From 19827a9b9a96d9681b8fc087ed379e5e736b561f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: CrazyJasonwell Date: Sun, 24 Aug 2025 09:34:22 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] vault backup: 2025-08-24 09:34:22 --- .obsidian/plugins/colored-tags/data.json | 3 +- .obsidian/plugins/cubox-sync/data.json | 2 +- .../plugins/recent-files-obsidian/data.json | 8 +-- .obsidian/plugins/rss-reader/data.json | 66 ------------------- .../plugins/update-time-on-edit/data.json | 3 +- .obsidian/workspace.json | 12 ++-- 01-工作日记/2025-08-24.md | 42 ++++++++++++ 7 files changed, 57 insertions(+), 79 deletions(-) create mode 100644 01-工作日记/2025-08-24.md diff --git a/.obsidian/plugins/colored-tags/data.json b/.obsidian/plugins/colored-tags/data.json index 03beccd1..9e49bc63 100644 --- a/.obsidian/plugins/colored-tags/data.json +++ b/.obsidian/plugins/colored-tags/data.json @@ -143,7 +143,8 @@ "猜猜是谁": 124, "log": 125, "历史": 126, - "00c137": 127 + "00c137": 127, + "硬盘": 128 }, "_version": 3 } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/.obsidian/plugins/cubox-sync/data.json b/.obsidian/plugins/cubox-sync/data.json index 1dd3fca0..3789c04c 100644 --- a/.obsidian/plugins/cubox-sync/data.json +++ b/.obsidian/plugins/cubox-sync/data.json @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ "contentTemplate": "# {{{title}}}\n\n{{{description}}}\n\n{{{article_title}}} //文章内容标题\n{{{content}}} //文章正文\n\n\n[Read in Cubox]({{{cubox_url}}}) \n[Read Original]({{{url}}}) \n\n---\n\n{{#highlights.length}}\n## Annotations \n\n{{#highlights}}\n> {{{text}}} \n\n{{#note}}\n{{{note}}}\n{{/note}}\n[Link️]({{{cubox_url}}}) \n\n{{/highlights}}\n{{/highlights.length}}", "highlightInContent": true, "dateFormat": "yyyy-MM-dd", - "lastSyncTime": 1755996192254, + "lastSyncTime": 1755997992367, "lastSyncCardId": "7358083230366436785", "lastCardUpdateTime": "2025-08-21T13:52:28.950+0800", "syncing": false diff --git a/.obsidian/plugins/recent-files-obsidian/data.json b/.obsidian/plugins/recent-files-obsidian/data.json index 657368b0..5b697b65 100644 --- a/.obsidian/plugins/recent-files-obsidian/data.json +++ b/.obsidian/plugins/recent-files-obsidian/data.json @@ -1,5 +1,9 @@ { "recentFiles": [ + { + "basename": "2025-08-24", + "path": "01-工作日记/2025-08-24.md" + }, { "basename": "2025-08-23", "path": "01-工作日记/2025-08-23.md" @@ -195,10 +199,6 @@ { "basename": "高铁去上海的路上，参加全国桥牌比赛 (2025-08-13 11-08)", "path": "50-Memos/2025/08/高铁去上海的路上，参加全国桥牌比赛 (2025-08-13 11-08).md" - }, - { - "basename": "第五天打针最后一天好很多了，左手腋下隐约有点痛 (2025-08-03 08-58)", - "path": "50-Memos/2025/08/第五天打针最后一天好很多了，左手腋下隐约有点痛 (2025-08-03 08-58).md" } ], "omittedPaths": [], diff --git a/.obsidian/plugins/rss-reader/data.json b/.obsidian/plugins/rss-reader/data.json index 48c8ebca..f2661cb8 100644 --- a/.obsidian/plugins/rss-reader/data.json +++ b/.obsidian/plugins/rss-reader/data.json @@ -5646,28 +5646,6 @@ "hash": "7d68fe4f8bbcde2f80076e4f53d8ebe6", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "植物都有哪些自保奇招？", - "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n

《三体》大家都有看么？

\n

为了应对 3 个太阳带来的混乱且恶劣的生存环境，三体人进化出了一项特殊技能：当乱纪元来临，人们高喊着脱水，变成「人干」；等到恒纪元来临，再去浸泡恢复生机。

\n

这种出现在科幻作品中的神奇复苏技能，还真不是凭空捏造。

\n

现实中就生存着不少会脱水、遇水又复活的三体植物（啊不，复苏植物）。这也是植物们应对极端干旱环境的保命奇招。

\n

会脱水的复苏植物

\n

会脱水的植物典型就是卷柏科的卷柏属 Selaginella sp.部分植物，号称现实中的“九死还魂草”。

\n

比如卷柏（Selaginella tamariscina）、垫状卷柏（Selaginella pulvinata），主要分布于我国的干旱地区，常生长于裸露的石灰岩表面或者石缝中，具有很强的耐旱性。俄罗斯西伯利亚、朝鲜半岛、日本、印度、菲律宾、越南、泰国等各地都有分布。

\n

正常状态，垫状卷柏长这样：

\n
\"\"
\n

但干旱季节时，它就变成了这样：

\n
\"\"
\n

等再次遇到湿润的合适环境，卷柏又会重新恢复生机。

\n

这不就是三体人的地球植物版么～～（除了不能被打包带走）

\n

之所以能这么扛得住干旱，是因为卷柏体内有一种叫 LEA 蛋白的物质，在受到干旱的胁迫时，这种蛋白会在 12 小时内快速表达达到峰值，它可以在卷柏脱水的过程中，大量填充在细胞之间，起到固定和缓冲的作用。同时因为这种蛋白有很高的亲水性，可以锁住一部分保持最低限度生命活动的水分，让卷柏「虽枯犹活」。环境适宜的时候，LEA 蛋白再次大量吸水，帮助卷柏的细胞恢复正常运转，卷柏就此「还魂」死而复生。

