From 47af9be2bd7bcaa30c210fd7e58b804601e48cd9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: CrazyJasonwell Date: Mon, 25 Aug 2025 12:20:47 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] vault backup: 2025-08-25 12:20:47 --- .obsidian/plugins/cubox-sync/data.json | 2 +- .obsidian/plugins/rss-reader/data.json | 616 +------------------------ 2 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 595 deletions(-) diff --git a/.obsidian/plugins/cubox-sync/data.json b/.obsidian/plugins/cubox-sync/data.json index 4ee13099..7128f5c9 100644 --- a/.obsidian/plugins/cubox-sync/data.json +++ b/.obsidian/plugins/cubox-sync/data.json @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ "contentTemplate": "# {{{title}}}\n\n{{{description}}}\n\n{{{article_title}}} //文章内容标题\n{{{content}}} //文章正文\n\n\n[Read in Cubox]({{{cubox_url}}}) \n[Read Original]({{{url}}}) \n\n---\n\n{{#highlights.length}}\n## Annotations \n\n{{#highlights}}\n> {{{text}}} \n\n{{#note}}\n{{{note}}}\n{{/note}}\n[Link️]({{{cubox_url}}}) \n\n{{/highlights}}\n{{/highlights.length}}", "highlightInContent": true, "dateFormat": "yyyy-MM-dd", - "lastSyncTime": 1756093140833, + "lastSyncTime": 1756094929805, "lastSyncCardId": "7358083230366436785", "lastCardUpdateTime": "2025-08-21T13:52:28.950+0800", "syncing": false diff --git a/.obsidian/plugins/rss-reader/data.json b/.obsidian/plugins/rss-reader/data.json index c8008d2d..dcb05834 100644 --- a/.obsidian/plugins/rss-reader/data.json +++ b/.obsidian/plugins/rss-reader/data.json @@ -776,6 +776,28 @@ "image": null, "description": "人民日报社主管主办，原名《文史参考》，“真相、趣味、良知”，为学术界搭建话语平台，为新锐者提供思想阵地，为文史爱好者营造精神家园。", "items": [ + { + "title": "告别繁琐、搞定你的字幕需求：一站式开源处理工具 Subtitle Edit", + "description": "Matrix首页推荐Matrix是少数派的写作社区，我们主张分享真实的产品体验，有实用价值的经验与思考。我们会不定期挑选Matrix最优质的文章，展示来自用户的最真实的体验和观点。文章代表作者个人观点 ...查看全文", + "content": "Matrix首页推荐Matrix是少数派的写作社区，我们主张分享真实的产品体验，有实用价值的经验与思考。我们会不定期挑选Matrix最优质的文章，展示来自用户的最真实的体验和观点。文章代表作者个人观点 ...查看全文", + "category": "", + "link": "https://sspai.com/post/101614", + "creator": "清顺", + "pubDate": "Mon, 25 Aug 2025 11:00:00 +0800", + "enclosure": "", + "enclosureType": "", + "image": "", + "id": "", + "language": "zh", + "folder": "资讯", + "feed": "少数派", + "read": false, + "favorite": false, + "created": false, + "tags": [], + "hash": "55686ad09128749da49856da78a2bf7a", + "highlights": [] + }, { "title": "派早报：特朗普政府获得英特尔 10% 股份", "description": "你可能错过的新鲜事特朗普政府获得英特尔10%股份据《纽约时报》报道，特朗普周五宣布，美国政府已与英特尔达成协议，以89亿美元的政府投资作价，收购该公司10%的股份。此举是自2008年金融危机后美国政府 ...查看全文", @@ -2782,28 +2804,6 @@ "hash": "abc09f207bb8574a0d1aa13494487fe7", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "地球上强震是不是比过去发生的更频繁了？如何科学应对？", - "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n

地球上强震是否变多，得看统计数据。我从 USGS 上搜集了 1990 年 -2025 年全球地震数据[1]，从中统计了大于 7.0 级和大于 8.0 级的地震的数量，如下图。

\n

全球过去 36 年，7.0 级及以上地震一共 520 次，平均每年 14.4 次；8.0 级及以上地震一共 34 次，每年平均 0.94 次。

\n

从下面两张图看，每年大地震（>=7.0）的数量没有持续上升或者减小的趋势，基本都是围绕着均值上下波动。

\n
\"\"
全球 1990-2025 年每年大于 7.0 级地震统计
\n
\"\"
全球 1990-2025 年每年大于 8.0 级地震统计
\n

大家之所以感觉更频繁，我理解可能原因是一次大地震以后，主震会触发余震级联。较多的余震，加上现在媒体曝光度也在提高，让很多余震小震也都被更多的曝光出来，这样给大家造成了大地震变多的错觉。

\n

聊下余震级联，余震的发生率随时间近似遵循下面这个公式，即 Omori 定律，

\n

\"\"

\n

其中，n(t) 表示时间 t 内的余震数量，k 和 c 都是常数，这个是根据某一地区的历史地震数据拟合后得到的参数，p 是一个调节参数，典型的 p 值为 0.7-1.5。总之，随着时间的增加，余震的数量 N(t)会按照一种幂律的方式衰减，即初期余震的数量逐渐下降，随着时间的推移，衰减速度逐渐减慢。而余震也会进一步再次触发余震，形成级联过程[2]，从而会让大家感觉某段时间内地震明显更多的感受。

\n

另外，如果把历史上的不同震级的地震再做一下统计，可以发现下面这个规律。横轴是震级，纵轴是每年的地震发生次数的对数（Log N/year），蓝色是观测，红色是模型，两者几乎重合并呈一条向下的直线，即 Gutenberg–Richter 定律[3]：

\n

\"\"

\n

，这里 N 是给定时间内震级>=M 的地震次数，a 和 b 是拟合的常数。

\n
\"\"
古登堡—里希特定（Gutenberg–Richter）定律
\n

基本上震级每增加 1，频次约降 10 倍，从第一张和第二张图也能看出来。所以，这样一个大量地震的统计和拟合结果也说明，大地震具有比较好的统计规律。所以，不存在地球上强震比过去发生的更频繁。

\n

至于题目里的“科学应对”，我想既然强震没比以往多，那以前怎么过未来就还怎么过。

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", - "content": "
\"头图\"/
\n

地球上强震是否变多，得看统计数据。我从 USGS 上搜集了 1990 年 -2025 年全球地震数据[1]，从中统计了大于 7.0 级和大于 8.0 级的地震的数量，如下图。

\n

全球过去 36 年，7.0 级及以上地震一共 520 次，平均每年 14.4 次；8.0 级及以上地震一共 34 次，每年平均 0.94 次。

\n

从下面两张图看，每年大地震（>=7.0）的数量没有持续上升或者减小的趋势，基本都是围绕着均值上下波动。

\n
\"\"
全球 1990-2025 年每年大于 7.0 级地震统计
\n
\"\"
全球 1990-2025 年每年大于 8.0 级地震统计
\n

大家之所以感觉更频繁，我理解可能原因是一次大地震以后，主震会触发余震级联。较多的余震，加上现在媒体曝光度也在提高，让很多余震小震也都被更多的曝光出来，这样给大家造成了大地震变多的错觉。

\n

聊下余震级联，余震的发生率随时间近似遵循下面这个公式，即 Omori 定律，

\n

\"\"

\n

其中，n(t) 表示时间 t 内的余震数量，k 和 c 都是常数，这个是根据某一地区的历史地震数据拟合后得到的参数，p 是一个调节参数，典型的 p 值为 0.7-1.5。总之，随着时间的增加，余震的数量 N(t)会按照一种幂律的方式衰减，即初期余震的数量逐渐下降，随着时间的推移，衰减速度逐渐减慢。而余震也会进一步再次触发余震，形成级联过程[2]，从而会让大家感觉某段时间内地震明显更多的感受。

\n

另外，如果把历史上的不同震级的地震再做一下统计，可以发现下面这个规律。横轴是震级，纵轴是每年的地震发生次数的对数（Log N/year），蓝色是观测，红色是模型，两者几乎重合并呈一条向下的直线，即 Gutenberg–Richter 定律[3]：

\n

\"\"

\n

，这里 N 是给定时间内震级>=M 的地震次数，a 和 b 是拟合的常数。

\n
\"\"
古登堡—里希特定（Gutenberg–Richter）定律
\n

基本上震级每增加 1，频次约降 10 倍，从第一张和第二张图也能看出来。所以，这样一个大量地震的统计和拟合结果也说明，大地震具有比较好的统计规律。所以，不存在地球上强震比过去发生的更频繁。

\n

至于题目里的“科学应对”，我想既然强震没比以往多，那以前怎么过未来就还怎么过。

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783456", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Sun, 24 Aug 2025 00:27:03 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "资讯", - "feed": "知乎", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "b9961f13bed9611edbd177173a221f4f", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "母鸡孵蛋的时候不会感到无聊吗？", "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n

母鸡孵蛋可不是趴到蛋上 21 天就行了。在母鸡进入孵蛋模式前，其体内就已经发生了很大的变化，这种变化是由脑垂体分泌的催乳素引起的。

\n

当母鸡进入孵化模式以后，母鸡的基础代谢率会下降，体温会下降 1~2℃，对外界的“应激度”也会降低。

\n

因此，孵化期的母鸡会对周围产生的任何干扰者不再应激，只要达不到威胁母鸡生命的程度，母鸡不会轻易放弃孵蛋，即使离开也会尽快返巢继续孵蛋，也就是老百姓常说的“落稳窝”。

\n

母鸡在孵蛋过程中，需要做的事包括：

\n

一、翻蛋。

\n

翻蛋包含两个方面的内容：

\n

1.把鸡蛋旋转 90°~180°，也就是把蛋“翻个面”，一来可以让蛋整体受热均匀，二来能够改变胚胎位置，防止发育中的胚胎与蛋壳内膜“粘连”。

\n

2.调整巢中鸡蛋的位置，如将外围鸡蛋调到巢中央，或把巢中央的鸡蛋调到外围。因为巢中央的温度比外围高，此举也是为了保证所有鸡蛋受热均匀，避免外围鸡蛋长期低温，影响胚胎发育。

\n

这两项工作经常是同时进行的，翻蛋时，母鸡会用喙轻轻地勾住鸡蛋，然后配合翅膀，把鸡蛋调整一个角度，完成翻蛋。母鸡通常每 2 小时就翻一次蛋，勤快的母鸡甚至 1 个小时就会翻一次蛋。

\n
\"\"
农村母鸡的自然巢穴。尤其是春天，当鸡蛋长期没有被捡走，聚集较多，就很容易“激发”农村土鸡的孵化本能
\n
\"\"
一只正在孵蛋的母鸡
\n

二、维持巢温。

\n

母鸡在孵蛋时，会随时注意窝里的温度，如温度过低，母鸡会将鸡蛋搂得紧凑一些；反之，若温度过高，母鸡会将鸡蛋搂得松散一些。

\n

另外，孵化过程也是个不断变化的过程，在孵化的不同阶段、不同的天气、气温条件下，母鸡也会采取相应的策略。

\n

如在孵化前期，需要的孵化温度高，母鸡翻蛋的频率也高；而在孵化后期，由于蛋中胚胎已经成型，也具有一定的主动产热能力，母鸡会适当降低孵化温度，甚至每天可以离开鸡窝半小时，让鸡蛋自然冷却一段时间，称为“晾蛋”，帮助胚胎散发热量，这也是提高孵化率的关键。

\n
\"\"
小鸡已经出壳（2023 年 3 月，摄于我岳母家的核桃园）
\n
\"\"
第二天，还是那只母鸡，已经在带着小鸡仔外出觅食了，正好本人在收拾蜂箱，割了一大块雄蜂蛹给这些小鸡吃
\n

三、觅食。

\n

“身体是革命的本钱”，虽然大部分时间都在孵化，但它们仍需要进食和饮水以维持体力。通常来说，母鸡在孵化期间，每天会花大约 20 分钟时间吃喝，同时完成排泄。

\n

当然，鸡蛋的孵化期长达 21 天，母鸡在孵化前期可以利用自身的脂肪储备，但在孵化后期，母鸡也会充分利用“晾蛋”的机会，顺便出去快速觅食。鸡主人也会将食物和水尽量放在离孵蛋母鸡近的地方，方便母鸡取食，减少母鸡外出觅食的时间。

\n

因此，且不说母鸡会不会产生人类“感到无聊”这样的情感，在整个孵化器，母鸡每天甚至每个小时都有事情要做，还要时刻保持同一个动作，实际上是很辛苦的。

\n

只是，由于母鸡自然孵蛋效率太低（每次仅能孵蛋约 15 枚），且母鸡在孵蛋和育雏期间会停止产蛋，对农户来说也是一种损失。因此，即便是农村，使用母鸡自然孵蛋也已经变得越来越少了。

\n
\"\"
2023 年 4 月，本人利用孵化期孵化家禽蛋，鸡蛋已经出壳，7 个大蛋是鹅蛋，由于鹅蛋孵化期为 31 天，此时还需要再孵 10 天。
\n
\"\"
10 天后，孵出的 7 只小鹅
\n

延伸阅读：

\n

为什么家养的鸡会孵蛋而家养的鸭子不孵蛋？

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", @@ -2826,28 +2826,6 @@ "hash": "86366507ef5efa0e259251dacdd1e58d", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "为啥蜻蜓在雨天也能在外面捕猎呢？", - "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n

“蜻蜓在雨天也能在外面捕猎”这个说法，本身对，但也不全对。

\n
\n

你以为的蜻蜓雨天捕猎是这样的：

\n
\"\"
应该是 AI 图
\n

但实际上，蜻蜓并没那么头铁。

\n

你让它去“依萍找她爸要钱那天”那么大的暴雨里飞，那不叫捕猎，那叫挨创。

\n
\"\"
我再也不找我爸要钱了！
\n

一个雨点对蜻蜓来说，动能可能是它体重的几十倍甚至上百倍。

\n

蜻蜓约 1g 重，雨点冲击动能约 2.03mJ。

\n

大致相当于一个约 25 斤的重物从 1 米高处，砸在一个 120 斤重的人头上。

\n

这玩意儿砸蜻蜓身上跟咱被西瓜开瓢没啥区别。

\n
\"\"
\n

所以，我们通常说的“蜻蜓雨天捕猎”，指的是两种情况：

\n
    \n
  1. 毛毛细雨 / 濛濛细雨：雨点小，密度低，对飞行影响没那么致命。
    2. \n
  2. 暴雨前或雨后初歇：气压变化，天气闷热，大量小飞虫（比如蚊子、蠓啥的）被逼到低空活动，移动的蛋白质大礼包。
    3. \n
\n

在这种下，蜻蜓不仅能飞，而且捕猎效率奇高。

\n

为啥？因为平时跟它抢饭吃的友商，早就被这点风雨干趴窝了。

\n

这时候的天空，对于蜻蜓来说，算是“局部空域净化”，整个空域都是它的，视野里能动的，除了雨点，基本都是外卖。

\n

接下来，再絮叨絮叨，为什么蜻蜓雨天捕猎能这么牛逼。

\n

这事儿得分成几个层面说，分别是：硬件配置、飞控系统、雷达系统和作战策略。

\n
\n

一、硬件配置：疏水涂层

\n

你下雨天出门，是不是得打伞穿雨衣？

\n

不然淋成落汤鸡，又冷又重。

\n

蜻蜓其实也怕，但人家出厂自带顶级装备。

\n

它的身体表面，尤其是翅膀，覆盖着一层由几丁质和蜡质组成的角质层。

\n

这玩意儿在微观层面下，不是光滑的，而是布满了纳米级别的微小凸起和沟壑。

\n
\"\"
图源：日立科学仪器
\n

这结构有啥用？

\n

超——级——疏——水！

\n

物理学上管这个叫“荷叶效应”。

\n

水滴落在这上面，由于表面张力的作用，根本无法铺展开，只能形成一个圆滚滚的水珠。

\n

稍微一倾斜，或者一阵微风，水珠就“呲溜”一下滚下去了，顺便还把翅幕上的灰尘给带走了，自带清洁功能。

\n
\"\"
\n

打个比方，这就好比你给你的车刚打完最贵的蜡，或者穿了一件顶级的冲锋衣。

\n

水泼上去，根本不沾。

\n
\"\"
\n

所以，雨点落在蜻蜓翅膀上，根本不会“浸润”打湿翅膀，增加重量，影响气动外形。

\n

小的雨滴直接被弹开，大一点的雨滴就算砸中了，也只是短暂地附着一下，蜻蜓翅膀一振，或者稍微改变下姿态，水珠就滚下去了。

\n

这身疏水材料，是它敢在雨里浪的第一层底气。

\n

不然飞着飞着，翅膀越来越重，跟飞机机翼结冰一样，直接失速坠机了。

\n
\n

二、飞控系统

\n

好了，解决了“湿身”的问题，下一个问题更要命：冲击力。

\n

就像前面说的，一个雨点对蜻蜓来说就是一发西瓜。

\n

哪怕是无人机，在空中被一个跟自己差不多重的玩意儿高速砸一下，飞控系统反应不过来，姿态一乱，基本就没了。

\n
\"\"
很多无人机都这么炸的
\n

但蜻蜓的飞控，很牛逼的。

\n

为啥这么说？

\n

1. 四翅独立驱动，异步扑动：

\n

蜻蜓牛逼就牛逼在它有两对翅膀，而且这两对翅膀不是同步扇动的。

\n

它的前翅和后翅可以由不同的肌肉控制，以不同的频率、不同的振幅、不同的相位角进行扑动。

\n
\"\"
\n

这种异步扑动带来了什么好处？无与伦比的稳定性和机动性。

\n
    \n
  • 它可以像直升机一样悬停。
    • \n
  • 它可以瞬间加速到很高的速度。
    • \n
  • 它可以倒着飞。
    • \n
  • 它可以近乎 90 度直角转弯。
    • \n
\n

这种飞行能力，在昆虫界就是神。

\n

现在回到下雨的问题。

\n

当一片翅膀，比如左前翅，突然被一个雨点砸中，导致飞行姿态瞬间失衡。

\n

蜻蜓的神经系统会在毫秒级的时间内做出反应，立刻调整其他三片翅膀的扑动方式——比如，右后翅加大力度，左后翅和右前翅改变角度——瞬间就把这个不平衡给抵消掉了。

\n

这就是展示容错。

\n

2. 柔性翅膀的被动减震：

\n

蜻蜓的翅膀也不是一块钢板，它是有弹性的。翅脉构成了框架，中间是柔性的翅膜。

\n

当雨点砸上来的时候，这个冲击力会被翅膀的弹性结构部分吸收和缓冲掉，而不是硬生生地传递给整个身体。

\n
\"\"
液滴撞击柔性基底
\n

这就好比你开车，有悬挂减震和没有悬挂减震的区别。

\n

蜻蜓的翅膀，自带“被动悬挂系统”。

\n

所以，靠着主动飞控 + 被动减震，蜻蜓才能在炮火连天的雨天里，保持优雅的飞行姿态。

\n
\n

三、雷达系统：300 帧的复眼

\n

硬件和飞控都顶级了，那索敌和火控系统呢？

\n

蜻蜓同样是顶配。

\n

说的就是它那对占了脑袋大部分面积的大复眼。

\n
\"\"
密恐慎入
\n

在昆虫里面也是很能打的。

\n

1. 超广角视野：

\n

蜻蜓的复眼，每个都由成千上万个小眼组成，拼接在一起，给了它接近360°无死角的视野。

\n

除了自己后脑勺正后方一小块，其他方向都在它的监控之下。

\n
\"\"
\n

在雨天，威胁和猎物可能来自任何方向，这种全景视野至关重要。

\n

2. 极高的“刷新率”：

\n

这才是最变态的地方。我们人类眼睛的“刷新率”，学名叫“闪烁融合频率”，大概是每秒 60 次（60Hz）。

\n

所以我们看刷新率超过 60Hz 的电影和屏幕，就觉得是流畅的画面了。

\n

（24 帧是刚刚觉得不卡，必须上 60 帧）

\n

你猜蜻蜓的复眼刷新率是多少？高达 200Hz！

\n

这是什么概念？

\n

它眼里的世界，是超级慢动作。

\n

你抬头看下雨，看到的是一片连绵不绝的“雨幕”。

\n

蜻蜓抬头看下雨，看到的是一个个独立的、可以清晰辨认的、以慢动作下落的“水球”。

\n

在它眼里，雨点飞得再快，也跟《黑客帝国》里尼奥躲子弹一样，轨迹清清楚楚。

\n
\"\"
\n

而那个在雨滴缝隙里艰难扑腾的小蚊子，简直就跟静止靶一样，被看得一清二楚。

\n

所以，它能在复杂的雨幕中，精准地计算出自己和猎物的飞行轨迹，以及所有雨滴的轨迹，然后规划出一条完美的拦截路线，一击毙命。

\n
\n

四、躲雨不香吗

\n

最后，我们再讨论一个问题：

\n

蜻蜓为啥非要在雨天出来干活？在家躺着不香吗？

\n

香，但没饭吃。

\n

蜻蜓是纯粹的肉食主义者，而且新陈代谢极快，一天不吃就饿得慌。

\n

哪怕是在幼年水虿时期，也是相当很能吃的，一只水虿一天可以吃掉几十甚至上百只蚊子的幼虫。

\n
\"\"
水虿捕食孑孓
\n

它的一生，不是在捕猎，就是在去捕猎的路上。

\n

对蜻蜓来说是毛毛雨，对蚊子、蠓虫这些体型更小的昆虫来说，那就是“中雨”甚至“大雨”了。

\n

它们的翅膀更容易被打湿，飞行变得笨拙、缓慢，而且为了躲避雨点，它们会飞得很低，活动范围也变小了。

\n

平时活蹦乱跳、满天乱窜的猎物，现在变成了行动迟缓、扎堆出现的高蛋白自助餐。

\n

你说，这种机会，作为天空中的顶级掠食者，它能放过吗？

\n

不能够啊！

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", - "content": "
\"头图\"/
\n

“蜻蜓在雨天也能在外面捕猎”这个说法，本身对，但也不全对。

\n
\n

你以为的蜻蜓雨天捕猎是这样的：

\n
\"\"
应该是 AI 图
\n

但实际上，蜻蜓并没那么头铁。

\n

你让它去“依萍找她爸要钱那天”那么大的暴雨里飞，那不叫捕猎，那叫挨创。

\n
\"\"
我再也不找我爸要钱了！
\n

一个雨点对蜻蜓来说，动能可能是它体重的几十倍甚至上百倍。

\n

蜻蜓约 1g 重，雨点冲击动能约 2.03mJ。

\n

大致相当于一个约 25 斤的重物从 1 米高处，砸在一个 120 斤重的人头上。

\n

这玩意儿砸蜻蜓身上跟咱被西瓜开瓢没啥区别。

\n
\"\"
\n

所以，我们通常说的“蜻蜓雨天捕猎”，指的是两种情况：

\n
    \n
  1. 毛毛细雨 / 濛濛细雨：雨点小，密度低，对飞行影响没那么致命。
    2. \n
  2. 暴雨前或雨后初歇：气压变化，天气闷热，大量小飞虫（比如蚊子、蠓啥的）被逼到低空活动，移动的蛋白质大礼包。
    3. \n
\n

在这种下，蜻蜓不仅能飞，而且捕猎效率奇高。

\n

为啥？因为平时跟它抢饭吃的友商，早就被这点风雨干趴窝了。

\n

这时候的天空，对于蜻蜓来说，算是“局部空域净化”，整个空域都是它的，视野里能动的，除了雨点，基本都是外卖。

\n

接下来，再絮叨絮叨，为什么蜻蜓雨天捕猎能这么牛逼。

\n

这事儿得分成几个层面说，分别是：硬件配置、飞控系统、雷达系统和作战策略。

\n
\n

一、硬件配置：疏水涂层

\n

你下雨天出门，是不是得打伞穿雨衣？

\n

不然淋成落汤鸡，又冷又重。

\n

蜻蜓其实也怕，但人家出厂自带顶级装备。

\n

它的身体表面，尤其是翅膀，覆盖着一层由几丁质和蜡质组成的角质层。

\n

这玩意儿在微观层面下，不是光滑的，而是布满了纳米级别的微小凸起和沟壑。

\n
\"\"
图源：日立科学仪器
\n

这结构有啥用？

\n

超——级——疏——水！

\n

物理学上管这个叫“荷叶效应”。

\n

水滴落在这上面，由于表面张力的作用，根本无法铺展开，只能形成一个圆滚滚的水珠。

\n

稍微一倾斜，或者一阵微风，水珠就“呲溜”一下滚下去了，顺便还把翅幕上的灰尘给带走了，自带清洁功能。

\n
\"\"
\n

打个比方，这就好比你给你的车刚打完最贵的蜡，或者穿了一件顶级的冲锋衣。

\n

水泼上去，根本不沾。

\n
\"\"
\n

所以，雨点落在蜻蜓翅膀上，根本不会“浸润”打湿翅膀，增加重量，影响气动外形。

\n

小的雨滴直接被弹开，大一点的雨滴就算砸中了，也只是短暂地附着一下，蜻蜓翅膀一振，或者稍微改变下姿态，水珠就滚下去了。

\n

这身疏水材料，是它敢在雨里浪的第一层底气。

\n

不然飞着飞着，翅膀越来越重，跟飞机机翼结冰一样，直接失速坠机了。

\n
\n

二、飞控系统

\n

好了，解决了“湿身”的问题，下一个问题更要命：冲击力。

\n

就像前面说的，一个雨点对蜻蜓来说就是一发西瓜。

\n

哪怕是无人机，在空中被一个跟自己差不多重的玩意儿高速砸一下，飞控系统反应不过来，姿态一乱，基本就没了。

\n
\"\"
很多无人机都这么炸的
\n

但蜻蜓的飞控，很牛逼的。

\n

为啥这么说？

\n

1. 四翅独立驱动，异步扑动：

\n

蜻蜓牛逼就牛逼在它有两对翅膀，而且这两对翅膀不是同步扇动的。

\n

它的前翅和后翅可以由不同的肌肉控制，以不同的频率、不同的振幅、不同的相位角进行扑动。

\n
\"\"
\n

这种异步扑动带来了什么好处？无与伦比的稳定性和机动性。

\n
    \n
  • 它可以像直升机一样悬停。
    • \n
  • 它可以瞬间加速到很高的速度。
    • \n
  • 它可以倒着飞。
    • \n
  • 它可以近乎 90 度直角转弯。
    • \n
\n

这种飞行能力，在昆虫界就是神。

\n

现在回到下雨的问题。

\n

当一片翅膀，比如左前翅，突然被一个雨点砸中，导致飞行姿态瞬间失衡。

\n

蜻蜓的神经系统会在毫秒级的时间内做出反应，立刻调整其他三片翅膀的扑动方式——比如，右后翅加大力度，左后翅和右前翅改变角度——瞬间就把这个不平衡给抵消掉了。

\n

这就是展示容错。

\n

2. 柔性翅膀的被动减震：

\n

蜻蜓的翅膀也不是一块钢板，它是有弹性的。翅脉构成了框架，中间是柔性的翅膜。

\n

当雨点砸上来的时候，这个冲击力会被翅膀的弹性结构部分吸收和缓冲掉，而不是硬生生地传递给整个身体。

\n
\"\"
液滴撞击柔性基底
\n

这就好比你开车，有悬挂减震和没有悬挂减震的区别。

\n

蜻蜓的翅膀，自带“被动悬挂系统”。

\n

所以，靠着主动飞控 + 被动减震，蜻蜓才能在炮火连天的雨天里，保持优雅的飞行姿态。

\n
\n

三、雷达系统：300 帧的复眼

\n

硬件和飞控都顶级了，那索敌和火控系统呢？

\n

蜻蜓同样是顶配。

\n

说的就是它那对占了脑袋大部分面积的大复眼。

\n
\"\"
密恐慎入
\n

在昆虫里面也是很能打的。

\n

1. 超广角视野：

\n

蜻蜓的复眼，每个都由成千上万个小眼组成，拼接在一起，给了它接近360°无死角的视野。

\n

除了自己后脑勺正后方一小块，其他方向都在它的监控之下。

\n
\"\"
\n

在雨天，威胁和猎物可能来自任何方向，这种全景视野至关重要。

\n

2. 极高的“刷新率”：

\n

这才是最变态的地方。我们人类眼睛的“刷新率”，学名叫“闪烁融合频率”，大概是每秒 60 次（60Hz）。

\n

所以我们看刷新率超过 60Hz 的电影和屏幕，就觉得是流畅的画面了。

\n

（24 帧是刚刚觉得不卡，必须上 60 帧）

\n

你猜蜻蜓的复眼刷新率是多少？高达 200Hz！

\n

这是什么概念？

\n

它眼里的世界，是超级慢动作。

\n

你抬头看下雨，看到的是一片连绵不绝的“雨幕”。

\n

蜻蜓抬头看下雨，看到的是一个个独立的、可以清晰辨认的、以慢动作下落的“水球”。

\n

在它眼里，雨点飞得再快，也跟《黑客帝国》里尼奥躲子弹一样，轨迹清清楚楚。

\n
\"\"
\n

而那个在雨滴缝隙里艰难扑腾的小蚊子，简直就跟静止靶一样，被看得一清二楚。

\n

所以，它能在复杂的雨幕中，精准地计算出自己和猎物的飞行轨迹，以及所有雨滴的轨迹，然后规划出一条完美的拦截路线，一击毙命。

\n
\n

四、躲雨不香吗

\n

最后，我们再讨论一个问题：

\n

蜻蜓为啥非要在雨天出来干活？在家躺着不香吗？

\n

香，但没饭吃。

\n

蜻蜓是纯粹的肉食主义者，而且新陈代谢极快，一天不吃就饿得慌。

\n

哪怕是在幼年水虿时期，也是相当很能吃的，一只水虿一天可以吃掉几十甚至上百只蚊子的幼虫。

\n
\"\"
水虿捕食孑孓
\n

它的一生，不是在捕猎，就是在去捕猎的路上。

\n

对蜻蜓来说是毛毛雨，对蚊子、蠓虫这些体型更小的昆虫来说，那就是“中雨”甚至“大雨”了。

\n

它们的翅膀更容易被打湿，飞行变得笨拙、缓慢，而且为了躲避雨点，它们会飞得很低，活动范围也变小了。

\n

平时活蹦乱跳、满天乱窜的猎物，现在变成了行动迟缓、扎堆出现的高蛋白自助餐。

\n

你说，这种机会，作为天空中的顶级掠食者，它能放过吗？

\n

不能够啊！

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783433", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Sat, 23 Aug 2025 00:27:03 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "资讯", - "feed": "知乎", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "6de60e64229dd02e190caae5bfad35a8", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "研究称吃瓜类食物可以延缓衰老，原理是什么？瓜类有哪些抗老成分？", "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n

好家伙，让我吃口瓜压压惊。

\n

前排省流：确实可以，起作用的是瓜氨酸，放人身上效果几何有待进一步研究。但是靠吃西瓜来补充比起不完全明确的健康收益，承担糖尿病明确的健康风险更大一些。可以偶尔吃点冬瓜、丝瓜，佛系补充。

\n

原文找到了，是中科院上海有机化学研究所朱正江团队 3 月发表在《科学进展》（IF:14.957，综合性期刊 1 区）的一项研究，名称为《瓜氨酸调节小鼠巨噬细胞代谢和炎症以对抗衰老 Citrulline regulates macrophage metabolism and inflammation to counter aging in mice》：

\n
\"\"
\n

朱正江团队先是对不同年龄（6、24、36、52 和 78 周龄）雄性小鼠的脑组织、肝组织和血清样本的代谢变化进行了综合分析，发现有 7 种代谢物随着小鼠的衰老而含量降低。

\n
\"\"
\n

这些代谢物包括 1,5- 无氢葡糖醇、瓜氨酸、环己酸、氧化三甲胺、麦角硫因、鹅丝氨酸和高瓜氨酸。

\n

而之前的一些研究，已经证实 1,5- 无氢葡糖醇 、麦角硫因、氧化三甲胺和高瓜氨酸与衰老有关，他们就先把目标放在了瓜氨酸上。

\n

24 周龄小鼠的各种组织中，瓜氨酸的含量相对 6 周龄小鼠明显下降，在肝中降低最为明显，达到了 50%，脑和血清中则降低了 20%。

\n

24 周龄是小鼠衰老的起点，从这时起它们的免疫系统功能减弱，毛发变得稀疏，反应变得迟钝，身体机能下降。

\n
\"\"
不同年龄小鼠大脑、肝脏和血清中瓜氨酸的相对丰度
\n

然后呢，研究者把瓜氨酸溶解到饮用水中，让雄性年轻小鼠（6 周龄）和雄性老年小鼠（72 周龄）口服补充，他们还选了相同情况的另外两组小鼠做对照，只喝饮用水，不补瓜氨酸。

\n

有关瓜氨酸的补充，持续了 9 周。

\n
\"\"
\n

然后呢，研究者再分析这些小鼠的脑组织、肝组织和血清。

\n

结果，补充了瓜氨酸的小鼠这些样本内的瓜氨酸水平上升，在年老小鼠体内的提升尤为明显，说明口服的补充方式是有效的。

\n

研究者进一步分析衰老相关的指标，然后神奇的事情就发生了：

\n

9 周的瓜氨酸补充后，老年小鼠体重有效下降，脾脏和肝脏的重量也减轻了。

\n
\"\"
\n

与此同时，还有更多的 magic!

\n

补充瓜氨酸的小鼠，细胞衰老的速度变慢了，DNA 损伤修复了，巨噬细胞代谢被调节得明明白白，小鼠体内的炎症水平都降~低~啦~

\n
\"\"
\n

既然在小鼠上可行，那研究人员赶紧去看看人类的情况。

\n

他们寻找了人类的数据，发现随着年龄增长，人类的外周血单核细胞（PBMC）中的瓜氨酸含量也会减少，而补充瓜氨酸后，同样可以抑制与衰老相关的炎症反应。

\n
\"\"
\n

之前也有诸多研究，指出瓜氨酸对人类肌肉生长及保留、血管健康、运动表现（甚至性功能）等方面有积极的作用。

\n

但作用多少，还是要打个问号，只能说有效果。

\n

说到这里，就要谈瓜氨酸的补充量了。

\n

根据不同的研究，瓜氨酸的有效剂量范围为 3~10 克 / 天，换算成瓜氨酸含量最丰富的西瓜，要吃保底 3 斤的瓜....

\n

瓜氨酸补充不了多少，血糖是肯定要爆炸的，延寿能起到的作用没有多少，糖尿病怕是要先吃出来。

\n
\"\"
\n

丝瓜和冬瓜，瓜氨酸含量也不低，热量低、升糖指数低、饱腹感还很强，倒是不错的选择。

\n

不爱吃丝瓜和冬瓜的朋友也不用太焦虑，瓜氨酸作为一种非必需氨基酸，本身就可以在我们体内合成的。

\n

无论如何，按照膳食指南的标准，没有糖尿病的朋友每天吃 350g 的水果对健康肯定是好的~

\n

请大家理性吃瓜，均衡饮食

\n

祝各位健康长寿

\n

以上

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", @@ -2870,28 +2848,6 @@ "hash": "b8031d4aeafb9f32d8e20d63fe42b253", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "老虎舔冰块直接刮下一堆冰渣，它的舌头有多锋利？被老虎舔一下可能造成什么后果？", - "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n

我之前就回答过，如果和人打，老虎可能用舌头都能赢。倒不是它的舌头有多锋利，而是上面的“倒刺”很有意思。老虎哪怕是出于善意，往人脸上轻轻舔上那么一小口，人都会遭不住。

\n

一、先介绍一下老虎的舌头和上面的“倒刺”

\n
\"\"
\n

1.老虎舌头上的“倒刺”是什么，有没有杀伤力？

\n

老虎舌头上的这种倒刺，正儿八经的名字叫“丝状乳头”，是密集分布于舌头上的角质化突起，硬度与人类指甲相似。

\n

大家不妨想象一下：如果不小心被“川渝暴龙”长长的指甲刮一下我们都有可能挂彩，何况是这种状如针尖和钩刺般的“指甲”呢，其伤害力和“川渝暴龙”比起来，简直就是真正的霸王龙级别。

\n

而且，不只是老虎，很多猫科动物，如像猫、猞猁、雪豹、金钱豹等的舌头上，也有类似的“倒刺”，结构大同小异。

\n
\"\"
\n

就倒刺的分布而言，在舌根和舌头的边缘位置倒刺较少、较小、较软，在舌头中间部位则较多、较大、较硬。

\n
\"\"
\n

2.老虎舌上“倒刺”的主要用途是什么？

\n

但是，老虎却不是用这玩意儿来杀伤，而是主要用来辅助进食。

\n

老虎吃东西的时候，有些肉会黏在猎物的骨头上，难用牙齿直接咬下来。这时候，舌头上的倒刺就派上了用场。它们就像一把把小刮刀，帮助老虎轻轻地把黏在骨头上的肉刮下来，让老虎吃得更干净、更满足。

\n
\"\"
\n

另外，还可以用来梳理（清理）毛发‌。这时候，倒刺会像梳子般游走于毛发之间，清除寄生虫、刮去灰尘，维护皮肤健康。‌‌

\n

比如，用来清理自己↓

\n
\"\"
\n

或用来清理幼崽↓

\n
\"\"
\n

额~~~，图放错了，重来↓

\n
\"\"
\n

或者，相互清理↓

\n
\"\"
\n

当然，唾液也能通过倒刺的空腔输送至表面，兼具清洁和降温功能，就像二哈那样吐舌散热。

\n
\"\"
\n

前面讲过，倒刺在舌头中间多而硬，在边缘少儿软，所以，估计它们在辅助进食时，中部用得多一些，舔小宝宝和清理毛发时，边缘用得较多。

\n

二、再重申一下老虎的威慑力

\n

大家千万不要以为，老虎就舌头厉害。其实，无论是体型、掌爪、身法，老虎样样都顶尖，人类（包括其他大多数陆生哺乳动物）在它面前，都弱得一批。

\n

要知道，有威慑力的老虎，可不是这玩意儿↓

\n
\"\"
\n

也不是这种状态↓

\n
\"\"
\n

而是，这样的大家伙↓

\n
\"\"
\n

它的压迫感满满，光是气势这块，就没输过谁。

\n

1.老虎的体型比我们想象中大很多

\n

俗话说，“骂架看嗓门，打架看块头”。老虎的块头很大的，据说雄性东北虎体长最大可达 3.7 米、体重最大可达 423 千克。连最小苏门答腊虎雄虎体长都可达 2.34 米、体重可达 136 千克。这种体型，可不是人能抗衡的。它们的站立高度一般都有 2 至 3 米。‌‌‌‌

\n

瞧瞧这体型和高度↓

\n
\"\"
\n

再看看这个↓

\n
\"\"
\n

在这样的大家伙面前，在这样大的体型差距下，人类还能有什么胜算？

\n
\"\"
\n

2.老虎的掌（爪）是它们的致命武器

\n

对老虎来说，“嘴是一扇门，全靠爪打人”，没错，它们的看家本领就是爪（掌）击。

\n
据说，东北虎的掌力比狮子还大 10％左右，居猫科动物之冠。成年雄性东北虎掌力可达 1000 千克左右，成年雌性东北虎也可达 800-900 千克左右。
\n

因此，老虎的爪趾虽然不能像人那样握紧成拳来进行攻击，但仅凭一对有力的掌（爪）就足以击败（甚至灭杀）大多数陆地哺乳动物。

\n

先看看它们自己击掌友谊赛的力度和速率

\n
\"\"
\n

再看看它们锋利的爪子

\n
\"\"
\n

再看看他们掌虐狮子有多轻松，一掌拍歪狮子头。人的头在它面前，估计软得就像红烧“狮子头”。

\n
\"\"
\n

再来，三下五除二，掌服你个“软狮（柿）子”

\n
\"\"
\n

3.老虎的身法也是矫健无比

\n

它们上天可打鸟

\n
\"\"
\n

下水可捉鱼

\n
\"\"
\n

额~~~，又错了，换一张

\n
\"\"
\n

甚至还可以潜入水底

\n
\"\"
\n

立定跳远，能轻松越过小河

\n
\"\"
\n

纵身一跃，接近“两三层楼那么高”

\n
\"\"
\n

这种身法，人在他面前就像块木头那样呆，像个蜗牛那么慢。

\n

打不过，也别想着跑。老虎的速度最高可达 72-88 公里 / 小时，“世界上最快的男人”博尔特 100 米竞赛记录是 9 秒 58(约 36 公里 / 小时)，在老虎面前也弱得一批。千万别试图在他面前逃跑，当它瞄准你飞扑过来时，你最好祈祷它那巴掌扇得温柔一点。

\n
\"\"
\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", - "content": "
\"头图\"/
\n

我之前就回答过，如果和人打，老虎可能用舌头都能赢。倒不是它的舌头有多锋利，而是上面的“倒刺”很有意思。老虎哪怕是出于善意，往人脸上轻轻舔上那么一小口，人都会遭不住。

\n

一、先介绍一下老虎的舌头和上面的“倒刺”

\n
\"\"
\n

1.老虎舌头上的“倒刺”是什么，有没有杀伤力？

\n

老虎舌头上的这种倒刺，正儿八经的名字叫“丝状乳头”，是密集分布于舌头上的角质化突起，硬度与人类指甲相似。

\n

大家不妨想象一下：如果不小心被“川渝暴龙”长长的指甲刮一下我们都有可能挂彩，何况是这种状如针尖和钩刺般的“指甲”呢，其伤害力和“川渝暴龙”比起来，简直就是真正的霸王龙级别。

\n

而且，不只是老虎，很多猫科动物，如像猫、猞猁、雪豹、金钱豹等的舌头上，也有类似的“倒刺”，结构大同小异。

\n
\"\"
\n

就倒刺的分布而言，在舌根和舌头的边缘位置倒刺较少、较小、较软，在舌头中间部位则较多、较大、较硬。

\n
\"\"
\n

2.老虎舌上“倒刺”的主要用途是什么？

\n

但是，老虎却不是用这玩意儿来杀伤，而是主要用来辅助进食。

\n

老虎吃东西的时候，有些肉会黏在猎物的骨头上，难用牙齿直接咬下来。这时候，舌头上的倒刺就派上了用场。它们就像一把把小刮刀，帮助老虎轻轻地把黏在骨头上的肉刮下来，让老虎吃得更干净、更满足。

\n
\"\"
\n

另外，还可以用来梳理（清理）毛发‌。这时候，倒刺会像梳子般游走于毛发之间，清除寄生虫、刮去灰尘，维护皮肤健康。‌‌

\n

比如，用来清理自己↓

\n
\"\"
\n

或用来清理幼崽↓

\n
\"\"
\n

额~~~，图放错了，重来↓

\n
\"\"
\n

或者，相互清理↓

\n
\"\"
\n

当然，唾液也能通过倒刺的空腔输送至表面，兼具清洁和降温功能，就像二哈那样吐舌散热。

\n
\"\"
\n

前面讲过，倒刺在舌头中间多而硬，在边缘少儿软，所以，估计它们在辅助进食时，中部用得多一些，舔小宝宝和清理毛发时，边缘用得较多。

\n

二、再重申一下老虎的威慑力

\n

大家千万不要以为，老虎就舌头厉害。其实，无论是体型、掌爪、身法，老虎样样都顶尖，人类（包括其他大多数陆生哺乳动物）在它面前，都弱得一批。

\n

要知道，有威慑力的老虎，可不是这玩意儿↓

\n
\"\"
\n

也不是这种状态↓

\n
\"\"
\n

而是，这样的大家伙↓

\n
\"\"
\n

它的压迫感满满，光是气势这块，就没输过谁。

\n

1.老虎的体型比我们想象中大很多

\n

俗话说，“骂架看嗓门，打架看块头”。老虎的块头很大的，据说雄性东北虎体长最大可达 3.7 米、体重最大可达 423 千克。连最小苏门答腊虎雄虎体长都可达 2.34 米、体重可达 136 千克。这种体型，可不是人能抗衡的。它们的站立高度一般都有 2 至 3 米。‌‌‌‌

\n

瞧瞧这体型和高度↓

\n
\"\"
\n

再看看这个↓

\n
\"\"
\n

在这样的大家伙面前，在这样大的体型差距下，人类还能有什么胜算？

\n
\"\"
\n

2.老虎的掌（爪）是它们的致命武器

\n

对老虎来说，“嘴是一扇门，全靠爪打人”，没错，它们的看家本领就是爪（掌）击。

\n
据说，东北虎的掌力比狮子还大 10％左右，居猫科动物之冠。成年雄性东北虎掌力可达 1000 千克左右，成年雌性东北虎也可达 800-900 千克左右。
\n

因此，老虎的爪趾虽然不能像人那样握紧成拳来进行攻击，但仅凭一对有力的掌（爪）就足以击败（甚至灭杀）大多数陆地哺乳动物。

\n

先看看它们自己击掌友谊赛的力度和速率

\n
\"\"
\n

再看看它们锋利的爪子

\n
\"\"
\n

再看看他们掌虐狮子有多轻松，一掌拍歪狮子头。人的头在它面前，估计软得就像红烧“狮子头”。

\n
\"\"
\n

再来，三下五除二，掌服你个“软狮（柿）子”

\n
\"\"
\n

3.老虎的身法也是矫健无比

\n

它们上天可打鸟

\n
\"\"
\n

下水可捉鱼

\n
\"\"
\n

额~~~，又错了，换一张

\n
\"\"
\n

甚至还可以潜入水底

\n
\"\"
\n

立定跳远，能轻松越过小河

\n
\"\"
\n

纵身一跃，接近“两三层楼那么高”

\n
\"\"
\n

这种身法，人在他面前就像块木头那样呆，像个蜗牛那么慢。

\n

打不过，也别想着跑。老虎的速度最高可达 72-88 公里 / 小时，“世界上最快的男人”博尔特 100 米竞赛记录是 9 秒 58(约 36 公里 / 小时)，在老虎面前也弱得一批。千万别试图在他面前逃跑，当它瞄准你飞扑过来时，你最好祈祷它那巴掌扇得温柔一点。

\n
\"\"
\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783410", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Fri, 22 Aug 2025 00:27:03 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "资讯", - "feed": "知乎", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "a3d9f8c210dca65f2c4f19d6c23c2559", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "大洋中有无人岛，那么大沙漠中是否有无人绿洲?", "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n

有。

\n

而且很多。

\n
\"\"
塔里木河尾闾湖台特玛湖
\n

因为，人这种物种，看似顽强，实则，和动植物相比，对生存环境的要求还是很高的。

\n

大沙漠中，有很多有水，有草，有树，有动物的区域，因为种种现实条件限制，人类无法定居。

\n

比如说，沙漠内部内流河的尾闾湖。

\n
\"\"
石羊河尾闾湖青土湖
\n

绿洲本意是在大尺度的荒漠里，小范围内，具有一定规模的生物群落，相对比较稳定，具有明显的小气候的区域。

\n

内流河的尾闾湖中，有很多深处大沙漠中，有稳定的生物群落，有茂盛的植物（芦苇，胡杨林，红柳等），多样的动物（水鸟，啮齿类动物），有比沙漠更湿润的小气候。

\n

但是，因为水源是季节性的，不稳定的水源，或者因为水质较差，因此人类无法（不愿）在此定居。

\n

比如台特玛湖。

\n
\"\"
\n
\"\"
\n

台特玛湖是塔里木河和车尔臣河共同的尾闾湖，位置在若羌县城以北大约 100 里。

\n

台特玛湖深居我国第一大沙漠，塔克拉玛干沙漠内部。

\n

目前台特玛湖在丰水期，水域面积大约在 88 平方千米，大约相当于 13 个西湖。

\n

曾经因为塔里木河和车尔臣河流域内截流灌溉，河流断流，台特玛湖在上个世纪的后半段，曾经长时间干涸。

\n

在 2000 年后，因为车尔臣河水量增加，塔里木河流域内水利调度，生态输水，台特玛湖逐渐恢复。

\n

沙漠地区只要是有水，植被会很快恢复。

\n

随之恢复的是动物种群。

\n

目前台特玛湖监测到的鸟类，有白鹭、赤麻鸭、鸬鹚、野鸭、红嘴鸥、灰鹤、文须雀等近 30 种鸟类。

\n
\"\"
\n

动植物对环境的变化总是敏感的。

\n

而且，绿洲对小气候的影响也是显而易见的。

\n

随之台特玛湖的恢复，绿洲内沙尘天数降低，大风强度下降，空气湿度上升。

\n

但是这样有水，有草，有鸟的区域并不适合人类居住。

\n
\"\"
\n

一来，因为没有足够的水源供农业生产。

\n

这里的水本就是塔里木河和车尔臣河流域内，压缩农业生产省下来的水，是为了恢复生态用的。

\n

二来，有水，也是季节性的。

\n

夏秋季，塔里木河和车尔臣河处于汛期时，才会有水流入台特玛湖。

\n

其余季节并没有多余的水。

\n

三来，即便其它季节湖内仍有积水，但是，内流湖盐碱度普遍高。

\n

偏咸的水体，耐盐碱的植物能够适应生长，湿地水鸟也能够适应并愉快栖息，人类却不能饮用，也不能用这样的水灌溉。

\n

所以啊，人类的适应性，比动植物差很多。

\n

当然了，只是不能定居和生产，去旅游或者从 G218 上开车经过的人还是挺多的。

\n
\"\"
\n

这种情况算不算无人绿洲，见仁见智吧！

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", @@ -2914,28 +2870,6 @@ "hash": "7c0d4990073455f0210bedf1717a7f76", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "生物可以合成纤维，也可以合成塑料，那么能不能长出复合材料的支撑结构？", - "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n

能。刚好一大学的录取通知书中有蘑菇纸，其关键——「菌丝体」就是一种复合材料支撑结构。

\n

什么是菌丝体？

\n
菌菇类的菌丝在基质中或培养基上蔓延伸展，反复分枝网状成菌丝群，通称菌丝体[1]。
\n
\"\"
一种菇类的菌丝体外观
\n
\"\"
菌丝体三维结构示意图
\n

