vault backup: 2025-07-12 09:56:37
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"title": "译文 | 从来无我:在审视 AI 中重识自我",
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"description": "Matrix首页推荐Matrix是少数派的写作社区,我们主张分享真实的产品体验,有实用价值的经验与思考。我们会不定期挑选Matrix最优质的文章,展示来自用户的最真实的体验和观点。文章代表作者个人观点 ...<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/100792\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
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"title": "《死亡搁浅导剪版》批评:心在快递,路在脚下",
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"title": "《死亡搁浅导剪版》批评:心在快递,路在脚下",
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"description": "几度春秋,路在脚下。在这世上又「行走」六年,世事够多,思考亦多,我觉得是时候回看《死亡搁浅》了。<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/100861\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
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"description": "几度春秋,路在脚下。在这世上又「行走」六年,世事够多,思考亦多,我觉得是时候回看《死亡搁浅》了。<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/100861\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
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"title": "还以为是外国人呢……新垣、东野、太宰全部是中国姓?",
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"title": "Daily Sparks – 在 iPhone 屏幕上显示重要的事,并不断重复",
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"content": "\n<p><strong>微软自动奖励</strong>(Microsoft Automatic Rewards)是一个 Chrome 插件,通过自动完成每日任务获取 Bing 积分。安装插件之后,只需要登录 Microsoft Rewards 和 Bing 即可。@<a href=\"https://www.appinn.com/microsoft-automatic-rewards/\">Appinn</a></p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1608\" height=\"700\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-09T115649.401.jpg\" alt=\"微软自动奖励 - 一个 Chrome 插件,把 Bing 积分刷到 1000 多分了 19\" class=\"wp-image-52754\" title=\"微软自动奖励 - 一个 Chrome 插件,把 Bing 积分刷到 1000 多分了 19\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-09T115649.401.jpg 1608w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-09T115649.401-768x334.jpg 768w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-09T115649.401-1536x669.jpg 1536w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-09T115649.401-804x350.jpg 804w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1608px) 100vw, 1608px\" /></figure>\n\n\n\n<p>感谢 @陈少举 同学的分享:</p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1194\" height=\"1214\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250709123150@2x.avif\" alt=\"微软自动奖励 - 一个 Chrome 插件,把 Bing 积分刷到 1000 多分了 20\" class=\"wp-image-52757\" title=\"微软自动奖励 - 一个 Chrome 插件,把 Bing 积分刷到 1000 多分了 20\" srcset=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250709123150@2x.avif 1194w, https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250709123150@2x-768x781.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1194px) 100vw, 1194px\" /></figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Microsoft Rewards 是什么</h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Microsoft Rewards</strong>(微软奖励)是微软推出的一个<strong>积分奖励计划</strong>,旨在鼓励用户多使用微软的各类产品和服务,比如 Bing 搜索引擎、Microsoft Edge 浏览器、Xbox 主机、Microsoft Store 购物等。用户只需拥有一个微软账户,完成日常搜索、参与小测试、完成任务或购物等操作,就可以获得积分。</p>\n\n\n\n<p>这些积分可用于兑换各类礼品卡,比如国区可兑换:</p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>原神原石兑换码</li>\n\n\n\n<li>我的世界钻石(网易)</li>\n\n\n\n<li>肯德基消费券</li>\n\n\n\n<li>盒马礼品卡</li>\n\n\n\n<li>猫眼礼品卡</li>\n\n\n\n<li>中国石化礼品卡</li>\n\n\n\n<li>天猫超市礼品卡</li>\n</ul>\n\n\n\n<p>等等,礼物还是非常多的。</p>\n\n\n\n<p>以及,未来的 Windows 10 扩展安全更新(ESU)可能需要 1000 积分来兑换 <img src=\"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/15.1.0/72x72/1f602.png\" alt=\"😂\" class=\"wp-smiley\" style=\"height: 1em; max-height: 1em;\" /></p>\n\n\n\n<p>(参考:<a href=\"https://www.appinn.com/microsoft-windows10-free-esu-2026/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"52568\">微软大反转!Windows 10 免费安全更新再送一年</a>)</p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">如何注册</h3>\n\n\n\n<p>可以前往官网(手动去掉下方链接尾巴即可),或通过青小蛙的邀请链接注册:</p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https://rewards.bing.com/welcome?rh=87A5144B&ref=rafsae\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https://rewards.bing.com/welcome?rh=87A5144B&ref=rafsae</a></li>\n</ul>\n\n\n\n<p>通过青小蛙的邀请链接还可以获得额外积分:</p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>当好友完成每个任务时,你和你的好友将获得最多 650 个积分</li>\n\n\n\n<li>好友完成所有欢迎优惠任务后,你和你的好友将另外获得 650 个积分(总共各 1300 个积分)</li>\n</ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">微软自动奖励(Microsoft Automatic Rewards)</h2>\n\n\n\n<p>在注册之后,就可以启动这个插件了:</p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>选择你要进行自动化的任务</li>\n\n\n\n<li>设置参数</li>\n\n\n\n<li>获取积分</li>\n</ol>\n\n\n\n<p>注意,开启后,它会找时间<strong>自动打开新标签页</strong>进行搜索,所以不要被吓到了 <img src=\"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/15.1.0/72x72/1f602.png\" alt=\"😂\" class=\"wp-smiley\" style=\"height: 1em; max-height: 1em;\" /></p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1206\" height=\"966\" src=\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Screen-20250709121254@2x.avif\" alt=\"微软自动奖励 - 一个 Chrome 插件,把 Bing 积分刷到 1000 多分了 21\" class=\"wp-image-52755\" title=\"微软自动奖励 Line truncated
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"description": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-76fed30f10beac07dc1504820516242c_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>如果这问题用“航天飞机”表示美国太空运输系统 Space Transportation System(以下称为 STS),那么其退役的主要原因是成本过高、安全性不足、维护困难。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-4ae95521eddcd76d0db2ad82bc0810ab_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>STS. 拍摄者:Caryn Bohn</figcaption></figure>\n<p>“航天飞机”一词表示水平着陆的、可重复使用的航天器,不限于 STS。现存的无人驾驶航天飞机可以完成一些任务,主要是科学和军事任务。今后,人们或许还会制造更多的航天飞机。</p>\n<p>历史上,STS 曾自称在以下方面超越运载火箭:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>重复使用</strong>。STS 计划起初吹嘘每架轨道飞行器可以复用 100 次,理论上比“为每次任务建造新航天器”便宜。在第一次发射前,STS 计划承诺“大大降低太空飞行的成本”。</li>\n<li><strong>载荷能力</strong>。可以运送 7 名航天员,可以发射·维修大型卫星、空间站结构、空间望远镜等,执行需要大量人员、物资的任务——必要时也包括“攻击敌人的航天器”、“将核弹丢在敌国”,尽管弹道导弹更擅长投送核弹。</li>\n<li><strong>特殊设备</strong>。STS 的机械臂等设备可帮助航天员执行相对复杂的舱外工作,在修复哈勃空间望远镜时声称“只有 STS 做得到”。</li>\n</ul>\n<p>后来,人们发现 STS 有以下问题:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>成本高昂</strong>。“重复使用”和“载荷能力”建立在昂贵的运行成本、维护成本、发射成本上,1972 年概算每磅有效载荷的成本按通货膨胀合 2012 年 1109 美元,实际上在不考虑研究与开发费用的情况下每磅有效载荷的成本高达 2012 年的 37207 美元,<em>超额 3255%</em>;STS 计划主任罗伯特·汤普森承认,后来设计阶段的主要目标“不包含降低造价”,因为“降低成本会导致其他技术要求无法满足”。1982 年,NASA 估算 STS 每次飞行花费 2.6 亿美元,估算时声称每年要发射 24 次、持续十年。实际上,STS 到退役共发射 135 次,平均每次发射耗资 16.42 亿美元。</li>\n<li><strong>过于复杂</strong>。STS 的“关键部件”数量众多,增加维护成本、延长维护时间、降低可行的发射频率和复用次数。轨道飞行器每次降落后要花 3 到 7 个月进行拆卸、检查、翻新,需要大量熟悉它的工作人员。STS 使用的多项技术,包括引擎,从未达到起初预想的水平。随着时间流逝,工作人员换代进一步降低 STS 的可维护性。</li>\n<li><strong>安全性差</strong>。1986 年挑战者号失事、2003 年哥伦比亚号失事造成大量航天员死亡,调查显示两次失事都归因于设计缺陷和安全管理问题,O 形环被腐蚀的事情发生过数次、没有引起足够关注,破坏哥伦比亚号隔热层的泡沫塑料块本就没必要安装、之前就曾脱落并砸到轨道飞行器上。STS 计划起初宣传事故率约 1/100000,失事后调查发现 STS 早期发射时发生“灾难性事故”的概率高达 1/9。后期经过改进,STS 的“灾难性事故”概率下降到约 1/90。美国找不到给 STS 配置有效的紧急逃生系统的方法。</li>\n</ul>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-52c41c5248f3327e0e2fc560af493b0c_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>挑战者号点火后 58.788 秒,右侧固体助推器出现羽流</figcaption></figure>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-ef5311c30a996e47c9d3512e7be9dcac_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>挑战者号失事</figcaption></figure>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-330251f37d6d604631cbe9d676e31f3f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>哥伦比亚号失事</figcaption></figure>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>必要性低</strong>。NASA 起初将 STS 的主要任务设为部署卫星,<em>给出的报价低于成本</em>,但一次性运载火箭的快速进步让用 STS 赔本发射卫星的吸引力仍然不足。轨道飞行器的死重对有效载荷的限制无法处理。用 STS 为轨道上的大部分卫星进行维护、加注燃料比用一次性火箭发射一个执行相同任务的新卫星还要贵,何况新卫星能够使用新技术提高效能。在挑战者号失事后,NASA 修改了 STS 的任务安排,缓解了这个问题。</li>\n</ul>\n<p>——从诞生到退役,STS 进行了 135 次发射,发生 2 次重大事故,死亡 14 人。轨道飞行器的最大复用次数为 39(发现号)。STS 的主发动机号称可以复用 55 次,实际上平均复用了约 7.8 次。</p>\n<p>苏联“暴风雪”号航天Line truncated
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"content": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-76fed30f10beac07dc1504820516242c_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>如果这问题用“航天飞机”表示美国太空运输系统 Space Transportation System(以下称为 STS),那么其退役的主要原因是成本过高、安全性不足、维护困难。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-4ae95521eddcd76d0db2ad82bc0810ab_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>STS. 拍摄者:Caryn Bohn</figcaption></figure>\n<p>“航天飞机”一词表示水平着陆的、可重复使用的航天器,不限于 STS。现存的无人驾驶航天飞机可以完成一些任务,主要是科学和军事任务。今后,人们或许还会制造更多的航天飞机。</p>\n<p>历史上,STS 曾自称在以下方面超越运载火箭:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>重复使用</strong>。STS 计划起初吹嘘每架轨道飞行器可以复用 100 次,理论上比“为每次任务建造新航天器”便宜。在第一次发射前,STS 计划承诺“大大降低太空飞行的成本”。</li>\n<li><strong>载荷能力</strong>。可以运送 7 名航天员,可以发射·维修大型卫星、空间站结构、空间望远镜等,执行需要大量人员、物资的任务——必要时也包括“攻击敌人的航天器”、“将核弹丢在敌国”,尽管弹道导弹更擅长投送核弹。</li>\n<li><strong>特殊设备</strong>。STS 的机械臂等设备可帮助航天员执行相对复杂的舱外工作,在修复哈勃空间望远镜时声称“只有 STS 做得到”。</li>\n</ul>\n<p>后来,人们发现 STS 有以下问题:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>成本高昂</strong>。“重复使用”和“载荷能力”建立在昂贵的运行成本、维护成本、发射成本上,1972 年概算每磅有效载荷的成本按通货膨胀合 2012 年 1109 美元,实际上在不考虑研究与开发费用的情况下每磅有效载荷的成本高达 2012 年的 37207 美元,<em>超额 3255%</em>;STS 计划主任罗伯特·汤普森承认,后来设计阶段的主要目标“不包含降低造价”,因为“降低成本会导致其他技术要求无法满足”。1982 年,NASA 估算 STS 每次飞行花费 2.6 亿美元,估算时声称每年要发射 24 次、持续十年。实际上,STS 到退役共发射 135 次,平均每次发射耗资 16.42 亿美元。</li>\n<li><strong>过于复杂</strong>。STS 的“关键部件”数量众多,增加维护成本、延长维护时间、降低可行的发射频率和复用次数。轨道飞行器每次降落后要花 3 到 7 个月进行拆卸、检查、翻新,需要大量熟悉它的工作人员。STS 使用的多项技术,包括引擎,从未达到起初预想的水平。随着时间流逝,工作人员换代进一步降低 STS 的可维护性。</li>\n<li><strong>安全性差</strong>。1986 年挑战者号失事、2003 年哥伦比亚号失事造成大量航天员死亡,调查显示两次失事都归因于设计缺陷和安全管理问题,O 形环被腐蚀的事情发生过数次、没有引起足够关注,破坏哥伦比亚号隔热层的泡沫塑料块本就没必要安装、之前就曾脱落并砸到轨道飞行器上。STS 计划起初宣传事故率约 1/100000,失事后调查发现 STS 早期发射时发生“灾难性事故”的概率高达 1/9。后期经过改进,STS 的“灾难性事故”概率下降到约 1/90。美国找不到给 STS 配置有效的紧急逃生系统的方法。</li>\n</ul>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-52c41c5248f3327e0e2fc560af493b0c_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>挑战者号点火后 58.788 秒,右侧固体助推器出现羽流</figcaption></figure>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-ef5311c30a996e47c9d3512e7be9dcac_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>挑战者号失事</figcaption></figure>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-330251f37d6d604631cbe9d676e31f3f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>哥伦比亚号失事</figcaption></figure>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>必要性低</strong>。NASA 起初将 STS 的主要任务设为部署卫星,<em>给出的报价低于成本</em>,但一次性运载火箭的快速进步让用 STS 赔本发射卫星的吸引力仍然不足。轨道飞行器的死重对有效载荷的限制无法处理。用 STS 为轨道上的大部分卫星进行维护、加注燃料比用一次性火箭发射一个执行相同任务的新卫星还要贵,何况新卫星能够使用新技术提高效能。在挑战者号失事后,NASA 修改了 STS 的任务安排,缓解了这个问题。</li>\n</ul>\n<p>——从诞生到退役,STS 进行了 135 次发射,发生 2 次重大事故,死亡 14 人。轨道飞行器的最大复用次数为 39(发现号)。STS 的主发动机号称可以复用 55 次,实际上平均复用了约 7.8 次。</p>\n<p>苏联“暴风雪”号航天飞Line truncated
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"title": "为啥中国古代那么多“霸道总裁爱上离婚有娃的我”?",
|
"title": "为啥中国古代那么多“霸道总裁爱上离婚有娃的我”?",
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||||||