\n

据说，有位日本学者曾把卷柏晒干后，等了 11 年再放到水里浸泡，卷柏居然又复活了。但我没找到具体的出处，不知道是否确有其事。

\n

此外传言含生草（学名Anastatica hierochuntica，又称杰⾥科玫瑰 rose of Jericho）也能复苏。这是十字花科含生草属里唯一的一种植物。生长在以色列内盖夫和撒哈拉沙漠中。含生草的高度不超过 15 厘米，开白颜色的小花。

\n
\"\"
\n

每年的雨季过后，含生草枯死，茎叶都卷曲起来成为一个紧密的球形，把种子包裹在里面，随风迁徙。

\n
\"\"
\n

但实际上，真正复苏的不是它的枝叶，而是被包裹着的种子。真相是，含生草属于「风滚草」，干旱时节它的枝叶会卷曲起来，将种子包裹在其中，形成风滚草的形态，随风迁徙。当雨季再次来临的时候，干燥的枯枝遇水后舒展开来，把里面的种子暴露出来。种子会趁着雨季迅速扎根、发芽。

\n
\n

海洋中的红树植物

\n

大家见过在大海的潮水涨落之间，依然郁郁葱葱的真·海上森林么？

\n

涨潮时，大片的树林被海水淹没。潮水退去，又露出一片绿色。

\n
\"\"
这个红树林湿地公园就在我家不远处，潮水涨上来，大片红树林被淹没，只留下特意种的比较高的「我爱中国」造型
\n

这就是陆地向海洋过渡的一种特殊生态系统，红树林。里面生长的，大多是红树植物。

\n

红树植物并不红，叶子也都是绿色的。之所以叫「红」树，是因为它们树皮中含有一种叫做单宁的物质，与空气接触后会被氧化为红色。

\n

海水大家都知道，是咸的，盐度很高，假如手在盐水里泡着，身体里的水分是往外跑的。再加上潮水涨落，连石头都能给你冲刷出一个大洞。这生存环境实在说不上好。

\n
\"\"
涨潮时分的红树林｜拍摄于下潭尾湿地公园
\n
\"\"
滩涂上的红树林小苗，看上去弱小、可怜又无助｜拍摄于下潭尾湿地公园
\n

那这些生长在滩涂上、每天被两轮涨潮退潮冲刷的红树植物，是怎么保命的呢？

\n

为了适应潮涨潮落的半水生环境 + 高盐的水分，红树植物进化出了很多独特的保命技能，包括：

\n

❤️各种奇特的根系，以对抗沿海地区的台风和潮水的冲刷

\n

木榄（Bruguiera gymnorhiza）的膝状根

\n
\"\"
\n

银叶树（Heritiera littoralis）的板状根，板状根向上拱起，用于支撑和呼吸，以适应台风和潮湿多雨的气候

\n
\"\"
\n

无瓣海桑（Sonneratia apetala）的笋状呼吸根：

\n
\"\"
\n

❤️让种子在树上先发芽、再掉落的独特「胎生芽」；

\n

代表植物比如秋茄Kandelia obovata：

\n
\"\"
我在下潭尾湿地公园拍到的秋茄
\n

秋茄的胎轴长这样：

\n
\"\"
出处见水印
\n

会「胎生」的红树植物还有木榄、桐花树等等。

\n

这是木榄的胚轴：

\n
\"\"
\n

这是桐花树（Aegiceras corniculatum）的胚轴：

\n
\"\"
\n

种子萌发需要大量的养分和相对稳定的环境，红树植物为了提高后代的存活率，直接让种子在树上先发芽，之后再掉落，随着潮水漂到各处的滩涂上扎根。

\n

❤️根系拒绝吸收盐分 / 用叶片析出多余盐分的能力，以应对海水的高盐分

\n

盐分拒绝者，比如前面提到的秋茄、木榄，它们的根系吸收水分时可以把大部分的盐分过滤掉，过滤效率高达 99%。

\n

「盐分排泄者」比如白骨壤。

\n

白骨壤，又叫海榄雌（学名：Avicennia marina(Forsk.) Vierh.），它除了有细棒状的出水呼吸根，帮助其进行气体交换，也具备胎生能力（种子在果实内萌发，形成具有幼苗雏形的胚体），还有一个特殊技能，就是利用叶肉的泌盐细胞，把叶子内的多余盐分排出叶子表面。

\n
\"\"
白骨壤（A. marina）叶片背面盐腺泌盐现象
\n

桐花树也会泌盐：

\n
\"\"
\n
\n

还有一类植物也很神奇，因为生存环境过于恶劣，每年仅有短短一两个月甚至十来天的适宜环境，所以它们进化出了一种能力，在极短时间内完成萌发、成熟、开花、结果的整个生命周期。

\n

沙漠中的短命植物

\n

它们的生命周期有多短呢？

\n

2～3 个月都算长的，很多只有 1～2 个月。

\n

植株也通常比较矮小，可能只有 5～6cm 高，甚至只有 2～5cm 就会开花结果。它们的种子也具有极长的寿命，哪怕好几年都没有下雨也可以存活，直到下一次降水来临。

\n

而且不是说短命植物只有这么短的寿命，当它们处于降水和温度比较合适的环境时，也会像普通的一年生小草一样寿命延长到整个适宜生长的季节。只是在沙漠的特殊环境，它们学会了用快速成长（真·揠苗助长）来繁衍后代。

\n

在我们国家，这类短命植物主要出现在新疆北部的沙漠地区。比如这些

\n
\"\"
\n
\n

还有一些植物能耐极寒，也是妙招频出，比如今年开花、明年结果；利用渗透压调节和抗冻蛋白来抵御寒冷，通过抱团取暖改变局部微环境的气温，靠半透明苞片给自己造一个「温室」等等，晚点再补充～