这个菌丝体很有意思，在一定条件下可以利用其三维立体网状结构将植物纤维紧密粘黏在一起，构成一种天然的植物纤维符合材料。这种材料绿色、环保、可降解，可以应用在包装、服装、建筑材料等领域。

\n
\"\"
\n
\"\"
一种菌类的菌丝与纤维制成的复合材料应用构想
\n

这种菌丝体复合材料的概念是怎么来的呢？

\n

2007 年，大漂亮国的研究团队首先提出了一种菌丝体复合材料的概念：

\n
自然界中广泛存在的真菌能利用秸秆、木屑、稻壳等作为基质，形成血管状分枝的三维立体网络结构的菌丝体。这种网状菌丝体就像黏合剂一样，将不连续的植物纤维紧密结合在一起，形成一种天然的生物复合材料。这种菌丝体复合材料对环境友好、绿色，可再生，有着广泛的用途[2]。
\n

在国内，吉林农业大学的科研团队经过大量的试验，甄选出一种灵芝菌种作为培养菌丝的基体，用果糖作为主要营养物质，把培养出的灵芝菌丝增强玉米秸秆的纤维，制备出了一种菌丝增强符合材料，并通过热压成型等工艺将复合材料制成板材或薄如纸张的材料（如录取通知书内页等）[3]。

\n
\"\"
\n

这就是最近比较火的「菌菇纸」通知书的由来。这种纸本质上是一种菌丝增强复核材料，只不过它的原材料均为天然材质，且未经过传统造纸工艺，也未添加化学试剂，所以它绿色、环保、天然，理论上也可以吃。

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", - "content": "
\"头图\"/
\n

能。刚好一大学的录取通知书中有蘑菇纸，其关键——「菌丝体」就是一种复合材料支撑结构。

\n

什么是菌丝体？

\n
菌菇类的菌丝在基质中或培养基上蔓延伸展，反复分枝网状成菌丝群，通称菌丝体[1]。
\n
\"\"
一种菇类的菌丝体外观
\n
\"\"
菌丝体三维结构示意图
\n

这个菌丝体很有意思，在一定条件下可以利用其三维立体网状结构将植物纤维紧密粘黏在一起，构成一种天然的植物纤维符合材料。这种材料绿色、环保、可降解，可以应用在包装、服装、建筑材料等领域。

\n
\"\"
\n
\"\"
一种菌类的菌丝与纤维制成的复合材料应用构想
\n

这种菌丝体复合材料的概念是怎么来的呢？

\n

2007 年，大漂亮国的研究团队首先提出了一种菌丝体复合材料的概念：

\n
自然界中广泛存在的真菌能利用秸秆、木屑、稻壳等作为基质，形成血管状分枝的三维立体网络结构的菌丝体。这种网状菌丝体就像黏合剂一样，将不连续的植物纤维紧密结合在一起，形成一种天然的生物复合材料。这种菌丝体复合材料对环境友好、绿色，可再生，有着广泛的用途[2]。
\n

在国内，吉林农业大学的科研团队经过大量的试验，甄选出一种灵芝菌种作为培养菌丝的基体，用果糖作为主要营养物质，把培养出的灵芝菌丝增强玉米秸秆的纤维，制备出了一种菌丝增强符合材料，并通过热压成型等工艺将复合材料制成板材或薄如纸张的材料（如录取通知书内页等）[3]。

\n
\"\"
\n

这就是最近比较火的「菌菇纸」通知书的由来。这种纸本质上是一种菌丝增强复核材料，只不过它的原材料均为天然材质，且未经过传统造纸工艺，也未添加化学试剂，所以它绿色、环保、天然，理论上也可以吃。

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783385", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Thu, 21 Aug 2025 00:27:03 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "资讯", - "feed": "知乎", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "40f276790bd9e7f2713162d5c14af1db", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "为什么圣旨不值钱？", "description": "
\"头图\"/
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先说结论：题主对于“高价”的定义标准实在过于苛刻。首先要明确，在文物艺术品市场上书画、瓷器属于艺术品，而圣旨通常被归类为文献典籍。文献典籍的价格天然就要低于艺术品。其次确实有卖上千万的书画、瓷器，但它们在整个市场上也属于凤毛麟角，而且这些能卖上千万的书画、瓷器必然有其特别过人之处，尤其在稀有性以及艺术性的体现上。

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明 成化 斗彩鸡缸杯 HK 苏富比 2014 年春拍 2.8 亿释出 龙美术馆收藏

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晋 王羲之 草书《平安帖》中国嘉德 2010 年秋拍 3.08 亿释出 龙美术馆收藏

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宋 陈容 《六龙图》NY 佳士得 2017 年春拍约人民币 3 亿（4896.75 万美元）释出 龙美术馆收藏

\n

而存世能交易的圣旨，绝大多数的珍稀性就一般，更遑论其艺术性了，因此自然不会出现上千万成交价的圣旨。但坦率来说，我认为目前市场上类似下面这样的圣旨，其成交价格已经不算低了，至少绝对不是题主所谓的“不值钱”。

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清 乾隆庚辰（1760）圣旨诰命 LD 佳士得 2017 年 5 月 72.66 万释出

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明 万历八年（1580）圣旨诰命 上海博古斋 2016 年春拍 71.3 万释出

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以下对“圣旨”展开做些介绍与讨论，以便读者能更好地理解为什么圣旨在市场上只能卖这个价。

\n

圣旨是中国封建社会皇帝制、诏、诰、敕、谕、旨、批等命令的总称。现社会上流传的所谓“圣旨”，多为明清皇帝封赠官员及其先人、妻室的诰命与敕命。诰命 / 敕命是皇帝对臣僚或赐予官阶或封赠爵号并赋予一定特权的凭证文书，生者为封，死者为赠，按照授予对象不同的品级，以不同的材料进行缮写，即所谓“封赠制度”。

\n

由于目前市场上所能见到的诰命 / 敕命都属于明、清两代的制品，因此我也只对这一时期的“封赠制度”加以说明。

\n

通常来说，接受封赠的人员包括以下四类：一、宗室及外戚；二、文武官员；三、边疆少数民族领袖或宗教领袖；四、藩属国的宗室。但现实市场上，我们能遇到的圣旨基本都来自第二类人员，这就注定了其文献价值高度有限。

\n

文武官员接受封赠的条件，明代通常是三年考满合格，个别时期严格点可能还要求有相应的政绩。清代在基本沿袭明代惯例的基础上，还对有功绩的官员额外有封赠。而不同品级的官员接受封赠的次数还不相同，明清两代循例“一品封赠三代，二、三品封赠二代，四品至七品封赠一代，八、九品只封赠本人”。这也意味着伴随仕途的迁升，官员会不断被“封赠”，潜台词也就是存世诰命 / 敕命的数量不会太少，尤其是清代中晚期以后的此类制品。而数量多也意味着其稀缺性有限。

\n

我之前发了一条想法，里面便提到仅这个人的诰命，文保所就保存了一套共四件。

\n

崇祯诰命

\n

此外，明清两代的诰命形制虽然不同，但都遵循品级越高，材质越好这一规律。而市场上流通的圣旨基本都属于中低级官员，这也就意味着其材料本身就比较普通。加之存世绝大部分的圣旨都属于清代中晚期，国力的衰退更导致其制作上的粗疏，精美程度也随之大打折扣。

\n

对比下面两件清代不同时期的诰命，很容易就能区分出材质精美程度的不同。

\n
\"\"
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清 乾隆三十六年 圣旨诰命 北京保利 2013 春季拍卖会 55.2 万释出

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清 光绪二十五年圣旨诰命 上海博海 2013 秋季拍卖会 3.45 万释出

\n

最后提一点，诰命 / 敕命是属于个人色彩极其鲜明的文物，与之类似的还有被称为祖容像的画作。这种极具私密属性的文物，在中国人传统观念里，多少都带有忌讳的色彩，甚至会不可避免地与死亡相联系，故而其并不为绝大多数收藏者所喜好（圣旨相对祖容画还好一些），这自然也影响到了它们在市场的流通性与成交价格。

\n

比如下面这种画作，虽然画得很精彩；虽然外国人无所谓；虽然我本人是无神论者；虽然我本人是文博专业出身对之有相应的知识储备且专业从事中国书画交易二十余年，但让我掏钱，我肯定不会买！哪怕送我我都不要，而且会很严肃地告诉送礼者，你给我折现，哪怕打个折！

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祖容像

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查看知乎讨论
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", @@ -2958,28 +2892,6 @@ "hash": "774b8eba327eb5578a35bead1b94e3ac", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "历史上还有哪些称得上「魅魔」的人物？", - "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n

哦，那必然是

\n

康熙他八儿子·雍正他八弟·八阿哥·贤得是时候·廉亲王·胤禩。

\n

根据不完全统计，他前前后后魅惑过的人有：

\n

一、亲兄弟若干1.大阿哥胤褆

\n

大阿哥是个能从传教士骂到亲伯父的无敌超雄，脑子不好使但极其暴躁。

\n

——然而老八却能跟他关系还可以。

\n
允禔在诸兄弟中与允禩关系较好，或许因为允禩曾被交给允禔的生母惠妃抚养过一段时间，且是康熙诸子中少见的外表柔善、谦逊之人，肯于在允禔面前做小伏低，能够和刚猛傲慢的长兄和睦。
\n

大阿哥这个人，他：

\n

幻想跟传教士 SM，把传教士吓晕：

\n
杜德美神父与皇子在一起时，（大）皇子对他说：“把刘应神父叫来，用鞭子好好教训他一顿，然后把他流放到鞑靼荒野去，这主意不错吧？”
when Fr. Jartoux was with the Prince, the Prince said to him: “Wouldn’t it be a good idea to summon Fr. Visdelou here, punish him with a beating, and consign him to the wilds of Tartary?”
\n

跟着亲伯父上战场，把亲伯父气晕：

\n
允禔首次出战准噶尔，身份是副将军，当时的三军主帅是他的亲伯父裕亲王福全。……可惜，允禔此行，不但未见结交什么可靠之人为生死袍泽，反而和秉性忠厚老实的伯父闹了很大矛盾：
康熙二十九年七月出兵，不到一个月，就和裕亲王“不相和谐，妄生事端”，并且“私行陈奏”，就是背地里向父皇告伯父的黑状。幸而康熙帝行事公正，并不偏信儿子，得知情况后，不顾自己丢脸，将允禔强行撤回北京，事后又百般弥合，才避免伯侄二人的矛盾完全公开化。
\n

跟亲妈的关系，也有点微妙：

\n
康熙就曾评价大阿哥胤禔“气质暴戾”，而大阿哥的母亲惠妃也曾向康熙哭诉，奏其“不孝，请置之于法”。
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结果他被爸爸痛骂不能当太子后，小伙顶着这么多不爽，大喝一声：

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我当不了那就让老八当啊！

\n
一废太子之后，本来在诸皇子中处于有利地位的允禔，把自己的愚昧粗狂表现得淋漓尽致。这不能不让人想起满洲政权尚在关外时的那些场景：皇太极去世后，合法性最强的皇子豪格与实力最强的皇弟多尔衮争夺大位，多尔衮假意推托谦让，母弟多铎却看着着急，当众断喝：你不当我当！允禔这一手“我当不了让老八当”，和多铎真有异曲同工之粗豪，关外遗风毕见。
\n

2.七阿哥胤祐

\n

到了雍正初年，胤禩还能哄得他七哥帮他打报告哩。

\n

给雍正气完了，说：

\n

“现在廉亲王处处学我！但凡有什么事能占便宜、钻空子，他就必然唆使允祐、允禟、允禵提出来，从中捞取好处，自己则充好人！比如允祐[1]，他都是什么时候分府的老户了，还要照此找补，这是什么体统？”

\n
兹廉王凡事必仿于朕，以朕为齐，凡有便宜事或稍许疏漏之事，必唆使淳王、贝子允禟、允禵提出，以捞取之，伊自己权充好人。虽为清廉王[1]，但系何时分府的老户，亦要照此找补，成何体统？
\n

哦，八阿哥可太魅魔……哦不对，太坏了！

\n

3.九阿哥胤禟

\n

同生共死的阿其那与塞思黑，关系自不必说。

\n

在胤禟的管家秦道然眼里，八阿哥简直就像是当着管账正宫的面操控杀猪盘骗钱的绿茶捞男。

\n
再八爷说自己穷，要九爷吩咐满丕帮盘缠，满丕应了，送了一万两，这是八爷的巧取处。
允禩也晓得允禟是庸才，其所以与他厚结的缘故，不过为他肯替允禩使钱，要借他钱财，收拾些人心，允禩每访得九流术士中有些异样的，便令心腹人招至家中，藏之密室，到打发出去的时节，便叫允禟送他银子，或一百两或二百两不等。这种人也多得紧，我时常听见送银子到允禩家里去的人向我说，所以我得知道。至于给的是什么人，我实不曾知道。
\n

我老公的钱啊！怎么给了你这种人！

\n
\"\"
这都是我老公辛辛苦苦赚来的啊！！！
\n

到现在知乎里还有胤禟是不是被胤禩 PUA 了的问题。

\n

嗯，秦道然一定很想答。

\n

4.十阿哥胤䄉

\n

十阿哥的生母钮祜禄氏，是辅政大臣遏必隆之女、康熙帝继后孝昭仁皇后的亲妹妹。

\n

在康熙的众多皇子中，从生母地位上看，十阿哥仅次于太子，居于第二；

\n

而从外戚门第、势力上看，恐怕还要比太子更高一些。

\n

然而这样一个高贵的（？）阿哥，照样像个甜狗一样围着八哥转，被八哥蛊得晕头转向。

\n

还说什么：八阿哥，你是我们的主子，你可要多多照顾我们啊！

\n
我与塞思黑、允禵同向阿其那云：尔乃我等之主，后日须怜㸔我等。阿其那闭一目而笑。
\n

5.十四阿哥胤祯

\n

十四阿哥胤祯，跟雍正同个妈，是雍正铁打的同母亲弟弟。

\n

他从康熙四十七年开始，就像条甜狗一样跟着他八哥，观之十分震撼。

\n

在康熙锁拿允禩的时候，胤祯积极为胤禩辩护。

\n

老父亲气得要死，拔刀而出，差点将亲儿子当场手刃。

\n
康熙四十七年。九月。
壬寅。上召诸皇子入乾清宫。谕曰当废允礽之时。朕已有上□日诸阿哥中如有钻营谋为皇太子者即国之贼。法断不容。废皇太子后。允禔曾奏称允禩好。春秋之义人臣无将将则必诛。大宝岂人可妄行窥伺者耶。允禩柔奸性成、妄蓄大志朕素所深知。其党羽早相要结谋害允礽。今其事皆已败露。著将允禩锁拏交与议政处审理。皇九子允禟语皇十四子允禵云，尔我此时不言何待。允禵奏云：八阿哥无此心，臣等愿保之。上震怒。出所佩刀欲诛允禵。皇五子允祺跪抱劝止。诸皇子叩首恳求。上怒少解。命诸皇子挞允禵。将允禟、允禵逐出。　
\n

可怜的胤祯被兄弟们打了二十大板，被老爹轰出宫去，他依旧不改。

\n

甚至自负枷锁、身怀毒药，要是有什么不测，就要和八哥一块去死。

\n
被轰出宫去之后，允禵还不罢休，准备相约众皇子一起为允禩保奏。他还让人准备了一副枷锁，跟在被锁起来的允禩身后，以示共患难之意；甚至随身携带毒药，直到允禩被释放之日，才当众取出扔掉。
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康熙都服了，直接把他踢出宫去分府，本来皇子分配府邸会有的头一年支给食物待遇都不好。

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康熙朝惯例，阿哥分府的第一年由宫里支给食物，第二年开始靠自己。十四分府时父子关系紧张，待遇就不太好，后来出兵时关系逆转，颇受关爱，就主动要求支食物。
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他反倒自豪起来了，把自己拿命来保八阿哥这件事到处跟兄弟们说。

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胤禩也乐呵呵地答：多亏我的几个弟弟了。

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因有令阿其那相面之事，为圣祖皇帝治罪。时允禵将舍命完结之事，常常告诉臣等。阿其那亦曾告诉：当获罪时，因诸弟之帮助而受益。
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别的兄弟来看望他，要是刚刚好胤禩在，就看见他对胤禩处处照顾，让别人直呼恶俗。

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臣去允禵府第，遇有阿奇那在时，允禵对阿奇那照样行动照管者，迂俗可厌，连跟随阿奇那之太监皆格外照管。
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康熙不给他随驾，他死活偏要去，还三番两次奏请，就是要跟着去。

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康熙服了，说：看你这要死要活的劲，哪是想跟着我啊，你就是想跟着你八哥。

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皇考駕幸熱河，特㫖命允禩不論班行走，衆阿哥分為三班行走，而允禵乃抵死欲去，屢次奏請，奉皇考諭㫖：觀爾抵死欲去之意，豈欲隨朕，亦不過欲隨八阿哥去耳。後輪至第三班，特㫖令其停止，乃仍不肯遵，畢竟隨去。
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不得不说康熙说得太对了，胤祯就是想跟着他八哥。

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下次换成八阿哥在京城，他被爸爸带出去，他立刻就又不走了。

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\"\"
到底是想跟着谁呢好难看出来啊。（那种语气）
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及值允禩母妃事出，於康熈五十三年夏月，留允禩在京，命帶允禵前去，而伊又設法留京，彼時允禩理宜勸止允禵，乃竟不行勸止，一任允禵屢次觸忤皇考。
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康熙发难胤禩的时候，他跟胤禩说“我们要死就一起死”。

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圣祖皇帝幸冬狩时，执阿其那之侍卫太监，将阿其那遣返时，允禵曾告诉臣言，允禵至阿其那处言称：我等死则一起死。等语。
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康熙不给别人去见胤禩，他偷偷去不说，还要帮别人打招呼，别人说要是被康熙听见了对谁都不好啊，他嘿嘿一笑说：是啊！

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奉圣祖皇帝谕旨：阿其那惑乱众心，意行甚奸，著逐出不令再见之。钦此。其后，允禵隐瞒圣祖皇帝，仍潜往阿其那处不断。允禵曾传话称，见阿其那时，问臣好。等语。时臣言：虽有亲临问好之意，但圣祖皇帝闻之，对谁都不好。等语。时允禵微笑言：是。
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八阿哥给他写了封信，央求他用手底下某人，他立马就对此人另眼相看了。

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那木札尔称，安王给老爷送一信，云云。我当即拆开来信，内开，吾已央求八阿哥曰：吾门下副都统宗札布，现在军营，请转求十四阿哥，若能照顾，请多关照。八阿哥已央求十四阿哥。云云。自我收到此信之后，观察其情，允禵已另眼看待我。
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四哥的圣旨他不跪，八阿哥出来只说他该跪，他一句话没说，扑通一声跪下了。

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阿其那见众人共议允禵之非。乃向允禵云，汝应下跪。便寂然无声而跪。不遵皇上谕旨。止重阿其那一言。结党背君，公然无忌。
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不仅如此，他俩还直接结为契友了。

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谈论不惜自己互相照顾为大义时，阿其那此辈已互相结为契友。
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《雍正王朝》里他俩塑料得要命，回看历史雍正帝自己给胤祯列的所谓十四项大罪，前三条每条都是几个大字：

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你 和 胤 禩 太 近 了

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1. 允禵性质狂悖。与阿其那尤相亲密。圣祖仁皇帝于二阿哥之案。将阿其那拏问时。召入众阿哥。谕以阿其那谋夺东宫之罪。现交议政究审。允禵与塞思黑、同向圣祖仁皇帝之前。允禵奏云、阿其那并无此心。若将阿其那问罪。我等愿与同罪。圣祖仁皇帝震怒。拔佩刀欲杀允禵。经允祺力劝稍解。将允禵重加责惩。与塞思黑一并逐出。众所共知者一也。
2. 康熙四十八年夏、圣祖仁皇帝避暑口外。恐伊等聚党生事。止令阿其那跟随行走。允禵敝帽故衣。坐小车。装作贩卖之人。私送出口。日则潜踪而随。夜则至阿其那帐房歇宿。密语通霄。踪迹诡异。众所共知者一也。
3. 圣祖仁皇帝知允禵昏愚狂妄。必生事端。因遣往军前。使不得朋匪为恶。而允禵与阿其那、塞思黑、密信往来。曾无间断。机计莫测。众所共知者一也。
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6.其实还有一个兄弟也堕其术中

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但我要卖个关子，暂按不表。

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二、亲爹

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别看后面父子二人闹得那么僵，其实八儿子从小把亲爹蛊得不要不要的。

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在亲爹眼里，八阿哥从小开始，就对才艺展示颇有一些天赋。

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二十六年六月，康熙帝带领7 岁的允禩与其他几位较其稍长的皇子，来到皇太子允礽的书房，让他们分别在诸大臣前诵读经书。
允禩等人以次近前，各读数篇，童音朗朗，舒缓纯熟。康熙帝倍感欣慰，诸臣赞叹不已。
是年八月，允禩第一次随康熙帝巡幸塞外，在此次随扈皇子中年龄最小。
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他十二岁时，随着两位哥哥前往山东祭孔，这时又展现了相看马匹的天赋。

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康熙帝舍去较允禩年长的皇五子允祺和皇七子允祐，选派允禩随同两位皇兄前往，自有深意。允禩尚在少年，已具有骑术精湛，善于相马等特长。途中，凡由京城送至马匹，首先由允禩试骑，其后再定是否由允祉、胤禛等骑用。
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亲爹统兵亲征噶尔丹，八阿哥屁颠屁颠跟着出征。

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他们在鄂尔多斯围猎，因猎获野兔极多，康熙甚感惊奇，写信给皇太子，详细描述了打猎的情况。

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谕皇太子：十二日，驻跸宽托洛惠。本设双层围，兔雉丰盛，不可言状。朕四十多岁何处未行，未见如此兔丰。放围无分主仆，唯猎射，并无闲暇，朕殪一百三十八只，大阿哥殪五十九只，三阿哥殪五十五只，八阿哥殪五十只。裕亲王殪二十只，北围殪五只，为极少者。
……十三日驻跸。本两层围猎，雉少，兔与十二日同。自朕躬以下至猎人，前日殪兔力竭，手指皆肿而不能射，朕殪八十三只，大阿哥殪四十一只，三阿哥殪四十三只，八阿哥殪三十九只，打围人共殪一千四百四十二只。未计鄂尔多斯猎人所殪数额，……
十六日驻跸吉格苏泰。设双层围场，雉甚多，兔与前同。朕殪一百二十二只，大阿哥殪五十九只，三阿哥殪五十五只，八阿哥殪五十四只，裕亲王殪二十二只，围场之人殪一千二百十五只。未计蒙古人围猎之数。
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大阿哥、三阿哥都是骑射功夫极好的皇子。

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大阿哥才七岁，就能射中老虎。

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康熙十八年年底，玄烨在南苑行围，“纵虎出圈，命众驱逐，皇第五子保清（大阿哥乳名）亲射，中之”。保清即皇长子胤禔，当时也只有 7 周岁。这样年幼的孩子追射凶猛异常的老虎，尽管旁边有人保护，也要冒很大危险，足见玄烨在培养儿子方面，具有不同一般为父之人的胆魄。
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不同于刻板印象里的书呆子，三阿哥的骑射，甚至还要好过大阿哥。

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皇三子胤祉的弓箭和枪法，还要超过他的两位兄长，无论参加行围或较射，他往往是命中率最高的射手之一。据马国贤神甫回忆，玄烨晚年在热河时，喜欢在围猎之余，“观看他的满洲摔跤手们角斗，也常常命令他的孙子们及其他高级将领在他面前进行较射。有时，他甚至加入与他的第三个儿子(胤祉)比赛的行列，因为这个儿子的箭法几乎同他父亲一样好”。
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从胤禩所射兔的数量与大阿哥、三阿哥几乎相同可见，胤禩的骑射功夫也十分不错。

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而最使胤禩从诸位阿哥中脱颖而出，成为亲爹爱子的，则是他出类拔萃的管理能力。

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三十五年二月，康熙帝第一次亲征噶尔丹。15 岁的胤禩，在 6 位随征皇子中年龄最小。

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亲征期间，他跟随康熙帝身边，奉命管理火器营，并得到了父亲的“嘉美诗”。

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戎行亲莅制机宜，栉沐风霜总不辞，随侍晨昏依帐殿，焦劳情事尔应知。
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“你早晚都在我的营帐边随侍左右，

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我为国事的焦虑与辛劳，你应当最能理解呀。”

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是年九月份，康熙帝第二次亲征噶尔丹，从第一次随征的 6 位皇子中挑选 3 人带往。

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四阿哥、五阿哥、七阿哥落选，大阿哥、三阿哥和八阿哥再次随征。

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足以见得，胤禩的表现，给康熙留下了深刻印象。

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\"\"
我儿子真好。
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他受封贝勒，以及大阿哥、三阿哥受封郡王，都是因为三人在随驾亲征噶尔丹的表现，以及平时的印象，都非常不错。

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八阿哥受封贝勒的当年，经康熙帝指婚，娶安亲王岳乐的外孙女郭络罗氏为嫡福晋。

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郭络罗氏母家的背景，可谓非常深厚。她的外公安亲王岳乐，可谓是清朝顺治、康熙年间功勋卓著的名将。顺治帝一度想把皇位传给他，在平定三藩之乱的时候，他更是立下了汉马功劳。

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康熙择选具有如此母家背景之人为儿媳，惟有当他对该子印象甚佳时，方会为之。

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之后八阿哥惹爹生气，爹左忍右忍，终于忍不了了——

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于是把气全撒在了儿媳和她的舅舅们身上。

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允祀素受制于妻，其妻系安郡王岳乐之女所出，安郡王因谄媚辅政大臣，遂得亲王。其妃系索额图之妹，世祖皇帝时记名之女子。其子马尔浑、景熙、吴尔占等，俱系允祀妻之母舅，并不教训允祀之妻，任其嫉妒行恶，是以允祀迄今尚未生子。
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爹：都怪你们不管好我儿媳！

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八福晋：？

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\"\"
个死老头把我当你们 play 的一环是吧？
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从此以后的十年，胤禩一直受到父皇的宠爱和倚重。

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单单这十年里，他拉过的重要磨就有：

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1.管理广善库，所得成就获得裕亲王的赞赏。

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康熙帝曾让允禩管理广善库。允禩借此机会广结人缘，充分施展才干。康熙帝与其兄裕亲王福全自幼感情笃深，后者逝于四十二年六月。“裕亲王病时，曾以广善库为因，力荐允禩有才有德。”福全的看法对康熙帝会产生一定影响。
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2.他和三阿哥一块审理索额图。

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康熙四十二年，太子党的头号人物索额图被拘禁，康熙皇帝在巡行途中手书密旨，派人连夜交给三阿哥允祉和八阿哥允禩，命他们二人秘密审理索额图，并抓捕其同党。这一年允禩只有二十二岁，能够接受这样重大的政治任务，足见康熙帝对他的信任。
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一废太子的时候，胤禩更是风光无两。

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3.他先是和胤禛一起，被留在京城代理政事——名字居然还在他的四哥前面。

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这在严格遵循长幼尊卑的古代，是意义极其特殊的。

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4.在允礽的乳公凌普被从内务府总管一职撤下后，胤禩不但承担了内务府总管的职责，甚至还负责了查抄凌普。

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康熙四十七年一废太子时，康熙帝命允禩、胤禛二人留京办事，其中允禩署理内务府总管，名字也罕见地被列在了兄长胤禛之前。
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毙鹰事件大家应该都多少有所耳闻。

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八阿哥不听话，给亲爹气完了，大骂：他竟敢还上奏说自己冤枉，他冤枉在哪里？！！！

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伊摺内奏称冤抑。试问伊所谓冤抑者何在。
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但大家估计不太知道：

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康熙还写过一封给家人的信，信中为允禩呈献毙鹰一事开脱。。

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亲爹：我知道他冤枉在哪里。

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\"\"
姑息之爱大爆发 jpg
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三、妈妈们1.养母惠妃

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还是毙鹰事件，还是大家应该不太知道的是：

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毙鹰事件之后，惠妃为了八阿哥，甚至跟康熙大吵一架，吵到外省的督抚都有所耳闻，上奏询问。。

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比如他的养母惠妃，虽然别有亲子允禔，但显然对允禩的关爱更甚。允禔被囚禁时，惠妃“亦奏称其不孝，请置之于法”，无论是真心还是忍痛，毕竟做出了支持康熙帝决策的表态。到康熙五十三年，康熙帝因为“毙鹰事件”痛责允禩，父子之间几乎恩断义绝，而此时的惠妃，或为保护养子起见，与皇帝发生激烈争执，以致外省督抚都有所耳闻。
奴才服思，惠妃主子之事，圣主必是叹恨。然圣主已有年纪，若多烦闷，恐御体必受苦累。——云贵总督郭严奏折
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嗯，养母为了养子跟丈夫大吵一架的含金量……

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后来雍正继位，母妃都要出宫由儿子们赡养。惠妃乐呵呵地就跑到八阿哥家里住了。

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慧妃母妃、乃大阿哥之生母、允禩之慈母也。允禩少時、即為慧妃母妃所撫養。朕因大阿哥獲罪禁鋼。其諸子又少不知事。意欲奉養於允禩之邸。因遣人詢問慧妃母妃。慧妃母妃欣然允從。
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2.全体妈妈们

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在雍正看来，八阿哥甚至还把所有妈妈们都给蛊惑了！

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雍正想死都想不明白为啥自己登基三年母妃没一个来看自己，差人都没差过。

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想了想又把锅推给八阿哥。

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肯定是胤禩的问题！是胤禩让妈妈们都不来看我！

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都是魅魔的问题！

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彼时允祹、酌议诸位母妃移府之礼。允祹议奏内、有朕思念诸位母妃之时、即令入宫相见等语。朕以诸位母妃、岂有召入相见之礼。深责允祹之非。迄今三年以来、诸位母妃、未曾遣人至朕前一问起居。诸位母妃、深居府中、一切皆诸王主持。此必允禩从中阻挠。诸王亦遂观望不前耳。
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四、亲伯父&堂弟

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皇子们唯一的亲伯父，康熙唯一的哥哥，裕亲王福全，也深深受到他八侄子的蛊惑。

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前文提到，在这些侄子中，大阿哥和他这个亲伯父的关系尤为不好。太子胤礽与自己这位宽厚温和，谦虚自持的亲伯父，亦关系不佳。

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而本答中的大魅魔八阿哥，蛊得他力荐“有才有德”、“心性好，不务矜夸”。

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这一份支持，甚至还在一定程度上左右过康熙的决定。

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一废太子期间，玄烨谈到胤禩时说：“…… 乃若八阿哥之为人，诸臣奏称其贤，裕亲王存日亦曾奏言八阿哥心性好，不务矜夸。”有的学者指出，福全去世前，曾向玄烨揭发皇太子胤礽的种种劣迹，同时赞扬胤禩聪明能干，品行端正，建议玄烨立后者为储君。这次谈话后不久，胤礽的主要支持者索额图即被拘禁，看来玄烨已考虑皇兄的建言，认为胤禩 “是可以代替胤礽做皇太子的人选之一。”
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而他的儿子，继承了他的王爵的保泰，也从小与魅魔的关系最为亲昵友好。

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被康熙帝养在宫中、待如亲子的侄儿保泰就和八阿哥允禩关系最好。
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甚至到了雍正初年，保泰还在为了八阿哥和八阿哥的党羽跟雍正作对。

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雍正气完了，骂他小时候教保泰算术，保泰居然不感恩。

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况保泰幼年初在大内行走之时，皇考令朕教习经书算法，率领指示行走。保泰受朕思顾甚深。又伯母之事，伊全家俱赖朕成全。朕藩邸人皆知之也。朕于保泰，所施之恩，伊此生何可负哉？
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五、以妻族为首的一大堆宗室亲戚

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这帮宗室亲戚，对魅魔八阿哥堪称鞍前马后，死活都要跟着八阿哥。

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\"\"
我啊，现在只想做八王子的狗，做八王子的狗真的是太好了……
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近亲有之前提到的那堆兄弟、亲爹、亲妈养妈其他妈、亲伯父裕亲王福全、亲堂哥裕亲王保泰和堂侄子广宁外，还有亲伯叔恭亲王常宁的后代镇国公满都护；

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魅魔他老婆是安亲王岳乐的亲孙女，从小被外公接到家里养，几个舅舅把她宠上天了，魅魔也沾了喜气，蛊惑得这帮子舅舅乐颠颠地给他当枪使，把复立的太子拉下马。

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五十年八月，托合齐举办党派宴会。过后不久，八福晋的舅舅景熙便乘机上奏，轻飘飘地指控托合齐在“安郡王丧期一周年已过、 二周年未满”的时候，均与官员宴饮，未依例为安郡王服丧, 有悖属人礼制。
托合齐只是在除服后, 于二十七个月丧期内宴饮, 不算什么重罪，更何况康熙一向比较宽厚，这样的罪名不会让托合齐受什么大苦的；但查下去却发现，这次会饮所参加的人大有问题。
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远一点的宗亲，什么八大铁帽子王之一简亲王雅尔江阿和他儿子镇国公永谦、褚英后代贝子苏努与镇国公阿布兰、奉恩辅国公灏善的后代汝福与佛保、贝子鲁宾等等，

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数都数不完的宗亲，都变成了魅魔的狗，魅魔拿牵引绳牵都牵不过来。

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六、传教士

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作为康熙颇为宠信的一小支外国团体，传教士特别喜欢吃瓜，而且经常吃到大瓜。

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在他们口中，八阿哥的画风是这样的：

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正如我所说，皇长子最怕的就是第八子，人们普遍认为他是上天赐给政府的礼物。
As I said, more than any other of his brothers the Prince fearedthe eighth-born son, by common consent a young man who was Heaven's gift to government.
根据皇帝陛下的指令，他向老亲王历数长长一串他的先辈所犯的罪过，他责备老亲王这一支脉的世世代代始终都暗地里和当政的这一支脉作对。当念到老亲王本身的过错时，……详细列举了他当上了旗帅以后所犯的好几个错误，其中有当年已故皇帝废黜皇太子，征求大臣们意见，以图另改选一位亲王时，老亲王投了八阿哥① 的票。
① 即已故皇帝的第八子。所有的大臣们不管是满族还是汉族都赞同他当皇太子，所以，如果说这是一个错误的话，那大家都犯了同一错误。—— 原注
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传教士：根据我们所得信息判断，所有人都忍不住对上天赐给清朝的礼物犯错了。

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\"\"
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七、朝鲜人

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作为明朝的藩属国，朝鲜阴暗地认为清朝就是得位不正。

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于是，在几乎整个康朝，朝鲜都在积极发掘你清药丸的证据：

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康熙坏啊！太坏了！你清药丸！

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\"\"
康熙天天打猎瞎玩，荒淫无道，你清药丸！
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康熙性情暴躁，你清药丸！
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康熙居然节俭，不可能，肯定是抠门，你清药丸！
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天啊康熙只懂满文，你清药丸！
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什么康熙居然会汉文，你清药丸！
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天啊太子这个德行，你清药丸！
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当然，朝鲜人不傻，知道康熙比较好，只是不肯承认。

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\"\"
谁喜欢康熙我们孤立谁，因为你清药丸！
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直到雍正上位之后，他们对康熙的风评才好转回来：

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\"\"
康熙好啊，太好啊，好极了啊！
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在这种情况下，朝鲜人（在康熙本朝）对胤禩的态度居然是：

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\"\"
皇子们都望之没有人形，但其中皇八子好像好那么一点，也不是说就很好啦，就是好一点。嗯。
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朝鲜人：对不起，我们也对上天赐给清朝的礼物犯错了。

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\"\"
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八、大臣1.康熙朝的大臣

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大臣们被魅魔蛊惑得命都不要了，就跟着皇上对着干。

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康熙朝一废太子的时候，所有人不顾康熙暗示，就是要立八阿哥。

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这样的结果，对在位近五十年，自以为对朝廷局面如臂使指的康熙皇帝会产生怎样的打击，读者自可想见。自己培植、任用的满朝文武，居然为了一个年轻、没有功绩、母家卑微的允禩而揣着明白装糊涂，不惜悖逆自己的圣意，这是多么令人恐惧而且不可思议的事啊！
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康熙急眼了，放弃了所有繁文缛节，就要复立废太子。

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于是就连康熙朝的重臣、老臣，康熙帝的母舅、岳父，“佟半朝”佟国维都因为小小一只魅魔，公然跟康熙开干：

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你一直以来做得很好，但把储君的废立当儿戏，是不是有点离大谱了？咱能不能说话算话？

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皇上办事精明，天下人无不知晓，断无错误之处。此事于圣躬关系甚大，若日后皇上易于措处，祈速赐睿断，或日后难于措处，亦祈速赐睿断，总之将原定主意熟虑施行为善。
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-

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清代校勘学“创始的人”何焯，康熙朝的时候供职于武英殿修书，被康熙指派为八阿哥的伴读。

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何焯这个人刚正耿直，光明磊落，原则强烈，脾气很火爆，一连跟自己的两任老师闹得都很不愉快。

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然而，面对魅魔的攻势，何焯立马堕其术中了，连女儿都送给魅魔一家抚养。

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先生回南路上平安，何日到家？我家内外人等俱好，女先生亦好。先生女儿在此极好，更不必挂怀。
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-

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康熙宠臣李光地，到了康熙朝末期，还在那里：几个王子里面，八阿哥最贤能呀~

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大学士李光地告假回闽，今又奉特旨带病进京，闻系为立储之事诏彼密议，奴才闻知惊心，特于彼处相探，彼云“目下诸王，八王最贤”等语。
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-

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康熙宠臣明珠的儿子揆叙，学问甚好，谨慎敦厚，康熙看着就喜欢，天天念叨，不幸过世得早，于是念叨得更多了，送他谥号“文端”。

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（揆叙）议论识鉴词藻压倒诸人， 朕昔知为满洲第一，今日汉人中亦推第一矣。
掌院下世再欲得如此（揆叙）一人，良不易得。
毕，上又曰： “翰林院学士甚属紧要，自揆叙没后，朕再四思维，并不得称此职之人。必须学问优长，善于钤束，不畏人之人，方好。”
上又曰： “揆叙学问甚好，为人甚是谨慎敦厚，殊属可惜。朕因伊年少，并未当面嘉奖，不特朕惜之，即诸人无有不惜之者。”
大学士马齐奏曰：“揆叙年少老成，不但学问好，九卿及议政之事亦甚好。伊记性远胜臣等，不惟皇上深惜，举朝满汉大臣官员俱为惜之。一闻其没，俱往吊唁。”
内阁学士常鼐奏曰： “揆叙所学不但超出满洲之中，即汉人中亦少。”
上曰：“然。诚为可惜。”
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当然这样一位美好的小伙，他其实也被魅魔轻轻地蛊惑，跟康熙对着干。

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及二阿哥既废。揆叙与廷臣、暗通消息。各人手心俱写一八字。众所共知者一也。
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-

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康熙的宠臣阿灵阿，太师遏必隆第七子，孝昭仁皇后之弟，康熙喜欢极了，时不时送点什么，生病后派御医调治，还命公主做饭赏赐给他。

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阿灵阿去世后，康熙深为可惜，让好几个皇子都给他送灵。

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康熙年间倚重的重臣，“凡一切军机奏议无不恰合上心，一时大臣无有出其右者。圣祖仁皇帝恩遇甚隆，常赐上方动用之件及上亲乘名马。”康熙四十三年，赐御书“崇先裕后”匾额命皇十子胤䄉来悬。康熙五十五年三月，得疾，即遣御医调治，复赐御制药教以调养，康熙又亲占易卦甚吉，特谕晓之，后病稍愈。康熙驾至边外，病之好坏令每日奏闻，不时遣内侍看视。因服药无效，不思饮食，康熙命二公主（固伦荣宪公主）制饭赐之。围内所得狍鹿等鲜物赐之。时有西洋名医奉诏看视。至十月二十一日卒，享年四十七岁。康熙闻之，甚为悼惜，著左翼王贝勒吊唁，遣镶黄旗一旗大臣侍卫至奠茶酒，赐上驷马四匹，银两千两，令分属九佐领官兵俱穿孝服。皇太后（孝惠章皇后）遣首领赐茶饭，妃嫔皆遣首领赐茶奠酒至发引前一日遣首领送灵。发引之日，康熙命皇四子胤禛、皇五子胤祺、皇十子胤䄉，皇十七子胤礼以及镶黄一旗大臣侍卫护送，又命十七阿哥福晋亦送至墓所。追谥敏恪立碑墓上。
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虽然康熙那么宠爱他，但他也被魅魔蛊惑，犯了错。

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康熙五十三年冬、圣祖仁皇帝驻跸遥亭。……圣祖仁皇帝愤怒。严讯伊之护卫、及太监等。朋党奸谋。尽行显露。其太监冯进朝、供称鄂伦岱、阿灵阿、系伊逆党。
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不止他本人，他的儿子也子承父业，被魅魔蛊惑得颠三倒四，官都不做了也要跟皇帝对着干。

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况此奸党之风。如阿灵阿之子阿尔松阿、苏努之子勒什享等、皆继其父志、而奸恶过焉。似此毫无忌惮。父子相承。先后济恶。实为国家之大患。
阿尔松阿往天津料理监务时，甚属明白可嘉，以为可而用之，乃降旨之时，疑欲杀伊，抵死固辞。
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还有更多更多，数不胜数的康朝大臣们，全部都对魅魔八阿哥犯了错，没给爹留下啥人。

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对不起，皇上，你儿子真香。
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2.雍正朝大臣

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雍正朝的大臣更不得了了，别说基本操作之为了维护魅魔跟皇帝对着干了，魅魔都死了，他们心里还装着个魅魔，继续跟皇帝对着干。

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对不起，皇上，你弟弟真香。
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佟国纲的儿子鄂伦岱，仗着自己是皇亲国戚，天王老子来了也不服，上怼康熙雍正两任皇帝，下虐弟弟法海。

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他爸佟国纲[2]被这个儿子气疯了，上奏康熙，要求康熙把这个儿子杀了算数。

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然而，显赫的身份带给鄂伦岱却是刚愎自用，狂傲不羁的性格弱点，就连他的父亲佟国纲都不被他放在眼里。两人是关系极为不佳，经常性的争执，以至于佟国纲不惜上奏康熙“请诛其子”，弄得满堂皆知，佟家颜面无存。
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结果他爸康熙二十九年战死，马革裹尸，为了体恤他家，康熙还是把他爸的爵位承袭给了鄂伦岱。（笑死了）

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康熙二十九年（1690 年），佟国纲在“乌兰布通之战”中死战殉国，鄂伦岱却袭承了佟国纲的一等公的爵位，不知道此时的佟国纲如果泉下有知的话，会不会死不瞑目。
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他弟弟法海出身下贱，是佟国纲的侍婢所生。鄂伦岱十分看不起法海，百般虐待，甚至还不给法海的生母入祖坟。

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面对如此优秀的弟弟，鄂伦岱只是因为他的卑微的出身就对其母子颇为歧视，特别是在佟国纲去世后，鄂伦岱更加的肆无忌惮、任意虐待。甚至在法海的母亲去世后，鄂伦岱还不准其葬入佟家祖坟。这样就使得鄂伦岱与法海这对兄弟之间结下了深仇大恨，从此是老死不相往来。
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康熙拿他当侍卫，他把康熙当表哥。

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好消息：他俩确实是亲戚。

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坏消息：鄂伦岱连他爸都不吊，那么他对表哥的看法是_______？

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答：照样不吊，请安都不请，就在旁边跟别的侍卫射箭玩儿，气得康熙骂他：小兔崽子你是真找死啊？

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\"\"
信不信我今个代替你爸教训你？
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鄂伦岱选择——？

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答：鄂伦岱选择了无视。

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及在热河皇考圣体违和之时，并未请安一次，其意颇以为快，在热河宫门前每日较射欢笑。其后皇考于行围地方向鄂伦岱云：尔甚无恩情，尔所作之罪不可胜数，实为可杀之人。伊承旨之下毫无畏惧，倨傲如故，亲随侍卫等不胜愤恨，人人髪指，因此皇考愤懑终日。
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康熙气完了，一条条数他的罪过，叫人拿鞭子抽他。

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在热河时，皇考圣体甚是违和，大臣侍卫等俱请安求瞻仰圣颜。惟鄂伦岱并不请安，且率同乾清门侍卫等，每日较射游戏。鄂伦岱罪恶多端，皇考行围哨鹿时悉数其罪，令侍卫五哥鞭责之。
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到了雍正朝，面对表哥的儿子，鄂伦岱选择——

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答：照样吊也不吊。

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雍正对佟佳氏加恩，他不奏谢。

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伊之父祖朕俱厚加恩典，冀其悛改过恶，为朕出力。而鄂伦岱结党之心坚如金石，并无感激报效之念。以为朕之加恩于其父祖皆因隆科多之力所致，与己无涉，在朕前并无一语奏谢。
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雍正整顿吏治，清除异己，搞得差不多了，群臣都在下面陪笑脸，就只有他一个人低头冷笑。

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朕每召诸王大臣等颁发谕旨，鄂伦岱从未有一次点首心服。前召旗下大臣面谕云，近日是臣等办事将从前积习已改十之七八，若再整顿一二年便可全改。朕尝虑向来恶习恐非诛戮一二人不能挽回，今看来可不用诛戮矣，为此朕心甚喜，诸臣无不点首喜动颜色，惟鄂伦岱略无喜容，俯首冷笑。彼时朕即欲降旨诘责，已而中止。
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雍正问他手下有个人做事如何，他压根不认识这个人就说这人平常。

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雍正骂他：你胡说。

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他直接说：我就是胡说啊。给雍正气晕了。

\n
昨因办理旗下之事，在众人前将一原当侍卫之人问鄂伦岱：此人何如？鄂伦岱并未认识妄奏云：此人平常。朕责以尔在皇考时身为大臣存心狡狯，只知顾惜身家，不肯实心出力，苟且欺罔，朕所稔知，此等处朕屡经开谕，毫不悛改。今日在众人前又如此诳奏，是诚何意？鄂伦岱奏云：我信口回奏。含忿摇头，故激朕怒。
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他甚至在乾清门院子里掀开衣服就尿，把雍正气死了。

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又一年元旦清晨，在乾清门院内掀衣而溺，朕见之骇异，知其行同畜类。
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雍正顾忌他是太后、太皇太后两任国舅爷的后人，搞了容易被骂不孝，不然早掐死他了。

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就这样一个人，一个拽哥，一个天底下头等无君无父的法外狂徒，

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他面对魅魔展现出了如何的定力呢？

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答：无定力，已狠狠堕其术中。

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就是这个八阿哥爽！
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康熙被八儿子送的老鹰气完了，审问八儿子的下属，问谁是魅魔的党羽，下属当场指认了鄂伦岱。

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他没话说了还要硬说，跪在旁边，也不管自己能不能回话，直接丢给人家一个问句：你说我与你主子一党，你主子与过我何物？

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圣怒当日因允禩得罪在要亭地方，将伊门下太监审讯。太监云：阿灵阿、鄂伦岱乃我主子之党，问他二人便知。彼时阿灵阿、鄂伦岱在傍，俱无言可辩，顔色改变良久，但称：我既系你主子之党，平日曽送过何物？你主子曽赏过我何物？
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回头康熙越想越气[3]，回宫的时候沿途一直在骂鄂伦岱，走了三十里就骂了三十里，一直没消气。

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鄂伦岱叼都不叼。

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当时还只是雍亲王的雍正：……？

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这，这对吗……？
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次年春，皇考从霸州回銮，自行宫起身至南红门，言及鄂伦岱等结党之事，皇考震怒，沿途切责鄂伦岱，行至三十里而圣怒未解。鄂伦岱悍然不知畏惧，亦无一毫爱君之心，朕在旁悚惕不安之甚，
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雍正忍不住了，要拉人劝劝康熙，结果康熙从旁边出来，鄂伦岱甚至变本加厉，以至于康熙看到他的脸就开喷。

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得亏是劝住了，不然又有好戏看呢。（不是

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及圣驾出，而鄂伦岱仍悍然向前迎立以触圣怒，致皇考复严加切责，娄徵额进前奏劝，朕遂泣奏云：皇父圣体初愈，此等悖逆之人何足屡烦圣怒，乱臣贼子自有国法，若交与臣便可即行诛戮。因朕恳奏再三，皇考之怒方解。
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到了雍正朝，鄂伦岱还是横着走，对魅魔的宠爱（？）也变本加厉，倾身回护，代替魅魔上奏。

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之前子承父业，同堕八阿哥术中的阿尔松阿也来帮腔，两人就这样一起违抗皇帝。

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于是鄂伦岱甚至抗衡圣旨，将雍正给的圣旨丢在地板上，将死罪揽在己身，悍傲已极。

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朕即位以来效法皇考，仍不念其罪恶，施恩保全。乃伊每事扰乱，倾身回护阿其那，因阿其那佐领一事，在外于众人前一番议论，在内代伊启奏，显露悖逆之状，将朕所交硃批谕旨掷于乾清门地上，在朕前举止抗横，为人臣者当如是乎？
朕有硃批谕旨降与阿尔松阿者，令鄂伦岱转交，乃鄂伦岱于乾清门众人前将朕旨掷之于地，且极力党护阿尔松阿，将其死罪承认在身，愍不畏死，顽悍已极。
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雍正破大防。

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鄂伦岱：可魅魔就是魅魔啊，你算鸡毛。（抠鼻

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-

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额尔金是十阿哥的长史，也在魅魔主管的上驷院工作。

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仗着自己是魅魔的人，对皇帝就开始傲慢无礼啊！太坏了！

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额尔金在上驷院行走时，依附允禩，为其党与。所以敢在朕前傲慢者，恃有此耳。伊实为允禩党内凶悍之人，愈见皇考知人之明，昭昭不爽。朕之复用额尔金，甚属错误。
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-

