diff --git a/.obsidian/plugins/cubox-sync/data.json b/.obsidian/plugins/cubox-sync/data.json index e24ea6e1..0868804d 100644 --- a/.obsidian/plugins/cubox-sync/data.json +++ b/.obsidian/plugins/cubox-sync/data.json @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ "contentTemplate": "# {{{title}}}\n\n{{{description}}}\n\n{{{article_title}}} //文章内容标题\n{{{content}}} //文章正文\n\n\n[Read in Cubox]({{{cubox_url}}}) \n[Read Original]({{{url}}}) \n\n---\n\n{{#highlights.length}}\n## Annotations \n\n{{#highlights}}\n> {{{text}}} \n\n{{#note}}\n{{{note}}}\n{{/note}}\n[Link️]({{{cubox_url}}}) \n\n{{/highlights}}\n{{/highlights.length}}", "highlightInContent": true, "dateFormat": "yyyy-MM-dd", - "lastSyncTime": 1757942522545, + "lastSyncTime": 1757946122928, "lastSyncCardId": "7365089645652083844", "lastCardUpdateTime": "2025-09-09T21:50:05.999+0800", "syncing": false diff --git a/.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-raindrop-highlights/data.json b/.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-raindrop-highlights/data.json index fb0478ef..2280a7a5 100644 --- a/.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-raindrop-highlights/data.json +++ b/.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-raindrop-highlights/data.json @@ -834,49 +834,49 @@ "id": 38835133, "title": "硬/软件评测", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:02.258Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:55:51.208Z" }, "38835134": { "id": 38835134, "title": "硬/软件评测/硬件评测", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:02.811Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:55:51.795Z" }, "38835135": { "id": 38835135, "title": "硬/软件评测/20230709", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:03.354Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:55:52.389Z" }, "38835136": { "id": 38835136, "title": "硬/软件评测/opencore", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:03.889Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:55:52.952Z" }, "38835137": { "id": 38835137, "title": "硬/软件评测/20230826", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:04.426Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:55:53.538Z" }, "38835138": { "id": 38835138, "title": "硬/软件评测/elasticsearch", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:04.942Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:55:54.123Z" }, "38835140": { "id": 38835140, "title": "硬/软件评测/记账软件", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:05.497Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:55:54.730Z" }, "38835141": { "id": 38835141, "title": "硬/软件评测/图片工具", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:06.024Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:55:55.282Z" }, "38835142": { "id": 38835142, @@ -957,7 +957,7 @@ "id": 38835159, "title": "群晖NAS/docker", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:06.559Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:55:55.860Z" }, "38835160": { "id": 38835160, @@ -973,19 +973,19 @@ "id": 38835163, "title": "群晖NAS/20230708", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:07.082Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:55:56.468Z" }, "38835164": { "id": 38835164, "title": "群晖NAS/20230811", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:07.605Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:55:57.024Z" }, "38835165": { "id": 38835165, "title": "破解网站", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:08.128Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:55:57.644Z" }, "38835166": { "id": 38835166, @@ -1006,13 +1006,13 @@ "id": 38835169, "title": "越狱", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:08.745Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:55:58.264Z" }, "38835170": { "id": 38835170, "title": "越狱/安装ipa", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:09.466Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:55:58.865Z" }, "38835171": { "id": 38835171, @@ -1028,7 +1028,7 @@ "id": 38835174, "title": "越狱/巨魔", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:09.989Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:55:59.417Z" }, "38835175": { "id": 38835175, @@ -1194,7 +1194,7 @@ "id": 38835212, "title": "英语学习", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:10.554Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:00.010Z" }, "38835213": { "id": 38835213, @@ -1255,7 +1255,7 @@ "id": 38835225, "title": "幼儿教育", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:11.072Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:00.680Z" }, "38835226": { "id": 38835226, @@ -1386,25 +1386,25 @@ "id": 38835253, "title": "物联网解决方案/产品评估", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:11.587Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:01.347Z" }, "38835254": { "id": 38835254, "title": "物联网解决方案/产品评估/语音机器人", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:12.110Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:02.342Z" }, "38835255": { "id": 38835255, "title": "物联网解决方案/产品评估/语音机器人/智慧农业", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:12.678Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:03.803Z" }, "38835256": { "id": 38835256, "title": "物联网解决方案/产品评估/语音机器人/智慧农业/智慧照明", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:13.183Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:04.403Z" }, "38835257": { "id": 38835257, @@ -1415,7 +1415,7 @@ "id": 