diff --git a/.obsidian/plugins/cubox-sync/data.json b/.obsidian/plugins/cubox-sync/data.json index d60a8e24..6c157a74 100644 --- a/.obsidian/plugins/cubox-sync/data.json +++ b/.obsidian/plugins/cubox-sync/data.json @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ "contentTemplate": "# {{{title}}}\n\n{{{description}}}\n\n{{{article_title}}} //文章内容标题\n{{{content}}} //文章正文\n\n\n[Read in Cubox]({{{cubox_url}}}) \n[Read Original]({{{url}}}) \n\n---\n\n{{#highlights.length}}\n## Annotations \n\n{{#highlights}}\n> {{{text}}} \n\n{{#note}}\n{{{note}}}\n{{/note}}\n[Link️]({{{cubox_url}}}) \n\n{{/highlights}}\n{{/highlights.length}}", "highlightInContent": true, "dateFormat": "yyyy-MM-dd", - "lastSyncTime": 1755925355075, + "lastSyncTime": 1755927693291, "lastSyncCardId": "7358083230366436785", "lastCardUpdateTime": "2025-08-21T13:52:28.950+0800", "syncing": false diff --git a/.obsidian/plugins/rss-reader/data.json b/.obsidian/plugins/rss-reader/data.json index f057dc98..d6108c2e 100644 --- a/.obsidian/plugins/rss-reader/data.json +++ b/.obsidian/plugins/rss-reader/data.json @@ -996,28 +996,6 @@ "hash": "b3673d5af2283d56b27bf661316c8b6b", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "008COMMENT - Canada should look to itself for its canola woes", - "description": "

The Ministry of Commerce announced preliminary anti-dumping duties on Canadian canola imports on Tuesday last week, with the provisional rate set at 75.8 percent, which became effective two days later.

\n

Although some claimed this move serves to escalate the year-long trade dispute between the two countries, which began with Ottawa's arbitrary imposition of a 100 percent tariff on imports of Chinese-made electric vehicles last August, China has enough reasons to do so according to the law, and the findings of an antidumping probe launched in September last year.

\n

China also filed a lawsuit against Canada for its restrictive import measures on steel and other products at the World Trade Organization on Friday last week, which was triggered by the Canadian side's ill-advised trade policies. Canada has disregarded WTO rules by implementing steel tariff-rate quotas and imposing discriminatory tariffs on products containing so-called "Chinese steel content", in spite of the Chinese side's strong dissatisfaction and resolute opposition.

\n

Canada's restrictive trade measures on Chinese-made EVs and products containing "Chinese steel content" constitute a typical example of unilateralism and trade protectionism. Such measures harm China's legitimate rights and interests, hurt the otherwise stable Sino-Canadian trade relations, and disrupt the stability of the global industry and supply chains. That leaves China no choice but to take legitimate and justified means to safeguard its core interests.

\n

Canada exported almost C$5 billion ($3.64 billion) of its oilseed crop to China in 2024. But the new duty rate set by China effectively closes the Chinese market to Canadian exports of the agriproduct, as Canola Council of Canada President Chris Davison said. Aware of the impacts on Canadian farmers, the Canadian government issued a statement immediately after China announced its preliminary antidumping duties on Canadian canola, declaring that the country "is committed to ensuring fair market access for our canola industry and we remain ready to engage in constructive dialogue with Chinese officials to address our respective trade concerns".

\n

It is good to hear the Canadian government say that it remains open to dialogue to try and settle the trade disputes. But it should reflect on the root causes of the strained economic ties between the two countries rather than feel "deeply disappointed" with China's decision. It certainly knows clearly what to do on its part to straighten out the trade ties with the world's second-largest economy.

\n

Some may be waiting for China to back down first, as the world's largest importer of canola has been sourcing nearly all its supplies of the product from Canada and now it will have to secure new supply sources in a short time to satisfy its huge domestic demand.

\n

But although China faces uncertainties and risks in its trade relations with some economies, such as Canada, its super-large market, stable demand and good credit record in international trade make it popular among most major exporters of staple commodities such as iron ore, oil and gas, soybean and canola.

\n

Those betting on China putting all its eggs in one basket should realize that China has enough space and has fully prepared to diversify its supply chains of strategic staple commodities. Reportedly, it is seeking to reopen canola trade with Australia after a five-year pause in a bid to secure supplies of the rapeseed crop. Such a diversification strategy is becoming increasingly common among major economies as the adoption of protectionism and unilateralism by some economies is disrupting the global industry and supply chains.

\n

China's diversification strategy is conducive to not only safeguarding its trade security in strategic items but also strengthening its bargaining position in trade negotiations with related countries. Meanwhile, the ability to switch suppliers, based on price and availability, helps China manage costs and maintain economic efficiency.

\n

As for Canada, the position it now finds itself in with regard to its canola exports can be attributed to the lack of autonomy in its policy. Its blind toeing of the United States' coercive policy has resulted in it unwarrantedly targeting China. Beijing has sent clear signals to the Mark Carney government since it took office in May that the two countries should work together to put Sino-Canadian ties back on the right track. But the Carney government seems hesitant to act on its claimed willingness to do so.

\n

Separately, China has also launched an antidumping investigation into Canadian pea starch and imposed provisional duties on imports of halogenated butyl rubber, according to Commerce Ministry statements. Those are acute reminders that Canada should take immediate actions to correct its erroneous practices, uphold the rules-based multilateral trading system, and promote the continued improvement of China-Canada economic ties.

\n

As China navigates the changing trade dynamics, it will continue to uphold multilateralism and free trade rules.

\n

", - "content": "

The Ministry of Commerce announced preliminary anti-dumping duties on Canadian canola imports on Tuesday last week, with the provisional rate set at 75.8 percent, which became effective two days later.