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有个武会元叫金昆，雍正想要用他，把他安排到魅魔主管的工部下。

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没想到魅魔看见金昆这孔武有力的肌肉，啊不对，发达的大脑，馋了。

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金昆看见魅魔，那更是走不动路了，魂都被勾走了，硬是把魅魔当成知己，给雍正气死了。

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上諭：工部主事金昆昔年曾在府中绘画行走，朕因其从武会元出身，识得数字，故令改授文职。伊籤掣工部主事，自到工部诸事把持招摇放纵，廉亲王居心巧诈，事事任用，凡有差使俱将金昆派出，搪塞其意，以为金昆有过，天下必加朕以私用匪人之名也。金昆亦倚廉亲王为知已，肆行无忌，大负朕恩。着将金昆革职，令在内庭禁锢行走效力。如不能改过自新或又多事，必从重治罪。
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-

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当然，金昆不只是个例。

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事实上，八阿哥管理下的全体上驷院和工部全体官员，全部都被魅魔上司蛊得神魂颠倒，任由魅魔摆布。

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尔工部官员等，受皇考数十年教养之恩，当念君臣大义，为朕竭力尽心以图报称，勿因允禩之甘言诡计为其所惑。允禩故为小心谨畏，于属员则作噢咻体恤之状，……
允禩居心行事如此。尔诸大臣、定已尽知。惟是工部上驷院两衙门官员人等、恐不知廉亲王之居心奸诈。一堕其术中。便为所累。朕岂忍两衙门之臣下、为伊所愚弄乎。用是再加晓谕。非令尔等、每事与伊抗拒。但令尔等、于办事效力之处、一归于正、勿被伊引诱惑乱而已。
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虽然雍正觉得大家应该都已经认出了魅魔的真面目，但大臣们还是纷纷堕其术中，同情魅魔，心甘情愿跟着魅魔受罚。

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乃在廷诸臣，为廉亲王所愚，反以朕为过于苛刻，为伊抱屈。即朕屡降谕旨之时，观众人神色，未尝尽以廉亲王为非。惟舅舅隆科多、大将军年羹尧、大学士王顼龄、侍郎沈近思，曾在朕前陈奏：一年以来，大小臣工因廉亲王贻累者甚多，乃甘心忍受，并不归怨廉亲王。而廉亲王恬然自安，全不知愧，又不念及国法，全无恐惧。此党援之终不能解散者也。
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不仅如此，这些官员还纷纷觉得皇帝真是太坏了，居然加害魅魔。

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尔工部官员等，受皇考数十年教养之恩，当念君臣大义，为朕竭力尽心以图报称，勿因允禩之甘言诡计为其所惑。允禩故为小心谨畏，于属员则作噢咻体恤之状，其心实欲败坏事务，且知朕必能察出，将众人治罪，以彰朕之苛刻，俾众人感伊而归怨于朕，其居心大抵如此。
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大臣们：对不起皇上，你弟弟真好！没忍住，犯错了！

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就是这个魅魔爽！
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-

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就连年羹尧跟雍正上奏时都说：嗯，廉亲王的风味确实好点。

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其允禟语无伦次，心地浅诈，竭力做哭介而无眼泪，故为亲热煦煦孑孑之状，盖有意学廉亲王而细致则远不及也。
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九阿哥：（装哭）（亲热）（演技大爆发）

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年羹尧：（眼前看着九阿哥）（脑子已经飘到千里之外的京城想起可爱的廉亲王)

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年羹尧：并没有说我已经堕其术中，但魅魔确实挺可爱的。嗯。

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-

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魅魔的功力深厚，哪怕在物质上已经离去，精神上还存在于人们心中。

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具体体现为死了还能结党，可能目的是吸活人精气。

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这些人的名字，包括但不限于：鲁尔金、乌尔陈、苏尔金、库尔陈，法海、佛保、达尔当阿、托什、查弼纳，萧永藻、诺岷、高成龄、董永芠、四格、李凤翥、锡保，每个名字拿出来都是响当当的倒霉，哦不对，不能在魅魔面前卓然自立的愚蠢呀！

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甚至酒老师@不沾一滴酒 扒出来，都雍正十二年了，魅魔都去世八年了，大义觉迷录也被强制宣传好几年了，在雍正提拔的官员私下八卦里，邪恶的魅魔阿其那竟然还是【圣祖的八阿哥】【圣祖密旨说他确实好】

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太恐怖了，简直是脑控啊！怪不得说被魅魔骗一次终身受骗！
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雍正都崩溃了，说自己就没见过不会被魅魔蛊惑的汉子。

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尔若不为塞思黑之奸恶所欺骗，能坚持初到大同之心，则将为朕多加夸奖，可惜已枉然了，然而朕将宽恕之。若与阿其那、塞思黑在一处两个月，不为伊等奸计所动之汉子，不被欺骗之聪慧之人亦少矣。
朱批：此不过楚仲防汝之论耳，已被塞思黑之愚矣，与阿其那、塞思黑对面数日，有能不被二人之奸诈所愚者，朕未见也。
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九、全体清朝民众

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皇帝忍无可忍，把魅魔圈禁起来，免得魅魔又去勾引他人。

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结果民间居然传出谣言，说“八佛被囚，军民怨新主”，魅魔不知道为何被人当成了佛。

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皇帝崩溃了，怒发一万条反问：他哪里佛了？佛在哪里？where is 佛？

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阿其那等心怀奸恶，扰乱国政，煽惑人心，邀买美名，结交匪类，徧处称扬伊善，不过欺人而已，岂能欺上天皇考乎？阿其那等承欢皇考者何处？效力者何处？有裨国家者何处？利济军民者何处？施恩臣工者何处？有益兄弟者何处？且当皇考圣明在御之时，阿其那为皇子，何得交结外人，不曾与政事，有何善足称，遂至人目之为佛者，何故耶？
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清朝民众：对不起皇上，我们也已经堕其术中了。

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十、其实皇帝也被魅魔蛊惑了。

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那到底为什么会达成这个效果呢？

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因为皇帝本人也（曾）堕其术中，甚至房子都在魅魔的隔壁。

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历史上胤禛和胤禩的关系到底怎么样？

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把皇上四哥也算进去，那么单单前十二个序齿 + 未早夭的兄弟，被魅魔蛊惑到的就足足有六个了，占一半。（嗯。

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但皇帝精通觉迷技巧，凭借自己坚定的意志力爬了出来。

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哦！伟大的雍正帝！

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于是雍正帝汲取自身教训，号召大家一定要远离魅魔。结果一扭头，大家还是在堕其术中！

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哦，可怜的雍正帝！

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可惜的是哥们早年堕其术中的痕迹太多，骂个魅魔都要先把自己的存在从魅魔身边摘出去才能骂。

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甚至偶尔还不小心觉迷失败，吐露一些堕其术中的发言。

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年羹尧：并没有说我已经堕其术中，但魅魔确实挺可爱的。嗯。

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雍正：就是说！其他人真是丑妇效颦，万不及一！

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其允禟语无伦次，心地（朱批：秉性）浅诈，竭力做哭（朱批，虽诈，这还好）介而无眼泪，故为亲热煦煦孑孑之状，盖有意学廉亲王而（朱批：丑妇效颦，万不及一！）细致则远不及也。
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嗯，你让雍正承认魅魔貌比西施他是不会承认的，但要是别人试着学魅魔哭，雍正就会骂别人丑妇效颦了。

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\"\"
中国人啊，如果只是想开天窗是得说要砸墙的 jpg
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好在他儿子乾隆帮他擦了屁股，编的《实录》里基本把雍正口不择言骂魅魔的痕迹全删掉了。

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十一、但另一个儿子就没那么省心了。

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三阿哥·又长高了·大清巨人·弘时，他命中注定的瑛贵人不在后宫。

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在真实历史中，他命中注定的瑛贵人在前朝，正是他的魅魔八叔。

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魅魔：三阿哥你要做什么？我是你的八叔！

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三阿哥：我就那么比不上皇阿玛吗？我心里有你，皇阿玛他老了！

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魅魔还没来得及答应（？）就被他爸圈起来了。（大悲）

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他爸雍正折腾八叔，给他折腾急眼了，跟他爸水灵灵地对着干，给爹气完了。

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早在雍正三年三月，雍正在给诸王的谕旨中就提出：“今尔诸宗室闻朕谕旨，心中以为是者有之，以为不是者亦有之，朕岂能必宗室皆以此旨为是而遵行乎，即朕之子亦不能保其必行。”雍正说，他所下达的谕旨，即使在皇家、皇族的宗室中，有人以为对，也有人以为不对而不执行。即使是自己的儿子，也不能保证其一定会执行。这个“朕之子”当然就是指弘时，说明弘时对其父的政策、行为，多有分歧乃至违抗，已确是事实。
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雍正：我给你高出亲王的待遇，你这小兔崽子胳膊肘还往外拐？！

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三阿哥：可是八叔就是魅……哦不是，八叔可是八叔啊！

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雍正：你既然要为你八叔求情，就去做他的儿子好了。

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我恨极了你们这帮被魅魔蛊惑的蠢货。
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尔等前为弘时请旨，时朕欲颁谕旨。朕禾念知弘时，断不可留内，故特颁旨诸王、大臣断决，以与允禩为子。今已将允禩治罪，掣回带子，从玉牒除名。将弘时既与伊为子，不能不掣回弘时之带子，著將弘时带子掣回。（此为朕深思依理所办之事，)尔等勿得屡加(妄)奏。{治一小人罪时，朕亦慎重，惟恐受冤枉,岂有将弘时强行治罪之理？}(要治允禩逐出宗室之罪，确实意外，此亦弘时之命。但弘时虽系允禩之子，若不交给他入管束，任其安行，亦有关系脸面之处。{将弘时}(其名亦令更改，将此)交付允裪，虽非叔子，仍准管养之。钦此。
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于是儿子乾隆上台后又开始给爹擦屁股。

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又谕、从前三阿哥、年少无知。性情放纵。行事不谨。皇考特加严惩。以教导朕兄弟等。使知儆戒。今三阿哥已故多年。朕念兄弟之谊。似应仍收入谱牒之内。
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大家：对啊，只是和魅魔在一起又有什么错呢。

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奏為查三阿哥從前原因阿其那獲罪株連，與本身獲罪撤去黃帶者不同。今已故多年，蒙皇上篤念兄弟之誼，仍收入譜牒，于情理允宜，應欽遵諭旨，將三阿哥仍載入玉牒。俟命下之日交與宗人府辦理。
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乾隆：其实我爸根本不想把魅魔逐出宗籍，他晚年提到这事就不开心，想后悔啊。

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乾隆：这样吧我们把八叔收回玉牒吧。

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圣心如日在天，固众所共仰也。迨皇考晚年，屡向朕谕及此事，辄愀然不乐，意颇悔之，若将留以有待者。朕即位之初，深有念于孔子三年无改之言，未敢遽易成案。今临御四十三年矣。……此事重大，朕若不言，后世子孙亦无敢言者。所有允祀、允禟二人，自不合还其原爵，仍当复其原名，收入玉牒，两人子孙亦当一并叙入。
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雍正：你个小兔崽子我 adlhaofaj**^KJYK7

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我当年哪里后悔了？！
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乾隆：对不起爸爸，可是我真的很怀念八叔。

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天啊，魅魔太可怕了，把皇帝逼成这样啊。太可怜了雍正。

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查看知乎讨论
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\"头图\"/
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哦，那必然是

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康熙他八儿子·雍正他八弟·八阿哥·贤得是时候·廉亲王·胤禩。

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根据不完全统计，他前前后后魅惑过的人有：

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一、亲兄弟若干1.大阿哥胤褆

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大阿哥是个能从传教士骂到亲伯父的无敌超雄，脑子不好使但极其暴躁。

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——然而老八却能跟他关系还可以。

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允禔在诸兄弟中与允禩关系较好，或许因为允禩曾被交给允禔的生母惠妃抚养过一段时间，且是康熙诸子中少见的外表柔善、谦逊之人，肯于在允禔面前做小伏低，能够和刚猛傲慢的长兄和睦。
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大阿哥这个人，他：

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幻想跟传教士 SM，把传教士吓晕：

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杜德美神父与皇子在一起时，（大）皇子对他说：“把刘应神父叫来，用鞭子好好教训他一顿，然后把他流放到鞑靼荒野去，这主意不错吧？”
when Fr. Jartoux was with the Prince, the Prince said to him: “Wouldn’t it be a good idea to summon Fr. Visdelou here, punish him with a beating, and consign him to the wilds of Tartary?”
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跟着亲伯父上战场，把亲伯父气晕：

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允禔首次出战准噶尔，身份是副将军，当时的三军主帅是他的亲伯父裕亲王福全。……可惜，允禔此行，不但未见结交什么可靠之人为生死袍泽，反而和秉性忠厚老实的伯父闹了很大矛盾：
康熙二十九年七月出兵，不到一个月，就和裕亲王“不相和谐，妄生事端”，并且“私行陈奏”，就是背地里向父皇告伯父的黑状。幸而康熙帝行事公正，并不偏信儿子，得知情况后，不顾自己丢脸，将允禔强行撤回北京，事后又百般弥合，才避免伯侄二人的矛盾完全公开化。
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跟亲妈的关系，也有点微妙：

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康熙就曾评价大阿哥胤禔“气质暴戾”，而大阿哥的母亲惠妃也曾向康熙哭诉，奏其“不孝，请置之于法”。
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结果他被爸爸痛骂不能当太子后，小伙顶着这么多不爽，大喝一声：

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我当不了那就让老八当啊！

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一废太子之后，本来在诸皇子中处于有利地位的允禔，把自己的愚昧粗狂表现得淋漓尽致。这不能不让人想起满洲政权尚在关外时的那些场景：皇太极去世后，合法性最强的皇子豪格与实力最强的皇弟多尔衮争夺大位，多尔衮假意推托谦让，母弟多铎却看着着急，当众断喝：你不当我当！允禔这一手“我当不了让老八当”，和多铎真有异曲同工之粗豪，关外遗风毕见。
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2.七阿哥胤祐

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到了雍正初年，胤禩还能哄得他七哥帮他打报告哩。

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给雍正气完了，说：

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“现在廉亲王处处学我！但凡有什么事能占便宜、钻空子，他就必然唆使允祐、允禟、允禵提出来，从中捞取好处，自己则充好人！比如允祐[1]，他都是什么时候分府的老户了，还要照此找补，这是什么体统？”

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兹廉王凡事必仿于朕，以朕为齐，凡有便宜事或稍许疏漏之事，必唆使淳王、贝子允禟、允禵提出，以捞取之，伊自己权充好人。虽为清廉王[1]，但系何时分府的老户，亦要照此找补，成何体统？
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哦，八阿哥可太魅魔……哦不对，太坏了！

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3.九阿哥胤禟

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同生共死的阿其那与塞思黑，关系自不必说。

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在胤禟的管家秦道然眼里，八阿哥简直就像是当着管账正宫的面操控杀猪盘骗钱的绿茶捞男。

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再八爷说自己穷，要九爷吩咐满丕帮盘缠，满丕应了，送了一万两，这是八爷的巧取处。
允禩也晓得允禟是庸才，其所以与他厚结的缘故，不过为他肯替允禩使钱，要借他钱财，收拾些人心，允禩每访得九流术士中有些异样的，便令心腹人招至家中，藏之密室，到打发出去的时节，便叫允禟送他银子，或一百两或二百两不等。这种人也多得紧，我时常听见送银子到允禩家里去的人向我说，所以我得知道。至于给的是什么人，我实不曾知道。
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我老公的钱啊！怎么给了你这种人！

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\"\"
这都是我老公辛辛苦苦赚来的啊！！！
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到现在知乎里还有胤禟是不是被胤禩 PUA 了的问题。

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嗯，秦道然一定很想答。

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4.十阿哥胤䄉

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十阿哥的生母钮祜禄氏，是辅政大臣遏必隆之女、康熙帝继后孝昭仁皇后的亲妹妹。

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在康熙的众多皇子中，从生母地位上看，十阿哥仅次于太子，居于第二；

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而从外戚门第、势力上看，恐怕还要比太子更高一些。

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然而这样一个高贵的（？）阿哥，照样像个甜狗一样围着八哥转，被八哥蛊得晕头转向。

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还说什么：八阿哥，你是我们的主子，你可要多多照顾我们啊！

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我与塞思黑、允禵同向阿其那云：尔乃我等之主，后日须怜㸔我等。阿其那闭一目而笑。
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5.十四阿哥胤祯

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十四阿哥胤祯，跟雍正同个妈，是雍正铁打的同母亲弟弟。

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他从康熙四十七年开始，就像条甜狗一样跟着他八哥，观之十分震撼。

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在康熙锁拿允禩的时候，胤祯积极为胤禩辩护。

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老父亲气得要死，拔刀而出，差点将亲儿子当场手刃。

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康熙四十七年。九月。
壬寅。上召诸皇子入乾清宫。谕曰当废允礽之时。朕已有上□日诸阿哥中如有钻营谋为皇太子者即国之贼。法断不容。废皇太子后。允禔曾奏称允禩好。春秋之义人臣无将将则必诛。大宝岂人可妄行窥伺者耶。允禩柔奸性成、妄蓄大志朕素所深知。其党羽早相要结谋害允礽。今其事皆已败露。著将允禩锁拏交与议政处审理。皇九子允禟语皇十四子允禵云，尔我此时不言何待。允禵奏云：八阿哥无此心，臣等愿保之。上震怒。出所佩刀欲诛允禵。皇五子允祺跪抱劝止。诸皇子叩首恳求。上怒少解。命诸皇子挞允禵。将允禟、允禵逐出。　
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可怜的胤祯被兄弟们打了二十大板，被老爹轰出宫去，他依旧不改。

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甚至自负枷锁、身怀毒药，要是有什么不测，就要和八哥一块去死。

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被轰出宫去之后，允禵还不罢休，准备相约众皇子一起为允禩保奏。他还让人准备了一副枷锁，跟在被锁起来的允禩身后，以示共患难之意；甚至随身携带毒药，直到允禩被释放之日，才当众取出扔掉。
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康熙都服了，直接把他踢出宫去分府，本来皇子分配府邸会有的头一年支给食物待遇都不好。

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康熙朝惯例，阿哥分府的第一年由宫里支给食物，第二年开始靠自己。十四分府时父子关系紧张，待遇就不太好，后来出兵时关系逆转，颇受关爱，就主动要求支食物。
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他反倒自豪起来了，把自己拿命来保八阿哥这件事到处跟兄弟们说。

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胤禩也乐呵呵地答：多亏我的几个弟弟了。

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因有令阿其那相面之事，为圣祖皇帝治罪。时允禵将舍命完结之事，常常告诉臣等。阿其那亦曾告诉：当获罪时，因诸弟之帮助而受益。
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别的兄弟来看望他，要是刚刚好胤禩在，就看见他对胤禩处处照顾，让别人直呼恶俗。

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臣去允禵府第，遇有阿奇那在时，允禵对阿奇那照样行动照管者，迂俗可厌，连跟随阿奇那之太监皆格外照管。
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康熙不给他随驾，他死活偏要去，还三番两次奏请，就是要跟着去。

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康熙服了，说：看你这要死要活的劲，哪是想跟着我啊，你就是想跟着你八哥。

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皇考駕幸熱河，特㫖命允禩不論班行走，衆阿哥分為三班行走，而允禵乃抵死欲去，屢次奏請，奉皇考諭㫖：觀爾抵死欲去之意，豈欲隨朕，亦不過欲隨八阿哥去耳。後輪至第三班，特㫖令其停止，乃仍不肯遵，畢竟隨去。
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不得不说康熙说得太对了，胤祯就是想跟着他八哥。

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下次换成八阿哥在京城，他被爸爸带出去，他立刻就又不走了。

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\"\"
到底是想跟着谁呢好难看出来啊。（那种语气）
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及值允禩母妃事出，於康熈五十三年夏月，留允禩在京，命帶允禵前去，而伊又設法留京，彼時允禩理宜勸止允禵，乃竟不行勸止，一任允禵屢次觸忤皇考。
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康熙发难胤禩的时候，他跟胤禩说“我们要死就一起死”。

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圣祖皇帝幸冬狩时，执阿其那之侍卫太监，将阿其那遣返时，允禵曾告诉臣言，允禵至阿其那处言称：我等死则一起死。等语。
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康熙不给别人去见胤禩，他偷偷去不说，还要帮别人打招呼，别人说要是被康熙听见了对谁都不好啊，他嘿嘿一笑说：是啊！

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奉圣祖皇帝谕旨：阿其那惑乱众心，意行甚奸，著逐出不令再见之。钦此。其后，允禵隐瞒圣祖皇帝，仍潜往阿其那处不断。允禵曾传话称，见阿其那时，问臣好。等语。时臣言：虽有亲临问好之意，但圣祖皇帝闻之，对谁都不好。等语。时允禵微笑言：是。
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八阿哥给他写了封信，央求他用手底下某人，他立马就对此人另眼相看了。

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那木札尔称，安王给老爷送一信，云云。我当即拆开来信，内开，吾已央求八阿哥曰：吾门下副都统宗札布，现在军营，请转求十四阿哥，若能照顾，请多关照。八阿哥已央求十四阿哥。云云。自我收到此信之后，观察其情，允禵已另眼看待我。
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四哥的圣旨他不跪，八阿哥出来只说他该跪，他一句话没说，扑通一声跪下了。

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阿其那见众人共议允禵之非。乃向允禵云，汝应下跪。便寂然无声而跪。不遵皇上谕旨。止重阿其那一言。结党背君，公然无忌。
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不仅如此，他俩还直接结为契友了。

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谈论不惜自己互相照顾为大义时，阿其那此辈已互相结为契友。
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《雍正王朝》里他俩塑料得要命，回看历史雍正帝自己给胤祯列的所谓十四项大罪，前三条每条都是几个大字：

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你 和 胤 禩 太 近 了

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1. 允禵性质狂悖。与阿其那尤相亲密。圣祖仁皇帝于二阿哥之案。将阿其那拏问时。召入众阿哥。谕以阿其那谋夺东宫之罪。现交议政究审。允禵与塞思黑、同向圣祖仁皇帝之前。允禵奏云、阿其那并无此心。若将阿其那问罪。我等愿与同罪。圣祖仁皇帝震怒。拔佩刀欲杀允禵。经允祺力劝稍解。将允禵重加责惩。与塞思黑一并逐出。众所共知者一也。
2. 康熙四十八年夏、圣祖仁皇帝避暑口外。恐伊等聚党生事。止令阿其那跟随行走。允禵敝帽故衣。坐小车。装作贩卖之人。私送出口。日则潜踪而随。夜则至阿其那帐房歇宿。密语通霄。踪迹诡异。众所共知者一也。
3. 圣祖仁皇帝知允禵昏愚狂妄。必生事端。因遣往军前。使不得朋匪为恶。而允禵与阿其那、塞思黑、密信往来。曾无间断。机计莫测。众所共知者一也。
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6.其实还有一个兄弟也堕其术中

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但我要卖个关子，暂按不表。

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二、亲爹

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别看后面父子二人闹得那么僵，其实八儿子从小把亲爹蛊得不要不要的。

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在亲爹眼里，八阿哥从小开始，就对才艺展示颇有一些天赋。

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二十六年六月，康熙帝带领7 岁的允禩与其他几位较其稍长的皇子，来到皇太子允礽的书房，让他们分别在诸大臣前诵读经书。
允禩等人以次近前，各读数篇，童音朗朗，舒缓纯熟。康熙帝倍感欣慰，诸臣赞叹不已。
是年八月，允禩第一次随康熙帝巡幸塞外，在此次随扈皇子中年龄最小。
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他十二岁时，随着两位哥哥前往山东祭孔，这时又展现了相看马匹的天赋。

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康熙帝舍去较允禩年长的皇五子允祺和皇七子允祐，选派允禩随同两位皇兄前往，自有深意。允禩尚在少年，已具有骑术精湛，善于相马等特长。途中，凡由京城送至马匹，首先由允禩试骑，其后再定是否由允祉、胤禛等骑用。
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亲爹统兵亲征噶尔丹，八阿哥屁颠屁颠跟着出征。

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他们在鄂尔多斯围猎，因猎获野兔极多，康熙甚感惊奇，写信给皇太子，详细描述了打猎的情况。

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谕皇太子：十二日，驻跸宽托洛惠。本设双层围，兔雉丰盛，不可言状。朕四十多岁何处未行，未见如此兔丰。放围无分主仆，唯猎射，并无闲暇，朕殪一百三十八只，大阿哥殪五十九只，三阿哥殪五十五只，八阿哥殪五十只。裕亲王殪二十只，北围殪五只，为极少者。
……十三日驻跸。本两层围猎，雉少，兔与十二日同。自朕躬以下至猎人，前日殪兔力竭，手指皆肿而不能射，朕殪八十三只，大阿哥殪四十一只，三阿哥殪四十三只，八阿哥殪三十九只，打围人共殪一千四百四十二只。未计鄂尔多斯猎人所殪数额，……
十六日驻跸吉格苏泰。设双层围场，雉甚多，兔与前同。朕殪一百二十二只，大阿哥殪五十九只，三阿哥殪五十五只，八阿哥殪五十四只，裕亲王殪二十二只，围场之人殪一千二百十五只。未计蒙古人围猎之数。
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大阿哥、三阿哥都是骑射功夫极好的皇子。

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大阿哥才七岁，就能射中老虎。

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康熙十八年年底，玄烨在南苑行围，“纵虎出圈，命众驱逐，皇第五子保清（大阿哥乳名）亲射，中之”。保清即皇长子胤禔，当时也只有 7 周岁。这样年幼的孩子追射凶猛异常的老虎，尽管旁边有人保护，也要冒很大危险，足见玄烨在培养儿子方面，具有不同一般为父之人的胆魄。
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不同于刻板印象里的书呆子，三阿哥的骑射，甚至还要好过大阿哥。

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皇三子胤祉的弓箭和枪法，还要超过他的两位兄长，无论参加行围或较射，他往往是命中率最高的射手之一。据马国贤神甫回忆，玄烨晚年在热河时，喜欢在围猎之余，“观看他的满洲摔跤手们角斗，也常常命令他的孙子们及其他高级将领在他面前进行较射。有时，他甚至加入与他的第三个儿子(胤祉)比赛的行列，因为这个儿子的箭法几乎同他父亲一样好”。
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从胤禩所射兔的数量与大阿哥、三阿哥几乎相同可见，胤禩的骑射功夫也十分不错。

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而最使胤禩从诸位阿哥中脱颖而出，成为亲爹爱子的，则是他出类拔萃的管理能力。

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三十五年二月，康熙帝第一次亲征噶尔丹。15 岁的胤禩，在 6 位随征皇子中年龄最小。

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亲征期间，他跟随康熙帝身边，奉命管理火器营，并得到了父亲的“嘉美诗”。

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戎行亲莅制机宜，栉沐风霜总不辞，随侍晨昏依帐殿，焦劳情事尔应知。
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“你早晚都在我的营帐边随侍左右，

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我为国事的焦虑与辛劳，你应当最能理解呀。”

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是年九月份，康熙帝第二次亲征噶尔丹，从第一次随征的 6 位皇子中挑选 3 人带往。

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四阿哥、五阿哥、七阿哥落选，大阿哥、三阿哥和八阿哥再次随征。

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足以见得，胤禩的表现，给康熙留下了深刻印象。

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\"\"
我儿子真好。
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他受封贝勒，以及大阿哥、三阿哥受封郡王，都是因为三人在随驾亲征噶尔丹的表现，以及平时的印象，都非常不错。

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八阿哥受封贝勒的当年，经康熙帝指婚，娶安亲王岳乐的外孙女郭络罗氏为嫡福晋。

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郭络罗氏母家的背景，可谓非常深厚。她的外公安亲王岳乐，可谓是清朝顺治、康熙年间功勋卓著的名将。顺治帝一度想把皇位传给他，在平定三藩之乱的时候，他更是立下了汉马功劳。

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康熙择选具有如此母家背景之人为儿媳，惟有当他对该子印象甚佳时，方会为之。

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之后八阿哥惹爹生气，爹左忍右忍，终于忍不了了——

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于是把气全撒在了儿媳和她的舅舅们身上。

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允祀素受制于妻，其妻系安郡王岳乐之女所出，安郡王因谄媚辅政大臣，遂得亲王。其妃系索额图之妹，世祖皇帝时记名之女子。其子马尔浑、景熙、吴尔占等，俱系允祀妻之母舅，并不教训允祀之妻，任其嫉妒行恶，是以允祀迄今尚未生子。
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爹：都怪你们不管好我儿媳！

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八福晋：？

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个死老头把我当你们 play 的一环是吧？
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从此以后的十年，胤禩一直受到父皇的宠爱和倚重。

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单单这十年里，他拉过的重要磨就有：

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1.管理广善库，所得成就获得裕亲王的赞赏。

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康熙帝曾让允禩管理广善库。允禩借此机会广结人缘，充分施展才干。康熙帝与其兄裕亲王福全自幼感情笃深，后者逝于四十二年六月。“裕亲王病时，曾以广善库为因，力荐允禩有才有德。”福全的看法对康熙帝会产生一定影响。
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2.他和三阿哥一块审理索额图。

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康熙四十二年，太子党的头号人物索额图被拘禁，康熙皇帝在巡行途中手书密旨，派人连夜交给三阿哥允祉和八阿哥允禩，命他们二人秘密审理索额图，并抓捕其同党。这一年允禩只有二十二岁，能够接受这样重大的政治任务，足见康熙帝对他的信任。
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一废太子的时候，胤禩更是风光无两。

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3.他先是和胤禛一起，被留在京城代理政事——名字居然还在他的四哥前面。

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这在严格遵循长幼尊卑的古代，是意义极其特殊的。

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4.在允礽的乳公凌普被从内务府总管一职撤下后，胤禩不但承担了内务府总管的职责，甚至还负责了查抄凌普。

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康熙四十七年一废太子时，康熙帝命允禩、胤禛二人留京办事，其中允禩署理内务府总管，名字也罕见地被列在了兄长胤禛之前。
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毙鹰事件大家应该都多少有所耳闻。

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八阿哥不听话，给亲爹气完了，大骂：他竟敢还上奏说自己冤枉，他冤枉在哪里？！！！

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伊摺内奏称冤抑。试问伊所谓冤抑者何在。
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但大家估计不太知道：

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康熙还写过一封给家人的信，信中为允禩呈献毙鹰一事开脱。。

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亲爹：我知道他冤枉在哪里。

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姑息之爱大爆发 jpg
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三、妈妈们1.养母惠妃

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还是毙鹰事件，还是大家应该不太知道的是：

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毙鹰事件之后，惠妃为了八阿哥，甚至跟康熙大吵一架，吵到外省的督抚都有所耳闻，上奏询问。。

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比如他的养母惠妃，虽然别有亲子允禔，但显然对允禩的关爱更甚。允禔被囚禁时，惠妃“亦奏称其不孝，请置之于法”，无论是真心还是忍痛，毕竟做出了支持康熙帝决策的表态。到康熙五十三年，康熙帝因为“毙鹰事件”痛责允禩，父子之间几乎恩断义绝，而此时的惠妃，或为保护养子起见，与皇帝发生激烈争执，以致外省督抚都有所耳闻。
奴才服思，惠妃主子之事，圣主必是叹恨。然圣主已有年纪，若多烦闷，恐御体必受苦累。——云贵总督郭严奏折
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嗯，养母为了养子跟丈夫大吵一架的含金量……

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后来雍正继位，母妃都要出宫由儿子们赡养。惠妃乐呵呵地就跑到八阿哥家里住了。

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慧妃母妃、乃大阿哥之生母、允禩之慈母也。允禩少時、即為慧妃母妃所撫養。朕因大阿哥獲罪禁鋼。其諸子又少不知事。意欲奉養於允禩之邸。因遣人詢問慧妃母妃。慧妃母妃欣然允從。
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2.全体妈妈们

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在雍正看来，八阿哥甚至还把所有妈妈们都给蛊惑了！

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雍正想死都想不明白为啥自己登基三年母妃没一个来看自己，差人都没差过。

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想了想又把锅推给八阿哥。

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肯定是胤禩的问题！是胤禩让妈妈们都不来看我！

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都是魅魔的问题！

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彼时允祹、酌议诸位母妃移府之礼。允祹议奏内、有朕思念诸位母妃之时、即令入宫相见等语。朕以诸位母妃、岂有召入相见之礼。深责允祹之非。迄今三年以来、诸位母妃、未曾遣人至朕前一问起居。诸位母妃、深居府中、一切皆诸王主持。此必允禩从中阻挠。诸王亦遂观望不前耳。
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四、亲伯父&堂弟

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皇子们唯一的亲伯父，康熙唯一的哥哥，裕亲王福全，也深深受到他八侄子的蛊惑。

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前文提到，在这些侄子中，大阿哥和他这个亲伯父的关系尤为不好。太子胤礽与自己这位宽厚温和，谦虚自持的亲伯父，亦关系不佳。

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而本答中的大魅魔八阿哥，蛊得他力荐“有才有德”、“心性好，不务矜夸”。

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这一份支持，甚至还在一定程度上左右过康熙的决定。

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一废太子期间，玄烨谈到胤禩时说：“…… 乃若八阿哥之为人，诸臣奏称其贤，裕亲王存日亦曾奏言八阿哥心性好，不务矜夸。”有的学者指出，福全去世前，曾向玄烨揭发皇太子胤礽的种种劣迹，同时赞扬胤禩聪明能干，品行端正，建议玄烨立后者为储君。这次谈话后不久，胤礽的主要支持者索额图即被拘禁，看来玄烨已考虑皇兄的建言，认为胤禩 “是可以代替胤礽做皇太子的人选之一。”
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而他的儿子，继承了他的王爵的保泰，也从小与魅魔的关系最为亲昵友好。

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被康熙帝养在宫中、待如亲子的侄儿保泰就和八阿哥允禩关系最好。
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甚至到了雍正初年，保泰还在为了八阿哥和八阿哥的党羽跟雍正作对。

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雍正气完了，骂他小时候教保泰算术，保泰居然不感恩。

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况保泰幼年初在大内行走之时，皇考令朕教习经书算法，率领指示行走。保泰受朕思顾甚深。又伯母之事，伊全家俱赖朕成全。朕藩邸人皆知之也。朕于保泰，所施之恩，伊此生何可负哉？
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五、以妻族为首的一大堆宗室亲戚

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这帮宗室亲戚，对魅魔八阿哥堪称鞍前马后，死活都要跟着八阿哥。

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我啊，现在只想做八王子的狗，做八王子的狗真的是太好了……
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近亲有之前提到的那堆兄弟、亲爹、亲妈养妈其他妈、亲伯父裕亲王福全、亲堂哥裕亲王保泰和堂侄子广宁外，还有亲伯叔恭亲王常宁的后代镇国公满都护；

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魅魔他老婆是安亲王岳乐的亲孙女，从小被外公接到家里养，几个舅舅把她宠上天了，魅魔也沾了喜气，蛊惑得这帮子舅舅乐颠颠地给他当枪使，把复立的太子拉下马。

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五十年八月，托合齐举办党派宴会。过后不久，八福晋的舅舅景熙便乘机上奏，轻飘飘地指控托合齐在“安郡王丧期一周年已过、 二周年未满”的时候，均与官员宴饮，未依例为安郡王服丧, 有悖属人礼制。
托合齐只是在除服后, 于二十七个月丧期内宴饮, 不算什么重罪，更何况康熙一向比较宽厚，这样的罪名不会让托合齐受什么大苦的；但查下去却发现，这次会饮所参加的人大有问题。
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远一点的宗亲，什么八大铁帽子王之一简亲王雅尔江阿和他儿子镇国公永谦、褚英后代贝子苏努与镇国公阿布兰、奉恩辅国公灏善的后代汝福与佛保、贝子鲁宾等等，

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数都数不完的宗亲，都变成了魅魔的狗，魅魔拿牵引绳牵都牵不过来。

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六、传教士

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作为康熙颇为宠信的一小支外国团体，传教士特别喜欢吃瓜，而且经常吃到大瓜。

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在他们口中，八阿哥的画风是这样的：

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正如我所说，皇长子最怕的就是第八子，人们普遍认为他是上天赐给政府的礼物。
As I said, more than any other of his brothers the Prince fearedthe eighth-born son, by common consent a young man who was Heaven's gift to government.
根据皇帝陛下的指令，他向老亲王历数长长一串他的先辈所犯的罪过，他责备老亲王这一支脉的世世代代始终都暗地里和当政的这一支脉作对。当念到老亲王本身的过错时，……详细列举了他当上了旗帅以后所犯的好几个错误，其中有当年已故皇帝废黜皇太子，征求大臣们意见，以图另改选一位亲王时，老亲王投了八阿哥① 的票。
① 即已故皇帝的第八子。所有的大臣们不管是满族还是汉族都赞同他当皇太子，所以，如果说这是一个错误的话，那大家都犯了同一错误。—— 原注
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传教士：根据我们所得信息判断，所有人都忍不住对上天赐给清朝的礼物犯错了。

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七、朝鲜人

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作为明朝的藩属国，朝鲜阴暗地认为清朝就是得位不正。

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于是，在几乎整个康朝，朝鲜都在积极发掘你清药丸的证据：

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康熙坏啊！太坏了！你清药丸！

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康熙天天打猎瞎玩，荒淫无道，你清药丸！
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康熙性情暴躁，你清药丸！
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康熙居然节俭，不可能，肯定是抠门，你清药丸！
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天啊康熙只懂满文，你清药丸！
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什么康熙居然会汉文，你清药丸！
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天啊太子这个德行，你清药丸！
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当然，朝鲜人不傻，知道康熙比较好，只是不肯承认。

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谁喜欢康熙我们孤立谁，因为你清药丸！
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直到雍正上位之后，他们对康熙的风评才好转回来：

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康熙好啊，太好啊，好极了啊！
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在这种情况下，朝鲜人（在康熙本朝）对胤禩的态度居然是：

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皇子们都望之没有人形，但其中皇八子好像好那么一点，也不是说就很好啦，就是好一点。嗯。
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朝鲜人：对不起，我们也对上天赐给清朝的礼物犯错了。

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八、大臣1.康熙朝的大臣

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大臣们被魅魔蛊惑得命都不要了，就跟着皇上对着干。

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康熙朝一废太子的时候，所有人不顾康熙暗示，就是要立八阿哥。

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这样的结果，对在位近五十年，自以为对朝廷局面如臂使指的康熙皇帝会产生怎样的打击，读者自可想见。自己培植、任用的满朝文武，居然为了一个年轻、没有功绩、母家卑微的允禩而揣着明白装糊涂，不惜悖逆自己的圣意，这是多么令人恐惧而且不可思议的事啊！
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康熙急眼了，放弃了所有繁文缛节，就要复立废太子。

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于是就连康熙朝的重臣、老臣，康熙帝的母舅、岳父，“佟半朝”佟国维都因为小小一只魅魔，公然跟康熙开干：

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你一直以来做得很好，但把储君的废立当儿戏，是不是有点离大谱了？咱能不能说话算话？

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皇上办事精明，天下人无不知晓，断无错误之处。此事于圣躬关系甚大，若日后皇上易于措处，祈速赐睿断，或日后难于措处，亦祈速赐睿断，总之将原定主意熟虑施行为善。
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-

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清代校勘学“创始的人”何焯，康熙朝的时候供职于武英殿修书，被康熙指派为八阿哥的伴读。

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何焯这个人刚正耿直，光明磊落，原则强烈，脾气很火爆，一连跟自己的两任老师闹得都很不愉快。

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然而，面对魅魔的攻势，何焯立马堕其术中了，连女儿都送给魅魔一家抚养。

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先生回南路上平安，何日到家？我家内外人等俱好，女先生亦好。先生女儿在此极好，更不必挂怀。
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-

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康熙宠臣李光地，到了康熙朝末期，还在那里：几个王子里面，八阿哥最贤能呀~

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大学士李光地告假回闽，今又奉特旨带病进京，闻系为立储之事诏彼密议，奴才闻知惊心，特于彼处相探，彼云“目下诸王，八王最贤”等语。
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-

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康熙宠臣明珠的儿子揆叙，学问甚好，谨慎敦厚，康熙看着就喜欢，天天念叨，不幸过世得早，于是念叨得更多了，送他谥号“文端”。

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（揆叙）议论识鉴词藻压倒诸人， 朕昔知为满洲第一，今日汉人中亦推第一矣。
掌院下世再欲得如此（揆叙）一人，良不易得。
毕，上又曰： “翰林院学士甚属紧要，自揆叙没后，朕再四思维，并不得称此职之人。必须学问优长，善于钤束，不畏人之人，方好。”
上又曰： “揆叙学问甚好，为人甚是谨慎敦厚，殊属可惜。朕因伊年少，并未当面嘉奖，不特朕惜之，即诸人无有不惜之者。”
大学士马齐奏曰：“揆叙年少老成，不但学问好，九卿及议政之事亦甚好。伊记性远胜臣等，不惟皇上深惜，举朝满汉大臣官员俱为惜之。一闻其没，俱往吊唁。”
内阁学士常鼐奏曰： “揆叙所学不但超出满洲之中，即汉人中亦少。”
上曰：“然。诚为可惜。”
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当然这样一位美好的小伙，他其实也被魅魔轻轻地蛊惑，跟康熙对着干。

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及二阿哥既废。揆叙与廷臣、暗通消息。各人手心俱写一八字。众所共知者一也。
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-

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康熙的宠臣阿灵阿，太师遏必隆第七子，孝昭仁皇后之弟，康熙喜欢极了，时不时送点什么，生病后派御医调治，还命公主做饭赏赐给他。

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阿灵阿去世后，康熙深为可惜，让好几个皇子都给他送灵。

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康熙年间倚重的重臣，“凡一切军机奏议无不恰合上心，一时大臣无有出其右者。圣祖仁皇帝恩遇甚隆，常赐上方动用之件及上亲乘名马。”康熙四十三年，赐御书“崇先裕后”匾额命皇十子胤䄉来悬。康熙五十五年三月，得疾，即遣御医调治，复赐御制药教以调养，康熙又亲占易卦甚吉，特谕晓之，后病稍愈。康熙驾至边外，病之好坏令每日奏闻，不时遣内侍看视。因服药无效，不思饮食，康熙命二公主（固伦荣宪公主）制饭赐之。围内所得狍鹿等鲜物赐之。时有西洋名医奉诏看视。至十月二十一日卒，享年四十七岁。康熙闻之，甚为悼惜，著左翼王贝勒吊唁，遣镶黄旗一旗大臣侍卫至奠茶酒，赐上驷马四匹，银两千两，令分属九佐领官兵俱穿孝服。皇太后（孝惠章皇后）遣首领赐茶饭，妃嫔皆遣首领赐茶奠酒至发引前一日遣首领送灵。发引之日，康熙命皇四子胤禛、皇五子胤祺、皇十子胤䄉，皇十七子胤礼以及镶黄一旗大臣侍卫护送，又命十七阿哥福晋亦送至墓所。追谥敏恪立碑墓上。
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虽然康熙那么宠爱他，但他也被魅魔蛊惑，犯了错。

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康熙五十三年冬、圣祖仁皇帝驻跸遥亭。……圣祖仁皇帝愤怒。严讯伊之护卫、及太监等。朋党奸谋。尽行显露。其太监冯进朝、供称鄂伦岱、阿灵阿、系伊逆党。
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不止他本人，他的儿子也子承父业，被魅魔蛊惑得颠三倒四，官都不做了也要跟皇帝对着干。

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况此奸党之风。如阿灵阿之子阿尔松阿、苏努之子勒什享等、皆继其父志、而奸恶过焉。似此毫无忌惮。父子相承。先后济恶。实为国家之大患。
阿尔松阿往天津料理监务时，甚属明白可嘉，以为可而用之，乃降旨之时，疑欲杀伊，抵死固辞。
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还有更多更多，数不胜数的康朝大臣们，全部都对魅魔八阿哥犯了错，没给爹留下啥人。

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\"\"
对不起，皇上，你儿子真香。
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2.雍正朝大臣

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雍正朝的大臣更不得了了，别说基本操作之为了维护魅魔跟皇帝对着干了，魅魔都死了，他们心里还装着个魅魔，继续跟皇帝对着干。

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\"\"
对不起，皇上，你弟弟真香。
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佟国纲的儿子鄂伦岱，仗着自己是皇亲国戚，天王老子来了也不服，上怼康熙雍正两任皇帝，下虐弟弟法海。

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他爸佟国纲[2]被这个儿子气疯了，上奏康熙，要求康熙把这个儿子杀了算数。

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然而，显赫的身份带给鄂伦岱却是刚愎自用，狂傲不羁的性格弱点，就连他的父亲佟国纲都不被他放在眼里。两人是关系极为不佳，经常性的争执，以至于佟国纲不惜上奏康熙“请诛其子”，弄得满堂皆知，佟家颜面无存。
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结果他爸康熙二十九年战死，马革裹尸，为了体恤他家，康熙还是把他爸的爵位承袭给了鄂伦岱。（笑死了）

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康熙二十九年（1690 年），佟国纲在“乌兰布通之战”中死战殉国，鄂伦岱却袭承了佟国纲的一等公的爵位，不知道此时的佟国纲如果泉下有知的话，会不会死不瞑目。
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他弟弟法海出身下贱，是佟国纲的侍婢所生。鄂伦岱十分看不起法海，百般虐待，甚至还不给法海的生母入祖坟。

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面对如此优秀的弟弟，鄂伦岱只是因为他的卑微的出身就对其母子颇为歧视，特别是在佟国纲去世后，鄂伦岱更加的肆无忌惮、任意虐待。甚至在法海的母亲去世后，鄂伦岱还不准其葬入佟家祖坟。这样就使得鄂伦岱与法海这对兄弟之间结下了深仇大恨，从此是老死不相往来。
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康熙拿他当侍卫，他把康熙当表哥。

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好消息：他俩确实是亲戚。

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坏消息：鄂伦岱连他爸都不吊，那么他对表哥的看法是_______？

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答：照样不吊，请安都不请，就在旁边跟别的侍卫射箭玩儿，气得康熙骂他：小兔崽子你是真找死啊？

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\"\"
信不信我今个代替你爸教训你？
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鄂伦岱选择——？

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答：鄂伦岱选择了无视。

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及在热河皇考圣体违和之时，并未请安一次，其意颇以为快，在热河宫门前每日较射欢笑。其后皇考于行围地方向鄂伦岱云：尔甚无恩情，尔所作之罪不可胜数，实为可杀之人。伊承旨之下毫无畏惧，倨傲如故，亲随侍卫等不胜愤恨，人人髪指，因此皇考愤懑终日。
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康熙气完了，一条条数他的罪过，叫人拿鞭子抽他。

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在热河时，皇考圣体甚是违和，大臣侍卫等俱请安求瞻仰圣颜。惟鄂伦岱并不请安，且率同乾清门侍卫等，每日较射游戏。鄂伦岱罪恶多端，皇考行围哨鹿时悉数其罪，令侍卫五哥鞭责之。
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到了雍正朝，面对表哥的儿子，鄂伦岱选择——

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答：照样吊也不吊。

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雍正对佟佳氏加恩，他不奏谢。

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伊之父祖朕俱厚加恩典，冀其悛改过恶，为朕出力。而鄂伦岱结党之心坚如金石，并无感激报效之念。以为朕之加恩于其父祖皆因隆科多之力所致，与己无涉，在朕前并无一语奏谢。
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雍正整顿吏治，清除异己，搞得差不多了，群臣都在下面陪笑脸，就只有他一个人低头冷笑。

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朕每召诸王大臣等颁发谕旨，鄂伦岱从未有一次点首心服。前召旗下大臣面谕云，近日是臣等办事将从前积习已改十之七八，若再整顿一二年便可全改。朕尝虑向来恶习恐非诛戮一二人不能挽回，今看来可不用诛戮矣，为此朕心甚喜，诸臣无不点首喜动颜色，惟鄂伦岱略无喜容，俯首冷笑。彼时朕即欲降旨诘责，已而中止。
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雍正问他手下有个人做事如何，他压根不认识这个人就说这人平常。

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雍正骂他：你胡说。

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他直接说：我就是胡说啊。给雍正气晕了。

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昨因办理旗下之事，在众人前将一原当侍卫之人问鄂伦岱：此人何如？鄂伦岱并未认识妄奏云：此人平常。朕责以尔在皇考时身为大臣存心狡狯，只知顾惜身家，不肯实心出力，苟且欺罔，朕所稔知，此等处朕屡经开谕，毫不悛改。今日在众人前又如此诳奏，是诚何意？鄂伦岱奏云：我信口回奏。含忿摇头，故激朕怒。
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他甚至在乾清门院子里掀开衣服就尿，把雍正气死了。

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又一年元旦清晨，在乾清门院内掀衣而溺，朕见之骇异，知其行同畜类。
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雍正顾忌他是太后、太皇太后两任国舅爷的后人，搞了容易被骂不孝，不然早掐死他了。

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就这样一个人，一个拽哥，一个天底下头等无君无父的法外狂徒，

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他面对魅魔展现出了如何的定力呢？

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答：无定力，已狠狠堕其术中。

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\"\"
就是这个八阿哥爽！
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康熙被八儿子送的老鹰气完了，审问八儿子的下属，问谁是魅魔的党羽，下属当场指认了鄂伦岱。

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他没话说了还要硬说，跪在旁边，也不管自己能不能回话，直接丢给人家一个问句：你说我与你主子一党，你主子与过我何物？

