaited aid package for companies hurt by steep US tariffs, centered on credit lines for exporters and government purchases of products that face greater hurdles in finding alternative markets.

\n

US President Donald Trump hiked duties on several goods from Brazil to 50 percent from 10 percent earlier this month. Although some sectors were exempted from the steeper levies, the move is still set to hurt industries such as coffee, beef, seafood, textiles, footwear and fruit.

\n

Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva had already signaled his administration would not immediately retaliate against the tariff hike, instead prioritizing support for the most affected sectors.

\n

"We will insist on negotiating …but our sovereignty is untouchable," Lula told an event in Brasilia, saying he was open to talks on topics such as ethanol trade.

\n

"We are not announcing reciprocity measures. We don't want, at first, to do anything that could justify worsening our relations," the leader added.

\n

The centerpiece of the aid plan is a 30 billion-real ($5.55 billion) credit line via the existing Export Guarantee Fund, which is managed by state development bank BNDES, according to a statement.

\n

The government will also make additional contributions totaling 4.5 billion reais to strengthen some funds supporting aid for smaller companies, it added.

\n

The measures are part of an executive order signed by Lula, which takes effect immediately but must be approved by Congress within four months to remain in force.

\n

'Palliative but necessary'

\n

Ricardo Alban, the chairman of the Brazilian industry confederation, said he hopes "this plan is behind us as quickly as possible".He described it as "palliative, but necessary".

\n

"Nothing justifies us being on the lowest of tariffs to going to the highest of tariffs," Alban said.

\n

Brazil was among the nations hardest hit by Trump's tariffs.

\n

Washington exempted key goods such as aircraft, orange juice, oil and pulp from the higher rate, but products like coffee and beef, of which Brazil is a major US supplier, are now subject to the full rate, which took effect last week.

\n

Trump imposed the levies on US imports from Brazil largely in response to a Brazilian legal case he has accused of being a "witch hunt "against former president Jair Bolsonaro, who is on trial for allegedly plotting to overturn the 2022 election after his supporters overran government buildings.

\n

Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Moraes, who is overseeing the case, said that he would continue to do his job and that Brazil's top court would not submit itself to foreign coercion and that it would guard the country's constitution.

\n

Brazil's new aid program also eases the tax burden on exporters to help them remain competitive in the US, a measure in place through the end of next year that the government estimated would cost 5 billion reais in foregone revenue.

\n

The plan extends the timeframe for using tax credits under the "drawback" regime, which reimburses import taxes on inputs used in the production of exported goods.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_011_689e5342ed50ccabe1517915.htm#011WORLD", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "6fd266806aaae5851790a1a71d9f4c4c", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "011WORLD - Arab nations slam Netanyahu's 'Greater Israel' plan", + "description": "

Zeng Jixin (left), head of China's office to the State of Palestine, shakes hands with Karim Amer, director of partnerships with the UNRWA Department of External Relations, after signing a contribution agreement in Amman, Jordan, on Wednesday.

\n

The Arab League and the Gulf Cooperation Council have rejected Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's "Greater Israel "remarks, denouncing the rhetoric as stemming from an "extremist mindset steeped in colonial delusions and a dangerous expansionist approach".

\n

They also said such rhetoric constitutes a violation of the sovereignty of Arab states and an attempt to undermine security and stability in the region.

\n

Secretary-General of the GCC Jasem Mohamed Albudaiwi stressed that such dangerous statements and plans "clearly reveal the dangerous approach pursued by the occupation authorities", as he underlined the categorical rejection of the GCC countries of any attempts to prejudice the national sovereignty and territorial integrity of Arab countries.

\n

Netanyahu's remarks were made in response to an interview with i24News, which aired on Tuesday, after he was asked if he "feels a connection" to a "vision" of "Greater Israel" and to which he responded "very much", the Times of Israel reported.

\n

His comments also come as farright Israeli Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich announced that he plans to approve tenders to build more than 3,000 homes that would connect Jerusalem and the existing Israeli settlement of Maale Adumim, located several kilometers to the east that would "bury the Palestinian state".

\n

Palestine's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates condemned Israel's issuance of tenders for the construction of thousands of new colonial units.

\n

In a statement on Thursday, the ministry said the tenders are part of Israel's plan "to undermine the possibility of establishing a Palestinian state, undermine its geographic and demographic unity, and perpetuate the division of the West Bank into isolated areas, submerged in a colonial environment to facilitate its eventual annexation".

\n

The ministry appealed to the international community to intervene and impose sanctions "to force the occupation to halt its plans, comply with the international consensus on resolving the Palestinian issue, halt genocide, displacement, and annexation, and enable the Palestinians to achieve their right to self-determination".

\n

Ayman Yousef, a professor of international relations at the Arab American University in Jenin, West Bank, told China Daily that Netanyahu's public statements on expanding the "project of Greater Israel", though nothing new, at this stage "give different lessons".

\n

One could be to the Israeli public opinion that Netanyahu is an inspirational leader. The other even may be to the US administration, that there is an alliance of Israeli rightists and their US supporters, said Yousef.

\n

The third message is "to the Israeli army, to be ready for new adventures. Maybe in Syria and Lebanon and even Jordan", he added.

\n

The latest moves and policies by senior Israeli officials have narrowed the room for diplomacy as they all happen just weeks before a major United Nations conference on recognizing Palestinian statehood is set to take place in New York next month and as negotiations for reaching a Gaza truce continue in Cairo and Doha this week.

\n

However, Israeli killings are continuing in Gaza, with Al Jazeera reporting at least 23 Palestinians have died in Israeli attacks in the besieged enclave since dawn on Thursday. Among the victims were 10 people who were seeking aid.

\n

Crisis for aid groups

\n

International aid organizations are also not pushing back on their claims that lifesaving supplies being allowed by Israel are just a drop in the ocean, ignoring Israeli claims that say otherwise.

\n

More than 100 aid groups — including Oxfam, Caritas Internationalis, and Doctors Without Borders — issued a joint statement on Thursday, calling on Israel to "end the weaponization of aid", including through bureaucratic obstruction, and for the immediate and unconditional opening of all land crossings for the delivery of lifesaving aid.

\n

On Wednesday, China signed an agreement to contribute to the UN agency for Palestinian refugees, or UNRWA, and called for continued international support for the body, which says it faces an "existential crisis" from the war in Gaza and a severe funding gap.

\n

The contribution agreement, part of Beijing's annual donation, was signed in the Jordanian capital by Zeng Jixin, head of China's office to the State of Palestine, and Karim Amer, UNRWA's director of partnerships.

\n

Zeng said China has increased its annual donation and provided medical supplies and other aid since the Gaza conflict erupted.

\n

Xinhua contributed to this story.

\n

jan@chinadailyapac.com

\n

", + "content": "

Zeng Jixin (left), head of China's office to the State of Palestine, shakes hands with Karim Amer, director of partnerships with the UNRWA Department of External Relations, after signing a contribution agreement in Amman, Jordan, on Wednesday.

\n

The Arab League and the Gulf Cooperation Council have rejected Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's "Greater Israel "remarks, denouncing the rhetoric as stemming from an "extremist mindset steeped in colonial delusions and a dangerous expansionist approach".

\n

They also said such rhetoric constitutes a violation of the sovereignty of Arab states and an attempt to undermine security and stability in the region.

\n

Secretary-General of the GCC Jasem Mohamed Albudaiwi stressed that such dangerous statements and plans "clearly reveal the dangerous approach pursued by the occupation authorities", as he underlined the categorical rejection of the GCC countries of any attempts to prejudice the national sovereignty and territorial integrity of Arab countries.

\n

Netanyahu's remarks were made in response to an interview with i24News, which aired on Tuesday, after he was asked if he "feels a connection" to a "vision" of "Greater Israel" and to which he responded "very much", the Times of Israel reported.

\n

His comments also come as farright Israeli Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich announced that he plans to approve tenders to build more than 3,000 homes that would connect Jerusalem and the existing Israeli settlement of Maale Adumim, located several kilometers to the east that would "bury the Palestinian state".

\n

Palestine's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates condemned Israel's issuance of tenders for the construction of thousands of new colonial units.

\n

In a statement on Thursday, the ministry said the tenders are part of Israel's plan "to undermine the possibility of establishing a Palestinian state, undermine its geographic and demographic unity, and perpetuate the division of the West Bank into isolated areas, submerged in a colonial environment to facilitate its eventual annexation".

\n

The ministry appealed to the international community to intervene and impose sanctions "to force the occupation to halt its plans, comply with the international consensus on resolving the Palestinian issue, halt genocide, displacement, and annexation, and enable the Palestinians to achieve their right to self-determination".

\n

Ayman Yousef, a professor of international relations at the Arab American University in Jenin, West Bank, told China Daily that Netanyahu's public statements on expanding the "project of Greater Israel", though nothing new, at this stage "give different lessons".

\n

One could be to the Israeli public opinion that Netanyahu is an inspirational leader. The other even may be to the US administration, that there is an alliance of Israeli rightists and their US supporters, said Yousef.

\n

The third message is "to the Israeli army, to be ready for new adventures. Maybe in Syria and Lebanon and even Jordan", he added.

\n

The latest moves and policies by senior Israeli officials have narrowed the room for diplomacy as they all happen just weeks before a major United Nations conference on recognizing Palestinian statehood is set to take place in New York next month and as negotiations for reaching a Gaza truce continue in Cairo and Doha this week.

\n

However, Israeli killings are continuing in Gaza, with Al Jazeera reporting at least 23 Palestinians have died in Israeli attacks in the besieged enclave since dawn on Thursday. Among the victims were 10 people who were seeking aid.

\n

Crisis for aid groups

\n

International aid organizations are also not pushing back on their claims that lifesaving supplies being allowed by Israel are just a drop in the ocean, ignoring Israeli claims that say otherwise.

\n

More than 100 aid groups — including Oxfam, Caritas Internationalis, and Doctors Without Borders — issued a joint statement on Thursday, calling on Israel to "end the weaponization of aid", including through bureaucratic obstruction, and for the immediate and unconditional opening of all land crossings for the delivery of lifesaving aid.

\n

On Wednesday, China signed an agreement to contribute to the UN agency for Palestinian refugees, or UNRWA, and called for continued international support for the body, which says it faces an "existential crisis" from the war in Gaza and a severe funding gap.

\n

The contribution agreement, part of Beijing's annual donation, was signed in the Jordanian capital by Zeng Jixin, head of China's office to the State of Palestine, and Karim Amer, UNRWA's director of partnerships.

\n

Zeng said China has increased its annual donation and provided medical supplies and other aid since the Gaza conflict erupted.

\n

Xinhua contributed to this story.

\n

jan@chinadailyapac.com

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_011_689e5346ed50ccabe1517916.htm#011WORLD", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "6c04a29d0995296770e48062bf2a1a4c", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "011WORLD - At least 27 dead as boats carrying migrants sink off Italy", + "description": "

LAMPEDUSA, Italy — Rescue vessels resumed a desperate search on Thursday for migrants missing at sea after two crowded boats sank off the Italian island of Lampedusa, with 27 dead already confirmed.

\n

Sixty survivors were brought to shore on Wednesday, two of them taken by helicopter to Sicily for treatment and the others held in the reception centre on the island, according to the Red Cross.

\n

"Of the 58, 21 are minors. They spent a quiet night and are generally in good health," said Imad Dalil, the Red Cross official who runs the reception centre.

\n

The majority are Somali, with a few Egyptians, he added.

\n

Authorities have started efforts to identify the bodies found so far.

\n

Around 95 people were on the boats according to the UN, with the number of confirmed dead rising to 27 overnight, suggesting around eight people were missing.

\n

"At least 27 people have drowned in a tragic shipwreck near Lampedusa," said Filippo Grandi, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, in a social media statement.

\n

"Over 700 refugees and migrants have now died in 2025 in the Central Mediterranean," he said. "All responses — rescue at sea, safe pathways, helping transit countries and addressing root causes — must be strengthened."

\n

First port of call

\n

Lampedusa, just 145 kilometers off the coast of Tunisia, is often the first port of call for people trying to reach Europe in leaky or overcrowded boats.

\n

An Italian helicopter spotted a capsized boat and several bodies in the water on Wednesday, about 14 nautical miles off Lampedusa, the coastguard said.

\n

The boats had left Tripoli, Libya, earlier in the day, it said.

\n

According to survivors, one of the boats started taking on water, causing people to climb onto the other boat, which then capsized.

\n

A newborn baby was among the dead, according to Italian news reports.

\n

Five vessels searched for survivors, including one from the EU's Frontex border agency, alongside a helicopter and two aircraft.

\n

Despite the tragedy, the boats kept coming, with four others intercepted off Lampedusa overnight, according to the Red Cross.

\n

A total of 240 people are currently being held in the reception centre waiting for processing, Dalil said.

\n

Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni offered her "deepest condolences "to the victims and vowed to step up efforts to tackle migrant traffickers.

\n

Her government took office in October 2022, vowing to cut the number of migrants crossing the Mediterranean to Europe.

\n

As part of this, it has cut deals with North African countries from which migrants embark, providing funding and training in exchange for help in stemming departures.

\n

Meloni said stepping up rescue efforts was not enough to tackle the scourge of trafficking, saying this could be done only by "preventing irregular departures and managing migration flows".

\n

More than 38,500 people have arrived on Italian shores so far this year, according to interior ministry figures.

\n

This is slightly up on last year, but significantly less than the 100,000 reported by the same time in 2023.

\n

", + "content": "

LAMPEDUSA, Italy — Rescue vessels resumed a desperate search on Thursday for migrants missing at sea after two crowded boats sank off the Italian island of Lampedusa, with 27 dead already confirmed.

\n

Sixty survivors were brought to shore on Wednesday, two of them taken by helicopter to Sicily for treatment and the others held in the reception centre on the island, according to the Red Cross.

\n

"Of the 58, 21 are minors. They spent a quiet night and are generally in good health," said Imad Dalil, the Red Cross official who runs the reception centre.

\n

The majority are Somali, with a few Egyptians, he added.

\n

Authorities have started efforts to identify the bodies found so far.

\n

Around 95 people were on the boats according to the UN, with the number of confirmed dead rising to 27 overnight, suggesting around eight people were missing.

\n

"At least 27 people have drowned in a tragic shipwreck near Lampedusa," said Filippo Grandi, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, in a social media statement.

\n

"Over 700 refugees and migrants have now died in 2025 in the Central Mediterranean," he said. "All responses — rescue at sea, safe pathways, helping transit countries and addressing root causes — must be strengthened."

\n

First port of call

\n

Lampedusa, just 145 kilometers off the coast of Tunisia, is often the first port of call for people trying to reach Europe in leaky or overcrowded boats.

\n

An Italian helicopter spotted a capsized boat and several bodies in the water on Wednesday, about 14 nautical miles off Lampedusa, the coastguard said.

\n

The boats had left Tripoli, Libya, earlier in the day, it said.

\n

According to survivors, one of the boats started taking on water, causing people to climb onto the other boat, which then capsized.

\n

A newborn baby was among the dead, according to Italian news reports.

\n

Five vessels searched for survivors, including one from the EU's Frontex border agency, alongside a helicopter and two aircraft.

\n

Despite the tragedy, the boats kept coming, with four others intercepted off Lampedusa overnight, according to the Red Cross.

\n

A total of 240 people are currently being held in the reception centre waiting for processing, Dalil said.

\n

Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni offered her "deepest condolences "to the victims and vowed to step up efforts to tackle migrant traffickers.

\n

Her government took office in October 2022, vowing to cut the number of migrants crossing the Mediterranean to Europe.

\n

As part of this, it has cut deals with North African countries from which migrants embark, providing funding and training in exchange for help in stemming departures.

\n

Meloni said stepping up rescue efforts was not enough to tackle the scourge of trafficking, saying this could be done only by "preventing irregular departures and managing migration flows".

\n

More than 38,500 people have arrived on Italian shores so far this year, according to interior ministry figures.

\n

This is slightly up on last year, but significantly less than the 100,000 reported by the same time in 2023.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_011_689e534aed50ccabe1517917.htm#011WORLD", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "31a9ff2d34a67cf2a9cbfbc984e9b31b", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "012ADVERTORIAL - Beijing charts course for six high-tech frontiers", + "description": "

Medical robots at the world's first embodied intelligent robot 4S store which opened in Beijing on Aug 8.

\n

A bus fills up with hydrogen in Beijing's Daxing International Hydrogen Energy Demonstration Zone.

\n

Beijing will advance 110 key tasks across six frontiers — information, health, manufacturing, energy, materials and space, propelling the city's future industries into an accelerated phase this year.

\n

Gu Jinxu, deputy director of the Beijing Bureau of Economy and Information Technology, made the remarks at a recent news conference.

\n

Within the future information segment, for example, the city will push forward the development of an original innovation hub for artificial intelligence. It aims to achieve breakthroughs in multimodal AI, embodied intelligence and world models, while mapping out disruptive technological pathways such as brain-inspired computing and optoelectronic computing.

\n

AI will also be integrated into multiple scenarios to empower new industrialization. The city will press ahead with building a national AI pilot zone and foster the Haidian cluster for advanced AI manufacturing.

\n

As early as September 2023, Beijing released an implementation plan for the innovative development of future industries, outlining specific directions and execution routes.

\n

Over the past year or so, with joint efforts from municipal departments and district governments, the industrial landscape has become clearer, and a steady stream of new technologies, products, and application scenarios has emerged.

\n

A policy system targeting the segmented fields of future industries has been established. Based on one overarching plan, the city has rolled out 38 targeted policy measures in 15 domains, including 6G, brain-computer interfaces and novel energy storage. It is also exploring new ground in atomic-level manufacturing and other emerging sectors.

\n

"Following the full trajectory from conception to growth, and from basic research to industrialization, Beijing has set up 31 innovation platforms across 17 fields," Gu said. Since 2024, the city has established the Beijing Hydrogen General Aviation Innovation Research Institute, which has deployed major facilities in hydrogen energy and synthetic biology; upgraded its humanoid robot innovation center into a joint ministry-municipal initiative; and built 10 future-industry incubation bases in AI, optoelectronics, and related areas.

\n

Distinctive future industrial clusters are now taking shape in Beijing. Haidian district is home to more than 1,300 core AI enterprises, serving as China's major engine for AI technological breakthroughs and application deployment.

\n

The Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area has built the city's High-Level Autonomous Driving Demonstration Zone, while the main structure of Beijing Rocket Street — the nation's first commercial aerospace research and production complex — has been fully capped.

\n

Additionally, Shijingshan district hosts the nation's first metaverse digital experience complex, which has welcomed about 1 million visits. Daxing district's International Hydrogen Energy Demonstration Zone covers the entire industry chain from production, storage and transportation to refueling and utilization. Meanwhile, Fangshan district is developing a new energy storage demonstration zone, and Changping district has attracted more than 70 energy technology giants.

\n

Tang Chao, deputy director of the Zhongguancun Science Park Administrative Commission and vice-mayor of Haidian, explained that Haidian is active across all six future-industry frontiers, spanning general AI, embodied intelligence, commercial aerospace and quantum information.

\n

In commercial aerospace, for instance, nearly 100 satellites currently in orbit — close to one-third of the national total — are from Haidian. In quantum information, the district has built the country's first quantum incubator and Beijing's first quantum industrial park.

\n

Furthermore, Beijing has forged a full-cycle capital system integrating government guidance funds, specialized funds and diversified financial services. As of mid-March, eight newly established municipal government guidance funds have supported 84 future industry projects, accounting for 56 percent of all invested initiatives.

\n

On Aug 1, Beijing released fresh measures to establish an investment mechanism for future industries, pledging to leverage the city's strengths in education, science and talent to coordinate resource inputs and boost productivity.

\n

The city will tap into its megacity-scale scenario incubation capacity, rolling out demonstration projects in urban transport, medical care, green energy and public services. It will also focus on planning new scenarios in general AI, humanoid robots, 6G and quantum information.

\n

Beijing will refine its engineering-oriented technology transfer system, encouraging universities and research institutes to collaborate with enterprises on laboratory technology verification and process optimization.

\n

Enterprises will be encouraged to partner with end-users for trials of their yet-to-be-finalized innovations, promoting product iteration and maturation. Innovations first put into use nationwide will receive subsidies.

\n

Looking ahead, Beijing will benchmark global advanced standards to achieve breakthroughs in the architecture and algorithms of large AI models and make landmark progress in key sectors. It will accelerate the design and research of optical chips, devices and modules, said Li Zhilei, an official at the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission and the Administrative Commission of Zhongguancun Science Park.

\n

Meanwhile, the city will conduct forward-looking research on AI-enabled fusion technology and speed up the industrialization of major achievements such as high-temperature superconducting magnets and iron-based superconducting materials.

\n

haonan@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "content": "

Medical robots at the world's first embodied intelligent robot 4S store which opened in Beijing on Aug 8.

\n

A bus fills up with hydrogen in Beijing's Daxing International Hydrogen Energy Demonstration Zone.

\n

Beijing will advance 110 key tasks across six frontiers — information, health, manufacturing, energy, materials and space, propelling the city's future industries into an accelerated phase this year.

\n

Gu Jinxu, deputy director of the Beijing Bureau of Economy and Information Technology, made the remarks at a recent news conference.

\n

Within the future information segment, for example, the city will push forward the development of an original innovation hub for artificial intelligence. It aims to achieve breakthroughs in multimodal AI, embodied intelligence and world models, while mapping out disruptive technological pathways such as brain-inspired computing and optoelectronic computing.

\n

AI will also be integrated into multiple scenarios to empower new industrialization. The city will press ahead with building a national AI pilot zone and foster the Haidian cluster for advanced AI manufacturing.

\n

As early as September 2023, Beijing released an implementation plan for the innovative development of future industries, outlining specific directions and execution routes.

\n

Over the past year or so, with joint efforts from municipal departments and district governments, the industrial landscape has become clearer, and a steady stream of new technologies, products, and application scenarios has emerged.

\n

A policy system targeting the segmented fields of future industries has been established. Based on one overarching plan, the city has rolled out 38 targeted policy measures in 15 domains, including 6G, brain-computer interfaces and novel energy storage. It is also exploring new ground in atomic-level manufacturing and other emerging sectors.

\n

"Following the full trajectory from conception to growth, and from basic research to industrialization, Beijing has set up 31 innovation platforms across 17 fields," Gu said. Since 2024, the city has established the Beijing Hydrogen General Aviation Innovation Research Institute, which has deployed major facilities in hydrogen energy and synthetic biology; upgraded its humanoid robot innovation center into a joint ministry-municipal initiative; and built 10 future-industry incubation bases in AI, optoelectronics, and related areas.

\n

Distinctive future industrial clusters are now taking shape in Beijing. Haidian district is home to more than 1,300 core AI enterprises, serving as China's major engine for AI technological breakthroughs and application deployment.

\n

The Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area has built the city's High-Level Autonomous Driving Demonstration Zone, while the main structure of Beijing Rocket Street — the nation's first commercial aerospace research and production complex — has been fully capped.

\n

Additionally, Shijingshan district hosts the nation's first metaverse digital experience complex, which has welcomed about 1 million visits. Daxing district's International Hydrogen Energy Demonstration Zone covers the entire industry chain from production, storage and transportation to refueling and utilization. Meanwhile, Fangshan district is developing a new energy storage demonstration zone, and Changping district has attracted more than 70 energy technology giants.

\n

Tang Chao, deputy director of the Zhongguancun Science Park Administrative Commission and vice-mayor of Haidian, explained that Haidian is active across all six future-industry frontiers, spanning general AI, embodied intelligence, commercial aerospace and quantum information.

\n

In commercial aerospace, for instance, nearly 100 satellites currently in orbit — close to one-third of the national total — are from Haidian. In quantum information, the district has built the country's first quantum incubator and Beijing's first quantum industrial park.

\n

Furthermore, Beijing has forged a full-cycle capital system integrating government guidance funds, specialized funds and diversified financial services. As of mid-March, eight newly established municipal government guidance funds have supported 84 future industry projects, accounting for 56 percent of all invested initiatives.

\n

On Aug 1, Beijing released fresh measures to establish an investment mechanism for future industries, pledging to leverage the city's strengths in education, science and talent to coordinate resource inputs and boost productivity.

\n

The city will tap into its megacity-scale scenario incubation capacity, rolling out demonstration projects in urban transport, medical care, green energy and public services. It will also focus on planning new scenarios in general AI, humanoid robots, 6G and quantum information.

\n

Beijing will refine its engineering-oriented technology transfer system, encouraging universities and research institutes to collaborate with enterprises on laboratory technology verification and process optimization.

\n

Enterprises will be encouraged to partner with end-users for trials of their yet-to-be-finalized innovations, promoting product iteration and maturation. Innovations first put into use nationwide will receive subsidies.

\n

Looking ahead, Beijing will benchmark global advanced standards to achieve breakthroughs in the architecture and algorithms of large AI models and make landmark progress in key sectors. It will accelerate the design and research of optical chips, devices and modules, said Li Zhilei, an official at the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission and the Administrative Commission of Zhongguancun Science Park.

\n

Meanwhile, the city will conduct forward-looking research on AI-enabled fusion technology and speed up the industrialization of major achievements such as high-temperature superconducting magnets and iron-based superconducting materials.

\n

haonan@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_012_689e534fed50ccabe1517918.htm#012ADVERTORIAL", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "06d6803c6727d1860ccc5a99919356dc", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "012ADVERTORIAL - Capital maps humanoid future at 2025 World Robot Conference", + "description": "
\n

Visitors interact with an intelligent robot imitating Confucius at the 2025 World Robot Conference in Beijing on Aug 8.

\n

Since robots are a crucial driving force in developing new quality productive forces and shaping an intelligent lifestyle, Beijing has been leveraging its technological and talent strengths to accelerate the development of common technologies, expand application scenarios, build industry exchange platforms, and continuously enhance the supply of essential resources in this field.