\n

@知乎科学

\n
\n
\n\n\n
查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", - "content": "
\"头图\"/
\n

《三体》大家都有看么？

\n

为了应对 3 个太阳带来的混乱且恶劣的生存环境，三体人进化出了一项特殊技能：当乱纪元来临，人们高喊着脱水，变成「人干」；等到恒纪元来临，再去浸泡恢复生机。

\n

这种出现在科幻作品中的神奇复苏技能，还真不是凭空捏造。

\n

现实中就生存着不少会脱水、遇水又复活的三体植物（啊不，复苏植物）。这也是植物们应对极端干旱环境的保命奇招。

\n

会脱水的复苏植物

\n

会脱水的植物典型就是卷柏科的卷柏属 Selaginella sp.部分植物，号称现实中的“九死还魂草”。

\n

比如卷柏（Selaginella tamariscina）、垫状卷柏（Selaginella pulvinata），主要分布于我国的干旱地区，常生长于裸露的石灰岩表面或者石缝中，具有很强的耐旱性。俄罗斯西伯利亚、朝鲜半岛、日本、印度、菲律宾、越南、泰国等各地都有分布。

\n

正常状态，垫状卷柏长这样：

\n
\"\"
\n

但干旱季节时，它就变成了这样：

\n
\"\"
\n

等再次遇到湿润的合适环境，卷柏又会重新恢复生机。

\n

这不就是三体人的地球植物版么～～（除了不能被打包带走）

\n

之所以能这么扛得住干旱，是因为卷柏体内有一种叫 LEA 蛋白的物质，在受到干旱的胁迫时，这种蛋白会在 12 小时内快速表达达到峰值，它可以在卷柏脱水的过程中，大量填充在细胞之间，起到固定和缓冲的作用。同时因为这种蛋白有很高的亲水性，可以锁住一部分保持最低限度生命活动的水分，让卷柏「虽枯犹活」。环境适宜的时候，LEA 蛋白再次大量吸水，帮助卷柏的细胞恢复正常运转，卷柏就此「还魂」死而复生。

\n

据说，有位日本学者曾把卷柏晒干后，等了 11 年再放到水里浸泡，卷柏居然又复活了。但我没找到具体的出处，不知道是否确有其事。

\n

此外传言含生草（学名Anastatica hierochuntica，又称杰⾥科玫瑰 rose of Jericho）也能复苏。这是十字花科含生草属里唯一的一种植物。生长在以色列内盖夫和撒哈拉沙漠中。含生草的高度不超过 15 厘米，开白颜色的小花。

\n
\"\"
\n

每年的雨季过后，含生草枯死，茎叶都卷曲起来成为一个紧密的球形，把种子包裹在里面，随风迁徙。

\n
\"\"
\n

但实际上，真正复苏的不是它的枝叶，而是被包裹着的种子。真相是，含生草属于「风滚草」，干旱时节它的枝叶会卷曲起来，将种子包裹在其中，形成风滚草的形态，随风迁徙。当雨季再次来临的时候，干燥的枯枝遇水后舒展开来，把里面的种子暴露出来。种子会趁着雨季迅速扎根、发芽。

\n
\n

海洋中的红树植物

\n

大家见过在大海的潮水涨落之间，依然郁郁葱葱的真·海上森林么？

\n

涨潮时，大片的树林被海水淹没。潮水退去，又露出一片绿色。

\n
\"\"
这个红树林湿地公园就在我家不远处，潮水涨上来，大片红树林被淹没，只留下特意种的比较高的「我爱中国」造型
\n

这就是陆地向海洋过渡的一种特殊生态系统，红树林。里面生长的，大多是红树植物。

\n

红树植物并不红，叶子也都是绿色的。之所以叫「红」树，是因为它们树皮中含有一种叫做单宁的物质，与空气接触后会被氧化为红色。

\n

海水大家都知道，是咸的，盐度很高，假如手在盐水里泡着，身体里的水分是往外跑的。再加上潮水涨落，连石头都能给你冲刷出一个大洞。这生存环境实在说不上好。

\n
\"\"
涨潮时分的红树林｜拍摄于下潭尾湿地公园
\n
\"\"
滩涂上的红树林小苗，看上去弱小、可怜又无助｜拍摄于下潭尾湿地公园
\n

那这些生长在滩涂上、每天被两轮涨潮退潮冲刷的红树植物，是怎么保命的呢？

\n

为了适应潮涨潮落的半水生环境 + 高盐的水分，红树植物进化出了很多独特的保命技能，包括：

\n

❤️各种奇特的根系，以对抗沿海地区的台风和潮水的冲刷

\n

木榄（Bruguiera gymnorhiza）的膝状根

\n
\"\"
\n

银叶树（Heritiera littoralis）的板状根，板状根向上拱起，用于支撑和呼吸，以适应台风和潮湿多雨的气候

\n
\"\"
\n

无瓣海桑（Sonneratia apetala）的笋状呼吸根：

\n
\"\"
\n

❤️让种子在树上先发芽、再掉落的独特「胎生芽」；

\n

代表植物比如秋茄Kandelia obovata：

\n
\"\"
我在下潭尾湿地公园拍到的秋茄
\n

秋茄的胎轴长这样：

\n
\"\"
出处见水印
\n

会「胎生」的红树植物还有木榄、桐花树等等。

\n

这是木榄的胚轴：

\n
\"\"
\n

这是桐花树（Aegiceras corniculatum）的胚轴：

\n
\"\"
\n

种子萌发需要大量的养分和相对稳定的环境，红树植物为了提高后代的存活率，直接让种子在树上先发芽，之后再掉落，随着潮水漂到各处的滩涂上扎根。

\n

❤️根系拒绝吸收盐分 / 用叶片析出多余盐分的能力，以应对海水的高盐分

\n

盐分拒绝者，比如前面提到的秋茄、木榄，它们的根系吸收水分时可以把大部分的盐分过滤掉，过滤效率高达 99%。

\n

「盐分排泄者」比如白骨壤。

\n

白骨壤，又叫海榄雌（学名：Avicennia marina(Forsk.) Vierh.），它除了有细棒状的出水呼吸根，帮助其进行气体交换，也具备胎生能力（种子在果实内萌发，形成具有幼苗雏形的胚体），还有一个特殊技能，就是利用叶肉的泌盐细胞，把叶子内的多余盐分排出叶子表面。