\n

Although some claimed this move serves to escalate the year-long trade dispute between the two countries, which began with Ottawa's arbitrary imposition of a 100 percent tariff on imports of Chinese-made electric vehicles last August, China has enough reasons to do so according to the law, and the findings of an antidumping probe launched in September last year.

\n

China also filed a lawsuit against Canada for its restrictive import measures on steel and other products at the World Trade Organization on Friday last week, which was triggered by the Canadian side's ill-advised trade policies. Canada has disregarded WTO rules by implementing steel tariff-rate quotas and imposing discriminatory tariffs on products containing so-called "Chinese steel content", in spite of the Chinese side's strong dissatisfaction and resolute opposition.

\n

Canada's restrictive trade measures on Chinese-made EVs and products containing "Chinese steel content" constitute a typical example of unilateralism and trade protectionism. Such measures harm China's legitimate rights and interests, hurt the otherwise stable Sino-Canadian trade relations, and disrupt the stability of the global industry and supply chains. That leaves China no choice but to take legitimate and justified means to safeguard its core interests.

\n

Canada exported almost C$5 billion ($3.64 billion) of its oilseed crop to China in 2024. But the new duty rate set by China effectively closes the Chinese market to Canadian exports of the agriproduct, as Canola Council of Canada President Chris Davison said. Aware of the impacts on Canadian farmers, the Canadian government issued a statement immediately after China announced its preliminary antidumping duties on Canadian canola, declaring that the country "is committed to ensuring fair market access for our canola industry and we remain ready to engage in constructive dialogue with Chinese officials to address our respective trade concerns".

\n

It is good to hear the Canadian government say that it remains open to dialogue to try and settle the trade disputes. But it should reflect on the root causes of the strained economic ties between the two countries rather than feel "deeply disappointed" with China's decision. It certainly knows clearly what to do on its part to straighten out the trade ties with the world's second-largest economy.

\n

Some may be waiting for China to back down first, as the world's largest importer of canola has been sourcing nearly all its supplies of the product from Canada and now it will have to secure new supply sources in a short time to satisfy its huge domestic demand.

\n

But although China faces uncertainties and risks in its trade relations with some economies, such as Canada, its super-large market, stable demand and good credit record in international trade make it popular among most major exporters of staple commodities such as iron ore, oil and gas, soybean and canola.

\n

Those betting on China putting all its eggs in one basket should realize that China has enough space and has fully prepared to diversify its supply chains of strategic staple commodities. Reportedly, it is seeking to reopen canola trade with Australia after a five-year pause in a bid to secure supplies of the rapeseed crop. Such a diversification strategy is becoming increasingly common among major economies as the adoption of protectionism and unilateralism by some economies is disrupting the global industry and supply chains.

\n

China's diversification strategy is conducive to not only safeguarding its trade security in strategic items but also strengthening its bargaining position in trade negotiations with related countries. Meanwhile, the ability to switch suppliers, based on price and availability, helps China manage costs and maintain economic efficiency.

\n

As for Canada, the position it now finds itself in with regard to its canola exports can be attributed to the lack of autonomy in its policy. Its blind toeing of the United States' coercive policy has resulted in it unwarrantedly targeting China. Beijing has sent clear signals to the Mark Carney government since it took office in May that the two countries should work together to put Sino-Canadian ties back on the right track. But the Carney government seems hesitant to act on its claimed willingness to do so.

\n

Separately, China has also launched an antidumping investigation into Canadian pea starch and imposed provisional duties on imports of halogenated butyl rubber, according to Commerce Ministry statements. Those are acute reminders that Canada should take immediate actions to correct its erroneous practices, uphold the rules-based multilateral trading system, and promote the continued improvement of China-Canada economic ties.

\n

As China navigates the changing trade dynamics, it will continue to uphold multilateralism and free trade rules.

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/22/content_008_68a793bbed50ccabe1517f52.htm#008COMMENT", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Fri, 22 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "4bf732eb2aed88e36d743f7df246bc47", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "011WORLD - Kuwait ties up with China for oil lake cleanup effort", "description": "

KUWAIT CITY — Kuwait has kicked off a major environmental cleanup effort as the first unit of an oil lake crude recovery project, led by China's Jereh Group, completed its trial run on Wednesday.

\n

The project falls under the Kuwait Environmental Remediation Program, which aims to tackle oil pollution and environmental damage left by the 1990-1991 Gulf War, when around 700 oil wells were set ablaze, creating vast oil lakes and contaminating large swathes of soil.

\n

Valued at about 100 million yuan ($14 million), the contract tasks Jereh with delivering an integrated solution and supplying core equipment for the cleanup effort.

\n

"Representing Chinese energy enterprises, Jereh is actively participating in the development of Kuwait's oil and gas industry and environmental protection, demonstrating the combined strength of Chinese manufacturing and services," said Zhuang Guanghua, president of Jereh Group's Middle East Region. "We will continue to support Kuwait's energy transition and sustainable development with advanced technologies and high-quality solutions."

\n

Zhang Hongwei, director of Jereh Group's Middle East Region, noted that advanced technologies from Chinese companies have significantly improved the efficiency of oil lake crude recovery, pushing the project toward ecological restoration and vegetation rehabilitation. "This marks an important step for Kuwait in environmental management and sustainable development," he said.

\n

Liu Xiang, charge d'affaires of the Chinese embassy in Kuwait, said Jereh's successful practice not only contributed Chinese expertise to Kuwait's environmental remediation efforts but also showcased the international competitiveness of Chinese environmental equipment and engineering technology.