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圣怒当日因允禩得罪在要亭地方，将伊门下太监审讯。太监云：阿灵阿、鄂伦岱乃我主子之党，问他二人便知。彼时阿灵阿、鄂伦岱在傍，俱无言可辩，顔色改变良久，但称：我既系你主子之党，平日曽送过何物？你主子曽赏过我何物？
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回头康熙越想越气[3]，回宫的时候沿途一直在骂鄂伦岱，走了三十里就骂了三十里，一直没消气。

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鄂伦岱叼都不叼。

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当时还只是雍亲王的雍正：……？

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\"\"
这，这对吗……？
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次年春，皇考从霸州回銮，自行宫起身至南红门，言及鄂伦岱等结党之事，皇考震怒，沿途切责鄂伦岱，行至三十里而圣怒未解。鄂伦岱悍然不知畏惧，亦无一毫爱君之心，朕在旁悚惕不安之甚，
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雍正忍不住了，要拉人劝劝康熙，结果康熙从旁边出来，鄂伦岱甚至变本加厉，以至于康熙看到他的脸就开喷。

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得亏是劝住了，不然又有好戏看呢。（不是

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及圣驾出，而鄂伦岱仍悍然向前迎立以触圣怒，致皇考复严加切责，娄徵额进前奏劝，朕遂泣奏云：皇父圣体初愈，此等悖逆之人何足屡烦圣怒，乱臣贼子自有国法，若交与臣便可即行诛戮。因朕恳奏再三，皇考之怒方解。
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到了雍正朝，鄂伦岱还是横着走，对魅魔的宠爱（？）也变本加厉，倾身回护，代替魅魔上奏。

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之前子承父业，同堕八阿哥术中的阿尔松阿也来帮腔，两人就这样一起违抗皇帝。

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于是鄂伦岱甚至抗衡圣旨，将雍正给的圣旨丢在地板上，将死罪揽在己身，悍傲已极。

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朕即位以来效法皇考，仍不念其罪恶，施恩保全。乃伊每事扰乱，倾身回护阿其那，因阿其那佐领一事，在外于众人前一番议论，在内代伊启奏，显露悖逆之状，将朕所交硃批谕旨掷于乾清门地上，在朕前举止抗横，为人臣者当如是乎？
朕有硃批谕旨降与阿尔松阿者，令鄂伦岱转交，乃鄂伦岱于乾清门众人前将朕旨掷之于地，且极力党护阿尔松阿，将其死罪承认在身，愍不畏死，顽悍已极。
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雍正破大防。

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鄂伦岱：可魅魔就是魅魔啊，你算鸡毛。（抠鼻

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-

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额尔金是十阿哥的长史，也在魅魔主管的上驷院工作。

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仗着自己是魅魔的人，对皇帝就开始傲慢无礼啊！太坏了！

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额尔金在上驷院行走时，依附允禩，为其党与。所以敢在朕前傲慢者，恃有此耳。伊实为允禩党内凶悍之人，愈见皇考知人之明，昭昭不爽。朕之复用额尔金，甚属错误。
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-

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有个武会元叫金昆，雍正想要用他，把他安排到魅魔主管的工部下。

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没想到魅魔看见金昆这孔武有力的肌肉，啊不对，发达的大脑，馋了。

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金昆看见魅魔，那更是走不动路了，魂都被勾走了，硬是把魅魔当成知己，给雍正气死了。

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上諭：工部主事金昆昔年曾在府中绘画行走，朕因其从武会元出身，识得数字，故令改授文职。伊籤掣工部主事，自到工部诸事把持招摇放纵，廉亲王居心巧诈，事事任用，凡有差使俱将金昆派出，搪塞其意，以为金昆有过，天下必加朕以私用匪人之名也。金昆亦倚廉亲王为知已，肆行无忌，大负朕恩。着将金昆革职，令在内庭禁锢行走效力。如不能改过自新或又多事，必从重治罪。
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-

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当然，金昆不只是个例。

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事实上，八阿哥管理下的全体上驷院和工部全体官员，全部都被魅魔上司蛊得神魂颠倒，任由魅魔摆布。

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尔工部官员等，受皇考数十年教养之恩，当念君臣大义，为朕竭力尽心以图报称，勿因允禩之甘言诡计为其所惑。允禩故为小心谨畏，于属员则作噢咻体恤之状，……
允禩居心行事如此。尔诸大臣、定已尽知。惟是工部上驷院两衙门官员人等、恐不知廉亲王之居心奸诈。一堕其术中。便为所累。朕岂忍两衙门之臣下、为伊所愚弄乎。用是再加晓谕。非令尔等、每事与伊抗拒。但令尔等、于办事效力之处、一归于正、勿被伊引诱惑乱而已。
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虽然雍正觉得大家应该都已经认出了魅魔的真面目，但大臣们还是纷纷堕其术中，同情魅魔，心甘情愿跟着魅魔受罚。

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乃在廷诸臣，为廉亲王所愚，反以朕为过于苛刻，为伊抱屈。即朕屡降谕旨之时，观众人神色，未尝尽以廉亲王为非。惟舅舅隆科多、大将军年羹尧、大学士王顼龄、侍郎沈近思，曾在朕前陈奏：一年以来，大小臣工因廉亲王贻累者甚多，乃甘心忍受，并不归怨廉亲王。而廉亲王恬然自安，全不知愧，又不念及国法，全无恐惧。此党援之终不能解散者也。
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不仅如此，这些官员还纷纷觉得皇帝真是太坏了，居然加害魅魔。

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尔工部官员等，受皇考数十年教养之恩，当念君臣大义，为朕竭力尽心以图报称，勿因允禩之甘言诡计为其所惑。允禩故为小心谨畏，于属员则作噢咻体恤之状，其心实欲败坏事务，且知朕必能察出，将众人治罪，以彰朕之苛刻，俾众人感伊而归怨于朕，其居心大抵如此。
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大臣们：对不起皇上，你弟弟真好！没忍住，犯错了！

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\"\"
就是这个魅魔爽！
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-

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就连年羹尧跟雍正上奏时都说：嗯，廉亲王的风味确实好点。

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其允禟语无伦次，心地浅诈，竭力做哭介而无眼泪，故为亲热煦煦孑孑之状，盖有意学廉亲王而细致则远不及也。
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九阿哥：（装哭）（亲热）（演技大爆发）

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年羹尧：（眼前看着九阿哥）（脑子已经飘到千里之外的京城想起可爱的廉亲王)

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年羹尧：并没有说我已经堕其术中，但魅魔确实挺可爱的。嗯。

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\"\"
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-

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魅魔的功力深厚，哪怕在物质上已经离去，精神上还存在于人们心中。

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具体体现为死了还能结党，可能目的是吸活人精气。

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这些人的名字，包括但不限于：鲁尔金、乌尔陈、苏尔金、库尔陈，法海、佛保、达尔当阿、托什、查弼纳，萧永藻、诺岷、高成龄、董永芠、四格、李凤翥、锡保，每个名字拿出来都是响当当的倒霉，哦不对，不能在魅魔面前卓然自立的愚蠢呀！

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甚至酒老师@不沾一滴酒 扒出来，都雍正十二年了，魅魔都去世八年了，大义觉迷录也被强制宣传好几年了，在雍正提拔的官员私下八卦里，邪恶的魅魔阿其那竟然还是【圣祖的八阿哥】【圣祖密旨说他确实好】

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\"\"
太恐怖了，简直是脑控啊！怪不得说被魅魔骗一次终身受骗！
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雍正都崩溃了，说自己就没见过不会被魅魔蛊惑的汉子。

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尔若不为塞思黑之奸恶所欺骗，能坚持初到大同之心，则将为朕多加夸奖，可惜已枉然了，然而朕将宽恕之。若与阿其那、塞思黑在一处两个月，不为伊等奸计所动之汉子，不被欺骗之聪慧之人亦少矣。
朱批：此不过楚仲防汝之论耳，已被塞思黑之愚矣，与阿其那、塞思黑对面数日，有能不被二人之奸诈所愚者，朕未见也。
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九、全体清朝民众

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皇帝忍无可忍，把魅魔圈禁起来，免得魅魔又去勾引他人。

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结果民间居然传出谣言，说“八佛被囚，军民怨新主”，魅魔不知道为何被人当成了佛。

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皇帝崩溃了，怒发一万条反问：他哪里佛了？佛在哪里？where is 佛？

\n
阿其那等心怀奸恶，扰乱国政，煽惑人心，邀买美名，结交匪类，徧处称扬伊善，不过欺人而已，岂能欺上天皇考乎？阿其那等承欢皇考者何处？效力者何处？有裨国家者何处？利济军民者何处？施恩臣工者何处？有益兄弟者何处？且当皇考圣明在御之时，阿其那为皇子，何得交结外人，不曾与政事，有何善足称，遂至人目之为佛者，何故耶？
\n

清朝民众：对不起皇上，我们也已经堕其术中了。

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十、其实皇帝也被魅魔蛊惑了。

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那到底为什么会达成这个效果呢？

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因为皇帝本人也（曾）堕其术中，甚至房子都在魅魔的隔壁。

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历史上胤禛和胤禩的关系到底怎么样？

\n

把皇上四哥也算进去，那么单单前十二个序齿 + 未早夭的兄弟，被魅魔蛊惑到的就足足有六个了，占一半。（嗯。

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但皇帝精通觉迷技巧，凭借自己坚定的意志力爬了出来。

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哦！伟大的雍正帝！

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于是雍正帝汲取自身教训，号召大家一定要远离魅魔。结果一扭头，大家还是在堕其术中！

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哦，可怜的雍正帝！

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可惜的是哥们早年堕其术中的痕迹太多，骂个魅魔都要先把自己的存在从魅魔身边摘出去才能骂。

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甚至偶尔还不小心觉迷失败，吐露一些堕其术中的发言。

\n

年羹尧：并没有说我已经堕其术中，但魅魔确实挺可爱的。嗯。

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雍正：就是说！其他人真是丑妇效颦，万不及一！

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其允禟语无伦次，心地（朱批：秉性）浅诈，竭力做哭（朱批，虽诈，这还好）介而无眼泪，故为亲热煦煦孑孑之状，盖有意学廉亲王而（朱批：丑妇效颦，万不及一！）细致则远不及也。
\n

嗯，你让雍正承认魅魔貌比西施他是不会承认的，但要是别人试着学魅魔哭，雍正就会骂别人丑妇效颦了。

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\"\"
中国人啊，如果只是想开天窗是得说要砸墙的 jpg
\n

好在他儿子乾隆帮他擦了屁股，编的《实录》里基本把雍正口不择言骂魅魔的痕迹全删掉了。

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十一、但另一个儿子就没那么省心了。

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三阿哥·又长高了·大清巨人·弘时，他命中注定的瑛贵人不在后宫。

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在真实历史中，他命中注定的瑛贵人在前朝，正是他的魅魔八叔。

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魅魔：三阿哥你要做什么？我是你的八叔！

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三阿哥：我就那么比不上皇阿玛吗？我心里有你，皇阿玛他老了！

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魅魔还没来得及答应（？）就被他爸圈起来了。（大悲）

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他爸雍正折腾八叔，给他折腾急眼了，跟他爸水灵灵地对着干，给爹气完了。

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早在雍正三年三月，雍正在给诸王的谕旨中就提出：“今尔诸宗室闻朕谕旨，心中以为是者有之，以为不是者亦有之，朕岂能必宗室皆以此旨为是而遵行乎，即朕之子亦不能保其必行。”雍正说，他所下达的谕旨，即使在皇家、皇族的宗室中，有人以为对，也有人以为不对而不执行。即使是自己的儿子，也不能保证其一定会执行。这个“朕之子”当然就是指弘时，说明弘时对其父的政策、行为，多有分歧乃至违抗，已确是事实。
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雍正：我给你高出亲王的待遇，你这小兔崽子胳膊肘还往外拐？！

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三阿哥：可是八叔就是魅……哦不是，八叔可是八叔啊！

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雍正：你既然要为你八叔求情，就去做他的儿子好了。

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\"\"
我恨极了你们这帮被魅魔蛊惑的蠢货。
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尔等前为弘时请旨，时朕欲颁谕旨。朕禾念知弘时，断不可留内，故特颁旨诸王、大臣断决，以与允禩为子。今已将允禩治罪，掣回带子，从玉牒除名。将弘时既与伊为子，不能不掣回弘时之带子，著將弘时带子掣回。（此为朕深思依理所办之事，)尔等勿得屡加(妄)奏。{治一小人罪时，朕亦慎重，惟恐受冤枉,岂有将弘时强行治罪之理？}(要治允禩逐出宗室之罪，确实意外，此亦弘时之命。但弘时虽系允禩之子，若不交给他入管束，任其安行，亦有关系脸面之处。{将弘时}(其名亦令更改，将此)交付允裪，虽非叔子，仍准管养之。钦此。
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于是儿子乾隆上台后又开始给爹擦屁股。

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又谕、从前三阿哥、年少无知。性情放纵。行事不谨。皇考特加严惩。以教导朕兄弟等。使知儆戒。今三阿哥已故多年。朕念兄弟之谊。似应仍收入谱牒之内。
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大家：对啊，只是和魅魔在一起又有什么错呢。

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奏為查三阿哥從前原因阿其那獲罪株連，與本身獲罪撤去黃帶者不同。今已故多年，蒙皇上篤念兄弟之誼，仍收入譜牒，于情理允宜，應欽遵諭旨，將三阿哥仍載入玉牒。俟命下之日交與宗人府辦理。
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乾隆：其实我爸根本不想把魅魔逐出宗籍，他晚年提到这事就不开心，想后悔啊。

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乾隆：这样吧我们把八叔收回玉牒吧。

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圣心如日在天，固众所共仰也。迨皇考晚年，屡向朕谕及此事，辄愀然不乐，意颇悔之，若将留以有待者。朕即位之初，深有念于孔子三年无改之言，未敢遽易成案。今临御四十三年矣。……此事重大，朕若不言，后世子孙亦无敢言者。所有允祀、允禟二人，自不合还其原爵，仍当复其原名，收入玉牒，两人子孙亦当一并叙入。
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雍正：你个小兔崽子我 adlhaofaj**^KJYK7

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\"\"
我当年哪里后悔了？！
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乾隆：对不起爸爸，可是我真的很怀念八叔。

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天啊，魅魔太可怕了，把皇帝逼成这样啊。太可怜了雍正。

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查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783368", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Wed, 20 Aug 2025 00:27:03 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "资讯", - "feed": "知乎", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "15c2d4366a962017b683f9bda6b4254f", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "世界各国的文字几乎都变成了字母文字，为何唯独中国文字两千年来都保持汉字不变？", "description": "
\"头图\"/
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几乎所有的回答都有一个默认的前提：语言早于文字。

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这怎么可能不对呢？

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难道不是先有说话，才可能有记录说话的需求？

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我们总在线性思维中整理着自己的过去：

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\"\"
插图引子丹尼尔.L.埃弗雷特的《语言的诞生》
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这个东西叫做“人工搬运物”。
什么意思？就是说这个像人脸的“石头”，并不是人类雕刻出来的人工产物。
而是很可能早到南方古猿时代，类人猿从自然界中间寻找到的自身形象的觉察物。
这个东西的发现对语言学具有颠覆价值的原因是，它很可能解释了表意文字完全不同于表音文字的“演化历程”。
早在现代智人还没有形成之前，“人工搬运物”作为人类对自身的觉察就已经开始以一种“符号提取”的方式出现在自然物的有意识的选择，而不是制造之中。
这一发现，甚至会撼动人类工具演化的诸多理论。
比如，我们完全可以设想，最早期的工具演化就是一种“人工搬运”。
我们把“尖锐”、“锋利”、“结实”等诸多概念从自然物中“搬运”入自己的工具集里。
因此所有的人类创造，首先必须能够提取“意义”，随后才能制造工具。
这就是表意文字的恐怖之处。
它根本不是语言的“记录”，甚至更合理的猜测是，它反而是语言的缔造者。
——易经的科学原理是什么？
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当我们说文字和语言的线性关系的时候，我们其实就已经掉入了题主和大部分答主的前置设定之中。

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那就是文字和语言的进化是严格的语言线性的先行的。

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但我认为语言人类学的很多发现并不支持这种看起来绝对正确的思维。

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就像大卫.格雷伯清晰的证明了，早期人类社会，不存在一个广泛存在的以物易物的交换系统。

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丹尼尔.L.埃弗雷特在《语言的诞生》中，也清晰的证明了文字和认知—意识之间的演化关系。

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也就是说，文字作为一种符号实践，其诞生的演化需求，很可能要远远早于语言。

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我们之所以觉得语言必定早于文字，无非是因为我们把表音文字的语言转化效用，当成了语言的本质，同时也把文字和认知之间的关系，当成了一种绝对教条的——因果关系。

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我们下意识的认为，一定必须先有语言作为一种对认知的“显现”，随后才需要文字对这种显现记录。

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随后我们认为在动物日常中间的，基于发音的“信息交流”就是语言的母体：

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\"\"
摘自布鲁诺.G.巴拉的《认知语用学：交际的心智过程》
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但如果我们仔细审查这个信息和语言关系的图标，你会发现信息的交流结构中不存在语言的效用：

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这是《认知语用学》里的一副插图，将人类的交际行为和动物的交际行为做了一个对比，我们可以看到“信息提取”——也就是分辨事物——并不是人和动物在交际上的主要区别。同样交际——也就是信息交流——原则上也无需语言的参与。前两种能力的唯一区别是意向性，我们可以简略的把它理解成为是否具有目的性，毕竟当一只狮子在草原上溜达，无意中发现了一只羚羊，并不需要有意为之，不管它是否饥饿，羚羊的形象都会自然的通过狮子发现的线索，出现在它的心灵里，而如果这个发现触发了捕猎，羚羊就成了一个目标，狮子必须跟随这个目标不停的调整自己的行为，如果是合作狩猎，它还需要呼叫同伴，让其和自己拥有共同的目标，围绕目标的一系列的目的性行为，就可以被看作是有意向的。
图例上进一步表示，前两种互动虽然有意向性上的区别，但都是非象征性的，只有人类的交际行为，那种运用语言的交流，才能称之为象征性的。
——第十节：象征之眼
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意向性——表达为对象性陈述为象征性，其实就是对意识的描述。

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所以，严格来说创造工具并不会需要意识，只有有目的，有意象的从物中提取工具的符号形象，才能称之为有意识：

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【……伯施和伯施.阿克曼（Boesch and Boesch Achermann，1991）通过对象牙海岸雨林中的野生大猩猩的观察发现，为了让小猩猩学会如何敲碎坚果，猩猩母亲用类似锤子的工具现场展示。事实上，猩猩母亲不仅给小猩猩提供锤子，而且向它演示如何使用锤子、坚果怎么放等细节。……】
这段话摘抄自布鲁诺.G.巴拉的《认知语用学：交际的心智过程》，猩猩母亲掌握了使用工具的能力，考虑到它已经能够从自然物中分离出“锤子”，不得不说大猩猩拥有了某种非常原始的意象。可当它们没有语言的时候，这些意象并不能像概念那样被精确掌握，并用来解释“锤子”的功用。它们传达这些能力的唯一方式就是直观的演示，一遍一遍的，猩猩母亲不停的重复着使用工具的体验，希望孩子在一旁的观察中，能够从它自己的体验里分辨出“锤子”与其他石头的区别（界限），以及作为一个工具的意义。依赖生命体验的实践虽然让大猩猩掌握了某些也许可以称为概念前身的模糊意象，但作为一个没有语言的生灵，它是无法孤立于自己的行为，而将自己的体验传达给其他同类的。
——同上
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而表意文字的整个演化过程，几乎就是人类认知→意识的产生过程。

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也就是说仅仅从语音的信息交流出发，用一种教条的线性进步的逻辑，声称语言中的“意向性陈述”来自于原始的，动物也存在的，语音的信息交流的需求，是极端不合理的。

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这也是为什么即便在香农的信息建模中，我们也照样看不到语义存在的原因：

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\"\"
摘自丹尼尔.L.埃弗雷特的《语言的诞生》
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香农的通信管道隐喻，只能为信息的明确性负责，而根本无法为语义的明确性负责。
毕竟，信息学关心的不是“这句话传达了什么？”，而是“这句话传达了吗？”。
一组编码的可辨别性，和一组编码的“意义”是根本不可能通约的。
主流的认知科学，解决这个问题的方法，是拒绝面对它。
比如乔姆斯基的“UG”，在一种算法逻辑下，关心所谓的“亚人符号”其实说白了，就是想要在自己的语言学理论里，拒绝“语义”这个概念。
本质上，他希望“功能主义”的所谓副现象在这里发挥作用。
也就是说，语言不过是某种类似于“基因编码”的规律性运动，这个规律性运动是一切语言行为的“发动机”；而所谓的语义，不过是这个语言行为的——副现象——也就是发动机的轰鸣声。
在这样的意义上，主流的，遵从于 UG 路径的语言学家们，其实根本不在乎“语义”这么个东西。
这种心态和传统认知心理学根本不在乎“意识”，而只在乎“智能”是一个道理。
在大多数认知学家的视域里，“意识”是一个语义欠明的——缀词。
所以，在主流语言学中，过度的，甚至冗余的对数学的依赖，其实只不过是不停的尝试将语言学转化为一种信息学的趋势罢了。
——被发明的认知：作为文化迁移的语言演化
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这就是为什么我认为表意文字在认知演化上的效用，要远远大于表音文字的原因。

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也就是说，表意符号的实践操作，以百万年为单位，很可能横跨了早期古人种的整个演化历程。

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也因此表意符号演化为表意文字很可能是所有语音最终能够实践为语言的根本前提。

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很好，说清楚了这个问题，我们回到表音文字对表意文字的替代问题上。

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这个问题极度复杂，我只说一个最粗糙的线条。

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在人类神话时代的晚期，部族的迁徙问题，开始表现成为一种“入侵”问题。

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入侵这个概念，不存在与文化体系形成之前。

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没有文化体系，实际上就不会产生迁徙的时间—历史性觉察。

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也就是不会出现祖先、图腾、仪式的传承问题。

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没有这些传承问题，就算是长期定居，也不会形成对地域的文化固着。

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不会形成疆界、领土这样的概念。

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狩猎采集文化可以将法杖伫立的地方比作“世界的中心”。

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也就是说世界是可以被部落从一个地区带到另一个地区，不存在一种时间和空间交汇的，历史的起点。

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部落之间发生冲突，就算是以百年为单位的定居生活被破坏，只要这种定居的文化体系还没有固着在时空中（历史性的前身），那么占领者和迁徙者之间就不存在任何“被侵略”和“侵略”的问题。

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土地和果实没有本质区别。

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但随着表意符号体系的越来越成熟，它不仅要求语音能够传达意向性，这种认知最基底的效用。

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它开始对语言再次产生了符号提起的需求。

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这就是所谓的语义——意义的认知演化，文化在这种演化中产生了。

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语义是构筑一切世界时空（也就是对象化—客观性）认知的基底。

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这种认知带来了“存在性”问题。

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文化为其居住的时空提供了意义，并将这些时空存在化。

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这是一切农耕能够发展为农业文明的根本前提。

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文化人类学发现了广泛存在于早期人类那里的农业停滞问题。

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也就是人类非常早期就已经掌握了发展农业所需要的大量植物培育技术。

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但世界的存在性——意义性追求没有产生之前，对一个地区的深度开发的意愿性是不存在的。

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所以，仅仅依靠地理决定论是不能解释早期人类那里广泛存在的农业停滞问题的。

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只有一种文化体系——祖先 / 神灵崇拜的时空性—历史性回溯，才可能造成对一个地域和一种文化的永恒性绑定问题。

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人类最早的一批定居文化就是这样形成的。

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但紧接着，以原始印欧人横跨欧亚大陆的大迁徙为代表，人类历史上最早的入侵出现了：

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当这些原始印欧人到达他们的新家园时，他们遇到了当地的族群，后者相对要和平一些，不那么尚武好战，从事农耕生产，富于艺术创造力，在社会结构上或许是平等主义的，而且崇拜女神。本土民族拥有发达的审美意识，他们建造二层楼房和美丽的神庙——我们已为这些建筑做了陶土模型。他们还生产优美的彩绘陶器。他们或被库尔干人同化，或被消灭，因为库尔干人驯化了马，又具有军事才能，这都使他们占尽优势。原始印欧人还把他们的语言和宗教强加给本土族群，尽管在因此而形成的“印欧”语言与文化中，本土语言与宗教的一些残迹一直在其底层存在着。这样看来所谓“印欧”，便是库尔干人和古欧洲人相融合的一个结果。
——马丽加.金芭塔丝《活着的女神》
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这个入侵过程，在印度就表现成为一种为了彻底隔离古文明的种姓制度的形成史：

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这就是为什么西方的传统文化，也就是常青藤哲学，动不动就要把自己的神秘学谱系，往印度歪，因为实在无法在欧洲去溯源这个传统。
但我一直说，印度断代的问题，比起欧洲，更是一笔烂账。
印度教实际上是雅利安人入侵之后，为了断绝哈拉帕文明的传统而出现的。
而这个断绝的“畸形决策”，直接造成了传统精神的重大创伤。
不要忘了一切传统文化的根，就在对人类传承的根本维护上。
可全世界任何一个地区，也没有印度的种姓制度神学化后的宗教——印度教——更畸形的斩断传承的。
尽管有物质文明的灭绝，甚至可能蔓延到文化精神的遮蔽，但不管如何，没有哪个地区会为了隔绝过去，而发明出一种隔绝的宗教体系。
——周易和塔罗的区别是什么？
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尽管其他地区没有印度这么“决绝”，但广泛的入侵形态的融合，带来的替代问题很可能才是表音文字诞生的一大动力。

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不同的文化产生了剧烈的碰撞，表意实践还没有深入到语义—存在—意义阶段的体系，面临着一个如何吸收“异族语义”的过程。

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这个异族性觉察，还是其占领，侵袭文化提供的。

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也就是民族性是被征服民族提供的奇特结构，带来了一种极端的，需要真理化征服者的需求。

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这是最早的基于外部征服—真理性—客观性对神话性宗教，进行神学性改造的起点。

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绝对的善恶观，将道德律法化，唯一的真理→神的统治——这一切都是征服者通过被征服者的文化，产生的一种荒谬的，怎么说呢……“文明觉醒”？

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表音文字的大发展亦是这种征服—侵略性文明觉醒的一部分。

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注意，我这里不是说表音文字代表着一种侵略性，我是说没有文化体系之间的侵略—征服性的剧烈变动，不同文化的文字交流，不可能如此激烈、急切的表达成为一种语音的符号转译，而不是认知的符号实践。

\n

实际上古埃及的象形文字的在异族入侵压力下的大变迁，就体现了这一点：

\n
埃及人和赫梯人的区别该如何建立？如果说在埃及鼎盛时期这一问题可以被忽略，那么当异族已经入主帝国，成为了埃及主人的时候，文化就开始了其“内化”的过程。
这一过程已经无法从当下的危机中寻求力量，反省过去成为了一个契机。
每一个文明、文化、或者民族个体，当它们觉察到自身的存在（这种觉察最容易被文明的存亡危机所激活）的时候，为自己寻求与他者边界的意图就开始变得紧迫了起来。
一个文化工具必须为其存在提供一个过去的源头，这个源头不能再是理所当然的关于当下的自然延展。变化带来的冲击必须的得到解释，觉察正在从流动的体验中渴望寻找到永恒的线索。这就是历史的最初冲动吗？
埃及人选择了神庙作为过去的源头。毕竟在埃及的神话中神庙建立在原初世界那混沌中最初的土堆之上。那是神圣的，那是创世的最高起源。
于是神庙在埃及文化后起的异族危机中开始层层包裹，与外界隔离的欲望在建筑结构的封闭中不停的体现了出来。神庙里的象形文字从 700 个激增到 7000 个，这个时候独立的文字已经无法承担精确性的历史追求，如果说当下为歧义提供了最丰满的语境，那么死去的历史重建则远离了这种丰满，它渴望更为精确的区别，历史追求的是一种无可置疑的，刻板而繁杂的奠基。
这是文明的边界、民族的壁垒。
——死后的历史：大传统构建的文本过去
\n

一种象形—表意文字的衰落，往往是一个文明即将被彻底替代的标志。

\n

后来者并不愿意完全传承过去的历史，而是从它的尸体中寻找重新搭建征服者文化的技术。

\n

从这一次大入侵→大征服之后，表意文字所代表的，那个人类早期，创造了一切认知基底的神话时代，在世界大部分地区就结束了。

\n

表意文字所代表的那种基于体验—觉察为基底的，认知形态也开始被抛弃。

\n

但在东亚区域的华夏文明圈却保留了这种认知形态。

\n

这就是为什么在很多迷恋客观性—对象化思维的现代人来说，中国传统文化总会被谩骂成为一种活该在近代落后的，没有科学—理性精神的落后文明的原因。

\n

但这种思维的可悲，就像表音和表意文字的线性—替代—进步思维一样，就像把科学和技术实践做出强绑定，货币和以物易物做出强绑定，信息和文字做出强绑定一样，它纯粹就是一种客观性思维的产物，而从来不可能提供一种有效的对何为客观性思维的审查：

\n
一切所谓工具理性，实验精神都不是一种“系统”，更不是什么拥有本质的精神，它从头到尾就是一种——民俗。
一切基于“工程操作”理念的认知集合（比如工具、实验……），都不过是一种技术手册，这个技术手册中的一切经验规律，都根本不需要进行——哲学化的确定性总结，也就是所谓的——科学。
也就是说，你以为科学的巨大价值，无非是一个鸠占鹊巢的游戏，而这个游戏的始作俑者，就是哲学的现代化构造——科学精神：
【以下是我们准备支持的哲学观点：科学精神必须在反自然、反我们身上和身外的本性冲动和号令中，反自然的驱使、反色彩斑斓和多样的事实中形成。
——巴什拉《科学精神的形成》】
巴什拉在他的这本著作中，最准确但同时在我看来也是最可笑的展示了这种科学精神最实质的内涵——科学的政治性规约。
科学的一切操作根本没有任何创造性可言，在大部分技术环节，“科学”这个概念是毫无价值，也是毫无意义的，它唯一的作用，就是在一切“多样性”、“自然而然”、“色彩斑斓”、“事实”的实践—实验之后，来按照一种既定的标准对这一切实践做出“价值裁决”。
这个价值裁决，才是“科学”这个概念能够在现代社会发挥效用的——唯一目的。
——如今的哲学变成什么样了？
\n

这就是信息→语音→语言→文字，在科学陈述中的，一切所谓合理性的来源。

\n
\n

好了，当我们弄清楚了在认知诞生的初期，表意文字的演化所扮演的角色，我们就会明白为什么表音文字，在这种视域下，根本没有跟表意文字进行对比的空间。

\n

同时，如果我们也熟悉了表音文字自身大发展，是如何与神话时代晚期的，人类最早的一次入侵所带来的征服文化的大崛起的历史息息相关的，那么“客观性—对象化—神学化”思维为什么在表音文字中如此核心，就实在不那么奇怪了。

\n

那么，当我们掌握了这些“区别”，我们回到中国的表意文字，回想一下近代拉丁化思潮对它的口诛笔伐，是不是就有了一些理解其历史原因的线索？

\n

所以，为什么唯独中国的文字几经变迁，备受摧残，却最终仍然没有丢弃自己的“表意”？

\n

这个文字和它那遥远过去的“根”到底是什么关系？

\n

对这一切的摸索就要靠我们自己各自的志趣了。

\n

毕竟，这个时代，我们自身文化的研究，恐怕大部分的主流，也在科学的名义下，实在表音化了……。

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\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", @@ -3257,28 +3169,6 @@ "hash": "a00d6fa7358b20e951592cb5ecee19c8", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "001FRONT - Plush 'meat pie' toys give Tibetan culture fresh look", - "description": "

A plush Shapaley "meat pie" toy.

\n

Now you can hug your favorite traditional food from the high-altitude Xizang autonomous region. That's right, food. You can even take it to bed with you.

\n

It's a new cultural brand called Shapaley, which uses the Tibetan word for "meat pie" to connect with ordinary life on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It's turning some familiar flavors and other iconic symbols into cuddly keepsakes and winning hearts on Chinese social media.

\n

Developed by the Xizang Performing Arts Company, the line of plush toys reimagines Tibetan icons — noodles, for example — as huggable friends that make traditional culture playful, portable and relatable.

\n

In the first two weeks since the launch of the first series, around 1,500 units have been sold across China, with orders coming mainly from short-video platform Douyin's shopping section and co-branded pop-up events.

\n

"Tibetan noodles are a familiar taste in the everyday life of Xizang, so we wanted to spin this ordinary flavor into a portable memory. We want it to become a warm new Tibetan specialty in people's hearts," said Fu Shiyu, head of the company's product development department.

\n

The concept taps into a nationwide craze for culturally resonant plush toys, following the lead of brands such as Jellycat and the growing trend of city-themed cultural products.

\n

"When we saw the cultural and tourism sector across the country launching toys based on iconic local symbols, we felt Tibetan culture had huge untapped potential," Fu said. "Because no one had yet ventured into this space, we decided to start with the foods we know best."

\n

The rollout of products features familiar objects in a fun form. For instance, a plush Shapaley "meat pie" replica doubles as a coin purse. A thought-provoking "flowers on cow dung" toy reflects Tibetan humor. A Potala Palace-shaped huggie has quickly become a must-have souvenir for visitors.

\n

The 10-member design team, most of them local employees, is committed to giving Tibetan culture a fresh and hip look. Their main sales channel is Douyin, while they partner with cultural and creative shops for on-site consignment sales.

\n

They also stage interactive events. At a recent outdoor picnic, for example, staff members dressed as tea house owners staged playful noodle-cooking scenes. The immersive approach makes the beloved reallife products come alive, Fu said.

\n

"Many people have said they're happy to finally have a cultural product that represents Tibetan lifestyle, and they're urging us to design more," she said.

\n

Tenzin Sherab, a Tibetan employee, said cultural symbols from everyday life resonate. "The first series of Shapaley products takes a new approach, and it's quite a good one; but it's also a significant challenge," he said, adding that the team hopes to steadily improve the products.

\n

The company has produced plush versions not only of Tibetan noodles, but also of butter tea churns and tea bowls. Each design reflects a familiar aspect of Tibetan lifestyle, recast in a charming, portable and collectible form.

\n

Encouraged by the strong positive feedback, the team is already working on a second series and promises new designs blending creativity with the roots of Tibetan culture. "We hope to keep improving and innovating," said Tenzin Sherab. "This is just the start of a journey to make Tibetan culture warm, friendly and easy to share."

\n

Contact the writers at palden_nyima@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "content": "

A plush Shapaley "meat pie" toy.

\n

Now you can hug your favorite traditional food from the high-altitude Xizang autonomous region. That's right, food. You can even take it to bed with you.

\n

It's a new cultural brand called Shapaley, which uses the Tibetan word for "meat pie" to connect with ordinary life on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It's turning some familiar flavors and other iconic symbols into cuddly keepsakes and winning hearts on Chinese social media.

\n

Developed by the Xizang Performing Arts Company, the line of plush toys reimagines Tibetan icons — noodles, for example — as huggable friends that make traditional culture playful, portable and relatable.

\n

In the first two weeks since the launch of the first series, around 1,500 units have been sold across China, with orders coming mainly from short-video platform Douyin's shopping section and co-branded pop-up events.

\n

"Tibetan noodles are a familiar taste in the everyday life of Xizang, so we wanted to spin this ordinary flavor into a portable memory. We want it to become a warm new Tibetan specialty in people's hearts," said Fu Shiyu, head of the company's product development department.

\n

The concept taps into a nationwide craze for culturally resonant plush toys, following the lead of brands such as Jellycat and the growing trend of city-themed cultural products.

\n

"When we saw the cultural and tourism sector across the country launching toys based on iconic local symbols, we felt Tibetan culture had huge untapped potential," Fu said. "Because no one had yet ventured into this space, we decided to start with the foods we know best."

\n

The rollout of products features familiar objects in a fun form. For instance, a plush Shapaley "meat pie" replica doubles as a coin purse. A thought-provoking "flowers on cow dung" toy reflects Tibetan humor. A Potala Palace-shaped huggie has quickly become a must-have souvenir for visitors.

\n

The 10-member design team, most of them local employees, is committed to giving Tibetan culture a fresh and hip look. Their main sales channel is Douyin, while they partner with cultural and creative shops for on-site consignment sales.

\n

They also stage interactive events. At a recent outdoor picnic, for example, staff members dressed as tea house owners staged playful noodle-cooking scenes. The immersive approach makes the beloved reallife products come alive, Fu said.

\n

"Many people have said they're happy to finally have a cultural product that represents Tibetan lifestyle, and they're urging us to design more," she said.

\n

Tenzin Sherab, a Tibetan employee, said cultural symbols from everyday life resonate. "The first series of Shapaley products takes a new approach, and it's quite a good one; but it's also a significant challenge," he said, adding that the team hopes to steadily improve the products.

\n

The company has produced plush versions not only of Tibetan noodles, but also of butter tea churns and tea bowls. Each design reflects a familiar aspect of Tibetan lifestyle, recast in a charming, portable and collectible form.

\n

Encouraged by the strong positive feedback, the team is already working on a second series and promises new designs blending creativity with the roots of Tibetan culture. "We hope to keep improving and innovating," said Tenzin Sherab. "This is just the start of a journey to make Tibetan culture warm, friendly and easy to share."

\n

Contact the writers at palden_nyima@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/23/content_001_68a8e2a1ed50ccabe15180b5.htm#001FRONT", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Sat, 23 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "186c382f90c3968da71bc42090c0e219", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "002CHINA - Steps taken to boost domestic consumption", "description": "

China will take multipronged steps, including fiscal, tax and financial policies, to unleash greater domestic demand potential, the State Council — the country's Cabinet — said on Friday.

\n

Policymakers should optimize the implementation mechanism of the consumer goods trade-in program to better leverage its role in expanding domestic demand, according to the State Council executive meeting chaired by Premier Li Qiang.

\n

The National Development and Reform Commission, the country's top economic regulator, said earlier this month that the fourth and final batch of 69 billion yuan ($9.6 billion) in ultra-long-term special treasury bonds will be allocated in October to support the trade-in program, completing the planned 300 billion yuan total for the whole year.

\n

The program has spurred purchases of more than 109 million home appliances, involving more than 66 million consumers, the Ministry of Commerce said in late July.

\n

Moreover, the program has driven sales of more than 74 million digital devices and nearly 9.06 million electric bicycles, the ministry said.

\n

However, Luo Zhiheng, chief economist at Yuekai Securities, cautioned that as the effectiveness of trade-in programs for boosting durable goods consumption — which kicked off in 2024 — is likely to wane over time, greater efforts should be made to bolster services consumption.

\n

Policymakers could put in place similar incentives earmarked from the fiscal funds to boost consumption in the services sector, as China's current government debt-to-GDP ratio remains relatively low among major economies, Luo added.

\n

In the first half of 2025, China's total retail sales of consumer goods increased 5 percent year-on-year, while retail sales of services grew 5.3 percent, said the National Bureau of Statistics.

\n

To this end, the Friday meeting also called for efforts to stimulate sports consumption demand, including expanding sports consumption scenarios and encouraging localities to host sporting events.

\n

It was stressed at the meeting that greater emphasis should be placed on mobilizing market forces to drive the development of the sports and recreation sector, expand consumption scale, enhance the vitality of sports business entities and promote high-quality growth of the sector overall.

\n

Days ahead of the meeting, the country had unveiled a new loan interest subsidy for businesses in eight eligible categories of the service sectors, including sports, to help them enhance service offerings and spur consumer spending appetites.

\n

Under the initiative, businesses can receive subsidies for loans of up to 1 million yuan. Borrowers will receive a 1 percentage point annual interest rebate for up to one year.

\n

wangkeju@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", @@ -3301,28 +3191,6 @@ "hash": "fbe1d6134de0705700a339abcb94196b", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "002CHINA - Briefly", - "description": "

INNER MONGOLIA

\n

Government head under probe

\n

Wang Lixia, chairwoman of the Inner Mongolia autonomous regional government, is under investigation for suspected serious violations of Party discipline and national laws, the Communist Party of China Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the National Commission of Supervision said on Friday, without elaborating further. Publicly available information shows that Wang, 61, a native of Liaoning province, started her career in September 1985 and joined the Party in December 1992. Before she was transferred to Inner Mongolia to work in October 2016, she had served at various positions in Shaanxi province, including head of the Shaanxi statistics department, mayor of Tongchuan and vice-governor of Shaanxi. She became the deputy Party secretary of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region and chairwoman of the regional government in 2021.

\n

BEIJING

\n

Special broiler chickens exported to Saudi Arabia

\n

China recently shipped its first batch of Guangming 2 white-feather broiler chickens to Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, marking a new step in the expansion of independently bred and high-quality poultry genetics to the Middle East market. Developed by the Institute of Animal Science of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, together with domestic agricultural enterprises, Guangming 2 is one of China's first nationally approved white-feather broiler breeds, with production performance rivaling leading international breeds, according to the CAAS. The variety incorporates advanced technologies such as the Jingxin 1 breeding chip for genomic selection and intelligent phenotyping, doubling the speed of genetic progress. It also has a 35.2 percent lower incidence of muscle abnormalities compared to international lines. The exports point to growing agricultural cooperation between the two countries, apart from existing collaboration in breeding technologies and demonstration farms. Before entering the Saudi market, Guangming 2 had already been exported to other countries, including Pakistan and Tajikistan.

\n

", - "content": "

INNER MONGOLIA

\n

Government head under probe

\n

Wang Lixia, chairwoman of the Inner Mongolia autonomous regional government, is under investigation for suspected serious violations of Party discipline and national laws, the Communist Party of China Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the National Commission of Supervision said on Friday, without elaborating further. Publicly available information shows that Wang, 61, a native of Liaoning province, started her career in September 1985 and joined the Party in December 1992. Before she was transferred to Inner Mongolia to work in October 2016, she had served at various positions in Shaanxi province, including head of the Shaanxi statistics department, mayor of Tongchuan and vice-governor of Shaanxi. She became the deputy Party secretary of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region and chairwoman of the regional government in 2021.

\n

BEIJING

\n

Special broiler chickens exported to Saudi Arabia

\n

China recently shipped its first batch of Guangming 2 white-feather broiler chickens to Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, marking a new step in the expansion of independently bred and high-quality poultry genetics to the Middle East market. Developed by the Institute of Animal Science of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, together with domestic agricultural enterprises, Guangming 2 is one of China's first nationally approved white-feather broiler breeds, with production performance rivaling leading international breeds, according to the CAAS. The variety incorporates advanced technologies such as the Jingxin 1 breeding chip for genomic selection and intelligent phenotyping, doubling the speed of genetic progress. It also has a 35.2 percent lower incidence of muscle abnormalities compared to international lines. The exports point to growing agricultural cooperation between the two countries, apart from existing collaboration in breeding technologies and demonstration farms. Before entering the Saudi market, Guangming 2 had already been exported to other countries, including Pakistan and Tajikistan.

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/23/content_002_68a8e2b2ed50ccabe15180b9.htm#002CHINA", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Sat, 23 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "1be147d3d3d8e36677afb258ac3c51d2", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "002CHINA - 12 dead, 4 missing after bridge collapses in Qinghai", "description": "

An aerial drone photo taken on Friday shows the site of a bridge construction accident on the Qinghai section of the Sichuan-Qinghai Railway in Qinghai province.

\n

Twelve people have been confirmed dead and four remain missing as of 6 pm Friday due to a steel cable failure at a bridge construction site in Northwest China's Qinghai province earlier in the day.

\n

The accident occurred around 3 am at the under-construction bridge on the Qinghai section of the Sichuan-Qinghai Railway, where 16 workers were on site at the time, according to Xinhua News Agency. The failure caused a 108-meter steel girder arch rib to collapse.

\n

The Ministry of Emergency Management has promptly dispatched a team to the site to oversee rescue operations and coordinate rescue efforts, focusing on searching for people who fell into the water.

\n

The ministry confirmed that it would determine the cause of the accident as soon as possible, and undertake decisive measures to prevent similar incidents in the future.

\n

China Central Television reported more than 806 rescuers have joined search and rescue efforts since the accident happened, with 91 vehicles, 27 boats, one helicopter and five robots deployed. Additionally, six hospitals have opened quick channels to provide medical aid for victims.

\n

As of press time, coordinated rescue operations, as well as efforts to comfort affected families, were ongoing.

\n

The bridge — located at the border between Jainca county in the Huangnan Tibetan autonomous prefecture and Hualong Hui autonomous county in Haidong — is the first steel truss arch railway bridge in China to cross the Yellow River, according to People's Daily.

\n

Qinghai Daily previously reported that two cable towers on either side of the bridge were completed on June 14, with its main bridge originally expected to be joined by the end of this month. The maximum cable force on the side spans of the bridge reaches 1,161 metric tons, equivalent to the weight of 750 small cars, and each tower weighs 1,800 tons, with the largest segment weighing 45 tons. The installation precision of the towers is directly related to the safety and success of the subsequent steel support beam, it said.

\n

Public information shows that the bridge, one of the key projects of its type on the Sichuan-Qinghai Railway, has a length of over 1,596 meters, with the arch's apex standing 130 meters above the water's surface, equivalent to the height of more than 40 stories. Its deck is 55 meters above the Yellow River's surface.

\n

caoyin@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", @@ -3345,28 +3213,6 @@ "hash": "afa40843ccf1e6c3d617fae63cc59375", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "002CHINA - A-share rally draws global investors", - "description": "

While the A-share market has recently hit multiple new records, foreign investors remain optimistic about its performance in the coming months, increasing their exposure to Chinese equities in anticipation of further capital inflows and structural opportunities.

\n

The benchmark Shanghai Composite Index gained 1.45 percent on Friday to close at 3,825.76 points, its highest level in 10 years. The combined trading value on the Shanghai and Shenzhen exchanges approached 2.55 trillion yuan ($360 billion), surpassing the 2-trillion-yuan mark for the eighth consecutive trading day, and setting a new record for sustained high trading volume in the A-share market.

\n

Analysts from US investment bank Goldman Sachs said the rally is backed by more driving forces, as a significant amount of idle capital has yet to enter the market.

\n

Only 22 percent of Chinese household financial assets have been directed to funds and stocks, while over 10 trillion yuan is estimated to flow into the stock market, especially favoring small and mid-cap stocks, they said.

\n

The latest data from the People's Bank of China, the nation's central bank, showed that the balance of Chinese household savings declined significantly by 1.1 trillion yuan in July, while non-bank deposits surged by a record 2.14 trillion yuan. This suggests that residents have shifted their savings into securities accounts, or used them to purchase funds and wealth management products, industry experts said.

\n

Hong Hao, chief investment officer of the multi-asset offshore US dollar hedge fund Lotus Asset Management, said that many more stocks are participating in the current uptrend, ranging from mega caps such as traditional financial companies to small — and micro-cap stocks. As a result, the current rally is not driven by speculation and is likely to be more sustainable than previous ones, he said.

\n

International investors have acted quickly. According to data from Goldman Sachs' Prime Brokerage for hedge funds, China was the market receiving the largest net buying from global hedge funds in August, with 90 percent of them holding long positions in Chinese equities.

\n

Similarly, a Nomura report released on Wednesday showed that reducing exposure to Indian shares while reallocating capital to stocks listed in the Chinese mainland and Hong Kong has become a mainstream strategy among emerging market investors.

\n

As of Wednesday, South Korean investors had directed $5.8 billion toward trading Hong Kong stocks, according to the Korea Securities Depository. This amount has already surpassed the full-year total in 2024.

\n

Foreign investors' net increased holdings in Chinese onshore stocks and funds reached $18.8 billion in May and June, according to analysts from Soochow Securities. Foreign capital may continue to flow into the A-share market amid a weaker US dollar, they added.

\n

According to Johnny Yu, macro strategist at the US-based global investment firm Wellington Management, China delivered better-than-expected growth in the first half of this year, but investor sentiment has yet to catch up. He noted that investors have not paid sufficient attention to structural changes in areas such as new consumption and services, AI, robotics, automation, renewables, electrification, biotechnology, and high-end, high-value-added manufacturing.

\n

Major shifts have been taking place in China, including declining reliance on property, greater self-sufficiency and course corrections in industrial policy. Investors may be underestimating a still-positive growth story in China, Yu said.

\n

shijing@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "content": "

While the A-share market has recently hit multiple new records, foreign investors remain optimistic about its performance in the coming months, increasing their exposure to Chinese equities in anticipation of further capital inflows and structural opportunities.

\n

The benchmark Shanghai Composite Index gained 1.45 percent on Friday to close at 3,825.76 points, its highest level in 10 years. The combined trading value on the Shanghai and Shenzhen exchanges approached 2.55 trillion yuan ($360 billion), surpassing the 2-trillion-yuan mark for the eighth consecutive trading day, and setting a new record for sustained high trading volume in the A-share market.

\n

Analysts from US investment bank Goldman Sachs said the rally is backed by more driving forces, as a significant amount of idle capital has yet to enter the market.

\n

Only 22 percent of Chinese household financial assets have been directed to funds and stocks, while over 10 trillion yuan is estimated to flow into the stock market, especially favoring small and mid-cap stocks, they said.

\n

The latest data from the People's Bank of China, the nation's central bank, showed that the balance of Chinese household savings declined significantly by 1.1 trillion yuan in July, while non-bank deposits surged by a record 2.14 trillion yuan. This suggests that residents have shifted their savings into securities accounts, or used them to purchase funds and wealth management products, industry experts said.

\n

Hong Hao, chief investment officer of the multi-asset offshore US dollar hedge fund Lotus Asset Management, said that many more stocks are participating in the current uptrend, ranging from mega caps such as traditional financial companies to small — and micro-cap stocks. As a result, the current rally is not driven by speculation and is likely to be more sustainable than previous ones, he said.

\n

International investors have acted quickly. According to data from Goldman Sachs' Prime Brokerage for hedge funds, China was the market receiving the largest net buying from global hedge funds in August, with 90 percent of them holding long positions in Chinese equities.