"description": "<div><div><div class=\"rich_media_content\" id=\"js_content\"><section style=\"margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 8px; white-space: normal; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJxdXiby5XB2BE6S0ulr9Fs213uZ85nlxAalcgRcLFiaSVdOVlrtCZRibIw/640?wx_fmt=gif\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4TzvMFHdy5H2gOlK5amUNG9TTylEeGwODYs6CoxqmuHXn7NdjibM3zVnHF5EHakKTXalMRe3IMNTQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><p><span><span>本 文 约 3600 字</span></span></p><section><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\"><p><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px;\"><span>阅 读 需 要 13 分 钟</span></span><span><span> </span></span></span></p></section><section><span><p></p></span></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“霸道总裁爱上离异的她”“霸道总裁爱上离婚带娃的她”类型短剧频频爆火,引起了一些争议。不过,其实在中国古代很长一段时间里,出于政治或生育的原因,贵族群体会更倾向于娶离异的女人,“霸道总裁爱上离异、丧偶、带娃的她”之类的故事并不少见。诸如汉高祖刘邦娶了西魏王魏豹的妾薄姬、汉景帝娶了已婚生娃的王姪、汉昭烈帝刘备入川娶了遗孀吴氏,曹操娶了已婚带娃的秦氏、曹丕娶了二婚的甄宓……</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>接下来,就让我们具体来看看。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4TzvMFHdy5H2gOlK5amUNGVcUNLDEcmbXeeOFXYicOHK4EsHllAGnFVQHSicCL86MLiaMwiaUiciclkIyQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4TzvMFHdy5H2gOlK5amUNGsoV8lHJsmHdJreBe6oabbIickr4QD7OJ8WGnGRPibyQ4BAdaKjX7OIUA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>公元前</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>205年,汉王的大将军韩信不费吹灰之力拿下魏地,俘获了魏王豹和他的家人。后来魏豹在荥阳被汉将周苛杀死,魏豹的妾</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>薄姬</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>织室</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>被刘邦发现后纳入宫中。于是丧偶的薄姬嫁给了汉王,并为刘邦生下一个儿子,即代王刘恒。在诸吕之变后,代王成为汉文帝。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4BVPAv0hJPaNADoHURc78aE0BBia1Flbtc1TheXv6rib2hgL0VrySgpzdTcWq2AIp8tsFC0whQGEIA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"tLine truncated
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"description": "<div><div><div class=\"rich_media_content\" id=\"js_content\"><section style=\"margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 8px; white-space: normal; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJxdXiby5XB2BE6S0ulr9Fs213uZ85nlxAalcgRcLFiaSVdOVlrtCZRibIw/640?wx_fmt=gif\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" /></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><section style=\"margin-bottom: 8px; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.5em;\"><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4TzvMFHdy5H2gOlK5amUNG9TTylEeGwODYs6CoxqmuHXn7NdjibM3zVnHF5EHakKTXalMRe3IMNTQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"display: inline-block;\"><span><br /></span></section></section><p><span><span>本 文 约 3600 字</span></span></p><section><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\"><p><span style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px;\"><span>阅 读 需 要 13 分 钟</span></span><span><span> </span></span></span></p></section><section><span><p></p></span></section></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"></p><p><span> </span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>“霸道总裁爱上离异的她”“霸道总裁爱上离婚带娃的她”类型短剧频频爆火,引起了一些争议。不过,其实在中国古代很长一段时间里,出于政治或生育的原因,贵族群体会更倾向于娶离异的女人,“霸道总裁爱上离异、丧偶、带娃的她”之类的故事并不少见。诸如汉高祖刘邦娶了西魏王魏豹的妾薄姬、汉景帝娶了已婚生娃的王姪、汉昭烈帝刘备入川娶了遗孀吴氏,曹操娶了已婚带娃的秦氏、曹丕娶了二婚的甄宓……</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>接下来,就让我们具体来看看。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4TzvMFHdy5H2gOlK5amUNGVcUNLDEcmbXeeOFXYicOHK4EsHllAGnFVQHSicCL86MLiaMwiaUiciclkIyQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4TzvMFHdy5H2gOlK5amUNGsoV8lHJsmHdJreBe6oabbIickr4QD7OJ8WGnGRPibyQ4BAdaKjX7OIUA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span>公元前</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>205年,汉王的大将军韩信不费吹灰之力拿下魏地,俘获了魏王豹和他的家人。后来魏豹在荥阳被汉将周苛杀死,魏豹的妾</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>薄姬</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>在</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>织室</span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span>被刘邦发现后纳入宫中。于是丧偶的薄姬嫁给了汉王,并为刘邦生下一个儿子,即代王刘恒。在诸吕之变后,代王成为汉文帝。</span></font></p><p style=\"line-height: 1.75em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4BVPAv0hJPaNADoHURc78aE0BBia1Flbtc1TheXv6rib2hgL0VrySgpzdTcWq2AIp8tsFC0whQGEIA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"tLine truncated
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"title": "Chinese VP to attend UN Ocean Conference in France, visit Spain",
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"description": "<div><div><p>BEIJING, June 5 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice President Han Zheng will attend the UN Ocean Conference in Nice, France and visit Spain upon invitation from June 7 to 13, a Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson announced on Thursday. </p><p id='org_name'>Source: Xinhua</p></div></div>",
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"content": "<div><div><p>BEIJING, June 5 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice President Han Zheng will attend the UN Ocean Conference in Nice, France and visit Spain upon invitation from June 7 to 13, a Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson announced on Thursday. </p><p id='org_name'>Source: Xinhua</p></div></div>",
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"title": "甲骨文技术人才发展部?Oracle University 免费送两门认证考试:Race to Certification 2025",
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"title": "甲骨文技术人才发展部?Oracle University 免费送两门认证考试:Race to Certification 2025",
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"description": "Oracle University 是著名的云服务商 Oracle(甲骨文)官方的培训与认证平台,主要目标是帮助用户掌握 Oracle Cloud 产品并提供考试认证。 最近有活动: 甲骨文技术人才发 ",
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"title": "古人是如何知道矿石能够炼铁炼铜的?",
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"description": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-18c50f5a67200de03e7cca2bef5ff2f6_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>一直在做古代金属器科技史的科普和研学,这个问题本来也是一些场合我做线下科普的开场介绍部分,在这里赘述一番:</p>\n<p>古人与金属矿石打交道的时间很久远,比通常想象的更久远,要以万计,早于大家认知的文明史;</p>\n<p>同样的,古人对金属矿和金属器的认认知,也比通常想象的更缓慢,即便是认知速度相对飞快的古代中国。</p>\n<p>可以先放下我们作为现代人,对金属有着或多或少的认知。</p>\n<p>金属矿石,首先也是石。</p>\n<hr>\n<p>因此这个问题最早可以上溯到旧石器时代,人类对不同石头的挑选和改造。</p>\n<p>这里就出现了人类最早可以认知的第一类金属器:</p>\n<p><strong><strong>天然形成的自然金属</strong></strong></p>\n<p>一个显而易见的事实是,这些自然金属对于古人类而言,是一类特殊的石头。</p>\n<p>这一金属类型非常有限,大致分两大类:</p>\n<p>其中一类极为罕见,来自外太空,比如天然铁,尽管地球的铁元素非常丰富,但地表没有能形成自然铁的环境。</p>\n<p>只有一种罕见来源——铁陨石。</p>\n<p>北美原住民(被称作印第安人)就使用陨铁制作铁器。下图是一片陨铁,上面有原始加工痕迹,被有些学者认为是附近 2000 年前墓葬内铁器的来源。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-6411ea2a72bf5f3b41888eb9489d8d61_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>著名的此类物件,如出土自图坦卡蒙墓的铁匕首,就由铁陨石制成,并不代表当时古埃及拥有锻铁的技术,时间约 3300BCE</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-da0c37732aa20b41912f19633cfcd488_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>埃及博物馆图</figcaption></figure>\n<p>另一类是化学性质不活泼的贵金属,比如自然铂、金、银、铜。</p>\n<p>比如天然富集的大块金,又被称作狗头金</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-2887a4c23069c17e22c0cb3b2111b8bb_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>纯度高的金属,硬度普遍不足,但性质稳定、总量稀少,因此主要有两大用途:</p>\n<p>一是作为货币;二是作为装饰。</p>\n<p><strong>自然铜</strong></p>\n<p>铜在这里首次出场。</p>\n<p>人类最开始对铜的使用,从现有的考古学证据来看,就是自然铜。</p>\n<p>而限制早期人类使用自然铜的主要因素是地域分布和地表储量。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-5cc5c06e5508e8bf609ea996fdb345a0_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>自然铜</figcaption></figure>\n<p>这一年限可以非常早,可能随着更多考古新发现继续往前推:</p>\n<p>例如,在对北美古铜器的铅同位素比对(这是另一个很大的议题,这里不展开)以及 C14 测年显示,北美原住民(被称作印第安人)在 9500 年前就开始利用自然铜,但在 5000 年前中止了。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-b75106f289b72021c0119f7ac1cc0714_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>现代科学家根据出土物仿制的投掷器锥形铜尖</figcaption></figure>\n<p>这一结论打破了此前一些学者认为的,进入金属器历史后不会再退回石器的思维。</p>\n<p>其实,仅仅使用自然铜的情况下,如前文所言,自然铜只会被认为是诸多石材之中的一种。在金属硬度并不显著的情况下,自然铜被其他石材替代是可以理解的。</p>\n<p>这是新大陆的情况,而在旧大陆,人们对自然铜的应用历史同样悠久,并进一步形成了对金属器的一系列热锻加工。</p>\n<p><strong>低温冶炼金属</strong></p>\n<p>天然形成金属的量是非常有限的,但有另一颗科技树,可以获得金属——高温。</p>\n<p>并非高温的火堆就能还原金属。</p>\n<p>高温氛围必须分氧化性氛围和还原性氛围,而冶炼金属必须是还原性氛围。</p>\n<p><strong>还原性氛围</strong></p>\n<p>这里就牵扯到另一个与冶炼共用部分科技树的领域——陶瓷。</p>\n<p>熟悉我国古代陶器的读者们知道,陶器有不同的颜色:比如仰韶文化、马家窑文化时期等流行的红陶、还有龙山文化时期流行的灰陶。</p>\n<p>类似的,大家会看到,明清时期很多城墙房屋使用青砖、而 20 世纪我国的建筑以红砖为主。</p>\n<p>这里面其实就与氧化性氛围和还原性氛围有关。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-d3550dd82a6dc5fd2ea6488672022784_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>马家窑文化红陶彩陶(左)、龙山文化灰陶蛋壳陶(右)</figLine truncated
|
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"content": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-18c50f5a67200de03e7cca2bef5ff2f6_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>一直在做古代金属器科技史的科普和研学,这个问题本来也是一些场合我做线下科普的开场介绍部分,在这里赘述一番:</p>\n<p>古人与金属矿石打交道的时间很久远,比通常想象的更久远,要以万计,早于大家认知的文明史;</p>\n<p>同样的,古人对金属矿和金属器的认认知,也比通常想象的更缓慢,即便是认知速度相对飞快的古代中国。</p>\n<p>可以先放下我们作为现代人,对金属有着或多或少的认知。</p>\n<p>金属矿石,首先也是石。</p>\n<hr>\n<p>因此这个问题最早可以上溯到旧石器时代,人类对不同石头的挑选和改造。</p>\n<p>这里就出现了人类最早可以认知的第一类金属器:</p>\n<p><strong><strong>天然形成的自然金属</strong></strong></p>\n<p>一个显而易见的事实是,这些自然金属对于古人类而言,是一类特殊的石头。</p>\n<p>这一金属类型非常有限,大致分两大类:</p>\n<p>其中一类极为罕见,来自外太空,比如天然铁,尽管地球的铁元素非常丰富,但地表没有能形成自然铁的环境。</p>\n<p>只有一种罕见来源——铁陨石。</p>\n<p>北美原住民(被称作印第安人)就使用陨铁制作铁器。下图是一片陨铁,上面有原始加工痕迹,被有些学者认为是附近 2000 年前墓葬内铁器的来源。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-6411ea2a72bf5f3b41888eb9489d8d61_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>著名的此类物件,如出土自图坦卡蒙墓的铁匕首,就由铁陨石制成,并不代表当时古埃及拥有锻铁的技术,时间约 3300BCE</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-da0c37732aa20b41912f19633cfcd488_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>埃及博物馆图</figcaption></figure>\n<p>另一类是化学性质不活泼的贵金属,比如自然铂、金、银、铜。</p>\n<p>比如天然富集的大块金,又被称作狗头金</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-2887a4c23069c17e22c0cb3b2111b8bb_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>纯度高的金属,硬度普遍不足,但性质稳定、总量稀少,因此主要有两大用途:</p>\n<p>一是作为货币;二是作为装饰。</p>\n<p><strong>自然铜</strong></p>\n<p>铜在这里首次出场。</p>\n<p>人类最开始对铜的使用,从现有的考古学证据来看,就是自然铜。</p>\n<p>而限制早期人类使用自然铜的主要因素是地域分布和地表储量。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-5cc5c06e5508e8bf609ea996fdb345a0_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>自然铜</figcaption></figure>\n<p>这一年限可以非常早,可能随着更多考古新发现继续往前推:</p>\n<p>例如,在对北美古铜器的铅同位素比对(这是另一个很大的议题,这里不展开)以及 C14 测年显示,北美原住民(被称作印第安人)在 9500 年前就开始利用自然铜,但在 5000 年前中止了。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-b75106f289b72021c0119f7ac1cc0714_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>现代科学家根据出土物仿制的投掷器锥形铜尖</figcaption></figure>\n<p>这一结论打破了此前一些学者认为的,进入金属器历史后不会再退回石器的思维。</p>\n<p>其实,仅仅使用自然铜的情况下,如前文所言,自然铜只会被认为是诸多石材之中的一种。在金属硬度并不显著的情况下,自然铜被其他石材替代是可以理解的。</p>\n<p>这是新大陆的情况,而在旧大陆,人们对自然铜的应用历史同样悠久,并进一步形成了对金属器的一系列热锻加工。</p>\n<p><strong>低温冶炼金属</strong></p>\n<p>天然形成金属的量是非常有限的,但有另一颗科技树,可以获得金属——高温。</p>\n<p>并非高温的火堆就能还原金属。</p>\n<p>高温氛围必须分氧化性氛围和还原性氛围,而冶炼金属必须是还原性氛围。</p>\n<p><strong>还原性氛围</strong></p>\n<p>这里就牵扯到另一个与冶炼共用部分科技树的领域——陶瓷。</p>\n<p>熟悉我国古代陶器的读者们知道,陶器有不同的颜色:比如仰韶文化、马家窑文化时期等流行的红陶、还有龙山文化时期流行的灰陶。</p>\n<p>类似的,大家会看到,明清时期很多城墙房屋使用青砖、而 20 世纪我国的建筑以红砖为主。</p>\n<p>这里面其实就与氧化性氛围和还原性氛围有关。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-d3550dd82a6dc5fd2ea6488672022784_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>马家窑文化红陶彩陶(左)、龙山文化灰陶蛋壳陶(右)</figcaptLine truncated
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"title": "航天飞机为什么被淘汰?",
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"title": "航天飞机为什么被淘汰?",