\n

As a result, the city's robotics industry ranks among the top in China, Beijing Mayor Yin Yong said at the opening ceremony of the 2025 World Robot Conference.

\n

The event, held from Aug 8 to 12, was jointly hosted by the Chinese Institute of Electronics and the World Robot Cooperation Organization in the Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, also known as Beijing E-Town.

\n

It featured an exhibition area of approximately 50,000 square meters, comprising three main halls focused on innovation, application, and technology.

\n

Over 200 domestic and international robotics companies showcased more than 1,500 exhibits, with over 100 new products making their debut. Among the participants were 50 humanoid robot companies, the highest number among similar exhibitions worldwide.

\n

In the exhibition area of the Beijing Innovation Center of Humanoid Robotics, different models of heterogeneous robots carried out cross-scenario collaborative operations through the coordination of Huisi Kaiwu, the world's first general embodied intelligence platform.

\n

Experts noted that this breaks the traditional barrier of "one machine for one post", marking an evolution from individual intelligence to group intelligence.

\n

Jeff Burnstein, president of the Association for Advancing Automation in the United States, witnessed remarkable changes at this year's conference, one of the most noticeable being the significant increase in international participants. He added that since its inception, the conference has now grown into a truly global event.

\n

Today, the robotics industry is on the verge of large-scale industrialization. The guiding opinions on the innovative development of humanoid robots, released by China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, state that by 2027, the humanoid robot industry is expected to achieve larger-scale growth, with related products deeply integrated into the real economy and becoming an important engine for economic growth.

\n

In response, Beijing aims to build an internationally influential hub for robotics innovation. It will collaborate with Tianjin and Hebei to strategically position key components, promoting the gradual development of high-level, large-scale production capabilities for humanoid robots.

\n

It also plans to establish the first national-level testing and verification platform for humanoid robots, continuously enhance the brand influence of major events such as the World Robot Conference and the World Humanoid Robot Games, and take the lead in setting up specialized robot service institutions to become a global benchmark city for human-robot collaboration.

\n

As for the World Humanoid Robot Games, Beijing is hosting the event at the National Speed Skating Oval, known as the "Ice Ribbon". A total of 280 teams from 16 countries, featuring over 500 humanoid robots, will compete in 487 events, including running, basketball, dance, martial arts, and industrial material handling.

\n

The "Panda Eye" training base — the world's first professional venue for humanoid robot football — was recently officially unveiled. Guo Yonghao, executive deputy director of the Games' organizing committee, said its semi-transparent design allows precise control of temperature, humidity, and cleanliness.

\n

The base can create a laboratory-level stable competitive environment for robots while allowing natural sunlight, moonlight, and starlight to shine through, he added.

\n

Located on the southwestern side of the "Ice Ribbon", the ROBOLAND camp is expected to become a future hub for the humanoid robot industry. It is designed to promote domestic and international industrial cooperation and exchange, supporting the sustainable development of the robotics sector.

\n

", + "content": "
\n

Visitors interact with an intelligent robot imitating Confucius at the 2025 World Robot Conference in Beijing on Aug 8.

\n

Since robots are a crucial driving force in developing new quality productive forces and shaping an intelligent lifestyle, Beijing has been leveraging its technological and talent strengths to accelerate the development of common technologies, expand application scenarios, build industry exchange platforms, and continuously enhance the supply of essential resources in this field.

\n

As a result, the city's robotics industry ranks among the top in China, Beijing Mayor Yin Yong said at the opening ceremony of the 2025 World Robot Conference.

\n

The event, held from Aug 8 to 12, was jointly hosted by the Chinese Institute of Electronics and the World Robot Cooperation Organization in the Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, also known as Beijing E-Town.

\n

It featured an exhibition area of approximately 50,000 square meters, comprising three main halls focused on innovation, application, and technology.

\n

Over 200 domestic and international robotics companies showcased more than 1,500 exhibits, with over 100 new products making their debut. Among the participants were 50 humanoid robot companies, the highest number among similar exhibitions worldwide.

\n

In the exhibition area of the Beijing Innovation Center of Humanoid Robotics, different models of heterogeneous robots carried out cross-scenario collaborative operations through the coordination of Huisi Kaiwu, the world's first general embodied intelligence platform.

\n

Experts noted that this breaks the traditional barrier of "one machine for one post", marking an evolution from individual intelligence to group intelligence.

\n

Jeff Burnstein, president of the Association for Advancing Automation in the United States, witnessed remarkable changes at this year's conference, one of the most noticeable being the significant increase in international participants. He added that since its inception, the conference has now grown into a truly global event.

\n

Today, the robotics industry is on the verge of large-scale industrialization. The guiding opinions on the innovative development of humanoid robots, released by China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, state that by 2027, the humanoid robot industry is expected to achieve larger-scale growth, with related products deeply integrated into the real economy and becoming an important engine for economic growth.

\n

In response, Beijing aims to build an internationally influential hub for robotics innovation. It will collaborate with Tianjin and Hebei to strategically position key components, promoting the gradual development of high-level, large-scale production capabilities for humanoid robots.

\n

It also plans to establish the first national-level testing and verification platform for humanoid robots, continuously enhance the brand influence of major events such as the World Robot Conference and the World Humanoid Robot Games, and take the lead in setting up specialized robot service institutions to become a global benchmark city for human-robot collaboration.

\n

As for the World Humanoid Robot Games, Beijing is hosting the event at the National Speed Skating Oval, known as the "Ice Ribbon". A total of 280 teams from 16 countries, featuring over 500 humanoid robots, will compete in 487 events, including running, basketball, dance, martial arts, and industrial material handling.

\n

The "Panda Eye" training base — the world's first professional venue for humanoid robot football — was recently officially unveiled. Guo Yonghao, executive deputy director of the Games' organizing committee, said its semi-transparent design allows precise control of temperature, humidity, and cleanliness.

\n

The base can create a laboratory-level stable competitive environment for robots while allowing natural sunlight, moonlight, and starlight to shine through, he added.

\n

Located on the southwestern side of the "Ice Ribbon", the ROBOLAND camp is expected to become a future hub for the humanoid robot industry. It is designed to promote domestic and international industrial cooperation and exchange, supporting the sustainable development of the robotics sector.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_012_689e5353ed50ccabe1517919.htm#012ADVERTORIAL", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "2e988ea2eafc2b801b772bf4b16f3222", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "012ADVERTORIAL - City drives forward development of autonomous vehicle technology", + "description": "

An autonomous car drives through the Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area.

\n

Beijing is taking the lead in advancing autonomous driving technology in China. The city's High-Level Autonomous Driving Demonstration Zone has expanded from just two roads to 60 square kilometers in the Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, also known as Beijing E-Town, and 600 sq km across three districts. This expansion has significantly increased the number of test vehicles, total safe driving mileage, and diversity of scenarios.

\n

In E-Town, driverless minibuses are in operation. On a typical 5-km route, they can identify traffic lights and give way to pedestrians without human control. They can also anticipate and respond to sudden stops by other vehicles and seamlessly interact with various unmanned vehicles, such as passenger cars, delivery vehicles, and patrol cars.

\n

In September 2020, Beijing launched the construction of China's first high-level autopilot zone, providing an urban-level testing platform for this emerging technology. So far, the demonstration zone has implemented eight driving scenarios and attracted 35 autonomous driving enterprises, with cumulative mileage exceeding 38 million km.

\n

Beijing Daxing International Airport and Beijing South Railway Station have also introduced regular autonomous shuttle services, offering travelers a smart, efficient option for catching flights and high-speed trains.

\n

"Following the demonstration zone, Beijing has accelerated the establishment of the country's first intelligent connected vehicle policy pilot zone, accelerating the testing of new technologies, scenarios, products and models," said a spokesperson from the city's autonomous driving office.

\n

As part of Beijing's broader initiative to enhance artificial intelligence capabilities, local autonomous vehicle enterprises are expanding overseas. For instance, Uisee, a leading company in the sector, has deployed driverless buses in six countries and regions, achieving a cumulative driverless mileage of 5.8 million km. The company's buses now operate in over 20 airports worldwide, including Hamad International Airport in Qatar and Changi Airport in Singapore.

\n

Autonomous driving is just one facet of Beijing's ambition to become a leading AI city. At the Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence, researchers are pushing the boundaries of multimodal world models.

\n

"The key for AI to truly evolve to the next stage is transitioning from the digital world to the physical world. We are trying to answer a more cutting-edge and grand proposition: how to make AI truly perceive, understand, and influence the physical world," said Wang Zhongyuan, dean of the academy.

\n

Han Jian, director of the information technology department at the Zhongguancun Science Park Administrative Commission, said the city is committed to fostering original innovation; exploring frontier fields such as embodied intelligence and AI-powered healthcare; and strengthening the technological reserves needed for future industries.

\n

By 2024, the capital was home to more than 2,400 AI enterprises, with a core industrial scale nearing 350 billion yuan ($48.7 billion), accounting for over half of the national total.

\n

In the future, Beijing aims to become a globally influential hub for AI innovation and a new growth engine for the industry, delivering advances that benefit people worldwide, according to local officials.

\n

", + "content": "

An autonomous car drives through the Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area.

\n

Beijing is taking the lead in advancing autonomous driving technology in China. The city's High-Level Autonomous Driving Demonstration Zone has expanded from just two roads to 60 square kilometers in the Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, also known as Beijing E-Town, and 600 sq km across three districts. This expansion has significantly increased the number of test vehicles, total safe driving mileage, and diversity of scenarios.

\n

In E-Town, driverless minibuses are in operation. On a typical 5-km route, they can identify traffic lights and give way to pedestrians without human control. They can also anticipate and respond to sudden stops by other vehicles and seamlessly interact with various unmanned vehicles, such as passenger cars, delivery vehicles, and patrol cars.

\n

In September 2020, Beijing launched the construction of China's first high-level autopilot zone, providing an urban-level testing platform for this emerging technology. So far, the demonstration zone has implemented eight driving scenarios and attracted 35 autonomous driving enterprises, with cumulative mileage exceeding 38 million km.

\n

Beijing Daxing International Airport and Beijing South Railway Station have also introduced regular autonomous shuttle services, offering travelers a smart, efficient option for catching flights and high-speed trains.

\n

"Following the demonstration zone, Beijing has accelerated the establishment of the country's first intelligent connected vehicle policy pilot zone, accelerating the testing of new technologies, scenarios, products and models," said a spokesperson from the city's autonomous driving office.

\n

As part of Beijing's broader initiative to enhance artificial intelligence capabilities, local autonomous vehicle enterprises are expanding overseas. For instance, Uisee, a leading company in the sector, has deployed driverless buses in six countries and regions, achieving a cumulative driverless mileage of 5.8 million km. The company's buses now operate in over 20 airports worldwide, including Hamad International Airport in Qatar and Changi Airport in Singapore.

\n

Autonomous driving is just one facet of Beijing's ambition to become a leading AI city. At the Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence, researchers are pushing the boundaries of multimodal world models.

\n

"The key for AI to truly evolve to the next stage is transitioning from the digital world to the physical world. We are trying to answer a more cutting-edge and grand proposition: how to make AI truly perceive, understand, and influence the physical world," said Wang Zhongyuan, dean of the academy.

\n

Han Jian, director of the information technology department at the Zhongguancun Science Park Administrative Commission, said the city is committed to fostering original innovation; exploring frontier fields such as embodied intelligence and AI-powered healthcare; and strengthening the technological reserves needed for future industries.

\n

By 2024, the capital was home to more than 2,400 AI enterprises, with a core industrial scale nearing 350 billion yuan ($48.7 billion), accounting for over half of the national total.

\n

In the future, Beijing aims to become a globally influential hub for AI innovation and a new growth engine for the industry, delivering advances that benefit people worldwide, according to local officials.

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_012_689e5357ed50ccabe151791a.htm#012ADVERTORIAL", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "109f4105eb9898e7e19687100761d986", + "highlights": [] + }, + { + "title": "013BUSINESS - Space info sector hitting new orbits", + "description": "

A view of the booth of Geovis Technology Co Ltd during an expo in Nanchang, Jiangxi province.

\n

China is accelerating investment in the new and fast-growing space information — or "space computing" — sector which it sees as a future trillion-yuan driver of economic growth, with leading firms joining forces to develop the futuristic technology, which aims to process massive volumes of satellite and aerial data while in orbit.

\n

Geovis Technology Co Ltd, a Chinese geospatial services provider, recently signed a framework agreement with supercomputer manufacturer Sugon to jointly build what they call an "open and inclusive space computing network". The planned network will connect users' devices to satellites, space-based infrastructure and ground platforms, forming a space-ground integrated intelligent computing architecture.

\n

Shao Zongyou, president of Geovis, said in a recent interview with China Daily that computing in space could soon move from concept to reality. "Once the space computing network is completed, it will enhance global internet access capacity and stability, supporting applications such as remote work, telemedicine, online education, emergency communications and rural digital development," Shao said.

\n

The ambition is driven in part by the rapid expansion of satellite constellations and the rising sophistication of payloads.

\n

"With tens of thousands of satellites planned in the coming years and ever-higher payload and resolution demands, massive data — and thus computing needs — will surge," Shao said.

\n

"Transmission methods like microwaves are slower than many home networks, while laser communication is too weather-dependent. The ideal is to compute in space, then send only the processed results back to earth," he added.

\n

The space information sector, which spans navigation, weather forecasting, urban planning and resource exploration, has been developing rapidly under policy support, alongside China's push into the low-altitude economy and commercial spaceflight.

\n

Over the past year, China has introduced a group of policies to stimulate low-altitude industries. These include regulations on unmanned aircraft flight management that took effect in January and a roadmap released in March for upgrading general aviation equipment through 2030.

\n

Wu Yirong, academic dean and researcher at the Aerospace Information Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said: "China's aerospace information industry is integrating into all aspects of social production and everyday life at an unprecedented speed and depth. It is creating enormous economic value and social benefits."

\n

For Geovis, the deal with Sugon marks a strategic shift from its established strengths in digital earth, AI, big data and cloud integration into the more technically demanding realm of space-based computation.

\n

The two companies plan to develop high-performance, low-power high-reliability core components, build a space computing network, and integrate with China's national computing platforms. They will also explore industry standards and work to coordinate an ecosystem of partners.

\n

Shao said the aim is to upgrade the current one-way satellite "data collection service" into a two-way "computing-as-a-service" model. This would allow for in-orbit intelligent processing linked to deep ground-based applications, potentially opening new commercial opportunities in areas such as real-time Earth observation, emergency disaster response and global broadband coverage.

\n

Yet the road ahead is challenging. Shao said that deploying the same computing power in space could cost up to 1,000 times more than on the ground. Moreover, "space weather", including high-energy particles, radiation and temperature extremes, can damage electronic components and degrade performance over time.

\n

Despite these difficulties, Geovis sees space computing as a strategic imperative with long-term returns. "Three to five years may yield no returns," Shao said. "But for national capability and the future of space industries, this must be done."

\n

Deng Maicun, former secretary-general of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said China's role in the field has transformed. "In recent years, China's aerospace information sector has made a remarkable leap from a follower to a front-runner, and in some areas even a leader, becoming a new engine for the development of the digital economy."

\n

chengyu@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "content": "

A view of the booth of Geovis Technology Co Ltd during an expo in Nanchang, Jiangxi province.

\n

China is accelerating investment in the new and fast-growing space information — or "space computing" — sector which it sees as a future trillion-yuan driver of economic growth, with leading firms joining forces to develop the futuristic technology, which aims to process massive volumes of satellite and aerial data while in orbit.

\n

Geovis Technology Co Ltd, a Chinese geospatial services provider, recently signed a framework agreement with supercomputer manufacturer Sugon to jointly build what they call an "open and inclusive space computing network". The planned network will connect users' devices to satellites, space-based infrastructure and ground platforms, forming a space-ground integrated intelligent computing architecture.

\n

Shao Zongyou, president of Geovis, said in a recent interview with China Daily that computing in space could soon move from concept to reality. "Once the space computing network is completed, it will enhance global internet access capacity and stability, supporting applications such as remote work, telemedicine, online education, emergency communications and rural digital development," Shao said.

\n

The ambition is driven in part by the rapid expansion of satellite constellations and the rising sophistication of payloads.

\n

"With tens of thousands of satellites planned in the coming years and ever-higher payload and resolution demands, massive data — and thus computing needs — will surge," Shao said.

\n

"Transmission methods like microwaves are slower than many home networks, while laser communication is too weather-dependent. The ideal is to compute in space, then send only the processed results back to earth," he added.

\n

The space information sector, which spans navigation, weather forecasting, urban planning and resource exploration, has been developing rapidly under policy support, alongside China's push into the low-altitude economy and commercial spaceflight.

\n

Over the past year, China has introduced a group of policies to stimulate low-altitude industries. These include regulations on unmanned aircraft flight management that took effect in January and a roadmap released in March for upgrading general aviation equipment through 2030.

\n

Wu Yirong, academic dean and researcher at the Aerospace Information Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said: "China's aerospace information industry is integrating into all aspects of social production and everyday life at an unprecedented speed and depth. It is creating enormous economic value and social benefits."

\n

For Geovis, the deal with Sugon marks a strategic shift from its established strengths in digital earth, AI, big data and cloud integration into the more technically demanding realm of space-based computation.

\n

The two companies plan to develop high-performance, low-power high-reliability core components, build a space computing network, and integrate with China's national computing platforms. They will also explore industry standards and work to coordinate an ecosystem of partners.

\n

Shao said the aim is to upgrade the current one-way satellite "data collection service" into a two-way "computing-as-a-service" model. This would allow for in-orbit intelligent processing linked to deep ground-based applications, potentially opening new commercial opportunities in areas such as real-time Earth observation, emergency disaster response and global broadband coverage.

\n

Yet the road ahead is challenging. Shao said that deploying the same computing power in space could cost up to 1,000 times more than on the ground. Moreover, "space weather", including high-energy particles, radiation and temperature extremes, can damage electronic components and degrade performance over time.

\n

Despite these difficulties, Geovis sees space computing as a strategic imperative with long-term returns. "Three to five years may yield no returns," Shao said. "But for national capability and the future of space industries, this must be done."

\n

Deng Maicun, former secretary-general of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said China's role in the field has transformed. "In recent years, China's aerospace information sector has made a remarkable leap from a follower to a front-runner, and in some areas even a leader, becoming a new engine for the development of the digital economy."

\n

chengyu@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", + "category": "", + "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_013_689e535bed50ccabe151791b.htm#013BUSINESS", + "creator": "", + "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "", + "folder": "双语", + "feed": "ChinaDaily", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "2f9d1f8675add404e48065afecbf47b9", "highlights": [] }, { @@ -3138,28 +5580,6 @@ "hash": "a8c83903cdc486302c92b57ecea19a24", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "手术时把大脑拿出来还能接回去吗?", - "description": "
\"头图\"/
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可以接回去,但 100%死亡,绝对没有生还的可能,哪怕一秒钟,大脑拿出来的那一刻,人就死亡。(文章最后更新举例 - 面神经修复 100 多年发展史,也算是这 100 多年科技发展的一个)

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大脑的复杂程度,绝对比人类所有科技加起来还要复杂的多,要拿出大脑,就要把脑干分离,而且是横切面直接一刀切断,脑动脉静脉,12 对颅内神经,全部割断。

\n

先不说大大小小的血管能不能接回去,大脑拿出来供血停止 2-5 分钟就会直接脑死亡,就算有技术能让大脑供血正常,有能力把大大小小的血管接回去。 12 对颅内神经,除了运动神经接回去可能还有部分功能,其它感觉神经交感神经切断了就直接功能报废,接回去也没用。

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单就一个面神经,目前只要面神经切断了,把它接回去后只有 50%左右的运动神经纤维能恢复功能,其它混合的交感神经感觉神经无解。

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你看到的是一个大脑拿出来,医生看到的是几十亿几百亿的神经细胞轴突断裂,就算真的有造物主,科技领先人类几百几千万年,也不可能有技术把这些断裂的轴突给接回去。(别杠,杠就是你不懂医学)

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___________

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这是真实的头部血管标本,绿色的是大脑静脉血管,密集程度跟我们的头发差不多。单这些动脉和静脉要全部接回去正常运行,这种技术未来几百年也不一定能实现。更别说更复杂的颅内神经,还有更庞大复杂的脑干中枢。

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\"\"
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________________

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有回答说我们不能预判几百年后的科技,或许几百年后的科技会突破我的想象。

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确实我们不知道几百年后的科技会发展成什么样,但我们知道我们的大脑有多复杂,下面是显微镜下 12 对颅神经中一根神经截面图,一根神经有几万几十万跟神经纤维,一根神经纤维有几万几十万个神经细胞组成,一个神经元单位有几千上万个树突突触和另一个神经元连接在一起。

\n
\"\"
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上图是显微镜下的神经纤维结构

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\"\"
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上图是单个神经细胞,可以看到神经细胞周围很多丝状点物,这些是神经树突和突触,单个神经元单位就有几百几千上万个轴突点。

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试问几百年后科技能进步到把这些轴突毫无误差的给接回去? 能接单个神经轴突,怎么接一个细胞上几千个突触?怎么接一根神经纤维上几十万个神经元?怎么接一根神经上几千上万的纤维?

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目前的科技水平,一个 CPU 断裂后都无法复原,几百年后的科技水平也不一定能把断裂的 CPU 内部结构物理复原。

\n

更别说更加复杂的神经......

\n
\n

评论区很多朋友说未来的纳米机器人,ai 技术突破。

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我们来分析一下纳米机器人可否行。我对机械和动力学是完全小白,但我知道一个能做修复的纳米机器人,需要安装动力系统,需要安装芯片做出指令。

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纳米机器人的动力系统,需要纳米级别更小的动力转换机,这个比制造简单的纳米机器人更加复杂吧?

\n

纳米集成芯片,这个芯片需要有复杂的指令,最少也要有几百万个晶体管吧,这就远远超过过了纳米级别。

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可能有人朋友抖音经常会刷到这个

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\"\"
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看起来是不是很科幻?科技进步到了这个地步,上面的机器人细胞一样大小。现实是........

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\"\"
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它压根儿不是什么机器人,只是一种磁控材料,而且大小是 1 毫米。也就是 1000000 纳米,和纳米机器人没有半毛线关系。

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目前所谓的纳米机器人,只是我们幻想的一个概念,地球上的现有物质不可能制造出达到 1μm(1000 纳米)大小的机器人(有学材料学的大神可以科普一下知识)。这种概念现在被很多营销号大吹特吹,明明是毫米亚毫米都还无法实现的东西,直接套用纳米上去吸引眼球。

\n

毫米级别的真正意义上的机器人未来几百年都不可能实现,比毫米小一百万倍的纳米机器人未来需要多久可以实现????

\n
\n

更新一下:

\n

没想到这随口回答一个问题,这么多人评论。

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评论里好多朋友说修复大脑困难,转移人脑记忆和意识更有可能实现。

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人脑的运行逻辑,远比把大脑接回去更加复杂,大脑会思考问题,有自我意识,会自我学习进步变得更加聪明。

\n

目前我们人类的现有知识,根本就理解不了大脑自我意识的运行逻辑是什么。等未来我们的知识能够解读这种自我意识的逻辑,那我们就是所谓的造物主了,直接把这套逻辑写进一个机器人芯片上,这个机器人就是硅基生命。这完全就会颠覆生物里念,我们这身脆弱不堪的肉体狗都会嫌弃了......

\n

拥有硅基生命体,独自一人遨游银河系都不是梦,不死不灭,永存不朽!

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醒醒..... 这是不可能的啦,如果人的大脑能进步到了解大脑本身运行的逻辑,那就等于电脑能理自己是人类发明的工具,知道人类怎么给自己的芯片编程指挥自己干活,那分分钟就会出现无数个奥创把人类灭的干干净净!

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\n

7.1 号更新一下评论区得质疑:

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很多人评论说未来科技,说我这些话是锁死了科技的发展,拿比喻说几百年前的人类都幻想不到现在的科技水平,所以未来的科技也是我们想象不到的存在。

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未来科技会发展更好,而且能超出我们的想象空间,这个是肯定的。

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那为啥我就这么肯定大脑拿出来后修复不回去呢?

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修复回去必须要保持原有的生物正常功能,否则就是和题目不相关的话题了。

\n

对于大脑和脑干修复回去的难点有一些是科技不可能做到,有以下几点:

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第一: 脑干和大脑分离,分离切口平面位置,最少有几十亿数量级的神经元破坏,切口也不可能全部平整到细胞结构整齐一致,一刀下去刀刃的位置带走的神经元可能都是几亿数量。断口处神经元本身就没有可以正确的对着点了。

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第二: 神经元再生能力很低,缺血后很快会病理变性,未来可能要发出大脑供血系统,但近端刀口位置的神经元全部要供血正常这点是不可能实现的,哪怕未来也没有技术能让每个神经元供血都正常,这就肯定会让断口平面层神经细胞大量死亡。(除非未来有毫秒级别的无损冷冻技术,把所有神经元冷冻不让它坏死,然后还要有解冻技术恢复神经细胞活性),才能做下一步修复。这种技术在可期的未来几百年也不一定能实现。

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第三: 修复断裂神经轴突后,如何复原原来的电生理特性和化学介质系统? 目前人类的认知里还不能理解神经元的电生理特性的运行逻辑,化学介质传导系统的工作原理是什么?这些生物进化而来的特性目前为止我们根本无法理解。更别说去恢复这些细胞的特性功能。

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第四: 必须研发出引导数亿级别轴突精准再生并且精准寻找对应靶点的技术,中枢神经的轴突断裂后会自行退变,中枢神经上有抑制再生的分子 Nogo 蛋白、胶质瘢痕。 这些问题怎么解决?能解决中枢神经轴突新生问题?那就是颠覆了生物进化规律。

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第五: 怎么绘制这么庞大群体的神经元运行规律,细胞庞大数量的树突和突触生长轨迹控制,这都涉及到基因构架,材料建构,超智能纳米机器人分布,等等概念科技。随便拿一种出来,就不是说能突破就能突破的技术,现阶段它们还只处于人类的概念科学中。

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这些问题,随便解决一个,都是颠覆现有科技的存在。

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大脑的复杂程度,远比我们想象的要复杂的多的多,要修复切断的大脑,需要的知识量可能超过大脑本身能接受的知识量。根本就不可能实现的东西。 能修复大脑,本身就是完全对生命和意识的掌控,已经超出了科学,上升到了其它的维度了。

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评论区一些看是很科学的言论,真的跟中医思维一样: 中医是博大精深的,现在的人不能够理解中医庞大的宇宙观,等以后科学进步了,上升到神学了,就能理解中医。 对科学的态度完全脱离了基本逻辑,理所当然的认为它就是无所不能

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\n

7 月 11 号更新一下评论区比较多的话题:

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几百年后的医疗技术能不能接神经?

