vault backup: 2025-08-25 17:37:35
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"title": "新玩意 218|少数派的编辑们最近买了啥?",
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"description": "关于栏目很多读者都会好奇少数派的编辑们到底平时都「买了啥」。我们希望通过「编辑部的新玩意」介绍编辑部成员们最近在用的新奇产品,让他们自己来谈谈这些新玩意的使用体验究竟如何。内容声明:《新玩意》栏目如含 ...<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/102013\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
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"content": "关于栏目很多读者都会好奇少数派的编辑们到底平时都「买了啥」。我们希望通过「编辑部的新玩意」介绍编辑部成员们最近在用的新奇产品,让他们自己来谈谈这些新玩意的使用体验究竟如何。内容声明:《新玩意》栏目如含 ...<a href=\"https://sspai.com/post/102013\" target=\"_blank\">查看全文</a>",
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"creator": "少数派编辑部",
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"pubDate": "Thu, 21 Aug 2025 18:09:49 +0800",
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"title": "打仗缺钱怎么办?宋朝皇帝:快让仪仗队的大象出去卖艺!",
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"description": "<div><div><div class=\"rich_media_content\" id=\"js_content\"><section style=\"margin: 0px 8px 8px; padding: 0px; white-space: normal; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJxdXiby5XB2BE6S0ulr9Fs213uZ85nlxAalcgRcLFiaSVdOVlrtCZRibIw/640?wx_fmt=gif\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; height: auto !important;\" /></span></span></section><section style=\"margin: 0px 8px 8px; padding: 0px; white-space: normal; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><br /></span></section><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK5tkMtGyC0QvI9hRpfJRQnWdnVBX6rxY4PpaBs8sMXMK9SIIO5t0ZIVKUuAv570dfliaaiccZPPvlYA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section style=\"margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; white-space: normal; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><span><br /></span></span></section><section style=\"margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; white-space: normal; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;\"><span><span>本 文 约 3500字</span></span><span><br /></span></section><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: normal;\"><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 8px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><section><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><span>阅 读 需 要 12 分钟</span></span></section></section></section></section></section><p style=\"margin: 8px;\"><span><br /></span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">我们读范仲淹</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">“浊酒一杯家万里,燕然未勒归无计”,感受其戍边艰辛;看《杨家将》浴血抗辽、狄青征讨西夏,知其惨烈。但支撑前线“金戈铁马”的巨额军费从何而来?答案之一,竟藏在北宋皇家养象所的“门票”里!</span></span></font></p><p style=\"margin: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/laADTC8BCK5tkMtGyC0QvI9hRpfJRQnWtb4qRgyFbT3dib3ibib074bupXd5dmiatIwNIUDyArObEbPplXwe287Mww/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\" style=\"width: 238px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><p style=\"margin: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">当市民花几个铜板,争相围观东南亚进贡的珍稀大象表演跪拜、吼叫、驮人时,门票收入正涓涓流入国库。这些本该只在皇家典礼上露脸的</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">“祥瑞”,被逼转型“卖艺”,成了特殊的“筹款大使”。</span></span></font></p><p style=\"margin: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font><span><p></p></span></p><p style=\"margin: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">一边是边疆烽火与财政重压,一边是皇家动物园里的萌兽</span></span></font><font face=\"宋体\"><span><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">“营业”,北宋朝廷在困局中展现的务实与灵活,尽显于此。</span></span></font></p><p style=\"margin: 8px;\"><font face=\"宋体\"><span><br /></span></font></p><section style=\"text-align: center; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK5tkMtGyC0QvI9hRpfJRQnW6Jf77wXaKloLIRKmPGmOVv0rTicIW9uibuibYFUfGHjqT9qYgBuJPiaE1Q/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\" style=\"width: 382px; height: auto !important;\" type=\"block\" /></section><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: normal;\"><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: normal;\"><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: normal;\"><section label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><section style=\"margin: 0px; padding:Line truncated
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"title": "011WORLD - Safety net",