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"description": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-76fed30f10beac07dc1504820516242c_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>如果这问题用“航天飞机”表示美国太空运输系统 Space Transportation System(以下称为 STS),那么其退役的主要原因是成本过高、安全性不足、维护困难。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-4ae95521eddcd76d0db2ad82bc0810ab_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>STS. 拍摄者:Caryn Bohn</figcaption></figure>\n<p>“航天飞机”一词表示水平着陆的、可重复使用的航天器,不限于 STS。现存的无人驾驶航天飞机可以完成一些任务,主要是科学和军事任务。今后,人们或许还会制造更多的航天飞机。</p>\n<p>历史上,STS 曾自称在以下方面超越运载火箭:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>重复使用</strong>。STS 计划起初吹嘘每架轨道飞行器可以复用 100 次,理论上比“为每次任务建造新航天器”便宜。在第一次发射前,STS 计划承诺“大大降低太空飞行的成本”。</li>\n<li><strong>载荷能力</strong>。可以运送 7 名航天员,可以发射·维修大型卫星、空间站结构、空间望远镜等,执行需要大量人员、物资的任务——必要时也包括“攻击敌人的航天器”、“将核弹丢在敌国”,尽管弹道导弹更擅长投送核弹。</li>\n<li><strong>特殊设备</strong>。STS 的机械臂等设备可帮助航天员执行相对复杂的舱外工作,在修复哈勃空间望远镜时声称“只有 STS 做得到”。</li>\n</ul>\n<p>后来,人们发现 STS 有以下问题:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>成本高昂</strong>。“重复使用”和“载荷能力”建立在昂贵的运行成本、维护成本、发射成本上,1972 年概算每磅有效载荷的成本按通货膨胀合 2012 年 1109 美元,实际上在不考虑研究与开发费用的情况下每磅有效载荷的成本高达 2012 年的 37207 美元,<em>超额 3255%</em>;STS 计划主任罗伯特·汤普森承认,后来设计阶段的主要目标“不包含降低造价”,因为“降低成本会导致其他技术要求无法满足”。1982 年,NASA 估算 STS 每次飞行花费 2.6 亿美元,估算时声称每年要发射 24 次、持续十年。实际上,STS 到退役共发射 135 次,平均每次发射耗资 16.42 亿美元。</li>\n<li><strong>过于复杂</strong>。STS 的“关键部件”数量众多,增加维护成本、延长维护时间、降低可行的发射频率和复用次数。轨道飞行器每次降落后要花 3 到 7 个月进行拆卸、检查、翻新,需要大量熟悉它的工作人员。STS 使用的多项技术,包括引擎,从未达到起初预想的水平。随着时间流逝,工作人员换代进一步降低 STS 的可维护性。</li>\n<li><strong>安全性差</strong>。1986 年挑战者号失事、2003 年哥伦比亚号失事造成大量航天员死亡,调查显示两次失事都归因于设计缺陷和安全管理问题,O 形环被腐蚀的事情发生过数次、没有引起足够关注,破坏哥伦比亚号隔热层的泡沫塑料块本就没必要安装、之前就曾脱落并砸到轨道飞行器上。STS 计划起初宣传事故率约 1/100000,失事后调查发现 STS 早期发射时发生“灾难性事故”的概率高达 1/9。后期经过改进,STS 的“灾难性事故”概率下降到约 1/90。美国找不到给 STS 配置有效的紧急逃生系统的方法。</li>\n</ul>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-52c41c5248f3327e0e2fc560af493b0c_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>挑战者号点火后 58.788 秒,右侧固体助推器出现羽流</figcaption></figure>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-ef5311c30a996e47c9d3512e7be9dcac_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>挑战者号失事</figcaption></figure>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-330251f37d6d604631cbe9d676e31f3f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>哥伦比亚号失事</figcaption></figure>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>必要性低</strong>。NASA 起初将 STS 的主要任务设为部署卫星,<em>给出的报价低于成本</em>,但一次性运载火箭的快速进步让用 STS 赔本发射卫星的吸引力仍然不足。轨道飞行器的死重对有效载荷的限制无法处理。用 STS 为轨道上的大部分卫星进行维护、加注燃料比用一次性火箭发射一个执行相同任务的新卫星还要贵,何况新卫星能够使用新技术提高效能。在挑战者号失事后,NASA 修改了 STS 的任务安排,缓解了这个问题。</li>\n</ul>\n<p>——从诞生到退役,STS 进行了 135 次发射,发生 2 次重大事故,死亡 14 人。轨道飞行器的最大复用次数为 39(发现号)。STS 的主发动机号称可以复用 55 次,实际上平均复用了约 7.8 次。</p>\n<p>苏联“暴风雪”号航天Line truncated
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"description": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-76fed30f10beac07dc1504820516242c_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>如果这问题用“航天飞机”表示美国太空运输系统 Space Transportation System(以下称为 STS),那么其退役的主要原因是成本过高、安全性不足、维护困难。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-4ae95521eddcd76d0db2ad82bc0810ab_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>STS. 拍摄者:Caryn Bohn</figcaption></figure>\n<p>“航天飞机”一词表示水平着陆的、可重复使用的航天器,不限于 STS。现存的无人驾驶航天飞机可以完成一些任务,主要是科学和军事任务。今后,人们或许还会制造更多的航天飞机。</p>\n<p>历史上,STS 曾自称在以下方面超越运载火箭:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>重复使用</strong>。STS 计划起初吹嘘每架轨道飞行器可以复用 100 次,理论上比“为每次任务建造新航天器”便宜。在第一次发射前,STS 计划承诺“大大降低太空飞行的成本”。</li>\n<li><strong>载荷能力</strong>。可以运送 7 名航天员,可以发射·维修大型卫星、空间站结构、空间望远镜等,执行需要大量人员、物资的任务——必要时也包括“攻击敌人的航天器”、“将核弹丢在敌国”,尽管弹道导弹更擅长投送核弹。</li>\n<li><strong>特殊设备</strong>。STS 的机械臂等设备可帮助航天员执行相对复杂的舱外工作,在修复哈勃空间望远镜时声称“只有 STS 做得到”。</li>\n</ul>\n<p>后来,人们发现 STS 有以下问题:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>成本高昂</strong>。“重复使用”和“载荷能力”建立在昂贵的运行成本、维护成本、发射成本上,1972 年概算每磅有效载荷的成本按通货膨胀合 2012 年 1109 美元,实际上在不考虑研究与开发费用的情况下每磅有效载荷的成本高达 2012 年的 37207 美元,<em>超额 3255%</em>;STS 计划主任罗伯特·汤普森承认,后来设计阶段的主要目标“不包含降低造价”,因为“降低成本会导致其他技术要求无法满足”。1982 年,NASA 估算 STS 每次飞行花费 2.6 亿美元,估算时声称每年要发射 24 次、持续十年。实际上,STS 到退役共发射 135 次,平均每次发射耗资 16.42 亿美元。</li>\n<li><strong>过于复杂</strong>。STS 的“关键部件”数量众多,增加维护成本、延长维护时间、降低可行的发射频率和复用次数。轨道飞行器每次降落后要花 3 到 7 个月进行拆卸、检查、翻新,需要大量熟悉它的工作人员。STS 使用的多项技术,包括引擎,从未达到起初预想的水平。随着时间流逝,工作人员换代进一步降低 STS 的可维护性。</li>\n<li><strong>安全性差</strong>。1986 年挑战者号失事、2003 年哥伦比亚号失事造成大量航天员死亡,调查显示两次失事都归因于设计缺陷和安全管理问题,O 形环被腐蚀的事情发生过数次、没有引起足够关注,破坏哥伦比亚号隔热层的泡沫塑料块本就没必要安装、之前就曾脱落并砸到轨道飞行器上。STS 计划起初宣传事故率约 1/100000,失事后调查发现 STS 早期发射时发生“灾难性事故”的概率高达 1/9。后期经过改进,STS 的“灾难性事故”概率下降到约 1/90。美国找不到给 STS 配置有效的紧急逃生系统的方法。</li>\n</ul>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-52c41c5248f3327e0e2fc560af493b0c_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>挑战者号点火后 58.788 秒,右侧固体助推器出现羽流</figcaption></figure>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-ef5311c30a996e47c9d3512e7be9dcac_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>挑战者号失事</figcaption></figure>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-330251f37d6d604631cbe9d676e31f3f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>哥伦比亚号失事</figcaption></figure>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>必要性低</strong>。NASA 起初将 STS 的主要任务设为部署卫星,<em>给出的报价低于成本</em>,但一次性运载火箭的快速进步让用 STS 赔本发射卫星的吸引力仍然不足。轨道飞行器的死重对有效载荷的限制无法处理。用 STS 为轨道上的大部分卫星进行维护、加注燃料比用一次性火箭发射一个执行相同任务的新卫星还要贵,何况新卫星能够使用新技术提高效能。在挑战者号失事后,NASA 修改了 STS 的任务安排,缓解了这个问题。</li>\n</ul>\n<p>——从诞生到退役,STS 进行了 135 次发射,发生 2 次重大事故,死亡 14 人。轨道飞行器的最大复用次数为 39(发现号)。STS 的主发动机号称可以复用 55 次,实际上平均复用了约 7.8 次。</p>\n<p>苏联“暴风雪”号航天Line truncated
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"title": "历史上有哪些名人,还是普通人的时候就相互熟悉?",
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"description": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-ba26b19cba61cf8e200f6ad02ea38dfe_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>洪武四年,明军从陕西、湖广分别向南、向西,兵分两路进攻割据四川的明夏政权。其中东路领兵将领是汤和,北路领兵将领是傅友德,由于明朝在前一年也就是洪武三年已经大封群臣,所以此时的汤和是中山侯,傅友德是颍川侯。当时明夏那边负责对付北路明军的是平章政事丁世贞和向大亨,负责对付东路明军的是邹兴和莫仁寿。</p>\n<p>在明军的战前规划中,本来东路军是主力,汤和也是老朱被调去刷军功的,没成想邹兴、莫仁寿和大夏太尉吴友仁三位把夔门守了个水泼不进,再加上酉阳、石砫等土司的协助,明军顿兵在此没有任何进展,所以反而是傅友德从北边进展迅速,先在文州击败丁世贞,随后在绵州击败向大亨,直逼成都,在夔门督战的大夏丞相戴寿、太尉吴友仁眼见西边要崩,赶紧从前线分兵去川西抵挡,然后被傅友德在汉州(四川广汉)击败了向大亨、戴寿、吴友仁三路合兵,随后进围成都。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-441d276942c5f8ac99f1fcf88f443e7f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>其实傅友德跟交手的这三位明夏高层都认识,早就认识。</p>\n<p>龙凤三年,韩宋太保刘福通调白不信、大刀敖、李喜喜驰援西路北伐军,傅友德跟着李喜喜进陕西作战,并在次年西路军兵败巩昌之后由阶、文向南退入四川,而恰在此时,担任徐宋统军都元帅的后来大夏开国太祖明玉珍也正好带着徐宋军队从夔门向西进入四川,于是这两位河南江北行省的老乡就这样在四川不期而遇,双方打了一仗,韩宋军队惨败,打不过就加入,所以傅友德就归附了明玉珍。</p>\n<blockquote>(傅)友德,其先宿州人,徙居颍州,后徙砀山,元末从山东李喜喜起兵,转攻剽入蜀,李喜喜败,归明玉珍。</blockquote>\n<p>当时明玉珍只是徐宋各路统兵将领里的一位,地位并不高,所以手下也没有多少人,数得着的基本也就戴寿、万胜、向大亨、张文炳、邹兴、吴友仁、莫仁寿等几位,而这几位在明玉珍称帝之后的称呼分别是<strong>冢宰戴寿</strong>、司马万胜、<strong>司寇向大亨</strong>、司空张文炳、司徒邹兴、<strong>司徒吴友仁</strong>、司寇莫仁寿。</p>\n<p>所以我其实很好奇,如果拍一部以傅友德为主角的电视剧,那么当这三位在汉州城外跟傅友德再次见面时,互相之间是个怎样的心情,台词又应该怎么写。</p>\n<p>1911 年 10 月,武昌城内一声枪响,辛亥革命爆发,随后极短时间内革命风潮席卷全国,武昌作为这次革命的引爆点,也成为清军与革命军的重点交火对象,清军参战部队是北洋系的新军的第一、第四、<strong>第五镇</strong>,革命军是湖北新军<strong>第八镇</strong>,双方从从 10 月 18 日革命军主动进攻汉口刘家庙清军阵地开始,到 11 月 27 日清军攻陷汉阳结束,恶战四十一天。</p>\n<p>其实这并不是双方的第一次照面。</p>\n<p>光绪三十二年,1906,10 月,清朝为了检验新建陆军的成色,在河南安阳举行了一次军事演习,史称彰德秋操。参加这次野战演习的北军是新军<strong>第五镇</strong>及第一混成协,南军是湖北的新军<strong>第八镇</strong>和河南第二十九混成协,双方出动军队三万余人,马五千余匹,车一千五百多辆,各省都派出观操大员,还有外国的驻华武官观战,甚至还有国内外媒体记者记录实时报道。</p>\n<p>也是在这场军事演习中,后来叱咤中国二十年的人物纷纷登场。</p>\n<p>阅操大臣是后来的民国第一任大总统袁世凯,演习总参议是后来的民国陆军总长王士珍,中央审判长是辛亥革命时革命军陆军第八师师长哈汉章,南军审判长是冯国璋,秋操参谋是徐世昌,南军第八镇统制是黎元洪,北军第五镇统制是张怀芝,北军混成第一协统领是曹锟。</p>\n<p>当时有个年轻参谋在讲评会上问张怀芝:第五镇来了多少人?留守的有多少人?有多少病号?多少轻病?多少重病?帐篷来了多少?马匹来了多少?张怀芝答不上来,面红耳赤哑口无言。而他后来担任新军第二十镇统制,武昌起义爆发的时候他正在筹划着利用永平秋操的机会,与第六镇统制吴禄贞、第二混成协协统蓝天蔚一起弄假成真直接武装起义。他叫张绍曾。</p>\n<p>把这段趣事记录下来的人叫冯玉祥,时任新军第六镇十一协二十四标第三营后队排长。</p>\n<p>当时各省新Line truncated
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"content": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-ba26b19cba61cf8e200f6ad02ea38dfe_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>洪武四年,明军从陕西、湖广分别向南、向西,兵分两路进攻割据四川的明夏政权。其中东路领兵将领是汤和,北路领兵将领是傅友德,由于明朝在前一年也就是洪武三年已经大封群臣,所以此时的汤和是中山侯,傅友德是颍川侯。当时明夏那边负责对付北路明军的是平章政事丁世贞和向大亨,负责对付东路明军的是邹兴和莫仁寿。</p>\n<p>在明军的战前规划中,本来东路军是主力,汤和也是老朱被调去刷军功的,没成想邹兴、莫仁寿和大夏太尉吴友仁三位把夔门守了个水泼不进,再加上酉阳、石砫等土司的协助,明军顿兵在此没有任何进展,所以反而是傅友德从北边进展迅速,先在文州击败丁世贞,随后在绵州击败向大亨,直逼成都,在夔门督战的大夏丞相戴寿、太尉吴友仁眼见西边要崩,赶紧从前线分兵去川西抵挡,然后被傅友德在汉州(四川广汉)击败了向大亨、戴寿、吴友仁三路合兵,随后进围成都。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-441d276942c5f8ac99f1fcf88f443e7f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>其实傅友德跟交手的这三位明夏高层都认识,早就认识。</p>\n<p>龙凤三年,韩宋太保刘福通调白不信、大刀敖、李喜喜驰援西路北伐军,傅友德跟着李喜喜进陕西作战,并在次年西路军兵败巩昌之后由阶、文向南退入四川,而恰在此时,担任徐宋统军都元帅的后来大夏开国太祖明玉珍也正好带着徐宋军队从夔门向西进入四川,于是这两位河南江北行省的老乡就这样在四川不期而遇,双方打了一仗,韩宋军队惨败,打不过就加入,所以傅友德就归附了明玉珍。</p>\n<blockquote>(傅)友德,其先宿州人,徙居颍州,后徙砀山,元末从山东李喜喜起兵,转攻剽入蜀,李喜喜败,归明玉珍。</blockquote>\n<p>当时明玉珍只是徐宋各路统兵将领里的一位,地位并不高,所以手下也没有多少人,数得着的基本也就戴寿、万胜、向大亨、张文炳、邹兴、吴友仁、莫仁寿等几位,而这几位在明玉珍称帝之后的称呼分别是<strong>冢宰戴寿</strong>、司马万胜、<strong>司寇向大亨</strong>、司空张文炳、司徒邹兴、<strong>司徒吴友仁</strong>、司寇莫仁寿。</p>\n<p>所以我其实很好奇,如果拍一部以傅友德为主角的电视剧,那么当这三位在汉州城外跟傅友德再次见面时,互相之间是个怎样的心情,台词又应该怎么写。</p>\n<p>1911 年 10 月,武昌城内一声枪响,辛亥革命爆发,随后极短时间内革命风潮席卷全国,武昌作为这次革命的引爆点,也成为清军与革命军的重点交火对象,清军参战部队是北洋系的新军的第一、第四、<strong>第五镇</strong>,革命军是湖北新军<strong>第八镇</strong>,双方从从 10 月 18 日革命军主动进攻汉口刘家庙清军阵地开始,到 11 月 27 日清军攻陷汉阳结束,恶战四十一天。</p>\n<p>其实这并不是双方的第一次照面。</p>\n<p>光绪三十二年,1906,10 月,清朝为了检验新建陆军的成色,在河南安阳举行了一次军事演习,史称彰德秋操。参加这次野战演习的北军是新军<strong>第五镇</strong>及第一混成协,南军是湖北的新军<strong>第八镇</strong>和河南第二十九混成协,双方出动军队三万余人,马五千余匹,车一千五百多辆,各省都派出观操大员,还有外国的驻华武官观战,甚至还有国内外媒体记者记录实时报道。</p>\n<p>也是在这场军事演习中,后来叱咤中国二十年的人物纷纷登场。</p>\n<p>阅操大臣是后来的民国第一任大总统袁世凯,演习总参议是后来的民国陆军总长王士珍,中央审判长是辛亥革命时革命军陆军第八师师长哈汉章,南军审判长是冯国璋,秋操参谋是徐世昌,南军第八镇统制是黎元洪,北军第五镇统制是张怀芝,北军混成第一协统领是曹锟。</p>\n<p>当时有个年轻参谋在讲评会上问张怀芝:第五镇来了多少人?留守的有多少人?有多少病号?多少轻病?多少重病?帐篷来了多少?马匹来了多少?张怀芝答不上来,面红耳赤哑口无言。而他后来担任新军第二十镇统制,武昌起义爆发的时候他正在筹划着利用永平秋操的机会,与第六镇统制吴禄贞、第二混成协协统蓝天蔚一起弄假成真直接武装起义。他叫张绍曾。</p>\n<p>把这段趣事记录下来的人叫冯玉祥,时任新军第六镇十一协二十四标第三营后队排长。</p>\n<p>当时各省新军Line truncated
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"title": "牙齿是 tooth ,医生是 doctor ,那为什么牙医不是 tooth doctor ,而是 dentist ?",
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"title": "牙齿是 tooth ,医生是 doctor ,那为什么牙医不是 tooth doctor ,而是 dentist ?",
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"description": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-9d8826f6f05df9f37aa27f15ab142e1c_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>实际上 dent- 和 tooth 是同源的,意思也相同,只不过前者借自拉丁语(或法语)而后者是英语本土词。</p>\n<p>其实不止这俩,英语还有第三个表示牙齿的词根——odont-,比如 odontology(牙科学),odontoid(齿状的),这个词根来自希腊语,和前面提到过的拉丁词根 dent-、英语本土 tooth 全部同源</p>\n<p>由于英语、拉丁语、希腊语都属于印欧语系,在很多年前是同一种语言,因此他们彼此之间有大量同源词是很正常的事情,「牙齿」就是一个例子。</p>\n<p>那么在这三种语言分开之前,原始印欧语是怎么说牙齿的呢?——*h₃dónts</p>\n<ol>\n<li>之后这个词走了三条路,演变为了英语中的三个词 / 词根:*h₃dónts>*tanþs(原始日耳曼语,词首辅音前喉音消失,格林定律推移 d>t>þ,短元音 o 变 a)>tōþ(古英语,北海日耳曼语擦音前鼻音消失,并导致前面的短 a 延长再高化至ō)>tooth(现代英语)</li>\n<li>*h₃dónts>*h₃dn̩ts(零级形式)>*dents(原始意大利语,词首辅音前喉音消失)>dēns(拉丁语,dēns 是主格,很多变形依然保留了 dent- 的形式,比如宾格为 dentem。后代包括意大利语 dente,葡萄牙语 dente,西班牙语 diente,罗马尼亚语 dinte,加泰罗尼亚语 / 奥克语 dent,法语 dent 等)→借入英语 dent-</li>\n<li>*h₃dónts>*odónts(原始希腊语,词首辅音前的第三喉音 h₃元音化为 o)>odoús(古典希腊语(已拉丁转写),odoús 是主格,很多变形依然保留了 odont- 的形式,比如宾格 odónta)→借入英语 odont-</li>\n</ol><hr>\n<p>至于为什么英语会通过借词整出这三个同源同义不同形的词或词根……因为很长一段时间盎撒人以尊法、拉丁、希腊为荣,借了大量法语 / 拉丁 / 希腊词汇,同在造高级词汇时也倾向于使用法语 / 拉丁 / 希腊词根而非本土词(这点其实不止盎撒人,整个欧洲或多或少都有这种倾向,只是盎撒人的这种倾向很大),就类似于——近代日本人在造高级词汇时也倾向于使用汉语词(音读)而非和语词。日本人造了不少和制汉语,盎撒人同样造了不少「盎制拉丁语 / 希腊语」,比如 internet 就是美国人用拉丁词根造出来的</p>\n<p>再举一些英语中类似的「同源同义不同形」词 / 词根例子(按本土,拉丁,希腊的顺序排):</p>\n<ul>\n<li>over,super-,hyper-</li>\n<li>un-,in-(im-/ir-/il-),a-(元音或 h 前作 an-)</li>\n<li>heart,cordi-/core,cardio-</li>\n<li>night,nocto-,nycto-</li>\n<li>foot-,pedo-,podo-</li>\n<li>tear,lacrimal,dacryo-</li>\n<li>two-,duo-/bi-,di-/dy-</li>\n<li>three,tri-,tri-</li>\n<li>four,quart-/quadr-,tetra-</li>\n<li>five,quint-,penta-</li>\n<li>six-,sex-,hexa-</li>\n<li>seven,sept-,hept-</li>\n<li>eight,octo-,octo-/octa-</li>\n<li>nine,nona-,ennea-</li>\n<li>ten,deci-,deca-</li>\n<li>hundred,centi-/cent-,hecato-/hecto-</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</div>\n\n\n<div><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/1914023697024525407\">查看知乎讨论<span></span></a></div>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n</div>",