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目前的医学技术,对于颅内神经,只开展了面神经吻合手术,其它 11 对颅内神经接回去也没有用。

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那么这个面神经吻合手术是怎么做的呢?它不是接脑干里面的面神经段,而是接出脑干段的面神经,端端吻合是这样的

\n
\"\"
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就是用线把神经缝合回去,这种技术发展了多少年可能大家不知道。1873 年,德国外科医生 Albert von Mosetig-Moorhof 开展了第一次面神经吻合手术,到现在 2025 年时间,152 年的时间里,面神经吻合手术还是一样用线缝合,没有任何技术层面的改进,做不到吻合一束神经纤维,更别说吻合神经元的轴突。

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152 年前到现在算是科技大爆发年代,但生物学上对人体器官的修复还是原始的线接。 现在科技的发展已经放慢脚步了,除非有颠覆性的新物理理论框架出现,否则很难像 152 年前到现在这种飞跃试的科技爆发,那神经修复技术只会更加难以发展。

\n

面神经是运动神经为主的混合神经,现有的修复技术也只是用线缝合起来,它的运动神经纤维有一半运气好的能长到对应的远端纤维上,能恢复 50%左右的运动功能(运气差的只能恢复 20-30%左右,面神经吻合手术不理想的占比很多),其它纤维支配的味觉,腺体是不可能恢复的,哪怕纤维长对了,生物功能也会破坏。(不信可以去看面瘫病人做神经吻合手术,味觉和脸部腺体功能都没有)

\n

这就是大脑修复中,最容易修复好的面神经,发展了 152 年修复技术,还是处于原始线接,就算再过 152 年后,谁敢说技术能发展到接面神经的运动纤维???? 304 年后能发展到接运动神经纤维里面的神经元轴突????

\n

面神经里面还有更复杂的感觉纤维和交感纤维,要把这两种纤维接回去实现功能恢复,谁敢说 1000 年能实现?

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其它 11 对颅内神经比面神经更加复杂,需要多少年能实现把它们完好的接回去?

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最后更加复杂的脑干怎么接?

\n

有很多评论说换个思维去想,物理接法实现不了,可以发展生物技术控制细胞轴突长到对应点的位置来实现。听到这话真无语了,你们是真的科幻电影看多了?

\n

先不说人类能不能发展出制造轴突索道这种逆天技术,就说控制轴突生长方向,微观世界里,血液的流通和细胞分化带来的流体动能,就能让细胞轴突树突摇摆不定,没有机械动能来推动是不可能按照我们的想法去生长在固定位置。细胞不是晶体管,不是固定在晶片上的。何况是让几十亿几百亿个轴突同时按照我们的想法去生长。在微观的世界里就好比要控制几十亿几百亿的人在 12 级台风面前跑去几百米的固定位子上去。

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而且大部分提出这种想法的人都不知道,轴突生长是非常缓慢的,是按月计算,不是按小时计算。但大脑修复手术不可能修复一个月吧?最多也就是一两天,超过这个时间暴露刀口面的细胞会大片坏死。

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所以除非能人工制造神经细胞轴突索道,而且是同时在几十亿几百亿的细胞上同时制造出来,还要有机械动能能控制流体力带来的冲击,必须要精准的控制到每个细胞上,否则无法对接上。

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解决以上理论,才有可能实现接大脑。 然后接下来需要解决更加复杂的问题,如何激活这些修复好的细胞功能:(电信号转换成化学介质)

\n

学过生物学的大佬应该知道这其中的转换过程是有多复杂(大家自己可以去查一查),激活不了细胞的转换和传递功能,接回去也是没用。

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可以接回去,但 100%死亡,绝对没有生还的可能,哪怕一秒钟,大脑拿出来的那一刻,人就死亡。(文章最后更新举例 - 面神经修复 100 多年发展史,也算是这 100 多年科技发展的一个)

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大脑的复杂程度,绝对比人类所有科技加起来还要复杂的多,要拿出大脑,就要把脑干分离,而且是横切面直接一刀切断,脑动脉静脉,12 对颅内神经,全部割断。

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先不说大大小小的血管能不能接回去,大脑拿出来供血停止 2-5 分钟就会直接脑死亡,就算有技术能让大脑供血正常,有能力把大大小小的血管接回去。 12 对颅内神经,除了运动神经接回去可能还有部分功能,其它感觉神经交感神经切断了就直接功能报废,接回去也没用。

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单就一个面神经,目前只要面神经切断了,把它接回去后只有 50%左右的运动神经纤维能恢复功能,其它混合的交感神经感觉神经无解。

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你看到的是一个大脑拿出来,医生看到的是几十亿几百亿的神经细胞轴突断裂,就算真的有造物主,科技领先人类几百几千万年,也不可能有技术把这些断裂的轴突给接回去。(别杠,杠就是你不懂医学)

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___________

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这是真实的头部血管标本,绿色的是大脑静脉血管,密集程度跟我们的头发差不多。单这些动脉和静脉要全部接回去正常运行,这种技术未来几百年也不一定能实现。更别说更复杂的颅内神经,还有更庞大复杂的脑干中枢。

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________________

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有回答说我们不能预判几百年后的科技,或许几百年后的科技会突破我的想象。

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确实我们不知道几百年后的科技会发展成什么样,但我们知道我们的大脑有多复杂,下面是显微镜下 12 对颅神经中一根神经截面图,一根神经有几万几十万跟神经纤维,一根神经纤维有几万几十万个神经细胞组成,一个神经元单位有几千上万个树突突触和另一个神经元连接在一起。

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上图是显微镜下的神经纤维结构

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上图是单个神经细胞,可以看到神经细胞周围很多丝状点物,这些是神经树突和突触,单个神经元单位就有几百几千上万个轴突点。

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试问几百年后科技能进步到把这些轴突毫无误差的给接回去? 能接单个神经轴突,怎么接一个细胞上几千个突触?怎么接一根神经纤维上几十万个神经元?怎么接一根神经上几千上万的纤维?

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目前的科技水平,一个 CPU 断裂后都无法复原,几百年后的科技水平也不一定能把断裂的 CPU 内部结构物理复原。

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更别说更加复杂的神经......

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评论区很多朋友说未来的纳米机器人,ai 技术突破。

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我们来分析一下纳米机器人可否行。我对机械和动力学是完全小白,但我知道一个能做修复的纳米机器人,需要安装动力系统,需要安装芯片做出指令。

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纳米机器人的动力系统,需要纳米级别更小的动力转换机,这个比制造简单的纳米机器人更加复杂吧?

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纳米集成芯片,这个芯片需要有复杂的指令,最少也要有几百万个晶体管吧,这就远远超过过了纳米级别。

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可能有人朋友抖音经常会刷到这个

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看起来是不是很科幻?科技进步到了这个地步,上面的机器人细胞一样大小。现实是........

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它压根儿不是什么机器人,只是一种磁控材料,而且大小是 1 毫米。也就是 1000000 纳米,和纳米机器人没有半毛线关系。

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目前所谓的纳米机器人,只是我们幻想的一个概念,地球上的现有物质不可能制造出达到 1μm(1000 纳米)大小的机器人(有学材料学的大神可以科普一下知识)。这种概念现在被很多营销号大吹特吹,明明是毫米亚毫米都还无法实现的东西,直接套用纳米上去吸引眼球。

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毫米级别的真正意义上的机器人未来几百年都不可能实现,比毫米小一百万倍的纳米机器人未来需要多久可以实现????

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更新一下:

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没想到这随口回答一个问题,这么多人评论。

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评论里好多朋友说修复大脑困难,转移人脑记忆和意识更有可能实现。

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人脑的运行逻辑,远比把大脑接回去更加复杂,大脑会思考问题,有自我意识,会自我学习进步变得更加聪明。

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目前我们人类的现有知识,根本就理解不了大脑自我意识的运行逻辑是什么。等未来我们的知识能够解读这种自我意识的逻辑,那我们就是所谓的造物主了,直接把这套逻辑写进一个机器人芯片上,这个机器人就是硅基生命。这完全就会颠覆生物里念,我们这身脆弱不堪的肉体狗都会嫌弃了......

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拥有硅基生命体,独自一人遨游银河系都不是梦,不死不灭,永存不朽!

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醒醒..... 这是不可能的啦,如果人的大脑能进步到了解大脑本身运行的逻辑,那就等于电脑能理自己是人类发明的工具,知道人类怎么给自己的芯片编程指挥自己干活,那分分钟就会出现无数个奥创把人类灭的干干净净!

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7.1 号更新一下评论区得质疑:

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很多人评论说未来科技,说我这些话是锁死了科技的发展,拿比喻说几百年前的人类都幻想不到现在的科技水平,所以未来的科技也是我们想象不到的存在。

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未来科技会发展更好,而且能超出我们的想象空间,这个是肯定的。

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那为啥我就这么肯定大脑拿出来后修复不回去呢?

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修复回去必须要保持原有的生物正常功能,否则就是和题目不相关的话题了。

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对于大脑和脑干修复回去的难点有一些是科技不可能做到,有以下几点:

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第一: 脑干和大脑分离,分离切口平面位置,最少有几十亿数量级的神经元破坏,切口也不可能全部平整到细胞结构整齐一致,一刀下去刀刃的位置带走的神经元可能都是几亿数量。断口处神经元本身就没有可以正确的对着点了。

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第二: 神经元再生能力很低,缺血后很快会病理变性,未来可能要发出大脑供血系统,但近端刀口位置的神经元全部要供血正常这点是不可能实现的,哪怕未来也没有技术能让每个神经元供血都正常,这就肯定会让断口平面层神经细胞大量死亡。(除非未来有毫秒级别的无损冷冻技术,把所有神经元冷冻不让它坏死,然后还要有解冻技术恢复神经细胞活性),才能做下一步修复。这种技术在可期的未来几百年也不一定能实现。

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第三: 修复断裂神经轴突后,如何复原原来的电生理特性和化学介质系统? 目前人类的认知里还不能理解神经元的电生理特性的运行逻辑,化学介质传导系统的工作原理是什么?这些生物进化而来的特性目前为止我们根本无法理解。更别说去恢复这些细胞的特性功能。

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第四: 必须研发出引导数亿级别轴突精准再生并且精准寻找对应靶点的技术,中枢神经的轴突断裂后会自行退变,中枢神经上有抑制再生的分子 Nogo 蛋白、胶质瘢痕。 这些问题怎么解决?能解决中枢神经轴突新生问题?那就是颠覆了生物进化规律。

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第五: 怎么绘制这么庞大群体的神经元运行规律,细胞庞大数量的树突和突触生长轨迹控制,这都涉及到基因构架,材料建构,超智能纳米机器人分布,等等概念科技。随便拿一种出来,就不是说能突破就能突破的技术,现阶段它们还只处于人类的概念科学中。

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这些问题,随便解决一个,都是颠覆现有科技的存在。

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大脑的复杂程度,远比我们想象的要复杂的多的多,要修复切断的大脑,需要的知识量可能超过大脑本身能接受的知识量。根本就不可能实现的东西。 能修复大脑,本身就是完全对生命和意识的掌控,已经超出了科学,上升到了其它的维度了。

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评论区一些看是很科学的言论,真的跟中医思维一样: 中医是博大精深的,现在的人不能够理解中医庞大的宇宙观,等以后科学进步了,上升到神学了,就能理解中医。 对科学的态度完全脱离了基本逻辑,理所当然的认为它就是无所不能

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7 月 11 号更新一下评论区比较多的话题:

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几百年后的医疗技术能不能接神经?

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目前的医学技术,对于颅内神经,只开展了面神经吻合手术,其它 11 对颅内神经接回去也没有用。

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那么这个面神经吻合手术是怎么做的呢?它不是接脑干里面的面神经段,而是接出脑干段的面神经,端端吻合是这样的

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就是用线把神经缝合回去,这种技术发展了多少年可能大家不知道。1873 年,德国外科医生 Albert von Mosetig-Moorhof 开展了第一次面神经吻合手术,到现在 2025 年时间,152 年的时间里,面神经吻合手术还是一样用线缝合,没有任何技术层面的改进,做不到吻合一束神经纤维,更别说吻合神经元的轴突。

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152 年前到现在算是科技大爆发年代,但生物学上对人体器官的修复还是原始的线接。 现在科技的发展已经放慢脚步了,除非有颠覆性的新物理理论框架出现,否则很难像 152 年前到现在这种飞跃试的科技爆发,那神经修复技术只会更加难以发展。

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面神经是运动神经为主的混合神经,现有的修复技术也只是用线缝合起来,它的运动神经纤维有一半运气好的能长到对应的远端纤维上,能恢复 50%左右的运动功能(运气差的只能恢复 20-30%左右,面神经吻合手术不理想的占比很多),其它纤维支配的味觉,腺体是不可能恢复的,哪怕纤维长对了,生物功能也会破坏。(不信可以去看面瘫病人做神经吻合手术,味觉和脸部腺体功能都没有)

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这就是大脑修复中,最容易修复好的面神经,发展了 152 年修复技术,还是处于原始线接,就算再过 152 年后,谁敢说技术能发展到接面神经的运动纤维???? 304 年后能发展到接运动神经纤维里面的神经元轴突????

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面神经里面还有更复杂的感觉纤维和交感纤维,要把这两种纤维接回去实现功能恢复,谁敢说 1000 年能实现?

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其它 11 对颅内神经比面神经更加复杂,需要多少年能实现把它们完好的接回去?

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最后更加复杂的脑干怎么接?

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有很多评论说换个思维去想,物理接法实现不了,可以发展生物技术控制细胞轴突长到对应点的位置来实现。听到这话真无语了,你们是真的科幻电影看多了?

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先不说人类能不能发展出制造轴突索道这种逆天技术,就说控制轴突生长方向,微观世界里,血液的流通和细胞分化带来的流体动能,就能让细胞轴突树突摇摆不定,没有机械动能来推动是不可能按照我们的想法去生长在固定位置。细胞不是晶体管,不是固定在晶片上的。何况是让几十亿几百亿个轴突同时按照我们的想法去生长。在微观的世界里就好比要控制几十亿几百亿的人在 12 级台风面前跑去几百米的固定位子上去。

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而且大部分提出这种想法的人都不知道,轴突生长是非常缓慢的,是按月计算,不是按小时计算。但大脑修复手术不可能修复一个月吧?最多也就是一两天,超过这个时间暴露刀口面的细胞会大片坏死。

\n

所以除非能人工制造神经细胞轴突索道,而且是同时在几十亿几百亿的细胞上同时制造出来,还要有机械动能能控制流体力带来的冲击,必须要精准的控制到每个细胞上,否则无法对接上。

\n

解决以上理论,才有可能实现接大脑。 然后接下来需要解决更加复杂的问题,如何激活这些修复好的细胞功能:(电信号转换成化学介质)

\n

学过生物学的大佬应该知道这其中的转换过程是有多复杂(大家自己可以去查一查),激活不了细胞的转换和传递功能,接回去也是没用。

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\n\n\n\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783228", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Wed, 13 Aug 2025 00:27:03 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "资讯", - "feed": "知乎", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "0639fd1f3cea8a2e182531ef10d937dd", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "为什么馒头蒸好后表面会有一层皮?", "description": "
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图源于网络
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说到馒头皮的形成,就不得不先聊聊馒头的发酵过程。发酵时,面粉与酵母、水混合后,酵母在面团中开始活动。开始的时候氧气充足,酵母会快速繁殖并释放大量的二氧化碳。随着氧气被消耗殆尽,酵母进入厌氧发酵阶段,继续产生少量的二氧化碳和酒精。

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随着发酵的进行,气体在面团中形成气泡,导致面团膨胀。馒头表面的气泡壁会随着气泡的膨胀变得越来越薄,直到破裂。破裂后的气泡壁在表面张力的作用下重新融合,形成一层均匀的表皮,这就是馒头的原始表皮。

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在这层表皮的形成过程中,温度和水蒸汽起到了至关重要的作用。蒸馒头的时候,热量是从外向内传递,面团表皮会最先接触热量,其中的蛋白质和淀粉会首先发生变形或糊化,形成一种具有一定强度的凝胶网络结构(即馒头皮)。这一过程使表皮变得坚韧且光滑,能够有效地防止内部气体的快速逸出,并帮助馒头继续膨胀。

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参考资料:

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  1. 馒头、面包为什么会有“皮”?
  2. \n
  3. F.M. Vanin, T. Lucas, G. Trystram,Crust formation and its role during bread baking, Trends in Food Science & Technology, Volume 20, Issue 8,2009, Pages 333-343,ISSN 0924-2244.
  4. \n
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by Sid

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\n\n\n\n", @@ -3182,28 +5602,6 @@ "hash": "962c8d62f9c84d12b6d6b0d96bcbf655", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "法国科学家宣布发现一种全新血型,称为「瓜德阴性」,这一发现意味着什么?这种血型有哪些特别之处?", - "description": "
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看了下大家的评论…确实解释基因和血型这个挺抽象的,我把不好理解的部分放在最后了,感兴趣的可以往后边看。

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瓜德罗普在法语里常被昵称为 Gwada,而“negative”意味着缺少该系统的主要抗原。因此英文媒体普遍称 “Gwada-negative”,中文媒体翻译成了瓜德阴性。

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其实从某种角度来说,这种稀有血型,我们也可以把她理解为是一种罕见的基因突变的疾病患者。

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这个女性体内,两个 PIGZ 等位基因都发生了突变,这种突变是非常罕见的,而且还能罕见的凑成了纯合子,这也意味着她的父母同时携带有这个罕见的突变基因的隐形携带者,在她这里凑成了一对。

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这么凑巧的事情发生概率是很低的,但这里要引入一个有趣的概念,叫做奠基者效应。

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奠基者效应(英语:founder effect,亦称为始创者效应、建立者效应、拓荒者效应、创始者效应或始祖效应)是加速族群遗传漂变作用的一种形式,指由带有亲代群体中部分等位基因的少数个体重新建立新的群体,这个群体后来的数量虽然会增加,但因未与其他生物群体交配繁殖,彼此之间基因的差异性甚小。这种情形一般发生人口少、人口流动也小的地区,例如于对外隔绝的海岛,较为封闭的新开辟村落,或是严格实行内婚制的宗教团体等。

\n

而瓜德罗普这个地方就是一个海岛,族群很小,人口只有约 38 万,也就是说在这种环境下,隐性致缺型等位基因在代际随机漂变里保留下来,并在极低概率下实现纯合,才出现了这个第 48 种血型。

\n

所以说,这个血型,也可以理解为是一个罕见的基因突变导致的分子缺陷,它的临床意义主要是体现在输血安全和新生儿溶血病防控这个方面。

\n

那为什么,国际输血协会(ISBT)会给这个单一患者单开一页呢?

\n

因为,哪怕全世界目前只有 1 例,也要把系统编号、分子位点、血清学表型一次讲清楚。这既是救命需求,也是研究免疫耐受、GPI- 锚缺陷性疾病的意外切口。

\n

而且有了这个以后,法国血液署(EFS)正在全球寻找这种可能存在的血型人群,其中目的之一就是为潜在同型患者建立微型冻存血库,以后用血的时候有一个小型的互助库。

\n

我们平时接触最多的 ABO / Rh 系统,确实覆盖了绝大多数输血需求,而我们现在临床在测血型的以后往往还会加上 Kell、Duffy 等 多个系统,但这些仍然是冰山一角。

\n

大家可能不知道,人类已知的红细胞抗原已经有几百种,而 ISBT 编号血型系统,算上这次的这个,已有 48 个。随着二代测序技术越来越普及,我们正不断捞出更多未被命名的分子抗原,也就有可能会发现更多的血型。

\n
\n

最后我稍微解释下这个 PIGZ 的基因突变,大家觉得难以理解的可以跳过这个部分。

\n

PIGZ 基因编码定位在内质网的蛋白质,参与 GPI 锚定生物合成,为研究 GPI 锚定组装过程中的关键基因。糖基磷酯酰肌醇(GPI)锚定是一种在许多血细胞上发现的糖脂,用于将蛋白质锚定到细胞表面。这个基因编码一个定位在内质网上的蛋白质,并参与 GPI 锚定的生物合成。这个蛋白质也可以在 GPI 锚定的组装过程中向 GPI 前体添加侧枝的第四个甘露糖。

\n

或者简单点说(其实也不简单了),PIGZ 是内质网上的一台糖拼装机:它把第 4 颗甘露糖(Man4)按 α-1,2 键黏到 GPI 锚前体的侧枝上;如果 GPI 前体缺了 Man4,就少了一段侧链修饰位点。我们发现,大多数 GPI- 锚定蛋白并不依赖 Man4,也就是说,这个突变并不会直接致死。

\n

但关键在于:这个缺了一颗糖的状态,在免疫学上是有辨识度的——它造就了一个别人有、她没有的抗原表型,血清学检测中就成了一种全新的血型。

\n

如果她将来需要输血,而血库只按常规的 ABO/Rh 配型,误输入了带有这枚 Gwada 抗原的红细胞,那么她的免疫系统可能会认为这是异物,就会激发免疫系统产生抗体,后续就可能发生典型的溶血反应。同样,若她怀孕,胎儿从父系遗传了正常 PIGZ 基因,也可能激发新生儿溶血病。

\n
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查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", - "content": "
\"头图\"/
\n

看了下大家的评论…确实解释基因和血型这个挺抽象的,我把不好理解的部分放在最后了,感兴趣的可以往后边看。

\n
\n

瓜德罗普在法语里常被昵称为 Gwada,而“negative”意味着缺少该系统的主要抗原。因此英文媒体普遍称 “Gwada-negative”,中文媒体翻译成了瓜德阴性。

\n

其实从某种角度来说,这种稀有血型,我们也可以把她理解为是一种罕见的基因突变的疾病患者。

\n

这个女性体内,两个 PIGZ 等位基因都发生了突变,这种突变是非常罕见的,而且还能罕见的凑成了纯合子,这也意味着她的父母同时携带有这个罕见的突变基因的隐形携带者,在她这里凑成了一对。

\n

这么凑巧的事情发生概率是很低的,但这里要引入一个有趣的概念,叫做奠基者效应。

\n

奠基者效应(英语:founder effect,亦称为始创者效应、建立者效应、拓荒者效应、创始者效应或始祖效应)是加速族群遗传漂变作用的一种形式,指由带有亲代群体中部分等位基因的少数个体重新建立新的群体,这个群体后来的数量虽然会增加,但因未与其他生物群体交配繁殖,彼此之间基因的差异性甚小。这种情形一般发生人口少、人口流动也小的地区,例如于对外隔绝的海岛,较为封闭的新开辟村落,或是严格实行内婚制的宗教团体等。

\n

而瓜德罗普这个地方就是一个海岛,族群很小,人口只有约 38 万,也就是说在这种环境下,隐性致缺型等位基因在代际随机漂变里保留下来,并在极低概率下实现纯合,才出现了这个第 48 种血型。

\n

所以说,这个血型,也可以理解为是一个罕见的基因突变导致的分子缺陷,它的临床意义主要是体现在输血安全和新生儿溶血病防控这个方面。

\n

那为什么,国际输血协会(ISBT)会给这个单一患者单开一页呢?