\n

Similarly, a Nomura report released on Wednesday showed that reducing exposure to Indian shares while reallocating capital to stocks listed in the Chinese mainland and Hong Kong has become a mainstream strategy among emerging market investors.

\n

As of Wednesday, South Korean investors had directed $5.8 billion toward trading Hong Kong stocks, according to the Korea Securities Depository. This amount has already surpassed the full-year total in 2024.

\n

Foreign investors' net increased holdings in Chinese onshore stocks and funds reached $18.8 billion in May and June, according to analysts from Soochow Securities. Foreign capital may continue to flow into the A-share market amid a weaker US dollar, they added.

\n

According to Johnny Yu, macro strategist at the US-based global investment firm Wellington Management, China delivered better-than-expected growth in the first half of this year, but investor sentiment has yet to catch up. He noted that investors have not paid sufficient attention to structural changes in areas such as new consumption and services, AI, robotics, automation, renewables, electrification, biotechnology, and high-end, high-value-added manufacturing.

\n

Major shifts have been taking place in China, including declining reliance on property, greater self-sufficiency and course corrections in industrial policy. Investors may be underestimating a still-positive growth story in China, Yu said.

\n

shijing@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/23/content_002_68a8e2bfed50ccabe15180bd.htm#002CHINA", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Sat, 23 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "19052b31411a7a9da84cd93ff737e53a", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "004COMMENT - From humanoids to parallel intelligence", "description": "

Shanghai hosted the 2025 World Artificial Intelligence Conference and the High-Level Meeting on Global AI Governance last month. Earlier this month, Beijing played host to the World Robot Conference and the World Humanoid Robot Games — a dazzling display of China's technological energy, innovation and ambition in the era of "AIR", that is, AI plus robotics.

\n

From AI to embodied intelligence, these technologies are not just tools but also engines set to transform our world. Open, collaborative global development is one of the best ways intelligent science and technology can benefit humanity and help countries achieve sustainable growth.

\n

Tesla and SpaceX founder Elon Musk recently said: "The path to solving hunger, disease, and poverty is AI and robotics." But he was only half-right, because AIR represents only a new paradigm for human survival, a kind of "intelligent air" that sentient life cannot do without.

\n

The real showstopper is the humanoid robot. This was reflected at the World Humanoid Robot Games, which featured 26 events and 487 matches, with more than 500 humanoid robots from 127 brands.

\n

Teams from 16 countries across five continents, including 192 university squads and 88 corporate teams, competed in the games. According to the International Federation of Robotics' Aug 14, 2025, report, "Vision and Reality", humanoid robots are on track to become "the next big thing in robotics".

\n

China, as the world's largest industrial robotics market, has laid out concrete plans and targets, and begun large-scale production and application. The goals are clear: transformation of manufacturing, embedding robotic intelligence in society, and accelerating the rise of a knowledge-driven, intelligent industrial ecosystem.

\n

But behind the glittering spectacle lies serious engineering. Participants tested hardware platforms, multimodal perceptions, decision-making, execution control, communications and energy management. The arena featured a mix of jaw-dropping leaps, awkward tumbles and occasionally comical missteps. They reminded us that humanoid robotics remains a frontier field, full of experimentation and rapid evolution.

\n

The competition highlighted both the performance limits of individual machines and the immense promise of collaboration. To fully realize this potential, open, shared data and model coordination, cross-platform interaction and multi-robot collective intelligence are essential. And with the end of the games, these skills must migrate from the stadium to the real world — factories, hospitals and homes — where robots can continuously improve safety, adaptability and intelligence.

\n

The games were more than a tournament; they were parallel experiments in motion, bringing together AI computational experiments and embodied agents' prescriptive intelligence. The goal was not merely winning medals but also practical, scenario-driven deployment. Robotics divorced from real-world application risks stagnating in low-level, repetitive development.

\n

By testing humanoids under extremely challenging situations, the games publicly assessed motion control, environmental perception and autonomous navigation, embodying the ACP methodology of parallel intelligence: artificial societies plus computational experiments plus parallel execution. Every physical robot has a digital twin in the virtual world. Pre-game algorithm optimization counts as computational experiment; each graceful jump — or spectacular fall — feeds priceless real-world data. This feedback is prescriptive intelligence, guiding the next iteration toward smarter decisions and more effective actions.

\n

The games also acted as a prism, reflecting the broader ecosystem, economic dynamics and social impact of humanoid robotics. First, they showed that intense competition can expose the industry's Achilles' heel. When a robot falters due to the limit of a gearbox or servo motor, the failure is far more visceral than any report.

\n

Second, the games helped reassure investors, redirecting capital from abstract hype to tangible applications, and making sure that enterprises clear core technical bottlenecks and increase real-world deployment.

\n

Third, they proved that robots on the field are athletes, not sci-fi villains. They assuaged the fear that "machines would replace humans" and instead helped many realize the fact that robots will liberate humans from repetitive or dangerous tasks while creating new value and employment opportunities. One minute a robot nails a flawless kick, the next, it trips spectacularly — both moments teach us the importance of persistence, learning and continuous technological development.

\n

And fourth, the games raised a fundamental question: What does AIR really stand for? As scientists like Geoffrey Hinton caution, without careful guidance, AIR could serve capital rather than humanity. Beyond showcasing the "hard power" of robotics, the games provoke reflection on its soft power — policies, ethics and rules shaping its development. True intelligence is not measured by how fast a robot runs but by our ability to craft a safe, inclusive, and sustainable path through the parallel interaction of virtual and physical worlds.

\n

In this sense, the World Humanoid Robot Games are far more than a competition. They are a thought experiment in action, blending spectacle, strategy and social insight. They demonstrate China's leadership in shaping an AIR era that is not only technologically advanced but also ethically grounded, economically rational and socially beneficial — a world where robots will not replace humans but empower them, and where intelligent machines become a true extension of human capability.

\n

The views don't necessarily represent those of China Daily.

\n

", @@ -3389,28 +3235,6 @@ "hash": "5fa50925174c2ded650c7598f777a41c", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "005BUSINESS - AIGC set to reshape select industries", - "description": "
\n

Chinese tech heavyweight Baidu Inc is doubling down on artificial intelligence-powered video generation models, as fast-growing AI-generated content is reshaping the landscape of short video, film, animation and advertising industries.

\n

Experts said image-to-video generators will improve the quality and efficiency of video generation and significantly reduce the production costs of video, while creating new business opportunities for online searches, cloud computing and the content ecosystem.

\n

Baidu has launched its updated AI-driven video generation model MuseSteamer 2.0, which is designed to empower businesses with the ability to create high-quality and synchronized audiovisual content from simple image inputs and prompts.

\n

Featuring computer vision and natural language processing capacities, the model is able to generate multiple voices and videos simultaneously and overlay realistic ambient sounds with dialogue from various characters, lowering the barrier to premium video production for businesses and content creators.

\n

The company said robust application demands from various commercial scenarios are driving the speedy development of video generation models, and the emergence of AIGC has greatly bolstered multimodal content creation with broad application prospects in fields such as marketing, as well as film and television creation.

\n

The move comes as Baidu aims to carve out a niche in China's growing enterprise-level AI services market, where demand for multimedia content creation tools is rapidly rising.

\n

"AIGC-related technologies will improve the productivity of content production, but the process of developing image-to-video generation models necessitates higher requirements for computing capacity, algorithms and high-quality data," said Pan Helin, a member of the Expert Committee for Information and Communication Economy, which is under the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.

\n

Chinese tech companies should beef up self-developed and proprietary abilities in underlying computing power chips and programming software, as well as step up investments in basic scientific research, to catch up with foreign counterparts in the AI chatbot race, he said.

\n

Noting that talent, data and computing power are key to image-to-video generation models, Pan added that more efforts are needed to bolster the efficient circulation of data elements, try to achieve breakthroughs in key technologies and expand application scenarios of video generation models in a wider range of segments.

\n

Chen Duan, director of the Digital Economy Integration Innovation Development Center at the Central University of Finance and Economics, said AIGC will unleash people's demand for tools that can help them express their creativity and drive the evolution of commercial models in content production.

\n

Chen said the multimodal large language model, which possesses the ability to generate high-resolution video clips based on given prompts, is an undeniable future development direction for AI technology.

\n

AIGC will lead to a new revolution in the field of digital content production and boost innovation in the digital culture industry, Chen said, adding that although AIGC is still nascent, she is bullish on its prospects.

\n

Other Chinese tech companies are accelerating steps to launch video generators. Video-sharing platform Kuaishou Technology has updated its video generation model Kling that can mimic the physical world and create imaginative scenes from text instructions, while ByteDance has unveiled its AI model for text-to-video generation.

\n

Experts said the text-to-video or image-to-video AI models will further propel China's investment in computing infrastructure, such as data centers and cloud computing platforms, and boost the integration and upgrade in China's AI industrial chain.

\n

Global market research firm International Data Corp said the scale of China's AI market is expected to reach $26.44 billion in 2026, with a compound annual growth rate of over 20 percent between 2021 and 2026.

\n

While there are many positives, the use of such models raises concerns about ethics, copyright protection, personal privacy leakage and data security.

\n

How to ensure the authenticity and transparency of the content has become an important issue, and more efforts are needed to formulate rules and regulations to ensure the healthy development of such technology, said Liu Xingliang, director of the Beijing-based Data Center of China Internet.

\n

fanfeifei@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "content": "
\n

Chinese tech heavyweight Baidu Inc is doubling down on artificial intelligence-powered video generation models, as fast-growing AI-generated content is reshaping the landscape of short video, film, animation and advertising industries.

\n

Experts said image-to-video generators will improve the quality and efficiency of video generation and significantly reduce the production costs of video, while creating new business opportunities for online searches, cloud computing and the content ecosystem.

\n

Baidu has launched its updated AI-driven video generation model MuseSteamer 2.0, which is designed to empower businesses with the ability to create high-quality and synchronized audiovisual content from simple image inputs and prompts.

\n

Featuring computer vision and natural language processing capacities, the model is able to generate multiple voices and videos simultaneously and overlay realistic ambient sounds with dialogue from various characters, lowering the barrier to premium video production for businesses and content creators.

\n

The company said robust application demands from various commercial scenarios are driving the speedy development of video generation models, and the emergence of AIGC has greatly bolstered multimodal content creation with broad application prospects in fields such as marketing, as well as film and television creation.

\n

The move comes as Baidu aims to carve out a niche in China's growing enterprise-level AI services market, where demand for multimedia content creation tools is rapidly rising.

\n

"AIGC-related technologies will improve the productivity of content production, but the process of developing image-to-video generation models necessitates higher requirements for computing capacity, algorithms and high-quality data," said Pan Helin, a member of the Expert Committee for Information and Communication Economy, which is under the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.

\n

Chinese tech companies should beef up self-developed and proprietary abilities in underlying computing power chips and programming software, as well as step up investments in basic scientific research, to catch up with foreign counterparts in the AI chatbot race, he said.

\n

Noting that talent, data and computing power are key to image-to-video generation models, Pan added that more efforts are needed to bolster the efficient circulation of data elements, try to achieve breakthroughs in key technologies and expand application scenarios of video generation models in a wider range of segments.

\n

Chen Duan, director of the Digital Economy Integration Innovation Development Center at the Central University of Finance and Economics, said AIGC will unleash people's demand for tools that can help them express their creativity and drive the evolution of commercial models in content production.

\n

Chen said the multimodal large language model, which possesses the ability to generate high-resolution video clips based on given prompts, is an undeniable future development direction for AI technology.

\n

AIGC will lead to a new revolution in the field of digital content production and boost innovation in the digital culture industry, Chen said, adding that although AIGC is still nascent, she is bullish on its prospects.

\n

Other Chinese tech companies are accelerating steps to launch video generators. Video-sharing platform Kuaishou Technology has updated its video generation model Kling that can mimic the physical world and create imaginative scenes from text instructions, while ByteDance has unveiled its AI model for text-to-video generation.

\n

Experts said the text-to-video or image-to-video AI models will further propel China's investment in computing infrastructure, such as data centers and cloud computing platforms, and boost the integration and upgrade in China's AI industrial chain.

\n

Global market research firm International Data Corp said the scale of China's AI market is expected to reach $26.44 billion in 2026, with a compound annual growth rate of over 20 percent between 2021 and 2026.

\n

While there are many positives, the use of such models raises concerns about ethics, copyright protection, personal privacy leakage and data security.

\n

How to ensure the authenticity and transparency of the content has become an important issue, and more efforts are needed to formulate rules and regulations to ensure the healthy development of such technology, said Liu Xingliang, director of the Beijing-based Data Center of China Internet.

\n

fanfeifei@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/23/content_005_68a8e2d1ed50ccabe15180c2.htm#005BUSINESS", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Sat, 23 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "6f8ac39039007655a5c93b31474fee67", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "005BUSINESS - Robot chefs cut costs, boost efficiency", "description": "

Visitors to Robot Mall, a store showcasing embodied intelligent humanoid robots in Beijing's E-Town — the city's leading hub of innovation — watch the demonstration of a robot chef on Aug 8.

\n

Robot chefs are gaining in popularity, on the back of significant cost-effectiveness and excellent quality control.

\n

Robot chefs are not a new concept. For example, the Changsha-based restaurant franchise Bawan uses such robots in its outlets. So far, Bawan has opened over 500 outlets, which have all deployed self-developed robots to cook food. According to its official website, these have now been updated to the third generation.

\n

Xiaocaiyuan, a Hong Kong-listed restaurant specializing in Anhui cuisine, deployed robotic cooks in some of its outlets as early as 2023.

\n

According to the prospectus released by Xiaocaiyuan before its listing, a portion of the funds raised from the public flotation will be used to purchase 3,000 such robots, with a unit price of 50,000 yuan ($6,972) per robot and an estimated total cost of 150 million yuan.

\n

The purchase quantity of 3,000 robot chefs, based on the current number of its over 600 stores, means that on average, each Xiaocaiyuan outlet will deploy about five of these robots.

\n

Several franchise restaurants are also deploying robot chefs, including Nonggengji Hunan Native Cuisine, Jin Ding Xuan, Beijing Micun Technology Co, CSC Group, and Nanchengxiang. They are able to cook highly standardized dishes such as Yuxiang shredded pork, fried eggs with tomato, and Kung Pao Chicken.

\n

Do these cooks really save money? Take Xunxiangdidai, a restaurant that serves Anhui cuisine, as an example. According to the Hongcan Industry Research Institute, by using intelligent devices and traditional stoves, robot chefs shoulder half of the stir-frying jobs, saving up to 60 percent in salaries. Normally, a kitchen needs two human chefs, and their salaries add up to around 18,000 yuan. Robot chefs can, however, operate five to six stoves at a time, greatly cutting down on salaries.

\n

Wang Peng, an associate research fellow at the Beijing Academy of Social Sciences, said: "The labor cost of the catering industry continues to rise, and stir-frying robots can significantly reduce salaries and social security expenses of chefs. Long-term operation can significantly reduce overall costs. At the same time, its efficient operation can improve meal delivery speed, increase the number of customers served per unit time, and thereby increase restaurant revenue."

\n

In addition, robot chefs are able to accurately execute preset programs for cooking, strictly control the heat, seasoning dosage, and meal preparation time, ensuring stable and consistent taste and quality of dishes, which is conducive to shaping a unified brand image for chain catering, and enhancing consumer trust and recognition of the brand, he said.

\n

The current fast-paced lifestyle of consumers requires high efficiency in serving meals. The fast-serving feature of stir-frying robots can meet the demand for instant dining, and has great potential in the fast food and takeaway fields.

\n

Moreover, it conforms to the trend of digital and intelligent transformation of the catering industry, and can deeply integrate with restaurant management systems to optimize operational processes, he added.

\n

Guo Tao, individual angel investor and an expert in the artificial intelligence sector, said: "Although the prospects of robotic cooks are bright, the road ahead is full of challenges. At present, it is difficult to accurately replicate the unique taste and personalized flavor of Chinese cooking at the technical level, and significant breakthroughs are needed in the research and development of complex dishes. In terms of economic costs, high equipment purchase and maintenance costs have deterred many small and medium-sized catering businesses. In the field of health and safety, improper cleaning and disinfection of equipment can easily lead to health hazards."

\n

In addition, the operational programming of the robot chefs requires high digital skills from employees, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty and cost of employee training. How to improve cooking efficiency while also optimizing the taste experience has become the key to whether it can fully replace manual labor, he said.

\n

zhengyiran@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", @@ -3433,28 +3257,6 @@ "hash": "fbe8bd2359a2812e5bbed7e3f5678885", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "005BUSINESS - Pet funeral services giving succor to owners", - "description": "
\n

From engraved paw prints to farewell ceremonies, a growing number of Chinese pet owners are seeking meaningful ways to say goodbye to their companions.

\n

By June, China had more than 8,000 registered enterprises engaged in pet funeral services, with nearly 70 percent of these established within the past three years, according to business data platform Qichacha.

\n

This is a reflection of the fact that for many owners, pets are no longer just animals but family members.

\n

A research report on China's pet funeral market (2022-29) released by marketplace data provider Insight and Info found that over 80 percent of Chinese pet owners now regard their pets as family.

\n

"I used to think holding a funeral for pets was unnecessary when I saw such stories online," said a Beijing-based pet owner surnamed Guo. "But after raising two cats myself, I realized that rituals are not about showing others — it's about giving your own heart a place to rest. Because to me, they are family."

\n

The emotional attachment has directly shaped consumer demand — when pets pass away, 60.4 percent of owners would like to choose a farewell service, while 56.3 percent emphasize appearance preservation, according to a 2024 China pet care white paper published by the Western Institute of Pet Life Science.

\n

Generally, most pet funeral services start with basic cleaning and cremation, typically priced according to the animal's size and weight. Additional offerings often include urns, paw-print keepsakes, portraits, or sculptures.

\n

For example, at Theta Land, a Beijing-based pet aftercare services provider, the average cost ranges from 1,500 yuan ($209) to 2,000 yuan, including farewell rituals, grooming, and cremation, with final rates adjusted by pet weight, said Li Lixin, founder of the company.

\n

As a Taiwan resident now settled in Beijing, Li said she often went back for training during the early days of her business, as the pet aftercare industry there had developed earlier than the Chinese mainland.

\n

"I wanted to bring that experience back to the mainland," she explained.

\n

"The Chinese people, myself included, often avoid talking much about death because of fear or taboo," Li said. "Pet aftercare services have helped me learn how to face death and handle it. I believe that when you truly understand something, you no longer fear it."

\n

Li believes that the domestic market remains in its early stages, with both service quality and consumer awareness still developing. "Once acceptance broadens, the niche sector will unlock enormous potential for the next three to five years," she said.

\n

With rising pet ownership and growing demand for diverse services, the pet funeral market is expected to reach 5 billion yuan in 2025 and surpass 10 billion yuan by the end of 2030, making it one of the fastest-growing segments of the pet industry, according to a report by market information platform ChinaIRN.

\n

Alongside market expansion, standardization has also gained momentum. The launch meeting for the drafting of professional skill evaluation standards for pet funeral specialists, organized by the vocational skill appraisal and guidance center of the All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, was held in Beijing in June.

\n

"The meeting marked a solid and crucial step toward professionalization and standardization in China's pet funeral service industry," said Liang Shengming, an official from the center.

\n

Industry experts also emphasized the need to strengthen regulations, suggesting that the pet aftercare industry should adopt environmentally responsible practices and establish clear governance mechanisms across multiple authorities.

\n

lijiaying@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "content": "
\n

From engraved paw prints to farewell ceremonies, a growing number of Chinese pet owners are seeking meaningful ways to say goodbye to their companions.

\n

By June, China had more than 8,000 registered enterprises engaged in pet funeral services, with nearly 70 percent of these established within the past three years, according to business data platform Qichacha.

\n

This is a reflection of the fact that for many owners, pets are no longer just animals but family members.

\n

A research report on China's pet funeral market (2022-29) released by marketplace data provider Insight and Info found that over 80 percent of Chinese pet owners now regard their pets as family.

\n

"I used to think holding a funeral for pets was unnecessary when I saw such stories online," said a Beijing-based pet owner surnamed Guo. "But after raising two cats myself, I realized that rituals are not about showing others — it's about giving your own heart a place to rest. Because to me, they are family."

\n

The emotional attachment has directly shaped consumer demand — when pets pass away, 60.4 percent of owners would like to choose a farewell service, while 56.3 percent emphasize appearance preservation, according to a 2024 China pet care white paper published by the Western Institute of Pet Life Science.

\n

Generally, most pet funeral services start with basic cleaning and cremation, typically priced according to the animal's size and weight. Additional offerings often include urns, paw-print keepsakes, portraits, or sculptures.

\n

For example, at Theta Land, a Beijing-based pet aftercare services provider, the average cost ranges from 1,500 yuan ($209) to 2,000 yuan, including farewell rituals, grooming, and cremation, with final rates adjusted by pet weight, said Li Lixin, founder of the company.

\n

As a Taiwan resident now settled in Beijing, Li said she often went back for training during the early days of her business, as the pet aftercare industry there had developed earlier than the Chinese mainland.

\n

"I wanted to bring that experience back to the mainland," she explained.

\n

"The Chinese people, myself included, often avoid talking much about death because of fear or taboo," Li said. "Pet aftercare services have helped me learn how to face death and handle it. I believe that when you truly understand something, you no longer fear it."

\n

Li believes that the domestic market remains in its early stages, with both service quality and consumer awareness still developing. "Once acceptance broadens, the niche sector will unlock enormous potential for the next three to five years," she said.

\n

With rising pet ownership and growing demand for diverse services, the pet funeral market is expected to reach 5 billion yuan in 2025 and surpass 10 billion yuan by the end of 2030, making it one of the fastest-growing segments of the pet industry, according to a report by market information platform ChinaIRN.

\n

Alongside market expansion, standardization has also gained momentum. The launch meeting for the drafting of professional skill evaluation standards for pet funeral specialists, organized by the vocational skill appraisal and guidance center of the All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, was held in Beijing in June.

\n

"The meeting marked a solid and crucial step toward professionalization and standardization in China's pet funeral service industry," said Liang Shengming, an official from the center.

\n

Industry experts also emphasized the need to strengthen regulations, suggesting that the pet aftercare industry should adopt environmentally responsible practices and establish clear governance mechanisms across multiple authorities.

\n

lijiaying@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/23/content_005_68a8e2e2ed50ccabe15180c6.htm#005BUSINESS", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Sat, 23 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "afdd528ed7ae7e27ae307ab6756a418c", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "006WORLD - Shared wartime history unites nations, envoy says", "description": "

Eighty years after China and the United States fought side by side in World War II, Beijing's top envoy in Washington said that the two countries must draw on their shared wartime history and recommit to peaceful coexistence and practical cooperation.

\n

Ambassador Xie Feng delivered the message on Wednesday at an art exhibition at the Chinese embassy marking the 80th anniversary of victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45) and the World Anti-Fascist War.

\n

Xie hailed the "heroes" who resisted fascism, from Chinese civilians to foreign volunteers, and recalled how, during what he described as a "decisive war between justice and evil", China and more than 50 nations formed an international anti-fascist front.

\n

"The Flying Tigers soared across the sky to intercept Japanese aggressors, and opened up the treacherous 'Hump Route' over the Roof of the World, writing an epic story in pursuit of peace with their lives," he said.

\n

In 1941, volunteer US pilots, known as the Flying Tigers, fought alongside the Chinese against the Japanese in China.

\n

The ambassador praised foreign artists and journalists, including US illustrator Martha Sawyers and photographer Robert Capa, for rallying support for China during the war.

\n

"Today, to safeguard the post-war international order and protect the Earth, our only home, we still need such heroes, and should act together for peace and for the future," he said.

\n

Xie also pointed to the Doolittle Raid of 1942, when US pilots, running low on fuel after completing their attack on Japan, crash-landed in China.

\n

"Chinese soldiers and civilians spared no effort to rescue the pilots they had never met before," he said.

\n

That wartime experience left a lasting imprint on bilateral ties.

\n

"The friendship between the Chinese and American people was forged amid the trials of blood and fire," Xie said, "and has gained new life and injected fresh impetus into bilateral relations over the years".

\n

"It is a constant reminder that China and the US should see each other as a partner and friend, contribute to one another's success and benefit the whole world; that we should never forget what our two people went through together in the era of war, and should never waver in our commitment to peaceful coexistence and win-win cooperation," he added.

\n

The envoy's message was as much about today as yesterday. The lesson of history, he noted, is that "prejudice, hatred and war will bring nothing but disaster and pain", while cooperation offers the only path forward.

\n

Common interests

\n

"Eight decades ago, our two countries fought against fascism side by side and jointly defended peace and justice. Eight decades later, we have more extensive common interests, broader space for cooperation, and more important international obligations," he said.

\n

As the world's two largest economies and as permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, China and the US share a special and significant responsibility for upholding world peace and stability, and promoting global development and prosperity, Xie said.

\n

Jeffrey Greene, chairman of the Sino-American Aviation Heritage Foundation, also emphasized the importance of remembering the wartime bond.

\n

Echoing Xie, Greene described the sacrifices made by ordinary Chinese in aiding downed US pilots.

\n

"Families risked their lives to hide airmen, dress their wounds and guide them to safety," he said. "Never has one nation's people so consistently risked so much for those of another. This was not merely an alliance. It was humanity at its purest form."

\n

David Frazer, a professor at the Rhode Island School of Design, stressed the role of culture in bridging divides today.

\n

"Despite the political differences that exist today between our great countries, global appreciation for the arts transcends these differences," he said.

\n

More than 200 guests, including US dignitaries, attended the commemorative exhibition, jointly organized with state broadcaster China Central Television.

\n

huanxinzhao@chinadailyusa.com

\n

", @@ -3477,28 +3279,6 @@ "hash": "5a49c3b6d5c68bb1c3ddfd3a121bb2c5", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "006WORLD - Briefly", - "description": "

EUROPE

\n

EU gets 15% tariff for cars, but no relief for wine

\n

The US and EU released details of a trade deal on Thursday that foresees lower car tariffs but no relief for Europe's wine sector. Brussels said it would push for further concessions. US President Donald Trump and EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen clinched a framework pact in July for most EU exports to face a 15-percent US levy. But many aspects remained unclear, as the EU sought to win carve-outs for some sectors and Trump threatened higher tariffs on others. A joint statement on Thursday brought some clarity, although negotiations are not over and some moving parts remain. The "maximum, all-inclusive" 15 percent rate would apply to the vast majority of European exports, including cars, pharmaceuticals, semiconductors and lumber, the EU said.

\n

THAILAND

\n

Court acquits former PM of royal insult

\n

Thailand's criminal court on Friday acquitted former prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra on royal defamation charges over his remarks to foreign media a decade ago. Thaksin has been found not guilty due to insufficient evidence to prove his wrongdoing, the court said in a statement. The prosecution's evidence presented failed to meet the burden of proof required for the indictment, said Thaksin's lawyer Winyat Chatmontree. Thaksin thanked his legal team after the verdict was read out, stating that he could now fully dedicate himself to working for the nation's benefit, Winyat said. The Office of the Attorney General indicted Thaksin last year, accusing him of defaming the monarchy during a 2015 interview with a South Korean media outlet.

\n


获取更多RSS：
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", - "content": "

EUROPE

\n

EU gets 15% tariff for cars, but no relief for wine

\n

The US and EU released details of a trade deal on Thursday that foresees lower car tariffs but no relief for Europe's wine sector. Brussels said it would push for further concessions. US President Donald Trump and EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen clinched a framework pact in July for most EU exports to face a 15-percent US levy. But many aspects remained unclear, as the EU sought to win carve-outs for some sectors and Trump threatened higher tariffs on others. A joint statement on Thursday brought some clarity, although negotiations are not over and some moving parts remain. The "maximum, all-inclusive" 15 percent rate would apply to the vast majority of European exports, including cars, pharmaceuticals, semiconductors and lumber, the EU said.

\n

THAILAND

\n

Court acquits former PM of royal insult

\n

Thailand's criminal court on Friday acquitted former prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra on royal defamation charges over his remarks to foreign media a decade ago. Thaksin has been found not guilty due to insufficient evidence to prove his wrongdoing, the court said in a statement. The prosecution's evidence presented failed to meet the burden of proof required for the indictment, said Thaksin's lawyer Winyat Chatmontree. Thaksin thanked his legal team after the verdict was read out, stating that he could now fully dedicate himself to working for the nation's benefit, Winyat said. The Office of the Attorney General indicted Thaksin last year, accusing him of defaming the monarchy during a 2015 interview with a South Korean media outlet.

\n


获取更多RSS：
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/23/content_006_68a8e2f4ed50ccabe15180ca.htm#006WORLD", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Sat, 23 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "fed23c157eab783dad2af226d15c7a65", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "007WORLD - From culture shock to a 'second home'", "description": "

Online See more by scanning the code.

\n

A British student participates in an A-level program of the charity Engage with China in Changzhou, East China's Jiangsu province during the 2023-24 academic year.

\n

A scholarship winner hugs H-J Colston-Inge, director of Engage with China (left) in Changzhou during the 2023-24 academic year.

\n

"I felt like I was leaving a part of myself in China because it has been a very tough journey to integrate myself into the culture and connect with the people here," said Calista Ajibola, a British student aged 18, who has just completed a two-year boarding school scholarship program in China.

\n

Even for someone who had been learning Mandarin for five years and who had achieved the top grade in the subject in her General Certificate of Secondary Education exam, or GCSE, the test taken by students in the United Kingdom at the age of 16, using the Chinese language, still posed some challenges, as textbook knowledge and real-life application can be very different disciplines.

\n

"People often couldn't understand me when I first arrived in China and would ask me to switch to English. I had scored a nine in my GCSE Mandarin exam, so it was incredibly frustrating, at times even disheartening," she said.

\n

"But as time went on, armed with the courage to make mistakes, a determination to improve, hours of practice, and plenty of help from my Chinese teacher, my Mandarin eventually reached the point where I could … guide my family around in China, chat with taxi drivers, haggle over prices, and sort out problems that came up."

\n

Ajibola returned with a mature command of the language, a clearer vision for the future, many genuine friends, countless memories, as well as 30 packs of Chinese-branded instant noodles, and a pile of refrigerator magnets.

\n

"The scholarship program is probably one of the best things that has ever happened to me," she added.

\n

Launched in 2023 by the UK charity Engage with China, in partnership with international schools in China, the scholarship program has enabled 34 British pupils to embark on a two-year journey to study A-levels in China.

\n

H-J Colston-Inge, director of Engage with China, said the aim of the program is to foster "China literacy" among British youths.

\n

It was in 2018 that she realized there was a major educational gap in UK schools, as knowledge of China was almost entirely absent from the classroom. "The UK curriculum contains virtually no content on China, despite its global importance," she said.

\n

Compared to short-term study programs, she said, the project aims to offer a fully immersive journey, one that allows pupils to truly experience, with their own eyes a country on the other side of the world that is culturally and socioeconomically, very different from what they are used to.

\n

Culture shocks can be striking. For Ajibola, the endless high-rise apartments instead of low houses, the "motorcycle army" dominating the roads, and the mosquito bites in the sweltering summer were all unusual for a British pupil. But as she put it: "If I had the chance to live it all again, I wouldn't change a thing."

\n

Zoe Capps, who has just completed her first-year scholarship in Hangzhou, the capital city of East China's Zhejiang province, said life in China, a place where "everything felt unfamiliar" at first but which has now become a "second home", has made her much more "mature".

\n

"I always used to say I'm very mature for my age, but I really wasn't," she said. "But now, I have a clear idea of what I want to do in the future. I know where I want to go, and I know what I need to do."

\n

Gaining global mindset

\n

The students have not only developed strong language skills that will give them greater competitiveness in future education and career paths, Colston-Inge said, but have also gained a global mindset and a sense of empathy, an understanding that the world can be vastly diverse.

\n

"No one typically sends their 16-year-old to study in China, so these students are bold, curious and globally-minded," she added. "In an era of geopolitical tension, initiatives like this can help shift perspectives and build better international relationships."

\n

"Life-changing" is how Colston-Inge often described the many refreshing China stories she has heard from the pupils, especially since many of the scholarship winners come from economically disadvantaged backgrounds.

\n

Yet in such an unprecedented and turbulent era, even just ordinary educational exchanges can hardly remain untouched by geopolitics.

\n

"It is more important than ever that, when there are difficulties, we push through," she said.

\n

"Children aren't interested in politics," she pointed out. "Well, maybe a little. But that is not what they want. They want to make friends. They want to play. They want to do music together, play sports and so on. That is what's important."

\n

For Capps, above all, it is also the friendships she has made during the first year that matter the most. "The people I've met here have become some of the most important things in my life."

\n

Soon, the third cohort of 10 teenagers will head to China, ready to begin an entirely new chapter in their lives.

\n

Colston-Inge, who studied Chinese at university and is now dedicated to passing on her enduring fascination with China to the next generation, quoted Laozi, a Chinese philosopher from the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC), "A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step."

\n

"Having 34 (scholarship winners) looks tiny, but just compare that with the 250,000 students coming from China to study in the UK, and that previously, very few children were going to China at the age of 16."

\n

At a reception hosted on Aug 12 by the Education Section of China's embassy in the UK, to welcome the scholarship winners, Zhao Fei, minister of China's embassy in the UK, said tomorrow's world needs builders of bridges between civilizations, especially in an era when challenges ranging from global health crises to climate change require collective effort.

\n

"Though our languages differ and customs vary, our aspirations for a better life and shared concerns for humanity's future resonate profoundly," he said.

\n

"This connection transcends borders, it is universal and it is shared."

\n

zhengwanyin@mail.chinadailyuk.com

\n

", @@ -3521,28 +3301,6 @@ "hash": "e349a063ca812525334e65d960589e0d", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "008LIFE - Rural farmhouse strikes enduring friendship across the Pacific Ocean", - "description": "

Zhang Jianhua (third right, front) poses for a group photo with John Flower (second left, front) and his students at Zhang's residence in Dechen county, Yunnan province, on July 26.

\n

The wooden structure from Yunnan known as the China Folk House in Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.

\n

KUNMING — At the foot of the Biluo Mountain in Southwest China's Yunnan province, a river rushes past vineyards and quiet villages, bearing witness to the friendship between an American scholar and a Chinese villager that has crossed the Pacific.

\n

Sporting brown hair and a graying beard, 62-year-old John Flower makes his way to an ethnic Bai-style residence, where he receives a warm welcome from its owner and longtime friend, Zhang Jianhua. They shake hands before settling into the courtyard to catch up for old times' sake.

\n

Their friendship began in the spring of 2016, when Flower, a history teacher and director of the Chinese Studies program at Sidwell Friends School, led a group of students to Cizhong village in Yunnan's Diqing Tibetan autonomous prefecture. "I invited them to my home for tea," Zhang recalls.

\n

Flower was struck by Zhang's wooden courtyard house, a rare fusion of Han, Tibetan, Naxi, and Bai ethnic architectural styles. When he learned the house was scheduled for dismantling, a bold idea began to take shape: to move the entire house to the United States.

\n

Zhang chuckled at what sounded like a daydream. "You can try," he said. "But I'm still living in it. Come back next year."

\n

A year later, Flower returned with a team of students. Working with local Bai carpenters, they documented, dismantled, and boxed the house piece by piece, creating a 3D model before shipping it across the Pacific. On the banks of the Shenandoah River in Jefferson, West Virginia, the house was reassembled.

\n

Over the years, the house has served as a classroom that gives American students and residents the chance to appreciate the craftsmanship of traditional Chinese homes and experience the rhythms of village life.

\n

Adding a new chapter to their story, Flower returned to Cizhong in July with more than 20 students. Many of them had helped rebuild the house in the United States, but this was their first time visiting Yunnan.

\n

In Zhang's new Bai-style home, about a kilometer from the original site of his old house, the two friends reunited in a sunlit courtyard where a stone carving of the Chinese character fu (blessing) stands at the center.

\n

The students took photos of the delicately carved woodwork, lifelike cat tiles perched on the roof ridge, and the Tibetan-style fire pit in the spacious courtyard, while enjoying sweet watermelons from Zhang's garden.

\n

"How is life now?" they ask. "Do you still farm?"

\n

"I'm not very educated," Zhang replies, slightly nervous to host so many young foreigners for the first time.

\n

"But life is much better now." He adds that besides farming, he raises 30 pigs and 30 chickens. His family now lives in a house four times the size of the old one, with extra rooms available for rent.

\n

"The old house carries our memories," he says with a grin. "But I'm very happy it is now well-cherished on the other side of the Pacific."

\n

Former village head Urgyen Tsering recalls issuing the official certificate authorizing the house's dismantling. "No one imagined Americans would one day come to see it," he says. "Even less did we expect the house to become a bridge for people-to-people exchange between China and the US."

\n

Flower's ties with China date back to the late 1970s when, as a philosophy student, he first encountered the Chinese language through The Analects of Confucius. The normalization of China-US relations at the time opened doors for cultural exchange. In 1991, he made his first trip to China.

\n

He later spent several years in rural Sichuan province with his wife, deepening his understanding of Chinese culture and developing a lasting interest in village life. In the past decade, he has led his students on experiential learning trips to rural Yunnan.

\n

Many students in Flower's group are part of a large-scale China-US youth exchange program aimed at fostering mutual understanding through cultural, educational, and travel experiences.

\n

China announced a plan to invite 50,000 American youth to visit and study in China in the next five years, hoping that through firsthand experience, they can discover the real China while contributing to China-US friendship.

\n

As Flower strolled through the village, he admired the cement roads that had replaced muddy tracks. Guesthouses and local wine businesses had sprung up, yet the buildings still reflected a harmonious blend of Han, Tibetan, Bai, and Naxi styles, now equipped with modern comforts.

\n

"Just like the people here, different ethnic groups live together peacefully," Flower says.

\n

Before leaving, he invited Zhang and his wife to West Virginia to see his old home. Zhang smiled and nodded, like he did eight years ago when he went along with that "wild" idea.

\n

", - "content": "

Zhang Jianhua (third right, front) poses for a group photo with John Flower (second left, front) and his students at Zhang's residence in Dechen county, Yunnan province, on July 26.

\n

The wooden structure from Yunnan known as the China Folk House in Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.

\n

KUNMING — At the foot of the Biluo Mountain in Southwest China's Yunnan province, a river rushes past vineyards and quiet villages, bearing witness to the friendship between an American scholar and a Chinese villager that has crossed the Pacific.

\n

Sporting brown hair and a graying beard, 62-year-old John Flower makes his way to an ethnic Bai-style residence, where he receives a warm welcome from its owner and longtime friend, Zhang Jianhua. They shake hands before settling into the courtyard to catch up for old times' sake.

\n

Their friendship began in the spring of 2016, when Flower, a history teacher and director of the Chinese Studies program at Sidwell Friends School, led a group of students to Cizhong village in Yunnan's Diqing Tibetan autonomous prefecture. "I invited them to my home for tea," Zhang recalls.

\n

Flower was struck by Zhang's wooden courtyard house, a rare fusion of Han, Tibetan, Naxi, and Bai ethnic architectural styles. When he learned the house was scheduled for dismantling, a bold idea began to take shape: to move the entire house to the United States.

\n

Zhang chuckled at what sounded like a daydream. "You can try," he said. "But I'm still living in it. Come back next year."

\n

A year later, Flower returned with a team of students. Working with local Bai carpenters, they documented, dismantled, and boxed the house piece by piece, creating a 3D model before shipping it across the Pacific. On the banks of the Shenandoah River in Jefferson, West Virginia, the house was reassembled.

\n

Over the years, the house has served as a classroom that gives American students and residents the chance to appreciate the craftsmanship of traditional Chinese homes and experience the rhythms of village life.

\n

Adding a new chapter to their story, Flower returned to Cizhong in July with more than 20 students. Many of them had helped rebuild the house in the United States, but this was their first time visiting Yunnan.

\n

In Zhang's new Bai-style home, about a kilometer from the original site of his old house, the two friends reunited in a sunlit courtyard where a stone carving of the Chinese character fu (blessing) stands at the center.

\n

The students took photos of the delicately carved woodwork, lifelike cat tiles perched on the roof ridge, and the Tibetan-style fire pit in the spacious courtyard, while enjoying sweet watermelons from Zhang's garden.

\n

"How is life now?" they ask. "Do you still farm?"

\n

"I'm not very educated," Zhang replies, slightly nervous to host so many young foreigners for the first time.

\n

"But life is much better now." He adds that besides farming, he raises 30 pigs and 30 chickens. His family now lives in a house four times the size of the old one, with extra rooms available for rent.

\n

"The old house carries our memories," he says with a grin. "But I'm very happy it is now well-cherished on the other side of the Pacific."

\n

Former village head Urgyen Tsering recalls issuing the official certificate authorizing the house's dismantling. "No one imagined Americans would one day come to see it," he says. "Even less did we expect the house to become a bridge for people-to-people exchange between China and the US."

\n

Flower's ties with China date back to the late 1970s when, as a philosophy student, he first encountered the Chinese language through The Analects of Confucius. The normalization of China-US relations at the time opened doors for cultural exchange. In 1991, he made his first trip to China.

\n

He later spent several years in rural Sichuan province with his wife, deepening his understanding of Chinese culture and developing a lasting interest in village life. In the past decade, he has led his students on experiential learning trips to rural Yunnan.

\n

Many students in Flower's group are part of a large-scale China-US youth exchange program aimed at fostering mutual understanding through cultural, educational, and travel experiences.

\n

China announced a plan to invite 50,000 American youth to visit and study in China in the next five years, hoping that through firsthand experience, they can discover the real China while contributing to China-US friendship.

\n

As Flower strolled through the village, he admired the cement roads that had replaced muddy tracks. Guesthouses and local wine businesses had sprung up, yet the buildings still reflected a harmonious blend of Han, Tibetan, Bai, and Naxi styles, now equipped with modern comforts.

\n

"Just like the people here, different ethnic groups live together peacefully," Flower says.

\n

Before leaving, he invited Zhang and his wife to West Virginia to see his old home. Zhang smiled and nodded, like he did eight years ago when he went along with that "wild" idea.

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/23/content_008_68a8e305ed50ccabe15180ce.htm#008LIFE", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Sat, 23 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "45b88af3d0f0ca3c85e3c1da271f52da", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "009LIFE - Famous Peking duck restaurant serves up a tasty treat in New York", "description": "
\n

The interior of Quanjude in New York with decorations from the previous French fine dining establishment La Grenouille.

\n

After Quanjude's first failed attempt to enter the US market in Los Angeles some decades ago, it's coming back with a location situated in the vibrant Midtown area of New York City. This time with a different franchise ownership and a Michelin star.

\n

Located in a historical three-story building, the restaurant occupies the former site of the French fine dining establishment La Grenouille, which iDen & Quanjude, a Quanjude franchise under the ownership of Andy Zhang, acquired for $14.3 million.

\n

Under the dim light from crystal wall lamps around the restaurant, there's plush red velvet seats, classic oil paintings and bouquets of fresh flowers.

\n

The general manager of iDen & Quanjude, Wayne Pan, says this location has been a legendary restaurant site in New York with more than 60 years of history that once welcomed icons like David Bowie, Frank Sinatra and Truman Capote. It holds a deep meaning in many New Yorkers' hearts, which is why the original decor from La Grenouille has been preserved.

\n

Quanjude is a restaurant chain established in 1864 to serve royalty from the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). It witnessed and weathered some of the most important historical events including the end of the monarchy in China, World War II, and the founding of the People's Republic of China.

\n

Over the past 150 years, its Peking duck has become a national icon, with over 100 locations in China. It was also visited by several US presidents including Richard Nixon, Jimmy Carter, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton and Barack Obama.

\n

On its return to the North America market in 2019, Quanjude franchise iDen & Quanjude opened its Vancouver location, which is still going strong. It is also the only Michelin-starred Chinese restaurant in Canada, and has received a Michelin star for three straight years.

\n

The food critic from the Michelin Guide said, "It has a pedigree that traces back to an original location in Beijing from 1864, but the latest outpost in Vancouver proves that this legacy hasn't lost any of its luster. Indeed, the gold-accented dining room is a feast for the eyes, blending classic opulence with strikingly modern design."

\n

According to Pan, the ducks they serve are from a farm in Pennsylvania and are high in fat. All the ducks are fresh and never frozen. "We have high standards on our ducks," Pan says. "They are all the same size, packed six ducks per case, with the duck hair carefully removed, and the skin kept completely intact and undamaged."

\n

Pan explains that after all the organs are removed, the ducks are rinsed with hot water. Then, a special in-house sauce is applied to enhance the flavor and give them a rich, brown color. Afterward, the ducks are placed in a special drying cabinet for at least two days, which ensures the skin will be extra crispy. The final step involves roasting the ducks in an oven, as fire roasting is prohibited in New York.

\n

Then the duck is ready to be served with leeks imported from China, cucumber from Tianjin, paired with sweet bean paste made in house with a recipe from Quanjude in Beijing and wrapped in paper-thin pancakes.

\n

Other than the iconic Peking duck, the New York menu features a selection of upscale dishes crafted with premium ingredients such as bird's nest, sea cucumber, fish maw, lobster and geoduck (clams).

\n

Currently, iDen & Quanjude in New York is in a soft opening as, Pan explains, the second and third floors of the restaurant are still being decorated.

\n

"I hope Chinese people can experience the taste of home here, because many of us from northern China feel so happy when we eat this duck. I want Chinese people to feel at home, and I also hope Americans can experience the rich culture of Chinese food," says Pan, who also expressed the hope to promote Chinese high-end cuisine.

\n

This is not the first attempt by a Chinese Peking duck restaurant chain to enter the US fine dining market. In 2017, Dadong, another renowned Peking duck chain from China, also ventured into Manhattan with a prime location near Bryant Park. However, Dadong closed its doors just over two years later.

\n

The reviews for the iDen & Quanjude New York location have been mixed. New York Post food critic Steve Cuozzo gave the compliment that, "The bird from Pennsylvania's Jurgielewicz farm was flavor-rich and winningly moist beneath its amber skin", and "the food is as grown-up as the vibe".

\n

However, it didn't really impress Beijing native Jill Wang, 39, a Peking duck enthusiast, who came after hearing about it on RedNote. She says, "It's too greasy, not crispy enough … I don't think the duck here reached the Quanjude (Beijing) standard."

\n

Jill Wang's companion, Wei Wang from Shenyang, adds, "I like the environment here. This place used to be a French restaurant and they kept the decoration."

\n

He mentions that he would also like to try out places in Flushing and Washington DC for Peking duck.

\n

The success of iDen & Quanjude in Canada can be attributed to several key factors: its innovative decor featuring traditional Chinese elements, direct endorsement by the Michelin Guide, Quanjude's unrivaled reputation for Peking duck worldwide and the significant Chinese population residing in Vancouver.

\n

Only time will tell if iDen & Quanjude will survive New York's cutthroat dining landscape.

\n

bilinlin@chinadailyusa.com

\n

", @@ -3565,28 +3323,6 @@ "hash": "f5b1e0688dd67563bc2654d65cfaa87d", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "010CULTURE - Wise friends: A tribute to East-West dialogue and exchange", - "description": "

The cultural collaboration between Italian missionary Matteo Ricci and Chinese scientist Xu Guangqi in the 17th century is celebrated in China, as seen in their sculptures in Beijing (top) and Shanghai (above).

\n

ROME — In the quiet hills of Italy's Marche region, the city of Macerata carries a legacy that extends far beyond its modest streets. It is the hometown of Italian missionary Matteo Ricci, one of the most influential cultural bridges between the East and the West in the 17th century.

\n

Today, Ricci's presence can be felt throughout the city. A map titled "Matteo Ricci Itinerary" guides visitors past landmarks bearing his name. At the heart of Macerata lies "Li Ma Dou" Square, named in Chinese pinyin to reflect Ricci's ties to China. Its centerpiece is the bronze sculpture Ricci and Xu Talk about the Way, which portrays Ricci alongside Chinese scientist Xu Guangqi.

\n

The statue shows Ricci in Confucian robes, his hand extended as if pointing toward a path, while Xu listens attentively. A plaque beneath describes them as "two wise men of the 17th century … pioneers of the fruitful encounter between Chinese and European civilizations".

\n

Created by Yang Dongbai of the Shanghai Institute of Visual Arts, the sculpture was unveiled in May as a gift from the Father Matteo Ricci International Foundation. "This work represents a vital cultural exchange between China and Italy, and I felt a deep sense of responsibility," Yang says.

\n

He explains that the artistic style incorporates elements of Chinese culture, aiming to capture the essence of friendship and dialogue.

\n

Ricci and Xu first met in China in the early 1600s. Their partnership, rooted in friendship with intellectual collaboration, led to the Chinese translation of Euclid's Elements and the introduction of Confucian texts to Europe.

\n

For Macerata, the unveiling of the sculpture adds to a series of memorials honoring Ricci's role in fostering cultural exchange.

\n

"Centuries ago, Ricci embraced Chinese culture. Today, the deep bond between our peoples remains strong," says Katiuscia Cassetta, councillor for culture of the Municipality of Macerata.

\n

In Shanghai, Xu's hometown, a corresponding sculpture stands in Guangqi Park. Since 2014, Macerata and Shanghai's Xuhui district have exchanged statues of Ricci and Xu, formalizing a gesture of cultural reciprocity.

\n

"Their friendship was built on equality, respect and mutual admiration. They set an example for today's exchanges between the two peoples," says Song Haojie, a scholar of Sino-Italian cultural exchange.

\n

Dario Grandoni, president of the Father Matteo Ricci International Foundation, highlights Ricci's enduring legacy of fostering mutual understanding.

\n

"Ricci was humble, respectful and deeply committed to understanding Chinese culture," he says.