\n
\"\"
白骨壤（A. marina）叶片背面盐腺泌盐现象
\n

桐花树也会泌盐：

\n
\"\"
\n
\n

还有一类植物也很神奇，因为生存环境过于恶劣，每年仅有短短一两个月甚至十来天的适宜环境，所以它们进化出了一种能力，在极短时间内完成萌发、成熟、开花、结果的整个生命周期。

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沙漠中的短命植物

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它们的生命周期有多短呢？

\n

2～3 个月都算长的，很多只有 1～2 个月。

\n

植株也通常比较矮小，可能只有 5～6cm 高，甚至只有 2～5cm 就会开花结果。它们的种子也具有极长的寿命，哪怕好几年都没有下雨也可以存活，直到下一次降水来临。

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而且不是说短命植物只有这么短的寿命，当它们处于降水和温度比较合适的环境时，也会像普通的一年生小草一样寿命延长到整个适宜生长的季节。只是在沙漠的特殊环境，它们学会了用快速成长（真·揠苗助长）来繁衍后代。

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在我们国家，这类短命植物主要出现在新疆北部的沙漠地区。比如这些

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还有一些植物能耐极寒，也是妙招频出，比如今年开花、明年结果；利用渗透压调节和抗冻蛋白来抵御寒冷，通过抱团取暖改变局部微环境的气温，靠半透明苞片给自己造一个「温室」等等，晚点再补充～

\n

@知乎科学

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查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", - "category": "", - "link": "https://daily.zhihu.com/story/9783339", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:27:03 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "资讯", - "feed": "知乎", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "22619f520a29fea5b5d6aa37356ec9dc", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "海豹的胡须有什么作用？", "description": "
\"头图\"/
\n

2001 年，科学家们精心设计了一个科学实验。

\n

他们给一只名叫 Rosi 的港海豹（海豹科、斑海豹属动物）佩戴了不透光的眼罩和隔音的耳罩，在暂时屏蔽其视觉和听觉信号的情况下，测试它能否跟上一条小型潜艇的轨迹。潜艇由螺旋桨驱动，像一条机械鱼，在水池中以 2 米每秒的速度划出直线，以 1.5 米每秒的速度划出曲线。

\n
\"\"
海豹用胡须追踪鱼的轨迹 图片来源：heather beem
\n

潜艇留下的痕迹只有狭窄的水流通道，并且超过 20 秒后，水流的轨迹就会慢慢消失。这些水流痕迹模仿了鱼类游动留下的涡旋，像隐形的足迹，肉眼无法捕捉。

\n

潜艇运行固定距离后，停在一个半圆周上，周长 12.57 米，Rosi 的任务是潜入水下，找到它。

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\"\"
图（a）图中展示了一个水下实验装置。实验者站在平台上，平台下方是水面，水下有一个潜水站，海豹佩戴眼罩和耳机以隔离视觉和听觉干扰。图（b）这一部分展示了海豹追踪运动的序列图像，时间戳从 00.00 秒到 17.13 秒 图（c）展示了海豹追踪时的两种轨迹 图片来源：参考文献[3]
\n

水池上方，摄像机记录下 Rosi 的每一帧行动画面。Rosi 潜入水池，88 根胡子展开，像天线般微微抖动。接着，它朝水池中心游去，头部轻轻摆动，像是用胡子“嗅”着水流的低语。

\n

令人难以置信的是，Rosi 在 326 次试验中成功找到潜艇的次数为 298 次，成功率约 91.4%，远超偶然概率的 13 次。并且，它追踪的距离可远达 180 米，不仅能追踪直线痕迹，还能跟着弯曲的涡旋游动。

\n

海豹的“追踪神器”是什么？

\n

目标物的轨迹如此狭窄、痕迹停留时间如此短暂，海豹究竟拥有什么样的“追踪神器”呢？

\n

答案是胡须。海豹胡须的毛囊周围有复杂的血窦（具体来说，它是一组充满血液的腔隙，位于毛囊的基部）和多种机械感受器，能感知微弱的水流信号，将机械信号转为电信号，传递到大脑的体感皮层。而它们的 88 根胡须则像“神经网络”，能够整合信号，绘制出水流的“动态地图”，就像一个精密的水下雷达。

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海豹 图片来源：Earth 网
\n

然而，水下的环境极为复杂，水下的“背景噪音”极大。想象你在一条喧闹的大街上，想听清朋友低声说话，但周围的车声、人声令你晕眩。同样地，海豹的胡须在水下面临的“背景噪音”就有类似的感觉。

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水下的背景噪音不仅来源于水中悬浮颗粒的碰撞，还有水中的杂乱水流，最重要的是一种叫“涡激振动”（vortex-induced vibrations）的影响。涡激振动是流体力学的一种现象。当水流或空气以一定速度流过物体时，流体会因为物体的阻挡而分裂，形成周期性的涡旋。这些涡旋产生不均匀的压力，推着物体振动。振动的频率（晃动的快慢程度）取决于流速、物体形状和大小。

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理论上，当海豹游动时，水流经过胡须会形成小旋涡，这些旋涡会推着胡须来回晃动，产生的便是涡激振动。这种晃动就像收音机里的杂音，干扰胡须感知鱼类尾流等微弱信号。