38835258, "title": "物联网解决方案/供应商", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:13.692Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:05.097Z" }, "38835259": { "id": 38835259, @@ -1436,7 +1436,7 @@ "id": 38835262, "title": "物联网解决方案/安防网站", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:14.206Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:05.754Z" }, "38835263": { "id": 38835263, @@ -1462,55 +1462,55 @@ "id": 38835268, "title": "学习网站/ChatGPT", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:14.723Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:06.716Z" }, "38835269": { "id": 38835269, "title": "学习网站/ChatGPT/20230709", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:15.227Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:07.275Z" }, "38835270": { "id": 38835270, "title": "学习网站/Comic", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:15.752Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:08.016Z" }, "38835271": { "id": 38835271, "title": "开发网站", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:16.334Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:08.613Z" }, "38835272": { "id": 38835272, "title": "开发网站/20230709", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:16.891Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:09.206Z" }, "38835273": { "id": 38835273, "title": "开发网站/VSCode", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:17.431Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:09.771Z" }, "38835274": { "id": 38835274, "title": "开发网站/Python", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:18.020Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:10.340Z" }, "38835275": { "id": 38835275, "title": "开发网站/F^Q", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:18.562Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:10.909Z" }, "38835276": { "id": 38835276, "title": "开发网站/F^Q/20230812", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:19.072Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:11.509Z" }, "38835285": { "id": 38835285, @@ -2441,7 +2441,7 @@ "id": 38835489, "title": "群晖NAS", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:19.586Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:12.191Z" }, "38835490": { "id": 38835490, @@ -2452,13 +2452,13 @@ "id": 38835491, "title": "群晖NAS/nginx", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:20.136Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:12.755Z" }, "38835492": { "id": 38835492, "title": "群晖NAS/20230709", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:20.652Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:13.339Z" }, "38835493": { "id": 38835493, @@ -2504,13 +2504,13 @@ "id": 38835502, "title": "越狱/IPA", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:21.170Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:13.920Z" }, "38835503": { "id": 38835503, "title": "越狱/IPA提取", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:21.686Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:14.507Z" }, "38835504": { "id": 38835504, @@ -2891,7 +2891,7 @@ "id": 38835584, "title": "物联网解决方案/行业资讯", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:22.205Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:15.245Z" }, "38835585": { "id": 38835585, @@ -2902,19 +2902,19 @@ "id": 38835586, "title": "物联网解决方案/数字孪生", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:22.718Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:15.804Z" }, "38835587": { "id": 38835587, "title": "物联网解决方案/智慧停车", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:23.250Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:16.371Z" }, "38835588": { "id": 38835588, "title": "物联网解决方案/智能家居", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:23.775Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:16.940Z" }, "38835589": { "id": 38835589, @@ -2925,25 +2925,25 @@ "id": 38835590, "title": "物联网解决方案/智慧酒店", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:24.293Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:17.801Z" }, "38835591": { "id": 38835591, "title": "物联网解决方案/智慧园区", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:24.823Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:18.542Z" }, "38835592": { "id": 38835592, "title": "学习网站", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:25.353Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:19.110Z" }, "38835593": { "id": 38835593, "title": "学习网站/博客", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:25.857Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:19.683Z" }, "38835595": { "id": 38835595, @@ -2964,211 +2964,211 @@ "id": 38835599, "title": "开发网站", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:26.384Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:20.247Z" }, "38835600": { "id": 38835600, "title": "开发网站/20230709", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:26.928Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:20.947Z" }, "38835601": { "id": 38835601, "title": "开发网站/VSCode", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:27.436Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:21.603Z" }, "38835602": { "id": 38835602, "title": "开发网站/Python", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:27.974Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:22.293Z" }, "38835603": { "id": 38835603, "title": "开发网站/F^Q", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:28.522Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:22.850Z" }, "38835604": { "id": 