\n

According to Grandoni, naming the square in Chinese pinyin is intended to make Chinese visitors feel welcome in Macerata, underscoring the square as a symbol of cultural integration.

\n

", - "content": "

The cultural collaboration between Italian missionary Matteo Ricci and Chinese scientist Xu Guangqi in the 17th century is celebrated in China, as seen in their sculptures in Beijing (top) and Shanghai (above).

\n

ROME — In the quiet hills of Italy's Marche region, the city of Macerata carries a legacy that extends far beyond its modest streets. It is the hometown of Italian missionary Matteo Ricci, one of the most influential cultural bridges between the East and the West in the 17th century.

\n

Today, Ricci's presence can be felt throughout the city. A map titled "Matteo Ricci Itinerary" guides visitors past landmarks bearing his name. At the heart of Macerata lies "Li Ma Dou" Square, named in Chinese pinyin to reflect Ricci's ties to China. Its centerpiece is the bronze sculpture Ricci and Xu Talk about the Way, which portrays Ricci alongside Chinese scientist Xu Guangqi.

\n

The statue shows Ricci in Confucian robes, his hand extended as if pointing toward a path, while Xu listens attentively. A plaque beneath describes them as "two wise men of the 17th century … pioneers of the fruitful encounter between Chinese and European civilizations".

\n

Created by Yang Dongbai of the Shanghai Institute of Visual Arts, the sculpture was unveiled in May as a gift from the Father Matteo Ricci International Foundation. "This work represents a vital cultural exchange between China and Italy, and I felt a deep sense of responsibility," Yang says.

\n

He explains that the artistic style incorporates elements of Chinese culture, aiming to capture the essence of friendship and dialogue.

\n

Ricci and Xu first met in China in the early 1600s. Their partnership, rooted in friendship with intellectual collaboration, led to the Chinese translation of Euclid's Elements and the introduction of Confucian texts to Europe.

\n

For Macerata, the unveiling of the sculpture adds to a series of memorials honoring Ricci's role in fostering cultural exchange.

\n

"Centuries ago, Ricci embraced Chinese culture. Today, the deep bond between our peoples remains strong," says Katiuscia Cassetta, councillor for culture of the Municipality of Macerata.

\n

In Shanghai, Xu's hometown, a corresponding sculpture stands in Guangqi Park. Since 2014, Macerata and Shanghai's Xuhui district have exchanged statues of Ricci and Xu, formalizing a gesture of cultural reciprocity.

\n

"Their friendship was built on equality, respect and mutual admiration. They set an example for today's exchanges between the two peoples," says Song Haojie, a scholar of Sino-Italian cultural exchange.

\n

Dario Grandoni, president of the Father Matteo Ricci International Foundation, highlights Ricci's enduring legacy of fostering mutual understanding.

\n

"Ricci was humble, respectful and deeply committed to understanding Chinese culture," he says.

\n

According to Grandoni, naming the square in Chinese pinyin is intended to make Chinese visitors feel welcome in Macerata, underscoring the square as a symbol of cultural integration.

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/23/content_010_68a8e316ed50ccabe15180d2.htm#010CULTURE", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Sat, 23 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "9f35c098e9334638dc6983cb96b324f0", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "011LIFE - Bi-city program bridges cultures, creativity, and communities", "description": "

Participants and officials take a photo after a dialogue on The Vision of Youth for the Future of Cultural Districts at the Palace Museum in Beijing.

\n

Students share ideas on digital storytelling, visitor engagement and cultural branding, drawing on their learning journey and internship experiences during the Bi-city Youth Cultural Leadership Program.

\n

Sixteen university students from Beijing and Hong Kong gathered at the Palace Museum on Tuesday, not just to tour its historic halls but to imagine the future of China's cultural districts.

\n

The discussion was a highlight of the ongoing Hong Kong Palace Museum's fourth Bi-city Youth Cultural Leadership Program.

\n

By promoting cultural development in both cities, the program aims to strengthen Hong Kong's position as an East-meets-West center for international cultural exchange.

\n

During the exchange, Wang Xudong, director of the Palace Museum, emphasized the Palace Museum's unwavering commitment to safeguarding China's cultural relics. He highlighted its role in advancing cultural heritage conservation through innovative strategies and international collaboration.

\n

Bringing fresh perspectives, the students shared ideas on digital storytelling, visitor engagement and cultural branding, drawing on their learning journey and internship experiences under the program in Hong Kong and Beijing.

\n

They stressed the importance of providing platforms to young local artists, integrating audience traffic across different venues within a cultural district, and creating inviting spaces that encourage longer visits. Their insights also included the need to bridge the gap between the districts and local grassroots communities, enhancing cultural exchange and community involvement.

\n

The students also visited the Sensory Experience Gallery of the Palace Museum, which they said deepened their understanding of cultural intellectual property, brand operations, and the development of cultural and creative products.

\n

"We are pleased to welcome students from the Bi-city Youth Cultural Leadership Program to the Palace Museum," Wang says.

\n

"This meaningful initiative offers young people a platform to explore the changing landscape of cultural institutions and apply their creativity to real-world challenges. Their participation brings fresh perspectives and energy into the future of cultural districts. We look forward to strengthening our partnership with the Hong Kong Palace Museum to jointly nurture cultural talents and advance our shared mission of Chinese culture," he adds.

\n

Louis Ng, director of the Hong Kong Palace Museum, says the program encourages students to envision the future of cultural districts through creativity, community, and innovation.

\n

"The program underscores our mission to nurture cultural leadership through cross-boundary collaboration and contribute to sustainable urban development. We are proud to see students exploring complex cultural questions and proposing thoughtful ideas that reflect both ambition and a grounded understanding of the opportunities and challenges shaping the cultural landscape across different cities," Ng says.

\n

Besides the Palace Museum visit, the Beijing stage of the program will enable students to participate in inspiring dialogues with industry experts, and a curated district city walk in Beijing.

\n

After Beijing, the students will conclude their cultural journey in Shanghai, where they will visit landmark developments and urban cultural hubs.

\n

Since its launch in 2022, the program has engaged nearly 150 students from Beijing and Hong Kong, aiming to inspire and nurture the next generation of cultural talent from Hong Kong and Beijing.

\n

yangfeiyue@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", @@ -3609,28 +3345,6 @@ "hash": "b151a6c72b0107c34835cf88a9a1899c", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "001FRONT - 60 YEARS OF PROGRESS MARKED", - "description": "

President Xi Jinping, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, attends a grand gathering on Thursday at the Potala Palace square in Lhasa, capital of the Xizang autonomous region, to mark the region's 60th founding anniversary.

\n

Residents at a mass parade during the grand gathering in Lhasa on Thursday.

\n

Thousands take part in the celebrations with the Potala Palace in the background.

\n

President Xi Jinping joined around 20,000 local officials and people from all ethnic groups and all walks of life in a grand gathering on Thursday at the Potala Palace square in Lhasa to mark the 60th founding anniversary of the Xizang autonomous region.

\n

Xi, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, arrived in the regional capital on Wednesday with a central delegation to attend the festivities.

\n

It was the first time in the history of the Party and the country that a leader attended such an event in the capacities of general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, Chinese president and chairman of the CMC.

\n

The gathering commenced at 10 am, with all attendees standing to sing the national anthem. The bright five-starred national flag was hoisted solemnly at the site.

\n

A congratulatory message from the CPC Central Committee, the National People's Congress Standing Committee, the State Council, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference National Committee and the CMC was read out.

\n

Wang Huning, chairman of the CPPCC National Committee and head of the central delegation, then presented a plaque bearing Xi's inscription, "Jointly building a community for the Chinese nation, writing a new chapter for a beautiful Xizang," as a congratulatory gift.

\n

Cai Qi, director of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee, was also present at the gathering.

\n

Addressing the event, Wang said the founding of the Xizang autonomous region in September 1965 marked an epoch-making event.

\n

Over the past six decades, Xizang has made significant strides in economic and social development, fully demonstrating the strong leadership of the CPC and the clear political strength of China's socialist system, he said.

\n

Wang said that since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, Xizang has entered its best period of development and made the most substantial progress, with people of all ethnic groups benefiting more than ever before.

\n

He emphasized that Xizang is an inalienable part of China, and its affairs are purely China's internal affairs, which brook no interference from external forces.

\n

Any attempt to split the motherland and undermine Xizang's stability is doomed to fail, he said.

\n

Wang also called for efforts to consolidate and develop ethnic solidarity, promote high-quality socioeconomic development, and continuously improve people's well-being to advance common prosperity in Xizang.

\n

Drolma Renzin, a 73-year-old Lhasa resident, gave a speech as a representative of the local people, saying that she still remembered how the news of the autonomous region's founding spread swiftly across the plateau.

\n

"Sixty years may be just a fleeting moment in the long river of history, but for the people of Xizang, it has been an epic of endeavor and transformation," she said.

\n

The ceremony concluded with a vibrant mass parade in an auspicious and festive atmosphere with music and dance. Twenty-six formations of floats, including seven representing Xizang's seven prefecture-level cities, and performers marched past in colorful costumes, expressing joy over their new lives and gratitude to the Party and the country. Xi and other leaders waved to the crowds.

\n

When the float from Shigatse passed, performers in traditional attire moved in the bold and vigorous steps of Gyashe, a traditional Tibetan dance, to the beat of drums and music, showcasing the unity and vitality of people living at the foot of Qomolangma, known as Mount Everest in the West.

\n

The audience waved their flags to cheer and show support for the prefecture, which had endured a magnitude 6.8 earthquake earlier this year.

\n

Meanwhile, in Zingkar village of Dingri county, one of the hardest-hit areas, residents watched the celebration from their new homes. Last week, the village, with 126 households, completed its resettlement with government support.

\n

"With the care of General Secretary Xi and help from the Party and government, all of our villagers have moved into new houses," said Nyima Tsering, the village head.

\n

"From here on, we will continue to build a better life with our own hands under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee."

\n

Xi left Xizang after attending the founding anniversary celebrations.

\n

Following Xi's instructions, the central delegation headed by Wang Huning will visit various parts of Xizang from Thursday to Saturday to extend greetings and support to people of all ethnic groups and sectors.

\n

Xi's entourage, including senior official Cai Qi, returned on the same flight.

\n

Contact the writers at mojingxi@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "content": "

President Xi Jinping, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, attends a grand gathering on Thursday at the Potala Palace square in Lhasa, capital of the Xizang autonomous region, to mark the region's 60th founding anniversary.

\n

Residents at a mass parade during the grand gathering in Lhasa on Thursday.

\n

Thousands take part in the celebrations with the Potala Palace in the background.

\n

President Xi Jinping joined around 20,000 local officials and people from all ethnic groups and all walks of life in a grand gathering on Thursday at the Potala Palace square in Lhasa to mark the 60th founding anniversary of the Xizang autonomous region.

\n

Xi, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, arrived in the regional capital on Wednesday with a central delegation to attend the festivities.

\n

It was the first time in the history of the Party and the country that a leader attended such an event in the capacities of general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, Chinese president and chairman of the CMC.

\n

The gathering commenced at 10 am, with all attendees standing to sing the national anthem. The bright five-starred national flag was hoisted solemnly at the site.

\n

A congratulatory message from the CPC Central Committee, the National People's Congress Standing Committee, the State Council, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference National Committee and the CMC was read out.

\n

Wang Huning, chairman of the CPPCC National Committee and head of the central delegation, then presented a plaque bearing Xi's inscription, "Jointly building a community for the Chinese nation, writing a new chapter for a beautiful Xizang," as a congratulatory gift.

\n

Cai Qi, director of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee, was also present at the gathering.

\n

Addressing the event, Wang said the founding of the Xizang autonomous region in September 1965 marked an epoch-making event.

\n

Over the past six decades, Xizang has made significant strides in economic and social development, fully demonstrating the strong leadership of the CPC and the clear political strength of China's socialist system, he said.

\n

Wang said that since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, Xizang has entered its best period of development and made the most substantial progress, with people of all ethnic groups benefiting more than ever before.

\n

He emphasized that Xizang is an inalienable part of China, and its affairs are purely China's internal affairs, which brook no interference from external forces.

\n

Any attempt to split the motherland and undermine Xizang's stability is doomed to fail, he said.

\n

Wang also called for efforts to consolidate and develop ethnic solidarity, promote high-quality socioeconomic development, and continuously improve people's well-being to advance common prosperity in Xizang.

\n

Drolma Renzin, a 73-year-old Lhasa resident, gave a speech as a representative of the local people, saying that she still remembered how the news of the autonomous region's founding spread swiftly across the plateau.

\n

"Sixty years may be just a fleeting moment in the long river of history, but for the people of Xizang, it has been an epic of endeavor and transformation," she said.

\n

The ceremony concluded with a vibrant mass parade in an auspicious and festive atmosphere with music and dance. Twenty-six formations of floats, including seven representing Xizang's seven prefecture-level cities, and performers marched past in colorful costumes, expressing joy over their new lives and gratitude to the Party and the country. Xi and other leaders waved to the crowds.

\n

When the float from Shigatse passed, performers in traditional attire moved in the bold and vigorous steps of Gyashe, a traditional Tibetan dance, to the beat of drums and music, showcasing the unity and vitality of people living at the foot of Qomolangma, known as Mount Everest in the West.

\n

The audience waved their flags to cheer and show support for the prefecture, which had endured a magnitude 6.8 earthquake earlier this year.

\n

Meanwhile, in Zingkar village of Dingri county, one of the hardest-hit areas, residents watched the celebration from their new homes. Last week, the village, with 126 households, completed its resettlement with government support.

\n

"With the care of General Secretary Xi and help from the Party and government, all of our villagers have moved into new houses," said Nyima Tsering, the village head.

\n

"From here on, we will continue to build a better life with our own hands under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee."

\n

Xi left Xizang after attending the founding anniversary celebrations.

\n

Following Xi's instructions, the central delegation headed by Wang Huning will visit various parts of Xizang from Thursday to Saturday to extend greetings and support to people of all ethnic groups and sectors.

\n

Xi's entourage, including senior official Cai Qi, returned on the same flight.

\n

Contact the writers at mojingxi@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/22/content_001_68a7936bed50ccabe1517f3d.htm#001FRONT", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Fri, 22 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "5f223ab886843cec69b461c81988e240", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "001FRONT - XIZANG BORDER TOWNSHIP THRIVES THANKS TO ADVANCEMENTS, PATRIOTISM", "description": "

Online See more by scanning the code.

\n

Yangzom (left) and her sister Zhoigar are given a national flag that flew on Kaishan Island, an outpost in the Yellow Sea by national role model Wang Shihua (right) in 2019.

\n

The two sisters pay their respects to their father.

\n

Zhoigar holds her grandson and talks to her daughter via a WeChat call on Oct 15 in Yulmed.

\n

The owner of a convenience store arranges the goods on a shelf.

\n

Tourists admire the beautiful scenery of Yulmed from the roadside in Shannan, Xizang autonomous region in 2023.

\n

Wei Xin, a representative of the Hunan aid team, presents Children's Day gifts to students at the primary school in Yulmed on June 1, 2022.

\n

Pan Long (left), a doctor from Chuzhou, Anhui province, provides medical checkups to a Tibetan resident in Yulmed on July 20, 2020.

\n

When Pasang Tsering took a teaching job at the school in Yulmed, Xizang autonomous region, in 2007, he was warned by many people that the living conditions in the township located in the southern foothills of the Himalayas were very tough.

\n

But he was still surprised by the reality of everyday life in what was once the least-populated township in China.

\n

"Surrounded by mountains on three sides at an average altitude of more than 5,000 meters, it took me about four days to get to the township from the county seat of Lhunze due to the poor condition of the road," Pasang Tsering said. "I literally had to traverse steep slopes and rugged paths on foot to get to Yulmed. I will never forget that trip."

\n

With an unstable electricity supply from a small hydropower station, even watching TV was a luxury back then. In Yulmed, located in the remote area near the China-India border, communication with the outside world was often cut off, he added.

\n

But things are completely different today. A three-person township decades ago, it is now home to over 200 people and oversees two villages. Pasang Tsering has become the Party chief of one village, also called Yulmed.

\n

With improved infrastructure, such as roads and telecommunications, the locals can access the latest information via social media and have online orders delivered to their doorstep, just like people in Beijing, Pasang Tsering said proudly.

\n

"If a place like Yulmed can thrive so much in less than two decades, the development of Xizang as a whole is even more extraordinary," he said.

\n

People have to get through two mountain passes at an altitude above 5,000 meters to get to Yulmed from Lhunze, Shannan city. Besides the stunning view of the snow-capped mountains and grand valleys, the 10-kilovolt power transmission line extended by the State Grid to Yulmed in 2019 along the well-paved road is also hard to miss.

\n

The reconstruction of a 50-kilometer paved road connecting Yulmed to a neighboring township was completed in the same year with investment of over 500 million yuan ($69.67 million) by the state, which stopped it being snowbound every year.

\n

"Before the reconstruction of the road, Yulmed would become inaccessible to vehicles when it started to snow in October, until at least the following June. The widened and hardened road has fundamentally changed people's life," Pasang Tsering said.

\n

Since 2018, Yulmed has built itself into a prosperous border township with steel-framed houses, an electricity grid, roads, a 5G network, medical care and financial services facilities.

\n

"As life in Yulmed has become more convenient than ever, more young people are willing to come and run businesses including shops, restaurants, family inns and teahouses," he said. "The children can also receive good education via online courses, which is something I wouldn't even dare to dream about when I was a teacher."

\n

Family patrols

\n

Tenzin Samdrup came to Yulmed about 10 years ago, married and had children. The couple run a courier business, which has become increasingly busy.

\n

Delivery services can now reach Yulmed after roads were improved, and it's very convenient for residents to buy things online. In the past, people had to travel for days to buy daily necessities from nearby townships, Tenzin Samdrup, 31, said.

\n

"Nowadays, there are hundreds of express parcels arriving in Yulmed every day. More and more people are shopping online. It's quite something considering how remote Yulmed is."

\n

With improved infrastructure, tourism is also booming, especially between June and September. By the end of 2024, a total of 55 families in the township had set up homestays to accommodate tourists.

\n

Rinchen Phuntsog, the township head, said a tourist service and reception center has been built and is expected to begin operating by the end of this year. "It will be helpful to attract tourists and increase the income of our village collective."

\n

Although the population in Yulmed has continued to grow, between 1964 and 1996 only three people lived in the township — Yangzom, her sister Zhoigar, and their father Sangye Chopa, the former township head.

\n

The family was determined to protect a total of 3,644 square kilometers of township land on the border between China and India.

\n

Yangzom, 62, began patrolling the border with her father when she was 16 years old. He passed away in 2001, but he instilled in her the attitude that protecting the land beneath your feet is to protect your country, she said. Their old residence has been turned into a museum that faithfully recreates the former poor living conditions of the family.

\n

"Many people moved away because life in Yulmed was too tough to endure back then," Yangzom said.

\n

"I asked my father why we must stay. He said if people all moved away, the land beneath would be lost, which is something he wouldn't allow. They were his exact words," she said.

\n

Father's legacy

\n

Zhoigar married a herdsman named Pasang who took on the family responsibility of patrolling the border while also herding his yaks. From the outset, he upheld the traditions established by his wife's father.

\n

"We wanted people to see that there are Chinese people guarding the border. We all do it from our heart and proudly," he said. "As shown to us by Sangye Chopa, we put the Chinese national flag at key intersections near the border to show our presence, which is very important.

\n

"We had to make those flags all by ourselves. Even the red cloth for the flags was hard to source back then, so they were the most valuable things," said Pasang.

\n

A giant slogan in red on a hillside that reads our "Home is Yulmed, country is China" once uttered by Sangye Chopa, is now the most famous landmark in the township.

\n

"Everyone in the village knows the family and its story. Those words still represent the spirit of the Yulmed people," Pasang Tsering, the teacher, said.

\n

Since setting foot in Yulmed, Pasang Tsering has also been taking border patrol trips regularly in the mountains lasting three to five days.

\n

The family's legacy has become well known in China after President Xi Jinping replied to the letter they wrote to him in 2017 introducing Yulmed.

\n

Xi, who is also general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and chairman of the Central Military Commission, acknowledged the family's efforts to safeguard the territory, and thanked them for the loyalty and contributions they have made in the border area.

\n

"Without the peace in the territory, there will be no peaceful lives for the millions of families," Xi wrote.

\n

Xi also expressed his hope that the family would motivate more people to set down roots in the border area and become guardians of the Chinese territory and constructors of a happy hometown.

\n

In 2021, Zhoigar was awarded the July 1 Medal, the highest honor in the Party established by the CPC Central Committee, for her decades-long guarding of the country's territory.

\n

Since 2018, Xizang has launched a campaign to develop its 624 villages along the 4,000-kilometer border with India, Nepal, Myanmar and Bhutan, which is of great significance to the long-term peace of the region and China's sovereignty.

\n

The region has ramped up policy support for the project, sped up construction in those border areas, and made extensive efforts to improve the livelihoods of residents living there.

\n

Nowadays, the border villages in Xizang have been provided with paved roads, while all the border townships in the region are now connected to power networks and mobile internet services.

\n

Furthermore, local people's access to safe drinking water has been guaranteed, and public facilities have been further improved to make sure local residents can enjoy education and medical care. Specialty industries have also been developed in the region's border areas to promote prosperity for rural residents.

\n

Yangzom now mainly runs a homestay and takes care of her naughty grandson who she believes spends too much time watching cartoons on an electronic tablet.

\n

"I am sure my father would be very happy to see how Yulmed has been developed and transformed," she said, "and I have nothing to worry about now since the younger generation of villagers can have a good life here."

\n

"More importantly, they all understand the importance of protecting the homeland, just like we do," she said.

\n

cuijia@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", @@ -3653,28 +3367,6 @@ "hash": "67368c6129305200a5e671343738cc1f", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "004CHINA - Wings and waves", - "description": "

Tourists ride a speedboat through the waves as dozens of professionally trained wild geese soar gracefully alongside in Shendu town, Huangshan, Anhui province, on Wednesday. This picturesque scene of birds and the boat against clear waters paints a vivid picture of harmony between humans and nature.

\n

", - "content": "

Tourists ride a speedboat through the waves as dozens of professionally trained wild geese soar gracefully alongside in Shendu town, Huangshan, Anhui province, on Wednesday. This picturesque scene of birds and the boat against clear waters paints a vivid picture of harmony between humans and nature.

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/22/content_004_68a79386ed50ccabe1517f44.htm#004CHINA", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Fri, 22 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "ab6af2b9fb5571e94a4814362ddc5697", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "004CHINA - Complex surgery saves man with rare injury", "description": "

Doctors in Shanghai have successfully performed an ultra-complex surgery on a man with a severe neck injury akin to an "internal decapitation" after he was struck by a mechanical arm, saving his life.

\n

The 55-year-old patient, surnamed Li, suffered a rare and severe cervical vertebra fracture and dislocation. He underwent reduction and fixation surgery at Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and was discharged in July. Upon release, he was able to move his shoulders and lift his wrists, doctors said.

\n

The accident occurred on May 31 in Changshu, a city in neighboring Jiangsu province, when Li was hit from above by a mechanical arm. The blow caused catastrophic damage to his cervical spine. He immediately suffered high-level paralysis and cardiac arrest at the scene. His weak vital signs were restored only after receiving CPR.

\n

On June 3, Li was transferred to Shanghai Changzheng Hospital. Imaging showed an extremely rare and extensive cervical dislocation, with a severe spinal cord contusion and tearing of critical nerve and vascular structures.

\n

The patient was at a high risk of severe bleeding and vertebral artery injury, potentially causing shock or a fatal stroke. A massive hematoma had formed at the site, causing dangerous drops in blood pressure. He relied on high doses of vasoactive drugs to maintain circulation.

\n

Doctors said any attempt at surgery carried enormous risks, including uncontrollable bleeding, vertebral artery damage and severe cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Many of the challenges had no precedent in medical literature.

\n

Chen Huajiang, deputy director of orthopedics at the hospital, described the case as the most dangerous of his decades-long career.

\n

"My colleagues and I reviewed extensive medical literature, but found no precedent for such a severe cervical separation case, let alone a successful treatment that allowed the sufferer to survive," said Chen, who also heads the hospital's cervical spine surgery unit.

\n

"Various challenges during the surgery were undoubtedly unprecedented and could have potentially led to situations that are hard to manage. However, the certainty of no recovery without surgery left no other option," he said, adding that the determination of the patient's family motivated the medical team to proceed.

\n

The surgery took place on June 18. Using advanced microsurgical techniques, the team removed the hematoma, overcame severe adhesions and deformities, and precisely realigned the severed cervical structures.

\n

Chen said the team also applied an innovative "satellite plate" fixation technique — adding auxiliary plates to the conventional method — to provide extra stability. It was the first use of the technique in such an extreme case.

\n

Before surgery, the team carried out a comprehensive evaluation of the injuries and drafted detailed contingency plans for possible complications such as circulatory collapse. The operation concluded within three hours without any major incidents.

\n

Afterward, Li's condition steadily improved. After he regained consciousness, his vital signs stabilized and the tracheal tube was removed. He was able to sit up with assistance, showing signs of neurological recovery.

\n

Li was discharged on July 9 and is now in rehabilitation to restore upper limb function.

\n

The case has drawn wide attention in China's spinal surgery community, with experts praising the hospital's handling of the unprecedented challenge.

\n

"Our team aims to continue expanding the frontiers of cervical spine surgery and challenging the limits of technology, offering hope to more patients facing life-threatening conditions," Chen said.

\n

zhouwenting@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", @@ -3697,28 +3389,6 @@ "hash": "7f125b33a3d1edfc50e56e2ff612c9ba", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "004CHINA - 60 YEARS OF PROGRESS MARKED", - "description": "

President Xi Jinping, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, attends a grand gathering on Thursday at the Potala Palace square in Lhasa, capital of the Xizang autonomous region, to mark the region's 60th founding anniversary.

\n

Residents at a mass parade during the grand gathering in Lhasa on Thursday.

\n

Thousands take part in the celebrations with the Potala Palace in the background.

\n

President Xi Jinping joined around 20,000 local officials and people from all ethnic groups and all walks of life in a grand gathering on Thursday at the Potala Palace square in Lhasa to mark the 60th founding anniversary of the Xizang autonomous region.

\n

Xi, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, arrived in the regional capital on Wednesday with a central delegation to attend the festivities.

\n

It was the first time in the history of the Party and the country that a leader attended such an event in the capacities of general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, Chinese president and chairman of the CMC.

\n

The gathering commenced at 10 am, with all attendees standing to sing the national anthem. The bright five-starred national flag was hoisted solemnly at the site.

\n

A congratulatory message from the CPC Central Committee, the National People's Congress Standing Committee, the State Council, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference National Committee and the CMC was read out.

\n

Wang Huning, chairman of the CPPCC National Committee and head of the central delegation, then presented a plaque bearing Xi's inscription, "Jointly building a community for the Chinese nation, writing a new chapter for a beautiful Xizang," as a congratulatory gift.

\n

Cai Qi, director of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee, was also present at the gathering.

\n

Addressing the event, Wang said the founding of the Xizang autonomous region in September 1965 marked an epoch-making event.

\n

Over the past six decades, Xizang has made significant strides in economic and social development, fully demonstrating the strong leadership of the CPC and the clear political strength of China's socialist system, he said.

\n

Wang said that since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, Xizang has entered its best period of development and made the most substantial progress, with people of all ethnic groups benefiting more than ever before.

\n

He emphasized that Xizang is an inalienable part of China, and its affairs are purely China's internal affairs, which brook no interference from external forces.

\n

Any attempt to split the motherland and undermine Xizang's stability is doomed to fail, he said.

\n

Wang also called for efforts to consolidate and develop ethnic solidarity, promote high-quality socioeconomic development, and continuously improve people's well-being to advance common prosperity in Xizang.

\n

Drolma Renzin, a 73-year-old Lhasa resident, gave a speech as a representative of the local people, saying that she still remembered how the news of the autonomous region's founding spread swiftly across the plateau.

\n

"Sixty years may be just a fleeting moment in the long river of history, but for the people of Xizang, it has been an epic of endeavor and transformation," she said.

\n

The ceremony concluded with a vibrant mass parade in an auspicious and festive atmosphere with music and dance. Twenty-six formations of floats, including seven representing Xizang's seven prefecture-level cities, and performers marched past in colorful costumes, expressing joy over their new lives and gratitude to the Party and the country. Xi and other leaders waved to the crowds.

\n

When the float from Shigatse passed, performers in traditional attire moved in the bold and vigorous steps of Gyashe, a traditional Tibetan dance, to the beat of drums and music, showcasing the unity and vitality of people living at the foot of Qomolangma, known as Mount Everest in the West.

\n

The audience waved their flags to cheer and show support for the prefecture, which had endured a magnitude 6.8 earthquake earlier this year.

\n

Meanwhile, in Zingkar village of Dingri county, one of the hardest-hit areas, residents watched the celebration from their new homes. Last week, the village, with 126 households, completed its resettlement with government support.

\n

"With the care of General Secretary Xi and help from the Party and government, all of our villagers have moved into new houses," said Nyima Tsering, the village head.

\n

"From here on, we will continue to build a better life with our own hands under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee."

\n

Xi left Xizang after attending the founding anniversary celebrations.

\n

Following Xi's instructions, the central delegation headed by Wang Huning will visit various parts of Xizang from Thursday to Saturday to extend greetings and support to people of all ethnic groups and sectors.

\n

Xi's entourage, including senior official Cai Qi, returned on the same flight.

\n

Contact the writers at mojingxi@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "content": "

President Xi Jinping, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, attends a grand gathering on Thursday at the Potala Palace square in Lhasa, capital of the Xizang autonomous region, to mark the region's 60th founding anniversary.

\n

Residents at a mass parade during the grand gathering in Lhasa on Thursday.

\n

Thousands take part in the celebrations with the Potala Palace in the background.

\n

President Xi Jinping joined around 20,000 local officials and people from all ethnic groups and all walks of life in a grand gathering on Thursday at the Potala Palace square in Lhasa to mark the 60th founding anniversary of the Xizang autonomous region.

\n

Xi, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, arrived in the regional capital on Wednesday with a central delegation to attend the festivities.

\n

It was the first time in the history of the Party and the country that a leader attended such an event in the capacities of general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, Chinese president and chairman of the CMC.

\n

The gathering commenced at 10 am, with all attendees standing to sing the national anthem. The bright five-starred national flag was hoisted solemnly at the site.

\n

A congratulatory message from the CPC Central Committee, the National People's Congress Standing Committee, the State Council, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference National Committee and the CMC was read out.

\n

Wang Huning, chairman of the CPPCC National Committee and head of the central delegation, then presented a plaque bearing Xi's inscription, "Jointly building a community for the Chinese nation, writing a new chapter for a beautiful Xizang," as a congratulatory gift.

\n

Cai Qi, director of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee, was also present at the gathering.

\n

Addressing the event, Wang said the founding of the Xizang autonomous region in September 1965 marked an epoch-making event.

\n

Over the past six decades, Xizang has made significant strides in economic and social development, fully demonstrating the strong leadership of the CPC and the clear political strength of China's socialist system, he said.

\n

Wang said that since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, Xizang has entered its best period of development and made the most substantial progress, with people of all ethnic groups benefiting more than ever before.

\n

He emphasized that Xizang is an inalienable part of China, and its affairs are purely China's internal affairs, which brook no interference from external forces.

\n

Any attempt to split the motherland and undermine Xizang's stability is doomed to fail, he said.

\n

Wang also called for efforts to consolidate and develop ethnic solidarity, promote high-quality socioeconomic development, and continuously improve people's well-being to advance common prosperity in Xizang.

\n

Drolma Renzin, a 73-year-old Lhasa resident, gave a speech as a representative of the local people, saying that she still remembered how the news of the autonomous region's founding spread swiftly across the plateau.

\n

"Sixty years may be just a fleeting moment in the long river of history, but for the people of Xizang, it has been an epic of endeavor and transformation," she said.

\n

The ceremony concluded with a vibrant mass parade in an auspicious and festive atmosphere with music and dance. Twenty-six formations of floats, including seven representing Xizang's seven prefecture-level cities, and performers marched past in colorful costumes, expressing joy over their new lives and gratitude to the Party and the country. Xi and other leaders waved to the crowds.

\n

When the float from Shigatse passed, performers in traditional attire moved in the bold and vigorous steps of Gyashe, a traditional Tibetan dance, to the beat of drums and music, showcasing the unity and vitality of people living at the foot of Qomolangma, known as Mount Everest in the West.

\n

The audience waved their flags to cheer and show support for the prefecture, which had endured a magnitude 6.8 earthquake earlier this year.

\n

Meanwhile, in Zingkar village of Dingri county, one of the hardest-hit areas, residents watched the celebration from their new homes. Last week, the village, with 126 households, completed its resettlement with government support.

\n

"With the care of General Secretary Xi and help from the Party and government, all of our villagers have moved into new houses," said Nyima Tsering, the village head.

\n

"From here on, we will continue to build a better life with our own hands under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee."

\n

Xi left Xizang after attending the founding anniversary celebrations.

\n

Following Xi's instructions, the central delegation headed by Wang Huning will visit various parts of Xizang from Thursday to Saturday to extend greetings and support to people of all ethnic groups and sectors.

\n

Xi's entourage, including senior official Cai Qi, returned on the same flight.

\n

Contact the writers at mojingxi@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/22/content_004_68a79390ed50ccabe1517f48.htm#004CHINA", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Fri, 22 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "fa514b33faa884451b9db0670e9f962e", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "005CHINA - Tajik geologist finds home in border region", "description": "
\n

Dzhovid Yogibekov delivers a speech on anti-desertification at a symposium held by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

\n

For nearly 10 years, Tajik geologist Dzhovid Yogibekov has made his life in Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, where his studies have grown into a deep connection with local society.

\n

In 2016, at the suggestion of his professor in Tajikistan, Yogibekov applied to study for a master's degree in geology at the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, part of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It was his first time setting foot in the region.

\n

Xinjiang, which borders Tajikistan, is easily accessible from his home country. Yogibekov said he could reach Tajikistan in just a few hours via the Karasu Port in Kashgar, which makes it more convenient for him to study in the region.

\n

After completing his master's degree, Yogibekov decided to remain in Xinjiang to pursue a doctorate.

\n

"There is no restriction to study, the experiment facilities are well-equipped and the research team is well-organized," he said.

\n

Since 2016, he has witnessed rapid urban growth and technological advances, particularly in the fight against desertification.

\n

"One of the main aspects that surprised me was how fast China is developing and how people are devoting themselves to the popularization of science, technology and the landscaping of desert regions," he said.

\n

He credited these efforts with helping control sandstorms and improve air quality, which in turn has created better living conditions.

\n

Yogibekov noted that international students and teachers are increasingly coming to Xinjiang to share knowledge, further enriching the academic environment.

\n

Outside of research, he took part in tree-planting efforts in Urumqi for three years.

\n

"I was amazed by the way people are afforesting deserts," he said, emphasizing that ecological transformation requires a multidisciplinary approach, including geology.

\n

He pointed to China's "Great Green Wall" — the Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program designed to slow the Gobi Desert's expansion — as a model that could benefit other countries, including Tajikistan.

\n

Yogibekov's life in Xinjiang has also been shaped by cultural ties. While Tajikistan's Persian-Tajik language and traditions differ from those of Uygur and Han communities, he has connected closely with Xinjiang's ethnic Tajik population.

\n

"Their languages are identical to those of Tajikistan's Pamir region, and their dress and dance styles are exactly the same," he said.

\n

China is making efforts to preserve the cultures of all its ethnic groups, he added.

\n

Yogibekov said he sees himself as a bridge between China and Tajikistan.

\n

"Student exchanges are key to mutual understanding," he said.

\n

Despite differences among countries and ethnicities," human nature is the same," he said, adding that learning local languages and cultures is vital to reducing misunderstandings.

\n

", @@ -3741,28 +3411,6 @@ "hash": "26e3d1d8fa251f8160c3591613529a1c", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "007CHINA - Master of Zhangshu TCM works to pass on legacy", - "description": "

Yuan Xiaoping (left) demonstrates how thin he can cut traditional Chinese herbs into pieces at Tianqitang pharmacy in Zhangshu, Jiangxi province.

\n

Each morning, the soft sound of slicing fills the air at a processing workshop in Zhangshu, Jiangxi province.

\n

Yuan Xiaoping, 69, stands by his workbench, skillfully slicing white peony root into translucent pieces. The technique may seem effortless, but it is the result of more than 50 years of disciplined practice.

\n

Yuan is a nationally recognized inheritor of the Zhangshu traditional Chinese medicine processing technique, a form of craftsmanship designated as national intangible cultural heritage in 2018.

\n

For over 1,800 years, Zhangshu — known as China's medicine capital — has perfected the art of traditional herb processing, transforming raw plants into precise medicine.

\n

This craft, known as Zhangbang techniques, relies on four signature tools: razor-sharp knives for paper-thin slicing, copper pots for controlled heating, mineral-rich local water, and secret methods passed from master to apprentice.

\n

Born into a family with a tradition in Chinese medicine, Yuan began working as an apprentice at the old Tianqitang pharmacy at the age of 16.

\n

He later studied under master craftsman Yu Shouxiang, known locally as the "First Blade of Zhangshu", who was renowned for his expertise in medicinal cutting.

\n

Yuan dedicated decades to mastering core skills of the craft, including specialized methods such as wine-steaming and honey-frying.

\n

For him, the heart of the craft lies in two skills: cutting and processing.

\n

"Whether stir-frying, soaking, steaming, or curing — even drying, sun-baking, slicing, or storing — every step demands precision. But it's the knife work that truly stands out: each slice cut to perfect thickness, almost like art.

\n

"Processing is not just about preparing herbs," Yuan said.

\n

"It demands reverence for the innate properties of medicinal materials and the application of precise methods to unlock their therapeutic value."

\n

In 2002, Yuan Xiaoping founded the Tianqitang Decoction Pieces Company, integrating TCM processing techniques with standardized modern production protocols. That same year, he established a dedicated training workshop to cultivate the next generation of TCM technicians.

\n

By creating the company and cultivation bases, Yuan has built a complete industrial chain — from herbal cultivation and harvesting to processing, production, and sales of TCM decoction pieces.

\n

By the end of 2024, Tianqitang Decoction Pieces reported annual revenue of 323 million yuan, driving a big growth in Zhangshu's traditional medicine industry.

\n

To sustain the tradition, Yuan organizes regular skills competitions and invites retired master workers to teach apprentices on-site. Nearly 40 percent of his technicians are under the age of 25.

\n

"Young people can carry the tradition forward if given the chance," he said. His students include Zhu Fulin and Liu Honglian, who now take on leadership roles themselves.

\n

Yuan's efforts are supported by local government initiatives.

\n

Zhangshu has introduced subsidy programs for certified heritage bearers and their apprentices. Yuan himself was named a TCM processing master of Jiangxi province, and his workshop was designated as a provincial intangible cultural heritage studio.

\n

In addition to training, Yuan has partnered with vocational colleges to build hands-on training centers in recent years.

\n

Students in TCM programs now visit regularly to learn slicing, roasting, and pill-making techniques in a real production environment. He has also contributed to the drafting of technical manuals and participated in regional research projects aimed at systematizing traditional practices.

\n

Despite modern production technologies, Yuan believes many essential steps remain dependent on experience.

\n

"Machines can cut, but they can't read the color, smell or texture of herbs," he said.

\n

His workshop has slowly become a space for education, exchange, and even tourism, attracting visitors — including students, researchers and herbal medicine retailers — who are curious about a tradition that continues to inform modern pharmaceutical practices.

\n

So far, Yuan has conducted 23 consecutive training workshops for specialized TCM technicians, educating over 1,500 practitioners.

\n

"Some techniques are simple in appearance, but they require years of repetition to do well," Yuan said. "And only when passed down can they truly stay alive."

\n

zhaoruinan@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "content": "

Yuan Xiaoping (left) demonstrates how thin he can cut traditional Chinese herbs into pieces at Tianqitang pharmacy in Zhangshu, Jiangxi province.

\n

Each morning, the soft sound of slicing fills the air at a processing workshop in Zhangshu, Jiangxi province.

\n

Yuan Xiaoping, 69, stands by his workbench, skillfully slicing white peony root into translucent pieces. The technique may seem effortless, but it is the result of more than 50 years of disciplined practice.

\n

Yuan is a nationally recognized inheritor of the Zhangshu traditional Chinese medicine processing technique, a form of craftsmanship designated as national intangible cultural heritage in 2018.

\n

For over 1,800 years, Zhangshu — known as China's medicine capital — has perfected the art of traditional herb processing, transforming raw plants into precise medicine.

\n

This craft, known as Zhangbang techniques, relies on four signature tools: razor-sharp knives for paper-thin slicing, copper pots for controlled heating, mineral-rich local water, and secret methods passed from master to apprentice.

\n

Born into a family with a tradition in Chinese medicine, Yuan began working as an apprentice at the old Tianqitang pharmacy at the age of 16.

\n

He later studied under master craftsman Yu Shouxiang, known locally as the "First Blade of Zhangshu", who was renowned for his expertise in medicinal cutting.

\n

Yuan dedicated decades to mastering core skills of the craft, including specialized methods such as wine-steaming and honey-frying.

\n

For him, the heart of the craft lies in two skills: cutting and processing.

\n

"Whether stir-frying, soaking, steaming, or curing — even drying, sun-baking, slicing, or storing — every step demands precision. But it's the knife work that truly stands out: each slice cut to perfect thickness, almost like art.

\n

"Processing is not just about preparing herbs," Yuan said.

\n

"It demands reverence for the innate properties of medicinal materials and the application of precise methods to unlock their therapeutic value."

\n

In 2002, Yuan Xiaoping founded the Tianqitang Decoction Pieces Company, integrating TCM processing techniques with standardized modern production protocols. That same year, he established a dedicated training workshop to cultivate the next generation of TCM technicians.

\n

By creating the company and cultivation bases, Yuan has built a complete industrial chain — from herbal cultivation and harvesting to processing, production, and sales of TCM decoction pieces.

\n

By the end of 2024, Tianqitang Decoction Pieces reported annual revenue of 323 million yuan, driving a big growth in Zhangshu's traditional medicine industry.

\n

To sustain the tradition, Yuan organizes regular skills competitions and invites retired master workers to teach apprentices on-site. Nearly 40 percent of his technicians are under the age of 25.

\n

"Young people can carry the tradition forward if given the chance," he said. His students include Zhu Fulin and Liu Honglian, who now take on leadership roles themselves.

\n

Yuan's efforts are supported by local government initiatives.

\n

Zhangshu has introduced subsidy programs for certified heritage bearers and their apprentices. Yuan himself was named a TCM processing master of Jiangxi province, and his workshop was designated as a provincial intangible cultural heritage studio.

\n

In addition to training, Yuan has partnered with vocational colleges to build hands-on training centers in recent years.

\n

Students in TCM programs now visit regularly to learn slicing, roasting, and pill-making techniques in a real production environment. He has also contributed to the drafting of technical manuals and participated in regional research projects aimed at systematizing traditional practices.

\n

Despite modern production technologies, Yuan believes many essential steps remain dependent on experience.

\n

"Machines can cut, but they can't read the color, smell or texture of herbs," he said.

\n

His workshop has slowly become a space for education, exchange, and even tourism, attracting visitors — including students, researchers and herbal medicine retailers — who are curious about a tradition that continues to inform modern pharmaceutical practices.

\n

So far, Yuan has conducted 23 consecutive training workshops for specialized TCM technicians, educating over 1,500 practitioners.

\n

"Some techniques are simple in appearance, but they require years of repetition to do well," Yuan said. "And only when passed down can they truly stay alive."

\n

zhaoruinan@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/22/content_007_68a793aeed50ccabe1517f4f.htm#007CHINA", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Fri, 22 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "aea2f723396e9d31cde0f88c2f39f6f2", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "008COMMENT - Autonomous region's 60th anniversary starts new chapter for beautiful Xizang", "description": "

Fully demonstrating the effectiveness of the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China and the strengths of China's socialist system, people of all ethnic groups in the Xizang autonomous region have benefited more than ever before from development since the 18th National Congress of the CPC in 2012. The new development philosophy that was adopted and has been enriched ever since enabled Xizang, along with the rest of the country, to win the battle to eradicate extreme poverty and realize a moderately prosperous society in all respects in the new era.

\n

This was the culmination of decades of dedicated efforts to promote the autonomous region's development after its establishment in 1965. Between that year and 2024, the central government invested a total of 2.6 trillion yuan ($362.3 billion) in Xizang. A further 64.3 billion yuan was invested in the region since the 1990s through the paired-up assistance system in which 17 provinces and municipalities, central enterprises, and central financial institutions provide targeted support for counties and districts in the autonomous region that they are respectively assigned to assist. This system has also sent over 14,000 selected civil servants, professional and talents to work in Xizang for about three years in 11 batches by now.

\n

Yet the region cannot rest on its development achievements. Promoting the high-quality socioeconomic development of Xizang should always be the focus of local authorities, which should apply to the letter the new development philosophy of innovative, coordinated, green and open development that is for everyone.

\n

To that end, the local authorities must thoroughly carry out anti-secession efforts to ensure the consolidation and security of the border so as to ensure a stable environment for development as was urged by the central authorities at a grand gathering held on Thursday in Lhasa, capital of the autonomous region, to mark the 60th anniversary of its founding.

\n

The local authorities must unswervingly consolidate and develop ethnic unity by strengthening the exchanges and integration among all ethnic groups, and the identification of all ethnic groups with the motherland, the Chinese nation, Chinese culture, the Party, and socialism with Chinese characteristics, so as to ensure they fully identify themselves as members of the great Chinese family.

\n

In the process, local authorities should adhere to a people-centered approach and continuously improve people's well-being and promote common prosperity so as to ensure the fruits of high-quality development benefit all ethnic groups in Xizang, and local people have a greater sense of gain, fulfillment and security. To help the region promote ethnic unity and progress on all fronts, the central authorities have pledged to continue to increase their input and strengthen support for Xizang's development in the future.

\n

The remarkable development of the autonomous region over the past 60 years fully demonstrates that only under the leadership of the CPC, adhering to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, upholding the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and adhering to the Party's guidelines on the governance of Xizang in the new era, can prosperity and progress be achieved in the autonomous region, and the people of all ethnic groups in Xizang live a happy life.

\n

With China at a critical juncture in building itself into a modern socialist country in all respects, Xizang's modernization drive stands at a new historical starting point.

\n

The region should have the confidence that under the leadership of the Party and with the full support of the nation, it will be able to accomplish the four tasks of ensuring stability, facilitating development, protecting the eco-environment, and strengthening the borders.

\n

In doing so, Xizang will open a new and splendid era of long-term peace and stability and high-quality development for itself.

\n

", @@ -3785,28 +3433,6 @@ "hash": "8b9b6a5815b0b009bd1d252a79e85a49", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "008COMMENT - Picture news", - "description": "

\n


获取更多RSS：
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", - "content": "

\n


获取更多RSS：
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/22/content_008_68a793bfed50ccabe1517f53.htm#008COMMENT", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Fri, 22 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "9ad265b720ef4f24cb6624ba4b35c521", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "008COMMENT - Openness and cooperation key for AI development", "description": "

Editor's Note: Artificial intelligence is reshaping human civilization through a chain reaction of "technological breakthroughs-industrial integration-social restructuring". AI has evolved from a single technological tool into a core engine driving economic, social and cultural transformation. Qi Guojun, a distinguished scientist of the Association for Computing Machinery and professor at Westlake University, spoke to Chinanews.com about the changes that AI would bring about in the economy and whether the global dialogue on AI is about competition or coexistence. Below are excerpts from the interview. The views don't necessarily represent those of China Daily.

\n

There is not sufficient evidence or scientific consensus to suggest that AI will develop self-awareness. Such ideas remain largely within the realm of science fiction. Nevertheless, development of the technology does present new challenges, although such issues are not unique to AI. The emergence of any new technology, such as the internet, has historically been accompanied by problems such as piracy and spread of harmful content in the case of the internet.

\n

But the overall positive impact of AI on society far outweighs the negative. AI brings significant value by advancing productivity, expanding application scenarios, creating new categories of employment and optimizing industrial structures. Indeed, there are already many cases of the positive impact of AI. For example, AI is widely applied in customer service, which has improved productivity. While this has put pressure on employment, it has also generated new and higher-paying jobs in the data industry. In creative sectors, such as digital humans, animation and art production, AI has replaced more than 90 percent of repetitive work. The advertising industry and data-processing-related sectors have also undergone major changes.

\n

Looking ahead, AI will play a powerful role in improving productivity across all industries. Much like the first stage of internet development, which initially boosted productivity, the next stage may see the rise of new enterprises that are native to the AI ecosystem. Within the next five years, large-scale enterprises borne from AI will emerge, with the potential to exert a profound influence on the global economy for the next 20-30 years.

\n

As for the future dialogue on AI, it will involve both competition and coexistence, but coexistence will outweigh competition. In this context, two dimensions of competition, speed and openness, are particularly critical.

\n

With regard to speed, the AI industry shares similarities with the internet sector. Because technological exchanges are frequent, no one can monopolize technology for long. The true advantage lies in scale, where speed and openness determine success. Whoever moves faster can attract more users, acquire more data and iterate their models more efficiently, creating a positive feedback loop, the so-called flywheel effect. Once the flywheel turns, both scale and influence will continue to expand.

\n

If a model is used on a small scale, it will not be able to attract enough users to form a sustainable commercial cycle. Without growth in data and users, it cannot fully understand user intentions and application scenarios, making it difficult for it to improve performance. This is why AI development must move toward greater openness, encouraging more users to participate in order to generate positive feedback. This is the essence of open competition in AI.

\n

Successful internet and IT enterprises are inevitably global, or at least exert significant cross-border influence. In the process, mutual reinforcement creates a relationship of coexistence. For instance, cooperation can be carried out in areas such as data governance and AI ethical standards. AI's positive spillover effects will extend worldwide, with technology sharing becoming a natural outcome.

