![\"Daily](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-06T145659.186.jpg\" "\\"Daily")
Daily Sparks 是一款简单、小巧的免费 iPhone 应用，只有 2.7 MB，它通过桌面小组件的方式，显示重要的事情。甚至还能设置每日 16 次提醒通知，让重要的事情变成真的重要。@Appinn
\n\n\n\n青小蛙觉得，开发者的本意，是保存你最喜欢的语录，并不断的显示在屏幕上。
\n\n\n\n但不断的重复，最终会成为你真正重要的事情。
\n\n\n\n![\"Daily](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/photo_2025-07-06_14-40-32.avif\" "\\"Daily")
所以除了鸡汤语录，完全可以把重要的事情添加到这里，让它不断的提醒你。
\n\n\n\n甚至，开发者还提供了每次最多 16 次的提醒，再次、不断的重复重要的事情。
\n\n\n![\"Daily](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/photo_2025-07-06_14-44-32.avif\" "\\"Daily")
不过，以青小蛙测试的大概1个小时内，还没看到通知，也不知道这个16次通知，是如何推送的，可别大半夜不停来扰啊 ![\"😂\"](\"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/15.1.0/72x72/1f602.png\")
原文：https://www.appinn.com/daily-sparks/
\nDockFlow 是一款非常实用的 macOS 工具，支持创建多套程序坞图标组合，并可随场景一键切换。比如在工作时显示多个工作软件，娱乐时切换为游戏或影音应用。@Appinn
\n\n\n\n![\"DockFlow](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/Copy-of-appinn-homework-2025-07-07T144356.567.jpg\" "\\"DockFlow")
数码荔枝上新，买断产品。
\n\n\n\n专为 Mac 用户打造的工作区切换工具，可通过创建和切换 Dock 栏图标方案，轻松适应不同使用场景。
\n\n\n\n无论是开发、办公还是娱乐，只需设置不同图标组合方案，通过快捷键或菜单栏图标一键切换。让你的工作流不再混乱，轻松专注当前任务。
\n\n\n\n![\"DockFlow](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/lizhi-dockflow-2.avif\" "\\"DockFlow")
支持添加文件夹、文件、网址链接（见视频）到程序坞，甚至还能插入空白间隔，让布局更整洁。常用应用一触即达，效率直线提升！
\n\n\n\n![\"DockFlow](\"https://do-cdn.appinn.com/static3/images/2025/07/lizhi-dockflow-3.avif\" "\\"DockFlow")
个性化设置可以备份导出，方便系统迁移或分享使用。并支持自动关闭非布局内应用，让切换更加智能。
\n\n\n\n开发者可以在编程工具与设计软件间快速切换，商务人士可以从会议状态流畅进入工作模式，不被无关的图标打扰。
\n\n\n\n新品上架，通过专属链接下单 DockFlow，到手仅 35 元，买断制永久使用！
\n\n\n\n原文：https://www.appinn.com/dockflow/
\n![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/laADTC8BCK6M7Nv6wvsPyLPCsN7uraAJxdXiby5XB2BE6S0ulr9Fs213uZ85nlxAalcgRcLFiaSVdOVlrtCZRibIw/640?wx_fmt=gif\")
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4TzvMFHdy5H2gOlK5amUNG9TTylEeGwODYs6CoxqmuHXn7NdjibM3zVnHF5EHakKTXalMRe3IMNTQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
本 文 约 3600 字
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“霸道总裁爱上离异的她”“霸道总裁爱上离婚带娃的她”类型短剧频频爆火，引起了一些争议。不过，其实在中国古代很长一段时间里，出于政治或生育的原因，贵族群体会更倾向于娶离异的女人，“霸道总裁爱上离异、丧偶、带娃的她”之类的故事并不少见。诸如汉高祖刘邦娶了西魏王魏豹的妾薄姬、汉景帝娶了已婚生娃的王姪、汉昭烈帝刘备入川娶了遗孀吴氏，曹操娶了已婚带娃的秦氏、曹丕娶了二婚的甄宓……
接下来，就让我们具体来看看。
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4TzvMFHdy5H2gOlK5amUNGVcUNLDEcmbXeeOFXYicOHK4EsHllAGnFVQHSicCL86MLiaMwiaUiciclkIyQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4TzvMFHdy5H2gOlK5amUNGsoV8lHJsmHdJreBe6oabbIickr4QD7OJ8WGnGRPibyQ4BAdaKjX7OIUA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
公元前205年，汉王的大将军韩信不费吹灰之力拿下魏地，俘获了魏王豹和他的家人。后来魏豹在荥阳被汉将周苛杀死，魏豹的妾薄姬在织室被刘邦发现后纳入宫中。于是丧偶的薄姬嫁给了汉王，并为刘邦生下一个儿子，即代王刘恒。在诸吕之变后，代王成为汉文帝。
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4BVPAv0hJPaNADoHURc78aE0BBia1Flbtc1TheXv6rib2hgL0VrySgpzdTcWq2AIp8tsFC0whQGEIA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4TzvMFHdy5H2gOlK5amUNGayZSJwKBkU3y5dDYrhJKWhLkpuxgibQTI8Iyw1JPwfcX4Thk6nDO8Gg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
关于薄姬与刘邦见面的故事比较传奇，刘邦在成皋召幸薄姬时，薄姬说“昨天晚上做了个梦，梦见苍龙在我肚子里”，刘邦听了很开心，说：“此贵徵也，吾为女遂成之。（《史记》）”值得一提的是，据说当时的相士非常看好薄姬，她还是魏豹妾的时候，算命大师许负就预言薄姬“当生天子”，魏豹听闻后大喜，认为自己将得天下，万万没想到薄姬确实生了天子，只是不是魏豹的。
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4BVPAv0hJPaNADoHURc78aHyVkjUMq65e5H7t6XARmVFfDBHZOW7MRHE1uRx5Tcqg7xMRGyopmZQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4TzvMFHdy5H2gOlK5amUNGWlUu2p1lh4xA8x8D5m55r0qiaYLicsLzicPOMOibcBFZH9k4fKsr7C0AKw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
公元前156年，垂暮之年的传奇女性薄姬抱着新生的重孙刘彻，而站在一旁的孙媳妇王娡比她还传奇。王娡没有太多政治背景，也不代表什么家族，但她有一个能“折腾”的母亲臧儿，臧儿是秦末群雄燕王臧荼的孙女，她在主导自己命运（先后嫁王家与田家）之后，也要主导孩子的选择。在她的主持下，王娡先嫁给金王孙，生下一个女儿金俗，后来又被送到太子刘启（薄姬的嫡孙）那里成为王美人。王娡在太子那里非常受宠，先后生下平阳公主等三个女儿，又生下后来的汉武帝刘彻。后来汉武帝带人去找到了异父同母的妹妹，给了她一生的富贵。
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4BVPAv0hJPaNADoHURc78a3rxpd0Z1PR6FV7qu0He7ZtxqSiahvqVRDzRsjwIInk0u4icldZnrcsFg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
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公元214年，汉景帝的后人刘备进入成都，取代同宗刘璋正式成为益州之主。这时候孙尚香已经回到东吴，众臣有感于刘备没有正妻，建议刘备娶个媳妇。并且大家一致认为应该娶刘焉儿子、刘璋弟弟刘瑁（因狂疾已去世）的遗孀吴氏。
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4BVPAv0hJPaNADoHURc78aQQxpsXqSBZS6wHasM7Upu6M0OkWAp6HfTrbv6IrDDj63fiaqbA2d34g/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4TzvMFHdy5H2gOlK5amUNGfVooloDicXLOpIep2Wh4Mn3fGoiaXIb5fjyoa26mUgEiaf2LQV3Y2a2og/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
大家为啥一致让刘备娶离异的女人？这说来话长，刘焉主政益州的时候，有相面的说吴氏将是大贵之人（《三国志》记载刘焉“听相者之言，则求婚吴氏”），于是让吴氏嫁给了自己的儿子刘瑁。大家见到这则谶语效果这么明显，也就开始相信，慢慢就成了大家的共识。而且吴家不仅是中原侨居益州的大族，而且在益州军队中影响力也很大。观念与实力都让兄弟们觉得刘备应该娶她。
后来，刘备正式娶吴氏为夫人。刘备登基后，吴氏成为皇后。刘备死后，吴氏成为皇太后。
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4TzvMFHdy5H2gOlK5amUNGFmpXxMsMglaj7IUfQ5CsXD3NvQ5qas9kG8icjvNFZyaabaaBXRicglBQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4TzvMFHdy5H2gOlK5amUNGhFicH1O2HC2Fku7MpQXna0384633Fia0w6mhA2qxVavRhJE0ibApibiaw9Q/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
曹操曾追溯自己的祖先为汉朝的开国功臣曹参。按照这个逻辑，他和刘备是有亲缘关系的。公元199年，大汉司空曹操、大汉左将军刘备在徐州斩杀温侯吕布。关于战争遗产大家也进行了分配。吕布部将秦宜禄被安排为豫州沛国铚县（今安徽省淮北市濉溪县西南）的县长，他的妻子杜氏带着儿子秦朗到了曹操家。据说关羽专门向曹操请求纳杜氏为妻，后来曹操见到杜氏之后果断食言。在司空府，杜氏为曹操生下了曹林、曹衮二子及金乡公主。曹操对杜氏原先的儿子秦朗非常好，《三国志·明帝纪》裴松之注引《魏氏春秋》明确记载：
“朗随母氏畜于公宫，太祖甚爱之，每坐席，谓宾客曰：‘世有人爱假子如孤者乎？’”
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4TzvMFHdy5H2gOlK5amUNGyVQ6zp97e23esal4cyiaJXnM1CjlvlIFIm5lnADrmd9rzpnPVEyxESw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4TzvMFHdy5H2gOlK5amUNGquaWIcuLqVibCH4CtZfof8u0BrNIPe7tFKRHeQiaIu3Sr2WVIbdvMFiaw/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
公元204年，曹军打进邺城。曹丕娶了袁绍次子袁熙的妻子甄宓，甄宓深受曹丕宠爱，生下曹叡（魏明帝）和东乡公主。曹丕和甄宓是典型的政治联姻。曹操占领冀州后，自领大将军、冀州牧，需要收拾冀州人心，曹丕娶袁绍的儿媳是很好的选择。
汉唐时期，这种事情也很常见。比如李世民在玄武门之变后，把自己的十个侄儿杀掉。弟媳齐王妃杨氏成为他的情妇，并为他生下一个儿子——曹王李明。李世民的韦贵妃，跟前夫生有一女，李世民爱屋及乌，对她的女儿也很照顾，封为定襄县主。
到了宋以后，类似的事情就少了很多，而且需要专门解释。
1363年，在决定南方霸权的鄱阳湖大战中，陈友谅出动了全部巨型战舰与朱元璋决战。朱元璋却抓住傍晚风向有利的时机，在鄱阳湖水域实施火攻，一举焚毁陈友谅的主力舰队。这把大火不仅终结了陈友谅，还将朱元璋统一天下的梦想给燃烧了起来。战后，朱元璋率军顺利夺取武昌，并俘获了陈友谅全家。就这样，陈友谅的家人从武昌到了南京。朱元璋的卫士俞本目睹了全程，他晚年回忆时说：
“以陈理祖父及所生母并伯、叔、后、妃、嫔、宦载赴应天府。纳友谅次姬为妃。”
第一句字面意思很好理解，就是说朱元璋对他们的安置很好。确实，朱元璋封陈友谅的儿子陈理为归德侯、封陈友谅的父亲陈普才为承恩侯、大哥陈友富归仁伯、二哥陈友直怀恩伯、四弟陈友仁追封康山王。总之，朱元璋给了陈家极高的富贵与待遇。
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4TzvMFHdy5H2gOlK5amUNGHC87weYDGzmfklmiayPT7jgIyNCALUrREDtbPzOMy1y11yPpdwXjO3g/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
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但第二句就精彩了，“纳友谅次姬为妃”。
谁纳？朱元璋纳。
纳谁？纳陈友谅的次姬。
纳什么？纳为妃。
此时的朱元璋已经成为吴王，那他的媳妇自然就是王妃了。
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4TzvMFHdy5H2gOlK5amUNGynOXXejkX3AgrK2iagg1AibujH1VNLxbLicEZmH1IQq0AGwWeqJLaMicEA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4TzvMFHdy5H2gOlK5amUNG8AT0E0lnXJdialSE7kWugxMp4ZDvxE2fv59qnL6UZiaeaK700QN49EoQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
所以，这句话的意思就是，朱元璋娶了陈友谅的妃子为妃，显然，朱元璋根本不在意次姬的丧偶问题。于是，次姬在朱元璋这儿成了“达定妃”，之后还生下了齐王朱榑和潭王朱梓。