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"description": "<div><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-9d8826f6f05df9f37aa27f15ab142e1c_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>实际上 dent- 和 tooth 是同源的,意思也相同,只不过前者借自拉丁语(或法语)而后者是英语本土词。</p>\n<p>其实不止这俩,英语还有第三个表示牙齿的词根——odont-,比如 odontology(牙科学),odontoid(齿状的),这个词根来自希腊语,和前面提到过的拉丁词根 dent-、英语本土 tooth 全部同源</p>\n<p>由于英语、拉丁语、希腊语都属于印欧语系,在很多年前是同一种语言,因此他们彼此之间有大量同源词是很正常的事情,「牙齿」就是一个例子。</p>\n<p>那么在这三种语言分开之前,原始印欧语是怎么说牙齿的呢?——*h₃dónts</p>\n<ol>\n<li>之后这个词走了三条路,演变为了英语中的三个词 / 词根:*h₃dónts>*tanþs(原始日耳曼语,词首辅音前喉音消失,格林定律推移 d>t>þ,短元音 o 变 a)>tōþ(古英语,北海日耳曼语擦音前鼻音消失,并导致前面的短 a 延长再高化至ō)>tooth(现代英语)</li>\n<li>*h₃dónts>*h₃dn̩ts(零级形式)>*dents(原始意大利语,词首辅音前喉音消失)>dēns(拉丁语,dēns 是主格,很多变形依然保留了 dent- 的形式,比如宾格为 dentem。后代包括意大利语 dente,葡萄牙语 dente,西班牙语 diente,罗马尼亚语 dinte,加泰罗尼亚语 / 奥克语 dent,法语 dent 等)→借入英语 dent-</li>\n<li>*h₃dónts>*odónts(原始希腊语,词首辅音前的第三喉音 h₃元音化为 o)>odoús(古典希腊语(已拉丁转写),odoús 是主格,很多变形依然保留了 odont- 的形式,比如宾格 odónta)→借入英语 odont-</li>\n</ol><hr>\n<p>至于为什么英语会通过借词整出这三个同源同义不同形的词或词根……因为很长一段时间盎撒人以尊法、拉丁、希腊为荣,借了大量法语 / 拉丁 / 希腊词汇,同在造高级词汇时也倾向于使用法语 / 拉丁 / 希腊词根而非本土词(这点其实不止盎撒人,整个欧洲或多或少都有这种倾向,只是盎撒人的这种倾向很大),就类似于——近代日本人在造高级词汇时也倾向于使用汉语词(音读)而非和语词。日本人造了不少和制汉语,盎撒人同样造了不少「盎制拉丁语 / 希腊语」,比如 internet 就是美国人用拉丁词根造出来的</p>\n<p>再举一些英语中类似的「同源同义不同形」词 / 词根例子(按本土,拉丁,希腊的顺序排):</p>\n<ul>\n<li>over,super-,hyper-</li>\n<li>un-,in-(im-/ir-/il-),a-(元音或 h 前作 an-)</li>\n<li>heart,cordi-/core,cardio-</li>\n<li>night,nocto-,nycto-</li>\n<li>foot-,pedo-,podo-</li>\n<li>tear,lacrimal,dacryo-</li>\n<li>two-,duo-/bi-,di-/dy-</li>\n<li>three,tri-,tri-</li>\n<li>four,quart-/quadr-,tetra-</li>\n<li>five,quint-,penta-</li>\n<li>six-,sex-,hexa-</li>\n<li>seven,sept-,hept-</li>\n<li>eight,octo-,octo-/octa-</li>\n<li>nine,nona-,ennea-</li>\n<li>ten,deci-,deca-</li>\n<li>hundred,centi-/cent-,hecato-/hecto-</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</div>\n\n\n<div><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/1914023697024525407\">查看知乎讨论<span></span></a></div>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n</div>",
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"title": "有哪些类似武汉这样,由若干地名拼成的地名?",
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"description": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-f3e4101d47faf763670f4bc6b0bd672b_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>大元朝这种地名多的是:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-47abaed80c3144339197efa0ba1c556a_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>比如这个经典的“松潘叠宕威茂州宣抚司”。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-5e392b588c84823077b1bd58af445047_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>乌思藏纳里速古鲁孙等三路宣慰使司都元帅府</p>\n<p>碉门鱼通等处管军守镇万户府</p>\n<p>松潘宕叠威茂州等处军民安抚使司</p>\n<p>碉门鱼通黎雅长河西宁远等处军民安抚使司</p>\n<p>以地图上的这个“松潘叠宕威茂州宣抚司”为例,它是这么来的。北周、隋、唐的时候,在今天的甘南、川西一带设置过很多的州,虽然后来这地方被吐蕃占领导致唐后期荒废了,宋朝也没有收复此处,但这个地名是留下了的,等到蒙古人占领青藏之后,就把这些州拢到一块,设置了一个上级单位,也就是把这里的松州、潘州、叠州、宕州、威州、茂州拼到了一起,于是就有了醒目提神的松潘叠宕威茂州宣抚司,其中松州在今天的四川松潘县,潘州在四川若尔盖县求吉乡甲基村,叠州在甘肃迭部,宕州在甘肃舟曲西北(也是宕昌县的名字来源),威州在四川汶川,茂州在四川茂县。</p>\n<p>同理,乌思藏纳里速古鲁孙等三路宣慰使司都元帅府也是乌思、藏、纳里、速古鲁孙四个合在一起的,碉门鱼通黎雅长河西宁远等处军民安抚使司说的是碉门安抚司、鱼通万户府、黎州、雅州、长河西管军万户府、宁远府这六家拢一块。</p>\n<p>后来这招也被明朝学了去,在广大土司地区运用的炉火纯青。</p>\n<p>比如都匀南边有个叫“合江洲陈蒙烂土长官司”的土司,他是把元朝在这里设置的合江州、陈蒙州以及烂土寨三家土司合并成了一个。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-f0d37fa694c616e534d7b63540f36009_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>镇远附近的臻剖六洞横坡等处长官司、镇远溪洞金容金达蛮夷长官司,也是同理。本来设置的臻剖长官司、六洞长官司、横坡长官司,而这里头的臻剖长官司又是臻洞、剖洞两个土司村寨合并设置的,后来这四个合并成了一个,就叫臻剖六洞横坡等处长官司;镇远溪洞金容金达蛮夷长官司也是如此,以前是镇远、金容、金达三个土司。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-a4d10c4c5a217f47ed5796e422df4972_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>其实存留今天的拼凑地名,很多是清代把明代的卫所合二为一改设为县的情况,比如山西大同东边有天城卫、镇虏卫,阳和卫、高山卫,西边有大同左卫、云川卫,大同右卫、玉林卫这么四对八个卫所,两两同城,所以清代改设县的时候直接就是各取一个字,天城卫、镇虏卫合并就叫天镇县,阳和卫、高山卫合并就叫阳高县,大同左卫、云川卫合并叫左云县,大同右卫、玉林卫合并叫右玉县,同时,大同北边也有一个这样的地名,雍正十二年在长城以北设置丰川卫、镇宁所,乾隆十五年合此二区划为一,各取一字,就叫丰镇。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-69c779b23f31d82c073e997ed4733a3c_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>贵州也有一个,洪武二十三年设置威清卫,崇祯三年平定水西叛乱之后又设镇西卫,康熙二十六年废威清、镇西二卫设县,名字就各取一个字,叫清镇县,由于处在西南,所以很多人都忘了,这个名字也是卫所二合一来的。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-eb4fc921622633138c38078021096382_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n</div>\n</div>\n\n\n<div><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/12015309264\">查看知乎讨论<span></span></a></div>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n</div>",
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"content": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-f3e4101d47faf763670f4bc6b0bd672b_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>大元朝这种地名多的是:</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-47abaed80c3144339197efa0ba1c556a_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>比如这个经典的“松潘叠宕威茂州宣抚司”。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-5e392b588c84823077b1bd58af445047_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>乌思藏纳里速古鲁孙等三路宣慰使司都元帅府</p>\n<p>碉门鱼通等处管军守镇万户府</p>\n<p>松潘宕叠威茂州等处军民安抚使司</p>\n<p>碉门鱼通黎雅长河西宁远等处军民安抚使司</p>\n<p>以地图上的这个“松潘叠宕威茂州宣抚司”为例,它是这么来的。北周、隋、唐的时候,在今天的甘南、川西一带设置过很多的州,虽然后来这地方被吐蕃占领导致唐后期荒废了,宋朝也没有收复此处,但这个地名是留下了的,等到蒙古人占领青藏之后,就把这些州拢到一块,设置了一个上级单位,也就是把这里的松州、潘州、叠州、宕州、威州、茂州拼到了一起,于是就有了醒目提神的松潘叠宕威茂州宣抚司,其中松州在今天的四川松潘县,潘州在四川若尔盖县求吉乡甲基村,叠州在甘肃迭部,宕州在甘肃舟曲西北(也是宕昌县的名字来源),威州在四川汶川,茂州在四川茂县。</p>\n<p>同理,乌思藏纳里速古鲁孙等三路宣慰使司都元帅府也是乌思、藏、纳里、速古鲁孙四个合在一起的,碉门鱼通黎雅长河西宁远等处军民安抚使司说的是碉门安抚司、鱼通万户府、黎州、雅州、长河西管军万户府、宁远府这六家拢一块。</p>\n<p>后来这招也被明朝学了去,在广大土司地区运用的炉火纯青。</p>\n<p>比如都匀南边有个叫“合江洲陈蒙烂土长官司”的土司,他是把元朝在这里设置的合江州、陈蒙州以及烂土寨三家土司合并成了一个。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-f0d37fa694c616e534d7b63540f36009_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>镇远附近的臻剖六洞横坡等处长官司、镇远溪洞金容金达蛮夷长官司,也是同理。本来设置的臻剖长官司、六洞长官司、横坡长官司,而这里头的臻剖长官司又是臻洞、剖洞两个土司村寨合并设置的,后来这四个合并成了一个,就叫臻剖六洞横坡等处长官司;镇远溪洞金容金达蛮夷长官司也是如此,以前是镇远、金容、金达三个土司。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-a4d10c4c5a217f47ed5796e422df4972_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>其实存留今天的拼凑地名,很多是清代把明代的卫所合二为一改设为县的情况,比如山西大同东边有天城卫、镇虏卫,阳和卫、高山卫,西边有大同左卫、云川卫,大同右卫、玉林卫这么四对八个卫所,两两同城,所以清代改设县的时候直接就是各取一个字,天城卫、镇虏卫合并就叫天镇县,阳和卫、高山卫合并就叫阳高县,大同左卫、云川卫合并叫左云县,大同右卫、玉林卫合并叫右玉县,同时,大同北边也有一个这样的地名,雍正十二年在长城以北设置丰川卫、镇宁所,乾隆十五年合此二区划为一,各取一字,就叫丰镇。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-69c779b23f31d82c073e997ed4733a3c_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>贵州也有一个,洪武二十三年设置威清卫,崇祯三年平定水西叛乱之后又设镇西卫,康熙二十六年废威清、镇西二卫设县,名字就各取一个字,叫清镇县,由于处在西南,所以很多人都忘了,这个名字也是卫所二合一来的。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-eb4fc921622633138c38078021096382_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n</div>\n</div>\n\n\n<div><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/12015309264\">查看知乎讨论<span></span></a></div>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n</div>",
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"title": "宋朝不可以随便杀牛,为什么「好汉们」却总能吃到牛肉?",
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"title": "宋朝不可以随便杀牛,为什么「好汉们」却总能吃到牛肉?",
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"description": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-6f1d3f69ef4107f1cb3822c4e0f6231f_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>不准随便杀牛,不等于吃不了牛肉。</p>\n<p>像是汉朝也禁止杀牛,横人董卓楞是带头杀牛,杀的还是耕牛。不是偷偷摸摸地杀牛,吃牛。</p>\n<p>而是有人投靠自己时,就召集一群人来大吃特吃,搞起宴席,生怕别人不知道他杀了耕牛吃了牛肉一般,“诸豪帅有来从之者,卓为杀耕牛,与共宴乐。”</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-6f7760752da3aa554ede371a1134eabb_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\"><figcaption>图片来自网络,供参考</figcaption></figure>\n<p>宋朝也是这样,上有政策,下有对策。</p>\n<p>像董卓那样的强横,老百姓很难学,多数人也不大敢学。这样大张旗鼓的,无疑是鼓励邻里把自己给卖了。</p>\n<p>两宋之时,确实明文禁止屠牛杀牛。《宋会要辑稿》也有多项规定,比如,“昭牛羊司畜孳乳者并放牧之,无得宰杀。”又比如,“自今屠耕牛及盗杀牛罪不至死者,并系狱以闻,当从重断。”</p>\n<p>但百姓也有一些个人应对,有的是紧急情况不得不吃,有的是形成规模获取暴利,也不是别的时代,就在宋朝。</p>\n<p>先看第一种,紧急避险,呆萌可爱的hello kitty逼急了,也能变成老虎一战。</p>\n<p>《宋史<span>》卷四百二十六列传第一百八十五</span>,“初,民饥,多杀耕牛食之。”饿死事大,先保命要紧,被动主动地尝尝牛肉的味道,哪怕后果是“犯者皆配关中。”</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-d7bb8a8ac56bd96a7b0a69aff0fc760f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\"><figcaption>图片来自网络,供参考</figcaption></figure>\n<p>接下来是第二种,一些地方公开化的宴席吃牛现象。梁山好汉们在一些地方吃到类似的牛肉饭菜,并不奇怪。</p>\n<p>事实上,在宋朝的浙江秀州(今天的嘉兴市一带)搞宴席时,当地民众就爱吃牛肉,以至于“凡百筵会,必杀牛取肉,巧为庖馔,恣啖为乐。”</p>\n<blockquote>秀州青龙镇盛肇,凡百筵会,必杀牛取肉,巧为庖馔,恣啖为乐。</blockquote>\n<p>宋真宗时期,“浙民以牛肉为上味,不逞之辈竞于屠杀。”因为当地吃牛的人太多了,有大臣就建议说,皇上,要不就算了吧,别罚了,罚不过来啊。</p>\n<p>当然, 我个人发挥了一下,这是原文,“事发即逮捕滋广,请释不问罪。”</p>\n<p>南宋《建炎以来系年要录》也说,当时的福建、江浙等地涌现了规模化的贩牛屠宰,原文为,“福建、江浙贩牛屠宰,十百为群。”</p>\n<p>南宋判例汇编《名公书判清明集》,详细地记录了一些见闻,都是城里城外公然买卖牛肉的,“数日以来,闻诸道途之言,自界首以至近境,<strong>店肆之间,公然鬻卖,</strong>而城市之中亦复滔滔皆是。”</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-b525b1efac886a8e5f5a02eee1a5e25e_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\"><figcaption>图片来自网络,供参考</figcaption></figure>\n<p>第三种,为换取更大的利益,贩牛、偷牛、杀牛。</p>\n<p>前面提到,“福建、江浙贩牛屠宰,十百为群。”也是类似的情况。</p>\n<p>违禁屠牛吃牛肉的情况,有的就发生在北宋天子眼皮底下的开封府。</p>\n<p>《宋会要辑稿》记了一个经典案例,“京城无赖辈,相聚蒲博,开柜坊,<strong>屠牛马驴狗以食,</strong>销铸铜钱,为器用杂物,令开封府戒坊市谨捕之,犯者斩……”</p>\n<p>接下来,是南宋福建泉州的偷牛、转售、杀牛,已形成一定的灰色产业链,“……屠牛之风,与盗贼实相表里。盖屠牛者,盗杀人之牛,与承盗者之牛而屠之。”</p>\n<p>哦,对了,在泉州城内屠杀牛牛的人,甚至还有一些身份不大一样的人,他们是赵宋宗室子弟,相对没落的那一部分。</p>\n<p>相应记录出自南宋福建人陈淳《上傅寺丞论民间利病六条》,</p>\n<blockquote>此间屠牛,在城是宗室不检者,乡村是亡命浮浪者。</blockquote>\n<p>现在。</p>\n<p>我们再回头看看问题,</p>\n<blockquote>宋朝不可以随便杀牛,为什么“好汉们”却总能吃到牛肉?</blockquote>\n<p>当赵宋宗室的一些子弟都按捺不住,公然屠牛牟利时。</p>\n<p>人家梁山好汉们,或明或暗地喝酒,吃牛肉,算甚问题!</p>\n<p>(图片来自网络,供参考)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n\n\n<div><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/1910010355737956387\">查看知乎讨论<span></span></a></div>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n</div><br><hr><div>获取更多RSS:<br><a hLine truncated
|
"description": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-6f1d3f69ef4107f1cb3822c4e0f6231f_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>不准随便杀牛,不等于吃不了牛肉。</p>\n<p>像是汉朝也禁止杀牛,横人董卓楞是带头杀牛,杀的还是耕牛。不是偷偷摸摸地杀牛,吃牛。</p>\n<p>而是有人投靠自己时,就召集一群人来大吃特吃,搞起宴席,生怕别人不知道他杀了耕牛吃了牛肉一般,“诸豪帅有来从之者,卓为杀耕牛,与共宴乐。”</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-6f7760752da3aa554ede371a1134eabb_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\"><figcaption>图片来自网络,供参考</figcaption></figure>\n<p>宋朝也是这样,上有政策,下有对策。</p>\n<p>像董卓那样的强横,老百姓很难学,多数人也不大敢学。这样大张旗鼓的,无疑是鼓励邻里把自己给卖了。</p>\n<p>两宋之时,确实明文禁止屠牛杀牛。《宋会要辑稿》也有多项规定,比如,“昭牛羊司畜孳乳者并放牧之,无得宰杀。”又比如,“自今屠耕牛及盗杀牛罪不至死者,并系狱以闻,当从重断。”</p>\n<p>但百姓也有一些个人应对,有的是紧急情况不得不吃,有的是形成规模获取暴利,也不是别的时代,就在宋朝。</p>\n<p>先看第一种,紧急避险,呆萌可爱的hello kitty逼急了,也能变成老虎一战。</p>\n<p>《宋史<span>》卷四百二十六列传第一百八十五</span>,“初,民饥,多杀耕牛食之。”饿死事大,先保命要紧,被动主动地尝尝牛肉的味道,哪怕后果是“犯者皆配关中。”</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-d7bb8a8ac56bd96a7b0a69aff0fc760f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\"><figcaption>图片来自网络,供参考</figcaption></figure>\n<p>接下来是第二种,一些地方公开化的宴席吃牛现象。梁山好汉们在一些地方吃到类似的牛肉饭菜,并不奇怪。</p>\n<p>事实上,在宋朝的浙江秀州(今天的嘉兴市一带)搞宴席时,当地民众就爱吃牛肉,以至于“凡百筵会,必杀牛取肉,巧为庖馔,恣啖为乐。”</p>\n<blockquote>秀州青龙镇盛肇,凡百筵会,必杀牛取肉,巧为庖馔,恣啖为乐。</blockquote>\n<p>宋真宗时期,“浙民以牛肉为上味,不逞之辈竞于屠杀。”因为当地吃牛的人太多了,有大臣就建议说,皇上,要不就算了吧,别罚了,罚不过来啊。</p>\n<p>当然, 我个人发挥了一下,这是原文,“事发即逮捕滋广,请释不问罪。”</p>\n<p>南宋《建炎以来系年要录》也说,当时的福建、江浙等地涌现了规模化的贩牛屠宰,原文为,“福建、江浙贩牛屠宰,十百为群。”</p>\n<p>南宋判例汇编《名公书判清明集》,详细地记录了一些见闻,都是城里城外公然买卖牛肉的,“数日以来,闻诸道途之言,自界首以至近境,<strong>店肆之间,公然鬻卖,</strong>而城市之中亦复滔滔皆是。”</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-b525b1efac886a8e5f5a02eee1a5e25e_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\"><figcaption>图片来自网络,供参考</figcaption></figure>\n<p>第三种,为换取更大的利益,贩牛、偷牛、杀牛。</p>\n<p>前面提到,“福建、江浙贩牛屠宰,十百为群。”也是类似的情况。</p>\n<p>违禁屠牛吃牛肉的情况,有的就发生在北宋天子眼皮底下的开封府。</p>\n<p>《宋会要辑稿》记了一个经典案例,“京城无赖辈,相聚蒲博,开柜坊,<strong>屠牛马驴狗以食,</strong>销铸铜钱,为器用杂物,令开封府戒坊市谨捕之,犯者斩……”</p>\n<p>接下来,是南宋福建泉州的偷牛、转售、杀牛,已形成一定的灰色产业链,“……屠牛之风,与盗贼实相表里。盖屠牛者,盗杀人之牛,与承盗者之牛而屠之。”</p>\n<p>哦,对了,在泉州城内屠杀牛牛的人,甚至还有一些身份不大一样的人,他们是赵宋宗室子弟,相对没落的那一部分。</p>\n<p>相应记录出自南宋福建人陈淳《上傅寺丞论民间利病六条》,</p>\n<blockquote>此间屠牛,在城是宗室不检者,乡村是亡命浮浪者。</blockquote>\n<p>现在。</p>\n<p>我们再回头看看问题,</p>\n<blockquote>宋朝不可以随便杀牛,为什么“好汉们”却总能吃到牛肉?</blockquote>\n<p>当赵宋宗室的一些子弟都按捺不住,公然屠牛牟利时。</p>\n<p>人家梁山好汉们,或明或暗地喝酒,吃牛肉,算甚问题!</p>\n<p>(图片来自网络,供参考)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n\n\n<div><a href=\"https://www.zhihu.com/question/1910010355737956387\">查看知乎讨论<span></span></a></div>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n</div><br><hr><div>获取更多RSS:<br><a hLine truncated