\n

Academic exchange also strengthens coexistence. The AI field is highly open, with a large volume of new research shared in academic journals, at conferences and on open platforms. Through these exchanges, knowledge is disseminated, new ideas are shared and technological progress gets accelerated.

\n

", @@ -3829,28 +3455,6 @@ "hash": "27293aa331827fe2b00c0a875553a6bb", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "009VIEWS - DPP's separatist agenda is bound to failure", - "description": "
\n

The Democratic Progressive Party authorities in Taiwan are once again resorting to historical revisionism. A senior official of the island has claimed that the "San Francisco Peace Treaty" replaced the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation, which called for Japan's unconditional surrender in World War II and the return of Taiwan to China. He also claimed that the treaty did not call for transfer of Taiwan to China.

\n

This argument is not only legally baseless but also politically contrived — a rhetoric the DPP has long been recycling to push forward its "Taiwan independence "agenda. The argument twists international law, ignores binding wartime agreements, and amounts to political theater.

\n

The DPP's habit of cloaking separatist ambitions in high-sounding language is nothing new. Two months ago, Taiwan leader Lai Ching-te announced a political campaign in the name of fostering "unity", delivering his so-called "ten talks" in a bid to sway public opinion. On the surface, his language sounds lofty — filled with words like "peace", "democracy", and "solidarity".But behind his carefully choreographed performance lies a much more troubling reality: a calculated effort to repackage separatist ambitions in the language of hope, while driving a wedge between the Chinese people on the two sides of the Taiwan Strait.

\n

At the heart of Lai's campaign is a play of words, aimed at normalizing "Taiwan independence" through linguistic manipulation. Lai's repeated assertion that "the two sides of the Strait are not subordinate to each other" is nothing new; it is a recycled narrative designed to obscure Taiwan's historical and legal ties with the Chinese mainland.

\n

The rhetoric is aimed at dividing the Chinese people across the Strait, fomenting hostility against the mainland, and creating a climate of fear and antagonism. It is not a slip of the tongue, but part of a strategic ploy of Lai and his DPP to repeat falsehoods in a bid to make it sound like fact, use language as a weapon to reshape public perceptions and weaken the shared identity of the Chinese people on the two sides of the Strait.

\n

Lai's attempt to distort facts does not stop at wordplay. It extends into the realm of history. He has been denying the undeniable — that Taiwan has been a part of China since ancient times — by turning a blind eye to archaeological evidence and historical records that show the origin of the island residents is in southeastern China. He ignores centuries of administration by Chinese governments and downplays the fact that Taiwan was returned to China after Japan's defeat in World War II.

\n

These are not inadvertent omissions but deliberate acts of distortion. Lai seeks to rupture cultural and historical memory, crafting a fictional past that serves the DPP's ideological goals of "cultural independence" and identity separation. Instead of "giving voice to Taiwan", Lai is trying to sever its connection with a shared national heritage.

\n

Equally troubling is Lai's misuse of international law. By claiming that "Taiwan is not a part of China", he disregards the legal framework established by the 1943 Cairo Declaration, the 1945 Potsdam Proclamation, and the Japanese Instrument of Surrender signed on Sept 2, 1945 — all of which affirm Taiwan's return to China.

\n

He also brushes aside UN General Assembly Resolution 2758, which recognizes the representatives of the government of the People's Republic of China as the only lawful representative of China to the UN. The global consensus on Taiwan is unambiguous. An overwhelming majority of countries adhere to the one-China principle that there is only one China, and Taiwan is an integral part of China. Yet Lai insists on bending international law to suit his political interests. His approach undermines the credibility of international institutions and the postwar global order.

\n

What Lai is offering is not a road map for unity but a divisive political stunt — a rhetorical trap designed to manufacture consent for separatism in the guise of holding rational dialogue. His speeches are aimed at projecting ideological mobilization as policy discourse, while obscuring historical truths and legal realities. No matter how skillfully he crafts his message, lies repeated a thousand times remain lies. The historical fact of Taiwan being an integral part of China, and the emotional and historical ties of people across the Strait can't be overwritten by any script.

\n

History cannot be rewritten, law cannot be manipulated, and a nation cannot be divided by using tricks of language. The tide of national reunification is a force too powerful to resist. And those who seek to divide the country for political purposes will ultimately be judged, not just by history, but by the people.

\n

", - "content": "
\n

The Democratic Progressive Party authorities in Taiwan are once again resorting to historical revisionism. A senior official of the island has claimed that the "San Francisco Peace Treaty" replaced the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation, which called for Japan's unconditional surrender in World War II and the return of Taiwan to China. He also claimed that the treaty did not call for transfer of Taiwan to China.

\n

This argument is not only legally baseless but also politically contrived — a rhetoric the DPP has long been recycling to push forward its "Taiwan independence "agenda. The argument twists international law, ignores binding wartime agreements, and amounts to political theater.

\n

The DPP's habit of cloaking separatist ambitions in high-sounding language is nothing new. Two months ago, Taiwan leader Lai Ching-te announced a political campaign in the name of fostering "unity", delivering his so-called "ten talks" in a bid to sway public opinion. On the surface, his language sounds lofty — filled with words like "peace", "democracy", and "solidarity".But behind his carefully choreographed performance lies a much more troubling reality: a calculated effort to repackage separatist ambitions in the language of hope, while driving a wedge between the Chinese people on the two sides of the Taiwan Strait.

\n

At the heart of Lai's campaign is a play of words, aimed at normalizing "Taiwan independence" through linguistic manipulation. Lai's repeated assertion that "the two sides of the Strait are not subordinate to each other" is nothing new; it is a recycled narrative designed to obscure Taiwan's historical and legal ties with the Chinese mainland.

\n

The rhetoric is aimed at dividing the Chinese people across the Strait, fomenting hostility against the mainland, and creating a climate of fear and antagonism. It is not a slip of the tongue, but part of a strategic ploy of Lai and his DPP to repeat falsehoods in a bid to make it sound like fact, use language as a weapon to reshape public perceptions and weaken the shared identity of the Chinese people on the two sides of the Strait.

\n

Lai's attempt to distort facts does not stop at wordplay. It extends into the realm of history. He has been denying the undeniable — that Taiwan has been a part of China since ancient times — by turning a blind eye to archaeological evidence and historical records that show the origin of the island residents is in southeastern China. He ignores centuries of administration by Chinese governments and downplays the fact that Taiwan was returned to China after Japan's defeat in World War II.

\n

These are not inadvertent omissions but deliberate acts of distortion. Lai seeks to rupture cultural and historical memory, crafting a fictional past that serves the DPP's ideological goals of "cultural independence" and identity separation. Instead of "giving voice to Taiwan", Lai is trying to sever its connection with a shared national heritage.

\n

Equally troubling is Lai's misuse of international law. By claiming that "Taiwan is not a part of China", he disregards the legal framework established by the 1943 Cairo Declaration, the 1945 Potsdam Proclamation, and the Japanese Instrument of Surrender signed on Sept 2, 1945 — all of which affirm Taiwan's return to China.

\n

He also brushes aside UN General Assembly Resolution 2758, which recognizes the representatives of the government of the People's Republic of China as the only lawful representative of China to the UN. The global consensus on Taiwan is unambiguous. An overwhelming majority of countries adhere to the one-China principle that there is only one China, and Taiwan is an integral part of China. Yet Lai insists on bending international law to suit his political interests. His approach undermines the credibility of international institutions and the postwar global order.

\n

What Lai is offering is not a road map for unity but a divisive political stunt — a rhetorical trap designed to manufacture consent for separatism in the guise of holding rational dialogue. His speeches are aimed at projecting ideological mobilization as policy discourse, while obscuring historical truths and legal realities. No matter how skillfully he crafts his message, lies repeated a thousand times remain lies. The historical fact of Taiwan being an integral part of China, and the emotional and historical ties of people across the Strait can't be overwritten by any script.

\n

History cannot be rewritten, law cannot be manipulated, and a nation cannot be divided by using tricks of language. The tide of national reunification is a force too powerful to resist. And those who seek to divide the country for political purposes will ultimately be judged, not just by history, but by the people.

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/22/content_009_68a793d1ed50ccabe1517f57.htm#009VIEWS", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Fri, 22 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "c85825a58517913d4564cf1da4daad9a", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "010WORLD - Scholars laud China's human rights progress", "description": "

China's progress in protecting human rights offers valuable insights for the Global South in developing governance models suited to their own national conditions, scholars from China and Africa say.

\n

They made the remark at a readers' forum on Xi Jinping: On Respecting and Protecting Human Rights — a collection of the Chinese president's statements on the subject — held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, on Thursday.

\n

Senior officials, diplomats, lawyers and scholars from China and African countries applauded the book and China's unique contributions to global human rights development. The forum was held on the eve of the first China-Africa Human Rights Seminar.

\n

Jiang Jianguo, executive vice-president of the China Society for Human Rights Studies, said China has achieved historic achievements in human rights since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012.

\n

Published in 2021, Xi Jinping: On Respecting and Protecting Human Rights represents a landmark in China's human rights development. The book has since been translated into 13 foreign languages, attracting readers from the global human rights community as well as political, academic, think tank and media circles, Jiang said.

\n

Quoting Xi, he said, "With different national conditions, countries should and can only explore suitable paths of human rights development in light of national realities and people's needs."

\n

China has advanced its human rights cause based on its national conditions and the people's needs, Jiang said.

\n

"It has eradicated absolute poverty; established the world's largest education, social security and healthcare systems; and continuously developed whole-process people's democracy. Through this book, we can understand why China's path of human rights development works and how this cause continues to progress."

\n

Remarkable journey

\n

Jeddi Mowbray Armah, deputy minister for legal affairs at Liberia's Foreign Ministry, said the book is a record of China's remarkable human rights journey and offers a window into a philosophy rooted in the country's national conditions and historic transformation.

\n

"Human rights are universal in value, yet diversity erupts. As President Xi makes it clear, there is no single template for the realization. Every country must check the path consistent with its history, culture and stage of development, while staying faithful to the aspiration for dignity, justice and equality for all," Armah said. Global South countries should avoid developing human rights models detached from their local realities, he added.

\n

China has taken a people-centered approach to human rights and whole-process democracy to ensure people get tangible benefits, he said, citing China's efforts to lift more than 700 million people out of poverty over recent decades.

\n

"These are human rights in action. They give practical meaning," he said. "This is a concept that integrates democratic participation at every stage in China. It shifts the focus from narrow electoral circles, from promises made to tangible results delivered."

\n

Democracy should be judged not by the form alone, but by whether it serves the people's interests, he added.

\n

Unique aspirations

\n

China's approach to human rights also offers unique aspirations for African countries to confront major challenges, such as poverty, education, health and employment, to make progress in human rights, he said.

\n

"The challenge before the world is not whether we agree with the human rights matter. It is whether we can create the conditions in which it can be realized for every person and every society."

\n

Fredrick Mutesa, secretary-general of the Zambia-China Friendship Association, said China has made important contributions to the global understanding of human rights through proposals such as the Belt and Road Initiative, the Global Development Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, and the Global Security Initiative.

\n

"China has become a trailblazer in fostering cooperation among countries of the Global South through these initiatives, (as well as through) China-Africa cooperation in economic development and modernization," he said.

\n

China is helping unlock Africa's development potential through infrastructure projects, green development, mining and other sectors, creating favorable conditions for the realization of the right to development, he added.

\n

Melha Rout Biel, founder and executive director of the Institute for Strategic and Policy Studies in South Sudan, said the Communist Party of China has been pursuing happiness for the Chinese people and progress for humanity since its founding.

\n

"China's commitment to global human rights extends beyond its borders," he said.

\n

"It advocates for a fair international human rights governance system, international cooperation, and respect for other countries and cultures."

\n

wangxiaodong@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", @@ -3873,28 +3477,6 @@ "hash": "7d13c20a41dacce7aeade4c3eee8b782", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "010WORLD - Beijing, Kabul, Islamabad vow stronger cooperation", - "description": "

Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi (second from left) attends a meeting with Afghanistan's Interior Minister Sirajuddin Haqqani (third from right) in Kabul on Wednesday.

\n

China, Afghanistan and Pakistan have pledged to deepen cooperation in trade, connectivity and security to promote regional peace and prosperity, as their foreign ministers met in Kabul on Wednesday for the sixth China-Afghanistan-Pakistan Foreign Ministers' Dialogue.

\n

Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi, Afghan Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi and Pakistani Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Mohammad Ishaq Dar attended the talks. The trilateral mechanism, launched by China in 2017 and revived in 2022, serves as an important platform for the three neighbors to coordinate policies. An informal ministerial meeting held in Beijing in May helped maintain momentum for trilateral engagement.

\n

Wang said China stands ready to work with Afghanistan and Pakistan to "strengthen exchanges at all levels and consolidate strategic trust".He called for expanded trade and investment, enhanced connectivity, stronger people-to-people ties, and joint efforts against cross-border terrorism.

\n

He urged the three sides to "jointly oppose external interference in the region and reject the use of their territories by any force or individual to undermine each other's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity".

\n

Beijing will continue to speak up for Kabul at multilateral forums, encourage constructive international engagement, and support the normalization of Afghanistan's foreign relations, Wang added.

\n

Muttaqi praised China's role in advancing trilateral cooperation, saying Afghanistan hopes to deepen friendship and coordination for greater progress. Dar highlighted the vast potential of trilateral cooperation in trade, Belt and Road cooperation, connectivity and counterterrorism, urging the unfreezing of Afghanistan's overseas assets and calling for stronger collective action against terrorism in all forms.

\n

The meeting marked Wang's second visit to Afghanistan since the withdrawal of United States-led troops and the Taliban's return to power in 2021, following a trip in March 2022. Analysts said the visits highlight China's intention to carry forward traditional friendship with Afghanistan and strengthen ties with the neighboring country.

\n

Liu Zongyi, director of the Center for South Asian Studies at the Shanghai Institutes for International Studies, said that through platforms such as the trilateral dialogue, China and Pakistan have played a leading role among regional and international actors in promoting Afghanistan's stability, reconstruction and global engagement.

\n

"While some Western countries have imposed unilateral sanctions and frozen billions in Afghan assets, Beijing has maintained that Afghanistan should not be excluded from the international community and has encouraged greater dialogue with Kabul to support the country's reconstruction," Liu said.

\n

Earlier on Wednesday, Afghan Prime Minister Mullah Mohammad Hassan Akhund met with Wang. He described China as a "force for justice" in the world and commended its policy of noninterference. Akhund pledged that Afghanistan "will never allow its territory to be used to threaten China" and expressed readiness to advance "positive and sustainable "friendship with Beijing.

\n

Wang reaffirmed that, as Afghanistan's neighbor, China will continue to champion fairness, oppose unilateral bullying and promote practical cooperation across all fields. He reiterated China's concerns about the East Turkestan Islamic Movement, which is listed by the United Nations Security Council as a terrorist group, and urged Kabul to intensify its crackdown.

\n

Wang also held separate meetings with Afghan Foreign Minister Muttaqi and Interior Minister Sirajuddin Haqqani on Wednesday.

\n

Compared with some countries "obsessed with geopolitical competition", Liu said, China "pursues a friendly policy toward all Afghan people and is a partner that Afghanistan can trust in its postwar future".

\n

Despite shifting political circumstances, China-Afghanistan relations have remained stable, with diplomatic missions in both capitals operating normally and helping sustain bilateral relations, he added.

\n

zhaojia@chinadaily.com.cn

\n


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", - "content": "

Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi (second from left) attends a meeting with Afghanistan's Interior Minister Sirajuddin Haqqani (third from right) in Kabul on Wednesday.

\n

China, Afghanistan and Pakistan have pledged to deepen cooperation in trade, connectivity and security to promote regional peace and prosperity, as their foreign ministers met in Kabul on Wednesday for the sixth China-Afghanistan-Pakistan Foreign Ministers' Dialogue.

\n

Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi, Afghan Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi and Pakistani Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Mohammad Ishaq Dar attended the talks. The trilateral mechanism, launched by China in 2017 and revived in 2022, serves as an important platform for the three neighbors to coordinate policies. An informal ministerial meeting held in Beijing in May helped maintain momentum for trilateral engagement.

\n

Wang said China stands ready to work with Afghanistan and Pakistan to "strengthen exchanges at all levels and consolidate strategic trust".He called for expanded trade and investment, enhanced connectivity, stronger people-to-people ties, and joint efforts against cross-border terrorism.

\n

He urged the three sides to "jointly oppose external interference in the region and reject the use of their territories by any force or individual to undermine each other's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity".

\n

Beijing will continue to speak up for Kabul at multilateral forums, encourage constructive international engagement, and support the normalization of Afghanistan's foreign relations, Wang added.

\n

Muttaqi praised China's role in advancing trilateral cooperation, saying Afghanistan hopes to deepen friendship and coordination for greater progress. Dar highlighted the vast potential of trilateral cooperation in trade, Belt and Road cooperation, connectivity and counterterrorism, urging the unfreezing of Afghanistan's overseas assets and calling for stronger collective action against terrorism in all forms.

\n

The meeting marked Wang's second visit to Afghanistan since the withdrawal of United States-led troops and the Taliban's return to power in 2021, following a trip in March 2022. Analysts said the visits highlight China's intention to carry forward traditional friendship with Afghanistan and strengthen ties with the neighboring country.

\n

Liu Zongyi, director of the Center for South Asian Studies at the Shanghai Institutes for International Studies, said that through platforms such as the trilateral dialogue, China and Pakistan have played a leading role among regional and international actors in promoting Afghanistan's stability, reconstruction and global engagement.

\n

"While some Western countries have imposed unilateral sanctions and frozen billions in Afghan assets, Beijing has maintained that Afghanistan should not be excluded from the international community and has encouraged greater dialogue with Kabul to support the country's reconstruction," Liu said.

\n

Earlier on Wednesday, Afghan Prime Minister Mullah Mohammad Hassan Akhund met with Wang. He described China as a "force for justice" in the world and commended its policy of noninterference. Akhund pledged that Afghanistan "will never allow its territory to be used to threaten China" and expressed readiness to advance "positive and sustainable "friendship with Beijing.

\n

Wang reaffirmed that, as Afghanistan's neighbor, China will continue to champion fairness, oppose unilateral bullying and promote practical cooperation across all fields. He reiterated China's concerns about the East Turkestan Islamic Movement, which is listed by the United Nations Security Council as a terrorist group, and urged Kabul to intensify its crackdown.

\n

Wang also held separate meetings with Afghan Foreign Minister Muttaqi and Interior Minister Sirajuddin Haqqani on Wednesday.

\n

Compared with some countries "obsessed with geopolitical competition", Liu said, China "pursues a friendly policy toward all Afghan people and is a partner that Afghanistan can trust in its postwar future".

\n

Despite shifting political circumstances, China-Afghanistan relations have remained stable, with diplomatic missions in both capitals operating normally and helping sustain bilateral relations, he added.

\n

zhaojia@chinadaily.com.cn

\n


获取更多RSS：
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https://feedx.site
", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/22/content_010_68a793e2ed50ccabe1517f5b.htm#010WORLD", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Fri, 22 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "065a2789d0f5d60013117c31b1f06389", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "010WORLD - Courtroom test", "description": "

Suspended Thai Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra arrives at the Constitutional Court in Bangkok on Thursday to attend a hearing over a case seeking her dismissal over alleged ethics violations.

\n


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", @@ -3917,28 +3499,6 @@ "hash": "ae87bd00382493fd99514644de0f7aea", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "011WORLD - Israel urged to drop Gaza plan", - "description": "

Palestinians rush for cover as smoke billows after an Israeli strike on a building in Jabalia in the northern Gaza Strip on Wednesday.

\n

United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres called on Israel to reverse its planned division of the West Bank and expansion of the military operation in Gaza, while reiterating the need for an immediate ceasefire to prevent further destruction in the region.

\n

The UN chief's demands come as Egypt, other mediators, former hostages held by Hamas, the remaining hostages' families and the international community ramp up pressure on Israel to agree to a ceasefire, which involves a 60-day truce that Hamas had already accepted earlier this week.

\n

In a post on the social media platform X on Thursday, Guterres said it is "vital to reach immediately a ceasefire in Gaza", and called for the unconditional release of all hostages held by the Palestinian group Hamas "to avoid the massive death and destruction that (an expanded) military operation against Gaza would inevitably cause".

\n

"Simultaneously, the decision by the Israeli authorities to expand illegal settlement construction, which would divide the West Bank, must be reversed. All settlement construction is a violation of international law," Guterres said.

\n

It also came as Israel on Wednesday gave final approval to a highly controversial settlement project that would bisect the occupied West Bank and cut it off from East Jerusalem.

\n

The Palestinian Authority condemned the settlement plan, saying it was illegal and would "destroy "the prospects for a two-state solution, BBC reported.

\n

Israel has yet to issue a formal response to Hamas over the ceasefire proposal while White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt has said the United States continues to discuss a 60-day Gaza truce.

\n

While Egypt and Qatar have invested political capital in brokering the proposed truce, Arhama Siddiqa, a research fellow at the Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad in Pakistan, told China Daily that Tel Aviv's move to press ahead with the mobilization of 60,000 reservists for an expanded Gaza operation "is an unmistakable signal that military conquest, not diplomacy, remains the priority".

\n

Catastrophic casualties

\n

"This stance runs directly counter to the urgent calls of the UN secretary-general, who has warned of catastrophic civilian casualties and condemned Israel's parallel decision to expand illegal settlements in the West Bank," said Siddiqa.

\n

"By delaying a response, Israel appears intent on dictating terms through force rather than compromise, reinforcing the perception that it views ceasefires as tactical pauses rather than steps toward peace," she said, adding: "Basically, Tel Aviv bears direct responsibility for prolonging a cycle of deliberate deprivation and devastation in Gaza."

\n

Egyptian Foreign Minister Badr Abdelatty on Tuesday urged the international community to pressure Israel into accepting the latest Gaza ceasefire proposal, affirming that it would help alleviate the humanitarian crisis in the besieged enclave.

\n

He made the remarks during separate phone talks with British Foreign Secretary David Lammy, Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan, European Union foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas, and Palestinian Vice-President Hussein al-Sheikh, on the Palestinian issue, according to a statement by the Egyptian Foreign Ministry, Xinhua News Agency reported.

\n

He also addressed the ongoing preparations for an international conference on Gaza's early recovery and reconstruction, which will be hosted as soon as a ceasefire agreement is reached.

\n

At a joint news conference in Moscow on Wednesday, visiting Jordanian Minister of Foreign and Expatriates Affairs Ayman Safadi criticized Israel's "expansionist and extremist" policies.

\n

He said Israel's assault on Gaza had caused "massacres and starvation" and that its wider actions were "killing all prospects" for peace in the Middle East, Arab News reported.

\n

Gokhan Batu, an analyst on Israel studies at the Center for Middle Eastern Studies in Turkiye, told China Daily that recent developments have demonstrated that Israel's discourse, and the narratives promoted through it, "have lost much of their global traction".

\n

"The primary factor behind this shift has been the severity of the humanitarian crisis in Gaza. Israel continues to lose the support it once commanded on issues related to Hezbollah, the Houthis, and Iran, precisely because of the ongoing devastation in Gaza. At the same time, the growing trend of recognizing Palestine has emerged as Israel's most serious challenge, and developments have now reached an uncontrollable stage," said Batu.

\n

He said the latest developments were "nothing more than a hasty attempt to bring the Gaza conflict — long marked by the absence of a coherent strategy — to an abrupt conclusion". Yet, as long as the fighting continues, Israel is fully aware that it will face mounting difficulties on the international stage, he added.

\n

jan@chinadailyapac.com

\n

", - "content": "

Palestinians rush for cover as smoke billows after an Israeli strike on a building in Jabalia in the northern Gaza Strip on Wednesday.

\n

United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres called on Israel to reverse its planned division of the West Bank and expansion of the military operation in Gaza, while reiterating the need for an immediate ceasefire to prevent further destruction in the region.

\n

The UN chief's demands come as Egypt, other mediators, former hostages held by Hamas, the remaining hostages' families and the international community ramp up pressure on Israel to agree to a ceasefire, which involves a 60-day truce that Hamas had already accepted earlier this week.

\n

In a post on the social media platform X on Thursday, Guterres said it is "vital to reach immediately a ceasefire in Gaza", and called for the unconditional release of all hostages held by the Palestinian group Hamas "to avoid the massive death and destruction that (an expanded) military operation against Gaza would inevitably cause".

\n

"Simultaneously, the decision by the Israeli authorities to expand illegal settlement construction, which would divide the West Bank, must be reversed. All settlement construction is a violation of international law," Guterres said.

\n

It also came as Israel on Wednesday gave final approval to a highly controversial settlement project that would bisect the occupied West Bank and cut it off from East Jerusalem.

\n

The Palestinian Authority condemned the settlement plan, saying it was illegal and would "destroy "the prospects for a two-state solution, BBC reported.

\n

Israel has yet to issue a formal response to Hamas over the ceasefire proposal while White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt has said the United States continues to discuss a 60-day Gaza truce.

\n

While Egypt and Qatar have invested political capital in brokering the proposed truce, Arhama Siddiqa, a research fellow at the Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad in Pakistan, told China Daily that Tel Aviv's move to press ahead with the mobilization of 60,000 reservists for an expanded Gaza operation "is an unmistakable signal that military conquest, not diplomacy, remains the priority".

\n

Catastrophic casualties

\n

"This stance runs directly counter to the urgent calls of the UN secretary-general, who has warned of catastrophic civilian casualties and condemned Israel's parallel decision to expand illegal settlements in the West Bank," said Siddiqa.

\n

"By delaying a response, Israel appears intent on dictating terms through force rather than compromise, reinforcing the perception that it views ceasefires as tactical pauses rather than steps toward peace," she said, adding: "Basically, Tel Aviv bears direct responsibility for prolonging a cycle of deliberate deprivation and devastation in Gaza."

\n

Egyptian Foreign Minister Badr Abdelatty on Tuesday urged the international community to pressure Israel into accepting the latest Gaza ceasefire proposal, affirming that it would help alleviate the humanitarian crisis in the besieged enclave.

\n

He made the remarks during separate phone talks with British Foreign Secretary David Lammy, Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan, European Union foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas, and Palestinian Vice-President Hussein al-Sheikh, on the Palestinian issue, according to a statement by the Egyptian Foreign Ministry, Xinhua News Agency reported.

\n

He also addressed the ongoing preparations for an international conference on Gaza's early recovery and reconstruction, which will be hosted as soon as a ceasefire agreement is reached.

\n

At a joint news conference in Moscow on Wednesday, visiting Jordanian Minister of Foreign and Expatriates Affairs Ayman Safadi criticized Israel's "expansionist and extremist" policies.

\n

He said Israel's assault on Gaza had caused "massacres and starvation" and that its wider actions were "killing all prospects" for peace in the Middle East, Arab News reported.

\n

Gokhan Batu, an analyst on Israel studies at the Center for Middle Eastern Studies in Turkiye, told China Daily that recent developments have demonstrated that Israel's discourse, and the narratives promoted through it, "have lost much of their global traction".

\n

"The primary factor behind this shift has been the severity of the humanitarian crisis in Gaza. Israel continues to lose the support it once commanded on issues related to Hezbollah, the Houthis, and Iran, precisely because of the ongoing devastation in Gaza. At the same time, the growing trend of recognizing Palestine has emerged as Israel's most serious challenge, and developments have now reached an uncontrollable stage," said Batu.

\n

He said the latest developments were "nothing more than a hasty attempt to bring the Gaza conflict — long marked by the absence of a coherent strategy — to an abrupt conclusion". Yet, as long as the fighting continues, Israel is fully aware that it will face mounting difficulties on the international stage, he added.

\n

jan@chinadailyapac.com

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/22/content_011_68a793f3ed50ccabe1517f5f.htm#011WORLD", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Fri, 22 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "a46610c2206edee34522a4399a4886a7", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "011WORLD - Safety net", "description": "

A teacher explains to students about the dengue disease and other diseases caused by mosquito bites, as they sit under a mosquito net as part of an awareness campaign against the diseases on World Mosquito Day on Wednesday in Agartala, India.

\n


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", @@ -3961,28 +3521,6 @@ "hash": "60e72e229d98d400c0e412c374a3f69d", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "011WORLD - Family pictures shed light on Japan's WWII atrocities", - "description": "

When Marcus Detrez first opened a worn leather box in 2021, he was confronted with the black-and-white images that would change the course of his life.

\n

"The images were raw and haunting — civilians being executed, streets filled with fear," he told China Daily, "But one photo marked me forever: a body floating in the Huangpu River. On the back, my grandfather had written the word 'swimmer'."

\n

Printed between the 1930s and 1950s on gelatin silver paper, the photographs captured the daily life of a French family in prosperous Shanghai before the Japanese invaded the city, the chaos and destruction brought about by the Battle of Shanghai, and, most harrowingly, the atrocities committed by the Japanese army against Chinese civilians during World War II.

\n

"I felt a weight in my chest," Detrez recalled in an exclusive interview with China Daily, "I later realized it was a protective lie — his way of shielding children from the truth. That small word carries the full weight of what war does to human hearts."

\n

The photographer was his maternal grandfather, Roger-Pierre Laurens, a Frenchman born in Toulouse in 1914 who moved to Shanghai in the 1930s to work in the French Concession. Laurens, Detrez said, believed truth was worth any risk. "As a witness to the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45), he knew these moments had to be recorded — not for his own glory, but for history and for justice," he explained.

\n

For decades, the collection remained within the family, guarded as both a treasure and a burden. Detrez admitted he felt conflicted when friends first suggested donating the images to China.

\n

"These were my grandfather's possessions, part of my family's memory," he said. "But they also documented a cruel chapter that my grandfather worked hard to preserve. He would not have wanted it to remain hidden."

\n

Eventually, supported by his mother, Sylvie Laurens, Detrez decided the photographs should return to China — "to let more people see the truth", as she put it.

\n

Together with his French friend Bastien Ratat and Chinese friend Zhong Haosong, he began posting historical materials on multiple social media platforms, sparking both intense interest and controversy online. While the trio faced questions about the pictures' authenticity and endured personal attacks, Detrez said the most meaningful moments came from ordinary Chinese netizens who wrote to thank them.

\n

"Some said they cried while looking at the photos," he explained. "That's when I knew our work had meaning — these images are no longer just my family's story. They belong to the world."

\n

In February, Detrez, Zhong and Ratat traveled to China at the invitation of the Memorial Hall for Shanghai Songhu War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Shanghai. They first went to Beijing at the start of a journey to donate the collection and to visit historic sites linked to Laurens' time in Shanghai. Their itinerary included memorial halls in Beijing, Shanghai and Shandong, where Detrez deepened his understanding of China's wartime history. "Telling this history is about remembering better," he said.

\n

The images, now permanently housed in the Memorial Hall for Shanghai Songhu War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, offer an extensive and multi-angled record of the 1937 Battle of Shanghai. They document Japanese war crimes, including massacres of Chinese civilians, and are recognized by the museum as significant historical evidence for research into both China's resistance war and the broader global fight against fascism.

\n

Truth with accuracy

\n

"We have donated (the photos) to the Chinese Embassy in France that let this museum display them because it stands at the heart of one of the most important battles of the war in China," Detrez said. "It tells the truth with accuracy, dignity, and respect for the victims. In Shanghai, the photos are not just stored — they become part of the living memory of the Chinese people and a bridge between China and the rest of the world."

\n

His friend Ratat said the group has begun discussions with the People's Publishing House on producing a book about Laurens' pictures. They are also working on their multilingual website "Echoes of China", available in English, French, Chinese and Japanese, to tell more stories about the War of Resistance. Plans include a world tour starting in Japan and the United States to raise awareness of the atrocities committed by the Japanese army against Chinese civilians, such as those of Unit 731 and the Nanjing Massacre, as well as a possible virtual reality recreation of the Shanghai battlefield. "We'd like to use modern technology to teach history and even make a film or documentary on Laurens' experience in Shanghai," Rata said.

\n

Zhong Haosong, Detrez's Chinese friend, said the donation process was deliberately made public. "We believe more 'Detrezes' should stand up, knowing that in the East there are 1.4 billion people ready to welcome them. Peace and justice are what we want to share."

\n

He added that while they faced smear campaigns, the most moving message they received after the donation was from a netizen who wrote, "You have borne burdens you shouldn't have had to, but your future will be bright because you stand for peace and justice. You will always have China as your home."

\n

Earlier this month, the Chinese Embassy in France hosted a handover ceremony for the donation, in which Minister Chen Dong met Detrez and his friends, presenting them with a donation certificate and a letter of appreciation from the Memorial Hall for Shanghai Songhu War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.

\n

The ceremony marked not just the transfer of physical photographs, but the continuation of Laurens' mission — to bear witness, and to ensure the suffering of the Chinese people and other victims of Japanese aggression is neither denied nor forgotten.

\n

zhangzhouxiang@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "content": "

When Marcus Detrez first opened a worn leather box in 2021, he was confronted with the black-and-white images that would change the course of his life.

\n

"The images were raw and haunting — civilians being executed, streets filled with fear," he told China Daily, "But one photo marked me forever: a body floating in the Huangpu River. On the back, my grandfather had written the word 'swimmer'."

\n

Printed between the 1930s and 1950s on gelatin silver paper, the photographs captured the daily life of a French family in prosperous Shanghai before the Japanese invaded the city, the chaos and destruction brought about by the Battle of Shanghai, and, most harrowingly, the atrocities committed by the Japanese army against Chinese civilians during World War II.

\n

"I felt a weight in my chest," Detrez recalled in an exclusive interview with China Daily, "I later realized it was a protective lie — his way of shielding children from the truth. That small word carries the full weight of what war does to human hearts."

\n

The photographer was his maternal grandfather, Roger-Pierre Laurens, a Frenchman born in Toulouse in 1914 who moved to Shanghai in the 1930s to work in the French Concession. Laurens, Detrez said, believed truth was worth any risk. "As a witness to the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45), he knew these moments had to be recorded — not for his own glory, but for history and for justice," he explained.

\n

For decades, the collection remained within the family, guarded as both a treasure and a burden. Detrez admitted he felt conflicted when friends first suggested donating the images to China.

\n

"These were my grandfather's possessions, part of my family's memory," he said. "But they also documented a cruel chapter that my grandfather worked hard to preserve. He would not have wanted it to remain hidden."

\n

Eventually, supported by his mother, Sylvie Laurens, Detrez decided the photographs should return to China — "to let more people see the truth", as she put it.

\n

Together with his French friend Bastien Ratat and Chinese friend Zhong Haosong, he began posting historical materials on multiple social media platforms, sparking both intense interest and controversy online. While the trio faced questions about the pictures' authenticity and endured personal attacks, Detrez said the most meaningful moments came from ordinary Chinese netizens who wrote to thank them.

\n

"Some said they cried while looking at the photos," he explained. "That's when I knew our work had meaning — these images are no longer just my family's story. They belong to the world."

\n

In February, Detrez, Zhong and Ratat traveled to China at the invitation of the Memorial Hall for Shanghai Songhu War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Shanghai. They first went to Beijing at the start of a journey to donate the collection and to visit historic sites linked to Laurens' time in Shanghai. Their itinerary included memorial halls in Beijing, Shanghai and Shandong, where Detrez deepened his understanding of China's wartime history. "Telling this history is about remembering better," he said.

\n

The images, now permanently housed in the Memorial Hall for Shanghai Songhu War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, offer an extensive and multi-angled record of the 1937 Battle of Shanghai. They document Japanese war crimes, including massacres of Chinese civilians, and are recognized by the museum as significant historical evidence for research into both China's resistance war and the broader global fight against fascism.

\n

Truth with accuracy

\n

"We have donated (the photos) to the Chinese Embassy in France that let this museum display them because it stands at the heart of one of the most important battles of the war in China," Detrez said. "It tells the truth with accuracy, dignity, and respect for the victims. In Shanghai, the photos are not just stored — they become part of the living memory of the Chinese people and a bridge between China and the rest of the world."

\n

His friend Ratat said the group has begun discussions with the People's Publishing House on producing a book about Laurens' pictures. They are also working on their multilingual website "Echoes of China", available in English, French, Chinese and Japanese, to tell more stories about the War of Resistance. Plans include a world tour starting in Japan and the United States to raise awareness of the atrocities committed by the Japanese army against Chinese civilians, such as those of Unit 731 and the Nanjing Massacre, as well as a possible virtual reality recreation of the Shanghai battlefield. "We'd like to use modern technology to teach history and even make a film or documentary on Laurens' experience in Shanghai," Rata said.

\n

Zhong Haosong, Detrez's Chinese friend, said the donation process was deliberately made public. "We believe more 'Detrezes' should stand up, knowing that in the East there are 1.4 billion people ready to welcome them. Peace and justice are what we want to share."

\n

He added that while they faced smear campaigns, the most moving message they received after the donation was from a netizen who wrote, "You have borne burdens you shouldn't have had to, but your future will be bright because you stand for peace and justice. You will always have China as your home."

\n

Earlier this month, the Chinese Embassy in France hosted a handover ceremony for the donation, in which Minister Chen Dong met Detrez and his friends, presenting them with a donation certificate and a letter of appreciation from the Memorial Hall for Shanghai Songhu War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.

\n

The ceremony marked not just the transfer of physical photographs, but the continuation of Laurens' mission — to bear witness, and to ensure the suffering of the Chinese people and other victims of Japanese aggression is neither denied nor forgotten.

\n

zhangzhouxiang@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/22/content_011_68a79404ed50ccabe1517f63.htm#011WORLD", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Fri, 22 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "61c0f9c4d6870b29ac21180ba0313431", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "012WORLD - US doubles duties on Canadian lumber", "description": "

Lumber is cut at a saw mill near Sooke, British Columbia, Canada, on April 11. The US is poised to more than double duties on Canadian softwood lumber, putting more pressure on US' material costs.

\n\n

The United States has more than doubled the countervailing duties on Canadian softwood lumber to over 35 percent, a move economists say will raise construction costs and further strain housing affordability.

\n

The US Department of Commerce said earlier this month that it will more than double the countervailing duties on Canadian softwood lumber imports, raising them to 14.6 percent from 6.7 percent, after determining Canadian producers receive unfair subsidies.

\n

The increase comes on top of a recent rise in antidumping duties to 20.5 percent, bringing the total duty on Canadian softwood to nearly 35.2 percent.

\n

The US move will raise construction costs and add to inflationary pressures, according to Brian Bethune, a professor of economics at Boston College.

\n

He said the higher costs will be "extremely difficult to offset", especially as they come alongside higher prices for steel and aluminum.

\n

"All of these factors will negatively impact affordability," he told China Daily.

\n

Bethune noted that the duties will take time to appear in official inflation data. "The tariffs first have to feed through into housing construction costs, and then into rents and owners' equivalent rent, which drive shelter costs."

\n

"The lag, however, could be up to a year, so we won't see much of an impact until mid-2026," he said.

\n

The National Association of Home Builders, in an Aug 8 statement, said the higher duties would worsen affordability problems.

\n

"For years, NAHB has been leading the fight against lumber tariffs because of their detrimental effect on housing affordability," the group said in a statement. "In effect, the lumber tariffs act as a tax on American builders, home buyers and consumers.

\n

"With housing affordability already near a historic low, NAHB continues to call on the administration to carefully consider how placing additional tariffs on lumber and other building materials will raise housing prices and impact housing supply," the statement said.

\n

"The impact of the duties is being shared by businesses (exporters, importers) and consumers. So far, most of the impact, approximately two-thirds, has been absorbed by US importing businesses with lower profit margins," Bethune said.

\n

"Only 15 percent has been passed on to consumers. However, the pass-through to consumers will likely increase over time," he said.

\n

On the supply side, he said US producers will not be able to fully fill the gap left by Canadian lumber.

\n

"US producers may have some capacity to increase production, but the supply response is limited by the availability of accessible timber resources," Bethune said.

\n

"Beyond the impact on (Canadian) facilities, I would expect a curtailment in production, where higher cost firms may either take temporary downtime or permanently shutter some more mills," said Harry Nelson, an associate professor of forestry at the University of British Columbia.

\n

He said that Canada, and the province of British Columbia in particular, has long been the higher-cost supplier to the US market.

\n

In an Aug 8 statement responding to the US decision, the BC Lumber Trade Council said the move would have negative consequences on both sides of the border.

\n

"It places unnecessary strain on forestry-dependent regions in Canada while driving up construction costs for American builders and families," said Kurt Niquidet, president of the BC Lumber Trade Council.

\n

He added that without a negotiated settlement, the council will continue to work with the Canadian government and industry partners to defend Canadian interests "through all available legal channels, including proceedings under the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement".

\n

Nelson said the outlook depends on the broader US economy.

\n

"As the US market is what sets lumber prices overall, the higher the tariffs, the lower Canadian lumber prices will be relative to the US."

\n

For Canadian consumers, Nelson sees both direct and indirect impacts. "First, the duties create a wedge between domestic and export prices," he told China Daily.

\n

"The bigger the tariffs, the more likely the greater that wedge will be."

\n

The indirect effect, he added, comes from the broader economy. "If overall tariffs and economic uncertainty lead to lower economic activity, housing starts generally in both the US and Canada will come down … and lumber prices overall will trend lower."

\n

Looking ahead, Nelson said Canada needs a more deliberate diversification strategy. "We are too reliant on one partner and one product," he said.

\n

" (We need) a well thought-out trade diversification strategy where we invest in building a brand for Canadian wood and wood products around quality and building stable relationships with other trading partners," he said.

\n

gaoyang@chinadailyusa.com

\n

", @@ -4005,28 +3543,6 @@ "hash": "40176c6001ad58b0955afb45a076d05c", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "012WORLD - Sail spectacle", - "description": "

Sailors stand on the masts of a tall ship as it sails into Amsterdam, the Netherlands, on Wednesday. SAIL Amsterdam, the country's major maritime festival, first held 50 years ago, kicked off its 10th edition on Wednesday after a decade-long break.

\n

", - "content": "

Sailors stand on the masts of a tall ship as it sails into Amsterdam, the Netherlands, on Wednesday. SAIL Amsterdam, the country's major maritime festival, first held 50 years ago, kicked off its 10th edition on Wednesday after a decade-long break.

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/22/content_012_68a79416ed50ccabe1517f67.htm#012WORLD", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Fri, 22 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "ecd41011dd7e77bf1888a6cde59836d1", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "012WORLD - WPP Media China helping native companies to expand overseas", "description": "

\n\n

WPP Media China, the marketing and media service provider formerly called GroupM China, has built a reputation for assisting overseas companies in navigating the Chinese market. In recent years, the company has been keen to harness its expertise in helping Chinese companies expand their global operation, offering a clearer road map to success in an increasingly complex international business landscape.

\n

"Ten years ago, we were primarily focused on bringing Western brands into China, working closely with Western headquarters to tailor messaging for Chinese consumers. Now, the reverse is true. We need to leverage our network's expertise to help Chinese businesses understand how to drive relevance and resonate with consumers, taking into account the local nuances and cultural norms, whether in France, Fiji, Greece, or Germany," said Rupert McPetrie, CEO of WPP Media China.

\n

According to McPetrie, Chinese companies have been displaying increased confidence in their global expansion in recent years. There has also been a shift in business emphasis, with price no longer being the sole focus for these companies.

\n

"Chinese companies have transitioned from a value-led proposition to offering richer, deeper and more brand-oriented experiences. This shift has been evident in sectors such as electric vehicles and drones, where China is a global leader," said McPetrie.

\n

In addition to changing emphasis, McPetrie said that the marketing strategies in overseas markets have evolved.

\n

"The whole marketing ecosystem has changed. We're seeing a more integrated approach that encompasses the entire ecosystem — from branding and awareness to the resonance of brands with consumers in different markets — all the way through to conversion and click-to-purchase," said McPetrie.

\n

McPetrie, who has observed the development of the Chinese market for more than 10 years, said Chinese companies' journey of seeking overseas development features both opportunities and challenges. Quickly understanding and evaluating the market situation, as well as conducting effective localization, will become a unique competitive advantage for brands.

\n

"Securing a foothold in international markets depends not only on product and supply chain advantages but also on the effective storytelling of their brands. This brand narrative needs to be culturally relevant and resonate with and build trust among overseas consumers through efficient media touchpoints," said McPetrie.

\n

In recent years, WPP Media China has achieved excellent results in supporting Chinese brands in their global expansion, including the overseas marketing of Black Myth: Wukong and the global media planning and buying for the mobile phone brand Honor.

\n

According to McPetrie, WPP Media China is poised to become a long-term trusted partner for more Chinese brands, with the goal of accelerating client growth wherever they conduct business.

\n

"WPP Media China is an important part of WPP. WPP is present in over 100 countries worldwide and possesses a powerful network, talented teams and cutting-edge solutions tailored to diverse markets. This ensures that brand stories are effectively disseminated within the right media and marketing environments, enhancing the efficiency and impact of brand marketing for global expansion," said McPetrie.

\n

At the end of May, WPP globally announced the rebranding of GroupM to WPP Media, with the aim to further consolidate its development foundation and enhance its offer for the future. The move will enable WPP Media to deliver more integrated solutions to its clients in a more efficient manner.

\n

"We've been on a journey to become much easier to access. We're very lucky at the capabilities that we've been building. But one of the jobs we have is to make sure our clients can get the benefit of those capabilities very easily. We've been simplifying our organization practically and strategically, and the rebranding was just a symbol of that," said McPetrie.

\n

WPP Open, an artificial intelligence-enabled marketing platform empowered by Open Intelligence and developed by WPP Media, is deemed the main engine supporting its transition, according to McPetrie.

\n

tangzhihao@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", @@ -4049,28 +3565,6 @@ "hash": "2bbe721ce6338a235c114529dbcdfeea", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "013BUSINESS - Chinese tea chains expand overseas footprint", - "description": "

People pass by a Heytea pop-up store showcasing its "new-style tea" products in Paris on July 26,2024.

\n

Chinese new-style tea brands are accelerating their push into overseas markets, leveraging product innovation, digital operations, and a growing global interest in health-boosting beverages.

\n

The trend marks a new phase in the globalization of China's consumer brands, analysts said.

\n

Tea chains — once focused on the domestic market — have begun to systematically scale up their presence abroad.

\n

From Southeast Asia to North America and Europe, Chinese companies like Mixue, Heytea and Chagee are establishing a presence in major urban centers and retail hot spots.

\n

"The overseas growth of Chinese tea brands shows that they are moving up the value chain — from lowcost producers to lifestyle and culture exporters," said Wang Peng, associate research fellow at the Beijing Academy of Social Sciences.

\n

He pointed to the global shift in beverage preferences, especially among younger consumers, as a key driver. "Consumers are looking for lower-sugar, innovative and Instagrammable drinks that reflect cultural diversity."

\n

Zhan Junhao, founder of brand consultancy Fujian Huace Brand Positioning Consulting, noted that success abroad has depended on thoughtful localization strategies.

\n

"Chinese tea companies have adjusted flavors to suit local palates, while retaining signature products that communicate authenticity. This balance between adaptation and brand identity has been critical," he said.

\n

According to National Business Daily, six Chinese tea brands had gone public by July, and together they operate over 5,000 outlets overseas.

\n

Among the most active players is Mixue Group, which was listed on the Hong Kong stock exchange in March. Its prospectus revealed that the company had opened 4,895 outlets overseas by the end of 2024, accounting for more than 10 percent of its global footprint.

\n

Chagee, a premium tea chain based in Yunnan province, made its debut on the Nasdaq in April. In just seven years, the brand has opened nearly 170 outlets in Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and other countries.

\n

Heytea, one of China's best-known upmarket tea brands, launched its international journey from Singapore in 2018. It has since expanded into London, Melbourne, Kuala Lumpur, Seoul, and several North American cities. Over the past year, Heytea's overseas store count jumped more than sixfold, from fewer than 20 to over 100. In the United States alone, the number of stores rose from two to over 30.

\n

The brand's Cupertino outlet in California, located near the headquarters of Apple Inc, drew long lines on opening day. "Our Times Square store in New York sold over 3,500 cups on its first day, and the Flushing store reached 3,300 cups daily by Day Three," said Cheng Hao, general manager of the Public Communication Center of Heytea. "Even in the off-season, our outlet in San Jose maintains sales levels close to opening day."

\n

A viral presence on social media has helped fuel the craze.

\n

Videos of two-hour wait lines and customer reviews comparing Chinese tea to coffee in addictiveness have boosted visibility among US consumers.

\n

As the Chinese brands continue their global expansion, analysts said their long-term success will depend on how well they manage supply chains, maintain brand quality and navigate regional competition — while retaining the cultural appeal that first set them apart.

\n

zhengyiran@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "content": "

People pass by a Heytea pop-up store showcasing its "new-style tea" products in Paris on July 26,2024.

\n

Chinese new-style tea brands are accelerating their push into overseas markets, leveraging product innovation, digital operations, and a growing global interest in health-boosting beverages.

\n

The trend marks a new phase in the globalization of China's consumer brands, analysts said.

\n

Tea chains — once focused on the domestic market — have begun to systematically scale up their presence abroad.

\n

From Southeast Asia to North America and Europe, Chinese companies like Mixue, Heytea and Chagee are establishing a presence in major urban centers and retail hot spots.

\n

"The overseas growth of Chinese tea brands shows that they are moving up the value chain — from lowcost producers to lifestyle and culture exporters," said Wang Peng, associate research fellow at the Beijing Academy of Social Sciences.

\n

He pointed to the global shift in beverage preferences, especially among younger consumers, as a key driver. "Consumers are looking for lower-sugar, innovative and Instagrammable drinks that reflect cultural diversity."

\n

Zhan Junhao, founder of brand consultancy Fujian Huace Brand Positioning Consulting, noted that success abroad has depended on thoughtful localization strategies.