关于娶陈友谅媳妇的事，朱元璋曾正面回应过：
“朕当未定之时，攻城略地，与群雄并驱十有四年余，军中未尝妄将一妇人女子。惟亲下武昌，怒陈友谅擅以兵入境，既破武昌，故有伊妾而归。”
这个故事收录在《大诰》里，故事内容很好理解，重点是在强调朱元璋很有原则，只是陈友谅太罪恶，不得已才娶了他的妾。
《大诰》是朱元璋面向全民发布的，具有宣传属性，所以，朱元璋娶陈友谅媳妇的事儿，大明老百姓很快就知道了。大明老百姓压根不关心朱元璋的解释，大家很关心朱元璋娶陈友谅媳妇这个八卦。而官方信息比较少，大家就只能脑补（这也符合八卦的变异属性），于是慢慢地，这事儿就传出很多版本，并且越来越离奇。
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4TzvMFHdy5H2gOlK5amUNGkic0icEZTmDp01PxfiantO25zkhnkI5MhxJ9LwIfBH9NvQS7bSnHsT5WQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
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一百多年后，关于“霸道总裁娶丧偶的她”的故事，已经传出了新版本，甚至升级成了“霸道总裁爱上丧偶有孕的她”——
“我甚恨之，其妻氏可没入掖庭。未几生子，友谅遗腹也。封潭王，国于长沙。将之国，阇氏语之曰：‘尔乃汉王陈友谅子，汝父被杀，吾为汝忍死于此，他日当为父复此仇也。’”
写这段话的人是王世贞，他是蓟辽总督王忬的儿子、是当时的知名文人，相当于今天的大V或者全民追捧的大文豪。而阇氏即达定妃。在王世贞描述的故事里，达定妃成了烈女，潭王成了陈友谅的遗腹子，而且还要为父报仇。
这个八卦虽然有鼻子有眼，但可靠性不高，因为潭王是洪武二年（1369）生人，而陈友谅1363年时就已经死了。
让我们回到故事的最开始，朱元璋为什么要娶丧偶的她呢？站在陈家或者陈汉大臣的角度来看，朱元璋这么做是把他们当作一家人了，“渡尽劫波兄弟在，相逢一笑泯恩仇”。他的这一做法，非常有助于争取人心。但对于己方杀红了眼的将军和士兵而言，朱元璋这样做是为了进一步征服陈友谅，而且还等于他默许士兵拥有在战争期间得到的一切东西，毕竟“士卒所以争冒矢石，不顾其死者，贪虏获耳”。
所以说，霸道总裁朱元璋并不是真沉迷美色，他这一行为的背后有着深深的政治意图与权力考量，通过做一件事完成化敌为友和安抚军心，他何乐而不为呢？
无独有偶，1368年，元顺帝带着亲信离开大都，逃亡塞外。而被明军俘获的元朝官员、宫人都被徐达打包发往了南京，朱元璋在故元宫人中纳了妃。
这件事也传出了八卦，说碽妃其实怀了元顺帝的孩子，也就是后来的朱棣。这个故事在北方草原传播很广，还让草原人生出了一种自豪感——中原的皇帝实质就是我们草原的孩子。这对明朝而言，确实多少有点不舒服，但对招抚草原人很有帮助，也就睁一只眼闭一只眼了。
![](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK4TzvMFHdy5H2gOlK5amUNG2dKDHfTMricvrT5j0hPfnibda5kH0K7YHs1NYrUBwncpkEDBe7RicjdkQ/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\")
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历史的精彩就在这里，古代顶级政治家看似反常的行为，背后都是深深的政治算计，甚至这个行为可以做到多方自洽以收取最大政治效果。因为信息不均衡和人类猎奇心理的存在，这些行为会以八卦的形式传播得极广，内容也会变得面目全非，而有心的政治家会用这些信息再做“一桌饭”用来宴请宾客，让多方再次自洽。
参考文献：
1. 《史记》
2. 《三国志》
3. 《明史》
*本文系“国家人文历史”独家稿件，欢迎读者转发朋友圈。
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进击的士族
旁落的皇权
跨越五百年的权力对抗史
国民历史读物《国家人文历史》专业团队
最新力作
展现士族潮起潮落的史诗级历史画卷
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↓↓↓
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![\"头图\"/](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-76fed30f10beac07dc1504820516242c_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\")
如果这问题用“航天飞机”表示美国太空运输系统 Space Transportation System（以下称为 STS），那么其退役的主要原因是成本过高、安全性不足、维护困难。
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-4ae95521eddcd76d0db2ad82bc0810ab_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
“航天飞机”一词表示水平着陆的、可重复使用的航天器，不限于 STS。现存的无人驾驶航天飞机可以完成一些任务，主要是科学和军事任务。今后，人们或许还会制造更多的航天飞机。
\n历史上，STS 曾自称在以下方面超越运载火箭：
\n后来，人们发现 STS 有以下问题：
\n![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-52c41c5248f3327e0e2fc560af493b0c_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-ef5311c30a996e47c9d3512e7be9dcac_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-330251f37d6d604631cbe9d676e31f3f_720w.jpg?source=8673f162\")
——从诞生到退役，STS 进行了 135 次发射，发生 2 次重大事故，死亡 14 人。轨道飞行器的最大复用次数为 39（发现号）。STS 的主发动机号称可以复用 55 次，实际上平均复用了约 7.8 次。
\n苏联“暴风雪”号航天飞机只进行过 1 次无人驾驶飞行。苏联大概马上就发现了上述问题，苏联当时的经济状况也太差。
\nSTS 的载荷能力、相当于小型空间站的机载设备在历史上发挥了一些作用。如果历史上美国政府和军队不对 STS 的设计进行太多干预，那么 STS 的性价比也不至于整成这样。不过，最初设计的 STS 能完成的任务也较少。
\n二十一世纪初，可回收火箭在回收复用上完全超越了 STS。考虑通货膨胀，猎鹰重型的每磅有效载荷成本（2022 年约 689 美元，2025 年约 748 美元）低于 1972 年 STS 的纸面数据（2012 年约 1109 美元，2025 年约 1534 美元）。喜欢的话，读者可以说，这是“我们老旧的天启坦克全面超越了最新的磁能坦克”。
\n如果这问题用“航天飞机”表示美国太空运输系统 Space Transportation System（以下称为 STS），那么其退役的主要原因是成本过高、安全性不足、维护困难。
\n“航天飞机”一词表示水平着陆的、可重复使用的航天器，不限于 STS。现存的无人驾驶航天飞机可以完成一些任务，主要是科学和军事任务。今后，人们或许还会制造更多的航天飞机。
\n历史上，STS 曾自称在以下方面超越运载火箭：
\n后来，人们发现 STS 有以下问题：
\n——从诞生到退役，STS 进行了 135 次发射，发生 2 次重大事故，死亡 14 人。轨道飞行器的最大复用次数为 39（发现号）。STS 的主发动机号称可以复用 55 次，实际上平均复用了约 7.8 次。
\n苏联“暴风雪”号航天飞机只进行过 1 次无人驾驶飞行。苏联大概马上就发现了上述问题，苏联当时的经济状况也太差。
\nSTS 的载荷能力、相当于小型空间站的机载设备在历史上发挥了一些作用。如果历史上美国政府和军队不对 STS 的设计进行太多干预，那么 STS 的性价比也不至于整成这样。不过，最初设计的 STS 能完成的任务也较少。
\n二十一世纪初，可回收火箭在回收复用上完全超越了 STS。考虑通货膨胀，猎鹰重型的每磅有效载荷成本（2022 年约 689 美元，2025 年约 748 美元）低于 1972 年 STS 的纸面数据（2012 年约 1109 美元，2025 年约 1534 美元）。喜欢的话，读者可以说，这是“我们老旧的天启坦克全面超越了最新的磁能坦克”。
\n![\"头图\"/](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-9d8826f6f05df9f37aa27f15ab142e1c_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\")
实际上 dent- 和 tooth 是同源的，意思也相同，只不过前者借自拉丁语(或法语)而后者是英语本土词。
\n其实不止这俩，英语还有第三个表示牙齿的词根——odont-，比如 odontology(牙科学)，odontoid(齿状的)，这个词根来自希腊语，和前面提到过的拉丁词根 dent-、英语本土 tooth 全部同源
\n由于英语、拉丁语、希腊语都属于印欧语系，在很多年前是同一种语言，因此他们彼此之间有大量同源词是很正常的事情，「牙齿」就是一个例子。
\n那么在这三种语言分开之前，原始印欧语是怎么说牙齿的呢？——*h₃dónts
\n至于为什么英语会通过借词整出这三个同源同义不同形的词或词根……因为很长一段时间盎撒人以尊法、拉丁、希腊为荣，借了大量法语 / 拉丁 / 希腊词汇，同在造高级词汇时也倾向于使用法语 / 拉丁 / 希腊词根而非本土词(这点其实不止盎撒人，整个欧洲或多或少都有这种倾向，只是盎撒人的这种倾向很大)，就类似于——近代日本人在造高级词汇时也倾向于使用汉语词(音读)而非和语词。日本人造了不少和制汉语，盎撒人同样造了不少「盎制拉丁语 / 希腊语」，比如 internet 就是美国人用拉丁词根造出来的
\n再举一些英语中类似的「同源同义不同形」词 / 词根例子(按本土，拉丁，希腊的顺序排)：
\n![\"头图\"/](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/v2-08a24674afb062ad973048d2740333bf_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\")
你就记着一个原则，凡是类似「祛魅」、「异化」、「物化」、「解构」等等，这种看上去很抽象很厉害的词儿，你都不能用二极管式的对错思维来进行判断。
\n这是因为当我们将这些词汇从它们原来所存在的上下文抽取出来，用于形容我们具体的生活现象时，它们往往已经不再是其本意。
\n所以讨论这些词本身的对错并没有太大的意义，这全看你怎么去认知它，怎么去构建它。
\n而我，则更倾向用重新解释的方式，让这些词真正能帮到你，而不是成为一个单纯用来被肯定或否认的对象。
\n比如，这个问题中问到的「祛魅」。
\n它本来指的是现代社会对于宗教进行理性化和文化合理化解释的现象，后来被马克思·韦伯拿来描述现代社会理性化进程中，神秘、神圣的东西逐渐被科学和效率取代的现象，这本身是个宏观层面、社会层面的，很大的词汇。
\n但好像就在一夜之间，所有人都开始念叨着要「祛魅」——对爱情祛魅，对工作祛魅，对人生的意义祛魅……
\n仿佛只要把什么东西从神坛上拽下来，踩上两脚，吐口唾沫，自己就能立刻获得某种超然的清醒。
\n「爱情？别傻了，都是荷尔蒙和多巴胺的骗局！」
\n「理想？醒醒吧，996 和还不完的房贷才是你的宿命！」
\n「婚姻？不过是经济共同体的契约罢了。」
\n你看，只要善于祛魅，就能把自己活成一个清醒的悲观主义者，提前把所有美好的可能统统踩碎，然后骄傲的宣布：「看吧，我早知道会这样！」
\n但问题是——你这是「祛魅」了吗？
\n还是只是换了一种方式继续自我欺骗？
\n我跟你讲，真落地到操作层面，比如说心理学中，最接近「日常祛魅」的词汇，叫做「防御机制」。
\n想象一下，一个孩子第一次被朋友背叛，他可能会哭，会愤怒，会不解。
\n但是到了第三次、第四次，他开始学会冷笑：「呵，人性本恶，我早该知道……」
\n这不叫清醒，这叫麻木！
\n祛魅者们的逻辑很简单：只要我先否定一切，就没人能伤害我。
\n他们害怕失望，所以就干脆先让自己对一切不抱希望；
\n他们害怕幻灭，所以就干脆先亲手打碎所有的幻想。
\n你问我，这样的祛魅是正确的吗？
\n要我说，这哪里是祛魅，不过是一场更高级的自我安慰罢了。
\n所以我想斗胆重新定义一下祛魅这个词汇，
\n我认为真正合理的祛魅，不是否认，而是重构。
\n不是让你变成一个冷血的现实主义者，而是让你学会在幻灭之后，依然能建立起自己的信仰。
\n爱情祛魅？不是让你相信「爱情不存在」，而是让你明白，爱情不是童话里的完美故事，是两个不完美的人，在泥潭里互相拉扯着向前走。
\n理想祛魅？不是让你放弃追求，而是让你接受，理想不是一蹴而就的奇迹，而是你日复一日的枯燥的坚持。
\n人生祛魅？不是让你变成行尸走肉，而是让你在看清生活的荒诞之后，依然能找到属于自己的那点微光。
\n祛魅不是让你放弃相信，而是让你学会更坚韧的相信。
\n所以，别再去纠结「祛魅」是对还是错了。
\n也别在自欺欺人说「我已经祛魅了」。
\n真正的祛魅，是让你学会在废墟之上，重新点燃自己的火把。
\n![\"头图\"/](\"http://pica.zhimg.com/v2-25324afbda8ee5527504a76cf95e7c6a_fhd.jpg?source=8673f162\")
\n\n@青核仁 ：课间玩。 一个词是寿衣，另一个词是婚纱。 开局，第一个兄弟：「我们每年都会穿一次。」 ……抽到寿衣的和抽到婚纱的都沉默了\n
\n\n果断把他出了 事后，他说……他以为寿衣的「寿」是过生日的「寿」……\n
\n\n@北冥鲲 ：终于可以拿出我珍藏已久的图了！\n
![\"\"](\"http://pica.zhimg.com/80/v2-d7b09ea7cd5ed459e21542d74dee1333_1440w.png?source=d16d100b\")
\n\n\n@科莫娃就 ：千万不要用洗洁精给狗子洗澡，冲不干净。\n
![\"\"](\"http://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-27010d5c4239b1733749a42c9a16d36f_1440w.png?source=d16d100b\")
\n\n\n@贾纳尔 ：挺正常的，也不单是因为性别，各行各业都有……比方说……\n
![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/80/v2-b49bebca73bfb16c596d0fca73d3e12d_1440w.png?source=d16d100b\")
\n\n\n@隰有荷华 ：恩格尔都没吃过里脊肉夹饼，他懂个 der 。\n
![\"\"](\"http://picx.zhimg.com/80/v2-aeaa1e04f5d706ff29e5bd01bfb230bb_1440w.png?source=d16d100b\")