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因此，新的谜团浮现了：海豹的胡须是如何捕捉这些微弱信号的？怎么消除周围的干扰获取精准的信号？

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海豹胡须因何能成为高精确度的“水下雷达”？

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2010 年，科学家们对海豹胡须展开了实验。他们搬出了一个旋转流槽，像个巨大的旋转木马，直径 1.24 米，水深 20 厘米。水槽绕中心轴旋转，制造出稳定的水流，速度从 0.323 米每秒到 0.550 米每秒。

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科学家们从自然死亡的幼年海豹和博物馆标本中取来三根港海豹胡须和三根加利福尼亚海狮胡须，长度相近。

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虽然海豹和海狮就像“表兄弟”，生活方式和环境很像，但它们的胡须结构不太一样。海豹的胡须有独特的波浪状结构，每根胡须有 10~12 个波峰波谷，波长 1.5~2 毫米，横截面为椭圆形；而海狮的胡须是平滑的圆柱形，横截面近圆形，直径约 0.4 毫米。

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\"\"
港海豹（AB）和加利福尼亚海狮胡须（CD）的结构差异 图片来源：文献[2]
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它们的胡须被固定在一个压电传感器上，传感器像个超级灵敏的“地震仪”，能够测量水流对胡须的推力。为了使海豹胡须周围的涡流可视化，科学家在水槽中加入了微小的塑料颗粒，这些颗粒会随着水流而移动。激光照射颗粒，便会形成图案。

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实验水槽 图片来源：伍兹霍尔海洋研究所
\n

结果发现，在相同水流速度下，港海豹胡须的振动幅度比海狮胡须低 6.2 倍，甚至在所有速度（指实验测试的水流速度范围，从 0.323 米 / 秒到 0.55 米 / 秒不等）下低 9.5 倍。海豹的波浪胡须就像装了“减震器”，几乎不受水流涡旋的干扰。

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这让海豹胡须能清晰捕捉水流速度低至 0.25 毫米每秒的信号，将信噪比（是一个衡量信号质量的指标，定义为有用信号功率与背景噪声功率的比值，通常用分贝（dB）表示。）提高了 2 倍。

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\"\"
水流经过三种不同形状物体——港海豹胡须、椭圆柱体和圆柱体时形成的涡流差异。波浪状胡须通过打乱涡流群，让涡流形成更远，减少了振动 图片来源：参考文献[3]
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打造仿生海豹胡须，能应用在哪些领域？

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故事并未止步，对海豹胡须的研究还在延伸。

\n

2015 年，麻省理工学院（MIT）的工程师们用 3D 打印技术复制了海豹胡须的波浪状结构，打造出“人工海豹胡子”传感器。

\n
\"\"
人造胡须的形状和海豹胡须相近，但比真的海豹胡须粗 50 倍 图片来源：heather beem
\n

这些胡须用柔性树脂制成，硬度与海豹胡须的角蛋白相仿，既坚韧又弹性十足。为了对比，他们还打印了平滑的圆柱形胡须，模仿加利福尼亚海狮的胡须。当然，人工海豹胡须不负期待，它们以 60%~80%的振动抑制和 1.8~2.2 倍的信噪比，证明了海豹胡须的工程潜力。

\n

仿生学通过模仿自然界的精妙设计解决工程难题。海豹胡须的波浪状结构是亿万年进化的结果，兼顾抗振和信号感知。模仿海豹胡须打造出复制品有助于开发出高灵敏、低干扰的传感器，超越传统设备（如声呐）在浑浊水域的局限，有望将其应用于水下机器人、航空甚至医疗领域。

\n

想象一下，一台水下机器人，装着波浪状的“人工海豹胡子”，在浑浊的港口里穿梭。港口的水像一锅混汤，充满了泥沙和垃圾，传统的声呐“看不清路”。但这些胡须传感器却像海豹一样，灵敏地“嗅”到了一股微弱的水流——那是泄漏的油污在水里扩散的痕迹，速度只有每秒 0.5 毫米，比蜗牛爬还慢。机器人顺着水流，精准定位到漏油点，误差不到 10 厘米，帮工程师迅速封堵污染，保护了海洋生态。

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在医院里，医生们用微型波浪状传感器，模仿胡须的抗振和感知能力，将其装在微流控设备上，可以检测血液或体液的流动变化。这些传感器能捕捉到 1 微米的微小扰动，协助医生发现血液里异常的细微信号，比如早期癌症的线索。它们安静又精准，就像海豹在水下“听”鱼儿的低语，给了患者更早的治疗机会。

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这些应用只是冰山一角。看似科幻，也许在不久的将来就能实现，我们拭目以待。

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参考文献

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[1]Dehnhardt G., Mauck B., Hanke W., Bleckmann H. (2001). Hydrodynamic trail following in harbor seals (Phocavitulina). Science 293, 102-104.[

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2]Hanke W, Witte M, Miersch L, et al. Harbor seal vibrissa morphology suppresses vortex-induced vibrations[J](#). Journal of Experimental Biology, 2010, 213(15): 2665-2672.

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[3]Zheng X, Kamat A M, Cao M, et al. Creating underwater vision through wavy whiskers: A review of the flow-sensing mechanisms and biomimetic potential of seal whiskers[J](#). Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 2021, 18(183): 20210629.

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查看知乎讨论
\n\n
\n\n\n\n", @@ -7705,28 +7683,6 @@ "hash": "a00d6fa7358b20e951592cb5ecee19c8", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "005BUSINESS - Robot chefs cut costs, boost efficiency", - "description": "

Visitors to Robot Mall, a store showcasing embodied intelligent humanoid robots in Beijing's E-Town — the city's leading hub of innovation — watch the demonstration of a robot chef on Aug 8.