\n

", @@ -1040,28 +1018,6 @@ "hash": "790ce4c220d79091cf0cefe1fd42dfee", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "015BUSINESS - China's private firms pioneer tech innovation amid policy support", - "description": "

Employees work on the production line of a factory in Ningde, Fujian province, in May.

\n

Workers manufacture spare parts for new energy vehicles at a factory in Nantong, Jiangsu province, in May.

\n\n

BEIJING — China's private companies are spearheading breakthrough innovations across various key sectors, supported by favorable government policies that encourage entrepreneurship and unleash market vitality in technological advancement.

\n

The latest data show that the private sector has emerged as a key driving force behind China's technological development, with private firms now accounting for over 92 percent of the country's high-tech companies since the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-25), according to the National Development and Reform Commission.

\n

In recent years, Wuhu Churui Intelligent Technology Co Ltd has dedicated itself to developing high-performance AI computing batteries. The tech company, based in Anhui province — one of China's fastest-rising tech powerhouses — has secured a solid footing in the global power battery supply chain.

\n

According to Zhang Huai, president of the company, its rapid development results from the deep integration of industry, universities and research institutes. "We have worked with several universities to build joint laboratories, and as an outcome of the collaboration, many of our technologies have reached globally leading levels," Zhang said.

\n

This success story exemplifies how China's evolving policy framework enables private enterprises to thrive. The enterprise-led collaboration between industry, universities and research institutes represents one of the key policy measures outlined by this year's Government Work Report to help businesses advance technological innovation. Over the past years, the government has implemented multifaceted policies that foster a favorable environment for private firms to flourish.

\n

A landmark development came in May this year, when China officially put into effect a historic private economy promotion law, which provides legal guarantees for enterprises to promote innovation. Notably, the law stipulates that support should be provided for the private sector to play an active role in advancing science and technological innovation, fostering new quality productive forces and building a modern industrial system.

\n

Furthermore, eligible private firms should be supported to lead China's major technological breakthroughs, while the country's key scientific and technological infrastructure should be made accessible to private companies, according to the law.

\n

Beyond legislative support for private companies' growth, the country has rolled out heavyweight policies to alleviate corporate burdens. From 2021 to the first half of 2025, China implemented a total of 9.9 trillion yuan ($1.38 trillion) in tax and fee cuts, with 72.9 percent benefiting taxpayers in the private sector. The government has also enforced a nationwide unified negative list system for market access and continuously reduced the number of items on the list.

\n

These comprehensive measures are yielding measurable results, with recent indicators showing that China's corporate innovation vitality has strengthened, while new quality productive forces have continued to grow. In July, the purchasing managers' index for the equipment manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing sectors stood at 50.3 percent and 50.6 percent, respectively, with both remaining within the expansion zone. The high-end equipment manufacturing sector also maintained its expansion momentum.

\n

In recent years, China's financial system has made continued efforts to expand financing access for private companies, including those committed to technological innovation.

\n

The outcomes have been remarkable, with official data showing that outstanding inclusive loans for small and micro enterprises surged from 15.1 trillion yuan at the end of 2020 to 35.6 trillion yuan by the end of June 2025.

\n

Building on this foundation, China has introduced innovative financing mechanisms to further diversify funding channels. A key move was the introduction of a sci-tech board in its bond market in May, which aims to better cater to the financing needs of technology firms.

\n

Since its launch, the new platform has attracted a wide range of participants, with 288 entities issuing approximately 600 billion yuan in technological innovation bonds by the end of June. A prime example is China's leading AI company iFlytek, which successfully issued 800 million yuan technological innovation bonds with a coupon rate of 1.83 percent.

\n

"We will spend the majority of the funds we raise on technological research, development and application, while continuously strengthening our technological advantages," an iFlytek spokesperson said.

\n

Currently, 63 percent of China's A-share listed companies are private enterprises. In particular, private companies account for 74 percent of listings on the country's Nasdaq-style Science and Technology Innovation Board, reflecting their dominant presence in both China's capital markets and technological landscape.

\n

Amid a raft of policies to ramp up private sector growth, the NDRC has set up a specialized bureau to promote the sector's development. As the country's top economic regulator, the NDRC has established a multilayered mechanism for communication and problem-solving between private companies and relevant government departments at all levels nationwide.

\n

Looking ahead, Zhang Xiaolan, a researcher with the State Information Center, said that the development of new quality productive forces will present vast opportunities for the private sector. "With the implementation of a series of pragmatic measures, the innovation vitality and creativity of private companies will be continuously stimulated, thereby injecting strong momentum into the high-quality development of China's economy," the researcher said.

\n

", - "content": "

Employees work on the production line of a factory in Ningde, Fujian province, in May.

\n

Workers manufacture spare parts for new energy vehicles at a factory in Nantong, Jiangsu province, in May.

\n\n

BEIJING — China's private companies are spearheading breakthrough innovations across various key sectors, supported by favorable government policies that encourage entrepreneurship and unleash market vitality in technological advancement.

\n

The latest data show that the private sector has emerged as a key driving force behind China's technological development, with private firms now accounting for over 92 percent of the country's high-tech companies since the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-25), according to the National Development and Reform Commission.

\n

In recent years, Wuhu Churui Intelligent Technology Co Ltd has dedicated itself to developing high-performance AI computing batteries. The tech company, based in Anhui province — one of China's fastest-rising tech powerhouses — has secured a solid footing in the global power battery supply chain.

\n

According to Zhang Huai, president of the company, its rapid development results from the deep integration of industry, universities and research institutes. "We have worked with several universities to build joint laboratories, and as an outcome of the collaboration, many of our technologies have reached globally leading levels," Zhang said.