\n研究发现，置身大自然会让你感觉时间过得更慢，有助于将你的注意力从眼前转移到未来的需求上。你将能够延迟即时满足感，转而追求长期回报，而不是永远生活在“只求过得去”的状态中。
\n\n
![](\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/05/66d95738a3108f29a8b66ee6.jpeg\")
\n \n
Do you ever get that feeling that there aren't enough hours in the day? That time is somehow racing away from you, and it is impossible to fit everything in. But then, you step outside into the countryside and suddenly everything seems slower, more relaxed, like time has somehow changed.
\n你是否有过这样的感觉：一天的时间不够用？时间不知不觉地从你身边溜走，不可能把所有事情都安排好。但是，当你走到郊外，突然间一切都变得缓慢、轻松起来，就好像时间发生了某种变化。
\n\n
It's not just you – recent research showed nature can regulate our sense of time.
\n不仅仅是你，最近的研究表明，大自然可以调节我们的时间感。
\n\n
For many of us, the combined demands of work, home and family mean that we are always feeling like we don't have enough time. Time poverty has also been exacerbated by digital technologies. Permanent connectivity extends working hours and can make it difficult to switch off from the demands of friends and family.
\n对我们许多人来说，工作、家庭和家人的综合需求意味着我们总是感觉时间不够用。数字技术也加剧了时间贫乏。永久连接延长了工作时间，也使我们难以摆脱朋友和家人的要求。
\n\n
Recent research suggests that the antidote to our lack of time may lie in the natural world. Psychologist Richardo Correia, at the University of Turku in Finland, found that being in nature may change how we experience time and, perhaps, even give us the sense of time abundance.
\n最新研究表明，解决我们时间匮乏问题的良方可能在于自然世界。芬兰图尔库大学的心理学家理查多·科雷亚发现，身处在大自然中可能会改变我们对时间的体验方式，甚至可能让我们感觉到时间的充裕。
\n\n
Correia examined research which compared people's experiences of time when they performed different types of tasks in urban and natural environments. These studies consistently showed that people report a sense of expanded time when they were in nature compared to when they were in an urban environment.
\n科雷亚查阅了比较人们在城市和自然环境中执行不同类型任务时对时间体验的研究。这些研究一致表明，与在城市环境中相比，人们在大自然中会有时间更充裕的感觉。
\n\n
For example, people are more likely to perceive a walk in the countryside as longer than a walk of the same length in the city. Similarly, people report perceiving time as passing more slowly while performing tasks in natural green environments than in urban environments. Nature seems to slow and expand our sense of time.
\n例如，与在城市中散步相比，人们更倾向于认为在郊外散步的时间更长。同样，与城市环境相比，人们在绿色自然环境中执行任务时会觉得时间过得更慢。大自然似乎减缓并扩展了我们的时间感。
\n\n
It's not just our sense of time in the moment which appears to be altered by the natural world, it's also our sense of the past and future. Previous research shows that spending time in nature helps to shift our focus from the immediate moment towards our future needs. So rather than focusing on the stress of the demands on our time, nature helps us to see the bigger picture.
\n自然世界似乎不仅改变了我们当下的时间感，还改变了我们对过去和未来的时间感。先前的研究表明，在大自然中度过的时间有助于将我们的注意力从眼前转移到未来的需求上。因此，大自然会帮助我们看到更广阔的前景，而不是专注于时间要求带给我们的压力。
\n\n
This can help us to prioritise our actions so that we meet our long-term goals rather than living in a perpetual state of \"just about keeping our head above water\".
\n这可以帮助我们确定行动的轻重缓急，从而实现我们的长期目标，而不是永远生活在“只求过得去”的状态中。
\n\n
This is in part because spending time in nature appears to make us less impulsive, enabling us to delay instant gratification in favour of long-term rewards.
\n这在一定程度上是因为在大自然中度过的时间似乎会让我们不那么冲动，使我们能够延迟即时满足感，转而追求长期回报。
\n\n
![](\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/05/66d95738a3108f29a8b66ee8.jpeg\")
\n \n
Why does nature affect our sense of time?
\n为什么大自然会影响我们的时间观念？
\n\n
Spending time in nature is known to have many benefits for health and wellbeing. Having access to natural spaces such as beaches, parks and woodlands is associated with reduced anxiety and depression, improved sleep, reduced levels of obesity and cardiovascular disease, and improved wellbeing.
\n众所周知，在大自然中度过时光对健康和幸福有很多好处。拥有海滩、公园和林地等自然空间与减少焦虑和抑郁、改善睡眠、降低肥胖和心血管疾病水平以及提高幸福感有关。
\n\n
Some of these benefits may explain why being in nature alters our experience of time.
\n其中一些好处或许可以解释为什么身处大自然中会改变我们对时间的体验。
\n\n
The way we experience time is shaped by our internal biological state and the events going on in the world around us. As a result, emotions such as stress, anxiety and fear can distort our sense of the passage of time.
\n我们体验时间的方式是由我们的内在生理状态和周围世界发生的事件决定的。因此，压力、焦虑和恐惧等情绪会扭曲我们对时间流逝的感知。
\n\n
The relaxing effect of natural environments may counter stress and anxiety, resulting in a more stable experience of time. Indeed, the absence of access to nature during COVID-19 may help to explain why people's sense of time became so distorted during the pandemic lockdowns.
\n自然环境的放松效果可以抵消压力和焦虑，使我们对时间的体验更加稳定。事实上，在新冠疫情期间无法接触大自然可能有助于解释为什么在大流行病封锁期间人们的时间感会变得如此扭曲。
\n\n
In the short term, being away from the demands of modern day life may provide the respite needed to re-prioritise life, and reduce time pressure by focusing on what actually needs to be done. In the longer term, time in nature may help to enhance our memory and attention capacity, making us better able to deal with the demands on our time.
\n从短期来看，远离现代生活的需求可以让我们得到喘息的机会，从而重新确定生活的优先次序，并通过专注于真正需要做的事情来减轻时间压力。从长远来看，在大自然中度过的时间可能有助于增强我们的记忆力和注意力，使我们能够更好地处理对时间的需求。
\n\n
Accessing nature
\n亲近大自然
\n\n
Getting out into nature may sound like a simple fix, but for many people, particularly those living in urban areas, nature can be hard to access. Green infrastructure such as trees, woodlands, parks and allotments in and around towns and cities are essential to making sure the benefits of time in nature are accessible to everyone.
\n到大自然中去听起来似乎很简单，但对很多人来说，尤其是生活在城市地区的人，可能很难接触到大自然。要确保每个人都能享受到大自然带来的益处，城镇及周边地区的树木、林地、公园和种植园等绿色基础设施是必不可少的。
\n\n
If spending time in nature isn't possible for you, there are other ways that you can regain control of your time. Start by closely examining how you use time throughout your week. Auditing your time can help you see where time is being wasted and to identify action to help you to free up more time in your life.
\n如果您无法在大自然中度过美好时光，您还可以通过其他方式重新掌控自己的时间。首先，仔细检查自己一周中如何利用时间。审核时间可以帮助您发现时间浪费在哪里，并确定行动，帮助您在生活中腾出更多时间。
\n\n
Alternatively, try to set yourself some boundaries in how you use time. This could be limiting when you access emails and social media, or it could be booking in time in your calendar to take a break. Taking control of your time and how you use it can help to you overcome the sense that time is running away from you.
\n或者，在如何使用时间方面为自己设定一些界限。这可以是限制您访问电子邮件和社交媒体的时间，也可以是在您的日历中预定休息时间。控制好自己的时间和使用方式，有助于克服 “时间正在离你远去”的感觉。
\n\n
来源：The Conversation、Science Alert、煎蛋网
\n编辑：丹妮
\n审校：董静、齐磊
\n\n研究发现，置身大自然会让你感觉时间过得更慢，有助于将你的注意力从眼前转移到未来的需求上。你将能够延迟即时满足感，转而追求长期回报，而不是永远生活在“只求过得去”的状态中。
\n\n
\n \n
Do you ever get that feeling that there aren't enough hours in the day? That time is somehow racing away from you, and it is impossible to fit everything in. But then, you step outside into the countryside and suddenly everything seems slower, more relaxed, like time has somehow changed.