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"description": "中英文双语热点新闻,配以地道音频及词汇解析, 经典美剧赏析, 热门词汇翻译,分享最地道的英语表达, 国内外新鲜英语趣闻及时事热点- 21英语",
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"description": "中英文双语热点新闻,配以地道音频及词汇解析, 经典美剧赏析, 热门词汇翻译,分享最地道的英语表达, 国内外新鲜英语趣闻及时事热点- 21英语",
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"title": "研究:置身大自然会对你体验时间的方式产生深远影响",
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"description": "<div><div class=\"mian_txt\" id=\"Content\">\n\n \n\n \n \n\n <p>研究发现,置身大自然会让你感觉时间过得更慢,有助于将你的注意力从眼前转移到未来的需求上。你将能够延迟即时满足感,转而追求长期回报,而不是永远生活在“只求过得去”的状态中。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<figure class=\"image\" style=\"display: table;\"> \n <img src=\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/05/66d95738a3108f29a8b66ee6.jpeg\" data-from=\"newsroom\" data-mimetype=\"image/jpeg\" id=\"img-66d95738a3108f29a8b66ee6\"> \n <figcaption style=\"display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom;\">\n Photo/Pexels \n </figcaption> \n</figure> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Do you ever get that feeling that there aren't enough hours in the day? That time is somehow racing away from you, and it is impossible to fit everything in. But then, you step outside into the countryside and suddenly everything seems slower, more relaxed, like time has somehow changed.</p> \n<p>你是否有过这样的感觉:一天的时间不够用?时间不知不觉地从你身边溜走,不可能把所有事情都安排好。但是,当你走到郊外,突然间一切都变得缓慢、轻松起来,就好像时间发生了某种变化。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>It's not just you – recent research showed nature can regulate our sense of time.</p> \n<p>不仅仅是你,最近的研究表明,大自然可以调节我们的时间感。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>For many of us, the combined demands of work, home and family mean that we are always feeling like we don't have enough time. Time poverty has also been exacerbated by digital technologies. Permanent connectivity extends working hours and can make it difficult to switch off from the demands of friends and family.</p> \n<p>对我们许多人来说,工作、家庭和家人的综合需求意味着我们总是感觉时间不够用。数字技术也加剧了时间贫乏。永久连接延长了工作时间,也使我们难以摆脱朋友和家人的要求。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Recent research suggests that the antidote to our lack of time may lie in the natural world. Psychologist Richardo Correia, at the University of Turku in Finland, found that being in nature may change how we experience time and, perhaps, even give us the sense of time abundance.</p> \n<p>最新研究表明,解决我们时间匮乏问题的良方可能在于自然世界。芬兰图尔库大学的心理学家理查多·科雷亚发现,身处在大自然中可能会改变我们对时间的体验方式,甚至可能让我们感觉到时间的充裕。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Correia examined research which compared people's experiences of time when they performed different types of tasks in urban and natural environments. These studies consistently showed that people report a sense of expanded time when they were in nature compared to when they were in an urban environment.</p> \n<p>科雷亚查阅了比较人们在城市和自然环境中执行不同类型任务时对时间体验的研究。这些研究一致表明,与在城市环境中相比,人们在大自然中会有时间更充裕的感觉。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>For example, people are more likely to perceive a walk in the countryside as longer than a walk of the same length in the city. Similarly, people report perceiving time as passing more slowly while performing tasks in natural green environments than in urban environments. Nature seems to slow and expand our sense of time.</p> \n<p>例如,与在城市中散步相比,人们更倾向于认为在郊外散步的时间更长。同样,与城市环境相比,人们在绿色自然环境中执行任务时会觉得时间过得更慢。大自然似乎减缓并扩展了我们的时间感。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>It's not just our sense of time in the moment which appears to be altered by the natural world, it's also our sense of the past and future. Previous research shows that spending time in nature helps to shift our focus from the immediate moment towards our future needs. So rather than focusing on the stress of the demands on our time, nature helps us to see the bigger picture.</p> \n<p>自然世界似乎不仅改变了我们当下的时间感,还改变了我们对过去和未来的时间感。先前的研究表明,在大自然中度过的时间有助于将我们的注意力从眼前转移到未来的需求上。因此,大自然会帮助我们看到更广阔的前景,而不是专注于时间要求带给我们的压力。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>This can help us to prioritise our actions so that we meet our long-term goals rather than living in a perpetual state of \"just about keeping our head above water\".</p> \n<p>这可以帮助我们确定行动的轻重缓急,从而实现我们的长期目标,而不是永远生活在“只求过得去”的状态中。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>This isLine truncated
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"content": "<div><div class=\"mian_txt\" id=\"Content\">\n\n \n\n \n \n\n <p>研究发现,置身大自然会让你感觉时间过得更慢,有助于将你的注意力从眼前转移到未来的需求上。你将能够延迟即时满足感,转而追求长期回报,而不是永远生活在“只求过得去”的状态中。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<figure class=\"image\" style=\"display: table;\"> \n <img src=\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/05/66d95738a3108f29a8b66ee6.jpeg\" data-from=\"newsroom\" data-mimetype=\"image/jpeg\" id=\"img-66d95738a3108f29a8b66ee6\"> \n <figcaption style=\"display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom;\">\n Photo/Pexels \n </figcaption> \n</figure> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Do you ever get that feeling that there aren't enough hours in the day? That time is somehow racing away from you, and it is impossible to fit everything in. But then, you step outside into the countryside and suddenly everything seems slower, more relaxed, like time has somehow changed.</p> \n<p>你是否有过这样的感觉:一天的时间不够用?时间不知不觉地从你身边溜走,不可能把所有事情都安排好。但是,当你走到郊外,突然间一切都变得缓慢、轻松起来,就好像时间发生了某种变化。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>It's not just you – recent research showed nature can regulate our sense of time.</p> \n<p>不仅仅是你,最近的研究表明,大自然可以调节我们的时间感。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>For many of us, the combined demands of work, home and family mean that we are always feeling like we don't have enough time. Time poverty has also been exacerbated by digital technologies. Permanent connectivity extends working hours and can make it difficult to switch off from the demands of friends and family.</p> \n<p>对我们许多人来说,工作、家庭和家人的综合需求意味着我们总是感觉时间不够用。数字技术也加剧了时间贫乏。永久连接延长了工作时间,也使我们难以摆脱朋友和家人的要求。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Recent research suggests that the antidote to our lack of time may lie in the natural world. Psychologist Richardo Correia, at the University of Turku in Finland, found that being in nature may change how we experience time and, perhaps, even give us the sense of time abundance.</p> \n<p>最新研究表明,解决我们时间匮乏问题的良方可能在于自然世界。芬兰图尔库大学的心理学家理查多·科雷亚发现,身处在大自然中可能会改变我们对时间的体验方式,甚至可能让我们感觉到时间的充裕。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Correia examined research which compared people's experiences of time when they performed different types of tasks in urban and natural environments. These studies consistently showed that people report a sense of expanded time when they were in nature compared to when they were in an urban environment.</p> \n<p>科雷亚查阅了比较人们在城市和自然环境中执行不同类型任务时对时间体验的研究。这些研究一致表明,与在城市环境中相比,人们在大自然中会有时间更充裕的感觉。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>For example, people are more likely to perceive a walk in the countryside as longer than a walk of the same length in the city. Similarly, people report perceiving time as passing more slowly while performing tasks in natural green environments than in urban environments. Nature seems to slow and expand our sense of time.</p> \n<p>例如,与在城市中散步相比,人们更倾向于认为在郊外散步的时间更长。同样,与城市环境相比,人们在绿色自然环境中执行任务时会觉得时间过得更慢。大自然似乎减缓并扩展了我们的时间感。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>It's not just our sense of time in the moment which appears to be altered by the natural world, it's also our sense of the past and future. Previous research shows that spending time in nature helps to shift our focus from the immediate moment towards our future needs. So rather than focusing on the stress of the demands on our time, nature helps us to see the bigger picture.</p> \n<p>自然世界似乎不仅改变了我们当下的时间感,还改变了我们对过去和未来的时间感。先前的研究表明,在大自然中度过的时间有助于将我们的注意力从眼前转移到未来的需求上。因此,大自然会帮助我们看到更广阔的前景,而不是专注于时间要求带给我们的压力。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>This can help us to prioritise our actions so that we meet our long-term goals rather than living in a perpetual state of \"just about keeping our head above water\".</p> \n<p>这可以帮助我们确定行动的轻重缓急,从而实现我们的长期目标,而不是永远生活在“只求过得去”的状态中。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>This is in Line truncated
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"title": "双语百科:为什么鸟儿在黎明歌唱?",
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"description": "<div><div class=\"mian_txt\" id=\"Content\">\n\n \n\n \n \n\n <p>清晨悦耳的鸟鸣让人心旷神怡,但是一天中的其他时间却很少能听到鸟叫。为什么鸟儿都喜欢在清晨歌唱?来本文中寻找答案吧。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<figure class=\"image\" style=\"display: table;\"> \n <img src=\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/04/66d7fb2da3108f29a8b65829.jpeg\" data-from=\"newsroom\" data-mimetype=\"image/jpeg\" id=\"img-66d7fb2da3108f29a8b65829\"> \n <figcaption style=\"display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom;\">\n Photo/Pexels \n </figcaption> \n</figure> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Wake up early enough and, depending on where you live, you’ll likely hear a pleasant chorus of birds chirping their tiny hearts out. This am avian arrangement is instinctual behavior for birds, but why?<br>早上起得够早的话,在你所住的地方也许能听到一阵悦耳的鸟鸣。在清晨歌唱是鸟的本能行为,但是鸟鸣为什么都在清晨呢?</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>According to the Woodland Trust, this early singing is known as the dawn chorus, and it can start as early as 4 am and last for several hours. Birds do it to attract mates and warn other birds to avoid their turf. One theory as to why they opt for the wee hours to communicate these important messages is because the low visibility makes it hard to do other bird activities, like foraging. Keeping their activity level low, they opt to sing instead.<br>林地信托机构称,鸟儿在清晨鸣叫最早从凌晨4点开始,可持续数个小时。鸟鸣叫是为了吸引配偶,也是为了警告其他鸟不要入侵自己的领地。关于鸟类为什么选择在凌晨传递这些重要信息,有一个理论是,凌晨能见度低,鸟类难以进行觅食等其他活动,既然无事可做,那么鸟儿就转而选择鸣叫。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Another theory argues that birds use the morning vocals to project an image of strength. By singing with fervor, they’re letting other birds know they survived the night—no guarantee in nature—and would make for an excellent mate.<br>另一种理论认为,鸟类利用晨鸣来展示自己的力量。通过热情地歌唱,它们让其他鸟儿知道自己已经安然度过黑夜——要知道自然界的动物过着朝不保夕的日子,不一定能看见明天的太阳——并能够成为出色的伴侣。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Like a good recording studio, the early morning hours also allow birds to transmit a clear tune thanks to the cooler, drier air. Because birds have distinctive chirps, that clarity helps them be more easily identified by birds within listening distance.<br>清晨的空气更凉爽、更干燥,就像一个效果很好的录音棚,鸟儿在此时歌唱能传递出清晰的音质。因为鸟儿的声音各有不同,这种清晰度可以让听得见的鸟儿更容易识别出它们的声音。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>There used to be a prevailing theory that birds sang so much in the mornings because the sounds could travel greater distances due to less atmospheric turbulence, but it was disproven by researchers at the University of Western Ontario in 2003. They played recordings of sparrows at dawn and midday. The songs didn’t travel farther, but they were more consistent.<br>过去有一个流行的理论认为,鸟儿最爱在清晨鸣叫是因为在气流稳定的时候声音能传播得更远。但是西安大略大学的研究人员在2003年否定了这一理论。研究人员在黎明和中午分别播放了麻雀的录音。然而麻雀声音并没有传播得更远,只不过黎明时分麻雀的叫声更连贯。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Because birds only have so much energy to belt one out, singing when they stand the best chance of being heard makes sense. For a bird, an early morning session is like having the perfect acoustic environment for their performance.<br>因为鸟儿只能用有限的精力来鸣叫,它们自然会选择在最可能被听到的时候歌唱。对一只鸟儿来说,清晨鸣叫相当于在最佳音效环境中表演。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>英文来源:Mental Floss</p> \n<p>编译:丹妮</p> \n<p>审校:董静、齐磊</p>\n\n </div></div>",