\n

因为,哪怕全世界目前只有 1 例,也要把系统编号、分子位点、血清学表型一次讲清楚。这既是救命需求,也是研究免疫耐受、GPI- 锚缺陷性疾病的意外切口。

\n

而且有了这个以后,法国血液署(EFS)正在全球寻找这种可能存在的血型人群,其中目的之一就是为潜在同型患者建立微型冻存血库,以后用血的时候有一个小型的互助库。

\n

我们平时接触最多的 ABO / Rh 系统,确实覆盖了绝大多数输血需求,而我们现在临床在测血型的以后往往还会加上 Kell、Duffy 等 多个系统,但这些仍然是冰山一角。

\n

大家可能不知道,人类已知的红细胞抗原已经有几百种,而 ISBT 编号血型系统,算上这次的这个,已有 48 个。随着二代测序技术越来越普及,我们正不断捞出更多未被命名的分子抗原,也就有可能会发现更多的血型。

\n
\n

最后我稍微解释下这个 PIGZ 的基因突变,大家觉得难以理解的可以跳过这个部分。

\n

PIGZ 基因编码定位在内质网的蛋白质,参与 GPI 锚定生物合成,为研究 GPI 锚定组装过程中的关键基因。糖基磷酯酰肌醇(GPI)锚定是一种在许多血细胞上发现的糖脂,用于将蛋白质锚定到细胞表面。这个基因编码一个定位在内质网上的蛋白质,并参与 GPI 锚定的生物合成。这个蛋白质也可以在 GPI 锚定的组装过程中向 GPI 前体添加侧枝的第四个甘露糖。

\n

或者简单点说(其实也不简单了),PIGZ 是内质网上的一台糖拼装机:它把第 4 颗甘露糖(Man4)按 α-1,2 键黏到 GPI 锚前体的侧枝上;如果 GPI 前体缺了 Man4,就少了一段侧链修饰位点。我们发现,大多数 GPI- 锚定蛋白并不依赖 Man4,也就是说,这个突变并不会直接致死。

\n

但关键在于:这个缺了一颗糖的状态,在免疫学上是有辨识度的——它造就了一个别人有、她没有的抗原表型,血清学检测中就成了一种全新的血型。

\n

如果她将来需要输血,而血库只按常规的 ABO/Rh 配型,误输入了带有这枚 Gwada 抗原的红细胞,那么她的免疫系统可能会认为这是异物,就会激发免疫系统产生抗体,后续就可能发生典型的溶血反应。同样,若她怀孕,胎儿从父系遗传了正常 PIGZ 基因,也可能激发新生儿溶血病。

\n
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\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783167", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Mon, 11 Aug 2025 00:27:03 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "资讯", - "feed": "知乎", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "d4702d4156e8f55c4a39ef54bafc7dc8", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "强烈推荐!248页《python编程从入门到实践》完整版,PDF开放下载", "description": "强烈推荐!248页《python编程从入门到实践》完整版,PDF开放下载", @@ -4185,28 +6583,6 @@ "image": "http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/Cibq2rFYLAaFkMxiccLjtib3HibLwnBiaw2wayC2qpwKSibe1vTprpMoNT0hTDyMoJlnOWyfbiaLw1MgNIgMcJ3ibWVa7w/0?wx_fmt=png", "description": "", "items": [ - { - "title": "001FRONT - China rolls out new visa type for young science talent", - "description": "

China announced on Thursday that it will introduce a new type of visa — a K visa — for young foreign talent in science and technology.

\n

The new visa type was unveiled after Premier Li Qiang signed a State Council decree to promulgate a decision amending the country's regulations on the administration of foreigners' entries and exits.

\n

The decision came as China puts a greater emphasis on building a more proactive, open and effective talent policy.

\n

The K visa is a new addition to the ordinary visa categories and the new rules will take effect on Oct 1, according to the decision, which was drafted by the Ministry of Justice, along with the Foreign Ministry, the Ministry of Public Security and the National Immigration Administration.

\n

Applicants for the K visa should be young international professionals in the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics who have earned a bachelor's degree or higher from prestigious universities or research institutions.

\n

In addition, it will be available to individuals involved in educational or research activities at prestigious universities or research institutions, according to a joint statement released by the four departments on Thursday night.

\n

K visa holders are permitted to engage in activities in fields such as education, science and technology, and cultural exchanges, according to the joint statement.

\n

Before this addition, there were 12 visa types classified based on the purposes of visiting China, including the L visa for sightseeing and tourism, the D visa for permanent residence and the G visa for transit through the country.

\n

Compared with other visa types, the K visa will offer holders more convenience in terms of the number of entries, validity period and duration of stay. The eligibility criteria for the K visa are set based on applicants' age, educational background and work experience, without requiring them to have an employer or inviting organization within China, according to the statement.

\n

The application process for this visa is designed to be more convenient, streamlining the steps for eligible applicants, it added.

\n

The Foreign Ministry and the Ministry of Public Security, along with embassies and consulates abroad, will step up collaboration in management of the issuance, extension, renewal and replacement of K visas, as well as the residence and stay of K visa holders. They will provide appropriate assistance to applicants and holders of K visas in accordance with the law, the statement said.

\n

jihaisheng@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "content": "

China announced on Thursday that it will introduce a new type of visa — a K visa — for young foreign talent in science and technology.

\n

The new visa type was unveiled after Premier Li Qiang signed a State Council decree to promulgate a decision amending the country's regulations on the administration of foreigners' entries and exits.

\n

The decision came as China puts a greater emphasis on building a more proactive, open and effective talent policy.

\n

The K visa is a new addition to the ordinary visa categories and the new rules will take effect on Oct 1, according to the decision, which was drafted by the Ministry of Justice, along with the Foreign Ministry, the Ministry of Public Security and the National Immigration Administration.

\n

Applicants for the K visa should be young international professionals in the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics who have earned a bachelor's degree or higher from prestigious universities or research institutions.

\n

In addition, it will be available to individuals involved in educational or research activities at prestigious universities or research institutions, according to a joint statement released by the four departments on Thursday night.

\n

K visa holders are permitted to engage in activities in fields such as education, science and technology, and cultural exchanges, according to the joint statement.

\n

Before this addition, there were 12 visa types classified based on the purposes of visiting China, including the L visa for sightseeing and tourism, the D visa for permanent residence and the G visa for transit through the country.

\n

Compared with other visa types, the K visa will offer holders more convenience in terms of the number of entries, validity period and duration of stay. The eligibility criteria for the K visa are set based on applicants' age, educational background and work experience, without requiring them to have an employer or inviting organization within China, according to the statement.

\n

The application process for this visa is designed to be more convenient, streamlining the steps for eligible applicants, it added.

\n

The Foreign Ministry and the Ministry of Public Security, along with embassies and consulates abroad, will step up collaboration in management of the issuance, extension, renewal and replacement of K visas, as well as the residence and stay of K visa holders. They will provide appropriate assistance to applicants and holders of K visas in accordance with the law, the statement said.

\n

jihaisheng@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_001_689e52abed50ccabe15178ef.htm#001FRONT", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "4980dfab77f096bf333a5f6cdd4a0e11", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "004CHINA - United in spirit", "description": "

Visitors explore a memorial exhibition on the contribution of overseas Chinese in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and World Anti-Fascist War, themed "united across vast distances", at the Overseas Chinese History Museum of China in Beijing on Thursday.

\n

", @@ -4229,28 +6605,6 @@ "hash": "2c20c79ffa237e15b3e719cfe9092a38", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "004CHINA - Galloping glory", - "description": "

A performer showcases equestrian skills at the opening ceremony of the 16th Gesar Horse Racing Festival in Maqu county, Gannan Tibetan autonomous prefecture, Gansu province, on Wednesday.

\n

", - "content": "

A performer showcases equestrian skills at the opening ceremony of the 16th Gesar Horse Racing Festival in Maqu county, Gannan Tibetan autonomous prefecture, Gansu province, on Wednesday.

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_004_689e52daed50ccabe15178fd.htm#004CHINA", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "acde978fe218b2e47f2f57661afd1c67", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "005CHINA - Retailers tout robots at innovative tech festival", "description": "
\n

As the doors swing open at Beijing's new robot-themed restaurant, diners are greeted by humanoid workers who nod and speak in lifelike gestures, while robotic servers glide between tables delivering dishes and a robot band plays drums and guitars, turning a dining experience into a futuristic spectacle.

\n

"The restaurant gives me a fresh sense of technology. It's quite an amazing attempt," said Ding Wenjun, a tourist from Jiangxi province.

\n

Sun Ling, head of the Robot Restaurant, said, "It is not only an immersive dining place integrating cuisine, culture and technology, but also provides a scenario for robot application and data collection."

\n

The tech-savvy restaurant is participating in the E-Town Robot Consumption Festival, running from Aug 2 to Sunday. The event was organized by the administrative committee of the Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, also known as Beijing E-Town.

\n

Making its debut at the festival is the Robot Mall, a 4,000-square-meter "robot 4S" store. It features more than 50 products across medical, industrial and companion robotics.

\n

For example, the Galbot G1, a wheeled-chassis humanoid robot, can retrieve medications from shelves and deliver them directly to patients.

\n

"It can automatically dispense and distribute medications, alleviating the heavy workload of nurses and reducing the risk of human error," said Meng Yanpei, a manager at the mall. "In pharmacies, it serves emergency patients, especially at night, while also lowering operating costs by taking over repetitive tasks."

\n

Over 10 pharmacies in Beijing are now operating 24 hours a day with the use of a Galbot G1. The robot is priced at 680,000 yuan ($94,800), a 50,000 yuan discount, at the 4S store during the festival.

\n

As of Tuesday, more than 19,000 robots and related products have been sold during the festival, generating total sales of over 200 million yuan. Meanwhile, the distribution of consumption vouchers has boosted sales by over 60 million yuan, according to the administrative committee of Beijing E-Town.

\n

Meanwhile, shopping malls and e-commerce platform JD.com are hosting sales campaigns at the festival. Enterprises can enjoy subsidies of up to 250,000 yuan on robot purchases.

\n

Targeting online consumers, JD.com has showcased over 680 robots and related products, including quadruped, biped, exoskeleton, and educational and companion robots, offering a maximum subsidy of 600 yuan for a single product.

\n

"In the past, these robots were priced in the millions of yuan, but now they are becoming more affordable," said Xu Lei, head of the Intelligent Robot Business Department under the 3C Digital Business Group of JD.com. "We hope to leverage the advantages of online sales, brand support and supply chains to make robots accessible to more consumers."

\n

Zhang Hao, chief scientist of ALVA (Beijing) Technology Co, said that robots are still in their infancy and are often used mainly for display. "Even though they may stagger while walking, they captivate us because we can sense their intelligence gradually maturing."

\n

"Only when robots help customers make money will they buy and keep buying such machines," said Zhang, adding that such machines must be practical, affordable, versatile and of effective use for consumers.

\n

Zhang's perspective echoes that of Massimiliano Zecca, a professor of healthcare technology at Loughborough University in the United Kingdom.

\n

"Humanoid robots now require an engineering team to look after them," the professor said. "They need to bring real value to form a natural market."

\n

Despite the limitations of the robots, Zecca was clearly impressed by a humanoid coffee barista crafting intricate latte art at the 2025 World Robot Conference, which concluded on Tuesday.

\n

"I would pay for a cup of coffee with artistic flavor. The evolution of humanoid robots will surely provide more choices to meet personal preferences," Zecca said.

\n

", @@ -4273,28 +6627,6 @@ "hash": "e1fb88a56ea7c3bce75f1ea512b9c1c3", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "007CHINA - Algorithms help grow seedlings on hot days", - "description": "

A technician (right) checks the growth of seedlings through a monitor in a greenhouse at the Zhixin Digital Seedling Breeding Industrial Park in Raoyang county, Hebei province.

\n

In Raoyang county, Hebei province, a high-tech approach is overturning long-held beliefs that North China's sweltering summers are ill-suited for seedling cultivation.

\n

At the Zhixin Digital Seedling Breeding Industrial Park in Raoyang in Hengshui city, algorithms now replace gut instinct.

\n

The cutting-edge solutions are transforming challenging conditions of high temperatures, heavy rain and intense sunlight into precisely controlled parameters, enabling consistent and high-quality seedling production in the hot season.

\n

"In the past, we relied on experience. Now, we rely on algorithms," said Wei Fangcui, the park's director, while navigating the park's cloud-based management platform via a tablet.

\n

The system integrates over a dozen critical parameters, including micro-climate, soil conditions, and crop growth stages, using machines to autonomously optimize irrigation, nutrient delivery, light exposure and ventilation cycles.

\n

Stepping into the vast complex reveals a scene of quiet efficiency — automated rail-guided seedling beds glide smoothly, precision spray systems deliver moisture, and clusters of internet of things sensors display temperature and humidity data in real time.

\n

This highly integrated "breeding-cultivation-promotion" facility, a model of intelligent agriculture, now produces over 120 million robust seedlings annually, according to the park.

\n

"Problems are spotted instantly and solved with a click," said technician Xie Keju, using a mobile app to track seedlings' "body temperature" and "nutritional intake". Sensors in eight vast glass greenhouses — each nearly 10,000 square meters and housing up to one million plants — feed real time data into the system, triggering automatic adjustments to ensure every seedling receives balanced nourishment.

\n

"Crucially, the platform also provides early disease and pest warnings and tracks the growth history of individual plants," he said.

\n

The outcomes are compelling. According to Wei, the park achieves a five percent higher rate of strong, viable seedlings and reduces the overall cultivation cycle by five percent.

\n

"These tech-based seedlings are the 'chips' of modern agriculture," she said.

\n

Technology is also reshaping productivity. An artificial intelligence-powered precision seeder allows one worker to sow 45 trays in three minutes, work that once took four people almost an hour. Xie now manages 300,000 seedlings singlehandedly, with his monthly income rising from 3,000 to 8,000 yuan ($417 to 1,112).

\n

This transformation stems from Raoyang county's "Science Commissioner plus Local Expert" training program, which has delivered over 100 specialized trainings on smart equipment and pest management, grooming over 10,000 skilled fruit and vegetable technicians, according to local authorities.

\n

"Quality must be controlled from the very source," said Li Bingshun, deputy director of Raoyang county's agriculture and rural affairs bureau.

\n

This focus has attracted over 30 prominent breeding enterprises to establish operations in Raoyang. Together with 44 local seedling bases, they form an integrated breeding and promotion network, he said.

\n

The technological journey extends seamlessly from greenhouse to market. In the packaging facility, automated sorting lines place seedlings into custom boxes at a rate of three per second, each affixed with a QR code tracing its origin and journey.

\n

"These 500,000 tomato seedlings head to Beijing tomorrow via refrigerated transport, reaching fields within 48 hours," Wei Fangcui said in an interview in July, pointing to live national demand data.

\n

Since its February launch, the park has supplied over four million premium seedlings to multiple places, including the Ningxia Hui autonomous region, as well as provinces of Hebei and Henan, Wei said.

\n

The supplies cover over a dozen varieties of common and specialty fruit and vegetable seedlings, she added.

\n

"The return on our technology investment is increasing rapidly," Wei said.

\n

Their seedlings, prized for superior genetics and consistent quality, have driven tangible benefits — farmers report average yield increases of 15 to 20 percent per hectare alongside significantly improved produce quality, achieving market satisfaction rates exceeding 90 percent, according to Wei.

\n

This revolution not only supplies premium seedlings nationally but also catalyzes local industry transformation.

\n

Raoyang has established Hebei's first High-Quality Fruit and Vegetable Seed Industry Alliance, guiding breeding bases and planning 10,667-hectare demonstration zones. Additionally, it integrates data from the entire industry chain to create a regulatory platform.

\n

Currently, Raoyang has cultivated 28,667 hectares of fruits and vegetables, including 22,667 hectares of protected greenhouse crops, producing 2.4 million metric tons annually and supplying 2,000 tons daily to neighboring Beijing and Tianjin, according to local statistics.

\n

"We will amplify our leading role, aiming to bring 40 more bases into the digital fold within two years, creating scale and synergy for shared resources and technology," Wei said.

\n

She added that continuous research& development investment will refine their algorithms and deepen IoT integration, embedding technology into every facet of seedling cultivation.

\n

zhangyu1@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "content": "

A technician (right) checks the growth of seedlings through a monitor in a greenhouse at the Zhixin Digital Seedling Breeding Industrial Park in Raoyang county, Hebei province.

\n

In Raoyang county, Hebei province, a high-tech approach is overturning long-held beliefs that North China's sweltering summers are ill-suited for seedling cultivation.

\n

At the Zhixin Digital Seedling Breeding Industrial Park in Raoyang in Hengshui city, algorithms now replace gut instinct.

\n

The cutting-edge solutions are transforming challenging conditions of high temperatures, heavy rain and intense sunlight into precisely controlled parameters, enabling consistent and high-quality seedling production in the hot season.

\n

"In the past, we relied on experience. Now, we rely on algorithms," said Wei Fangcui, the park's director, while navigating the park's cloud-based management platform via a tablet.

\n

The system integrates over a dozen critical parameters, including micro-climate, soil conditions, and crop growth stages, using machines to autonomously optimize irrigation, nutrient delivery, light exposure and ventilation cycles.

\n

Stepping into the vast complex reveals a scene of quiet efficiency — automated rail-guided seedling beds glide smoothly, precision spray systems deliver moisture, and clusters of internet of things sensors display temperature and humidity data in real time.

\n

This highly integrated "breeding-cultivation-promotion" facility, a model of intelligent agriculture, now produces over 120 million robust seedlings annually, according to the park.

\n

"Problems are spotted instantly and solved with a click," said technician Xie Keju, using a mobile app to track seedlings' "body temperature" and "nutritional intake". Sensors in eight vast glass greenhouses — each nearly 10,000 square meters and housing up to one million plants — feed real time data into the system, triggering automatic adjustments to ensure every seedling receives balanced nourishment.

\n

"Crucially, the platform also provides early disease and pest warnings and tracks the growth history of individual plants," he said.

\n

The outcomes are compelling. According to Wei, the park achieves a five percent higher rate of strong, viable seedlings and reduces the overall cultivation cycle by five percent.

\n

"These tech-based seedlings are the 'chips' of modern agriculture," she said.

\n

Technology is also reshaping productivity. An artificial intelligence-powered precision seeder allows one worker to sow 45 trays in three minutes, work that once took four people almost an hour. Xie now manages 300,000 seedlings singlehandedly, with his monthly income rising from 3,000 to 8,000 yuan ($417 to 1,112).

\n

This transformation stems from Raoyang county's "Science Commissioner plus Local Expert" training program, which has delivered over 100 specialized trainings on smart equipment and pest management, grooming over 10,000 skilled fruit and vegetable technicians, according to local authorities.

\n

"Quality must be controlled from the very source," said Li Bingshun, deputy director of Raoyang county's agriculture and rural affairs bureau.

\n

This focus has attracted over 30 prominent breeding enterprises to establish operations in Raoyang. Together with 44 local seedling bases, they form an integrated breeding and promotion network, he said.

\n

The technological journey extends seamlessly from greenhouse to market. In the packaging facility, automated sorting lines place seedlings into custom boxes at a rate of three per second, each affixed with a QR code tracing its origin and journey.

\n

"These 500,000 tomato seedlings head to Beijing tomorrow via refrigerated transport, reaching fields within 48 hours," Wei Fangcui said in an interview in July, pointing to live national demand data.

\n

Since its February launch, the park has supplied over four million premium seedlings to multiple places, including the Ningxia Hui autonomous region, as well as provinces of Hebei and Henan, Wei said.

\n

The supplies cover over a dozen varieties of common and specialty fruit and vegetable seedlings, she added.

\n

"The return on our technology investment is increasing rapidly," Wei said.

\n

Their seedlings, prized for superior genetics and consistent quality, have driven tangible benefits — farmers report average yield increases of 15 to 20 percent per hectare alongside significantly improved produce quality, achieving market satisfaction rates exceeding 90 percent, according to Wei.

\n

This revolution not only supplies premium seedlings nationally but also catalyzes local industry transformation.

\n

Raoyang has established Hebei's first High-Quality Fruit and Vegetable Seed Industry Alliance, guiding breeding bases and planning 10,667-hectare demonstration zones. Additionally, it integrates data from the entire industry chain to create a regulatory platform.

\n

Currently, Raoyang has cultivated 28,667 hectares of fruits and vegetables, including 22,667 hectares of protected greenhouse crops, producing 2.4 million metric tons annually and supplying 2,000 tons daily to neighboring Beijing and Tianjin, according to local statistics.

\n

"We will amplify our leading role, aiming to bring 40 more bases into the digital fold within two years, creating scale and synergy for shared resources and technology," Wei said.

\n

She added that continuous research& development investment will refine their algorithms and deepen IoT integration, embedding technology into every facet of seedling cultivation.

\n

zhangyu1@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_007_689e52fded50ccabe1517905.htm#007CHINA", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "530b563fee5c117c4a82adb574c0934c", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "008COMMENT - Manila needs to cut loose from Washington", "description": "

The USS Higgins, an Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer, "illegally entered China's territorial waters around Huangyan Island without the approval of the Chinese government" on Wednesday, and the People's Liberation Army Navy "tracked, monitored, and warned the vessel to leave", the PLA Southern Theater Command said in a statement that day.

\n

Sarah Merrill, a spokesperson for the US Seventh Fleet, based in Yokosuka, Japan, to which the USS Higgins belongs, said the warship was conducting a "freedom of navigation operation "in accordance with international law.

\n

But that's not the case. The only reason the US dispatched the vessel to those waters was to show its support for Manila to continue the hazardous game it is playing. A Philippine Coast Guard ship made some dangerous provocative maneuvers on Monday that posed a risk to the Chinese law enforcement ships patrolling in the waters. But US ambassador to the Philippines, MaryKay Carlson, on Tuesday ridiculously pointed the finger of blame at China for "the latest reckless action".

\n

The claim of Merrill that the USS Higgins was upholding the US' right to fly, sail and operate wherever international law allows only exposes the hypocrisy of the US. As the PLA statement said, the US warship "seriously" infringed on China's sovereignty, severely undermined peace and stability in the South China Sea, and violated international law and basic norms governing international relations.

\n

The US Navy spokesperson's dismissal of these remarks — "Nothing China says otherwise will deter us" — reveals the US' intention to constantly escalate tensions in the South China Sea, by emboldening the Philippines. The reason why the US sent the warship to the waters around Huangyan Island is because it realizes the consequences of the Philippines' provocations two days ago might make Manila jittery, waiting for China's response.

\n

Since it assumed office over three years ago, the Ferdinand Marcos Jr government has been fully aware of the dangerous position it is putting the Philippines in by acting as a US pawn against China in the South China Sea. It has practiced a brinkmanship policy to try and maximize its gains in the US-orchestrated geopolitical game — reaching for a yard after taking an inch and hiding low to weather the self-created storms.

\n

A review of what the Marcos government has done in playing its assigned role in the South China Sea clearly demonstrates that whenever it becomes hesitant and worried after playing with fire, the US will always show its support, usually by sending warships to the waters.

\n

Manila then has no choice but to continue playing its provocative game. Notably, its incursion into Chinese waters earlier this week came after Marcos' visit to the US late last month. Before that Marcos also made a series of irresponsible remarks on the Taiwan question and tried to drag India into the game it is playing with the US.

\n

During his visit to the Pentagon, the Philippine president was reassured by his hosts, who reaffirmed the US' commitment to the two countries' mutual defense treaty, which states that an attack on either the Philippines or the US is deemed to be an attack on the other. The treaty is the major source of the Marcos government's confidence that the US will not abandon the Philippines in the case of an emergency. The US is actually taking advantage of that mentality to use the Philippines as a tool in its "Indo-Pacific" strategy, squeezing the space for its autonomy and alienating it from the other countries in the region.

\n

But the US knows it has not yet dispelled Manila's fear of either being discarded by the US or reaping what it has sowed in advancing the US' agenda at its own cost. So whenever Manila thinks it has gone too far, the US has to reassure it. Yet the US' exploitative approach to other hotspot issues incessantly reminds Manila that the US will take its pound of flesh.

\n

Having been pressed to be increasingly provocative, the Marcos government has finally realized that it is not a case of asking what the US can do for the Philippines, but rather what the Philippines can do for the US.

\n

The Philippines will succeed Malaysia as chair of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations next year, which offers the Marcos government a chance to prove it can contribute to regional peace and stability. In an interview for his podcast on Friday, Marcos confirmed that Manila would "certainly try" to push for a legally binding code of conduct for the South China Sea to maintain stability in the region that regional countries have been negotiating.

\n

It is certainly to be hoped that this is the case.

\n

", @@ -4317,28 +6649,6 @@ "hash": "8b3369a4bf354fb052986316bbc4daf9", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "009VIEWS - Japan must face up to its wartime past", - "description": "

\n

Editor's note: This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45) and the World Anti-Fascist War. Japan should learn from its past and desist from rebuilding its military. In an interview with Li Huixian for Dialogues with Thinkers, China Daily's high-end interview program, Fang Ke, a Japanese affairs expert at the National Defense University of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, said Japan should face up to its history, and stressed that Japanese right-wing forces should not distort history and mislead ordinary Japanese people, especially the younger generation. Excerpts follow:

\n

Question: Aug 15 marks the 80th anniversary of Japan's unconditional surrender in World War II. How should Japan behave now?

\n

Answer: Japanese invaders in China and other Asian countries killed and wounded millions of people, leaving a trail of destruction across much of East and Southeast Asia. For Japan, adopting a right view of history is imperative. Only by facing up to history can Japan truly atone for its atrocities before and during World War II. Facing up to history is a litmus test of its political sincerity.

\n

Also, Japan must adhere, both in letter and spirit, to the four political documents it has signed with China. It is equally crucial for Japan to enhance communication with China to build strategic mutual trust and better understand each other's legitimate concerns.

\n

Amid growing economic turbulence fueled by the United States' tariff war, China and Japan, as the Asia-Pacific's leading economies, have every reason to deepen economic cooperation, because it would not only mitigate economic risks but also bolster regional stability. Effective crisis management is critical, too, for Japan to improve relations with China and other countries in the region. So it should respect Beijing's core interests. Rather than exacerbating tensions, it should adopt a constructive approach to fostering regional stability, particularly bilateral relations with China.

\n

Q: To what extent will the far-right forces in Japan continue to influence the country's policies?

\n

A: Ever since the Meiji Restoration, militarists and far-right forces have been influencing, to various degrees, Japan's policies, even dragging it into the abyss of war. After World War II, the international community's oversight and the US-engineered democratization reforms temporarily marginalized these elements, even stripped them of political power.

\n

However, the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950 prompted a US policy reversal. By remolding Japan into an anti-communist linchpin in East Asia, the US helped rehabilitate convicted war criminals and dismissed wartime officials, some of whom became part of Japan's power structure.

\n

Consequently, Japan has never truly atoned for its wartime crimes nor has it fully abandoned its militarist views. Although these elements' capacity to fundamentally alter Japan's domestic or foreign policy is constrained, they can still shape public views, especially influence young minds.

\n

Q: What sort of impact did the Chinese people's humanitarian act of adopting Japanese war orphans after the end of World War II have on the development of Sino-Japanese relations?