\n你是否有过这样的感觉：一天的时间不够用？时间不知不觉地从你身边溜走，不可能把所有事情都安排好。但是，当你走到郊外，突然间一切都变得缓慢、轻松起来，就好像时间发生了某种变化。
\n\n
It's not just you – recent research showed nature can regulate our sense of time.
\n不仅仅是你，最近的研究表明，大自然可以调节我们的时间感。
\n\n
For many of us, the combined demands of work, home and family mean that we are always feeling like we don't have enough time. Time poverty has also been exacerbated by digital technologies. Permanent connectivity extends working hours and can make it difficult to switch off from the demands of friends and family.
\n对我们许多人来说，工作、家庭和家人的综合需求意味着我们总是感觉时间不够用。数字技术也加剧了时间贫乏。永久连接延长了工作时间，也使我们难以摆脱朋友和家人的要求。
\n\n
Recent research suggests that the antidote to our lack of time may lie in the natural world. Psychologist Richardo Correia, at the University of Turku in Finland, found that being in nature may change how we experience time and, perhaps, even give us the sense of time abundance.
\n最新研究表明，解决我们时间匮乏问题的良方可能在于自然世界。芬兰图尔库大学的心理学家理查多·科雷亚发现，身处在大自然中可能会改变我们对时间的体验方式，甚至可能让我们感觉到时间的充裕。
\n\n
Correia examined research which compared people's experiences of time when they performed different types of tasks in urban and natural environments. These studies consistently showed that people report a sense of expanded time when they were in nature compared to when they were in an urban environment.
\n科雷亚查阅了比较人们在城市和自然环境中执行不同类型任务时对时间体验的研究。这些研究一致表明，与在城市环境中相比，人们在大自然中会有时间更充裕的感觉。
\n\n
For example, people are more likely to perceive a walk in the countryside as longer than a walk of the same length in the city. Similarly, people report perceiving time as passing more slowly while performing tasks in natural green environments than in urban environments. Nature seems to slow and expand our sense of time.
\n例如，与在城市中散步相比，人们更倾向于认为在郊外散步的时间更长。同样，与城市环境相比，人们在绿色自然环境中执行任务时会觉得时间过得更慢。大自然似乎减缓并扩展了我们的时间感。
\n\n
It's not just our sense of time in the moment which appears to be altered by the natural world, it's also our sense of the past and future. Previous research shows that spending time in nature helps to shift our focus from the immediate moment towards our future needs. So rather than focusing on the stress of the demands on our time, nature helps us to see the bigger picture.
\n自然世界似乎不仅改变了我们当下的时间感，还改变了我们对过去和未来的时间感。先前的研究表明，在大自然中度过的时间有助于将我们的注意力从眼前转移到未来的需求上。因此，大自然会帮助我们看到更广阔的前景，而不是专注于时间要求带给我们的压力。
\n\n
This can help us to prioritise our actions so that we meet our long-term goals rather than living in a perpetual state of \"just about keeping our head above water\".
\n这可以帮助我们确定行动的轻重缓急，从而实现我们的长期目标，而不是永远生活在“只求过得去”的状态中。
\n\n
This is in part because spending time in nature appears to make us less impulsive, enabling us to delay instant gratification in favour of long-term rewards.
\n这在一定程度上是因为在大自然中度过的时间似乎会让我们不那么冲动，使我们能够延迟即时满足感，转而追求长期回报。
\n\n
\n \n
Why does nature affect our sense of time?
\n为什么大自然会影响我们的时间观念？
\n\n
Spending time in nature is known to have many benefits for health and wellbeing. Having access to natural spaces such as beaches, parks and woodlands is associated with reduced anxiety and depression, improved sleep, reduced levels of obesity and cardiovascular disease, and improved wellbeing.
\n众所周知，在大自然中度过时光对健康和幸福有很多好处。拥有海滩、公园和林地等自然空间与减少焦虑和抑郁、改善睡眠、降低肥胖和心血管疾病水平以及提高幸福感有关。
\n\n
Some of these benefits may explain why being in nature alters our experience of time.
\n其中一些好处或许可以解释为什么身处大自然中会改变我们对时间的体验。
\n\n
The way we experience time is shaped by our internal biological state and the events going on in the world around us. As a result, emotions such as stress, anxiety and fear can distort our sense of the passage of time.
\n我们体验时间的方式是由我们的内在生理状态和周围世界发生的事件决定的。因此，压力、焦虑和恐惧等情绪会扭曲我们对时间流逝的感知。
\n\n
The relaxing effect of natural environments may counter stress and anxiety, resulting in a more stable experience of time. Indeed, the absence of access to nature during COVID-19 may help to explain why people's sense of time became so distorted during the pandemic lockdowns.
\n自然环境的放松效果可以抵消压力和焦虑，使我们对时间的体验更加稳定。事实上，在新冠疫情期间无法接触大自然可能有助于解释为什么在大流行病封锁期间人们的时间感会变得如此扭曲。
\n\n
In the short term, being away from the demands of modern day life may provide the respite needed to re-prioritise life, and reduce time pressure by focusing on what actually needs to be done. In the longer term, time in nature may help to enhance our memory and attention capacity, making us better able to deal with the demands on our time.
\n从短期来看，远离现代生活的需求可以让我们得到喘息的机会，从而重新确定生活的优先次序，并通过专注于真正需要做的事情来减轻时间压力。从长远来看，在大自然中度过的时间可能有助于增强我们的记忆力和注意力，使我们能够更好地处理对时间的需求。
\n\n
Accessing nature
\n亲近大自然
\n\n
Getting out into nature may sound like a simple fix, but for many people, particularly those living in urban areas, nature can be hard to access. Green infrastructure such as trees, woodlands, parks and allotments in and around towns and cities are essential to making sure the benefits of time in nature are accessible to everyone.
\n到大自然中去听起来似乎很简单，但对很多人来说，尤其是生活在城市地区的人，可能很难接触到大自然。要确保每个人都能享受到大自然带来的益处，城镇及周边地区的树木、林地、公园和种植园等绿色基础设施是必不可少的。
\n\n
If spending time in nature isn't possible for you, there are other ways that you can regain control of your time. Start by closely examining how you use time throughout your week. Auditing your time can help you see where time is being wasted and to identify action to help you to free up more time in your life.
\n如果您无法在大自然中度过美好时光，您还可以通过其他方式重新掌控自己的时间。首先，仔细检查自己一周中如何利用时间。审核时间可以帮助您发现时间浪费在哪里，并确定行动，帮助您在生活中腾出更多时间。
\n\n
Alternatively, try to set yourself some boundaries in how you use time. This could be limiting when you access emails and social media, or it could be booking in time in your calendar to take a break. Taking control of your time and how you use it can help to you overcome the sense that time is running away from you.
\n或者，在如何使用时间方面为自己设定一些界限。这可以是限制您访问电子邮件和社交媒体的时间，也可以是在您的日历中预定休息时间。控制好自己的时间和使用方式，有助于克服 “时间正在离你远去”的感觉。
\n\n
来源：The Conversation、Science Alert、煎蛋网
\n编辑：丹妮
\n审校：董静、齐磊
\n\n清晨悦耳的鸟鸣让人心旷神怡，但是一天中的其他时间却很少能听到鸟叫。为什么鸟儿都喜欢在清晨歌唱？来本文中寻找答案吧。
\n\n
![](\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/04/66d7fb2da3108f29a8b65829.jpeg\")
\n \n
Wake up early enough and, depending on where you live, you’ll likely hear a pleasant chorus of birds chirping their tiny hearts out. This am avian arrangement is instinctual behavior for birds, but why?
早上起得够早的话，在你所住的地方也许能听到一阵悦耳的鸟鸣。在清晨歌唱是鸟的本能行为，但是鸟鸣为什么都在清晨呢？
\n
According to the Woodland Trust, this early singing is known as the dawn chorus, and it can start as early as 4 am and last for several hours. Birds do it to attract mates and warn other birds to avoid their turf. One theory as to why they opt for the wee hours to communicate these important messages is because the low visibility makes it hard to do other bird activities, like foraging. Keeping their activity level low, they opt to sing instead.
林地信托机构称，鸟儿在清晨鸣叫最早从凌晨4点开始，可持续数个小时。鸟鸣叫是为了吸引配偶，也是为了警告其他鸟不要入侵自己的领地。关于鸟类为什么选择在凌晨传递这些重要信息，有一个理论是，凌晨能见度低，鸟类难以进行觅食等其他活动，既然无事可做，那么鸟儿就转而选择鸣叫。
\n
Another theory argues that birds use the morning vocals to project an image of strength. By singing with fervor, they’re letting other birds know they survived the night—no guarantee in nature—and would make for an excellent mate.
另一种理论认为，鸟类利用晨鸣来展示自己的力量。通过热情地歌唱，它们让其他鸟儿知道自己已经安然度过黑夜——要知道自然界的动物过着朝不保夕的日子，不一定能看见明天的太阳——并能够成为出色的伴侣。
\n
Like a good recording studio, the early morning hours also allow birds to transmit a clear tune thanks to the cooler, drier air. Because birds have distinctive chirps, that clarity helps them be more easily identified by birds within listening distance.
清晨的空气更凉爽、更干燥，就像一个效果很好的录音棚，鸟儿在此时歌唱能传递出清晰的音质。因为鸟儿的声音各有不同，这种清晰度可以让听得见的鸟儿更容易识别出它们的声音。
\n
There used to be a prevailing theory that birds sang so much in the mornings because the sounds could travel greater distances due to less atmospheric turbulence, but it was disproven by researchers at the University of Western Ontario in 2003. They played recordings of sparrows at dawn and midday. The songs didn’t travel farther, but they were more consistent.
过去有一个流行的理论认为，鸟儿最爱在清晨鸣叫是因为在气流稳定的时候声音能传播得更远。但是西安大略大学的研究人员在2003年否定了这一理论。研究人员在黎明和中午分别播放了麻雀的录音。然而麻雀声音并没有传播得更远，只不过黎明时分麻雀的叫声更连贯。
\n
Because birds only have so much energy to belt one out, singing when they stand the best chance of being heard makes sense. For a bird, an early morning session is like having the perfect acoustic environment for their performance.
因为鸟儿只能用有限的精力来鸣叫，它们自然会选择在最可能被听到的时候歌唱。对一只鸟儿来说，清晨鸣叫相当于在最佳音效环境中表演。
\n
英文来源：Mental Floss
\n编译：丹妮
\n审校：董静、齐磊
\n\n清晨悦耳的鸟鸣让人心旷神怡，但是一天中的其他时间却很少能听到鸟叫。为什么鸟儿都喜欢在清晨歌唱？来本文中寻找答案吧。
\n\n
\n \n
Wake up early enough and, depending on where you live, you’ll likely hear a pleasant chorus of birds chirping their tiny hearts out. This am avian arrangement is instinctual behavior for birds, but why?
早上起得够早的话，在你所住的地方也许能听到一阵悦耳的鸟鸣。在清晨歌唱是鸟的本能行为，但是鸟鸣为什么都在清晨呢？
\n
According to the Woodland Trust, this early singing is known as the dawn chorus, and it can start as early as 4 am and last for several hours. Birds do it to attract mates and warn other birds to avoid their turf. One theory as to why they opt for the wee hours to communicate these important messages is because the low visibility makes it hard to do other bird activities, like foraging. Keeping their activity level low, they opt to sing instead.