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"content": "<div><div class=\"mian_txt\" id=\"Content\">\n\n \n\n \n \n\n <p>清晨悦耳的鸟鸣让人心旷神怡,但是一天中的其他时间却很少能听到鸟叫。为什么鸟儿都喜欢在清晨歌唱?来本文中寻找答案吧。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<figure class=\"image\" style=\"display: table;\"> \n <img src=\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/04/66d7fb2da3108f29a8b65829.jpeg\" data-from=\"newsroom\" data-mimetype=\"image/jpeg\" id=\"img-66d7fb2da3108f29a8b65829\"> \n <figcaption style=\"display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom;\">\n Photo/Pexels \n </figcaption> \n</figure> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Wake up early enough and, depending on where you live, you’ll likely hear a pleasant chorus of birds chirping their tiny hearts out. This am avian arrangement is instinctual behavior for birds, but why?<br>早上起得够早的话,在你所住的地方也许能听到一阵悦耳的鸟鸣。在清晨歌唱是鸟的本能行为,但是鸟鸣为什么都在清晨呢?</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>According to the Woodland Trust, this early singing is known as the dawn chorus, and it can start as early as 4 am and last for several hours. Birds do it to attract mates and warn other birds to avoid their turf. One theory as to why they opt for the wee hours to communicate these important messages is because the low visibility makes it hard to do other bird activities, like foraging. Keeping their activity level low, they opt to sing instead.<br>林地信托机构称,鸟儿在清晨鸣叫最早从凌晨4点开始,可持续数个小时。鸟鸣叫是为了吸引配偶,也是为了警告其他鸟不要入侵自己的领地。关于鸟类为什么选择在凌晨传递这些重要信息,有一个理论是,凌晨能见度低,鸟类难以进行觅食等其他活动,既然无事可做,那么鸟儿就转而选择鸣叫。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Another theory argues that birds use the morning vocals to project an image of strength. By singing with fervor, they’re letting other birds know they survived the night—no guarantee in nature—and would make for an excellent mate.<br>另一种理论认为,鸟类利用晨鸣来展示自己的力量。通过热情地歌唱,它们让其他鸟儿知道自己已经安然度过黑夜——要知道自然界的动物过着朝不保夕的日子,不一定能看见明天的太阳——并能够成为出色的伴侣。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Like a good recording studio, the early morning hours also allow birds to transmit a clear tune thanks to the cooler, drier air. Because birds have distinctive chirps, that clarity helps them be more easily identified by birds within listening distance.<br>清晨的空气更凉爽、更干燥,就像一个效果很好的录音棚,鸟儿在此时歌唱能传递出清晰的音质。因为鸟儿的声音各有不同,这种清晰度可以让听得见的鸟儿更容易识别出它们的声音。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>There used to be a prevailing theory that birds sang so much in the mornings because the sounds could travel greater distances due to less atmospheric turbulence, but it was disproven by researchers at the University of Western Ontario in 2003. They played recordings of sparrows at dawn and midday. The songs didn’t travel farther, but they were more consistent.<br>过去有一个流行的理论认为,鸟儿最爱在清晨鸣叫是因为在气流稳定的时候声音能传播得更远。但是西安大略大学的研究人员在2003年否定了这一理论。研究人员在黎明和中午分别播放了麻雀的录音。然而麻雀声音并没有传播得更远,只不过黎明时分麻雀的叫声更连贯。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>Because birds only have so much energy to belt one out, singing when they stand the best chance of being heard makes sense. For a bird, an early morning session is like having the perfect acoustic environment for their performance.<br>因为鸟儿只能用有限的精力来鸣叫,它们自然会选择在最可能被听到的时候歌唱。对一只鸟儿来说,清晨鸣叫相当于在最佳音效环境中表演。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p>英文来源:Mental Floss</p> \n<p>编译:丹妮</p> \n<p>审校:董静、齐磊</p>\n\n </div></div>",
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"title": "【双语财讯】“中国造”体育用品出口火热 中国已成为全球最大体育用品出口国",
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"description": "<div><div class=\"mian_txt\" id=\"Content\">\n\n \n\n \n \n\n <p>海关总署近日发布的数据显示,今年上半年,中国体育用品及设备出口同比增长16.7%,高出同期出口整体增速9.8个百分点。世界贸易组织发布的数据报告显示,全球范围内的体育用品贸易在过去近30年里增长了近3倍,而在这30年间,中国已成为全球最大的体育用品出口国。</p> \n<figure class=\"image\" style=\"display: table;\"> \n <img src=\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/03/66d6b777a3108f29a8b647bc.jpeg\" data-from=\"newsroom\" data-mimetype=\"image/jpeg\" id=\"img-66d6b777a3108f29a8b647bc\"> \n <figcaption style=\"display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom;\">\n A foreign businessman (right) picks ball products at the Yiwu International Trade City in Yiwu, Zhejiang province, on April 15, 2024. [Photo/VCG] \n </figcaption> \n</figure> \n<p>The exports of China's sporting goods and equipment surged 16.7 percent year-on-year in the first half of 2024, outpacing the overall export growth during the same period by a whopping 9.8 percentage points, according to data recently released by the General Administration of Customs (GAC).<br>海关总署近日发布的数据显示,今年上半年,中国体育用品及设备出口同比增长16.7%,高出同期出口整体增速9.8个百分点。</p> \n<p>Data from the World Trade Organization showed that global trade in sporting goods has nearly tripled in almost 30 years, and China has become the world's top exporter of sporting goods.<br>世界贸易组织发布的数据显示,全球范围内的体育用品贸易在过去近30年里增长了近3倍,而在这30年间,中国已成为全球最大的体育用品出口国。</p> \n<p>In Jinping county of southwest China's Guizhou Province, a global production hub for badminton shuttlecocks, more than 100,000 shuttlecocks are sold worldwide a day.<br>在全球重要的羽毛球生产基地——贵州省锦屏县,每天超过10万只羽毛球从这里“飞”向全球。</p> \n<p>\"We've calculated that about one in every 10 shuttlecocks in the world comes from Jinping,\" said Hu Bing, production manager of Guizhou RSL Sports Culture Development Co., Ltd.<br>贵州亚狮龙体育文化产业发展有限公司生产经理胡兵说:“我们统计过,全球大约每10只羽毛球,就有1只产自锦屏。”</p> \n<p>Last year, the company produced over 4 million dozen shuttlecocks, generating a staggering output value of 340 million yuan ($47.73 million) and exporting nearly $9 million worth of shuttlecocks to over 60 countries and regions, Hu noted.<br>胡兵说,公司去年产值3.4亿元,生产羽毛球超400多万打,出口总额近900万美元,产品销往60多个国家和地区。</p> \n<p>The first half of 2024 saw the company achieve even more remarkable growth, with the output value of shuttlecocks reaching 185 million yuan and exports skyrocketing by around 40 percent compared to the same period last year.<br>今年上半年,该公司营业额进一步增长,产值达1.85亿元,出口比去年同期增长了40%左右。</p> \n<p>In the first quarter of 2024, China's exports of footballs, basketballs, and volleyballs saw a year-on-year increase of 33.57 percent in volume and 17.99 percent in value, while that of table tennis, badminton, and tennis equipment increased 0.93 percent from the same period last year to $204 million, according to GAC data. <br>根据海关总署数据,2024年第一季度,中国足球、篮球、排球出口量同比增长33.57%,出口额同比增长17.99%;乒乓球、羽毛球、网球及相关用品累计出口额2.04亿美元,同比增长0.93%。</p> \n<p>In the first three months of this year, the country's exports of roller skates and skateboards surged 30.85 percent and 50.21 percent year-on-year, respectively. The inclusion of skateboarding as an Olympic sport has further fueled demand, particularly in countries like Russia and Japan.<br>今年一季度,中国旱冰鞋和滑板出口量同比分别大幅增长30.85%和50.21%。随着滑板成为奥运项目,带动俄罗斯、日本等国消费,滑板出口额增长显著。</p> \n<p>In addition, treadmill exports jumped by 44.94 percent year-on-year in the first quarter, while artificial turf exports grew by 15.64 percent from the same period last year.<br>此外,一季度跑步机和人造草同比也分别增长44.94%和15.64%。</p> \n<p>To boost the pace of \"going global,\" Chinese sporting goods companies need to rely on greener sporting goods with higher technological content, said Bao Mingxiao, director of the China Sports Policy Research Institute at Beijing Sport University.<br>北京体育大学中国体育政策研究院院长鲍明晓表示,企业出海的步伐要更加坚实有力,靠的是更具科技含量、更加绿色环Line truncated
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"content": "<div><div class=\"mian_txt\" id=\"Content\">\n\n \n\n \n \n\n <p>海关总署近日发布的数据显示,今年上半年,中国体育用品及设备出口同比增长16.7%,高出同期出口整体增速9.8个百分点。世界贸易组织发布的数据报告显示,全球范围内的体育用品贸易在过去近30年里增长了近3倍,而在这30年间,中国已成为全球最大的体育用品出口国。</p> \n<figure class=\"image\" style=\"display: table;\"> \n <img src=\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/03/66d6b777a3108f29a8b647bc.jpeg\" data-from=\"newsroom\" data-mimetype=\"image/jpeg\" id=\"img-66d6b777a3108f29a8b647bc\"> \n <figcaption style=\"display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom;\">\n A foreign businessman (right) picks ball products at the Yiwu International Trade City in Yiwu, Zhejiang province, on April 15, 2024. [Photo/VCG] \n </figcaption> \n</figure> \n<p>The exports of China's sporting goods and equipment surged 16.7 percent year-on-year in the first half of 2024, outpacing the overall export growth during the same period by a whopping 9.8 percentage points, according to data recently released by the General Administration of Customs (GAC).<br>海关总署近日发布的数据显示,今年上半年,中国体育用品及设备出口同比增长16.7%,高出同期出口整体增速9.8个百分点。</p> \n<p>Data from the World Trade Organization showed that global trade in sporting goods has nearly tripled in almost 30 years, and China has become the world's top exporter of sporting goods.<br>世界贸易组织发布的数据显示,全球范围内的体育用品贸易在过去近30年里增长了近3倍,而在这30年间,中国已成为全球最大的体育用品出口国。</p> \n<p>In Jinping county of southwest China's Guizhou Province, a global production hub for badminton shuttlecocks, more than 100,000 shuttlecocks are sold worldwide a day.<br>在全球重要的羽毛球生产基地——贵州省锦屏县,每天超过10万只羽毛球从这里“飞”向全球。</p> \n<p>\"We've calculated that about one in every 10 shuttlecocks in the world comes from Jinping,\" said Hu Bing, production manager of Guizhou RSL Sports Culture Development Co., Ltd.<br>贵州亚狮龙体育文化产业发展有限公司生产经理胡兵说:“我们统计过,全球大约每10只羽毛球,就有1只产自锦屏。”</p> \n<p>Last year, the company produced over 4 million dozen shuttlecocks, generating a staggering output value of 340 million yuan ($47.73 million) and exporting nearly $9 million worth of shuttlecocks to over 60 countries and regions, Hu noted.<br>胡兵说,公司去年产值3.4亿元,生产羽毛球超400多万打,出口总额近900万美元,产品销往60多个国家和地区。</p> \n<p>The first half of 2024 saw the company achieve even more remarkable growth, with the output value of shuttlecocks reaching 185 million yuan and exports skyrocketing by around 40 percent compared to the same period last year.<br>今年上半年,该公司营业额进一步增长,产值达1.85亿元,出口比去年同期增长了40%左右。</p> \n<p>In the first quarter of 2024, China's exports of footballs, basketballs, and volleyballs saw a year-on-year increase of 33.57 percent in volume and 17.99 percent in value, while that of table tennis, badminton, and tennis equipment increased 0.93 percent from the same period last year to $204 million, according to GAC data. <br>根据海关总署数据,2024年第一季度,中国足球、篮球、排球出口量同比增长33.57%,出口额同比增长17.99%;乒乓球、羽毛球、网球及相关用品累计出口额2.04亿美元,同比增长0.93%。</p> \n<p>In the first three months of this year, the country's exports of roller skates and skateboards surged 30.85 percent and 50.21 percent year-on-year, respectively. The inclusion of skateboarding as an Olympic sport has further fueled demand, particularly in countries like Russia and Japan.<br>今年一季度,中国旱冰鞋和滑板出口量同比分别大幅增长30.85%和50.21%。随着滑板成为奥运项目,带动俄罗斯、日本等国消费,滑板出口额增长显著。</p> \n<p>In addition, treadmill exports jumped by 44.94 percent year-on-year in the first quarter, while artificial turf exports grew by 15.64 percent from the same period last year.<br>此外,一季度跑步机和人造草同比也分别增长44.94%和15.64%。</p> \n<p>To boost the pace of \"going global,\" Chinese sporting goods companies need to rely on greener sporting goods with higher technological content, said Bao Mingxiao, director of the China Sports Policy Research Institute at Beijing Sport University.<br>北京体育大学中国体育政策研究院院长鲍明晓表示,企业出海的步伐要更加坚实有力,靠的是更具科技含量、更加绿色环保的Line truncated