38835604, "title": "开发网站/F^Q/20230812", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:29.083Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:23.409Z" }, "38835605": { "id": 38835605, "title": "开发网站/SQL", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:29.611Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:23.967Z" }, "38835606": { "id": 38835606, "title": "开发网站/App打包", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:30.151Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:24.802Z" }, "38835607": { "id": 38835607, "title": "开发网站/抓包", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:30.692Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:25.366Z" }, "38835608": { "id": 38835608, "title": "开发网站/抓包/抓音频", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:31.371Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:25.938Z" }, "38835609": { "id": 38835609, "title": "开发网站/抓包/charles", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:31.904Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:26.550Z" }, "38835610": { "id": 38835610, "title": "开发网站/pdf.js", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:32.503Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:27.163Z" }, "38835611": { "id": 38835611, "title": "开发网站/webplayer", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:33.082Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:27.768Z" }, "38835612": { "id": 38835612, "title": "开发网站/加解密", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:33.596Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:28.326Z" }, "38835613": { "id": 38835613, "title": "开发网站/cors", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:34.123Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:28.929Z" }, "38835614": { "id": 38835614, "title": "开发网站/Delphi", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:34.642Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:29.538Z" }, "38835615": { "id": 38835615, "title": "开发网站/APK反编译", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:35.193Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:30.145Z" }, "38835616": { "id": 38835616, "title": "开源项目", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:35.745Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:30.775Z" }, "38835617": { "id": 38835617, "title": "开源项目/siyuan", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:36.425Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:31.402Z" }, "38835618": { "id": 38835618, "title": "开源项目/rustdesk", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:36.974Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:31.970Z" }, "38835619": { "id": 38835619, "title": "开源项目/SiP", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:37.497Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:32.542Z" }, "38835620": { "id": 38835620, "title": "开源项目/GitHub", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:38.044Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:33.119Z" }, "38835621": { "id": 38835621, "title": "开源项目/GitHub/20230709", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:38.738Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:33.691Z" }, "38835622": { "id": 38835622, "title": "开源项目/GitHub/aria2", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:39.267Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:34.313Z" }, "38835624": { "id": 38835624, "title": "开源项目/GitHub/小白羊", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:39.767Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:34.873Z" }, "38835625": { "id": 38835625, "title": "开源项目/GitHub/alist", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:40.428Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:35.425Z" }, "38835626": { "id": 38835626, "title": "开源项目/GitHub/RustDesk", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:40.931Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:35.981Z" }, "38835627": { "id": 38835627, "title": "开源项目/GitHub/imagine", "sync": true, - 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"lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:45.037Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:40.627Z" }, "38835638": { "id": 38835638, @@ -3274,25 +3274,25 @@ "id": 38835659, "title": "电子书", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:45.563Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:41.201Z" }, "38835660": { "id": 38835660, "title": "电子书/电子书制作", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:46.074Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:41.761Z" }, "38835661": { "id": 38835661, "title": "电子书/calibre", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:46.564Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:42.325Z" }, "38835662": { "id": 38835662, "title": "电子书/20230826", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:47.078Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:43.080Z" }, "38835663": { "id": 38835663, @@ -3308,7 +3308,7 @@ "id": 38835665, "title": "Favorites", "sync": true, - "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T03:49:47.585Z" + "lastSyncDate": "2025-09-15T13:56:43.652Z" }, "38835666": { "id": 38835666, @@ -3324,25 +3324,25 @@ "id": 38835668, "title": "翻译", "sync": true, - 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南澳岛，隶属于南澳县这广东省唯一的海岛县及渔业县，地处闽粤交界的海面，为北回归线所横穿，因守于高雄-厦门-香港这三大港口的中心点，素有“东南门户，漳潮锁匙”的美称，遂成为海上丝绸之路的重要港口和兵家必争之地。它的本名意为“南方泊船之海湾”。相传南澳一词始载于南宋孝宗淳熙七年（1180）间，广东提举杨万里率军平定侵犯南澳的海盗沈师一事。“盗沈师犯南粤，帅师往平之”。此后，寇乱、兵戈还有各色宝藏的传说，在这座小岛的历史中常常回响。