\n

This success story exemplifies how China's evolving policy framework enables private enterprises to thrive. The enterprise-led collaboration between industry, universities and research institutes represents one of the key policy measures outlined by this year's Government Work Report to help businesses advance technological innovation. Over the past years, the government has implemented multifaceted policies that foster a favorable environment for private firms to flourish.

\n

A landmark development came in May this year, when China officially put into effect a historic private economy promotion law, which provides legal guarantees for enterprises to promote innovation. Notably, the law stipulates that support should be provided for the private sector to play an active role in advancing science and technological innovation, fostering new quality productive forces and building a modern industrial system.

\n

Furthermore, eligible private firms should be supported to lead China's major technological breakthroughs, while the country's key scientific and technological infrastructure should be made accessible to private companies, according to the law.

\n

Beyond legislative support for private companies' growth, the country has rolled out heavyweight policies to alleviate corporate burdens. From 2021 to the first half of 2025, China implemented a total of 9.9 trillion yuan ($1.38 trillion) in tax and fee cuts, with 72.9 percent benefiting taxpayers in the private sector. The government has also enforced a nationwide unified negative list system for market access and continuously reduced the number of items on the list.

\n

These comprehensive measures are yielding measurable results, with recent indicators showing that China's corporate innovation vitality has strengthened, while new quality productive forces have continued to grow. In July, the purchasing managers' index for the equipment manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing sectors stood at 50.3 percent and 50.6 percent, respectively, with both remaining within the expansion zone. The high-end equipment manufacturing sector also maintained its expansion momentum.

\n

In recent years, China's financial system has made continued efforts to expand financing access for private companies, including those committed to technological innovation.

\n

The outcomes have been remarkable, with official data showing that outstanding inclusive loans for small and micro enterprises surged from 15.1 trillion yuan at the end of 2020 to 35.6 trillion yuan by the end of June 2025.

\n

Building on this foundation, China has introduced innovative financing mechanisms to further diversify funding channels. A key move was the introduction of a sci-tech board in its bond market in May, which aims to better cater to the financing needs of technology firms.

\n

Since its launch, the new platform has attracted a wide range of participants, with 288 entities issuing approximately 600 billion yuan in technological innovation bonds by the end of June. A prime example is China's leading AI company iFlytek, which successfully issued 800 million yuan technological innovation bonds with a coupon rate of 1.83 percent.

\n

"We will spend the majority of the funds we raise on technological research, development and application, while continuously strengthening our technological advantages," an iFlytek spokesperson said.

\n

Currently, 63 percent of China's A-share listed companies are private enterprises. In particular, private companies account for 74 percent of listings on the country's Nasdaq-style Science and Technology Innovation Board, reflecting their dominant presence in both China's capital markets and technological landscape.

\n

Amid a raft of policies to ramp up private sector growth, the NDRC has set up a specialized bureau to promote the sector's development. As the country's top economic regulator, the NDRC has established a multilayered mechanism for communication and problem-solving between private companies and relevant government departments at all levels nationwide.

\n

Looking ahead, Zhang Xiaolan, a researcher with the State Information Center, said that the development of new quality productive forces will present vast opportunities for the private sector. "With the implementation of a series of pragmatic measures, the innovation vitality and creativity of private companies will be continuously stimulated, thereby injecting strong momentum into the high-quality development of China's economy," the researcher said.

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/22/content_015_68a79445ed50ccabe1517f72.htm#015BUSINESS", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Fri, 22 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "ceddee64e47ca9264c106f516235f457", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "005CHINA - Legislation addresses inequity in toilet designs", "description": "

Gansu province has enacted legislation mandating a female-to-male restroom ratio of no less than 2-to-1 in high-traffic areas, setting a pioneering standard for urban planning in China.

\n

The law, which took effect on Aug 1, requires governments at all levels in Gansu to consider the special needs of women in the planning and construction of infrastructure and to ensure there are enough public toilets and baby care rooms. The ratio of female to male toilet stalls in urban public toilets should be raised to 3-to-2, and in crowded venues, the ratio should be increased to 2-to-1.

\n

"It has provided practical and effective legal guarantees for safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of women in Gansu, promoting gender equality, facilitating the all-round development of women, and continuously enhancing the sense of gain, happiness and security of the vast number of women," said Li Yue, deputy director of the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee of the Gansu Provincial People's Congress.

\n

At the Crescent Spring scenic spot in Dunhuang, the change has been visible.

\n

"The change reveals public service refinement and gender equality," said Li Xiaoqing, deputy director of the site.

\n

According to Li, the scenic area converted a restroom that had been shared by both men and women into a restroom exclusively for women. Two mobile restrooms with 20 stalls have been added, and two more with 40 stalls are being purchased. The scenic area now has 16 restrooms, achieving a 2-to-1 ratio for women and men.

\n

The law has been warmly welcomed by the public. A tourist surnamed Jin from Zhejiang province said she was surprised to find toilets specially provided for women at the scenic area.

\n

"It's people-oriented service," she said.

\n

The reform responds to persistent inequities in restroom design, which traditionally favored a 1-to-1 ratio despite women's longer usage times. A 2017 study by Ghent University in Belgium found men take an average of 60 seconds in a toilet while women take 90 seconds.

\n

Meanwhile, a new regulation on women's rights protection in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region will take effect Sept 1. The regulation mandates that governments at or above the county level build mother-and-baby rooms and increase the proportion of female toilet stalls. In places with heavy traffic flow, the female-to-male ratio of stalls should not be less than 2-to-1 when planning and constructing infrastructure, carrying out urban renewal and promoting the development of new towns.

\n

For employers with a large number of female employees, the regulation requires facilities such as health rooms, restrooms for pregnant women and mother-and-baby rooms to meet employees' needs. It also encourages supermarkets, shopping malls, cinemas and other business premises to provide public toilets and mother-and-baby rooms that meet the needs of women.