\n

A: The sort of treatment Japanese orphans got from kindhearted Chinese people has long been a testament to the friendship between China and Japan. After Japan's defeat in World War II, an estimated 4,000 to 5,000 war orphans were left behind in China. The older generation of Chinese leaders, including Chairman Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, treated them with kindness, as did ordinary Chinese people in Northeast China.

\n

This shows that China distinguishes between Japan's militarist clique and the Japanese people. By launching the war, the militarists not only dragged all the Japanese people into World War II but also made them victims of the war.

\n

After returning to Japan, those orphans acted as a bridge between China and Japan. Many of them formed organizations, revisited their adoptive families in China, and fostered goodwill between the two countries. Their story shows that a genuine people-to-people bond rooted in compassion and mutual understanding is irreplaceable.

\n

Q: Will Japan's labeling of China as the \"greatest strategic challenge\" in its recent defense white papers harm bilateral relations?

\n

A: Postwar Japan has oscillated between pursuing strategic autonomy to enhance its defense capabilities and relying on the US for national security. Yet by calling China the "greatest strategic challenge", Japan is fabricating stories to justify its militarization and rally domestic public support for it. Japan plans to increase its defense spending beyond 2 percent of GDP by 2027.

\n

The Japanese government argues that its "low defense spending" is inadequate to sustain its status as a major power or counter what it calls "diversified threats", whether from China or other sources. To this end, it seeks to increase defense budgets, expand offensive weapons capabilities, and procure advanced military hardware — all of which require securing public support to ensure smooth approval in both houses of the Diet when these policies are formally proposed.

\n

On the other hand, with the US advancing its "Indo-Pacific" strategy, Japan is concerned about its diminishing role in the alliance due to the US' growing diversified partners. For decades, Tokyo has followed Washington's lead, but it has been working to exercise greater influence and autonomy within the alliance.

\n

By calling China as such a "threat", both countries gain justification to deepen alliance integration, enabling Tokyo to harness US strategic weight for expanded regional influence and leadership. Japan also believes this will make it an indispensable ally of the US in the Asia-Pacific. But Japan should realize that in today's world, national security cannot be safeguarded by hyping up nonexistent threats. And clinging to the beggar-thy-neighbor approach will not help Japan win the support of its neighbors or the wider international community either.

\n

Q: Is Japan's strategy of boosting security and the economy sustainable?

\n

A: At the end of 2024, Japan was China's fifth-largest trading partner, third largest among individual countries, while China was Japan's largest trading partner and primary source of imports. Sino-Japanese trade has been mutually beneficial for decades. It is the US that has been trying to destabilize the global economic order by launching the tariff war.

\n

It is essential for China, Japan and the Republic of Korea, as major economies in the Asia-Pacific, to deepen cooperation, especially in fields such as cutting-edge technologies and infrastructure development, to ensure the region's continued development.

\n

Japan's approach to China is inherently contradictory. Despite continuing to align with the US in matters of security and defense, Japan has been enjoying the economic gains from Sino-Japanese trade.

\n

Q: How should we respond to certain US and Japanese politicians' frequent hyping of the Taiwan question?

\n

A: This is a matter of serious concern. We should continue to make efforts to achieve the reunification of Taiwan with the motherland, and avoid making the mistake of "strategic overreach".

\n

Ineffective crisis management could turn a friction into conflict, potentially dragging other countries into it. To prevent this, China and Japan have established effective multi-tier, multi-channel crisis management mechanisms, including hotlines at the defense minister level.

\n

In recent years, through a series of military exercises and demonstrations of advanced weapons systems, China has showcased the modernization of its defense forces, as well as its resolve to safeguard its sovereignty and territorial integrity, and achieve national reunification.

\n

It will again do so at an opportune moment and location to demonstrate its military capabilities to deter hostile forces, and prevent them from exploiting sensitive issues.

\n

The views don't necessarily represent those of China Daily.

\n

", - "content": "

\n

Editor's note: This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45) and the World Anti-Fascist War. Japan should learn from its past and desist from rebuilding its military. In an interview with Li Huixian for Dialogues with Thinkers, China Daily's high-end interview program, Fang Ke, a Japanese affairs expert at the National Defense University of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, said Japan should face up to its history, and stressed that Japanese right-wing forces should not distort history and mislead ordinary Japanese people, especially the younger generation. Excerpts follow:

\n

Question: Aug 15 marks the 80th anniversary of Japan's unconditional surrender in World War II. How should Japan behave now?

\n

Answer: Japanese invaders in China and other Asian countries killed and wounded millions of people, leaving a trail of destruction across much of East and Southeast Asia. For Japan, adopting a right view of history is imperative. Only by facing up to history can Japan truly atone for its atrocities before and during World War II. Facing up to history is a litmus test of its political sincerity.

\n

Also, Japan must adhere, both in letter and spirit, to the four political documents it has signed with China. It is equally crucial for Japan to enhance communication with China to build strategic mutual trust and better understand each other's legitimate concerns.

\n

Amid growing economic turbulence fueled by the United States' tariff war, China and Japan, as the Asia-Pacific's leading economies, have every reason to deepen economic cooperation, because it would not only mitigate economic risks but also bolster regional stability. Effective crisis management is critical, too, for Japan to improve relations with China and other countries in the region. So it should respect Beijing's core interests. Rather than exacerbating tensions, it should adopt a constructive approach to fostering regional stability, particularly bilateral relations with China.

\n

Q: To what extent will the far-right forces in Japan continue to influence the country's policies?

\n

A: Ever since the Meiji Restoration, militarists and far-right forces have been influencing, to various degrees, Japan's policies, even dragging it into the abyss of war. After World War II, the international community's oversight and the US-engineered democratization reforms temporarily marginalized these elements, even stripped them of political power.

\n

However, the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950 prompted a US policy reversal. By remolding Japan into an anti-communist linchpin in East Asia, the US helped rehabilitate convicted war criminals and dismissed wartime officials, some of whom became part of Japan's power structure.

\n

Consequently, Japan has never truly atoned for its wartime crimes nor has it fully abandoned its militarist views. Although these elements' capacity to fundamentally alter Japan's domestic or foreign policy is constrained, they can still shape public views, especially influence young minds.

\n

Q: What sort of impact did the Chinese people's humanitarian act of adopting Japanese war orphans after the end of World War II have on the development of Sino-Japanese relations?

\n

A: The sort of treatment Japanese orphans got from kindhearted Chinese people has long been a testament to the friendship between China and Japan. After Japan's defeat in World War II, an estimated 4,000 to 5,000 war orphans were left behind in China. The older generation of Chinese leaders, including Chairman Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, treated them with kindness, as did ordinary Chinese people in Northeast China.

\n

This shows that China distinguishes between Japan's militarist clique and the Japanese people. By launching the war, the militarists not only dragged all the Japanese people into World War II but also made them victims of the war.

\n

After returning to Japan, those orphans acted as a bridge between China and Japan. Many of them formed organizations, revisited their adoptive families in China, and fostered goodwill between the two countries. Their story shows that a genuine people-to-people bond rooted in compassion and mutual understanding is irreplaceable.

\n

Q: Will Japan's labeling of China as the \"greatest strategic challenge\" in its recent defense white papers harm bilateral relations?

\n

A: Postwar Japan has oscillated between pursuing strategic autonomy to enhance its defense capabilities and relying on the US for national security. Yet by calling China the "greatest strategic challenge", Japan is fabricating stories to justify its militarization and rally domestic public support for it. Japan plans to increase its defense spending beyond 2 percent of GDP by 2027.

\n

The Japanese government argues that its "low defense spending" is inadequate to sustain its status as a major power or counter what it calls "diversified threats", whether from China or other sources. To this end, it seeks to increase defense budgets, expand offensive weapons capabilities, and procure advanced military hardware — all of which require securing public support to ensure smooth approval in both houses of the Diet when these policies are formally proposed.

\n

On the other hand, with the US advancing its "Indo-Pacific" strategy, Japan is concerned about its diminishing role in the alliance due to the US' growing diversified partners. For decades, Tokyo has followed Washington's lead, but it has been working to exercise greater influence and autonomy within the alliance.

\n

By calling China as such a "threat", both countries gain justification to deepen alliance integration, enabling Tokyo to harness US strategic weight for expanded regional influence and leadership. Japan also believes this will make it an indispensable ally of the US in the Asia-Pacific. But Japan should realize that in today's world, national security cannot be safeguarded by hyping up nonexistent threats. And clinging to the beggar-thy-neighbor approach will not help Japan win the support of its neighbors or the wider international community either.

\n

Q: Is Japan's strategy of boosting security and the economy sustainable?

\n

A: At the end of 2024, Japan was China's fifth-largest trading partner, third largest among individual countries, while China was Japan's largest trading partner and primary source of imports. Sino-Japanese trade has been mutually beneficial for decades. It is the US that has been trying to destabilize the global economic order by launching the tariff war.

\n

It is essential for China, Japan and the Republic of Korea, as major economies in the Asia-Pacific, to deepen cooperation, especially in fields such as cutting-edge technologies and infrastructure development, to ensure the region's continued development.

\n

Japan's approach to China is inherently contradictory. Despite continuing to align with the US in matters of security and defense, Japan has been enjoying the economic gains from Sino-Japanese trade.

\n

Q: How should we respond to certain US and Japanese politicians' frequent hyping of the Taiwan question?

\n

A: This is a matter of serious concern. We should continue to make efforts to achieve the reunification of Taiwan with the motherland, and avoid making the mistake of "strategic overreach".

\n

Ineffective crisis management could turn a friction into conflict, potentially dragging other countries into it. To prevent this, China and Japan have established effective multi-tier, multi-channel crisis management mechanisms, including hotlines at the defense minister level.

\n

In recent years, through a series of military exercises and demonstrations of advanced weapons systems, China has showcased the modernization of its defense forces, as well as its resolve to safeguard its sovereignty and territorial integrity, and achieve national reunification.

\n

It will again do so at an opportune moment and location to demonstrate its military capabilities to deter hostile forces, and prevent them from exploiting sensitive issues.

\n

The views don't necessarily represent those of China Daily.

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_009_689e531fed50ccabe151790d.htm#009VIEWS", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "4e44db3a7017ecdb15f874dced4b163a", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "010WORLD - Thai experts urge innovation push to counter tariffs", "description": "

An employee handles semiconductor materials at a factory in Bang Pa-In, Ayutthaya Province, Thailand, on Wednesday. The United States has declared plans for a 100 percent tariff on semiconductor imports.

\n

Thai experts have called for a long-term strategy to offset the negative effects of US tariffs, saying Thailand should strengthen its competitiveness by investing more in innovation and technology while expanding its trade partners, including focusing more on China.

\n

The United States recently announced a new "reciprocal" tariff rate for Thailand at 19 percent, which is significantly lower than the previously proposed 36 percent. The new rate is almost on par with those on several other members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, but lower than the levy on Vietnam.

\n

"The reduced tariff attributed to the government's negotiation efforts is not over yet," said Wichai Kinchong Choi, a business development expert at Kasikorn Bank in Bangkok. "What's more important is to strengthen the country's own risk resistance capacity amid the future global challenges through building a robust economy."

\n

A cautiously optimistic attitude should be held as the US has not yet revealed its additional conditions, Wichai said. According to the agreement, for example, Thailand must fully open its domestic agricultural product market and exempt agricultural products imported from the US from tariffs.

\n

"The move will pose risks to Thailand's domestic fruit market," he said.

\n

In the long term, he said, Thailand should further expand into new markets to diversify risk and enhance its production processes to reduce costs while further strengthening its partnership with ASEAN countries and major trade partners such as China.

\n

"As the global trade will deepen, Thailand should urge its major sectors to accelerate reform by leveraging innovation and technology," Wichai said. "We need to adapt and enhance our own competition by investing more in industries such as clean energy, artificial intelligence and electric vehicles that contribute to the kingdom's industrial upgrading and sustainable development."

\n

After the announcement of the reduced tariff rate, Kasikorn Research Center in Bangkok released a report estimating that the Thai economy is expected to grow by 1.5 percent this year, an improvement from the prior projection of 1.4 percent.

\n

Pornchai Thiraveja, director-general of the Fiscal Policy Office at the Thai Finance Ministry, said in a recent interview with the Bangkok Post that the ministry plans to implement stimulus measures to spur domestic spending and investment to support the economy.

\n

Stimulus measures

\n

Measures may include accelerating the disbursement of public investment budgets for infrastructure projects, introducing tax policies to encourage consumption, and supporting the tourism and service sectors.

\n

In addition, the government has established a Competitiveness Enhancement Fund with a budget of 10 billion baht ($308 million), targeting vulnerable industries or those requiring urgent adaptation, which can also aid local businesses in adapting to changing trade conditions.

\n

Apart from solving the internal problems, experts said Thailand should join hands with Southeast Asian countries to open up further and improve market facilitation, as well as improve trade rules and regulations for deepening cooperation with more partners, including China.

\n

Piti Srisangnam, executive director of the ASEAN Foundation, said Thailand has so far joined several regional agreements, such as the ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement, which are crucial for it to strengthen cooperation with more partners.

\n

He urged the Thai government to upgrade regulations and agreements with other trade partners and enlarge existing cooperation frameworks, such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership.

\n

"Apart from that, we also need to access the larger market, such as BRICS Plus, which will provide Thailand with access to a larger market, facilitating trade and investment opportunities," Piti said. "Being part of BRICS can elevate Thailand's political status on the global stage, providing it with a platform to voice its interests and contribute to global economic and political discussions."

\n

The tariff policy initiated by the US can be a good chance for Thailand to reshape its industry and economy, said Suthiphand Chirathivat, a professor emeritus of economics and former director of the ASEAN Studies Center at Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok.

\n

"Moreover, the trade war will very likely bring ASEAN and China even closer," Suthiphand said.

\n

yangwanli@chinadaily.com.cn

\n



获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", @@ -4361,28 +6671,6 @@ "hash": "f32f92a3a468f4bebed2242c49936b77", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "011WORLD - Aid package unveiled for Brazilian exporters hit by levies", - "description": "

Brazil's President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva (second from right) and other government officials pose for a group photo during a signing ceremony to enact the Sovereign Brazil Plan, an aid program to support companies affected by the US tariffs, at the Planalto presidential palace in Brasilia, Brazil, on Wednesday.

\n

BRASILIA — Brazil's government unveiled on Wednesday a long-awaited aid package for companies hurt by steep US tariffs, centered on credit lines for exporters and government purchases of products that face greater hurdles in finding alternative markets.

\n

US President Donald Trump hiked duties on several goods from Brazil to 50 percent from 10 percent earlier this month. Although some sectors were exempted from the steeper levies, the move is still set to hurt industries such as coffee, beef, seafood, textiles, footwear and fruit.

\n

Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva had already signaled his administration would not immediately retaliate against the tariff hike, instead prioritizing support for the most affected sectors.

\n

"We will insist on negotiating …but our sovereignty is untouchable," Lula told an event in Brasilia, saying he was open to talks on topics such as ethanol trade.

\n

"We are not announcing reciprocity measures. We don't want, at first, to do anything that could justify worsening our relations," the leader added.

\n

The centerpiece of the aid plan is a 30 billion-real ($5.55 billion) credit line via the existing Export Guarantee Fund, which is managed by state development bank BNDES, according to a statement.

\n

The government will also make additional contributions totaling 4.5 billion reais to strengthen some funds supporting aid for smaller companies, it added.

\n

The measures are part of an executive order signed by Lula, which takes effect immediately but must be approved by Congress within four months to remain in force.

\n

'Palliative but necessary'

\n

Ricardo Alban, the chairman of the Brazilian industry confederation, said he hopes "this plan is behind us as quickly as possible".He described it as "palliative, but necessary".

\n

"Nothing justifies us being on the lowest of tariffs to going to the highest of tariffs," Alban said.

\n

Brazil was among the nations hardest hit by Trump's tariffs.

\n

Washington exempted key goods such as aircraft, orange juice, oil and pulp from the higher rate, but products like coffee and beef, of which Brazil is a major US supplier, are now subject to the full rate, which took effect last week.

\n

Trump imposed the levies on US imports from Brazil largely in response to a Brazilian legal case he has accused of being a "witch hunt "against former president Jair Bolsonaro, who is on trial for allegedly plotting to overturn the 2022 election after his supporters overran government buildings.

\n

Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Moraes, who is overseeing the case, said that he would continue to do his job and that Brazil's top court would not submit itself to foreign coercion and that it would guard the country's constitution.

\n

Brazil's new aid program also eases the tax burden on exporters to help them remain competitive in the US, a measure in place through the end of next year that the government estimated would cost 5 billion reais in foregone revenue.

\n

The plan extends the timeframe for using tax credits under the "drawback" regime, which reimburses import taxes on inputs used in the production of exported goods.

\n

", - "content": "

Brazil's President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva (second from right) and other government officials pose for a group photo during a signing ceremony to enact the Sovereign Brazil Plan, an aid program to support companies affected by the US tariffs, at the Planalto presidential palace in Brasilia, Brazil, on Wednesday.

\n

BRASILIA — Brazil's government unveiled on Wednesday a long-awaited aid package for companies hurt by steep US tariffs, centered on credit lines for exporters and government purchases of products that face greater hurdles in finding alternative markets.

\n

US President Donald Trump hiked duties on several goods from Brazil to 50 percent from 10 percent earlier this month. Although some sectors were exempted from the steeper levies, the move is still set to hurt industries such as coffee, beef, seafood, textiles, footwear and fruit.

\n

Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva had already signaled his administration would not immediately retaliate against the tariff hike, instead prioritizing support for the most affected sectors.

\n

"We will insist on negotiating …but our sovereignty is untouchable," Lula told an event in Brasilia, saying he was open to talks on topics such as ethanol trade.

\n

"We are not announcing reciprocity measures. We don't want, at first, to do anything that could justify worsening our relations," the leader added.

\n

The centerpiece of the aid plan is a 30 billion-real ($5.55 billion) credit line via the existing Export Guarantee Fund, which is managed by state development bank BNDES, according to a statement.

\n

The government will also make additional contributions totaling 4.5 billion reais to strengthen some funds supporting aid for smaller companies, it added.

\n

The measures are part of an executive order signed by Lula, which takes effect immediately but must be approved by Congress within four months to remain in force.

\n

'Palliative but necessary'

\n

Ricardo Alban, the chairman of the Brazilian industry confederation, said he hopes "this plan is behind us as quickly as possible".He described it as "palliative, but necessary".

\n

"Nothing justifies us being on the lowest of tariffs to going to the highest of tariffs," Alban said.

\n

Brazil was among the nations hardest hit by Trump's tariffs.

\n

Washington exempted key goods such as aircraft, orange juice, oil and pulp from the higher rate, but products like coffee and beef, of which Brazil is a major US supplier, are now subject to the full rate, which took effect last week.

\n

Trump imposed the levies on US imports from Brazil largely in response to a Brazilian legal case he has accused of being a "witch hunt "against former president Jair Bolsonaro, who is on trial for allegedly plotting to overturn the 2022 election after his supporters overran government buildings.

\n

Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Moraes, who is overseeing the case, said that he would continue to do his job and that Brazil's top court would not submit itself to foreign coercion and that it would guard the country's constitution.

\n

Brazil's new aid program also eases the tax burden on exporters to help them remain competitive in the US, a measure in place through the end of next year that the government estimated would cost 5 billion reais in foregone revenue.

\n

The plan extends the timeframe for using tax credits under the "drawback" regime, which reimburses import taxes on inputs used in the production of exported goods.

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_011_689e5342ed50ccabe1517915.htm#011WORLD", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "6fd266806aaae5851790a1a71d9f4c4c", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "012ADVERTORIAL - Capital maps humanoid future at 2025 World Robot Conference", "description": "
\n

Visitors interact with an intelligent robot imitating Confucius at the 2025 World Robot Conference in Beijing on Aug 8.

\n

Since robots are a crucial driving force in developing new quality productive forces and shaping an intelligent lifestyle, Beijing has been leveraging its technological and talent strengths to accelerate the development of common technologies, expand application scenarios, build industry exchange platforms, and continuously enhance the supply of essential resources in this field.

\n

As a result, the city's robotics industry ranks among the top in China, Beijing Mayor Yin Yong said at the opening ceremony of the 2025 World Robot Conference.

\n

The event, held from Aug 8 to 12, was jointly hosted by the Chinese Institute of Electronics and the World Robot Cooperation Organization in the Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, also known as Beijing E-Town.

\n

It featured an exhibition area of approximately 50,000 square meters, comprising three main halls focused on innovation, application, and technology.

\n

Over 200 domestic and international robotics companies showcased more than 1,500 exhibits, with over 100 new products making their debut. Among the participants were 50 humanoid robot companies, the highest number among similar exhibitions worldwide.

\n

In the exhibition area of the Beijing Innovation Center of Humanoid Robotics, different models of heterogeneous robots carried out cross-scenario collaborative operations through the coordination of Huisi Kaiwu, the world's first general embodied intelligence platform.

\n

Experts noted that this breaks the traditional barrier of "one machine for one post", marking an evolution from individual intelligence to group intelligence.

\n

Jeff Burnstein, president of the Association for Advancing Automation in the United States, witnessed remarkable changes at this year's conference, one of the most noticeable being the significant increase in international participants. He added that since its inception, the conference has now grown into a truly global event.

\n

Today, the robotics industry is on the verge of large-scale industrialization. The guiding opinions on the innovative development of humanoid robots, released by China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, state that by 2027, the humanoid robot industry is expected to achieve larger-scale growth, with related products deeply integrated into the real economy and becoming an important engine for economic growth.

\n

In response, Beijing aims to build an internationally influential hub for robotics innovation. It will collaborate with Tianjin and Hebei to strategically position key components, promoting the gradual development of high-level, large-scale production capabilities for humanoid robots.

\n

It also plans to establish the first national-level testing and verification platform for humanoid robots, continuously enhance the brand influence of major events such as the World Robot Conference and the World Humanoid Robot Games, and take the lead in setting up specialized robot service institutions to become a global benchmark city for human-robot collaboration.

\n

As for the World Humanoid Robot Games, Beijing is hosting the event at the National Speed Skating Oval, known as the "Ice Ribbon". A total of 280 teams from 16 countries, featuring over 500 humanoid robots, will compete in 487 events, including running, basketball, dance, martial arts, and industrial material handling.

\n

The "Panda Eye" training base — the world's first professional venue for humanoid robot football — was recently officially unveiled. Guo Yonghao, executive deputy director of the Games' organizing committee, said its semi-transparent design allows precise control of temperature, humidity, and cleanliness.

\n

The base can create a laboratory-level stable competitive environment for robots while allowing natural sunlight, moonlight, and starlight to shine through, he added.

\n

Located on the southwestern side of the "Ice Ribbon", the ROBOLAND camp is expected to become a future hub for the humanoid robot industry. It is designed to promote domestic and international industrial cooperation and exchange, supporting the sustainable development of the robotics sector.

\n



获取更多RSS:
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", @@ -4405,28 +6693,6 @@ "hash": "2e988ea2eafc2b801b772bf4b16f3222", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "013BUSINESS - Australia eyes big influx of Chinese travelers", - "description": "

China is expected to regain its position as the top source country for Australia's inbound tourism in the near future, a senior executive at Tourism Australia said.

\n

The number of Chinese travelers arriving in Australia was nearly 950,000 between June 2024 and May 2025, a year-on-year increase of 21 percent, making China the fastest-growing international source market for Australia's inbound tourism, Phillipa Harrison, managing director of Tourism Australia, said in an exclusive interview.

\n

China is currently Australia's second-largest market for inbound tourist arrivals, she said.

\n

"The only market that has more visitors is New Zealand, our very close neighbor. So, China is a big market with huge potential, and we are confident to see it continuing to grow over the next period of time," Harrison said.

\n

China was the top provider of inbound foreign tourists for Australia in 2018 and 2019, with around 1.4 million travelers arriving annually. However, it decreased after the COVID-19 pandemic, she said. "Inbound travel from China hasn't returned to its full strength yet."

\n

The Australian tourism authority said it has noticed a trend among Chinese tourists recently — instead of simply sightseeing in the cities, they are now traveling all over the country.

\n

"Chinese travelers are now going outside of the cities. They hire cars and go into much more regional areas. That's the case even for first-time visitors," Harrison said.

\n

For example, Australia's Tasmania State reported that in 2023, the number of Chinese tourists increased by 38 percent compared to the previous year. The export volumes of local cherries and salmon have risen significantly driven by the influx of tourists.

\n

In the Northern Territory, Uluru reported that the number of Chinese tourists has continued to surge, with an expected reach of 30,000 visitors this year. A significant proportion of these tourists are families, even multi-generation ones, who prefer activities like camel rides and helicopter overviews.

\n

Data from online travel agency Trip.com showed that Australia was the top long-haul outbound destination for Chinese travelers during this year's Chinese New Year holiday, with self-driving orders increasing by nearly 22 percent month-on-month.

\n

With the number of travelers in their 20s increasing, the Australian tourism authority said younger individuals seek more adventure-based programs.

\n

"They go out to the mountains, go diving and go hiking, among other activities, which also makes their stay in the country slightly longer than before," Harrison said.

\n

Several travel agencies said that thrilling experiences, such as skydiving, helicopter tours at the Great Barrier Reef and rainforest zip-lining have become popular choices for Chinese tourists visiting Australia.

\n

Chen Ying, a product booking manager at travel portal Ly.com, said that Chinese tourists show a strong interest in skydiving as well as other "once-in-a-lifetime opportunities", and that there has been a notable increase in bookings for hiking, hot air ballooning and nature experiences as well.

\n

zhouwenting@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "content": "

China is expected to regain its position as the top source country for Australia's inbound tourism in the near future, a senior executive at Tourism Australia said.

\n

The number of Chinese travelers arriving in Australia was nearly 950,000 between June 2024 and May 2025, a year-on-year increase of 21 percent, making China the fastest-growing international source market for Australia's inbound tourism, Phillipa Harrison, managing director of Tourism Australia, said in an exclusive interview.