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"title": "开学啦!来看看新学期的正确打开方式",
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"description": "<div><div class=\"mian_txt\" id=\"Content\">\n\n \n\n \n \n\n <p>A new semester means a fresh start. Get your semester started right by practicing these strategies, and your productivity will soar.<br>新学期意味着新的开始。掌握了新学期的正确打开方式,你的学习效率将会直线上升。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<figure class=\"image\" style=\"display: table;\"> \n <img src=\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/02/66d5837ba3108f29a8b6344c.jpeg\" data-from=\"newsroom\" data-mimetype=\"image/jpeg\" id=\"img-66d5837ba3108f29a8b6344c\"> \n <figcaption style=\"display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom;\">\n Photo/Pexels \n </figcaption> \n</figure> \n<p> </p> \n<p><strong>1. Get organized </strong><br><strong>让一切井井有条</strong></p> \n<p>Organization helps you reduce chaos and stress, thus making you more productive. Develop a system at the start of your semester. This may include:<br>条理性可以帮助你减少混乱和压力,从而让你做事更有效率。在开学时把一切都整理得井井有条,包括:</p> \n<p>--Color coded notebooks and/or folders for each class<br>——给每门课程准备一个彩页笔记本和文件夹;</p> \n<p>-- A planner with important dates and deadlines filled out <br>——准备一个日程表,标注出重要的日子和各项任务的截止日期;</p> \n<p>--Cleaning out your backpack, desk, and dorm room to reduce clutter from previous semesters<br>——清理背包、书桌和宿舍,把前几个学期积攒下来的无用之物处理掉;</p> \n<p>--Organizing your computer files (e.g., by school year, semester, course, and assignment type or project)<br>——整理电脑文件,可以按照学年、学期、课程、作业或项目分门别类;</p> \n<p>If you keep track of deadlines, know where to find everything, and maintain a well-organized space, you free up your mind to focus on learning and achieving.<br>如果你对截止日期了如指掌,知道每样东西放在哪儿,把空间整理得井井有条,你就可以把脑子腾出来专心学习,做出成绩。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p><strong>2. Get into a routine</strong><br><strong>做事有规律</strong></p> \n<p>Like being organized, establishing a routine helps your life run smoothly.<br>和条理性一样,做事有规律可以让你的生活更顺利。</p> \n<p>It’s easier said than done, but try waking up and going to sleep around the same time each day (or at least on weekdays). Schedule time for the gym, any clubs or activities you participate in, and studying. Instead of waiting until the last minute to work on assignments or cram in information, set aside studying/homework blocks each day. Choose a time of day when you feel especially productive.<br>尽管说起来容易做起来难,但是你可以试着每天都在同一时间起床和睡觉(至少在工作日如此)。规划好去健身、去参加社团或其他活动以及学习的时间。每天都要留出一整块时间用于学习和做作业,不要等到最后一刻才赶作业或背书。选择一天中你自认为效率最高的时间来学习。</p> \n<p>Start each day on a positive note by preparing the night before. For instance, set out the outfit you’ll wear to class and pack your backpack with the supplies you’ll need that day. Instead of frantically scrambling around in the morning, you’ll begin the day feeling confident and prepared. Ultimately, these small habits make a big difference in your overall mood and performance.<br>通过在前一天晚上做好准备,以积极的态度开始每一天。举例而言,准备好你明天上课要穿的衣服,在书包里放好明天需要的东西。这样,你就可以在准备充分的情况下自信地开始新的一天,而不是一大早紧张忙乱地到处找东西。最终,这些小习惯将会让你的整体情绪状态和表现大为改观。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p><strong>3. Surround yourself with motivated peers</strong><br><strong>结交好学的同伴</strong></p> \n<p>Maybe you’ve heard the saying, “Show me your friends and I’ll show you your future.” It may sound dramatic, but it’s true that the people you spend the most time with have a major influence on you. If your friends are partying every night, skipping class, and seemingly unconcerned about their grades, staying motivated will be an uphill battle for you.<br>也许你听过这句话:“你身边的朋友决定你的未来。”这也许听起来有些夸张,但是你与之交往时间最长的人对你会产生重大影响,这是事实。如果你的朋友夜夜狂欢,逃课,对成绩毫不在意,那么保持斗志对你来说会非常困难。</p> \n<p>Try to make at least one positive friend in every class. Meet ambitious people with clearly defined goals, good study habits, and healthy lifestyles. These friends can help yLine truncated
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"content": "<div><div class=\"mian_txt\" id=\"Content\">\n\n \n\n \n \n\n <p>A new semester means a fresh start. Get your semester started right by practicing these strategies, and your productivity will soar.<br>新学期意味着新的开始。掌握了新学期的正确打开方式,你的学习效率将会直线上升。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<figure class=\"image\" style=\"display: table;\"> \n <img src=\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/02/66d5837ba3108f29a8b6344c.jpeg\" data-from=\"newsroom\" data-mimetype=\"image/jpeg\" id=\"img-66d5837ba3108f29a8b6344c\"> \n <figcaption style=\"display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom;\">\n Photo/Pexels \n </figcaption> \n</figure> \n<p> </p> \n<p><strong>1. Get organized </strong><br><strong>让一切井井有条</strong></p> \n<p>Organization helps you reduce chaos and stress, thus making you more productive. Develop a system at the start of your semester. This may include:<br>条理性可以帮助你减少混乱和压力,从而让你做事更有效率。在开学时把一切都整理得井井有条,包括:</p> \n<p>--Color coded notebooks and/or folders for each class<br>——给每门课程准备一个彩页笔记本和文件夹;</p> \n<p>-- A planner with important dates and deadlines filled out <br>——准备一个日程表,标注出重要的日子和各项任务的截止日期;</p> \n<p>--Cleaning out your backpack, desk, and dorm room to reduce clutter from previous semesters<br>——清理背包、书桌和宿舍,把前几个学期积攒下来的无用之物处理掉;</p> \n<p>--Organizing your computer files (e.g., by school year, semester, course, and assignment type or project)<br>——整理电脑文件,可以按照学年、学期、课程、作业或项目分门别类;</p> \n<p>If you keep track of deadlines, know where to find everything, and maintain a well-organized space, you free up your mind to focus on learning and achieving.<br>如果你对截止日期了如指掌,知道每样东西放在哪儿,把空间整理得井井有条,你就可以把脑子腾出来专心学习,做出成绩。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p><strong>2. Get into a routine</strong><br><strong>做事有规律</strong></p> \n<p>Like being organized, establishing a routine helps your life run smoothly.<br>和条理性一样,做事有规律可以让你的生活更顺利。</p> \n<p>It’s easier said than done, but try waking up and going to sleep around the same time each day (or at least on weekdays). Schedule time for the gym, any clubs or activities you participate in, and studying. Instead of waiting until the last minute to work on assignments or cram in information, set aside studying/homework blocks each day. Choose a time of day when you feel especially productive.<br>尽管说起来容易做起来难,但是你可以试着每天都在同一时间起床和睡觉(至少在工作日如此)。规划好去健身、去参加社团或其他活动以及学习的时间。每天都要留出一整块时间用于学习和做作业,不要等到最后一刻才赶作业或背书。选择一天中你自认为效率最高的时间来学习。</p> \n<p>Start each day on a positive note by preparing the night before. For instance, set out the outfit you’ll wear to class and pack your backpack with the supplies you’ll need that day. Instead of frantically scrambling around in the morning, you’ll begin the day feeling confident and prepared. Ultimately, these small habits make a big difference in your overall mood and performance.<br>通过在前一天晚上做好准备,以积极的态度开始每一天。举例而言,准备好你明天上课要穿的衣服,在书包里放好明天需要的东西。这样,你就可以在准备充分的情况下自信地开始新的一天,而不是一大早紧张忙乱地到处找东西。最终,这些小习惯将会让你的整体情绪状态和表现大为改观。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p><strong>3. Surround yourself with motivated peers</strong><br><strong>结交好学的同伴</strong></p> \n<p>Maybe you’ve heard the saying, “Show me your friends and I’ll show you your future.” It may sound dramatic, but it’s true that the people you spend the most time with have a major influence on you. If your friends are partying every night, skipping class, and seemingly unconcerned about their grades, staying motivated will be an uphill battle for you.<br>也许你听过这句话:“你身边的朋友决定你的未来。”这也许听起来有些夸张,但是你与之交往时间最长的人对你会产生重大影响,这是事实。如果你的朋友夜夜狂欢,逃课,对成绩毫不在意,那么保持斗志对你来说会非常困难。</p> \n<p>Try to make at least one positive friend in every class. Meet ambitious people with clearly defined goals, good study habits, and healthy lifestyles. These friends can help you sLine truncated
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"title": "【双语财讯】美经济学家警告:美国多个经济衰退“红灯”亮起",
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"description": "<div><div class=\"mian_txt\" id=\"Content\">\n\n \n\n \n \n\n <figure class=\"image\" style=\"display: table;\"> \n <img src=\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/02/66d582b8a3108f29a8b63440.jpeg\" data-from=\"newsroom\" data-mimetype=\"image/jpeg\" id=\"img-66d582b8a3108f29a8b63440\"> \n <figcaption style=\"display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom;\"></figcaption> \n</figure> \n<p>美国商业内幕网8月30日报道称,美国知名经济学家、罗森伯格研究公司总裁大卫·罗森伯格表示,近期一系列信号提示,美国经济陷入衰退的可能性正在上升。文章摘编如下:</p> \n<p>The probability of a recession hitting the US economy is rising after a flurry of signals have flashed in recent weeks and months.<br>在近期(最近几周和数月内)一系列信号亮起后,美国经济陷入衰退的可能性正在上升。</p> \n<p>That's according to economist David Rosenberg of Rosenberg Research, who compiled a list of recessionary indicators in a note on Friday.<br>美国罗森伯格研究公司总裁大卫·罗森伯格在8月30日发布的一份报告中汇编了一份衰退指标清单。</p> \n<p>\"What is the best recession indicator? That's a hard question to answer — why not dodge it completely and just look at all of them?\" Rosenberg asked.<br>他提出:“最准确的衰退指标是什么?这是一个很难回答的问题——为什么不避开这个问题,看看所有这些指标呢?”</p> \n<p>According to Rosenberg, some worrying signals have historically only flashed on the precipice of an economic downturn.<br>罗森伯格表示,在历史上,一些令人担忧的信号只有在经济即将陷入衰退时才会出现。</p> \n<p>\"The 'indicator of indicators' indicates recession,\" Rosenberg said.<br>罗森伯格称:“‘指标的指标’预示着经济衰退。”</p> \n<p>Of the 20 recession indicators compiled by Rosenberg, nine have been triggered.<br>罗森伯格编制的20个衰退指标中,有9个已经触发。</p> \n<p>Some of the recession signals that have flashed include the Sahm Rule, the Leading Economic Indicator Index, and the inverted yield curve, among others.<br>被触发的衰退指标包括萨姆规则、先行指数和倒挂的收益率曲线等。</p> \n<p>\"Currently, 45% of the recession indicators we tracked have been triggered. Going back to 1999, that's never happened without a recession occurring,\" Rosenberg said.<br>罗森伯格说:“目前,我们追踪的经济衰退指标中有45%已经触发。自1999年以来,从来没有出现这种情况而不发生衰退的。”</p> \n<p>The list of signals flashing has steadily risen since 2022, when only 10% were triggered. That rose to about 25% in 2023 and the first half of 2024.<br>自2022年以来,预示美国经济陷入衰退的信号数量一直都在稳步上升,当时只有10%被触发。2023年和2024年上半年,这一比例上升到了25%左右。</p> \n<p>But since then, the recession warnings have been growing.<br>而自那以后,关于美国经济衰退的警告越来越多。</p> \n<p>\"Sometimes more is more, and this is a case in point. Looking at recession thresholds across different sectors of the economy makes it clear that something has been changing since mid-2024 — the long-anticipated slowdown may finally be arriving,\" Rosenberg said.<br>罗森伯格说:“有时更多就是更多,这就是一个很好的例证。观察不同经济部门的衰退阈值可以清楚地看出,自2024年中期以来,一些事情一直在发生变化——经济衰退可能真的要来了。”</p> \n<p>编辑:董静<br>审校:陈丹妮 万月英</p> \n<p> </p>\n\n </div></div>",