林地信托机构称，鸟儿在清晨鸣叫最早从凌晨4点开始，可持续数个小时。鸟鸣叫是为了吸引配偶，也是为了警告其他鸟不要入侵自己的领地。关于鸟类为什么选择在凌晨传递这些重要信息，有一个理论是，凌晨能见度低，鸟类难以进行觅食等其他活动，既然无事可做，那么鸟儿就转而选择鸣叫。
\n
Another theory argues that birds use the morning vocals to project an image of strength. By singing with fervor, they’re letting other birds know they survived the night—no guarantee in nature—and would make for an excellent mate.
另一种理论认为，鸟类利用晨鸣来展示自己的力量。通过热情地歌唱，它们让其他鸟儿知道自己已经安然度过黑夜——要知道自然界的动物过着朝不保夕的日子，不一定能看见明天的太阳——并能够成为出色的伴侣。
\n
Like a good recording studio, the early morning hours also allow birds to transmit a clear tune thanks to the cooler, drier air. Because birds have distinctive chirps, that clarity helps them be more easily identified by birds within listening distance.
清晨的空气更凉爽、更干燥，就像一个效果很好的录音棚，鸟儿在此时歌唱能传递出清晰的音质。因为鸟儿的声音各有不同，这种清晰度可以让听得见的鸟儿更容易识别出它们的声音。
\n
There used to be a prevailing theory that birds sang so much in the mornings because the sounds could travel greater distances due to less atmospheric turbulence, but it was disproven by researchers at the University of Western Ontario in 2003. They played recordings of sparrows at dawn and midday. The songs didn’t travel farther, but they were more consistent.
过去有一个流行的理论认为，鸟儿最爱在清晨鸣叫是因为在气流稳定的时候声音能传播得更远。但是西安大略大学的研究人员在2003年否定了这一理论。研究人员在黎明和中午分别播放了麻雀的录音。然而麻雀声音并没有传播得更远，只不过黎明时分麻雀的叫声更连贯。
\n
Because birds only have so much energy to belt one out, singing when they stand the best chance of being heard makes sense. For a bird, an early morning session is like having the perfect acoustic environment for their performance.
因为鸟儿只能用有限的精力来鸣叫，它们自然会选择在最可能被听到的时候歌唱。对一只鸟儿来说，清晨鸣叫相当于在最佳音效环境中表演。
\n
英文来源：Mental Floss
\n编译：丹妮
\n审校：董静、齐磊
\n\n海关总署近日发布的数据显示，今年上半年，中国体育用品及设备出口同比增长16.7%，高出同期出口整体增速9.8个百分点。世界贸易组织发布的数据报告显示，全球范围内的体育用品贸易在过去近30年里增长了近3倍，而在这30年间，中国已成为全球最大的体育用品出口国。
\n![](\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/03/66d6b777a3108f29a8b647bc.jpeg\")
\n The exports of China's sporting goods and equipment surged 16.7 percent year-on-year in the first half of 2024, outpacing the overall export growth during the same period by a whopping 9.8 percentage points, according to data recently released by the General Administration of Customs (GAC).
海关总署近日发布的数据显示，今年上半年，中国体育用品及设备出口同比增长16.7%，高出同期出口整体增速9.8个百分点。
Data from the World Trade Organization showed that global trade in sporting goods has nearly tripled in almost 30 years, and China has become the world's top exporter of sporting goods.
世界贸易组织发布的数据显示，全球范围内的体育用品贸易在过去近30年里增长了近3倍，而在这30年间，中国已成为全球最大的体育用品出口国。
In Jinping county of southwest China's Guizhou Province, a global production hub for badminton shuttlecocks, more than 100,000 shuttlecocks are sold worldwide a day.
在全球重要的羽毛球生产基地——贵州省锦屏县，每天超过10万只羽毛球从这里“飞”向全球。
\"We've calculated that about one in every 10 shuttlecocks in the world comes from Jinping,\" said Hu Bing, production manager of Guizhou RSL Sports Culture Development Co., Ltd.
贵州亚狮龙体育文化产业发展有限公司生产经理胡兵说：“我们统计过，全球大约每10只羽毛球，就有1只产自锦屏。”
Last year, the company produced over 4 million dozen shuttlecocks, generating a staggering output value of 340 million yuan ($47.73 million) and exporting nearly $9 million worth of shuttlecocks to over 60 countries and regions, Hu noted.
胡兵说，公司去年产值3.4亿元，生产羽毛球超400多万打，出口总额近900万美元，产品销往60多个国家和地区。
The first half of 2024 saw the company achieve even more remarkable growth, with the output value of shuttlecocks reaching 185 million yuan and exports skyrocketing by around 40 percent compared to the same period last year.
今年上半年，该公司营业额进一步增长，产值达1.85亿元，出口比去年同期增长了40%左右。
In the first quarter of 2024, China's exports of footballs, basketballs, and volleyballs saw a year-on-year increase of 33.57 percent in volume and 17.99 percent in value, while that of table tennis, badminton, and tennis equipment increased 0.93 percent from the same period last year to $204 million, according to GAC data.
根据海关总署数据，2024年第一季度，中国足球、篮球、排球出口量同比增长33.57%，出口额同比增长17.99%；乒乓球、羽毛球、网球及相关用品累计出口额2.04亿美元，同比增长0.93%。
In the first three months of this year, the country's exports of roller skates and skateboards surged 30.85 percent and 50.21 percent year-on-year, respectively. The inclusion of skateboarding as an Olympic sport has further fueled demand, particularly in countries like Russia and Japan.
今年一季度，中国旱冰鞋和滑板出口量同比分别大幅增长30.85%和50.21%。随着滑板成为奥运项目，带动俄罗斯、日本等国消费，滑板出口额增长显著。
In addition, treadmill exports jumped by 44.94 percent year-on-year in the first quarter, while artificial turf exports grew by 15.64 percent from the same period last year.
此外，一季度跑步机和人造草同比也分别增长44.94%和15.64%。
To boost the pace of \"going global,\" Chinese sporting goods companies need to rely on greener sporting goods with higher technological content, said Bao Mingxiao, director of the China Sports Policy Research Institute at Beijing Sport University.
北京体育大学中国体育政策研究院院长鲍明晓表示，企业出海的步伐要更加坚实有力，靠的是更具科技含量、更加绿色环保的“硬实力”。
Dingqi Sports Goods (Huai'an) Co., Ltd. in Huai'an city, east China's Jiangsu Province specializes in the production of ball bladders, including those used in the production of footballs, volleyballs, basketballs and rugby balls. 70 percent of its products are exported overseas. For the Paris Olympics, the company exported products made from 70 percent bio-based materials.
江苏淮安的顶碁运动用品（淮安）有限公司专门生产运动用足球、排球、篮球、橄榄球等球类产品内胆，产品70%出口海外。巴黎奥运会就使用了这家企业研发的含有70%生物基的产品。
\"This type of football is equipped with a chip capable of making 500 identifications per second to assist in determining a handball or offside instances,\" said Zhou Hongda, general manager of the company, adding that it produces ball bladders made from recycled and bio-based materials.
顶碁运动用品（淮安）有限公司总经理周宏达表示：“这款足球植入了芯片，1秒内能做500次识别动作，通过实时数据辅助判断是否手球、越位等。” 他介绍，该公司的足球内胆用回收材料、生物基材料制成。
Since the start of this year, the company has exported 4.07 million balls for training and games, including those used in the UEFA European Championship, Copa America, and the Paris Olympics.
今年以来，这家公司已出口欧洲杯、美洲杯、奥运会等赛事用球及训练用球407万个。
Zhou believes that the key to the popularity of \"Made-in-China\" sporting goods overseas lies in continuous innovation, higher technological content, and adapting to new market demand.
周宏达认为，“中国制造”体育用品赢得海外市场的关键就在于不断创新，增加产品的科技含量，适应市场新需求。
Wen Jia, deputy general secretary of the China Sporting Goods Federation, said fierce competition in the domestic market makes enterprises and merchants provide customized and personalized products and services by meeting customer demand and leveraging technologies.
中国体育用品业联合会副秘书长温嘉表示，国内市场竞争激烈，倒逼企业和商家从客户需求出发，利用科技手段提供定制化、个性化的产品和服务。
The booming sports event economy has attracted buyers across the world to purchase all kinds of sporting goods in Yiwu, known as the \"World's Supermarket\" in east China's Zhejiang Province. In the city, the improved efficiency of customs supervision provides a strong boost for Chinese companies to go global.
赛事经济的带动下，世界各地的采购商抓住商机，来到“世界超市”浙江义乌采购各式各样的体育产品。在这里，海关监管效率的提升也为中国企业走出去提供了强大助力。
Chinese enterprises are not just exporting sporting goods, but also technology, services, and brands.
中国企业不仅出口体育产品，同时也出口技术、服务和品牌。
\"Many foreign clients recognize our manufacturing capabilities and hope to introduce Chinese production technology to their own countries. Our future may not solely involve product exports, but also technology, service, and brand exports,\" said Yang Lei, general manager of the foreign trade department at Hebei Jadeqi Sports Goods Co Ltd.
河北杰帝奇体育用品有限公司外贸部总经理杨磊表示：“国外很多客商对我们的制造业水平很认可，他们也希望把中国的生产技术引进过去。我们以后可能不单纯地进行产品出口，也要进行技术、服务、品牌的出口。”
\"Our overseas strategy aligns with the Belt and Road Initiative. We not only produce products but also offer services and comprehensive solutions, facilitating integration with other industries and making our operations more convenient. Recently, we've been considering building a production base in Serbia, having just visited there, and found the environment and market conditions favorable,\" Yang added.
杨磊说：“我们的出海思路其实就是跟着‘一带一路’走。因为我们不仅做产品，也做服务、做一体化的解决方式，这样可以更好地和其他行业进行整合，对我们来说也更便利。最近，我们正在研究去塞尔维亚建生产基地，刚去那里考察过，环境和市场都不错，很适合做市场。”
英文来源：人民网
编译：丹妮
审校：万月英、齐磊
海关总署近日发布的数据显示，今年上半年，中国体育用品及设备出口同比增长16.7%，高出同期出口整体增速9.8个百分点。世界贸易组织发布的数据报告显示，全球范围内的体育用品贸易在过去近30年里增长了近3倍，而在这30年间，中国已成为全球最大的体育用品出口国。
\n \n The exports of China's sporting goods and equipment surged 16.7 percent year-on-year in the first half of 2024, outpacing the overall export growth during the same period by a whopping 9.8 percentage points, according to data recently released by the General Administration of Customs (GAC).
海关总署近日发布的数据显示，今年上半年，中国体育用品及设备出口同比增长16.7%，高出同期出口整体增速9.8个百分点。
Data from the World Trade Organization showed that global trade in sporting goods has nearly tripled in almost 30 years, and China has become the world's top exporter of sporting goods.
世界贸易组织发布的数据显示，全球范围内的体育用品贸易在过去近30年里增长了近3倍，而在这30年间，中国已成为全球最大的体育用品出口国。
In Jinping county of southwest China's Guizhou Province, a global production hub for badminton shuttlecocks, more than 100,000 shuttlecocks are sold worldwide a day.
在全球重要的羽毛球生产基地——贵州省锦屏县，每天超过10万只羽毛球从这里“飞”向全球。
\"We've calculated that about one in every 10 shuttlecocks in the world comes from Jinping,\" said Hu Bing, production manager of Guizhou RSL Sports Culture Development Co., Ltd.
贵州亚狮龙体育文化产业发展有限公司生产经理胡兵说：“我们统计过，全球大约每10只羽毛球，就有1只产自锦屏。”
Last year, the company produced over 4 million dozen shuttlecocks, generating a staggering output value of 340 million yuan ($47.73 million) and exporting nearly $9 million worth of shuttlecocks to over 60 countries and regions, Hu noted.