\n

China is currently Australia's second-largest market for inbound tourist arrivals, she said.

\n

"The only market that has more visitors is New Zealand, our very close neighbor. So, China is a big market with huge potential, and we are confident to see it continuing to grow over the next period of time," Harrison said.

\n

China was the top provider of inbound foreign tourists for Australia in 2018 and 2019, with around 1.4 million travelers arriving annually. However, it decreased after the COVID-19 pandemic, she said. "Inbound travel from China hasn't returned to its full strength yet."

\n

The Australian tourism authority said it has noticed a trend among Chinese tourists recently — instead of simply sightseeing in the cities, they are now traveling all over the country.

\n

"Chinese travelers are now going outside of the cities. They hire cars and go into much more regional areas. That's the case even for first-time visitors," Harrison said.

\n

For example, Australia's Tasmania State reported that in 2023, the number of Chinese tourists increased by 38 percent compared to the previous year. The export volumes of local cherries and salmon have risen significantly driven by the influx of tourists.

\n

In the Northern Territory, Uluru reported that the number of Chinese tourists has continued to surge, with an expected reach of 30,000 visitors this year. A significant proportion of these tourists are families, even multi-generation ones, who prefer activities like camel rides and helicopter overviews.

\n

Data from online travel agency Trip.com showed that Australia was the top long-haul outbound destination for Chinese travelers during this year's Chinese New Year holiday, with self-driving orders increasing by nearly 22 percent month-on-month.

\n

With the number of travelers in their 20s increasing, the Australian tourism authority said younger individuals seek more adventure-based programs.

\n

"They go out to the mountains, go diving and go hiking, among other activities, which also makes their stay in the country slightly longer than before," Harrison said.

\n

Several travel agencies said that thrilling experiences, such as skydiving, helicopter tours at the Great Barrier Reef and rainforest zip-lining have become popular choices for Chinese tourists visiting Australia.

\n

Chen Ying, a product booking manager at travel portal Ly.com, said that Chinese tourists show a strong interest in skydiving as well as other "once-in-a-lifetime opportunities", and that there has been a notable increase in bookings for hiking, hot air ballooning and nature experiences as well.

\n

zhouwenting@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_013_689e5364ed50ccabe151791d.htm#013BUSINESS", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "4a61dc4a5130d94e46e3eefc35f8f9a2", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "014BUSINESS - US tracking device claims under lens", "description": "
\n

The US government's reported practice of secretly placing location tracking devices in targeted shipments of advanced chips showcases that it is using all kinds of tactics to implement its export control measures, experts said.

\n

Such moves severely disrupt normal business cooperation and undermine trust in US technologies and products, they added.

\n

The comments came after Reuters quoted anonymous sources as saying that US authorities have secretly placed location tracking devices in targeted shipments of advanced chips they see as being at high risk of unauthorized diversion to China.

\n

Xiang Ligang, director-general of the Zhongguancun Modern Information Consumer Application Industry Technology Alliance, a telecom industry association, said such behavior only fuels Chinese companies' distrust toward US companies such as Nvidia.

\n

Reuters reported that five people actively involved in the AI server supply chain claim they are aware of the use of the trackers in shipments of servers from manufacturers such as Dell and Supermicro, which include chips from Nvidia and AMD.

\n

Xiang said users, not only companies in China, but also clients across the world, may abandon US products over fears of potential risks.

\n

In addition, in late July, the Cyberspace Administration of China summoned Nvidia over alleged security risks concerning its H20 AI chips sold to China.

\n

"The demand for H20 chips was lower than expected, according to the latest feedback of our customers," said a regional manager of a major Chinese information technology distributor, on condition of anonymity.

\n

The manager said that for chips like the H20, demand depends heavily on large corporations, which are reluctant to buy the products from Nvidia.

\n

An engineer at a Chinese internet company, also on condition of anonymity, said: "Cybersecurity is of crucial importance to us. We cannot tolerate any potential risks. Even if H20 chips are available now, we are not that eager to buy."

\n

Last year, the Cyber Security Association of China urged a comprehensive review of products from US tech company Intel, citing recurring cybersecurity vulnerabilities and high failure rates, so as to safeguard the country's national security and protect the rights of Chinese consumers.

\n

On July 26, 2023, the Wuhan Municipal Emergency Management Bureau published a statement that 360 Security Group detected a cyberattack from overseas organizations on its earthquake monitoring center. Some front-end station collection points of seismic reporting data had been implanted with back-door programs.

\n

Lu Chuanying, a professor at the School of Political Science and International Relations at Tongji University, said: "Digital space is a virtual domain where information travels at light speed, defying the conventional boundaries of time and space that govern human society. In doing so, it neutralizes the role of geography in shaping the digital geopolitical landscape.

\n

"China-US relations in the digital sphere have undergone a profound transformation over the years — evolving from initial technological collaboration to strategic decoupling, and escalating from random disputes to systemic geopolitical maneuvering."

\n

The Financial Times reported on Monday that Nvidia has agreed to pay the US government 15 percent of its revenue from H20 chip sales in China as part of a deal to secure export licenses to Beijing.

\n

In response to the report, Nvidia said in a statement to China Daily, "We follow rules the US government sets for our participation in worldwide markets."

\n

Charlie Dai, vice-president and principal analyst at market research company Forrester, said the 15 percent fee agreement starkly underscores how trade tensions drive up market access costs.

\n

masi@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", @@ -4449,28 +6715,6 @@ "hash": "8448185d675841e6d49b858b605f1446", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "015BUSINESS - Robot manufacturers shift focus to greater intelligence", - "description": "

Robots boxing in a ring at the 2025 World Robot Conference in Beijing on Aug 8.

\n

Visitors watch robots play soccer at the 2025 World Robot Conference in Beijing on Aug 8.

\n

BEIJING — Robots that are not only able to run, dance and play soccer, but also sort parts on an assembly line, try their luck at a game of mahjong and even tickle the ivory were once fantasies confined to science fiction novels, but are now a reality that was unfolded at the recent World Robot Conference in Beijing.

\n

The WRC 2025 showcased rapidly advancing embodied intelligence technology, with humanoid robots as the highlight, demonstrating significant progress achieved globally and particularly in China, while the event also served to illuminate a wide range of future commercial application scenarios.

\n

Themed "Making Robots Smarter, Making Embodied Agents More Intelligent," the five-day conference that finished earlier this week featured forums, exhibitions, competitions and networking events — with over 200 robotics companies from around the world showcasing their latest innovations.

\n

Exhibitors at the WRC showed off their latest humanoid robots along with other varieties such as wheeled robots, collaborative robots and quadruped or hexapod robotic dogs, as well as newly developed embodied intelligence models.

\n

Unitree Robotics, based in East China's Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, brought its latest humanoid R1 and quadrupedal A2 automatons to the conference. A crowd favorite was a boxing match by two of the latest upgraded GI robots. The mechanical boxers punched and defended like real human fighters, while getting up to continue even after being knocked down.

\n

Marketing manager at Unitree, Liu Jinda, said the sparring demonstration wasn't just for show. "During boxing, multiple joints need to coordinate with extremely fast reaction times. When subjected to external forces, the robots must quickly regain stability and balance. This practice provides valuable experience for developers to improve robotic performance."

\n

In the exhibition area of Galaxea AI, visitors only needed to say "Please make the bed," and the company's new R1 Lite robot responded by completing the task in a randomly disordered bedroom all by itself.

\n

Galaxea AI chief scientist Zhao Hang said the key to embodied intelligence robots lies in their "brain" — represented by the sophistication of their algorithms. R1 Lite's Vision-Language-Action model uses a single end-to-end architecture to achieve precise control from visual perception to its sophisticated joints, enabling it to perform highly complex, long-sequence tasks like making a bed.

\n

At a conference forum, Ni Guangnan, an academician at the Chinese Academy of Engineering, emphasized that combining robots with AI requires elevating robotic intelligence through "brain-eye-action "coordinated systems — enabling automatons to see, understand and act in the real world.

\n

Unitree CEO Wang Xingxing said that while current robotic hardware is generally sufficient, their AI capabilities still fall far short of industry needs, and developing sufficient embodied intelligence models will be the most critical task for the industry in the future.

\n

China's innovations in embodied intelligence are powered by the robust development of its robotics industry. According to data released at the conference, the country's robotics industry generated nearly 240 billion yuan ($33.4 billion) in revenue in 2024.

\n

In the first half, industrial robot production in China reached 370,000 units while service robot output hit 8.82 million units, representing year-on-year growth of 35.6 percent and 25.5 percent, respectively. China has also been the world's largest industrial robot application market for 12 consecutive years, with its share of the world's newly installed robots increasing from 51 percent in 2023 to 54 percent in 2024.

\n

Rev Lebaredian, vice-president of Omniverse and simulation technology at Nvidia, said in a speech at a forum that China boasts the world's largest pool of top-tier graduates in computer science and AI, while holding a distinct advantage in physical-world tech development. This enables the country to produce robots that are both cost-effective and highly efficient — a capability unmatched by other countries.

\n

Moreover, China possesses not only manufacturing prowess, but also the unique ability to deploy robots at scale and iterate rapidly. By deploying robots in real-world applications and collecting operational data, Chinese developers can continuously optimize robotic systems. This closed-loop improvement capability has become an essential requirement for robotics advancement, and China already enjoys this competitive edge, Lebaredian said.

\n

The embodied intelligence sector, notably, is attracting not only AI innovators, but also traditional industrial robotics companies. At WRC 2025, established players like Siasun and Dobot, once focused on robotic arms and autonomous forklifts, deployed humanoid robots at their most visible displays. With decades of industrial application experience, they are injecting new momentum into the application of embodied intelligence technologies.

\n

At the opening ceremony of the conference, the Chinese Institute of Electronics unveiled 10 most promising application scenarios for humanoid robots, such as automotive manufacturing, petrochemical production inspection, emergency response operations, home services and agricultural tasks.

\n

The Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center showcased the multi-agent and multitasking collaborative capabilities of embodied intelligent robots in industrial scenarios. Some of the robots are responsible for power inspection and others sort parts on assembly lines, while robotic arms in the inspection area automatically identify defective light bulbs.

\n

Several that showcased products at the expo have achieved initial commercialization in the medical and eldercare sectors. For example, a six-legged robotic dog developed by Shanghai Jiao Tong University will provide assistance to vision impaired individuals such as serving as seeing-eye dogs at the upcoming 15th National Games in November, jointly hosted by Guangdong province, Macao and Hong Kong.

\n

Longwood Valley MedTech, meanwhile, introduced its latest orthopedic surgical robot — which enables more precise, minimally invasive and safer surgical procedures, reducing surgery time from around three hours to just 30 minutes. It also minimizes blood loss, accelerates patient recovery, lowers the risk of postoperative complications and cuts medical costs.

\n

Beijing AI-robotics Technology exhibited various wearable exoskeleton robots that can not only help paraplegic individuals stand and walk, but also assist the elderly with stair climbing.

\n

Shuai Mei, the company's founder, said these robots detect both the user's walking intent and terrain conditions, and then use AI algorithms to adapt to the ground and gait in real time, thereby providing appropriate assistance. The company has sold around 1,000 units of its medical and eldercare products, which are now in use in over 300 hospitals nationwide.

\n

Wan Gang, president of the China Association for Science and Technology, said at the conference that China is intensifying its efforts in this cutting-edge and future-oriented industry to spur new consumption, cultivate emerging industries, create jobs, promote economic growth and improve people's lives.

\n

", - "content": "

Robots boxing in a ring at the 2025 World Robot Conference in Beijing on Aug 8.

\n

Visitors watch robots play soccer at the 2025 World Robot Conference in Beijing on Aug 8.

\n

BEIJING — Robots that are not only able to run, dance and play soccer, but also sort parts on an assembly line, try their luck at a game of mahjong and even tickle the ivory were once fantasies confined to science fiction novels, but are now a reality that was unfolded at the recent World Robot Conference in Beijing.

\n

The WRC 2025 showcased rapidly advancing embodied intelligence technology, with humanoid robots as the highlight, demonstrating significant progress achieved globally and particularly in China, while the event also served to illuminate a wide range of future commercial application scenarios.

\n

Themed "Making Robots Smarter, Making Embodied Agents More Intelligent," the five-day conference that finished earlier this week featured forums, exhibitions, competitions and networking events — with over 200 robotics companies from around the world showcasing their latest innovations.

\n

Exhibitors at the WRC showed off their latest humanoid robots along with other varieties such as wheeled robots, collaborative robots and quadruped or hexapod robotic dogs, as well as newly developed embodied intelligence models.

\n

Unitree Robotics, based in East China's Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, brought its latest humanoid R1 and quadrupedal A2 automatons to the conference. A crowd favorite was a boxing match by two of the latest upgraded GI robots. The mechanical boxers punched and defended like real human fighters, while getting up to continue even after being knocked down.

\n

Marketing manager at Unitree, Liu Jinda, said the sparring demonstration wasn't just for show. "During boxing, multiple joints need to coordinate with extremely fast reaction times. When subjected to external forces, the robots must quickly regain stability and balance. This practice provides valuable experience for developers to improve robotic performance."

\n

In the exhibition area of Galaxea AI, visitors only needed to say "Please make the bed," and the company's new R1 Lite robot responded by completing the task in a randomly disordered bedroom all by itself.

\n

Galaxea AI chief scientist Zhao Hang said the key to embodied intelligence robots lies in their "brain" — represented by the sophistication of their algorithms. R1 Lite's Vision-Language-Action model uses a single end-to-end architecture to achieve precise control from visual perception to its sophisticated joints, enabling it to perform highly complex, long-sequence tasks like making a bed.

\n

At a conference forum, Ni Guangnan, an academician at the Chinese Academy of Engineering, emphasized that combining robots with AI requires elevating robotic intelligence through "brain-eye-action "coordinated systems — enabling automatons to see, understand and act in the real world.

\n

Unitree CEO Wang Xingxing said that while current robotic hardware is generally sufficient, their AI capabilities still fall far short of industry needs, and developing sufficient embodied intelligence models will be the most critical task for the industry in the future.

\n

China's innovations in embodied intelligence are powered by the robust development of its robotics industry. According to data released at the conference, the country's robotics industry generated nearly 240 billion yuan ($33.4 billion) in revenue in 2024.

\n

In the first half, industrial robot production in China reached 370,000 units while service robot output hit 8.82 million units, representing year-on-year growth of 35.6 percent and 25.5 percent, respectively. China has also been the world's largest industrial robot application market for 12 consecutive years, with its share of the world's newly installed robots increasing from 51 percent in 2023 to 54 percent in 2024.

\n

Rev Lebaredian, vice-president of Omniverse and simulation technology at Nvidia, said in a speech at a forum that China boasts the world's largest pool of top-tier graduates in computer science and AI, while holding a distinct advantage in physical-world tech development. This enables the country to produce robots that are both cost-effective and highly efficient — a capability unmatched by other countries.

\n

Moreover, China possesses not only manufacturing prowess, but also the unique ability to deploy robots at scale and iterate rapidly. By deploying robots in real-world applications and collecting operational data, Chinese developers can continuously optimize robotic systems. This closed-loop improvement capability has become an essential requirement for robotics advancement, and China already enjoys this competitive edge, Lebaredian said.

\n

The embodied intelligence sector, notably, is attracting not only AI innovators, but also traditional industrial robotics companies. At WRC 2025, established players like Siasun and Dobot, once focused on robotic arms and autonomous forklifts, deployed humanoid robots at their most visible displays. With decades of industrial application experience, they are injecting new momentum into the application of embodied intelligence technologies.

\n

At the opening ceremony of the conference, the Chinese Institute of Electronics unveiled 10 most promising application scenarios for humanoid robots, such as automotive manufacturing, petrochemical production inspection, emergency response operations, home services and agricultural tasks.

\n

The Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center showcased the multi-agent and multitasking collaborative capabilities of embodied intelligent robots in industrial scenarios. Some of the robots are responsible for power inspection and others sort parts on assembly lines, while robotic arms in the inspection area automatically identify defective light bulbs.

\n

Several that showcased products at the expo have achieved initial commercialization in the medical and eldercare sectors. For example, a six-legged robotic dog developed by Shanghai Jiao Tong University will provide assistance to vision impaired individuals such as serving as seeing-eye dogs at the upcoming 15th National Games in November, jointly hosted by Guangdong province, Macao and Hong Kong.

\n

Longwood Valley MedTech, meanwhile, introduced its latest orthopedic surgical robot — which enables more precise, minimally invasive and safer surgical procedures, reducing surgery time from around three hours to just 30 minutes. It also minimizes blood loss, accelerates patient recovery, lowers the risk of postoperative complications and cuts medical costs.

\n

Beijing AI-robotics Technology exhibited various wearable exoskeleton robots that can not only help paraplegic individuals stand and walk, but also assist the elderly with stair climbing.

\n

Shuai Mei, the company's founder, said these robots detect both the user's walking intent and terrain conditions, and then use AI algorithms to adapt to the ground and gait in real time, thereby providing appropriate assistance. The company has sold around 1,000 units of its medical and eldercare products, which are now in use in over 300 hospitals nationwide.

\n

Wan Gang, president of the China Association for Science and Technology, said at the conference that China is intensifying its efforts in this cutting-edge and future-oriented industry to spur new consumption, cultivate emerging industries, create jobs, promote economic growth and improve people's lives.

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_015_689e5386ed50ccabe1517925.htm#015BUSINESS", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "1e3a82dcb402856472e441dd5b3f10f8", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "018LIFE - Drama pushes Chinese sci-fi frontiers", "description": "

Ling Cage, a popular sci-fi animated series, fictionalizes a postapocalyptic world where humans rely on cutting-edge technology to battle catastrophe.

\n

Marc, the protagonist of the franchise.

\n

A scene from the second season featuring Bai Yuekui, a powerful female character, wielding a weapon inspired by Chinese martial arts.

\n

An artistic rendering of a futuristic world.

\n

When Dong Xiangbo was in primary school, his father once caught him skipping homework to watch Dinosaur Corps Koseidon, a popular Japanese sci-fi series. The punishment was swift: a spanking that left the boy in tears. Yet, even as his father scolded him, Dong kept sneaking glances at the TV, where a superhero battled aliens.

\n

Decades later, that childhood moment feels almost prophetic. Today, the 38-year-old director is at the helm of Ling Cage, one of China's most ambitious sci-fi animated series.

\n

The latest, its second season, marks a return to the futuristic world after a six-year hiatus. Since its release, it has racked up over 320 million online views and earned a stellar 8.9 out of 10 on the popular review site Douban.

\n

Set in a postapocalyptic world, Ling Cage envisions humanity on the brink of extinction after a catastrophic geological disaster. The survivors take refuge in a floating fortress governed by draconian laws: emotional bonds are banned, reproduction is strictly controlled to ensure genetic superiority, and the weak are exiled.

\n

Marc, the series' protagonist, was once a commander tasked with retrieving vital supplies like food and medicine from the dangerous surface, overrun by monstrous predators. But after losing his beloved in a scheme engineered by the fortress ruler's son — once his friend and mentor — Marc transforms into one of the very creatures he hunted.

\n

The new season picks up where the first left off, introducing a seemingly utopian village, a stark contrast to the fortress. At first idyllic, with residents enjoying peaceful lives, the settlement is soon revealed to harbor sinister experiments and moral compromises. Marc, still clinging to his human consciousness, embarks on a new adventure to face even greater challenges.

\n

The second season, enhanced by advanced technologies like motion capture, features over 10,000 different shots.

\n

For producer Ruan Rui, also the founder of animation studio YHKT Entertainment, the village's design draws from ancient Chinese philosophy — particularly the belief that human perseverance can overcome even the harshest environments. While sci-fi has long thrived in the West, Ruan says he and his fellow creators have worked hard to develop sci-fi stories rooted in Chinese culture that reflect distinctly Chinese ideas.

\n

Such instances range from characters using martial arts to fight monsters to engaging in typical Chinese pastimes like playing mahjong, eating hotpot, and gathering elderly villagers for square dancing as a form of exercise.

\n

When the idea for the franchise emerged around 2015 or 2016, global tensions also shaped its themes. "We originally wanted to explore how people from different countries could unite and work together to confront a global crisis," Ruan explains.

\n

Director Dong, also the cofounder of Wuhan-based YHKT Entertainment, says it took them four years to produce the second season. It aims to delve deeper into thought-provoking sci-fi themes — such as the limits of human potential and whether social systems trap us in patterns that are hard to escape.

\n

A self-taught animator, Dong traces his passion back to a chance encounter in an internet cafe where he saw a middle-aged man creating animations on a computer. Fascinated, Dong bought nearly every animation book he could find and taught himself when he was in college.

\n

Fueled by his interest in sci-fi — from classics by British novelist Arthur C. Clarke to works by Asia's first Hugo Award winner Liu Cixin, as well as Hollywood blockbusters like Canadian director Denis Villeneuve's Arrival (2016) — Dong says he aims to blend universal sci-fi themes with Chinese cultural elements, even weaving acupuncture into the story.

\n

Now leading his team in writing the script for the third season, Dong says he visited several research institutions, including the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, consulting experts on incorporating cutting-edge ideas such as brain-computer interfaces to make the new season even more compelling.

\n

"We hope that, through more high-quality scifi animated projects like the Ling Cage franchise, Chinese animators can elevate the global recognition of domestic animation and earn a place alongside top players in countries like the United States and Japan," says Dong.

\n

Contact the writer at xufan@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", @@ -4493,28 +6737,6 @@ "hash": "3f5db2697b251c585b6fd610535ae22a", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "020SPORTS - GIVEN A SPORTING CHANCE", - "description": "

From left: Ukrainian dragon boaters celebrate victory in the eight-seat 500m final; France's Eloan Hitz in action during the men's freestyle parkour competition; Nursultan Duisenkulov from Kazakhstan (left) battles with Denmark's Lucas Andersen during the men's ju-jitsu 77kg fighting final.

\n

Switzerland's Kim Sprenger returns the ball during the women's fistball final between Brazil and Switzerland at Tianfu Park in Chengdu, Sichuan province, on Wednesday.

\n

Wang Xuanxuan of China on the attack against Germany during the group stage of the ultimate flying disc competition.

\n

Clockwise from above: Floorball, wushu, lacrosse and beach handball are among the many niche sports at the Chengdu World Games that have enjoyed greater exposure on the global stage. Many sports have put their hands up for Olympic inclusion, and lacrosse will be part of the program for the 2028 Games in Los Angeles.

\n

Diversity shines at the 2025 World Games, as regional, niche sports have found new fans, fresh talent and a high-profile stage in Chengdu.

\n

The world's largest international multisport gala to feature mainly non-Olympic events has shed new light on disciplines once on the periphery of the global sporting mainstream, bringing more exposure to trending urban exercises and some of the "newcomers" on the LA28 Olympic program.

\n

Flag football, a non-contact variant of American football, in which defenders stop plays by pulling a flag attached to their opponent's waist, turned heads in Chengdu on Thursday with an eight-nation women's tournament grabbing international attention ahead of its Olympic debut in Los Angeles.

\n

New Olympic sports such as lacrosse and squash have also made a strong impression. Five of the 12-athlete Chinese women's lacrosse squad hail from Chengdu University, drawing quite an enthusiastic fan following from the local community.

\n

After watching her sport contested against blue-glass walls employing low-cost, recyclable materials, World Squash Federation president Zena Wooldridge was left intrigued. "The venue is superb, with high-quality courts. Players are going home with wonderful memories of Chengdu," she said.

\n

Some sports with Chinese origin are also making their presence felt among the global audience. Modern dragon boat racing, now featuring lightweight craft and mixed-gender crews, drew strong competition.

\n

Despite China's strong heritage in the sport, Indonesia topped the podium, claiming three titles, while Ukraine and Thailand also struck gold, underscoring the sport's widening global reach.

\n

Martial arts reinforced its Olympic ambitions. "The level is incredibly close now — it's no longer one dominant force, but many flourishing together," noted International Wushu Federation secretary-general Zhang Yuping. With its inclusion in the Dakar 2026 Youth Olympics, wushu's international promotion marked a major milestone, while the Chengdu showcase certainly has given it a further push.

\n

The trend extends to water sports, where Chinese wake surfer Zhuang Tiancai's silver-medal finish in the men's skim final on Aug 10 highlighted the trending outdoor sport's booming popularity. His Guangdong surfing club, founded in 2022, now has more than 100 members.

\n

"Three years ago, there were hardly any surfing clubs in Guangdong," Zhuang said. "Now there are more than a dozen. My partners and I are planning to open another branch."

\n

Official figures show China now has more than 300 water-surfing clubs with hundreds of thousands of participants.

\n

International World Games Association president Jose Perurena Lopez stressed the Games' role as a gateway: "We represent sports recognized by the IOC, but not yet in the Olympics. Some may graduate to the Olympics program."

\n

"The mentality of younger people has changed. In my time, all the focus was on the Olympic disciplines; now, the new generation embraces diverse sports," he said.

\n

", - "content": "

From left: Ukrainian dragon boaters celebrate victory in the eight-seat 500m final; France's Eloan Hitz in action during the men's freestyle parkour competition; Nursultan Duisenkulov from Kazakhstan (left) battles with Denmark's Lucas Andersen during the men's ju-jitsu 77kg fighting final.

\n

Switzerland's Kim Sprenger returns the ball during the women's fistball final between Brazil and Switzerland at Tianfu Park in Chengdu, Sichuan province, on Wednesday.

\n

Wang Xuanxuan of China on the attack against Germany during the group stage of the ultimate flying disc competition.

\n

Clockwise from above: Floorball, wushu, lacrosse and beach handball are among the many niche sports at the Chengdu World Games that have enjoyed greater exposure on the global stage. Many sports have put their hands up for Olympic inclusion, and lacrosse will be part of the program for the 2028 Games in Los Angeles.