\n

Other cities in China, including Shenzhen in Guangdong province and Chongqing, are testing solutions such as "tidal toilets" and internet-of-things-enabled dynamic allocation systems to optimize the ratio, People's Daily reported on Monday.

\n

Contact the writers at wangsongsong@chinadaily.com.cn

\n


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", @@ -1084,28 +1040,6 @@ "hash": "fb26b66ed2b939934956fa39b1fa9490", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "008COMMENT - Protect mother rivers to safeguard water security", - "description": "

Editor's Note: Several rivers in China have run dry and lakes have shrunk due to the combined impact of human activities and climate change. As a result, ecological challenges have become prominent and water security faces new risks. Yu Qiyang, director of the Department of Water Resources Management of the Ministry of Water Resources, spoke to Fengmian News about the initiative launched in 2022 to protect many mother rivers in the country. Below are excerpts from the interview. The views don't necessarily represent those of China Daily.

\n

The relationship between people, rivers and lakes in China has become increasingly strained in recent years. In some areas, there is an acute lack of understanding of natural and economic laws and not enough consideration for water resources and ecological conditions. Development has not always taken water availability into account, leading to dried up river channels, shrinking lakes and new challenges to water security.

\n

To address these issues, the Ministry of Water Resources is focusing on major problems such as river interruptions and lake shrinkage. Three years ago it implemented an initiative to protect rivers, which involved targeted policies to resolve the difficult challenges of river and lake ecological management. Among the 88 mother rivers and lakes included in the initiative, 74 rivers had achieved full connectivity by the end of 2024, five rivers saw an extension in both the length and duration of water flow and the water level was effectively maintained in nine lakes.

\n

Water resources are unevenly distributed in China, with some regions receiving a relatively scarce supply. To strike a balance between ecological restoration and the water demand for economic and social development, there should be harmonized water use for living, production and ecological purposes.

\n

The ministry has worked to clarify initial water rights, strictly control water exploitation and strengthen water use management to curb wastage. At the same time, efforts are being made to enhance efficiency in the use of water resources. This will ensure that the limited water supply supports both ecological protection and high-quality development.

\n

Going forward, the Ministry of Water Resources will continue to make ecological protection and governance of rivers and lakes a top priority. It has a four-point strategy to ensure that the initiative to protect mother rivers yields good results.

\n

The first goal is to revive all 88 designated mother rivers and lakes. The ministry will guide local authorities to implement action plans river by river and lake by lake. This includes strengthening ecological flow management, enhancing unified water resource scheduling, advancing connectivity of river-lake systems, upgrading hydrological monitoring and strengthening the oversight of water resources.

\n

The second step is to summarize experiences from the initiative and build replicable models of water ecological protection and restoration. Technical standards will be developed, improving the overall standards system for river-lake governance and laying the groundwork for broader implementation.

\n

Third, institutional and legal safeguards will be strengthened. The ministry will fully leverage mechanisms to enhance unified planning, governance, dispatch and management. The water rights trading system will be further improved, and legislative revisions will be advanced to modernize governance capacity. Remote sensing, big data and other digital technologies will be increasingly applied for scientific evaluation of outcomes.

\n

The fourth step involves expanding the scope of the initiative nationwide. Local governments at the prefecture level will conduct thorough inspections of river and lake conditions, prepare updated catalogs and design three-year implementation plans. Tailored protection and governance programs will be formulated to scale up the initiative across the country.

\n

", - "content": "

Editor's Note: Several rivers in China have run dry and lakes have shrunk due to the combined impact of human activities and climate change. As a result, ecological challenges have become prominent and water security faces new risks. Yu Qiyang, director of the Department of Water Resources Management of the Ministry of Water Resources, spoke to Fengmian News about the initiative launched in 2022 to protect many mother rivers in the country. Below are excerpts from the interview. The views don't necessarily represent those of China Daily.

\n

The relationship between people, rivers and lakes in China has become increasingly strained in recent years. In some areas, there is an acute lack of understanding of natural and economic laws and not enough consideration for water resources and ecological conditions. Development has not always taken water availability into account, leading to dried up river channels, shrinking lakes and new challenges to water security.

\n

To address these issues, the Ministry of Water Resources is focusing on major problems such as river interruptions and lake shrinkage. Three years ago it implemented an initiative to protect rivers, which involved targeted policies to resolve the difficult challenges of river and lake ecological management. Among the 88 mother rivers and lakes included in the initiative, 74 rivers had achieved full connectivity by the end of 2024, five rivers saw an extension in both the length and duration of water flow and the water level was effectively maintained in nine lakes.

\n

Water resources are unevenly distributed in China, with some regions receiving a relatively scarce supply. To strike a balance between ecological restoration and the water demand for economic and social development, there should be harmonized water use for living, production and ecological purposes.

\n

The ministry has worked to clarify initial water rights, strictly control water exploitation and strengthen water use management to curb wastage. At the same time, efforts are being made to enhance efficiency in the use of water resources. This will ensure that the limited water supply supports both ecological protection and high-quality development.

\n

Going forward, the Ministry of Water Resources will continue to make ecological protection and governance of rivers and lakes a top priority. It has a four-point strategy to ensure that the initiative to protect mother rivers yields good results.

\n

The first goal is to revive all 88 designated mother rivers and lakes. The ministry will guide local authorities to implement action plans river by river and lake by lake. This includes strengthening ecological flow management, enhancing unified water resource scheduling, advancing connectivity of river-lake systems, upgrading hydrological monitoring and strengthening the oversight of water resources.

\n

The second step is to summarize experiences from the initiative and build replicable models of water ecological protection and restoration. Technical standards will be developed, improving the overall standards system for river-lake governance and laying the groundwork for broader implementation.