南宋遗藏


至元八年（1271），元世祖忽必烈在大都建立元朝后，旋即大规模向南方进军，至元十三年（1276）正月，元军直逼临安，宋廷在战和不定中乱成一团，太皇太后即封宋恭帝赵㬎（xiǎn）之弟赵昰为益王，判福州、福建安抚大使；封赵禺为广王，判泉州兼外宗正事，由陆秀夫、杨镇等人护送往婺州、温州一路南逃，成为传递失落火种的希望小队。三月，临安城破，朝廷奉玺降元，南宋灭亡，而陈宜中、张世杰、陆秀夫等人则效仿昔日南宋宋高宗之旧例，拥立赵昰成立都元帅府，以赵昰为天下兵马都元帅，改福州为福安府，号召天下军民相投。五月，赵昰于福州即位，号端宗，改元景炎，封杨淑妃为太后，世称“行朝”。此后，都元帅府这一抵抗中心便开启了流亡抗元之旅，也为后世留下了不少遗迹。




景炎元年（1276）六月，“行朝”从水路南下泉州、厦门入广东，11月，“帝舟迁于潮州，初泊红螺山（属饶平县），旋移南澳”。在南澳岛上，都元帅府于澳前村东面修建行宫，也便是太子楼，他们还在东南面的沙滩上挖井，据说共有三口，供皇室饮用的叫“龙井”，供文武官员饮用的叫“虎井”，供将士军马饮用的叫“马井”。如今南澳岛上还有它们的遗址，其间刻字患漫难辨。因此，便有传闻说，当时小皇帝赵昰和他弟弟赵昺（bǐng）见追兵逼近，就将随身所携的金银珠宝留在南澳岛，于石壁上做出记号以便日后再来寻找。只是可惜，景炎二年（1277）正月，他们乘舟离岛赴惠州后，便就此一去不复返。祥兴元年（1278）四月，端宗病死，年仅十一岁，八岁的赵昺被拥立为帝。祥兴二年（1279）正月，元军进攻崖山，二月初六日，崖海决战宋败，陆秀夫抱末帝赵昺投海死，“后宫及诸臣多从死者，七日，浮尸出于海十余万人”，南宋彻底灭亡，而所谓的宝藏也失去了它的主人。



1962年的夏天，一位到海边捞虾的青年发现海滩上有一口水井，还在井石四角的石缝中捡到四枚宋代铜钱，分别镌刻了“圣宋元宝”“政和通宝”“淳熙元宝”“嘉定通宝”的字样。这口古水井便是曾经的马井。经专家考察分析，它原本应该挖在坡地，只是因为陆地下沉，才为海沙所吞没，只有当由台风引起的大型海潮到来卷走沙层时，才会显露真身，这便是井露现象。虽然宝藏没能随着一同浮出水面，但当地很快便发现了宋井的另一神奇之处：被海水淹没过的它竟然有清甜的淡水！甚至据说即便将苦咸的海水倒入其中，其水质也不会有过多改变。于是，又有很多人坚信此井有灵，其水或有延年益寿之能，不惜千里到访，取水冲茶珍藏。



那么，对此有什么科学的解释吗？此地的降水会渗入地下，并因重力作用向地势更低的古井海滩处汇集，形成淡水为主的地下水。井露发生后，地下水便会因形成的水位差而通过砂砾井底上升泉涌，由于沙质的孔隙较小，淡水和原留在井内的海水相互融合的非常缓慢，又因为海水密度更大，淡水会浮在海水表层，为人所打捞起。这便是它被认为是淡水井的缘由。

 


大盗之宝


尽管南宋宝藏实属无稽之谈，但南澳的确有上天赐予它的财富，那便是它在航海贸易中得天独厚，“为诸夷贡道所必经”的地理位置。明代的《南澳赋》便称颂道：


“故大国小邦，外趋内附。吕宋、琉球南金大赂，占城、暹罗随波飞赴，佛齐、阇婆弗敢互顾(贾),真腊、彭坑疾驰如鹜。”


南澳成为远洋贸易的驿站和地文标志，就连郑和七次下西洋都经过了这里。



然而，在明初，朝廷却并没有好好地经营此南澳，他们“或墟其地，或徙其民”。明太祖朱元璋数次颁发禁令，严禁海民私自制造二桅以上船舶，出海诸国并与之互市。明洪武二十年（1387）、永乐二年（1404）和永乐七年（1409）还来回搬离过当地的所有居民，当时南澳当地本来人就不多，此后更为荒凉焦土。该做法背后确有“以伪吴张士诚据宁、绍、杭、苏、通、泰，及方国珍据温、台等处，皆在海上。张、方既灭，诸贼强豪者悉航纠岛倭人寇”的因素，但也有明廷希望推行市舶司制度来垄断贸易的意图。无疑，这加剧了沿海居民的苦难，也无法真正巩固空虚的边疆：


“寇与商同是人也。市通则寇转而为商；市禁则商转而为寇。始之禁禁商，后之禁禁寇， 寇势盛。”


南澳逐渐发展成为真正的海盗渊薮（sǒu）和番舶互市之地。



当时，主要来到南澳进行走私的民船，多来自暹罗和安南等东南亚国家，葡萄牙商人在16世纪后也开始频繁到访。随着走私市场的开拓，海禁渐渐名存实亡。


“成、弘之际，豪门巨室间有乘巨舰贸易海外者。奸人阴开其利窦，而官人不得显收其利权。初亦渐享奇赢，久乃勾引为乱……至嘉靖而弊极矣。”