\n

Robot chefs are gaining in popularity, on the back of significant cost-effectiveness and excellent quality control.

\n

Robot chefs are not a new concept. For example, the Changsha-based restaurant franchise Bawan uses such robots in its outlets. So far, Bawan has opened over 500 outlets, which have all deployed self-developed robots to cook food. According to its official website, these have now been updated to the third generation.

\n

Xiaocaiyuan, a Hong Kong-listed restaurant specializing in Anhui cuisine, deployed robotic cooks in some of its outlets as early as 2023.

\n

According to the prospectus released by Xiaocaiyuan before its listing, a portion of the funds raised from the public flotation will be used to purchase 3,000 such robots, with a unit price of 50,000 yuan ($6,972) per robot and an estimated total cost of 150 million yuan.

\n

The purchase quantity of 3,000 robot chefs, based on the current number of its over 600 stores, means that on average, each Xiaocaiyuan outlet will deploy about five of these robots.

\n

Several franchise restaurants are also deploying robot chefs, including Nonggengji Hunan Native Cuisine, Jin Ding Xuan, Beijing Micun Technology Co, CSC Group, and Nanchengxiang. They are able to cook highly standardized dishes such as Yuxiang shredded pork, fried eggs with tomato, and Kung Pao Chicken.

\n

Do these cooks really save money? Take Xunxiangdidai, a restaurant that serves Anhui cuisine, as an example. According to the Hongcan Industry Research Institute, by using intelligent devices and traditional stoves, robot chefs shoulder half of the stir-frying jobs, saving up to 60 percent in salaries. Normally, a kitchen needs two human chefs, and their salaries add up to around 18,000 yuan. Robot chefs can, however, operate five to six stoves at a time, greatly cutting down on salaries.

\n

Wang Peng, an associate research fellow at the Beijing Academy of Social Sciences, said: "The labor cost of the catering industry continues to rise, and stir-frying robots can significantly reduce salaries and social security expenses of chefs. Long-term operation can significantly reduce overall costs. At the same time, its efficient operation can improve meal delivery speed, increase the number of customers served per unit time, and thereby increase restaurant revenue."

\n

In addition, robot chefs are able to accurately execute preset programs for cooking, strictly control the heat, seasoning dosage, and meal preparation time, ensuring stable and consistent taste and quality of dishes, which is conducive to shaping a unified brand image for chain catering, and enhancing consumer trust and recognition of the brand, he said.

\n

The current fast-paced lifestyle of consumers requires high efficiency in serving meals. The fast-serving feature of stir-frying robots can meet the demand for instant dining, and has great potential in the fast food and takeaway fields.

\n

Moreover, it conforms to the trend of digital and intelligent transformation of the catering industry, and can deeply integrate with restaurant management systems to optimize operational processes, he added.

\n

Guo Tao, individual angel investor and an expert in the artificial intelligence sector, said: "Although the prospects of robotic cooks are bright, the road ahead is full of challenges. At present, it is difficult to accurately replicate the unique taste and personalized flavor of Chinese cooking at the technical level, and significant breakthroughs are needed in the research and development of complex dishes. In terms of economic costs, high equipment purchase and maintenance costs have deterred many small and medium-sized catering businesses. In the field of health and safety, improper cleaning and disinfection of equipment can easily lead to health hazards."

\n

In addition, the operational programming of the robot chefs requires high digital skills from employees, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty and cost of employee training. How to improve cooking efficiency while also optimizing the taste experience has become the key to whether it can fully replace manual labor, he said.

\n

zhengyiran@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "content": "

Visitors to Robot Mall, a store showcasing embodied intelligent humanoid robots in Beijing's E-Town — the city's leading hub of innovation — watch the demonstration of a robot chef on Aug 8.

\n

Robot chefs are gaining in popularity, on the back of significant cost-effectiveness and excellent quality control.

\n

Robot chefs are not a new concept. For example, the Changsha-based restaurant franchise Bawan uses such robots in its outlets. So far, Bawan has opened over 500 outlets, which have all deployed self-developed robots to cook food. According to its official website, these have now been updated to the third generation.

\n

Xiaocaiyuan, a Hong Kong-listed restaurant specializing in Anhui cuisine, deployed robotic cooks in some of its outlets as early as 2023.

\n

According to the prospectus released by Xiaocaiyuan before its listing, a portion of the funds raised from the public flotation will be used to purchase 3,000 such robots, with a unit price of 50,000 yuan ($6,972) per robot and an estimated total cost of 150 million yuan.

\n

The purchase quantity of 3,000 robot chefs, based on the current number of its over 600 stores, means that on average, each Xiaocaiyuan outlet will deploy about five of these robots.

\n

Several franchise restaurants are also deploying robot chefs, including Nonggengji Hunan Native Cuisine, Jin Ding Xuan, Beijing Micun Technology Co, CSC Group, and Nanchengxiang. They are able to cook highly standardized dishes such as Yuxiang shredded pork, fried eggs with tomato, and Kung Pao Chicken.

\n

Do these cooks really save money? Take Xunxiangdidai, a restaurant that serves Anhui cuisine, as an example. According to the Hongcan Industry Research Institute, by using intelligent devices and traditional stoves, robot chefs shoulder half of the stir-frying jobs, saving up to 60 percent in salaries. Normally, a kitchen needs two human chefs, and their salaries add up to around 18,000 yuan. Robot chefs can, however, operate five to six stoves at a time, greatly cutting down on salaries.

\n

Wang Peng, an associate research fellow at the Beijing Academy of Social Sciences, said: "The labor cost of the catering industry continues to rise, and stir-frying robots can significantly reduce salaries and social security expenses of chefs. Long-term operation can significantly reduce overall costs. At the same time, its efficient operation can improve meal delivery speed, increase the number of customers served per unit time, and thereby increase restaurant revenue."