\n

Diversity shines at the 2025 World Games, as regional, niche sports have found new fans, fresh talent and a high-profile stage in Chengdu.

\n

The world's largest international multisport gala to feature mainly non-Olympic events has shed new light on disciplines once on the periphery of the global sporting mainstream, bringing more exposure to trending urban exercises and some of the "newcomers" on the LA28 Olympic program.

\n

Flag football, a non-contact variant of American football, in which defenders stop plays by pulling a flag attached to their opponent's waist, turned heads in Chengdu on Thursday with an eight-nation women's tournament grabbing international attention ahead of its Olympic debut in Los Angeles.

\n

New Olympic sports such as lacrosse and squash have also made a strong impression. Five of the 12-athlete Chinese women's lacrosse squad hail from Chengdu University, drawing quite an enthusiastic fan following from the local community.

\n

After watching her sport contested against blue-glass walls employing low-cost, recyclable materials, World Squash Federation president Zena Wooldridge was left intrigued. "The venue is superb, with high-quality courts. Players are going home with wonderful memories of Chengdu," she said.

\n

Some sports with Chinese origin are also making their presence felt among the global audience. Modern dragon boat racing, now featuring lightweight craft and mixed-gender crews, drew strong competition.

\n

Despite China's strong heritage in the sport, Indonesia topped the podium, claiming three titles, while Ukraine and Thailand also struck gold, underscoring the sport's widening global reach.

\n

Martial arts reinforced its Olympic ambitions. "The level is incredibly close now — it's no longer one dominant force, but many flourishing together," noted International Wushu Federation secretary-general Zhang Yuping. With its inclusion in the Dakar 2026 Youth Olympics, wushu's international promotion marked a major milestone, while the Chengdu showcase certainly has given it a further push.

\n

The trend extends to water sports, where Chinese wake surfer Zhuang Tiancai's silver-medal finish in the men's skim final on Aug 10 highlighted the trending outdoor sport's booming popularity. His Guangdong surfing club, founded in 2022, now has more than 100 members.

\n

"Three years ago, there were hardly any surfing clubs in Guangdong," Zhuang said. "Now there are more than a dozen. My partners and I are planning to open another branch."

\n

Official figures show China now has more than 300 water-surfing clubs with hundreds of thousands of participants.

\n

International World Games Association president Jose Perurena Lopez stressed the Games' role as a gateway: "We represent sports recognized by the IOC, but not yet in the Olympics. Some may graduate to the Olympics program."

\n

"The mentality of younger people has changed. In my time, all the focus was on the Olympic disciplines; now, the new generation embraces diverse sports," he said.

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/15/content_020_689e53b0ed50ccabe151792f.htm#020SPORTS", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "e850e88f2712519ac19eebe2ff5ecb11", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "001FRONT - Momentum builds in A-share market", "description": "

The signs of a bull run are slowly but steadily emerging in China's A-share market, underpinned by ongoing structural reforms and sustained long-term capital inflows. Experts said the developing rally is expected to gain further traction on the back of policy support and a gradually improving external environment.

\n

Their remarks came on Wednesday as the benchmark Shanghai Composite Index rose for an eighth straight session, climbing 0.48 percent to close at 3,683.46 — its highest level since December 2021.

\n

The Shenzhen Component Index gained 1.76 percent, while the tech-heavy ChiNext surged 3.62 percent. The total turnover on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges topped 2.1 trillion yuan ($292.69 billion) — a 13.5 percent increase from the previous day.

\n

Investor enthusiasm is surging on both the institutional and retail fronts. July witnessed a record monthly number of new mutual fund launches, reflecting rising interest among households in equity assets as returns from traditional savings and wealth management products continue to decline. Total assets under management in public mutual funds have now exceeded 34 trillion yuan.

\n

Insurance companies are also ramping up their presence in the A-share market. The number of public disclosures triggered by insurers' equity holdings surpassing the 5 percent threshold has already exceeded last year's total. Analysts said insurers are increasingly focusing on companies from the emerging industries and advanced manufacturing sectors, supporting China's shift toward high-quality development.

\n

Yang Delong, chief economist at First Seafront Fund, said that insurance companies have played an increasingly stabilizing role in the A-share market by boosting their equity allocations. He noted that insurers have recently focused more of their research on companies engaged in new quality productive forces, a move that supports China's broader push to upgrade its real economy and enhance long-term investment value.

\n

Retail investor participation is also rising. Nearly 14.6 million individual trading accounts were opened in the first seven months of 2025, a 37 percent year-on-year increase, according to data provider Wind Info.

\n

Furthermore, foreign investors have been steadily increasing their exposure to Chinese equities, including A-shares and Hong Kong-listed stocks. Net foreign inflows totaled $2.7 billion in July, more than double the level in June, according to a recent report by Morgan Stanley.

\n

Analysts said the macro environment is becoming increasingly favorable for Chinese equities. Expectations of a weaker US dollar and potential interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve are improving the outlook for emerging markets. The narrowing interest rate differential between China and the United States could further accelerate foreign capital inflows.

\n

Hong Hao, chief investment officer at Lotus Asset Management, said the upward momentum of Chinese stocks will sustain for a long time if the US dollar's weakness proves to be a multiyear trend. Also, the Chinese market has been increasingly resilient in the face of negative tariff headlines.

\n

Given the current favorable liquidity conditions in the Chinese market and the fear-of-missing-out sentiment, any corrections in the A-share market are likely to be quickly absorbed by buyers, he added.

\n

Zhu Liang, chief investment officer at AllianceBernstein China, said that despite strong gains in recent weeks — with the Shanghai Composite Index up nearly 7 percent and the Shenzhen Component Index up more than 10 percent since July — valuations in the A-share market remain attractive.

\n

Sounding a word of caution, some experts said that risk appetite in the A-share market may be suppressed by factors such as changes in tariff talks between China and the US, as well as domestic challenges facing the Chinese economy.

\n

He Kang, chief strategy analyst at Huatai Securities, said that there are still challenges regarding China's economic recovery, as efforts by policymakers to create a fairer competition environment may take time to show effect, and this may affect the profitability outlook of A-share companies.

\n

shijing@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", @@ -4537,28 +6759,6 @@ "hash": "584f7dcc9e76a11168fe374e80c8d30b", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "004CHINA - Robots geared up", - "description": "

Competitors from the Netherlands carry their robots onto the field for adjustments and training at Beijing's National Speed Skating Oval on Tuesday, ahead of the 2025 World Humanoid Robot Games. The event is being held from Thursday to Sunday, with over 500 humanoid robots competing in 26 events and 538 competitions.

\n

", - "content": "

Competitors from the Netherlands carry their robots onto the field for adjustments and training at Beijing's National Speed Skating Oval on Tuesday, ahead of the 2025 World Humanoid Robot Games. The event is being held from Thursday to Sunday, with over 500 humanoid robots competing in 26 events and 538 competitions.

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/14/content_004_689cfcabed50ccabe15177e8.htm#004CHINA", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Thu, 14 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "c8313c0ff008b2699ff3d67f42c6898b", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "005CHINA - DPP slammed for selling out Taiwan", "description": "

A Chinese mainland spokeswoman on Wednesday criticized the Lai Ching-te administration in Taiwan for prioritizing political self-interest over public welfare, following recent polls showing Lai's approval ratings were the lowest they've been since he took office last year.

\n

The surveys, including one from Formosa Publishing and other "pro-independence" institutions in Taiwan, indicated a significant drop in satisfaction with Lai's performance, with dissatisfaction and distrust both exceeding 50 percent.

\n

This decline in approval comes as Taiwan society expresses dissatisfaction over the United States' recent announcement of a 20 percent tariff on most of Taiwan's exports. This rate is higher than the 15 percent export tariff imposed on Japan and South Korea, which are major competitors to Taiwan, posing a substantial challenge for Taiwan businesses.

\n

In response, the Lai administration of the island stated that the tariff rates are still negotiable and mentioned the possibility of increasing investments in the US by an additional $400 billion, sparking criticism in Taiwan.

\n

At the same time, the US reportedly planned to impose a 100 per-cent tariff on semiconductor imports while announcing that Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, the island's pillar industry, will invest $300 billion in the US to build the world's largest wafer factory in Arizona.

\n

Zhu Fenglian, spokeswoman for the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council, accused the Democratic Progressive Party-led administration of having "no bottom line" in selling out Taiwan and being obedient in its response to US demands. She noted that the proposed $400 billion investment equates to half of Taiwan's annual GDP.

\n

Zhu said that the DPP's willingness to hand over TSMC and allow the US to extract value from Taiwan's advantageous industries demonstrated a lack of commitment and capability to safeguard Taiwan's economic development and the welfare of its people.

\n

She said that Taiwan could have mitigated rising external risks and uncertainties by strengthening economic cooperation with the mainland. Instead, she accused the DPP of harboring a misguided desire for "independence" through reliance on external forces, ultimately harming Taiwan's development interests.

\n

Meanwhile, Hsiao Hsu-tsen, executive director of the Taiwan-based Ma Ying-jeou Culture and Education Foundation, criticized the Lai administration for its inadequate response to the southern Taiwan floods last month, noting that many residents remain without proper resettlement, leading to widespread public discontent.

\n

Hsiao accused the ineffective Lai administration of focusing on political ideology to divide the island facing the severe impact of the tariff increase on Taiwan's industries and people's livelihoods.

\n

"This kind of government is an 'internal hostile force' for the Taiwan people, and people should reject the DPP and Lai," he said.

\n

Zou Zhiqiang, deputy secretary-general of the US-based Alliance for China's Peaceful Reunification, said the recent rejection of Lai's planned "transit" through New York by the US indicated the country was unwilling to damage Sino-US relations over Taiwan, disproving the DPP's claim of a "rock-solid" relationship with the US.

\n

Zou said that Taiwan is not a core interest for the US and is seen merely as a pawn that could be discarded at any moment.

\n

zhangyi1@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", @@ -4581,28 +6781,6 @@ "hash": "221252a50569f6aa990c695a5a6b6d9e", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "005CHINA - Plateau's carbon gains fragile", - "description": "

With the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau experiencing an increasingly warmer and wetter climate, soil carbon storage is expected to rise, according to a recent study. However, this increase is fragile and can be easily undermined by extreme events tied to global warming and human activities.

\n

"The total carbon sink of the ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau now accounts for around 15 percent of the nation's," said Wang Tao, corresponding author of the study published in academic journal Nature Communications. Wang, a researcher at the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, emphasized the significance of understanding the plateau's carbon storage potential to support China's dual carbon goals — peaking carbon emissions before 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality before 2060.

\n

The study revealed that the soil carbon pool on the plateau constitutes over 90 percent of its total ecosystem carbon pool, serving as the cornerstone that supports the plateau's ecological security barrier function.

\n

The research team conducted a systematic grid-based soil sampling campaign across the plateau, using multi-source observational data, including 4,170 soil profiles and long-term controlled incubation experiments, to develop an observation-constrained soil carbon cycle model. This model projects climate change impacts on the plateau's soil carbon stocks.

\n

"Previous studies often relied on field infrared warming experiments to simulate the impacts of climate warming on changes in soil carbon stocks, but these approaches have inherent limitations," Wang said.

\n

He noted that such experiments are costly and typically control only temperature as a single variable, neglecting interactions among multiple climate factors. In addition, regional sensitivity to warming varies significantly across the plateau, resulting in high uncertainty when extrapolating results to broader scales, Wang said.

\n

To address the challenges, the study analyzed 0-to-1-meter depth soil samples which were extracted from 2019 to 2022 — a layer storing over half of the plateau's total soil carbon — from diverse regions. By integrating experimental data into the model, the team revealed the plateau-wide response mechanism of soil carbon stocks to warming.

\n

The study found that as the climate gets warmer and wetter, it is expected to positively influence vegetation growth and enhance soil carbon accumulation. However, more than half the newly accumulated carbon will be in active or non-protected forms, making it highly sensitive to extreme global-warming events and grazing disturbances.

\n

"The permafrost regions of the plateau constitute one of its largest terrestrial carbon pools. However, accelerating permafrost thaw under climate change can trigger abrupt thermokarst collapse, rapidly releasing previously sequestered carbon. This vulnerability is particularly prominent in soils with non-protected forms," Wang said, warning that such releases could offset over half the carbon gains from climate mitigation efforts.

\n

The study also synthesized 296 field grazing experiments from across the plateau, finding that if previous overgrazing management practices continue, grazing-induced carbon losses will almost entirely offset climate-driven carbon gains. Wang stressed the importance of effective grazing management, suggesting rotational grazing systems or restoring traditional nomadic practices to enable grassland regeneration.

\n

limenghan@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "content": "

With the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau experiencing an increasingly warmer and wetter climate, soil carbon storage is expected to rise, according to a recent study. However, this increase is fragile and can be easily undermined by extreme events tied to global warming and human activities.

\n

"The total carbon sink of the ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau now accounts for around 15 percent of the nation's," said Wang Tao, corresponding author of the study published in academic journal Nature Communications. Wang, a researcher at the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, emphasized the significance of understanding the plateau's carbon storage potential to support China's dual carbon goals — peaking carbon emissions before 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality before 2060.

\n

The study revealed that the soil carbon pool on the plateau constitutes over 90 percent of its total ecosystem carbon pool, serving as the cornerstone that supports the plateau's ecological security barrier function.

\n

The research team conducted a systematic grid-based soil sampling campaign across the plateau, using multi-source observational data, including 4,170 soil profiles and long-term controlled incubation experiments, to develop an observation-constrained soil carbon cycle model. This model projects climate change impacts on the plateau's soil carbon stocks.

\n

"Previous studies often relied on field infrared warming experiments to simulate the impacts of climate warming on changes in soil carbon stocks, but these approaches have inherent limitations," Wang said.

\n

He noted that such experiments are costly and typically control only temperature as a single variable, neglecting interactions among multiple climate factors. In addition, regional sensitivity to warming varies significantly across the plateau, resulting in high uncertainty when extrapolating results to broader scales, Wang said.

\n

To address the challenges, the study analyzed 0-to-1-meter depth soil samples which were extracted from 2019 to 2022 — a layer storing over half of the plateau's total soil carbon — from diverse regions. By integrating experimental data into the model, the team revealed the plateau-wide response mechanism of soil carbon stocks to warming.

\n

The study found that as the climate gets warmer and wetter, it is expected to positively influence vegetation growth and enhance soil carbon accumulation. However, more than half the newly accumulated carbon will be in active or non-protected forms, making it highly sensitive to extreme global-warming events and grazing disturbances.

\n

"The permafrost regions of the plateau constitute one of its largest terrestrial carbon pools. However, accelerating permafrost thaw under climate change can trigger abrupt thermokarst collapse, rapidly releasing previously sequestered carbon. This vulnerability is particularly prominent in soils with non-protected forms," Wang said, warning that such releases could offset over half the carbon gains from climate mitigation efforts.

\n

The study also synthesized 296 field grazing experiments from across the plateau, finding that if previous overgrazing management practices continue, grazing-induced carbon losses will almost entirely offset climate-driven carbon gains. Wang stressed the importance of effective grazing management, suggesting rotational grazing systems or restoring traditional nomadic practices to enable grassland regeneration.

\n

limenghan@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/14/content_005_689cfccced50ccabe15177f0.htm#005CHINA", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Thu, 14 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "2f83f6689d30a6f3c9f49e9e34c95921", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "008COMMENT - US annual human rights circus show exposes its hypocrisy and political bias", "description": "

The US Department of State released its annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices on Tuesday, about three months later than usual. However, the additional time has not been spent improving the content to align with facts, but instead on reducing it to about one-third the length of last year's reports.

\n

The tremendous amount of reediting work that has been done is to ensure that the reports conform with the US administration's policies, even though the State Department has described it as an effort to make the reports more "streamlined", "more readable" and adhering more closely to what's required to be in them by law.

\n

For instance, the agency removed whole categories of violations not "explicitly required by statute", including gender-based violence and environmental justice. The deleted material includes issues widely regarded as fundamental rights under international law, such as the right to a fair public trial, as National Public Radio observed in a report.

\n

According to a State Department memo the US media obtained about the editing of the reports, editors were ordered to remove references to diversity, equity, and inclusion, sexual violence against children and violation of privacy.

\n

Even though the US administration insists it remains committed to defending human rights, the "minimalist rewrite", as some US lawmakers put it, fundamentally serves the US' domestic politics, and might not comply with domestic law, which requires a "full and complete" accounting of internationally recognized human rights.

\n

The United States has compiled these reports on every country in the world since the 1970s. The reports, which are invariably patchwork based on carefully selected "reported facts", constitute grave interference in other countries' internal affairs, and the practice is widely criticized by the international community.

\n

That Congress still relies on these assessments to shape decisions on foreign aid and weapons sales clearly demonstrates the reports' politicized nature. Human rights protection is only an excuse for the US to justify its interventionist foreign policies as well as weaponized sanctions that have no legitimate basis in international law.

\n

The irony is that human rights are essentially a privilege enjoyed only by a few in the US. Racial discrimination, inequality, and forced repatriations and deportations are just the tip of the iceberg.

\n

In February, the US president signed an executive order pulling the country out of the United Nations Human Rights Council again, unwarrantedly citing "political bias", particularly against Israel, and the agency's alleged "failure" to adequately address human rights abuses globally as due cause.

\n

But the reality is it is the US that applies "political bias" on human rights issues, and it is the US that is actually, overtly or covertly, behind many human rights abuses and humanitarian crises around the world, such as the one unfolding in Gaza.

\n

The US baselessly criticizes China over so-called human rights issues related to the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region in the reports. If the US administration truly cares about the human rights of Muslims, why does it turn a blind eye to the hell on earth in Gaza? Why does it turn a blind eye to the historical injustices suffered by the Palestinian people? These are questions the Chinese ambassador to the UN raised recently at a UN gathering, toward which his US counterpart was as mute as a fish.

\n

The US withdrew from the United Nations human rights body in 2018 — on similar grounds, in disregard of the fact that its cutting off funding to the agency will seriously affect many of its critical humanitarian aid projects in the least developed countries.

\n

No wonder the extent to which the US government can manipulate the concept of "human rights" to suit its own policy changes has even made many ardent supporters of the US' weaponization of human rights dumbstruck. Many so-called bedrock principles of human rights, such as those related to gender, the environment, race and judicial justice, that have been taken for granted by generations of human rights advocates as the foundation of the US beacon, have bitten the dust.

\n

As such, the reports are naturally devoid of credibility. Instead of showing the US as being principled, they only serve to expose its hypocrisy and double standards on the issue. Using human rights as a political tool undermines humanity's core values and basic principles. It also poses serious risks, such as its potential to escalate conflicts and jeopardize cooperation on pressing global issues. Exercising political bias on human rights, the US only exacerbates the global turbulence with its latest annual human rights circus show.

\n

", @@ -4625,28 +6803,6 @@ "hash": "d9cfc6fd921e83ebf260f3675c6a82ff", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "字节跳动斥巨资打造的《Python知识手册》高清PDF版,让你一本手册搞懂python!", - "description": "今天我要把我参与编写的这套《Python知识手册》免费分享出来,真正弘扬Python开源精神!", - "content": "None", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/BrgFFKvksnXV4NwC4PF6Wg", - "creator": "python开发工程师", - "pubDate": "Sun, 03 Aug 2025 08:00:00 ", - "enclosure": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/Nc53lZXDjZw068qWticKl4JdkfmiazQHeMkPZVHDAQnXXIZKWnQQaNCoZYkzic0QJho39wQzosVzuOg5Mlk1KxuDQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "enclosureType": "image/jpeg", - "image": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/Nc53lZXDjZw068qWticKl4JdkfmiazQHeMkPZVHDAQnXXIZKWnQQaNCoZYkzic0QJho39wQzosVzuOg5Mlk1KxuDQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "id": "2247511473_2", - "language": "", - "folder": "IT技术", - "feed": "python开发工程师", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "6cea881cd93419f46e44b469fdb8c61a", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "非常喜欢python!读懂这三本书,学python事半功倍。", "description": "非常喜欢python我非常喜欢python,在前面5年里,它一直是我热衷使用并不断研究的语言,迄今为止,pyt", @@ -5355,28 +7511,6 @@ "image": "http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/La6QLcCe4Doibae1STGe3I39aibzAzIZNBjGRFdk85bqNbz87WVTczd2ek4ibyAcX0hbRpic4XFUdLchgqwSspnQIg/0?wx_fmt=png", "description": "", "items": [ - { - "title": "关于幼儿园幼儿血铅异常问题,甘肃省最新通报!", - "description": "关于幼儿园幼儿血铅异常问题,甘肃省最新通报!", - "content": "
\n

\n \n 据央视新闻报道,7月20日,甘肃省天水市政府网站发布《天水市麦积区褐石培心幼儿园血铅异常幼儿后续治疗及服务保障工作方案》。《方案》将2024年4月23日至2025年6月30日在褐石培心幼儿园就学的251名幼儿、2024年毕业的48名幼儿及29名在园教职工,因本次事件导致血铅异常的后续治疗、康复、教育,纳入保障范围。\n \n

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\n \n \n Health authorities said all affected children received treatment, with nearly all now discharged after their blood lead levels dropped by around 40 percent on average. The government is covering medical costs and has set up a monitoring program to track the children's recovery.\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 图源:央视新闻截图\n \n \n
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\n \n 7月12日,甘肃省成立省委省政府调查组,提级调查天水市麦积区褐石培心幼儿园幼儿血铅异常问题。调查组由省委省政府主要负责同志为组长,省纪委监委、省教育厅、省公安厅、省生态环境厅、省卫生健康委、省市场监管局等部门参加,并请生态环境部、国家卫生健康委等部委专家参与。国务院食安办派出工作组指导督办。\n \n

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\n \n \n \n 来看甘肃省最新通报详情\n \n \n \n

\n

\n \n \n 纪委监委对检测数据失真等全面调查\n \n \n

\n

\n \n 甘肃省纪委监委针对褐石培心幼儿园幼儿血铅异常、省疾控中心血铅检测数据严重失真、天水市第二人民医院违规修改血铅检验数据问题及原因,全面开展调查。\n \n

\n

\n \n 调查发现,天水市麦积区教育局对褐石培心幼儿园未取得办学许可证即公开招生的行为视而不见,近两年对民办幼儿园食品安全未安排部署、未开展培训、未检查排查,主抓学前教育的干部涉嫌接受李某芳利益输送,分管行政审批的副局长2023年12月违规接受李某芳宴请。麦积区市场监管局对该园每季度的食品安全检查流于形式,未及时发现非法添加颜料问题;褐石培心幼儿园所在地社棠镇市场监管所监管人员违规接受李某芳宴请并收受购物卡,放弃职守。调查发现,麦积区教育局局长何旭、区市场监管局局长张海斌还涉嫌收受他人贿赂。纪检监察机关已对何旭、张海斌等5人立案审查调查。\n \n

\n

\n \n 调查发现,甘肃省疾控中心在接受该重大紧急任务后,没有引起重视,组织管理不力,主要负责人简单随意安排血铅检测工作,检测人员严重违反操作规程,导致检测结果严重失真。后又通过多种方式逃避责任、阻碍调查。调查发现,该中心党委书记王文军、主任孙建云、理化实验室主任李拥军还涉嫌存在其他违纪违法问题。纪检监察机关已对王文军、孙建云、李拥军等7人立案审查调查。\n \n

\n

\n \n 调查发现,天水市第二人民医院内部管理混乱,检验科违规修改血铅检验数据,医院对此失管失察,相关人员严重失职渎职。调查发现,该医院有关负责人还涉嫌存在其他违纪违法问题。纪检监察机关已对该医院院长唐志锋、副院长周朝晖等5人立案审查调查。\n \n

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\n \n \n Seventeen officials have been placed under disciplinary investigation, and 10 others, including senior health and education officials in Tianshui city and its Maiji district, Gansu province, face formal accountability procedures, according to a report released on Sunday.\n \n \n

\n

\n \n \n Authorities said the kindergarten was operating without a license and that local education and market supervision departments failed to carry out oversight. Some officials are suspected of accepting bribes and favors from the kindergarten's investor. Disciplinary and criminal investigations have been launched against officials, including the head of the provincial health commission and the mayor of Tianshui.\n \n \n

\n

\n \n \n 褐石培心幼儿园园长等6人被逮捕\n \n \n

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\n \n 经公安机关查明,天水市麦积区褐石培心幼儿园厨师贺某霞先后于2024年4月23日、2025年2月20日两次通过网购平台,以6.12元/100g的价格购买黄色颜料1200g、以6.12元/100g的价格购买红色颜料1000g、以6.88元/100g的价格购买绿色颜料900g。厨师牛某元、文某芳在上述颜料外包装明确标识“不可食用”的情况下,将颜料掺入面粉用于制作玉米卷肠包、三色红枣发糕,从2024年5月至案发,平均每月6次向幼儿和教职员工提供食用。经送专业机构检测,幼儿园餐食留样中,玉米卷肠包、三色红枣发糕铅含量分别为1340mg/kg、1052mg/kg,严重超标。\n \n

\n

\n \n 经查,2024年初,褐石培心幼儿园园长朱某琳为提高幼儿园招生吸引力,想通过增强食品色泽度和美观性,来吸引幼儿喜爱和家长认可,经投资人李某芳同意,授意厨师贺某霞购买颜料添加制作食品,同步拍摄照片、视频,并持续组织在微信群和朋友圈传发。园长朱某琳在幼儿园就餐时也食用添加了颜料的食品,经检测,其血铅值为169.3μg/L。另据调查,该幼儿园曾购买使用天然果蔬粉(食用色素),价格为5.04元/100g,较颜料价格低,但使用比较后认为掺入颜料更鲜亮。\n \n