\n

Third, institutional and legal safeguards will be strengthened. The ministry will fully leverage mechanisms to enhance unified planning, governance, dispatch and management. The water rights trading system will be further improved, and legislative revisions will be advanced to modernize governance capacity. Remote sensing, big data and other digital technologies will be increasingly applied for scientific evaluation of outcomes.

\n

The fourth step involves expanding the scope of the initiative nationwide. Local governments at the prefecture level will conduct thorough inspections of river and lake conditions, prepare updated catalogs and design three-year implementation plans. Tailored protection and governance programs will be formulated to scale up the initiative across the country.

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/21/content_008_68a63516ed50ccabe1517e1c.htm#008COMMENT", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Thu, 21 Aug 2025 00:21:04 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "62ee12c28dac1f2ed83a097c6999e1e8", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "打仗缺钱怎么办？宋朝皇帝：快让仪仗队的大象出去卖艺！", "description": "


本 文 约 3500字
阅 读 需 要 12 分钟


我们读范仲淹“浊酒一杯家万里，燕然未勒归无计”，感受其戍边艰辛；看《杨家将》浴血抗辽、狄青征讨西夏，知其惨烈。但支撑前线“金戈铁马”的巨额军费从何而来？答案之一，竟藏在北宋皇家养象所的“门票”里！



当市民花几个铜板，争相围观东南亚进贡的珍稀大象表演跪拜、吼叫、驮人时，门票收入正涓涓流入国库。这些本该只在皇家典礼上露脸的“祥瑞”，被逼转型“卖艺”，成了特殊的“筹款大使”。


一边是边疆烽火与财政重压，一边是皇家动物园里的萌兽“营业”，北宋朝廷在困局中展现的务实与灵活，尽显于此。



仪仗以外的“副业”

御象的商业化表演


北宋皇家仪仗队中，来自东南亚的巨象可以说是皇家威严的象征。这些由占城、真腊等东南亚国家进贡的“祥瑞”大象，专司重大典礼仪仗。在宋朝隆重的典礼——南郊祭天大礼上，驯象的地位十分突出，戏分较重。在北宋熙宁六年（1073）的郊祀之前，宋神宗专门诏颁《南郊教象仪制》：


“所用转光旗十五，铜沙罗一，鼓十，乘骑人七，簇引旗鼓人三十一。排引日，选驯象六，在六引之前，行中道，分左右，各备鞍、莲花座、紫罗绣鞔、蕉盘、钤铎、杏叶络头。一人骑，四人簇引，并花脚乌巾、乘徘绝青樱桃锦络缝四衣，涂金双鹿带。一内侍押象，绣衣执挝。”


仪仗中有六象，另备用一象，称“副象”。围绕六象的有旗帜、锣鼓器乐，每象一人骑乘，四人在前引导，另有宦官一人穿绣衣执兵械担任主管。辽宁博物馆藏“北宋卤簿钟”上，即有驯象仪仗的图像。这意味着，作为仪仗的驯象队伍，本身还有一套仪仗，其中仅人员至少就有三十九人。而且单独制定、皇帝亲自颁布《南郊教象仪制》，其在典礼中的作用之大、地位之高可想而知。类似情况为后代继承，一直延续到清朝。



但御象在担任皇家仪仗队的职责以外，其实也进行专门的娱乐表演，甚至收取相应的门票收入。北宋熙宁五年（1072）十月七日，一位名叫成寻的日本僧人，路过应天府养象所时，观看驯象表演，载入日记：


到象厩。一屋有三头象，东一屋有四头象。先见三头象，有饲象人教象，有外国僧等来见，可拜。第一象屈后二足，垂头拜踞。次教可称诺由，即出气、出声。高一丈二尺许，长一丈六尺许，鼻长六尺许，牙长七尺，曲向上，以鼻卷取刍食之。象师与钱五十文了。望第二象所，象师又乞钱，五文与了。拜诺同前，高一丈，长一丈三尺，有牙。次至第三象所，高长同第一象，拜诺同前，与钱同前。三象皆男象也。至四头屋，第一象高长同前，第一象拜诺、与钱同前，女象也。有左牙，一尺五寸许，右无牙。第二象无女象牙，拜诺、与钱如前。第三象，牡象也。高一丈三尺，长一丈七尺许，屈四足拜诺，声极高，人人大惊，三声出之，与钱同前。第四象，牡象也。与钱五文。后象师从牙登顶上，举牙，令登人，是希有事也。高一丈四尺许，长一丈八尺许，屈后二足，拜诺同前。皆黑象也。后二足付绳系也。


这七头驯象，日常为游客表演跪拜、唱喏、象牙载人等节目，均为有偿演出。成寻一行总共付费七次，大概是入场费五十文，每表演一次再交五文，凡六次三十文，共八十文钱。朝廷养象所显然又是皇家动物园和马戏团，毕竟充当仪仗的时间有限，有条件在大部分业余时间内通过表演赚钱。而且，这些大象是按照性别分屋饲养，例如“三头屋”为雄象、“四头屋”含雌象，可以看出宋人对大象的科学管理。


这种让尊贵的皇家仪仗象“屈尊”卖艺的做法，背后是北宋王朝沉重的财政包袱——“三冗”（冗兵、冗官、冗费）。庞大的军费、高昂的官俸、沉重的岁币，让国库常年吃紧。同时，传统的田赋、专卖收入捉襟见肘，朝廷必须绞尽脑汁开源。