\n

"Chinese tea companies have adjusted flavors to suit local palates, while retaining signature products that communicate authenticity. This balance between adaptation and brand identity has been critical," he said.

\n

According to National Business Daily, six Chinese tea brands had gone public by July, and together they operate over 5,000 outlets overseas.

\n

Among the most active players is Mixue Group, which was listed on the Hong Kong stock exchange in March. Its prospectus revealed that the company had opened 4,895 outlets overseas by the end of 2024, accounting for more than 10 percent of its global footprint.

\n

Chagee, a premium tea chain based in Yunnan province, made its debut on the Nasdaq in April. In just seven years, the brand has opened nearly 170 outlets in Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and other countries.

\n

Heytea, one of China's best-known upmarket tea brands, launched its international journey from Singapore in 2018. It has since expanded into London, Melbourne, Kuala Lumpur, Seoul, and several North American cities. Over the past year, Heytea's overseas store count jumped more than sixfold, from fewer than 20 to over 100. In the United States alone, the number of stores rose from two to over 30.

\n

The brand's Cupertino outlet in California, located near the headquarters of Apple Inc, drew long lines on opening day. "Our Times Square store in New York sold over 3,500 cups on its first day, and the Flushing store reached 3,300 cups daily by Day Three," said Cheng Hao, general manager of the Public Communication Center of Heytea. "Even in the off-season, our outlet in San Jose maintains sales levels close to opening day."

\n

A viral presence on social media has helped fuel the craze.

\n

Videos of two-hour wait lines and customer reviews comparing Chinese tea to coffee in addictiveness have boosted visibility among US consumers.

\n

As the Chinese brands continue their global expansion, analysts said their long-term success will depend on how well they manage supply chains, maintain brand quality and navigate regional competition — while retaining the cultural appeal that first set them apart.

\n

zhengyiran@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/22/content_013_68a79426ed50ccabe1517f6b.htm#013BUSINESS", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Fri, 22 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "0346407292d24c3baaa6e8e2aaecbe32", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "013BUSINESS - Briefly", "description": "

Yuan strengthens to 7.1287 against USD

\n

The central parity rate of the Chinese currency renminbi, or the yuan, strengthened 97 pips to 7.1287 against the US dollar on Thursday, according to the China Foreign Exchange Trade System. The central parity rate of the yuan against the US dollar is based on a weighted average of prices offered by market makers before the opening of the interbank market each business day.

\n

Shanxi reports more raw coal production

\n

Coal-rich province of Shanxi reported 756.44 million metric tons of raw coal production in the first seven months, up 7.2 percent year-on-year, according to local authorities. As the country's top coal producer, Shanxi contributed 27.2 percent of China's total output during this period.

\n

", @@ -4093,28 +3587,6 @@ "hash": "00bc44fd8292b6fefd215c72cf393602", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "014BUSINESS - Home appliance makers tap into silver economy", - "description": "

Seniors check out air conditioners at a shopping center in Shanghai.

\n\n

As China's silver economy is gaining growth momentum, top Chinese home appliance makers are ramping up efforts to launch products suitable for seniors — a demographic that has shown an increasing demand for diversified, easy-to-use and health-oriented household appliances.

\n

Experts said that with functions such as intelligent voice interaction and health monitoring powered by artificial intelligence technology being increasingly integrated into home appliances, it will be more convenient for seniors to use these intelligent and innovative products, creating new consumption growth drivers.

\n

Chinese home appliance giant Haier Group has developed AI-driven rehabilitation robots, which can provide personalized rehab plans based on the physical conditions of the elderly. The company has rolled out toilets designed for seniors who have mobility issues, as well as showers and bathrooms with constant temperature control systems and voice recognition functionality.

\n

Hisense Group has launched televisions equipped with medical-level vision protection technology that is in accordance with the viewing habits and preferences of the elderly. Seniors can play games, engage in physical exercise, make purchases online and have video chats with their friends and family members via the intelligent TVs.

\n

The company is also collaborating with top-tier hospitals across the nation to develop healthcare management platforms.

\n

Sichuan Changhong Electronic Holding Group has developed a smart eldercare system, enabling interconnections of home appliances, medical devices and security systems, and its AI-powered TV sets can understand the needs of seniors and remind them of taking medications on time.

\n

Eyeing the immense business opportunities from China's silver economy and a rapidly aging population, major home appliance makers are stepping up research and development and technological innovation of senior-friendly products to satisfy the diversified demands of the expanding demographic, said Jiang Feng, president of the China Household Electrical Appliances Association.

\n

Jiang said traditional home appliance products are highly homogenized, while the niche market targeting seniors is still in its initial stages, which will create new sources of revenue for home appliance companies.

\n

Beijing-based market consultancy All View Cloud said the scale of China's senior-friendly home appliance market will exceed 100 billion yuan ($14 billion) in 2025 and is expected to reach 1 trillion yuan in 2030.

\n

According to the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the nation's elderly population is projected to grow by more than 10 million annually over the next decade. By 2035, the silver economy is expected to account for 9 percent of China's GDP.

\n

China has released a guideline aimed at building up a solid services system for the elderly by 2029, as part of a broader push to better cope with the aging population and improve the quality of life for seniors.

\n

According to the guideline, the central authorities encourage companies to develop and promote products for the elderly — either high-tech electrical appliances or tourism products — and enrich services for them, aiming for a prosperous silver economy.

\n

China's silver economy is expected to grow from 7 trillion yuan in 2024 to 30 trillion yuan in 2035, said the China Research Center on Aging.

\n

Liang Zhenpeng, an independent consumer electronics analyst, said that as smart air conditioners can automatically adjust room temperatures and AI TVs can broadcast personal health information, household appliances are becoming "emotional companions" for the elderly.

\n

With the help of AI, senior-friendly home appliances are creating a safer, more comfortable and smarter home environment for silver-haired residents, Liang said, adding that these products should cater to the fundamental needs of the elderly, while home appliance makers need to further expand application scenarios, striking a balance between technological iteration and user education.

\n

In order to meet the older generation's personalized needs and rising willingness and ability to spend on high-quality goods, he stressed the need to establish standards for senior-oriented home appliances and launch more intelligent home products, such as nursing and housekeeping robots for senior citizens.

\n

Zhang Subing, chief expert at the China Electronics Standardization Institute, said more efforts should be made to strengthen technological innovation, improve product design and enhance after-sales support for the elderly, with a key focus on embedding AI and health-oriented functions into intelligent terminal devices.

\n

fanfeifei@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "content": "

Seniors check out air conditioners at a shopping center in Shanghai.

\n\n

As China's silver economy is gaining growth momentum, top Chinese home appliance makers are ramping up efforts to launch products suitable for seniors — a demographic that has shown an increasing demand for diversified, easy-to-use and health-oriented household appliances.

\n

Experts said that with functions such as intelligent voice interaction and health monitoring powered by artificial intelligence technology being increasingly integrated into home appliances, it will be more convenient for seniors to use these intelligent and innovative products, creating new consumption growth drivers.

\n

Chinese home appliance giant Haier Group has developed AI-driven rehabilitation robots, which can provide personalized rehab plans based on the physical conditions of the elderly. The company has rolled out toilets designed for seniors who have mobility issues, as well as showers and bathrooms with constant temperature control systems and voice recognition functionality.

\n

Hisense Group has launched televisions equipped with medical-level vision protection technology that is in accordance with the viewing habits and preferences of the elderly. Seniors can play games, engage in physical exercise, make purchases online and have video chats with their friends and family members via the intelligent TVs.

\n

The company is also collaborating with top-tier hospitals across the nation to develop healthcare management platforms.

\n

Sichuan Changhong Electronic Holding Group has developed a smart eldercare system, enabling interconnections of home appliances, medical devices and security systems, and its AI-powered TV sets can understand the needs of seniors and remind them of taking medications on time.

\n

Eyeing the immense business opportunities from China's silver economy and a rapidly aging population, major home appliance makers are stepping up research and development and technological innovation of senior-friendly products to satisfy the diversified demands of the expanding demographic, said Jiang Feng, president of the China Household Electrical Appliances Association.

\n

Jiang said traditional home appliance products are highly homogenized, while the niche market targeting seniors is still in its initial stages, which will create new sources of revenue for home appliance companies.

\n

Beijing-based market consultancy All View Cloud said the scale of China's senior-friendly home appliance market will exceed 100 billion yuan ($14 billion) in 2025 and is expected to reach 1 trillion yuan in 2030.

\n

According to the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the nation's elderly population is projected to grow by more than 10 million annually over the next decade. By 2035, the silver economy is expected to account for 9 percent of China's GDP.

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China has released a guideline aimed at building up a solid services system for the elderly by 2029, as part of a broader push to better cope with the aging population and improve the quality of life for seniors.

\n

According to the guideline, the central authorities encourage companies to develop and promote products for the elderly — either high-tech electrical appliances or tourism products — and enrich services for them, aiming for a prosperous silver economy.

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China's silver economy is expected to grow from 7 trillion yuan in 2024 to 30 trillion yuan in 2035, said the China Research Center on Aging.

\n

Liang Zhenpeng, an independent consumer electronics analyst, said that as smart air conditioners can automatically adjust room temperatures and AI TVs can broadcast personal health information, household appliances are becoming "emotional companions" for the elderly.

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With the help of AI, senior-friendly home appliances are creating a safer, more comfortable and smarter home environment for silver-haired residents, Liang said, adding that these products should cater to the fundamental needs of the elderly, while home appliance makers need to further expand application scenarios, striking a balance between technological iteration and user education.

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In order to meet the older generation's personalized needs and rising willingness and ability to spend on high-quality goods, he stressed the need to establish standards for senior-oriented home appliances and launch more intelligent home products, such as nursing and housekeeping robots for senior citizens.

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Zhang Subing, chief expert at the China Electronics Standardization Institute, said more efforts should be made to strengthen technological innovation, improve product design and enhance after-sales support for the elderly, with a key focus on embedding AI and health-oriented functions into intelligent terminal devices.

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fanfeifei@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

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\"头图\"/
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这得先解答第一个问题：

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蚊子到底是怎么牢牢粘在各种表面上的？

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\"\"
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把蚊子的脚放大成千上万倍，科学家们发现上面布满了像刷子一样、超级细微的毛发，我们叫它“刚毛” [1]。

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于是科学家提出了一个猜想：对于我们人来说，一个表面越光滑可能感觉越“粘”，但对于拥有这身“装备”的蚊子来说，情况可能正好相反。他们认为，

\n

一个粗糙的表面，反而能让蚊子脚上的无数根小“刷毛”找到更多的接触点，像无数个微型的小钩子一样抓住表面，从而产生更大的附着力 。

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左边光滑表面接触点少，附着力低；右边粗糙表面接触点多，附着力高
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为了验证这个猜想，科学家们设计了一个非常精妙的实验。他们找来一台能测量极微小力量的“神器”——原子力显微镜（AFM） 。但这次，他们没有用标准的探针，而是做了一个大胆的改造：他们小心翼翼地剪下一条蚊子的腿，用胶把它粘在了显微镜的探针上。

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这样一来，他们就可以精确地控制这条“自动化”的蚊子腿，去触碰不同的表面，并测量把它拉开需要多大的力，这个力就是附着力 。

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他们准备了两种主要测试品：

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    \n
  1. 光滑的塑料片 (HDPE)
    2. \n
  2. 被特殊处理过的、粗糙的塑料片
    3. \n
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\"\"
四种不同粗糙度塑料表面的显微镜照片
\n

然后，让蚊子腿一次又一次地“踩”向不同的表面。

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实验结果完全证实了科学家的猜想。在光滑的塑料表面上，一个样本测得的平均附着力大约是 12.0 nN（纳牛顿，一个非常小的力单位） 。

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然而，当同一条蚊子腿踩在粗糙的表面上时，随着表面从光滑（I）变得更粗糙（II、III），附着力也随之增加 ，平均附着力飙升到了 76.2 nN 。附着力整整增强了 6 倍多。这证明了，对于蚊子来说，粗糙的表面确实能提供更强的“抓力” 。

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\"\"
随着表面从光滑（I）变得更粗糙（II、III），附着力也随之增加 。
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科学家们又有了新的问题：这种附着力是纯粹的物理接触力（范德华力），还是空气中的水汽也像胶水一样起到了作用（毛细作用力）？

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范德华力是一种弱的分子间吸引力，当两个物体表面距离小于 10 nm 时，就会产生。它不需要任何化学物质或液体中介，而是源于电子云的瞬时极化。

\n

他们设计了第二个实验来回答这个问题。这次他们引入了两种性质完全不同的表面，并在一个可以控制湿度的密闭空间里进行测试 ：

\n
    \n
  1. 疏水表面：就是我们之前用的塑料(HDPE)，它不怎么吸水 。
    2. \n
  2. 亲水表面：一种被酸清洗过的硅片，非常容易吸附水汽 。
    3. \n
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\"\"
图(b)和(c)展示了水滴在这两种表面上的形态，直观地显示了它们的疏水性（不吸水）和亲水性（吸水） 。
\n

结果，在不吸水的塑料表面，无论空气湿度怎么变（从 10%到 90%），附着力始终稳定在 20 nN 左右，几乎不变 。这说明在这里，水汽基本没起作用，附着力主要就是范德华力。

\n
\"\"
在不吸水的塑料表面上，附着力基本不受湿度影响，说明蚊子自身的附着力主要来自范德华力 。但在吸水的硅片表面，附着力随湿度增加而显著增强，这表明空气中的水汽在表面形成水膜，产生了额外的毛细作用力，帮助蚊子粘得更牢 。
\n

而在吸水的硅片表面，当环境干燥时，附着力约为 40 nN。但当湿度增加到 60%时，附着力竟飙升到了 150 nN 以上。

\n

这很好说明了，蚊子的附着在墙上就是范德华力，但在潮湿且亲水的表面，水汽会变成一个强大的“助攻”，大大增强其附着力。

\n

在实验中，科学家为了不损坏蚊子腿和精密的仪器，只施加了一个非常微小的预加载力（Preload），仅为 50 nN 。

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研究论文中明确提到，一只活的蚊子为了站稳，它会用力压住腿部。这个力有多大呢？论文估算，每条腿典型的预加载力约为 4 mN（毫牛顿），也就是 4000000 nN 。

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\"\"
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什么是预加载力？

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预加载力可以通俗地理解为蚊子在让脚垫“粘”到表面上时，主动用肌肉向下“按”或“压”的那一下初始力量。

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一旦蚊子通过预加载力让自己的脚垫牢牢地附着在了墙面或天花板上，接下来的事情就变得非常“节能”了。

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因为产生附着力的范德华力是一种物理力，就像磁铁吸在冰箱上一样。一旦分子间的距离足够近，这种吸引力就持续存在，不需要消耗蚊子的生物能量（ATP）来维持，就进入了一种低能耗的待机模式。

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\"\"
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而方向差异不改变被动性质（对抗墙壁的滑动阻力和垂直拉扯力），也就说不管墙壁还是天花板都不费力[2]。

\n
\"\"
不止蚊子，大部分的昆虫和壁虎这些，脚上有刚毛的都是靠范德华力
\n

科学家没直接抓蚊子测，用了也用范德华力粘附的杖虫做实验，因为脚结构差不多[3]。他们让杖虫在墙壁和天花板上爬，用传感器测力气。发现虫子在两种地方的“粘力”差不多，安全系数（粘力除以体重）都在 20-100 倍。意思是，虫子超稳，不会掉，也不用多费力气。

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维持不需要能量，只有分离时需微量机械功。这种机制进化出来就是为了省能量。

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\"\"
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查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", @@ -6856,28 +6328,6 @@ "hash": "774b8eba327eb5578a35bead1b94e3ac", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "世界各国的文字几乎都变成了字母文字，为何唯独中国文字两千年来都保持汉字不变？", - "description": "
\"头图\"/
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几乎所有的回答都有一个默认的前提：语言早于文字。

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这怎么可能不对呢？

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难道不是先有说话，才可能有记录说话的需求？

\n

我们总在线性思维中整理着自己的过去：

\n
\"\"
插图引子丹尼尔.L.埃弗雷特的《语言的诞生》
\n
这个东西叫做“人工搬运物”。
什么意思？就是说这个像人脸的“石头”，并不是人类雕刻出来的人工产物。
而是很可能早到南方古猿时代，类人猿从自然界中间寻找到的自身形象的觉察物。
这个东西的发现对语言学具有颠覆价值的原因是，它很可能解释了表意文字完全不同于表音文字的“演化历程”。
早在现代智人还没有形成之前，“人工搬运物”作为人类对自身的觉察就已经开始以一种“符号提取”的方式出现在自然物的有意识的选择，而不是制造之中。
这一发现，甚至会撼动人类工具演化的诸多理论。
比如，我们完全可以设想，最早期的工具演化就是一种“人工搬运”。
我们把“尖锐”、“锋利”、“结实”等诸多概念从自然物中“搬运”入自己的工具集里。
因此所有的人类创造，首先必须能够提取“意义”，随后才能制造工具。
这就是表意文字的恐怖之处。
它根本不是语言的“记录”，甚至更合理的猜测是，它反而是语言的缔造者。
——易经的科学原理是什么？
\n

当我们说文字和语言的线性关系的时候，我们其实就已经掉入了题主和大部分答主的前置设定之中。

\n

那就是文字和语言的进化是严格的语言线性的先行的。

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但我认为语言人类学的很多发现并不支持这种看起来绝对正确的思维。

\n

就像大卫.格雷伯清晰的证明了，早期人类社会，不存在一个广泛存在的以物易物的交换系统。

\n

丹尼尔.L.埃弗雷特在《语言的诞生》中，也清晰的证明了文字和认知—意识之间的演化关系。

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也就是说，文字作为一种符号实践，其诞生的演化需求，很可能要远远早于语言。

\n

我们之所以觉得语言必定早于文字，无非是因为我们把表音文字的语言转化效用，当成了语言的本质，同时也把文字和认知之间的关系，当成了一种绝对教条的——因果关系。

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我们下意识的认为，一定必须先有语言作为一种对认知的“显现”，随后才需要文字对这种显现记录。

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随后我们认为在动物日常中间的，基于发音的“信息交流”就是语言的母体：

\n
\"\"
摘自布鲁诺.G.巴拉的《认知语用学：交际的心智过程》
\n

但如果我们仔细审查这个信息和语言关系的图标，你会发现信息的交流结构中不存在语言的效用：

\n
这是《认知语用学》里的一副插图，将人类的交际行为和动物的交际行为做了一个对比，我们可以看到“信息提取”——也就是分辨事物——并不是人和动物在交际上的主要区别。同样交际——也就是信息交流——原则上也无需语言的参与。前两种能力的唯一区别是意向性，我们可以简略的把它理解成为是否具有目的性，毕竟当一只狮子在草原上溜达，无意中发现了一只羚羊，并不需要有意为之，不管它是否饥饿，羚羊的形象都会自然的通过狮子发现的线索，出现在它的心灵里，而如果这个发现触发了捕猎，羚羊就成了一个目标，狮子必须跟随这个目标不停的调整自己的行为，如果是合作狩猎，它还需要呼叫同伴，让其和自己拥有共同的目标，围绕目标的一系列的目的性行为，就可以被看作是有意向的。
图例上进一步表示，前两种互动虽然有意向性上的区别，但都是非象征性的，只有人类的交际行为，那种运用语言的交流，才能称之为象征性的。
——第十节：象征之眼
\n

意向性——表达为对象性陈述为象征性，其实就是对意识的描述。

\n

所以，严格来说创造工具并不会需要意识，只有有目的，有意象的从物中提取工具的符号形象，才能称之为有意识：

\n
【……伯施和伯施.阿克曼（Boesch and Boesch Achermann，1991）通过对象牙海岸雨林中的野生大猩猩的观察发现，为了让小猩猩学会如何敲碎坚果，猩猩母亲用类似锤子的工具现场展示。事实上，猩猩母亲不仅给小猩猩提供锤子，而且向它演示如何使用锤子、坚果怎么放等细节。……】
这段话摘抄自布鲁诺.G.巴拉的《认知语用学：交际的心智过程》，猩猩母亲掌握了使用工具的能力，考虑到它已经能够从自然物中分离出“锤子”，不得不说大猩猩拥有了某种非常原始的意象。可当它们没有语言的时候，这些意象并不能像概念那样被精确掌握，并用来解释“锤子”的功用。它们传达这些能力的唯一方式就是直观的演示，一遍一遍的，猩猩母亲不停的重复着使用工具的体验，希望孩子在一旁的观察中，能够从它自己的体验里分辨出“锤子”与其他石头的区别（界限），以及作为一个工具的意义。依赖生命体验的实践虽然让大猩猩掌握了某些也许可以称为概念前身的模糊意象，但作为一个没有语言的生灵，它是无法孤立于自己的行为，而将自己的体验传达给其他同类的。
——同上
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而表意文字的整个演化过程，几乎就是人类认知→意识的产生过程。

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也就是说仅仅从语音的信息交流出发，用一种教条的线性进步的逻辑，声称语言中的“意向性陈述”来自于原始的，动物也存在的，语音的信息交流的需求，是极端不合理的。

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这也是为什么即便在香农的信息建模中，我们也照样看不到语义存在的原因：

\n
\"\"
摘自丹尼尔.L.埃弗雷特的《语言的诞生》
\n
香农的通信管道隐喻，只能为信息的明确性负责，而根本无法为语义的明确性负责。
毕竟，信息学关心的不是“这句话传达了什么？”，而是“这句话传达了吗？”。
一组编码的可辨别性，和一组编码的“意义”是根本不可能通约的。
主流的认知科学，解决这个问题的方法，是拒绝面对它。
比如乔姆斯基的“UG”，在一种算法逻辑下，关心所谓的“亚人符号”其实说白了，就是想要在自己的语言学理论里，拒绝“语义”这个概念。
本质上，他希望“功能主义”的所谓副现象在这里发挥作用。
也就是说，语言不过是某种类似于“基因编码”的规律性运动，这个规律性运动是一切语言行为的“发动机”；而所谓的语义，不过是这个语言行为的——副现象——也就是发动机的轰鸣声。
在这样的意义上，主流的，遵从于 UG 路径的语言学家们，其实根本不在乎“语义”这么个东西。
这种心态和传统认知心理学根本不在乎“意识”，而只在乎“智能”是一个道理。
在大多数认知学家的视域里，“意识”是一个语义欠明的——缀词。
所以，在主流语言学中，过度的，甚至冗余的对数学的依赖，其实只不过是不停的尝试将语言学转化为一种信息学的趋势罢了。
——被发明的认知：作为文化迁移的语言演化
\n

这就是为什么我认为表意文字在认知演化上的效用，要远远大于表音文字的原因。

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也就是说，表意符号的实践操作，以百万年为单位，很可能横跨了早期古人种的整个演化历程。

\n

也因此表意符号演化为表意文字很可能是所有语音最终能够实践为语言的根本前提。

\n
\n

很好，说清楚了这个问题，我们回到表音文字对表意文字的替代问题上。

\n

这个问题极度复杂，我只说一个最粗糙的线条。

\n

在人类神话时代的晚期，部族的迁徙问题，开始表现成为一种“入侵”问题。

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入侵这个概念，不存在与文化体系形成之前。

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没有文化体系，实际上就不会产生迁徙的时间—历史性觉察。

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也就是不会出现祖先、图腾、仪式的传承问题。

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没有这些传承问题，就算是长期定居，也不会形成对地域的文化固着。

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不会形成疆界、领土这样的概念。

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狩猎采集文化可以将法杖伫立的地方比作“世界的中心”。

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也就是说世界是可以被部落从一个地区带到另一个地区，不存在一种时间和空间交汇的，历史的起点。

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部落之间发生冲突，就算是以百年为单位的定居生活被破坏，只要这种定居的文化体系还没有固着在时空中（历史性的前身），那么占领者和迁徙者之间就不存在任何“被侵略”和“侵略”的问题。

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土地和果实没有本质区别。

\n

但随着表意符号体系的越来越成熟，它不仅要求语音能够传达意向性，这种认知最基底的效用。

\n

它开始对语言再次产生了符号提起的需求。

\n

这就是所谓的语义——意义的认知演化，文化在这种演化中产生了。

\n

语义是构筑一切世界时空（也就是对象化—客观性）认知的基底。

\n

这种认知带来了“存在性”问题。

\n

文化为其居住的时空提供了意义，并将这些时空存在化。

\n

这是一切农耕能够发展为农业文明的根本前提。

\n

文化人类学发现了广泛存在于早期人类那里的农业停滞问题。

\n

也就是人类非常早期就已经掌握了发展农业所需要的大量植物培育技术。

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但世界的存在性——意义性追求没有产生之前，对一个地区的深度开发的意愿性是不存在的。

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所以，仅仅依靠地理决定论是不能解释早期人类那里广泛存在的农业停滞问题的。

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只有一种文化体系——祖先 / 神灵崇拜的时空性—历史性回溯，才可能造成对一个地域和一种文化的永恒性绑定问题。

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人类最早的一批定居文化就是这样形成的。

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但紧接着，以原始印欧人横跨欧亚大陆的大迁徙为代表，人类历史上最早的入侵出现了：

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当这些原始印欧人到达他们的新家园时，他们遇到了当地的族群，后者相对要和平一些，不那么尚武好战，从事农耕生产，富于艺术创造力，在社会结构上或许是平等主义的，而且崇拜女神。本土民族拥有发达的审美意识，他们建造二层楼房和美丽的神庙——我们已为这些建筑做了陶土模型。他们还生产优美的彩绘陶器。他们或被库尔干人同化，或被消灭，因为库尔干人驯化了马，又具有军事才能，这都使他们占尽优势。原始印欧人还把他们的语言和宗教强加给本土族群，尽管在因此而形成的“印欧”语言与文化中，本土语言与宗教的一些残迹一直在其底层存在着。这样看来所谓“印欧”，便是库尔干人和古欧洲人相融合的一个结果。
——马丽加.金芭塔丝《活着的女神》
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这个入侵过程，在印度就表现成为一种为了彻底隔离古文明的种姓制度的形成史：

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这就是为什么西方的传统文化，也就是常青藤哲学，动不动就要把自己的神秘学谱系，往印度歪，因为实在无法在欧洲去溯源这个传统。
但我一直说，印度断代的问题，比起欧洲，更是一笔烂账。
印度教实际上是雅利安人入侵之后，为了断绝哈拉帕文明的传统而出现的。
而这个断绝的“畸形决策”，直接造成了传统精神的重大创伤。
不要忘了一切传统文化的根，就在对人类传承的根本维护上。
可全世界任何一个地区，也没有印度的种姓制度神学化后的宗教——印度教——更畸形的斩断传承的。
尽管有物质文明的灭绝，甚至可能蔓延到文化精神的遮蔽，但不管如何，没有哪个地区会为了隔绝过去，而发明出一种隔绝的宗教体系。
——周易和塔罗的区别是什么？
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尽管其他地区没有印度这么“决绝”，但广泛的入侵形态的融合，带来的替代问题很可能才是表音文字诞生的一大动力。

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不同的文化产生了剧烈的碰撞，表意实践还没有深入到语义—存在—意义阶段的体系，面临着一个如何吸收“异族语义”的过程。

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这个异族性觉察，还是其占领，侵袭文化提供的。

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也就是民族性是被征服民族提供的奇特结构，带来了一种极端的，需要真理化征服者的需求。

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这是最早的基于外部征服—真理性—客观性对神话性宗教，进行神学性改造的起点。

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绝对的善恶观，将道德律法化，唯一的真理→神的统治——这一切都是征服者通过被征服者的文化，产生的一种荒谬的，怎么说呢……“文明觉醒”？

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表音文字的大发展亦是这种征服—侵略性文明觉醒的一部分。

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注意，我这里不是说表音文字代表着一种侵略性，我是说没有文化体系之间的侵略—征服性的剧烈变动，不同文化的文字交流，不可能如此激烈、急切的表达成为一种语音的符号转译，而不是认知的符号实践。

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实际上古埃及的象形文字的在异族入侵压力下的大变迁，就体现了这一点：

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埃及人和赫梯人的区别该如何建立？如果说在埃及鼎盛时期这一问题可以被忽略，那么当异族已经入主帝国，成为了埃及主人的时候，文化就开始了其“内化”的过程。
这一过程已经无法从当下的危机中寻求力量，反省过去成为了一个契机。
每一个文明、文化、或者民族个体，当它们觉察到自身的存在（这种觉察最容易被文明的存亡危机所激活）的时候，为自己寻求与他者边界的意图就开始变得紧迫了起来。
一个文化工具必须为其存在提供一个过去的源头，这个源头不能再是理所当然的关于当下的自然延展。变化带来的冲击必须的得到解释，觉察正在从流动的体验中渴望寻找到永恒的线索。这就是历史的最初冲动吗？
埃及人选择了神庙作为过去的源头。毕竟在埃及的神话中神庙建立在原初世界那混沌中最初的土堆之上。那是神圣的，那是创世的最高起源。
于是神庙在埃及文化后起的异族危机中开始层层包裹，与外界隔离的欲望在建筑结构的封闭中不停的体现了出来。神庙里的象形文字从 700 个激增到 7000 个，这个时候独立的文字已经无法承担精确性的历史追求，如果说当下为歧义提供了最丰满的语境，那么死去的历史重建则远离了这种丰满，它渴望更为精确的区别，历史追求的是一种无可置疑的，刻板而繁杂的奠基。
这是文明的边界、民族的壁垒。
——死后的历史：大传统构建的文本过去
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一种象形—表意文字的衰落，往往是一个文明即将被彻底替代的标志。

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后来者并不愿意完全传承过去的历史，而是从它的尸体中寻找重新搭建征服者文化的技术。

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从这一次大入侵→大征服之后，表意文字所代表的，那个人类早期，创造了一切认知基底的神话时代，在世界大部分地区就结束了。

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表意文字所代表的那种基于体验—觉察为基底的，认知形态也开始被抛弃。

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但在东亚区域的华夏文明圈却保留了这种认知形态。

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这就是为什么在很多迷恋客观性—对象化思维的现代人来说，中国传统文化总会被谩骂成为一种活该在近代落后的，没有科学—理性精神的落后文明的原因。

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但这种思维的可悲，就像表音和表意文字的线性—替代—进步思维一样，就像把科学和技术实践做出强绑定，货币和以物易物做出强绑定，信息和文字做出强绑定一样，它纯粹就是一种客观性思维的产物，而从来不可能提供一种有效的对何为客观性思维的审查：

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一切所谓工具理性，实验精神都不是一种“系统”，更不是什么拥有本质的精神，它从头到尾就是一种——民俗。
一切基于“工程操作”理念的认知集合（比如工具、实验……），都不过是一种技术手册，这个技术手册中的一切经验规律，都根本不需要进行——哲学化的确定性总结，也就是所谓的——科学。
也就是说，你以为科学的巨大价值，无非是一个鸠占鹊巢的游戏，而这个游戏的始作俑者，就是哲学的现代化构造——科学精神：
【以下是我们准备支持的哲学观点：科学精神必须在反自然、反我们身上和身外的本性冲动和号令中，反自然的驱使、反色彩斑斓和多样的事实中形成。
——巴什拉《科学精神的形成》】
巴什拉在他的这本著作中，最准确但同时在我看来也是最可笑的展示了这种科学精神最实质的内涵——科学的政治性规约。
科学的一切操作根本没有任何创造性可言，在大部分技术环节，“科学”这个概念是毫无价值，也是毫无意义的，它唯一的作用，就是在一切“多样性”、“自然而然”、“色彩斑斓”、“事实”的实践—实验之后，来按照一种既定的标准对这一切实践做出“价值裁决”。
这个价值裁决，才是“科学”这个概念能够在现代社会发挥效用的——唯一目的。
——如今的哲学变成什么样了？
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这就是信息→语音→语言→文字，在科学陈述中的，一切所谓合理性的来源。

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好了，当我们弄清楚了在认知诞生的初期，表意文字的演化所扮演的角色，我们就会明白为什么表音文字，在这种视域下，根本没有跟表意文字进行对比的空间。

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同时，如果我们也熟悉了表音文字自身大发展，是如何与神话时代晚期的，人类最早的一次入侵所带来的征服文化的大崛起的历史息息相关的，那么“客观性—对象化—神学化”思维为什么在表音文字中如此核心，就实在不那么奇怪了。

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那么，当我们掌握了这些“区别”，我们回到中国的表意文字，回想一下近代拉丁化思潮对它的口诛笔伐，是不是就有了一些理解其历史原因的线索？

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所以，为什么唯独中国的文字几经变迁，备受摧残，却最终仍然没有丢弃自己的“表意”？

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这个文字和它那遥远过去的“根”到底是什么关系？

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对这一切的摸索就要靠我们自己各自的志趣了。

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毕竟，这个时代，我们自身文化的研究，恐怕大部分的主流，也在科学的名义下，实在表音化了……。

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", - "content": "
\"头图\"/
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几乎所有的回答都有一个默认的前提：语言早于文字。

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这怎么可能不对呢？

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难道不是先有说话，才可能有记录说话的需求？

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我们总在线性思维中整理着自己的过去：

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\"\"
插图引子丹尼尔.L.埃弗雷特的《语言的诞生》
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这个东西叫做“人工搬运物”。
什么意思？就是说这个像人脸的“石头”，并不是人类雕刻出来的人工产物。
而是很可能早到南方古猿时代，类人猿从自然界中间寻找到的自身形象的觉察物。
这个东西的发现对语言学具有颠覆价值的原因是，它很可能解释了表意文字完全不同于表音文字的“演化历程”。
早在现代智人还没有形成之前，“人工搬运物”作为人类对自身的觉察就已经开始以一种“符号提取”的方式出现在自然物的有意识的选择，而不是制造之中。
这一发现，甚至会撼动人类工具演化的诸多理论。
比如，我们完全可以设想，最早期的工具演化就是一种“人工搬运”。
我们把“尖锐”、“锋利”、“结实”等诸多概念从自然物中“搬运”入自己的工具集里。
因此所有的人类创造，首先必须能够提取“意义”，随后才能制造工具。
这就是表意文字的恐怖之处。
它根本不是语言的“记录”，甚至更合理的猜测是，它反而是语言的缔造者。
——易经的科学原理是什么？
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当我们说文字和语言的线性关系的时候，我们其实就已经掉入了题主和大部分答主的前置设定之中。

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那就是文字和语言的进化是严格的语言线性的先行的。

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但我认为语言人类学的很多发现并不支持这种看起来绝对正确的思维。

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就像大卫.格雷伯清晰的证明了，早期人类社会，不存在一个广泛存在的以物易物的交换系统。

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丹尼尔.L.埃弗雷特在《语言的诞生》中，也清晰的证明了文字和认知—意识之间的演化关系。

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也就是说，文字作为一种符号实践，其诞生的演化需求，很可能要远远早于语言。

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我们之所以觉得语言必定早于文字，无非是因为我们把表音文字的语言转化效用，当成了语言的本质，同时也把文字和认知之间的关系，当成了一种绝对教条的——因果关系。

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我们下意识的认为，一定必须先有语言作为一种对认知的“显现”，随后才需要文字对这种显现记录。

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随后我们认为在动物日常中间的，基于发音的“信息交流”就是语言的母体：

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\"\"
摘自布鲁诺.G.巴拉的《认知语用学：交际的心智过程》
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但如果我们仔细审查这个信息和语言关系的图标，你会发现信息的交流结构中不存在语言的效用：

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这是《认知语用学》里的一副插图，将人类的交际行为和动物的交际行为做了一个对比，我们可以看到“信息提取”——也就是分辨事物——并不是人和动物在交际上的主要区别。同样交际——也就是信息交流——原则上也无需语言的参与。前两种能力的唯一区别是意向性，我们可以简略的把它理解成为是否具有目的性，毕竟当一只狮子在草原上溜达，无意中发现了一只羚羊，并不需要有意为之，不管它是否饥饿，羚羊的形象都会自然的通过狮子发现的线索，出现在它的心灵里，而如果这个发现触发了捕猎，羚羊就成了一个目标，狮子必须跟随这个目标不停的调整自己的行为，如果是合作狩猎，它还需要呼叫同伴，让其和自己拥有共同的目标，围绕目标的一系列的目的性行为，就可以被看作是有意向的。
图例上进一步表示，前两种互动虽然有意向性上的区别，但都是非象征性的，只有人类的交际行为，那种运用语言的交流，才能称之为象征性的。
——第十节：象征之眼
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意向性——表达为对象性陈述为象征性，其实就是对意识的描述。

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所以，严格来说创造工具并不会需要意识，只有有目的，有意象的从物中提取工具的符号形象，才能称之为有意识：

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【……伯施和伯施.阿克曼（Boesch and Boesch Achermann，1991）通过对象牙海岸雨林中的野生大猩猩的观察发现，为了让小猩猩学会如何敲碎坚果，猩猩母亲用类似锤子的工具现场展示。事实上，猩猩母亲不仅给小猩猩提供锤子，而且向它演示如何使用锤子、坚果怎么放等细节。……】
这段话摘抄自布鲁诺.G.巴拉的《认知语用学：交际的心智过程》，猩猩母亲掌握了使用工具的能力，考虑到它已经能够从自然物中分离出“锤子”，不得不说大猩猩拥有了某种非常原始的意象。可当它们没有语言的时候，这些意象并不能像概念那样被精确掌握，并用来解释“锤子”的功用。它们传达这些能力的唯一方式就是直观的演示，一遍一遍的，猩猩母亲不停的重复着使用工具的体验，希望孩子在一旁的观察中，能够从它自己的体验里分辨出“锤子”与其他石头的区别（界限），以及作为一个工具的意义。依赖生命体验的实践虽然让大猩猩掌握了某些也许可以称为概念前身的模糊意象，但作为一个没有语言的生灵，它是无法孤立于自己的行为，而将自己的体验传达给其他同类的。
——同上
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而表意文字的整个演化过程，几乎就是人类认知→意识的产生过程。

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也就是说仅仅从语音的信息交流出发，用一种教条的线性进步的逻辑，声称语言中的“意向性陈述”来自于原始的，动物也存在的，语音的信息交流的需求，是极端不合理的。

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这也是为什么即便在香农的信息建模中，我们也照样看不到语义存在的原因：

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\"\"
摘自丹尼尔.L.埃弗雷特的《语言的诞生》
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香农的通信管道隐喻，只能为信息的明确性负责，而根本无法为语义的明确性负责。
毕竟，信息学关心的不是“这句话传达了什么？”，而是“这句话传达了吗？”。
一组编码的可辨别性，和一组编码的“意义”是根本不可能通约的。
主流的认知科学，解决这个问题的方法，是拒绝面对它。
比如乔姆斯基的“UG”，在一种算法逻辑下，关心所谓的“亚人符号”其实说白了，就是想要在自己的语言学理论里，拒绝“语义”这个概念。
本质上，他希望“功能主义”的所谓副现象在这里发挥作用。
也就是说，语言不过是某种类似于“基因编码”的规律性运动，这个规律性运动是一切语言行为的“发动机”；而所谓的语义，不过是这个语言行为的——副现象——也就是发动机的轰鸣声。
在这样的意义上，主流的，遵从于 UG 路径的语言学家们，其实根本不在乎“语义”这么个东西。
这种心态和传统认知心理学根本不在乎“意识”，而只在乎“智能”是一个道理。
在大多数认知学家的视域里，“意识”是一个语义欠明的——缀词。
所以，在主流语言学中，过度的，甚至冗余的对数学的依赖，其实只不过是不停的尝试将语言学转化为一种信息学的趋势罢了。
——被发明的认知：作为文化迁移的语言演化
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这就是为什么我认为表意文字在认知演化上的效用，要远远大于表音文字的原因。

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也就是说，表意符号的实践操作，以百万年为单位，很可能横跨了早期古人种的整个演化历程。

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也因此表意符号演化为表意文字很可能是所有语音最终能够实践为语言的根本前提。

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很好，说清楚了这个问题，我们回到表音文字对表意文字的替代问题上。

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这个问题极度复杂，我只说一个最粗糙的线条。

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在人类神话时代的晚期，部族的迁徙问题，开始表现成为一种“入侵”问题。

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入侵这个概念，不存在与文化体系形成之前。

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没有文化体系，实际上就不会产生迁徙的时间—历史性觉察。

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也就是不会出现祖先、图腾、仪式的传承问题。

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没有这些传承问题，就算是长期定居，也不会形成对地域的文化固着。

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不会形成疆界、领土这样的概念。

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狩猎采集文化可以将法杖伫立的地方比作“世界的中心”。

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也就是说世界是可以被部落从一个地区带到另一个地区，不存在一种时间和空间交汇的，历史的起点。

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部落之间发生冲突，就算是以百年为单位的定居生活被破坏，只要这种定居的文化体系还没有固着在时空中（历史性的前身），那么占领者和迁徙者之间就不存在任何“被侵略”和“侵略”的问题。

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土地和果实没有本质区别。

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但随着表意符号体系的越来越成熟，它不仅要求语音能够传达意向性，这种认知最基底的效用。

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它开始对语言再次产生了符号提起的需求。

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这就是所谓的语义——意义的认知演化，文化在这种演化中产生了。

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语义是构筑一切世界时空（也就是对象化—客观性）认知的基底。

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这种认知带来了“存在性”问题。

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文化为其居住的时空提供了意义，并将这些时空存在化。

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这是一切农耕能够发展为农业文明的根本前提。

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文化人类学发现了广泛存在于早期人类那里的农业停滞问题。

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也就是人类非常早期就已经掌握了发展农业所需要的大量植物培育技术。

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但世界的存在性——意义性追求没有产生之前，对一个地区的深度开发的意愿性是不存在的。

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所以，仅仅依靠地理决定论是不能解释早期人类那里广泛存在的农业停滞问题的。

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只有一种文化体系——祖先 / 神灵崇拜的时空性—历史性回溯，才可能造成对一个地域和一种文化的永恒性绑定问题。

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人类最早的一批定居文化就是这样形成的。

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但紧接着，以原始印欧人横跨欧亚大陆的大迁徙为代表，人类历史上最早的入侵出现了：

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当这些原始印欧人到达他们的新家园时，他们遇到了当地的族群，后者相对要和平一些，不那么尚武好战，从事农耕生产，富于艺术创造力，在社会结构上或许是平等主义的，而且崇拜女神。本土民族拥有发达的审美意识，他们建造二层楼房和美丽的神庙——我们已为这些建筑做了陶土模型。他们还生产优美的彩绘陶器。他们或被库尔干人同化，或被消灭，因为库尔干人驯化了马，又具有军事才能，这都使他们占尽优势。原始印欧人还把他们的语言和宗教强加给本土族群，尽管在因此而形成的“印欧”语言与文化中，本土语言与宗教的一些残迹一直在其底层存在着。这样看来所谓“印欧”，便是库尔干人和古欧洲人相融合的一个结果。
——马丽加.金芭塔丝《活着的女神》
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这个入侵过程，在印度就表现成为一种为了彻底隔离古文明的种姓制度的形成史：

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这就是为什么西方的传统文化，也就是常青藤哲学，动不动就要把自己的神秘学谱系，往印度歪，因为实在无法在欧洲去溯源这个传统。
但我一直说，印度断代的问题，比起欧洲，更是一笔烂账。
印度教实际上是雅利安人入侵之后，为了断绝哈拉帕文明的传统而出现的。
而这个断绝的“畸形决策”，直接造成了传统精神的重大创伤。
不要忘了一切传统文化的根，就在对人类传承的根本维护上。
可全世界任何一个地区，也没有印度的种姓制度神学化后的宗教——印度教——更畸形的斩断传承的。
尽管有物质文明的灭绝，甚至可能蔓延到文化精神的遮蔽，但不管如何，没有哪个地区会为了隔绝过去，而发明出一种隔绝的宗教体系。
——周易和塔罗的区别是什么？
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尽管其他地区没有印度这么“决绝”，但广泛的入侵形态的融合，带来的替代问题很可能才是表音文字诞生的一大动力。

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不同的文化产生了剧烈的碰撞，表意实践还没有深入到语义—存在—意义阶段的体系，面临着一个如何吸收“异族语义”的过程。

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这个异族性觉察，还是其占领，侵袭文化提供的。

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也就是民族性是被征服民族提供的奇特结构，带来了一种极端的，需要真理化征服者的需求。

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这是最早的基于外部征服—真理性—客观性对神话性宗教，进行神学性改造的起点。

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绝对的善恶观，将道德律法化，唯一的真理→神的统治——这一切都是征服者通过被征服者的文化，产生的一种荒谬的，怎么说呢……“文明觉醒”？

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表音文字的大发展亦是这种征服—侵略性文明觉醒的一部分。

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注意，我这里不是说表音文字代表着一种侵略性，我是说没有文化体系之间的侵略—征服性的剧烈变动，不同文化的文字交流，不可能如此激烈、急切的表达成为一种语音的符号转译，而不是认知的符号实践。

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实际上古埃及的象形文字的在异族入侵压力下的大变迁，就体现了这一点：

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埃及人和赫梯人的区别该如何建立？如果说在埃及鼎盛时期这一问题可以被忽略，那么当异族已经入主帝国，成为了埃及主人的时候，文化就开始了其“内化”的过程。
这一过程已经无法从当下的危机中寻求力量，反省过去成为了一个契机。
每一个文明、文化、或者民族个体，当它们觉察到自身的存在（这种觉察最容易被文明的存亡危机所激活）的时候，为自己寻求与他者边界的意图就开始变得紧迫了起来。
一个文化工具必须为其存在提供一个过去的源头，这个源头不能再是理所当然的关于当下的自然延展。变化带来的冲击必须的得到解释，觉察正在从流动的体验中渴望寻找到永恒的线索。这就是历史的最初冲动吗？
埃及人选择了神庙作为过去的源头。毕竟在埃及的神话中神庙建立在原初世界那混沌中最初的土堆之上。那是神圣的，那是创世的最高起源。
于是神庙在埃及文化后起的异族危机中开始层层包裹，与外界隔离的欲望在建筑结构的封闭中不停的体现了出来。神庙里的象形文字从 700 个激增到 7000 个，这个时候独立的文字已经无法承担精确性的历史追求，如果说当下为歧义提供了最丰满的语境，那么死去的历史重建则远离了这种丰满，它渴望更为精确的区别，历史追求的是一种无可置疑的，刻板而繁杂的奠基。
这是文明的边界、民族的壁垒。
——死后的历史：大传统构建的文本过去
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一种象形—表意文字的衰落，往往是一个文明即将被彻底替代的标志。

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后来者并不愿意完全传承过去的历史，而是从它的尸体中寻找重新搭建征服者文化的技术。

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从这一次大入侵→大征服之后，表意文字所代表的，那个人类早期，创造了一切认知基底的神话时代，在世界大部分地区就结束了。

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表意文字所代表的那种基于体验—觉察为基底的，认知形态也开始被抛弃。

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但在东亚区域的华夏文明圈却保留了这种认知形态。

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这就是为什么在很多迷恋客观性—对象化思维的现代人来说，中国传统文化总会被谩骂成为一种活该在近代落后的，没有科学—理性精神的落后文明的原因。

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但这种思维的可悲，就像表音和表意文字的线性—替代—进步思维一样，就像把科学和技术实践做出强绑定，货币和以物易物做出强绑定，信息和文字做出强绑定一样，它纯粹就是一种客观性思维的产物，而从来不可能提供一种有效的对何为客观性思维的审查：

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一切所谓工具理性，实验精神都不是一种“系统”，更不是什么拥有本质的精神，它从头到尾就是一种——民俗。
一切基于“工程操作”理念的认知集合（比如工具、实验……），都不过是一种技术手册，这个技术手册中的一切经验规律，都根本不需要进行——哲学化的确定性总结，也就是所谓的——科学。
也就是说，你以为科学的巨大价值，无非是一个鸠占鹊巢的游戏，而这个游戏的始作俑者，就是哲学的现代化构造——科学精神：
【以下是我们准备支持的哲学观点：科学精神必须在反自然、反我们身上和身外的本性冲动和号令中，反自然的驱使、反色彩斑斓和多样的事实中形成。
——巴什拉《科学精神的形成》】
巴什拉在他的这本著作中，最准确但同时在我看来也是最可笑的展示了这种科学精神最实质的内涵——科学的政治性规约。
科学的一切操作根本没有任何创造性可言，在大部分技术环节，“科学”这个概念是毫无价值，也是毫无意义的，它唯一的作用，就是在一切“多样性”、“自然而然”、“色彩斑斓”、“事实”的实践—实验之后，来按照一种既定的标准对这一切实践做出“价值裁决”。
这个价值裁决，才是“科学”这个概念能够在现代社会发挥效用的——唯一目的。
——如今的哲学变成什么样了？
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这就是信息→语音→语言→文字，在科学陈述中的，一切所谓合理性的来源。

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好了，当我们弄清楚了在认知诞生的初期，表意文字的演化所扮演的角色，我们就会明白为什么表音文字，在这种视域下，根本没有跟表意文字进行对比的空间。

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同时，如果我们也熟悉了表音文字自身大发展，是如何与神话时代晚期的，人类最早的一次入侵所带来的征服文化的大崛起的历史息息相关的，那么“客观性—对象化—神学化”思维为什么在表音文字中如此核心，就实在不那么奇怪了。

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那么，当我们掌握了这些“区别”，我们回到中国的表意文字，回想一下近代拉丁化思潮对它的口诛笔伐，是不是就有了一些理解其历史原因的线索？

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所以，为什么唯独中国的文字几经变迁，备受摧残，却最终仍然没有丢弃自己的“表意”？

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这个文字和它那遥远过去的“根”到底是什么关系？

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对这一切的摸索就要靠我们自己各自的志趣了。

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毕竟，这个时代，我们自身文化的研究，恐怕大部分的主流，也在科学的名义下，实在表音化了……。

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Suspended Thai Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra arrives at the Constitutional Court in Bangkok on Thursday to attend a hearing over a case seeking her dismissal over alleged ethics violations.

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