\n

\n \n 朱某琳、李某芳、文某芳、贺某霞、牛某元、安某玲等人在食品制作中掺入有毒、有害的非食品原料,致使褐石培心幼儿园幼儿和教职员工血铅异常,其行为涉嫌构成生产有毒、有害食品罪。目前,案件主要事实已查清,涉案财物已查封扣押,公安机关已对朱某琳、李某芳等6名犯罪嫌疑人依法执行逮捕,对2名犯罪嫌疑人刑事拘留,对3名犯罪嫌疑人取保候审。案件正在进一步侦办中。\n \n

\n

\n \n \n Authorities found that the kindergarten's management had instructed staff to add brightly colored but inedible industrial pigments to foods such as corn rolls and jujube cakes (steamed buns), to make them look more appealing to children and parents.\n \n \n

\n

\n \n \n Two samples from Peixin — a tricolor red date sponge cake served at breakfast and a corn roll with sausage served at dinner — failed to meet food safety standards. The samples contained lead levels of 1,052 milligrams per kilogram and 1,340 milligrams per kilogram, respectively, far above the national limit of 0.5 milligram per kilogram.\n \n \n

\n

\n \n \n On Sunday, officials revealed in a report that six had been arrested on suspicion of producing toxic and harmful food.\n \n \n

\n

\n \n \n \n 甘肃疾控违反操作规程致结果严重失真\n \n \n \n

\n

\n \n 调查认为,天水市第二人民医院及其检验科管理混乱,岗位职责落实不到位,实验室质量控制执行不到位,相关检验人员缺乏系统性培训,该复检的未复检且直接修改检验结果,严重违反职业操守,严重违反《医疗机构管理条例实施细则》《医疗机构临床实验室管理办法》《血铅临床检验技术规范》《医疗机构从业人员行为规范》等相关规定。调查还发现,该院检验科此前也存在违规修改血铅检验数据的问题,纪检监察机关正在深入调查中。\n \n

\n

\n \n 调查认为,甘肃省疾控中心对重大任务不重视,质控体系不完善,应急检测技术评估不充分,检测操作不规范;对生物样品检测方法在精密度、准确度等关键指标方面没有严格质量控制管理要求;对本次血铅样本检测在方法有效性、数据合理性、原始记录、质控措施、报告数据等方面未进行严格审核把关;开展血铅检测任务前,在人员能力经验、质控样品、新建检测方法等方面未对检测任务进行充分评估;未制定相应的质量控制措施,包括样品加标、平行测量、异常值复测等。\n \n

\n

\n \n \n 甘肃公布血铅异常幼儿诊治情况\n \n \n

\n

\n \n 天水市麦积区褐石培心幼儿园在园幼儿251名、教职员工34名,按照应检尽检的原则,已全部进行血铅检验,其中血铅异常幼儿247名(包括7月8日后血铅复检新增14人)、血铅异常教职员工28名。渭北、慈爱、蒙迪爱3家幼儿园共有在园幼儿526名、教职员工67名,按照自愿原则,已检验在园幼儿407名、教职员工66名,血铅检验结果均正常。\n \n

\n

\n \n 截至7月20日12时,247名血铅异常患儿均得到住院治疗或居家营养干预。住院治疗的235人,已完成第一疗程出院234人、在院1人。经专家组研判,治疗后血铅检测值较治疗前平均下降40.21%,治疗效果达到预期。\n \n

\n

\n \n 针对甘肃通报\n \n

\n

\n \n 血铅异常问题调查处置情况,\n \n

\n

\n \n \n 人民日报20日晚在微博发表评论写道:\n \n \n

\n

\n \n 要对牵涉的部门和人员违规违纪违法问题深挖彻查,也要举一反三,全面加强各级各类学校食品安全日常监督检查,集中开展医疗卫生系统专项整治,对存在的问题坚决整改、彻底整改,坚决防止类似问题发生。后续要倾情倾力做好患儿治疗和服务保障,全心全意守护群众健康安全。\n \n

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\n \n \n 综合来源:央视新闻、新华社、CHINADAILY 人民日报等\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 编辑:张语迎、王杏薇\n \n \n

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\n \n 2025年7月1日上午,中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席、中央财经委员会主任习近平主持召开中央财经委员会第六次会议,明确提出“打造海洋特色文化和旅游目的地”,为海洋文化和旅游发展指引了方向。打造海洋特色文化和旅游目的地,是从需求侧入手完善海洋经济发展循环的重要措施,是我国文化和旅游拓展发展空间、培育新场景新业态实现高质量发展的重要助力,对于推进文化强国、旅游强国建设具有积极意义。\n \n
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\n \n \n 其次要把握文化和旅游融合。\n \n 建设海洋特色文化和旅游目的地,不是单纯的建设一个观光海岛或者是运营几条邮轮航线,也不是建设一个博物馆、展览馆将文化内容简单展示,而是要文化和旅游深度融合,和合共生。\n \n
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\n \n \n 最后要把握目的地要求。\n \n 建设海洋特色文化和旅游目的地,就是要运用系统观念,打破景点、景区、博物馆等单点思维局限,站在全局角度从文化和旅游领域推进海洋经济发展,统筹推进海洋与陆地、文化和旅游与其他行业发展,让海洋更加宜居宜业宜游。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 一是要构建系统政策体系。\n \n 建设海洋特色文化和旅游目的地是一个系统工程,需要相对应的政策体系保障。要构建与海洋特色文化和旅游目的地相适应的用地、用海、用岛、用空政策,切实保障发展空间。要构建“快进慢游”的交通体系,提升人民群众进出便利度。要加大资金投入,在财政资金投入的基础上,积极引导金融机构、社会资本投资,用好多层次资本市场便利,积极推进相应资产证券化,保障资金需求。要进一步扩大开放,优化签证等入境便利措施,落实好境外人员支付生活等具体举措,提升国际竞争力。要加强人才队伍建设,积极引进、发现、培养、用好海洋文化和旅游相关人才。\n \n
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\n \n \n 二是要协同推进供给侧改革。\n \n 要立足海洋特色,不断优化文化和旅游产品结构。大力发展热带海岛冬季阳光旅游、海上运动、潜水等旅游项目,丰富热带滨海海洋旅游产品。积极发展邮轮产业,建设邮轮母港,有序发展无居民岛屿旅游。加快发展文化产业,引进创意产业人才,大力发展文化创意、影视制作、演艺娱乐、文化会展和动漫游戏等各类文化产业,积极培育具有海洋特色的文化产业群。要深入推进文化和旅游融合发展,推进“文旅+百业”“百业+文旅”,不断创新发展场景和业态,推动文化和旅游转型升级。\n \n
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\n \n \n 三是要精准把握需求侧变化。\n \n 文化和旅游是最终需求,是经济增长的持久动力。精准把握需求侧变化,有利于推动供给侧改革,畅通从生产、消费、流通、分配的国内大循环。要做好人民群众海洋特色文化和旅游需求调查,研判发展趋势,打好提前量,精准布局,提高人民群众幸福感和获得感。要做好人民群众事后满意度调查,及时准确全面把握海洋特色文化和旅游的薄弱环节,针对性提升改进。\n \n
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\n \n \n 四是要统筹好发展与安全。\n \n 海洋不同于陆地,安全风险等级较高,要守好安全底线,确保文化和旅游健康有序发展。要加大科技研发,针对海洋特色文化和旅游活动的高风险特点,针对性研发相应的设备等,切实保障相关活动的安全。要做好预防预案,规范相应流程,积极开展演习演练,做好应急准备。要做好文化安全风险防范措施,在开放过程中,切实履行好意识形态责任制。\n \n
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\n \n \n 假期机票价格到底跳的是什么水?\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 这个长假,出境旅游怎么了?\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 我们为什么需要入境旅游?\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 旅游行业应该高度中巴贸易首次实现本币交易这件事!\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 旅游数据可以说明哪些问题?\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 《旅游法》十周年回眸与前瞻:未来该如何营造更好的旅游生态?\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 海南调研手记!\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 一带一路十周年:人文班列、旅游班列推出正当其时!\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 雄安见闻!\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 从放管服说起\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 接着说说双创\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 黄山旅游三季报简单梳理\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 从火爆的微短剧看文化走出去!\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 说着漂亮的,干着实惠的!\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 文化和旅游的下沉市场在哪里?\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 文化和旅游的全国统一大市场应该如何建设?\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 2024,期待更多“科目三”!\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 尔滨也应该核算自己的最优承载量!\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 应该怎么认识智慧图书馆体系建设?\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 从Sora概念股看Sora大模型AI视频生成对文化和旅游的影响!\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 两会来到,文化和旅游领域应该如何打造新质生产力?\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 从胖东来商场变景区看旅游购物的破局方向!\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 应该如何看待深圳试点境外旅客离境退税“即买即退”服务?\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 入境便利化举措对旅行社转型升级是机遇还是挑战?\n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 从王婆说媒看我们需要什么样的旅游演艺!\n \n \n

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\n
\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/jCz96wnMri0lH35lgwQyOg", - "creator": "小风子桥牌", - "pubDate": "Tue, 05 Aug 2025 06:18:00 ", - "enclosure": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/bUA2FuHr1jr1FP0okItjqicKm6EIYzF6knPR0PTwAUkQFdLUKiahjklSr2eB9y7XrczZNTQpTrHQcCiarC8ongbWg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "enclosureType": "image/jpeg", - "image": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/bUA2FuHr1jr1FP0okItjqicKm6EIYzF6knPR0PTwAUkQFdLUKiahjklSr2eB9y7XrczZNTQpTrHQcCiarC8ongbWg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "id": "2655133714_2", - "language": "", - "folder": "桥牌", - "feed": "小风子桥牌", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "658b8e1ed372617898c68443ebeca94f", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "中国神作!短短几句,治愈精神内耗,低谷亦成转机", "description": "30岁前拼努力,30岁后拼智慧。若几十岁了还没读过《道德经》,那就太可惜了。听过无数道理,都不如去看智慧之源...", @@ -6820,28 +8932,6 @@ "hash": "e5602bbf91a0e8441e66ac741a1a1543", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "20250714,正常态,怎么办?", - "description": "不在高峰时慕名而来,不在低谷时转身走开!2025年7月14日,周一。闷热的天气越来越像南方了。每天早上出门,", - "content": "
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\n \n \n \n \n 不在高峰时慕名而来,不在低谷时转身走开!\n \n \n \n \n \n
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\n \n \n 2025年7月14日,周一\n \n \n \n \n 。\n \n \n

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\n \n 闷热的天气越来越像南方了。\n \n

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\n \n 每天早上出门,会给娃一个单子,上面写的是一些任务,想着不要在家里总是睡觉、看视频。\n \n

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\n \n 从这几天来看,完成的还不错。\n \n

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\n \n 人的情绪有高有低,生意有好有坏。\n \n
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\n \n 这是正常的波动,波动是正常的,那么就有波峰与波谷以及均值。\n \n
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\n \n 投资里的均值回归就是说的这个道理,就像钟摆一样,每次摆到两边都会回来。\n \n
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\n \n 于是,就有了在低估时买入,在高估时卖出的简单策略。\n \n
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\n \n 问题来了,如果估值来到了正常态,怎么办?\n \n
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\n \n 这个时候是典型的模糊形态,他可以上,也可以下,概率不好判断。\n \n
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\n \n 不像低谷时,能有8成的概率往上那样清晰。\n \n
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\n \n 跟着买,心里又忐忑,是不是贵了,不买,又感觉眼睁睁的错过了。\n \n
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\n \n 煎熬。\n \n
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\n \n 这时候就是考验耐心和纪律的时候了。\n \n
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\n \n 要操作你的计划,而不是计划你的操作。\n \n
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\n \n 守好仓位,遵守纪律,以不变应万变,这种不变就是咱们之前说过的自身的确定性。。\n \n
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\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/FOP1-bgBiyzpJgWlGt_JWg", - "creator": "小风子桥牌", - "pubDate": "Wed, 16 Jul 2025 06:18:00 ", - "enclosure": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/bUA2FuHr1jq0ld4QiaEROJBalVdrQs3SFKTk9ibTfXGFR5cBGpUMOVl8YP1bHyxZT9Jlp2ut1jO3H0Olib9iaTcaog/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "enclosureType": "image/jpeg", - "image": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/bUA2FuHr1jq0ld4QiaEROJBalVdrQs3SFKTk9ibTfXGFR5cBGpUMOVl8YP1bHyxZT9Jlp2ut1jO3H0Olib9iaTcaog/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "id": "2655133614_2", - "language": "", - "folder": "桥牌", - "feed": "小风子桥牌", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "c964ffdefd0aa6a0919a3297ac4bd717", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "综锦赛练兵 中国老年队世锦赛争创佳绩", "description": "​", @@ -9077,28 +11167,6 @@ "image": null, "description": "China Daily全文RSS。获取更多全文RSS:https://feedx.net", "items": [ - { - "title": "陪同爸爸李群:支持孩子坚持学桥牌", - "description": "陪同爸爸李群:支持孩子坚持学桥牌", - "content": "
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\n \n \n \n 全国桥牌综合锦标赛\n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n \n 来自温州的李群是一个80后,他的身份是家长,和青年教练王安之一起带领温州埃菲尔少年队参赛,儿子李砚舟是队员,与小伙伴们参加在上海汽车会展中心举行的2025年全国桥牌综合锦标赛青年团体赛U16公开组比赛。说到桥牌,李群坚定地表示,一定会支持孩子坚持学桥牌。\n \n \n \n

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\n \n \n 温州埃菲尔少年队队员们在赛场外合影留念,黄乐诚、张语谦、胡一鹏、符北默、谢陈潇、李砚舟(从左至右)\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 早在孩子学习桥牌之前,李群本人对桥牌一无所知。两年前的新学年开始,有一天他回到家,听孩子的妈妈说,孩子被班里的老师推荐了学习桥牌,他有些诧异地问,桥牌是什么。孩子学了一个月后哭着跟他说,太难了。他以为孩子因为难而不学了,但有一天听一位老师说:“听说你家孩子桥牌学得很好。”他这才知道孩子非但没有放弃学习桥牌,而且还学得不错。学了不到一年,孩子代表就读的温州市蒲州育英学校参加浙江省青少年桥牌迷你组比赛,竟然打进了前三。而在改为定约桥牌后,孩子与小伙伴们代表学校参加温州市青少年比赛出人意料地获得了团体赛和双人赛的双料冠军。\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 李群与儿子李砚舟\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 李群说,孩子的桥牌教练是温州市桥牌协会副主席兼秘书长谢克俭。孩子除了在学校学习桥牌外,每周六固定有半天的时间跟着谢克俭老师学习。现在孩子对桥牌的兴趣非常浓厚,社交能力提高很多,而且善于复盘,在复盘时表现出很强的自信。\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 他本人通过陪孩子学习桥牌,对桥牌从不了解到了解,再到现在也产生了学习桥牌的想法。他甚至想等正在上幼儿园的二宝再大一些,也让他学习桥牌,让孩子的妈妈也学会打桥牌,这样就可以组成一个桥牌家庭,不出家门就可以打桥牌。\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 此次陪着孩子参赛,李群兼做领队,与王安之一起带队前来参赛。他说,6个男孩都是第一次参加全国比赛,来之前,他跟其他孩子也不熟悉,但他明确告诉孩子们,参加比赛的目的以学习为主,要求大家遵守纪律,服从管理。“没想到,这些学习桥牌的孩子们执行力很强,让他感到带队没有难度”,李群说。\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 李群的儿子李砚舟说,此次参赛遇到很多强手,但自己与搭档谢陈潇和队友们都没有畏惧,第一天表现不错,昨天有些小失误,“如果满分10分的话,我给自己的比赛表现打8分”。\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 看到孩子和小伙伴们通过此次参赛收获成长,李群说,这是最宝贵的收获。\n \n \n

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\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/7KGzYskDNze6LI5fHxmcWw", - "creator": "中国桥牌协会", - "pubDate": "Sun, 10 Aug 2025 21:09:48 ", - "enclosure": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/71SHwPo8iax7PERcWH4iaPeOOosZiajGOZbRqTbgNNEIBo564zyxLMY9iaGrsliaaKxrDcWnjpGh5MD8GM1wPY6Jz3g/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "enclosureType": "image/jpeg", - "image": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/71SHwPo8iax7PERcWH4iaPeOOosZiajGOZbRqTbgNNEIBo564zyxLMY9iaGrsliaaKxrDcWnjpGh5MD8GM1wPY6Jz3g/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "id": "2651311103_5", - "language": "", - "folder": "桥牌", - "feed": "中国桥牌协会", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "47b689fdbe84c49ef04de5e5d5043784", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "全民健身日全国桥牌通讯赛火热开赛 智慧竞技点亮全民健康新图景", "description": "全民健身日全国桥牌通讯赛火热开赛 智慧竞技点亮全民健康新图景", @@ -9121,28 +11189,6 @@ "hash": "4fa2bc7b6a06a1dfe21d0e5fb1ede549", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "中国桥牌青少年精英赛冠军产生", - "description": "北京业之峰队夺得U26组冠军,位育桥牌俱乐部队获得U16组第一名", - "content": "
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\n \n \n 8月1日,2025年“业之峰杯” 中国桥牌青少年精英赛在北京市延庆区结束了为期4天的对决,\n \n 北京业之峰队夺得U26组冠军,位育桥牌俱乐部队获得U16组第一名\n \n 。\n \n \n

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\n \n \n U26组\n \n 的冠军争夺在战马青年队和北京业之峰队之间展开。经过3节42副牌的比拼,北京业之峰队以119:97.5战胜战马青年队,获得U26组冠军,战马青年队获得亚军。三、四名比赛中,上海浦东青年队取胜北京八喜青年队获得第三名,北京八喜青年队获得第四名。\n \n

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\n \n \n U16组\n \n ,上海胡荣华桥牌俱乐部队和位育桥牌俱乐部队分别战胜对手晋级决赛。3节决赛过后,最终位育桥牌俱乐部队以70.33:53取胜上海胡荣华桥牌俱乐部队,获得U16组冠军,上海胡荣华桥牌俱乐部队获得亚军。北京八喜青年(人大附中)队在三、四名比赛获胜,夺得U16组第三名,上海普陀明日之星队获得第四名。\n \n

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\n \n \n 北京业之峰队获得U26组冠军\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 战马青年队获得U26组亚军\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 上海浦东青年队获得U26组季军\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 位育桥牌俱乐部获得U16组冠军\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 上海胡荣华桥牌俱乐部队获得U16组亚军\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 北京八喜青年(人大附中)队获得U16组季军\n \n \n

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\n \n \n 北京新青年队、天津(缦缨)队和海盐县向阳小学教育集团队获得附加积分赛前三名\n \n \n

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\n \n 国家体育总局棋牌运动管理中心桥牌部主任王艳楠、北京市延庆区体育局局长柳千训、北京水木智娱桥牌俱乐部负责人段昊共同为获奖队伍颁奖。\n \n

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\n \n “业之峰杯”中国桥牌青少年精英赛已经连续举办四年,本次比赛由国家体育总局棋牌运动管理中心、中国桥牌协会、北京市延庆区体育局主办,北京市延庆区体育总会承办,北京世园投资发展有限责任公司、北京水木智娱桥牌俱乐部、北京八喜青年桥牌俱乐部协办。\n \n

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\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/8gBXslnQI4zS1aIJk6W7gQ", - "creator": "中国桥牌协会", - "pubDate": "Fri, 01 Aug 2025 18:19:12 ", - "enclosure": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/71SHwPo8iax60NR8Dn3yZ4azlh0bqpSxBxmm5icpgx0bT1XBoWNQUrF8icUNHekwScDWP0BbiaPxicpSs56bruqKHAg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "enclosureType": "image/jpeg", - "image": "https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/71SHwPo8iax60NR8Dn3yZ4azlh0bqpSxBxmm5icpgx0bT1XBoWNQUrF8icUNHekwScDWP0BbiaPxicpSs56bruqKHAg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg", - "id": "2651310694_2", - "language": "", - "folder": "桥牌", - "feed": "中国桥牌协会", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "8150f587fe278e48d3b6d1160f28ee7c", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "001FRONT - Vision turns county into green model", "description": "

Online See more by scanning the code.

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An African media delegation poses for a group photo in front of the stone monument that mentions the philosophy that "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" in Anji county, Zhejiang province, on May 15.

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On a wooden shelf in his three-story home in Anji county of Zhejiang province, Ge Yuande keeps a stone — smooth, pale and vaguely shaped like a miner wearing a helmet — as the most treasured piece in his collection.

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The 63-year-old picked it up more than 20 years ago from a quarry in Yucun, his native village in Anji, where he once made a living extracting and selling stone. Back then, the hills were stripped bare, the air was thick with dust, and streams ran gray with industrial runoff.

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"I used to sell stone to make a living," Ge said in his living room, now lined with shelves full of stone sculptures. "But back then, it polluted everything. Now I still sell stone — but as art and as culture."

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Yucun's transformation — from a dusty quarry village to a model of rural vitalization and green development — epitomizes China's heightened emphasis on sustainable growth over the past two decades.

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In 2005, the village was standing at a crossroads. Its last quarry had just been closed, a decision that left villagers anxious about their livelihoods. The village's collective income plummeted from 3 million yuan ($417,600) to just 300,000 yuan that year.

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At this pivotal moment, Xi Jinping, then secretary of the Communist Party of China Zhejiang Provincial Committee, visited the village on Aug 15, 2005, and offered residents a powerful message of reassurance.

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During a meeting with villagers, Xi said the closure was a "wise step" and introduced what would become a guiding principle of China's environmental policy: "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets."

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In a column published in Zhejiang Daily a week after the visit, Xi expanded on the idea: "By transforming ecological and environmental strengths into advantages in eco-agriculture, eco-industry and eco-tourism, lucid waters and lush mountains can truly become invaluable assets."

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In 2020, Xi — now Chinese president and general secretary of the CPC Central Committee — returned to the county. The phrase "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" had by then become a national consensus and a core tenet of China's new development philosophy.

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"Experience has shown that economic growth cannot come at the expense of the environment," Xi told the villagers.

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Yu Xiaoping, deputy Party secretary of Yucun village, said the closure of quarries and continuous environmental improvements had opened up space for eco-tourism. Visitors now come for river rafting, fruit picking and rural guesthouse stays.

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Zhang Jianguo, executive vice-dean of the Institute for Sustainable Development at Huzhou University, noted that by prioritizing green, low-carbon development and preserving its environment, Anji has translated ecological assets into real economic and social gains.

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By giving top priority to environmental protection, the county has ensured that its air quality remains excellent on more than 90 percent of days. Surface water, drinking water and cross-boundary water all consistently meet national standards.

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Over the past 20 years, the average annual per capita disposable income of Anji's rural residents rose from 7,034 yuan to 48,879 yuan — a nearly sevenfold increase.

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"Anji's long-term, consistent approach to preserving its environment has produced a compelling case study in sustainable development — one with growing relevance not only in China but globally," Zhang said.

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Enhanced protection

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Today, more than 70 percent of Anji is covered in forest, much of it bamboo. Once-overlooked villages are now home to pocket parks, hiking trails, open-air teahouses, and even artisanal coffee shops.

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Zheng Xuli, a senior engineer at Lingfengsi Forest Farm, patrols 120 hectares of forest land. Once a logging supervisor, he now focuses on conservation — from monitoring of termite infestations to forest maintenance.

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"In the past, forestry was about cutting and planting," Zheng said. "Now it's about watching, caring and minimizing harm."

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The biggest shift, he said, has been philosophical: "We treat the forest as an asset that gains value over time — not something to consume."

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Technology is also reshaping how Anji protects its environment. AI-powered drones and autonomous boats are now used to monitor rivers for illegal dumping and construction.

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"Before, it took weeks to patrol all our waterways," said Ye Liang, director of the river chief office with Anji county's water resources bureau. "Now drones and AI can do it in a single day. Problems are caught early, before they escalate."

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In 2022, Anji launched the Global Partnership Initiative, aimed at attracting digital nomads, green startups and remote workers to settle in the county.

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To local officials' surprise, the initiative gained rapid momentum. By the end of 2024, more than 50,000 young people had come to Anji to start businesses or seek job opportunities.

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Xu Liang, a cyclist and entrepreneur, said Anji's location near Yangtze River Delta cities and its clean environment are major draws for young professionals.

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"For many young people, the countryside is more than a retreat," Xu said. "It's a place to explore new ideas, new directions and entrepreneurial opportunities beyond the city."

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Javier Ghaemi, a British expatriate, arrived in Anji in April with his girlfriend after a friend in Shanghai told them about a gym for rent. Within hours, they had made the decision to move from Malaysia to the county.

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They took over a dormant gym nestled in the hills and transformed it into a lifestyle hub offering yoga classes, wellness workshops and forest hikes.

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From his gym, perched above a bamboo grove, Ghaemi has found both peace and purpose.

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"For me, I want to help build Anji up," he said. "To promote it, and to show Westerners the reality of life here. I think the misconceptions are huge. Even if I can just show a few friends, have them visit, do a workout — they'll see that we're all the same. We all have the same dreams."

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Patrick Nijs, former Belgian ambassador to China, said that Xi demonstrated a clear vision when he proposed the philosophy that "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" in 2005.

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"Back then, most people were still debating what 'going green' even meant," Nijs said. "So he introduced this concept in a very clear and poetic way — something that resonates deeply with the Chinese mind."

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Nijs now considers Anji one of his homes. "I'm a big fan of Xi Jinping because I think he is a visionary," he said.

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What Anji offers, Nijs added, is a development model rooted in culture, continuity and care.

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He pointed out that this philosophy has also underpinned China's sweeping investments in renewable energy. "China has invested in all facets of green energy — hydropower, solar panels, biomass, wind power and nuclear power — and is now a global leader."

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Contact the writers at xuwei@chinadaily.com.cn

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