胡兵说，公司去年产值3.4亿元，生产羽毛球超400多万打，出口总额近900万美元，产品销往60多个国家和地区。
The first half of 2024 saw the company achieve even more remarkable growth, with the output value of shuttlecocks reaching 185 million yuan and exports skyrocketing by around 40 percent compared to the same period last year.
今年上半年，该公司营业额进一步增长，产值达1.85亿元，出口比去年同期增长了40%左右。
In the first quarter of 2024, China's exports of footballs, basketballs, and volleyballs saw a year-on-year increase of 33.57 percent in volume and 17.99 percent in value, while that of table tennis, badminton, and tennis equipment increased 0.93 percent from the same period last year to $204 million, according to GAC data.
根据海关总署数据，2024年第一季度，中国足球、篮球、排球出口量同比增长33.57%，出口额同比增长17.99%；乒乓球、羽毛球、网球及相关用品累计出口额2.04亿美元，同比增长0.93%。
In the first three months of this year, the country's exports of roller skates and skateboards surged 30.85 percent and 50.21 percent year-on-year, respectively. The inclusion of skateboarding as an Olympic sport has further fueled demand, particularly in countries like Russia and Japan.
今年一季度，中国旱冰鞋和滑板出口量同比分别大幅增长30.85%和50.21%。随着滑板成为奥运项目，带动俄罗斯、日本等国消费，滑板出口额增长显著。
In addition, treadmill exports jumped by 44.94 percent year-on-year in the first quarter, while artificial turf exports grew by 15.64 percent from the same period last year.
此外，一季度跑步机和人造草同比也分别增长44.94%和15.64%。
To boost the pace of \"going global,\" Chinese sporting goods companies need to rely on greener sporting goods with higher technological content, said Bao Mingxiao, director of the China Sports Policy Research Institute at Beijing Sport University.
北京体育大学中国体育政策研究院院长鲍明晓表示，企业出海的步伐要更加坚实有力，靠的是更具科技含量、更加绿色环保的“硬实力”。
Dingqi Sports Goods (Huai'an) Co., Ltd. in Huai'an city, east China's Jiangsu Province specializes in the production of ball bladders, including those used in the production of footballs, volleyballs, basketballs and rugby balls. 70 percent of its products are exported overseas. For the Paris Olympics, the company exported products made from 70 percent bio-based materials.
江苏淮安的顶碁运动用品（淮安）有限公司专门生产运动用足球、排球、篮球、橄榄球等球类产品内胆，产品70%出口海外。巴黎奥运会就使用了这家企业研发的含有70%生物基的产品。
\"This type of football is equipped with a chip capable of making 500 identifications per second to assist in determining a handball or offside instances,\" said Zhou Hongda, general manager of the company, adding that it produces ball bladders made from recycled and bio-based materials.
顶碁运动用品（淮安）有限公司总经理周宏达表示：“这款足球植入了芯片，1秒内能做500次识别动作，通过实时数据辅助判断是否手球、越位等。” 他介绍，该公司的足球内胆用回收材料、生物基材料制成。
Since the start of this year, the company has exported 4.07 million balls for training and games, including those used in the UEFA European Championship, Copa America, and the Paris Olympics.
今年以来，这家公司已出口欧洲杯、美洲杯、奥运会等赛事用球及训练用球407万个。
Zhou believes that the key to the popularity of \"Made-in-China\" sporting goods overseas lies in continuous innovation, higher technological content, and adapting to new market demand.
周宏达认为，“中国制造”体育用品赢得海外市场的关键就在于不断创新，增加产品的科技含量，适应市场新需求。
Wen Jia, deputy general secretary of the China Sporting Goods Federation, said fierce competition in the domestic market makes enterprises and merchants provide customized and personalized products and services by meeting customer demand and leveraging technologies.
中国体育用品业联合会副秘书长温嘉表示，国内市场竞争激烈，倒逼企业和商家从客户需求出发，利用科技手段提供定制化、个性化的产品和服务。
The booming sports event economy has attracted buyers across the world to purchase all kinds of sporting goods in Yiwu, known as the \"World's Supermarket\" in east China's Zhejiang Province. In the city, the improved efficiency of customs supervision provides a strong boost for Chinese companies to go global.
赛事经济的带动下，世界各地的采购商抓住商机，来到“世界超市”浙江义乌采购各式各样的体育产品。在这里，海关监管效率的提升也为中国企业走出去提供了强大助力。
Chinese enterprises are not just exporting sporting goods, but also technology, services, and brands.
中国企业不仅出口体育产品，同时也出口技术、服务和品牌。
\"Many foreign clients recognize our manufacturing capabilities and hope to introduce Chinese production technology to their own countries. Our future may not solely involve product exports, but also technology, service, and brand exports,\" said Yang Lei, general manager of the foreign trade department at Hebei Jadeqi Sports Goods Co Ltd.
河北杰帝奇体育用品有限公司外贸部总经理杨磊表示：“国外很多客商对我们的制造业水平很认可，他们也希望把中国的生产技术引进过去。我们以后可能不单纯地进行产品出口，也要进行技术、服务、品牌的出口。”
\"Our overseas strategy aligns with the Belt and Road Initiative. We not only produce products but also offer services and comprehensive solutions, facilitating integration with other industries and making our operations more convenient. Recently, we've been considering building a production base in Serbia, having just visited there, and found the environment and market conditions favorable,\" Yang added.
杨磊说：“我们的出海思路其实就是跟着‘一带一路’走。因为我们不仅做产品，也做服务、做一体化的解决方式，这样可以更好地和其他行业进行整合，对我们来说也更便利。最近，我们正在研究去塞尔维亚建生产基地，刚去那里考察过，环境和市场都不错，很适合做市场。”
英文来源：人民网
编译：丹妮
审校：万月英、齐磊
A new semester means a fresh start. Get your semester started right by practicing these strategies, and your productivity will soar.
新学期意味着新的开始。掌握了新学期的正确打开方式，你的学习效率将会直线上升。
\n
![](\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/02/66d5837ba3108f29a8b6344c.jpeg\")
\n \n
1. Get organized
让一切井井有条
Organization helps you reduce chaos and stress, thus making you more productive. Develop a system at the start of your semester. This may include:
条理性可以帮助你减少混乱和压力，从而让你做事更有效率。在开学时把一切都整理得井井有条，包括：
--Color coded notebooks and/or folders for each class
——给每门课程准备一个彩页笔记本和文件夹；
-- A planner with important dates and deadlines filled out
——准备一个日程表，标注出重要的日子和各项任务的截止日期；
--Cleaning out your backpack, desk, and dorm room to reduce clutter from previous semesters
——清理背包、书桌和宿舍，把前几个学期积攒下来的无用之物处理掉；
--Organizing your computer files (e.g., by school year, semester, course, and assignment type or project)
——整理电脑文件，可以按照学年、学期、课程、作业或项目分门别类；
If you keep track of deadlines, know where to find everything, and maintain a well-organized space, you free up your mind to focus on learning and achieving.
如果你对截止日期了如指掌，知道每样东西放在哪儿，把空间整理得井井有条，你就可以把脑子腾出来专心学习，做出成绩。
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2. Get into a routine
做事有规律
Like being organized, establishing a routine helps your life run smoothly.
和条理性一样，做事有规律可以让你的生活更顺利。
It’s easier said than done, but try waking up and going to sleep around the same time each day (or at least on weekdays). Schedule time for the gym, any clubs or activities you participate in, and studying. Instead of waiting until the last minute to work on assignments or cram in information, set aside studying/homework blocks each day. Choose a time of day when you feel especially productive.
尽管说起来容易做起来难，但是你可以试着每天都在同一时间起床和睡觉（至少在工作日如此）。规划好去健身、去参加社团或其他活动以及学习的时间。每天都要留出一整块时间用于学习和做作业，不要等到最后一刻才赶作业或背书。选择一天中你自认为效率最高的时间来学习。
Start each day on a positive note by preparing the night before. For instance, set out the outfit you’ll wear to class and pack your backpack with the supplies you’ll need that day. Instead of frantically scrambling around in the morning, you’ll begin the day feeling confident and prepared. Ultimately, these small habits make a big difference in your overall mood and performance.
通过在前一天晚上做好准备，以积极的态度开始每一天。举例而言，准备好你明天上课要穿的衣服，在书包里放好明天需要的东西。这样，你就可以在准备充分的情况下自信地开始新的一天，而不是一大早紧张忙乱地到处找东西。最终，这些小习惯将会让你的整体情绪状态和表现大为改观。
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3. Surround yourself with motivated peers
结交好学的同伴
Maybe you’ve heard the saying, “Show me your friends and I’ll show you your future.” It may sound dramatic, but it’s true that the people you spend the most time with have a major influence on you. If your friends are partying every night, skipping class, and seemingly unconcerned about their grades, staying motivated will be an uphill battle for you.
也许你听过这句话：“你身边的朋友决定你的未来。”这也许听起来有些夸张，但是你与之交往时间最长的人对你会产生重大影响，这是事实。如果你的朋友夜夜狂欢，逃课，对成绩毫不在意，那么保持斗志对你来说会非常困难。
Try to make at least one positive friend in every class. Meet ambitious people with clearly defined goals, good study habits, and healthy lifestyles. These friends can help you stay accountable, and they make great study buddies too.
你应该试着每门课程都结交至少一位好学的朋友。结交那些有明确目标、良好学习习惯和健康生活方式的有志向的人。这些朋友可以帮助你保持责任心，也可以成为很好的学伴。
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4. Take good care of yourself
照顾好自己
Finally, remember to practice self-care and healthy habits. When you eat poorly and don’t get enough sleep, it impacts your mood and your mind. You may feel fuzzy and forgetful, and you’ll have a tough time learning new concepts. Obviously, this is not helpful for a successful semester.
最后，记得要照顾好自己，养成健康的生活习惯。如果你吃不好，睡眠不足，就会影响你的情绪和头脑。你可能会觉得脑子迷迷糊糊，变得健忘，在学习新概念时也会感到费劲。显然，这对于成功开展新学期有害无益。
Eat nutritious meals (as often as you can), exercise, and get plenty of rest. Studying in small chunks instead of relying on cram sessions is one way to ensure you sleep enough.
平常多吃有营养的饭菜，坚持锻炼，充分休息。每天学一点，而不是临时抱佛脚，也是确保你睡眠充足的一个方式。
Creating new habits is tough at first. Stick with it, and you’ll find that you’re far more productive and successful—and probably happier, too.
养成新习惯一开始很难。坚持下来，你会发现你远比以前效率更高、更成功，应该也会更快乐。
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英文来源：Niche
\n编译：丹妮
\n审校：董静、齐磊
\n\nA new semester means a fresh start. Get your semester started right by practicing these strategies, and your productivity will soar.
新学期意味着新的开始。掌握了新学期的正确打开方式，你的学习效率将会直线上升。
\n
\n \n
1. Get organized
让一切井井有条
Organization helps you reduce chaos and stress, thus making you more productive. Develop a system at the start of your semester. This may include:
条理性可以帮助你减少混乱和压力，从而让你做事更有效率。在开学时把一切都整理得井井有条，包括：
--Color coded notebooks and/or folders for each class
——给每门课程准备一个彩页笔记本和文件夹；
-- A planner with important dates and deadlines filled out
——准备一个日程表，标注出重要的日子和各项任务的截止日期；
--Cleaning out your backpack, desk, and dorm room to reduce clutter from previous semesters
——清理背包、书桌和宿舍，把前几个学期积攒下来的无用之物处理掉；
--Organizing your computer files (e.g., by school year, semester, course, and assignment type or project)
——整理电脑文件，可以按照学年、学期、课程、作业或项目分门别类；
If you keep track of deadlines, know where to find everything, and maintain a well-organized space, you free up your mind to focus on learning and achieving.