这种将皇家象征转化为商业资源的做法，可以说是北宋朝廷在财政压力下的一种尝试。随着疆域收缩和战事频发，传统的赋税收入难以填补军费窟窿，统治者不得不将目光投向皇家资产的“闲置价值”。养象所的日常开销本就由国库承担，而让大象在非仪仗时段进行表演，既能增加收入以补贴财政，又能让这些珍稀动物发挥额外作用，可谓一举两得。这种“以象创收”的模式，在当时或许面临着一些关于皇家体面的争议，但从实际效果来看，确为朝廷开辟了一条新的财源，也让普通市民有机会近距离接触到原本遥不可及的皇家“祥瑞”，在一定程度上拉近了皇家与民间的距离。而这种务实的经济思维，也为后来南宋时期皇家园林等资源的商业化利用提供了早期的借鉴。


动物园创收

玉津园与公共开放的财政潜力


宋人，除了可以在应天府养象所看到贡象的娱乐表演外，还可以在“动物园”定期参观它们以及其他奇珍异兽。以东京玉津园为例，作为著名的动物园，东京玉津园饲养着犀牛、孔雀、驯象等动物。据《玉海》载：


“（北宋）乾德五年八月，有象自岭南来，至都城外获之。其后吴越、广南、交州继献驯象四十五头，于南熏门外玉津园东北置养象所，作驯象旗。”


乾德五年（967），一头野生象从岭南北迁至北宋都城开封，被官方捕获。吴越、广南、交州等南方政权为示臣服，接连进贡45头驯象，显示北宋对南方的政治影响力。朝廷在南薰门外的玉津园东北处设立了养象所，并创制了用于仪仗的旗帜“驯象旗”。



北宋大中祥符五年（1012），宋真宗正式下诏：


“诏诸国狮子、驯象、奇兽列于外苑，谕群臣就苑中游宴。”


玉津园就变成了汇集诸国狮子、大象、灵犀等海外奇兽的皇家宠物乐园。而且每年三四月份，玉津园还对所有人开放，洪迈《夷坚志》写道：


“大观中，宿州士人钱君兄弟游上庠。方春月，待试，因休暇出游玉津园。”


钱君兄弟还在待试，暂无功名在身，此时应当是一般的市民身份，可见宋代平民也可以到玉津园内观赏这些奇珍异兽，这些大象、狮子就成了大宋百姓也可以参观的“宠物”，与此同时，玉津园也从皇家兽苑转向公共空间。


如果只是说到饲养各种奇珍动物的皇家园林，实际上可以追溯到商朝，商纣建造的沙丘苑台、周文王修建的灵囿等园林。但是，宋代“玉津园”有别于前者的一点，则是前面提到的，它在每年三四月份会对所有人开放，其中体现的“公共性”与我们现在所提到的“动物园”更有相似之处，在某种意义上，宋代“玉津园”已经具备现代动物园的雏形。



其实，包括“玉津园”在内的宋代园林，无论是皇家园林还是私人园林，都有对市民开放的传统，这使得宋代园林从某种程度上成了宋代市民的“公园”。每年三月，春暖花开时节，各个私家园林打开院门迎接往来市民游玩，史料记载，司马光的独乐园是时人春游必到之处，看园的园丁曾将收得门票钱数千交予司马光，司马光坚辞不受。除了私家园林，每年皇家园林也会开园供市民游玩，如金明池、琼林苑、玉津园等。据《东京梦华录》卷七记载：


“三月一日，州西顺天门外开金明池、球林苑，每日教习车驾上池仪范，虽禁从，士庶许纵赏，御史台有榜不得弹劾。”



虽然史料中未明确记载玉津园收取门票的具体数额，但从私家园林如独乐园园丁能收得数千门票钱来看，皇家园林凭借其珍稀的动物资源和独特的皇家背景，在开放期间所产生的经济效益应该不容小觑。市民入园观赏奇珍异兽，除了可能直接支付的“入园费”，园内或许还存在售卖饮食、玩具等周边商品的摊位，这些收入也能为朝廷带来额外的财政补充。例如南宋临安预演象仪时：


“又命象院教前导朱旗，以二金三鼓为节，各有幞头紫衣蛮奴乘之，手执短钁，旋转跪起，悉如人意。” ——《武林旧事》


“御街观者如堵。市井扑卖土木粉捏妆彩小象儿，并纸画者，外郡人市去，为土宜遗送。” ——《梦粱录》


两地的商人们利用这个商机，开发销售彩塑小象或驯象图画，作为都城的特产被外地游客买走，当作礼品馈送亲友。


这种将皇家禁地适度向公众开放并从中获取收益的方式，打破了以往皇家资源的封闭性，属于北宋朝廷有别于前朝的一种创新尝试。这种做法与御象的商业化表演一脉相承，都是在财政重压下，对皇家资源进行商业化开发的具体体现，共同构成了北宋朝廷独特的“经济智慧”。



参考资料：

《宋史》

《宋会要辑稿》

袁一堂：《论北宋中期的财政危机》，《史学月刊》，1990年第3期。

菅明军：《北宋中期的财政危机及其振兴之道》，《中州今古》，1994年第1期。

王德利：《宋代的玉津园》，《黄河科技大学学报》，2012年第5期。

王风扬：《宋人动物饲养与休闲生活》，华东师范大学硕士学位论文，2014年4月25日。

程民生：《宋代大象的自然与社会生态》，《中原文化研究》，2021年5月14日。


*本文系“国家人文历史”独家稿件，欢迎读者转发朋友圈。


END
作者 | 易北
编辑 | 胡心雅
 主编 | 周斌
排版 | 徐沁（实习）
校对 | 张斌
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\n\n \n 文章原文\n
\n \n\n \n\n \"\"
", @@ -6261,28 +6195,6 @@ "tags": [], "hash": "1189f681b3a409d6c3f0d7e40085e750", "highlights": [] - }, - { - "title": "005CHINA - Legislation addresses inequity in toilet designs", - "description": "

Gansu province has enacted legislation mandating a female-to-male restroom ratio of no less than 2-to-1 in high-traffic areas, setting a pioneering standard for urban planning in China.