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"content": "<div><div class=\"mian_txt\" id=\"Content\">\n\n \n\n \n \n\n <figure class=\"image\" style=\"display: table;\"> \n <img src=\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/02/66d582b8a3108f29a8b63440.jpeg\" data-from=\"newsroom\" data-mimetype=\"image/jpeg\" id=\"img-66d582b8a3108f29a8b63440\"> \n <figcaption style=\"display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom;\"></figcaption> \n</figure> \n<p>美国商业内幕网8月30日报道称,美国知名经济学家、罗森伯格研究公司总裁大卫·罗森伯格表示,近期一系列信号提示,美国经济陷入衰退的可能性正在上升。文章摘编如下:</p> \n<p>The probability of a recession hitting the US economy is rising after a flurry of signals have flashed in recent weeks and months.<br>在近期(最近几周和数月内)一系列信号亮起后,美国经济陷入衰退的可能性正在上升。</p> \n<p>That's according to economist David Rosenberg of Rosenberg Research, who compiled a list of recessionary indicators in a note on Friday.<br>美国罗森伯格研究公司总裁大卫·罗森伯格在8月30日发布的一份报告中汇编了一份衰退指标清单。</p> \n<p>\"What is the best recession indicator? That's a hard question to answer — why not dodge it completely and just look at all of them?\" Rosenberg asked.<br>他提出:“最准确的衰退指标是什么?这是一个很难回答的问题——为什么不避开这个问题,看看所有这些指标呢?”</p> \n<p>According to Rosenberg, some worrying signals have historically only flashed on the precipice of an economic downturn.<br>罗森伯格表示,在历史上,一些令人担忧的信号只有在经济即将陷入衰退时才会出现。</p> \n<p>\"The 'indicator of indicators' indicates recession,\" Rosenberg said.<br>罗森伯格称:“‘指标的指标’预示着经济衰退。”</p> \n<p>Of the 20 recession indicators compiled by Rosenberg, nine have been triggered.<br>罗森伯格编制的20个衰退指标中,有9个已经触发。</p> \n<p>Some of the recession signals that have flashed include the Sahm Rule, the Leading Economic Indicator Index, and the inverted yield curve, among others.<br>被触发的衰退指标包括萨姆规则、先行指数和倒挂的收益率曲线等。</p> \n<p>\"Currently, 45% of the recession indicators we tracked have been triggered. Going back to 1999, that's never happened without a recession occurring,\" Rosenberg said.<br>罗森伯格说:“目前,我们追踪的经济衰退指标中有45%已经触发。自1999年以来,从来没有出现这种情况而不发生衰退的。”</p> \n<p>The list of signals flashing has steadily risen since 2022, when only 10% were triggered. That rose to about 25% in 2023 and the first half of 2024.<br>自2022年以来,预示美国经济陷入衰退的信号数量一直都在稳步上升,当时只有10%被触发。2023年和2024年上半年,这一比例上升到了25%左右。</p> \n<p>But since then, the recession warnings have been growing.<br>而自那以后,关于美国经济衰退的警告越来越多。</p> \n<p>\"Sometimes more is more, and this is a case in point. Looking at recession thresholds across different sectors of the economy makes it clear that something has been changing since mid-2024 — the long-anticipated slowdown may finally be arriving,\" Rosenberg said.<br>罗森伯格说:“有时更多就是更多,这就是一个很好的例证。观察不同经济部门的衰退阈值可以清楚地看出,自2024年中期以来,一些事情一直在发生变化——经济衰退可能真的要来了。”</p> \n<p>编辑:董静<br>审校:陈丹妮 万月英</p> \n<p> </p>\n\n </div></div>",
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"title": "独腿博士研发智能假肢,让更多残疾人穿得起Wear robotic knees",
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"title": "独腿博士研发智能假肢,让更多残疾人穿得起Wear robotic knees",
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"description": "幼时截肢的他,最终发明、制造出一种独特而“有思想”的智能假肢!",
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"description": "幼时截肢的他,最终发明、制造出一种独特而“有思想”的智能假肢!",
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"title": "开学啦!来看看新学期的正确打开方式",
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"description": "<div><div class=\"mian_txt\" id=\"Content\">\n\n \n\n \n \n\n <p>A new semester means a fresh start. Get your semester started right by practicing these strategies, and your productivity will soar.<br>新学期意味着新的开始。掌握了新学期的正确打开方式,你的学习效率将会直线上升。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<figure class=\"image\" style=\"display: table;\"> \n <img src=\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/02/66d5837ba3108f29a8b6344c.jpeg\" data-from=\"newsroom\" data-mimetype=\"image/jpeg\" id=\"img-66d5837ba3108f29a8b6344c\"> \n <figcaption style=\"display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom;\">\n Photo/Pexels \n </figcaption> \n</figure> \n<p> </p> \n<p><strong>1. Get organized </strong><br><strong>让一切井井有条</strong></p> \n<p>Organization helps you reduce chaos and stress, thus making you more productive. Develop a system at the start of your semester. This may include:<br>条理性可以帮助你减少混乱和压力,从而让你做事更有效率。在开学时把一切都整理得井井有条,包括:</p> \n<p>--Color coded notebooks and/or folders for each class<br>——给每门课程准备一个彩页笔记本和文件夹;</p> \n<p>-- A planner with important dates and deadlines filled out <br>——准备一个日程表,标注出重要的日子和各项任务的截止日期;</p> \n<p>--Cleaning out your backpack, desk, and dorm room to reduce clutter from previous semesters<br>——清理背包、书桌和宿舍,把前几个学期积攒下来的无用之物处理掉;</p> \n<p>--Organizing your computer files (e.g., by school year, semester, course, and assignment type or project)<br>——整理电脑文件,可以按照学年、学期、课程、作业或项目分门别类;</p> \n<p>If you keep track of deadlines, know where to find everything, and maintain a well-organized space, you free up your mind to focus on learning and achieving.<br>如果你对截止日期了如指掌,知道每样东西放在哪儿,把空间整理得井井有条,你就可以把脑子腾出来专心学习,做出成绩。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p><strong>2. Get into a routine</strong><br><strong>做事有规律</strong></p> \n<p>Like being organized, establishing a routine helps your life run smoothly.<br>和条理性一样,做事有规律可以让你的生活更顺利。</p> \n<p>It’s easier said than done, but try waking up and going to sleep around the same time each day (or at least on weekdays). Schedule time for the gym, any clubs or activities you participate in, and studying. Instead of waiting until the last minute to work on assignments or cram in information, set aside studying/homework blocks each day. Choose a time of day when you feel especially productive.<br>尽管说起来容易做起来难,但是你可以试着每天都在同一时间起床和睡觉(至少在工作日如此)。规划好去健身、去参加社团或其他活动以及学习的时间。每天都要留出一整块时间用于学习和做作业,不要等到最后一刻才赶作业或背书。选择一天中你自认为效率最高的时间来学习。</p> \n<p>Start each day on a positive note by preparing the night before. For instance, set out the outfit you’ll wear to class and pack your backpack with the supplies you’ll need that day. Instead of frantically scrambling around in the morning, you’ll begin the day feeling confident and prepared. Ultimately, these small habits make a big difference in your overall mood and performance.<br>通过在前一天晚上做好准备,以积极的态度开始每一天。举例而言,准备好你明天上课要穿的衣服,在书包里放好明天需要的东西。这样,你就可以在准备充分的情况下自信地开始新的一天,而不是一大早紧张忙乱地到处找东西。最终,这些小习惯将会让你的整体情绪状态和表现大为改观。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p><strong>3. Surround yourself with motivated peers</strong><br><strong>结交好学的同伴</strong></p> \n<p>Maybe you’ve heard the saying, “Show me your friends and I’ll show you your future.” It may sound dramatic, but it’s true that the people you spend the most time with have a major influence on you. If your friends are partying every night, skipping class, and seemingly unconcerned about their grades, staying motivated will be an uphill battle for you.<br>也许你听过这句话:“你身边的朋友决定你的未来。”这也许听起来有些夸张,但是你与之交往时间最长的人对你会产生重大影响,这是事实。如果你的朋友夜夜狂欢,逃课,对成绩毫不在意,那么保持斗志对你来说会非常困难。</p> \n<p>Try to make at least one positive friend in every class. Meet ambitious people with clearly defined goals, good study habits, and healthy lifestyles. These friends can help yLine truncated
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"content": "<div><div class=\"mian_txt\" id=\"Content\">\n\n \n\n \n \n\n <p>A new semester means a fresh start. Get your semester started right by practicing these strategies, and your productivity will soar.<br>新学期意味着新的开始。掌握了新学期的正确打开方式,你的学习效率将会直线上升。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<figure class=\"image\" style=\"display: table;\"> \n <img src=\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/02/66d5837ba3108f29a8b6344c.jpeg\" data-from=\"newsroom\" data-mimetype=\"image/jpeg\" id=\"img-66d5837ba3108f29a8b6344c\"> \n <figcaption style=\"display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom;\">\n Photo/Pexels \n </figcaption> \n</figure> \n<p> </p> \n<p><strong>1. Get organized </strong><br><strong>让一切井井有条</strong></p> \n<p>Organization helps you reduce chaos and stress, thus making you more productive. Develop a system at the start of your semester. This may include:<br>条理性可以帮助你减少混乱和压力,从而让你做事更有效率。在开学时把一切都整理得井井有条,包括:</p> \n<p>--Color coded notebooks and/or folders for each class<br>——给每门课程准备一个彩页笔记本和文件夹;</p> \n<p>-- A planner with important dates and deadlines filled out <br>——准备一个日程表,标注出重要的日子和各项任务的截止日期;</p> \n<p>--Cleaning out your backpack, desk, and dorm room to reduce clutter from previous semesters<br>——清理背包、书桌和宿舍,把前几个学期积攒下来的无用之物处理掉;</p> \n<p>--Organizing your computer files (e.g., by school year, semester, course, and assignment type or project)<br>——整理电脑文件,可以按照学年、学期、课程、作业或项目分门别类;</p> \n<p>If you keep track of deadlines, know where to find everything, and maintain a well-organized space, you free up your mind to focus on learning and achieving.<br>如果你对截止日期了如指掌,知道每样东西放在哪儿,把空间整理得井井有条,你就可以把脑子腾出来专心学习,做出成绩。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p><strong>2. Get into a routine</strong><br><strong>做事有规律</strong></p> \n<p>Like being organized, establishing a routine helps your life run smoothly.<br>和条理性一样,做事有规律可以让你的生活更顺利。</p> \n<p>It’s easier said than done, but try waking up and going to sleep around the same time each day (or at least on weekdays). Schedule time for the gym, any clubs or activities you participate in, and studying. Instead of waiting until the last minute to work on assignments or cram in information, set aside studying/homework blocks each day. Choose a time of day when you feel especially productive.<br>尽管说起来容易做起来难,但是你可以试着每天都在同一时间起床和睡觉(至少在工作日如此)。规划好去健身、去参加社团或其他活动以及学习的时间。每天都要留出一整块时间用于学习和做作业,不要等到最后一刻才赶作业或背书。选择一天中你自认为效率最高的时间来学习。</p> \n<p>Start each day on a positive note by preparing the night before. For instance, set out the outfit you’ll wear to class and pack your backpack with the supplies you’ll need that day. Instead of frantically scrambling around in the morning, you’ll begin the day feeling confident and prepared. Ultimately, these small habits make a big difference in your overall mood and performance.<br>通过在前一天晚上做好准备,以积极的态度开始每一天。举例而言,准备好你明天上课要穿的衣服,在书包里放好明天需要的东西。这样,你就可以在准备充分的情况下自信地开始新的一天,而不是一大早紧张忙乱地到处找东西。最终,这些小习惯将会让你的整体情绪状态和表现大为改观。</p> \n<p> </p> \n<p><strong>3. Surround yourself with motivated peers</strong><br><strong>结交好学的同伴</strong></p> \n<p>Maybe you’ve heard the saying, “Show me your friends and I’ll show you your future.” It may sound dramatic, but it’s true that the people you spend the most time with have a major influence on you. If your friends are partying every night, skipping class, and seemingly unconcerned about their grades, staying motivated will be an uphill battle for you.<br>也许你听过这句话:“你身边的朋友决定你的未来。”这也许听起来有些夸张,但是你与之交往时间最长的人对你会产生重大影响,这是事实。如果你的朋友夜夜狂欢,逃课,对成绩毫不在意,那么保持斗志对你来说会非常困难。</p> \n<p>Try to make at least one positive friend in every class. Meet ambitious people with clearly defined goals, good study habits, and healthy lifestyles. These friends can help you sLine truncated
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Reference in new issue
Block a user