其原因之一是葡萄牙人东来后，“有司自是将安南、满剌加诸番舶尽行阻绝，皆往漳州府海面地方私自驻剖”，南澳正是往漳州海面的要津。另一件事是嘉靖二年（1522）日本的争贡动乱，唯一合法的市舶司被撤，“番船无所容，乃之南澳互市”。公无管束，私贼遂起。


嘉靖、隆庆年间，相继有许朝光、林国宪、吴平、曾一本等海寇以南澳岛为巢，修起楼寨，私行贸易，并“修船、制器、市药、裹粮，百无所忌”，号称“毒害东南者十余年”。而这群海盗倒还真为南澳滋生了另一则宝藏传说：据闻，当年的巨盗吴平，似乎就在岛屿最北端由几块礁石组成的小岛屿上私藏了十八坛金银，该地也因而得名金银岛。



嘉靖四十三年（1564），戚继光奉命率兵5000人自浙来援，与潮州总兵俞大猷水陆夹攻，讨伐了盘踞在南澳岛的吴平势力，荡平海寇。朝廷吸取教训，南澳政策也为之一变。隆庆元年（1567），南澳有限制地开放了海禁。万历三年（1575），福建巡抚刘尧诲和广东总督殷正茂联合上奏朝廷《请设南澳副总兵疏》，潮州知府郭子章也表示为固海防，应当再设南澳为镇，他们的建议得到采纳。万历设“闽粤南澳镇”，置副总兵，下辖左、右营，兼领福建南路和广东东路水师，南澳岛就此从“海外荒域”变成东南沿海的军事重镇。设镇后，原属广东潮州府饶平县太平乡信宁都的南澳岛，就此分广东饶平、福建诏安两县共管，这一两省共管南澳的想法最先还是戚继光鉴于此前海盗们“福建捕急，则奔广东；广东捕急，则奔福建”的情况 提出的。


方案实行后，“……树兵列胪，海防肃矣。崇垒突沟城守固矣。垦田构室，民趋众矣。昔之鲸鲵依崇，今则海波不扬而为商旅之坦途矣。昔之孤鼠恣睢，今则戴柞而为生民之乐土矣。”




如今的深澳古镇之中，还留有南澳总兵府。明时，南澳总兵府“坐南朝北，高二丈二尺，皆甃以石。壕深八尺”。然而，随着明的由盛转衰，南澳也渐渐荒废，“郑芝龙麾下士卒皆芝龙散金以养，芝龙时为南澳副总兵，是启祯以后，南澳之兵盖有兵而无饷”，因此，南澳逐渐为郑芝龙家族所据，于明清之交再起狂澜。


海防重镇


顺治三年（1646），南明皇帝朱聿键殉国，郑芝龙降清，但其子郑成功带着80人，由陈辉、张进陪同，自福建乘舟“止南澳，招兵制械，得数千人 ”，往来于厦门、铜山、金门、澎湖和台湾诸岛屿间，开启了复台抗清的道路。在南澳岛上，他和文武大臣于澳属猎屿（古称“烈屿”）设高宗皇帝神位定盟复明，遂延南明之正朔十八载。如今的明、清总兵府旧址前，还有一棵大榕树，主干18米，树冠南北近28米，相传便是昔日郑成功的招兵处，被称为“招兵树”。



永历十五年（1661），郑成功从荷兰殖民者手中收复台湾，建立郑氏政权。康熙元年（1662），郑氏部下陈豹降清，杨金木、杜辉继续经营据守南澳岛。康熙三年（1664），在黄冈总兵吴六奇的招降下，最后的杜辉也投降清朝，明朝制度的影响在南澳落下帷幕，其部众迁往揭阳、黄冈，南澳遭到废弃。直到康熙十九年（1680）才准民复垦，“五年起税”。此时，康熙已经充分认识到了南澳对海防的价值，该政策正是为了后续的设镇驻兵做准备。




康熙二十四年（1685），清廷“诏设南澳总兵，移厦门镇总兵官并中、左、右三营官兵驻南澳，旋裁中营，改为左、右二营，左为福营，右为广营”，其中左营派驻台湾、淡水、澎湖，三年一调防。南澳岛分属饶平、诏安二县。次年，“澄海协、达濠营水汛官兵船只改归南澳水师镇就近统辖”。