\n

In addition, robot chefs are able to accurately execute preset programs for cooking, strictly control the heat, seasoning dosage, and meal preparation time, ensuring stable and consistent taste and quality of dishes, which is conducive to shaping a unified brand image for chain catering, and enhancing consumer trust and recognition of the brand, he said.

\n

The current fast-paced lifestyle of consumers requires high efficiency in serving meals. The fast-serving feature of stir-frying robots can meet the demand for instant dining, and has great potential in the fast food and takeaway fields.

\n

Moreover, it conforms to the trend of digital and intelligent transformation of the catering industry, and can deeply integrate with restaurant management systems to optimize operational processes, he added.

\n

Guo Tao, individual angel investor and an expert in the artificial intelligence sector, said: "Although the prospects of robotic cooks are bright, the road ahead is full of challenges. At present, it is difficult to accurately replicate the unique taste and personalized flavor of Chinese cooking at the technical level, and significant breakthroughs are needed in the research and development of complex dishes. In terms of economic costs, high equipment purchase and maintenance costs have deterred many small and medium-sized catering businesses. In the field of health and safety, improper cleaning and disinfection of equipment can easily lead to health hazards."

\n

In addition, the operational programming of the robot chefs requires high digital skills from employees, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty and cost of employee training. How to improve cooking efficiency while also optimizing the taste experience has become the key to whether it can fully replace manual labor, he said.

\n

zhengyiran@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/23/content_005_68a8e2daed50ccabe15180c4.htm#005BUSINESS", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Sat, 23 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "fbe8bd2359a2812e5bbed7e3f5678885", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "011LIFE - Bi-city program bridges cultures, creativity, and communities", "description": "

Participants and officials take a photo after a dialogue on The Vision of Youth for the Future of Cultural Districts at the Palace Museum in Beijing.

\n

Students share ideas on digital storytelling, visitor engagement and cultural branding, drawing on their learning journey and internship experiences during the Bi-city Youth Cultural Leadership Program.

\n

Sixteen university students from Beijing and Hong Kong gathered at the Palace Museum on Tuesday, not just to tour its historic halls but to imagine the future of China's cultural districts.

\n

The discussion was a highlight of the ongoing Hong Kong Palace Museum's fourth Bi-city Youth Cultural Leadership Program.

\n

By promoting cultural development in both cities, the program aims to strengthen Hong Kong's position as an East-meets-West center for international cultural exchange.

\n

During the exchange, Wang Xudong, director of the Palace Museum, emphasized the Palace Museum's unwavering commitment to safeguarding China's cultural relics. He highlighted its role in advancing cultural heritage conservation through innovative strategies and international collaboration.

\n

Bringing fresh perspectives, the students shared ideas on digital storytelling, visitor engagement and cultural branding, drawing on their learning journey and internship experiences under the program in Hong Kong and Beijing.

\n

They stressed the importance of providing platforms to young local artists, integrating audience traffic across different venues within a cultural district, and creating inviting spaces that encourage longer visits. Their insights also included the need to bridge the gap between the districts and local grassroots communities, enhancing cultural exchange and community involvement.

\n

The students also visited the Sensory Experience Gallery of the Palace Museum, which they said deepened their understanding of cultural intellectual property, brand operations, and the development of cultural and creative products.

\n

"We are pleased to welcome students from the Bi-city Youth Cultural Leadership Program to the Palace Museum," Wang says.

\n

"This meaningful initiative offers young people a platform to explore the changing landscape of cultural institutions and apply their creativity to real-world challenges. Their participation brings fresh perspectives and energy into the future of cultural districts. We look forward to strengthening our partnership with the Hong Kong Palace Museum to jointly nurture cultural talents and advance our shared mission of Chinese culture," he adds.

\n

Louis Ng, director of the Hong Kong Palace Museum, says the program encourages students to envision the future of cultural districts through creativity, community, and innovation.

\n

"The program underscores our mission to nurture cultural leadership through cross-boundary collaboration and contribute to sustainable urban development. We are proud to see students exploring complex cultural questions and proposing thoughtful ideas that reflect both ambition and a grounded understanding of the opportunities and challenges shaping the cultural landscape across different cities," Ng says.

\n

Besides the Palace Museum visit, the Beijing stage of the program will enable students to participate in inspiring dialogues with industry experts, and a curated district city walk in Beijing.

\n

After Beijing, the students will conclude their cultural journey in Shanghai, where they will visit landmark developments and urban cultural hubs.

\n

Since its launch in 2022, the program has engaged nearly 150 students from Beijing and Hong Kong, aiming to inspire and nurture the next generation of cultural talent from Hong Kong and Beijing.

\n

yangfeiyue@chinadaily.com.cn

\n

", @@ -7749,28 +7705,6 @@ "hash": "b151a6c72b0107c34835cf88a9a1899c", "highlights": [] }, - { - "title": "008COMMENT - Autonomous region's 60th anniversary starts new chapter for beautiful Xizang", - "description": "

Fully demonstrating the effectiveness of the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China and the strengths of China's socialist system, people of all ethnic groups in the Xizang autonomous region have benefited more than ever before from development since the 18th National Congress of the CPC in 2012. The new development philosophy that was adopted and has been enriched ever since enabled Xizang, along with the rest of the country, to win the battle to eradicate extreme poverty and realize a moderately prosperous society in all respects in the new era.

\n

This was the culmination of decades of dedicated efforts to promote the autonomous region's development after its establishment in 1965. Between that year and 2024, the central government invested a total of 2.6 trillion yuan ($362.3 billion) in Xizang. A further 64.3 billion yuan was invested in the region since the 1990s through the paired-up assistance system in which 17 provinces and municipalities, central enterprises, and central financial institutions provide targeted support for counties and districts in the autonomous region that they are respectively assigned to assist. This system has also sent over 14,000 selected civil servants, professional and talents to work in Xizang for about three years in 11 batches by now.