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"description": "<div></div><img src=\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-22/011/20250822_011_03_18761.png\" /><p>A teacher explains to students about the dengue disease and other diseases caused by mosquito bites, as they sit under a mosquito net as part of an awareness campaign against the diseases on World Mosquito Day on Wednesday in Agartala, India.</p>\n<p></p><br><hr><div>获取更多RSS:<br><a href=\"https://feedx.net\" style=\"color:orange\" target=\"_blank\">https://feedx.net</a> <br><a href=\"https://feedx.site\" style=\"color:orange\" target=\"_blank\">https://feedx.site</a><br></div>",
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"content": "<div></div><img src=\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-22/011/20250822_011_03_18761.png\" /><p>A teacher explains to students about the dengue disease and other diseases caused by mosquito bites, as they sit under a mosquito net as part of an awareness campaign against the diseases on World Mosquito Day on Wednesday in Agartala, India.</p>\n<p></p><br><hr><div>获取更多RSS:<br><a href=\"https://feedx.net\" style=\"color:orange\" target=\"_blank\">https://feedx.net</a> <br><a href=\"https://feedx.site\" style=\"color:orange\" target=\"_blank\">https://feedx.site</a><br></div>",
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"link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/22/content_011_68a793fced50ccabe1517f61.htm#011WORLD",
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"pubDate": "Fri, 22 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000",
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"title": "蚊子停在天花板上是否比停在墙壁上能耗更大?",
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"description": "<div><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-db58112bed81ba66c4ba52999e2180bc_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"头图\"/><div><div>\n<p>这得先解答第一个问题:</p>\n<p><strong>蚊子到底是怎么牢牢粘在各种表面上的?</strong></p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-09ed7b170e01c155b55e5f29562d8b8b_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>把蚊子的脚放大成千上万倍,科学家们发现上面布满了像刷子一样、超级细微的毛发,我们叫它“刚毛” <sup>[1]</sup>。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-79a3dfac4de42ed384713eaf27596cb0_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>于是科学家提出了一个猜想:对于我们人来说,一个表面越光滑可能感觉越“粘”,但对于拥有这身“装备”的蚊子来说,情况可能正好相反。他们认为,</p>\n<p><strong>一个粗糙的表面,反而能让蚊子脚上的无数根小“刷毛”找到更多的接触点,像无数个微型的小钩子一样抓住表面,从而产生更大的附着力</strong> 。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-b071aff3cbdc2d2e8da18156b4f51f7e_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>左边光滑表面接触点少,附着力低;右边粗糙表面接触点多,附着力高</figcaption></figure>\n<p>为了验证这个猜想,科学家们设计了一个非常精妙的实验。他们找来一台能测量极微小力量的“神器”——原子力显微镜(AFM) 。但这次,他们没有用标准的探针,而是做了一个大胆的改造:他们小心翼翼地剪下一条蚊子的腿,用胶把它粘在了显微镜的探针上。</p>\n<p>这样一来,他们就可以精确地控制这条“自动化”的蚊子腿,去触碰不同的表面,并测量把它拉开需要多大的力,这个力就是附着力 。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-82dea73d5362256350527e64a2bf8079_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>他们准备了两种主要测试品:</p>\n<ol>\n<li>光滑的塑料片 (HDPE)</li>\n<li>被特殊处理过的、粗糙的塑料片</li>\n</ol>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-2bc3a528cd737749b4a8c33bf0db9105_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>四种不同粗糙度塑料表面的显微镜照片</figcaption></figure>\n<p>然后,让蚊子腿一次又一次地“踩”向不同的表面。</p>\n<p>实验结果完全证实了科学家的猜想。在<strong>光滑</strong>的塑料表面上,一个样本测得的平均附着力大约是 <strong>12.0 nN</strong>(纳牛顿,一个非常小的力单位) 。</p>\n<p>然而,当同一条蚊子腿踩在<strong>粗糙</strong>的表面上时,随着表面从光滑(I)变得更粗糙(II、III),附着力也随之增加 ,平均附着力飙升到了 <strong>76.2 nN</strong> 。<strong>附着力整整增强了 6 倍多。</strong>这证明了,对于蚊子来说,粗糙的表面确实能提供更强的“抓力” 。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-a648a84d75e0bef2f13fad64d5eb9eb9_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>随着表面从光滑(I)变得更粗糙(II、III),附着力也随之增加 。</figcaption></figure>\n<p>科学家们又有了新的问题:这种附着力是纯粹的物理接触力(范德华力),还是空气中的水汽也像胶水一样起到了作用(毛细作用力)?</p>\n<p>范德华力是一种弱的分子间吸引力,当两个物体表面距离小于 10 nm 时,就会产生。它不需要任何化学物质或液体中介,而是源于电子云的瞬时极化。</p>\n<p>他们设计了第二个实验来回答这个问题。这次他们引入了两种性质完全不同的表面,并在一个可以控制湿度的密闭空间里进行测试 :</p>\n<ol>\n<li>疏水表面:就是我们之前用的塑料(HDPE),它不怎么吸水 。</li>\n<li>亲水表面:一种被酸清洗过的硅片,非常容易吸附水汽 。</li>\n</ol>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-fd308b382b837a7a71b320ee09d453d7_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>图(b)和(c)展示了水滴在这两种表面上的形态,直观地显示了它们的疏水性(不吸水)和亲水性(吸水) 。</figcaption></figure>\n<p>结果,在<strong>不吸水的塑料表面</strong>,无论空气湿度怎么变(从 10%到 90%),附着力始终稳定在 <strong>20 nN</strong> 左右,几乎不变 。这说明在这里,水汽基本没起作用,附着力主要就是范德华力。</p>\n<figure><img src=\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-76c1527988f800516b4a0607d4e6b494_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\" alt=\"\"><figcaption>在不吸水的塑料表面上,附着力基本不受湿度影响,说明蚊子自身的附着力主要来自范德华力 。但在吸水的硅片表面,附着力随湿度增加而显著增强,这表明空气中的水汽在表面形成水膜,产生了额Line truncated
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