如果你对截止日期了如指掌，知道每样东西放在哪儿，把空间整理得井井有条，你就可以把脑子腾出来专心学习，做出成绩。
\n
2. Get into a routine
做事有规律
Like being organized, establishing a routine helps your life run smoothly.
和条理性一样，做事有规律可以让你的生活更顺利。
It’s easier said than done, but try waking up and going to sleep around the same time each day (or at least on weekdays). Schedule time for the gym, any clubs or activities you participate in, and studying. Instead of waiting until the last minute to work on assignments or cram in information, set aside studying/homework blocks each day. Choose a time of day when you feel especially productive.
尽管说起来容易做起来难，但是你可以试着每天都在同一时间起床和睡觉（至少在工作日如此）。规划好去健身、去参加社团或其他活动以及学习的时间。每天都要留出一整块时间用于学习和做作业，不要等到最后一刻才赶作业或背书。选择一天中你自认为效率最高的时间来学习。
Start each day on a positive note by preparing the night before. For instance, set out the outfit you’ll wear to class and pack your backpack with the supplies you’ll need that day. Instead of frantically scrambling around in the morning, you’ll begin the day feeling confident and prepared. Ultimately, these small habits make a big difference in your overall mood and performance.
通过在前一天晚上做好准备，以积极的态度开始每一天。举例而言，准备好你明天上课要穿的衣服，在书包里放好明天需要的东西。这样，你就可以在准备充分的情况下自信地开始新的一天，而不是一大早紧张忙乱地到处找东西。最终，这些小习惯将会让你的整体情绪状态和表现大为改观。
\n
3. Surround yourself with motivated peers
结交好学的同伴
Maybe you’ve heard the saying, “Show me your friends and I’ll show you your future.” It may sound dramatic, but it’s true that the people you spend the most time with have a major influence on you. If your friends are partying every night, skipping class, and seemingly unconcerned about their grades, staying motivated will be an uphill battle for you.
也许你听过这句话：“你身边的朋友决定你的未来。”这也许听起来有些夸张，但是你与之交往时间最长的人对你会产生重大影响，这是事实。如果你的朋友夜夜狂欢，逃课，对成绩毫不在意，那么保持斗志对你来说会非常困难。
Try to make at least one positive friend in every class. Meet ambitious people with clearly defined goals, good study habits, and healthy lifestyles. These friends can help you stay accountable, and they make great study buddies too.
你应该试着每门课程都结交至少一位好学的朋友。结交那些有明确目标、良好学习习惯和健康生活方式的有志向的人。这些朋友可以帮助你保持责任心，也可以成为很好的学伴。
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4. Take good care of yourself
照顾好自己
Finally, remember to practice self-care and healthy habits. When you eat poorly and don’t get enough sleep, it impacts your mood and your mind. You may feel fuzzy and forgetful, and you’ll have a tough time learning new concepts. Obviously, this is not helpful for a successful semester.
最后，记得要照顾好自己，养成健康的生活习惯。如果你吃不好，睡眠不足，就会影响你的情绪和头脑。你可能会觉得脑子迷迷糊糊，变得健忘，在学习新概念时也会感到费劲。显然，这对于成功开展新学期有害无益。
Eat nutritious meals (as often as you can), exercise, and get plenty of rest. Studying in small chunks instead of relying on cram sessions is one way to ensure you sleep enough.
平常多吃有营养的饭菜，坚持锻炼，充分休息。每天学一点，而不是临时抱佛脚，也是确保你睡眠充足的一个方式。
Creating new habits is tough at first. Stick with it, and you’ll find that you’re far more productive and successful—and probably happier, too.
养成新习惯一开始很难。坚持下来，你会发现你远比以前效率更高、更成功，应该也会更快乐。
\n
英文来源：Niche
\n编译：丹妮
\n审校：董静、齐磊
\n\n![](\"https://img2.chinadaily.com.cn/images/202409/02/66d582b8a3108f29a8b63440.jpeg\")
\n 美国商业内幕网8月30日报道称，美国知名经济学家、罗森伯格研究公司总裁大卫·罗森伯格表示，近期一系列信号提示，美国经济陷入衰退的可能性正在上升。文章摘编如下：
\nThe probability of a recession hitting the US economy is rising after a flurry of signals have flashed in recent weeks and months.
在近期（最近几周和数月内）一系列信号亮起后，美国经济陷入衰退的可能性正在上升。
That's according to economist David Rosenberg of Rosenberg Research, who compiled a list of recessionary indicators in a note on Friday.
美国罗森伯格研究公司总裁大卫·罗森伯格在8月30日发布的一份报告中汇编了一份衰退指标清单。
\"What is the best recession indicator? That's a hard question to answer — why not dodge it completely and just look at all of them?\" Rosenberg asked.
他提出：“最准确的衰退指标是什么？这是一个很难回答的问题——为什么不避开这个问题，看看所有这些指标呢？”
According to Rosenberg, some worrying signals have historically only flashed on the precipice of an economic downturn.
罗森伯格表示，在历史上，一些令人担忧的信号只有在经济即将陷入衰退时才会出现。
\"The 'indicator of indicators' indicates recession,\" Rosenberg said.
罗森伯格称：“‘指标的指标’预示着经济衰退。”
Of the 20 recession indicators compiled by Rosenberg, nine have been triggered.
罗森伯格编制的20个衰退指标中，有9个已经触发。
Some of the recession signals that have flashed include the Sahm Rule, the Leading Economic Indicator Index, and the inverted yield curve, among others.
被触发的衰退指标包括萨姆规则、先行指数和倒挂的收益率曲线等。
\"Currently, 45% of the recession indicators we tracked have been triggered. Going back to 1999, that's never happened without a recession occurring,\" Rosenberg said.
罗森伯格说：“目前，我们追踪的经济衰退指标中有45%已经触发。自1999年以来，从来没有出现这种情况而不发生衰退的。”
The list of signals flashing has steadily risen since 2022, when only 10% were triggered. That rose to about 25% in 2023 and the first half of 2024.
自2022年以来，预示美国经济陷入衰退的信号数量一直都在稳步上升，当时只有10%被触发。2023年和2024年上半年，这一比例上升到了25%左右。
But since then, the recession warnings have been growing.
而自那以后，关于美国经济衰退的警告越来越多。
\"Sometimes more is more, and this is a case in point. Looking at recession thresholds across different sectors of the economy makes it clear that something has been changing since mid-2024 — the long-anticipated slowdown may finally be arriving,\" Rosenberg said.
罗森伯格说：“有时更多就是更多，这就是一个很好的例证。观察不同经济部门的衰退阈值可以清楚地看出，自2024年中期以来，一些事情一直在发生变化——经济衰退可能真的要来了。”
编辑：董静
审校：陈丹妮 万月英
\n\n
\n 美国商业内幕网8月30日报道称，美国知名经济学家、罗森伯格研究公司总裁大卫·罗森伯格表示，近期一系列信号提示，美国经济陷入衰退的可能性正在上升。文章摘编如下：
\nThe probability of a recession hitting the US economy is rising after a flurry of signals have flashed in recent weeks and months.
在近期（最近几周和数月内）一系列信号亮起后，美国经济陷入衰退的可能性正在上升。
That's according to economist David Rosenberg of Rosenberg Research, who compiled a list of recessionary indicators in a note on Friday.
美国罗森伯格研究公司总裁大卫·罗森伯格在8月30日发布的一份报告中汇编了一份衰退指标清单。
\"What is the best recession indicator? That's a hard question to answer — why not dodge it completely and just look at all of them?\" Rosenberg asked.
他提出：“最准确的衰退指标是什么？这是一个很难回答的问题——为什么不避开这个问题，看看所有这些指标呢？”
According to Rosenberg, some worrying signals have historically only flashed on the precipice of an economic downturn.
罗森伯格表示，在历史上，一些令人担忧的信号只有在经济即将陷入衰退时才会出现。
\"The 'indicator of indicators' indicates recession,\" Rosenberg said.
罗森伯格称：“‘指标的指标’预示着经济衰退。”
Of the 20 recession indicators compiled by Rosenberg, nine have been triggered.
罗森伯格编制的20个衰退指标中，有9个已经触发。
Some of the recession signals that have flashed include the Sahm Rule, the Leading Economic Indicator Index, and the inverted yield curve, among others.
被触发的衰退指标包括萨姆规则、先行指数和倒挂的收益率曲线等。
\"Currently, 45% of the recession indicators we tracked have been triggered. Going back to 1999, that's never happened without a recession occurring,\" Rosenberg said.
罗森伯格说：“目前，我们追踪的经济衰退指标中有45%已经触发。自1999年以来，从来没有出现这种情况而不发生衰退的。”
The list of signals flashing has steadily risen since 2022, when only 10% were triggered. That rose to about 25% in 2023 and the first half of 2024.
自2022年以来，预示美国经济陷入衰退的信号数量一直都在稳步上升，当时只有10%被触发。2023年和2024年上半年，这一比例上升到了25%左右。
But since then, the recession warnings have been growing.
而自那以后，关于美国经济衰退的警告越来越多。
\"Sometimes more is more, and this is a case in point. Looking at recession thresholds across different sectors of the economy makes it clear that something has been changing since mid-2024 — the long-anticipated slowdown may finally be arriving,\" Rosenberg said.
罗森伯格说：“有时更多就是更多，这就是一个很好的例证。观察不同经济部门的衰退阈值可以清楚地看出，自2024年中期以来，一些事情一直在发生变化——经济衰退可能真的要来了。”
编辑：董静
审校：陈丹妮 万月英
\n\n
清晨悦耳的鸟鸣让人心旷神怡，但是一天中的其他时间却很少能听到鸟叫。为什么鸟儿都喜欢在清晨歌唱？来本文中寻找答案吧。
\n\n
\n \n
Wake up early enough and, depending on where you live, you’ll likely hear a pleasant chorus of birds chirping their tiny hearts out. This am avian arrangement is instinctual behavior for birds, but why?
早上起得够早的话，在你所住的地方也许能听到一阵悦耳的鸟鸣。在清晨歌唱是鸟的本能行为，但是鸟鸣为什么都在清晨呢？
\n
According to the Woodland Trust, this early singing is known as the dawn chorus, and it can start as early as 4 am and last for several hours. Birds do it to attract mates and warn other birds to avoid their turf. One theory as to why they opt for the wee hours to communicate these important messages is because the low visibility makes it hard to do other bird activities, like foraging. Keeping their activity level low, they opt to sing instead.
林地信托机构称，鸟儿在清晨鸣叫最早从凌晨4点开始，可持续数个小时。鸟鸣叫是为了吸引配偶，也是为了警告其他鸟不要入侵自己的领地。关于鸟类为什么选择在凌晨传递这些重要信息，有一个理论是，凌晨能见度低，鸟类难以进行觅食等其他活动，既然无事可做，那么鸟儿就转而选择鸣叫。
\n
Another theory argues that birds use the morning vocals to project an image of strength. By singing with fervor, they’re letting other birds know they survived the night—no guarantee in nature—and would make for an excellent mate.
另一种理论认为，鸟类利用晨鸣来展示自己的力量。通过热情地歌唱，它们让其他鸟儿知道自己已经安然度过黑夜——要知道自然界的动物过着朝不保夕的日子，不一定能看见明天的太阳——并能够成为出色的伴侣。
\n
Like a good recording studio, the early morning hours also allow birds to transmit a clear tune thanks to the cooler, drier air. Because birds have distinctive chirps, that clarity helps them be more easily identified by birds within listening distance.