康熙四十二年（1703），清廷又设立海门营。至此，南澳镇所辖便包括左、右二营，澄海协二营、海门营、达濠营等五营，其中左营由闽浙总督节制，其他四营隶属于两广总督节制。康熙五十六年（1717），时任广东总督杨琳在全省范围修筑炮台，并提到了粤东海域防御的重要性，“惠、潮之洋盗绝，而全粤之海面宁”。这一提议背后的部分原因，可能是南澳作为南北远洋贸易中途停泊，以及肩负造船，燂洗（火燎涂灰以避海蛆）、产糖等其他功能之所的地位逐渐得到恢复。


同样是康熙四十二年（1703），清廷下令“各处商船往东洋者，必由定海镇所辖要汛挂号，往噶喇吧 (今印度尼西亚雅加达，又泛指爪哇等岛) 、 吕宋(今菲律宾吕宋岛，又泛指菲律宾群岛) 等处出洋，必由澎湖、南澳所辖之要汛挂号”。然而，由于当地的军事化管理体制越来越难以应对招民开垦，商渔云集，豪强势大，粮饷失控这一系列的新问题，康熙五十六年（1717），朝廷禁贩南洋，并开始思考进一步的管理革新。



雍正十年（1723），清廷诏设“粤闽南澳海防同知”，又称南澳厅，等同州县，受广东督抚两院、三司及潮州府节制。其时，据清人齐翀《南澳志》记载：


“南澳，一名井澳；一名白城；一名岛南；一名瀛南。地分四澳：深澳、隆澳、云澳、青澳。深澳、隆澳属粤；云澳、青澳属闽。” 


至此，南澳也正式成为行政上的区划地理单元。




清朝末年，南澳再一次与走私贸易和王朝终局结合在了一起。道光年间，英国的鸦片商人曾买通南澳总兵沈镇邦在南澳交货。道光十九年（1839）三月，林则徐抵广州查禁鸦片，连撰《会札南澳镇谕令长山尾等洋夷船一律全缴鸦片稿》和《札饬严办东路烟卖夷船由》要求配合。最终，南澳镇总兵赖恩爵会同陆丰、碣石镇守军，在广大渔民的配合下，于该年八月在海面截获英国走私鸦片船，缴获鸦片二万多斤，连同毒贩一起押解广州。此后英鸦片船仍试图以南澳长山尾洋为秘密交货点，但都被打断收缴。虎门销烟的白雾中，湮没了南澳的辉煌过往，也将在硝烟散尽后迎来它的新生。




20世纪90年代，南澳成为广东省对外开放的重点区域，和汕头经济特区的改革前沿。如今，它身上的南宋遗藏、明清旧迹也被视作旅游资源，得到重视和开发。或许，那些人从来没有留下真正的宝藏，它只是藏在潮来潮往的天地间，留在勤恳工作的人民手心里。



参考文献：

1、林俊聪：《现存南澳岛四部方志评介》，《岭南文史》1993年。

2、徐明德：《南澳岛在明清中外关系史上的重要地位》，《杭州大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)1995年

3、林俊聪、袁宏国：《郑成功“招兵树”》，《源流》1996年

4、柯理平：《初探南澳岛》，《环境》1998年

5、姜永兴：《南宋行朝　崖海烈魂(上)》，《岭南文史》1999年

6、刘建铭：《海滩古井之迷》，《航海》1999年

7、胡宝柱、肖文帅、普塔克：《明永乐至隆庆南澳的海上活动》，《海交史研究》2014年

8、王潞：《论16～18世纪南澳岛的王朝经略与行政建置演变》，《广东社会科学》2018年

9、范霄鹏、薛碧怡：《粤东屏障 北回归线东端之南澳岛》，《室内设计与装修》2022年

10、李智君、邬文斌：《明清南澳岛海防区分界线的形成与变迁》，《海交史研究》2024年

11、宋可达：《明代海域经界与“划界治海”实践》，《社会科学》2025年

12、许国,张进盛：《郑成功“招兵树”》，《国土绿化》2004年


本文系“国家人文历史”独家稿件，欢迎读者转发朋友圈。


END
作者 | 曾亦嘉
编辑 | 胡心雅
 主编 | 周斌
排版 | 刘是琪（实习）
校对 | 张斌 古月
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