\n

Yet the region cannot rest on its development achievements. Promoting the high-quality socioeconomic development of Xizang should always be the focus of local authorities, which should apply to the letter the new development philosophy of innovative, coordinated, green and open development that is for everyone.

\n

To that end, the local authorities must thoroughly carry out anti-secession efforts to ensure the consolidation and security of the border so as to ensure a stable environment for development as was urged by the central authorities at a grand gathering held on Thursday in Lhasa, capital of the autonomous region, to mark the 60th anniversary of its founding.

\n

The local authorities must unswervingly consolidate and develop ethnic unity by strengthening the exchanges and integration among all ethnic groups, and the identification of all ethnic groups with the motherland, the Chinese nation, Chinese culture, the Party, and socialism with Chinese characteristics, so as to ensure they fully identify themselves as members of the great Chinese family.

\n

In the process, local authorities should adhere to a people-centered approach and continuously improve people's well-being and promote common prosperity so as to ensure the fruits of high-quality development benefit all ethnic groups in Xizang, and local people have a greater sense of gain, fulfillment and security. To help the region promote ethnic unity and progress on all fronts, the central authorities have pledged to continue to increase their input and strengthen support for Xizang's development in the future.

\n

The remarkable development of the autonomous region over the past 60 years fully demonstrates that only under the leadership of the CPC, adhering to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, upholding the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and adhering to the Party's guidelines on the governance of Xizang in the new era, can prosperity and progress be achieved in the autonomous region, and the people of all ethnic groups in Xizang live a happy life.

\n

With China at a critical juncture in building itself into a modern socialist country in all respects, Xizang's modernization drive stands at a new historical starting point.

\n

The region should have the confidence that under the leadership of the Party and with the full support of the nation, it will be able to accomplish the four tasks of ensuring stability, facilitating development, protecting the eco-environment, and strengthening the borders.

\n

In doing so, Xizang will open a new and splendid era of long-term peace and stability and high-quality development for itself.

\n

", - "content": "

Fully demonstrating the effectiveness of the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China and the strengths of China's socialist system, people of all ethnic groups in the Xizang autonomous region have benefited more than ever before from development since the 18th National Congress of the CPC in 2012. The new development philosophy that was adopted and has been enriched ever since enabled Xizang, along with the rest of the country, to win the battle to eradicate extreme poverty and realize a moderately prosperous society in all respects in the new era.

\n

This was the culmination of decades of dedicated efforts to promote the autonomous region's development after its establishment in 1965. Between that year and 2024, the central government invested a total of 2.6 trillion yuan ($362.3 billion) in Xizang. A further 64.3 billion yuan was invested in the region since the 1990s through the paired-up assistance system in which 17 provinces and municipalities, central enterprises, and central financial institutions provide targeted support for counties and districts in the autonomous region that they are respectively assigned to assist. This system has also sent over 14,000 selected civil servants, professional and talents to work in Xizang for about three years in 11 batches by now.

\n

Yet the region cannot rest on its development achievements. Promoting the high-quality socioeconomic development of Xizang should always be the focus of local authorities, which should apply to the letter the new development philosophy of innovative, coordinated, green and open development that is for everyone.

\n

To that end, the local authorities must thoroughly carry out anti-secession efforts to ensure the consolidation and security of the border so as to ensure a stable environment for development as was urged by the central authorities at a grand gathering held on Thursday in Lhasa, capital of the autonomous region, to mark the 60th anniversary of its founding.

\n

The local authorities must unswervingly consolidate and develop ethnic unity by strengthening the exchanges and integration among all ethnic groups, and the identification of all ethnic groups with the motherland, the Chinese nation, Chinese culture, the Party, and socialism with Chinese characteristics, so as to ensure they fully identify themselves as members of the great Chinese family.

\n

In the process, local authorities should adhere to a people-centered approach and continuously improve people's well-being and promote common prosperity so as to ensure the fruits of high-quality development benefit all ethnic groups in Xizang, and local people have a greater sense of gain, fulfillment and security. To help the region promote ethnic unity and progress on all fronts, the central authorities have pledged to continue to increase their input and strengthen support for Xizang's development in the future.

\n

The remarkable development of the autonomous region over the past 60 years fully demonstrates that only under the leadership of the CPC, adhering to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, upholding the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and adhering to the Party's guidelines on the governance of Xizang in the new era, can prosperity and progress be achieved in the autonomous region, and the people of all ethnic groups in Xizang live a happy life.

\n

With China at a critical juncture in building itself into a modern socialist country in all respects, Xizang's modernization drive stands at a new historical starting point.

\n

The region should have the confidence that under the leadership of the Party and with the full support of the nation, it will be able to accomplish the four tasks of ensuring stability, facilitating development, protecting the eco-environment, and strengthening the borders.

\n

In doing so, Xizang will open a new and splendid era of long-term peace and stability and high-quality development for itself.

\n

", - "category": "", - "link": "https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/html5/2025-08/22/content_008_68a793b7ed50ccabe1517f51.htm#008COMMENT", - "creator": "", - "pubDate": "Fri, 22 Aug 2025 00:21:05 +0000", - "enclosure": "", - "enclosureType": "", - "image": "", - "id": "", - "language": "", - "folder": "双语", - "feed": "ChinaDaily", - "read": false, - "favorite": false, - "created": false, - "tags": [], - "hash": "8b9b6a5815b0b009bd1d252a79e85a49", - "highlights": [] - }, { "title": "011WORLD - Safety net", "description": "

A teacher explains to students about the dengue disease and other diseases caused by mosquito bites, as they sit under a mosquito net as part of an awareness campaign against the diseases on World Mosquito Day on Wednesday in Agartala, India.

\n


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