\n

The law, which took effect on Aug 1, requires governments at all levels in Gansu to consider the special needs of women in the planning and construction of infrastructure and to ensure there are enough public toilets and baby care rooms. The ratio of female to male toilet stalls in urban public toilets should be raised to 3-to-2, and in crowded venues, the ratio should be increased to 2-to-1.

\n

"It has provided practical and effective legal guarantees for safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of women in Gansu, promoting gender equality, facilitating the all-round development of women, and continuously enhancing the sense of gain, happiness and security of the vast number of women," said Li Yue, deputy director of the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee of the Gansu Provincial People's Congress.

\n

At the Crescent Spring scenic spot in Dunhuang, the change has been visible.

\n

"The change reveals public service refinement and gender equality," said Li Xiaoqing, deputy director of the site.

\n

According to Li, the scenic area converted a restroom that had been shared by both men and women into a restroom exclusively for women. Two mobile restrooms with 20 stalls have been added, and two more with 40 stalls are being purchased. The scenic area now has 16 restrooms, achieving a 2-to-1 ratio for women and men.

\n

The law has been warmly welcomed by the public. A tourist surnamed Jin from Zhejiang province said she was surprised to find toilets specially provided for women at the scenic area.

\n

"It's people-oriented service," she said.

\n

The reform responds to persistent inequities in restroom design, which traditionally favored a 1-to-1 ratio despite women's longer usage times. A 2017 study by Ghent University in Belgium found men take an average of 60 seconds in a toilet while women take 90 seconds.

\n

Meanwhile, a new regulation on women's rights protection in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region will take effect Sept 1. The regulation mandates that governments at or above the county level build mother-and-baby rooms and increase the proportion of female toilet stalls. In places with heavy traffic flow, the female-to-male ratio of stalls should not be less than 2-to-1 when planning and constructing infrastructure, carrying out urban renewal and promoting the development of new towns.

\n

For employers with a large number of female employees, the regulation requires facilities such as health rooms, restrooms for pregnant women and mother-and-baby rooms to meet employees' needs. It also encourages supermarkets, shopping malls, cinemas and other business premises to provide public toilets and mother-and-baby rooms that meet the needs of women.

\n

Other cities in China, including Shenzhen in Guangdong province and Chongqing, are testing solutions such as "tidal toilets" and internet-of-things-enabled dynamic allocation systems to optimize the ratio, People's Daily reported on Monday.

\n

Contact the writers at wangsongsong@chinadaily.com.cn

\n


获取更多RSS：
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", - "content": "

Gansu province has enacted legislation mandating a female-to-male restroom ratio of no less than 2-to-1 in high-traffic areas, setting a pioneering standard for urban planning in China.

\n

The law, which took effect on Aug 1, requires governments at all levels in Gansu to consider the special needs of women in the planning and construction of infrastructure and to ensure there are enough public toilets and baby care rooms. The ratio of female to male toilet stalls in urban public toilets should be raised to 3-to-2, and in crowded venues, the ratio should be increased to 2-to-1.

\n

"It has provided practical and effective legal guarantees for safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of women in Gansu, promoting gender equality, facilitating the all-round development of women, and continuously enhancing the sense of gain, happiness and security of the vast number of women," said Li Yue, deputy director of the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee of the Gansu Provincial People's Congress.

\n

At the Crescent Spring scenic spot in Dunhuang, the change has been visible.

\n

"The change reveals public service refinement and gender equality," said Li Xiaoqing, deputy director of the site.

\n

According to Li, the scenic area converted a restroom that had been shared by both men and women into a restroom exclusively for women. Two mobile restrooms with 20 stalls have been added, and two more with 40 stalls are being purchased. The scenic area now has 16 restrooms, achieving a 2-to-1 ratio for women and men.

\n

The law has been warmly welcomed by the public. A tourist surnamed Jin from Zhejiang province said she was surprised to find toilets specially provided for women at the scenic area.

\n

"It's people-oriented service," she said.

\n

The reform responds to persistent inequities in restroom design, which traditionally favored a 1-to-1 ratio despite women's longer usage times. A 2017 study by Ghent University in Belgium found men take an average of 60 seconds in a toilet while women take 90 seconds.

\n

Meanwhile, a new regulation on women's rights protection in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region will take effect Sept 1. The regulation mandates that governments at or above the county level build mother-and-baby rooms and increase the proportion of female toilet stalls. In places with heavy traffic flow, the female-to-male ratio of stalls should not be less than 2-to-1 when planning and constructing infrastructure, carrying out urban renewal and promoting the development of new towns.

\n

For employers with a large number of female employees, the regulation requires facilities such as health rooms, restrooms for pregnant women and mother-and-baby rooms to meet employees' needs. It also encourages supermarkets, shopping malls, cinemas and other business premises to provide public toilets and mother-and-baby rooms that meet the needs of women.

\n

Other cities in China, including Shenzhen in Guangdong province and Chongqing, are testing solutions such as "tidal toilets" and internet-of-things-enabled dynamic allocation systems to optimize the ratio, People's Daily reported on Monday.

\n

Contact the writers at wangsongsong@chinadaily.com.cn

\n


获取更多RSS：
https://feedx.net
https://feedx.site
", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/21/content_005_68a634d1ed50ccabe1517e0c.htm#005CHINA", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Thu, 21 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "fb26b66ed2b939934956fa39b1fa9490", - "highlights": [] } ], "folder": "IT技术",