清晨的空气更凉爽、更干燥，就像一个效果很好的录音棚，鸟儿在此时歌唱能传递出清晰的音质。因为鸟儿的声音各有不同，这种清晰度可以让听得见的鸟儿更容易识别出它们的声音。
\n
There used to be a prevailing theory that birds sang so much in the mornings because the sounds could travel greater distances due to less atmospheric turbulence, but it was disproven by researchers at the University of Western Ontario in 2003. They played recordings of sparrows at dawn and midday. The songs didn’t travel farther, but they were more consistent.
过去有一个流行的理论认为，鸟儿最爱在清晨鸣叫是因为在气流稳定的时候声音能传播得更远。但是西安大略大学的研究人员在2003年否定了这一理论。研究人员在黎明和中午分别播放了麻雀的录音。然而麻雀声音并没有传播得更远，只不过黎明时分麻雀的叫声更连贯。
\n
Because birds only have so much energy to belt one out, singing when they stand the best chance of being heard makes sense. For a bird, an early morning session is like having the perfect acoustic environment for their performance.
因为鸟儿只能用有限的精力来鸣叫，它们自然会选择在最可能被听到的时候歌唱。对一只鸟儿来说，清晨鸣叫相当于在最佳音效环境中表演。
\n
英文来源：Mental Floss
\n编译：丹妮
\n审校：董静、齐磊
\n\n清晨悦耳的鸟鸣让人心旷神怡，但是一天中的其他时间却很少能听到鸟叫。为什么鸟儿都喜欢在清晨歌唱？来本文中寻找答案吧。
\n\n
\n \n
Wake up early enough and, depending on where you live, you’ll likely hear a pleasant chorus of birds chirping their tiny hearts out. This am avian arrangement is instinctual behavior for birds, but why?
早上起得够早的话，在你所住的地方也许能听到一阵悦耳的鸟鸣。在清晨歌唱是鸟的本能行为，但是鸟鸣为什么都在清晨呢？
\n
According to the Woodland Trust, this early singing is known as the dawn chorus, and it can start as early as 4 am and last for several hours. Birds do it to attract mates and warn other birds to avoid their turf. One theory as to why they opt for the wee hours to communicate these important messages is because the low visibility makes it hard to do other bird activities, like foraging. Keeping their activity level low, they opt to sing instead.
林地信托机构称，鸟儿在清晨鸣叫最早从凌晨4点开始，可持续数个小时。鸟鸣叫是为了吸引配偶，也是为了警告其他鸟不要入侵自己的领地。关于鸟类为什么选择在凌晨传递这些重要信息，有一个理论是，凌晨能见度低，鸟类难以进行觅食等其他活动，既然无事可做，那么鸟儿就转而选择鸣叫。
\n
Another theory argues that birds use the morning vocals to project an image of strength. By singing with fervor, they’re letting other birds know they survived the night—no guarantee in nature—and would make for an excellent mate.
另一种理论认为，鸟类利用晨鸣来展示自己的力量。通过热情地歌唱，它们让其他鸟儿知道自己已经安然度过黑夜——要知道自然界的动物过着朝不保夕的日子，不一定能看见明天的太阳——并能够成为出色的伴侣。
\n
Like a good recording studio, the early morning hours also allow birds to transmit a clear tune thanks to the cooler, drier air. Because birds have distinctive chirps, that clarity helps them be more easily identified by birds within listening distance.
清晨的空气更凉爽、更干燥，就像一个效果很好的录音棚，鸟儿在此时歌唱能传递出清晰的音质。因为鸟儿的声音各有不同，这种清晰度可以让听得见的鸟儿更容易识别出它们的声音。
\n
There used to be a prevailing theory that birds sang so much in the mornings because the sounds could travel greater distances due to less atmospheric turbulence, but it was disproven by researchers at the University of Western Ontario in 2003. They played recordings of sparrows at dawn and midday. The songs didn’t travel farther, but they were more consistent.
过去有一个流行的理论认为，鸟儿最爱在清晨鸣叫是因为在气流稳定的时候声音能传播得更远。但是西安大略大学的研究人员在2003年否定了这一理论。研究人员在黎明和中午分别播放了麻雀的录音。然而麻雀声音并没有传播得更远，只不过黎明时分麻雀的叫声更连贯。
\n
Because birds only have so much energy to belt one out, singing when they stand the best chance of being heard makes sense. For a bird, an early morning session is like having the perfect acoustic environment for their performance.
因为鸟儿只能用有限的精力来鸣叫，它们自然会选择在最可能被听到的时候歌唱。对一只鸟儿来说，清晨鸣叫相当于在最佳音效环境中表演。
\n
英文来源：Mental Floss
\n编译：丹妮
\n审校：董静、齐磊
\n\nA new semester means a fresh start. Get your semester started right by practicing these strategies, and your productivity will soar.
新学期意味着新的开始。掌握了新学期的正确打开方式，你的学习效率将会直线上升。
\n
\n \n
1. Get organized
让一切井井有条
Organization helps you reduce chaos and stress, thus making you more productive. Develop a system at the start of your semester. This may include:
条理性可以帮助你减少混乱和压力，从而让你做事更有效率。在开学时把一切都整理得井井有条，包括：
--Color coded notebooks and/or folders for each class
——给每门课程准备一个彩页笔记本和文件夹；
-- A planner with important dates and deadlines filled out
——准备一个日程表，标注出重要的日子和各项任务的截止日期；
--Cleaning out your backpack, desk, and dorm room to reduce clutter from previous semesters
——清理背包、书桌和宿舍，把前几个学期积攒下来的无用之物处理掉；
--Organizing your computer files (e.g., by school year, semester, course, and assignment type or project)
——整理电脑文件，可以按照学年、学期、课程、作业或项目分门别类；
If you keep track of deadlines, know where to find everything, and maintain a well-organized space, you free up your mind to focus on learning and achieving.
如果你对截止日期了如指掌，知道每样东西放在哪儿，把空间整理得井井有条，你就可以把脑子腾出来专心学习，做出成绩。
\n
2. Get into a routine
做事有规律
Like being organized, establishing a routine helps your life run smoothly.
和条理性一样，做事有规律可以让你的生活更顺利。
It’s easier said than done, but try waking up and going to sleep around the same time each day (or at least on weekdays). Schedule time for the gym, any clubs or activities you participate in, and studying. Instead of waiting until the last minute to work on assignments or cram in information, set aside studying/homework blocks each day. Choose a time of day when you feel especially productive.
尽管说起来容易做起来难，但是你可以试着每天都在同一时间起床和睡觉（至少在工作日如此）。规划好去健身、去参加社团或其他活动以及学习的时间。每天都要留出一整块时间用于学习和做作业，不要等到最后一刻才赶作业或背书。选择一天中你自认为效率最高的时间来学习。
Start each day on a positive note by preparing the night before. For instance, set out the outfit you’ll wear to class and pack your backpack with the supplies you’ll need that day. Instead of frantically scrambling around in the morning, you’ll begin the day feeling confident and prepared. Ultimately, these small habits make a big difference in your overall mood and performance.
通过在前一天晚上做好准备，以积极的态度开始每一天。举例而言，准备好你明天上课要穿的衣服，在书包里放好明天需要的东西。这样，你就可以在准备充分的情况下自信地开始新的一天，而不是一大早紧张忙乱地到处找东西。最终，这些小习惯将会让你的整体情绪状态和表现大为改观。
\n
3. Surround yourself with motivated peers
结交好学的同伴
Maybe you’ve heard the saying, “Show me your friends and I’ll show you your future.” It may sound dramatic, but it’s true that the people you spend the most time with have a major influence on you. If your friends are partying every night, skipping class, and seemingly unconcerned about their grades, staying motivated will be an uphill battle for you.
也许你听过这句话：“你身边的朋友决定你的未来。”这也许听起来有些夸张，但是你与之交往时间最长的人对你会产生重大影响，这是事实。如果你的朋友夜夜狂欢，逃课，对成绩毫不在意，那么保持斗志对你来说会非常困难。
Try to make at least one positive friend in every class. Meet ambitious people with clearly defined goals, good study habits, and healthy lifestyles. These friends can help you stay accountable, and they make great study buddies too.
你应该试着每门课程都结交至少一位好学的朋友。结交那些有明确目标、良好学习习惯和健康生活方式的有志向的人。这些朋友可以帮助你保持责任心，也可以成为很好的学伴。
\n
4. Take good care of yourself
照顾好自己
Finally, remember to practice self-care and healthy habits. When you eat poorly and don’t get enough sleep, it impacts your mood and your mind. You may feel fuzzy and forgetful, and you’ll have a tough time learning new concepts. Obviously, this is not helpful for a successful semester.
最后，记得要照顾好自己，养成健康的生活习惯。如果你吃不好，睡眠不足，就会影响你的情绪和头脑。你可能会觉得脑子迷迷糊糊，变得健忘，在学习新概念时也会感到费劲。显然，这对于成功开展新学期有害无益。
Eat nutritious meals (as often as you can), exercise, and get plenty of rest. Studying in small chunks instead of relying on cram sessions is one way to ensure you sleep enough.
平常多吃有营养的饭菜，坚持锻炼，充分休息。每天学一点，而不是临时抱佛脚，也是确保你睡眠充足的一个方式。
Creating new habits is tough at first. Stick with it, and you’ll find that you’re far more productive and successful—and probably happier, too.
养成新习惯一开始很难。坚持下来，你会发现你远比以前效率更高、更成功，应该也会更快乐。
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英文来源：Niche
\n编译：丹妮
\n审校：董静、齐磊
\n\nA new semester means a fresh start. Get your semester started right by practicing these strategies, and your productivity will soar.
新学期意味着新的开始。掌握了新学期的正确打开方式，你的学习效率将会直线上升。
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1. Get organized
让一切井井有条
Organization helps you reduce chaos and stress, thus making you more productive. Develop a system at the start of your semester. This may include:
条理性可以帮助你减少混乱和压力，从而让你做事更有效率。在开学时把一切都整理得井井有条，包括：
--Color coded notebooks and/or folders for each class
——给每门课程准备一个彩页笔记本和文件夹；
-- A planner with important dates and deadlines filled out
——准备一个日程表，标注出重要的日子和各项任务的截止日期；
--Cleaning out your backpack, desk, and dorm room to reduce clutter from previous semesters
——清理背包、书桌和宿舍，把前几个学期积攒下来的无用之物处理掉；
--Organizing your computer files (e.g., by school year, semester, course, and assignment type or project)
——整理电脑文件，可以按照学年、学期、课程、作业或项目分门别类；
If you keep track of deadlines, know where to find everything, and maintain a well-organized space, you free up your mind to focus on learning and achieving.
如果你对截止日期了如指掌，知道每样东西放在哪儿，把空间整理得井井有条，你就可以把脑子腾出来专心学习，做出成绩。
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2. Get into a routine
做事有规律
Like being organized, establishing a routine helps your life run smoothly.
和条理性一样，做事有规律可以让你的生活更顺利。
It’s easier said than done, but try waking up and going to sleep around the same time each day (or at least on weekdays). Schedule time for the gym, any clubs or activities you participate in, and studying. Instead of waiting until the last minute to work on assignments or cram in information, set aside studying/homework blocks each day. Choose a time of day when you feel especially productive.
尽管说起来容易做起来难，但是你可以试着每天都在同一时间起床和睡觉（至少在工作日如此）。规划好去健身、去参加社团或其他活动以及学习的时间。每天都要留出一整块时间用于学习和做作业，不要等到最后一刻才赶作业或背书。选择一天中你自认为效率最高的时间来学习。
Start each day on a positive note by preparing the night before. For instance, set out the outfit you’ll wear to class and pack your backpack with the supplies you’ll need that day. Instead of frantically scrambling around in the morning, you’ll begin the day feeling confident and prepared. Ultimately, these small habits make a big difference in your overall mood and performance.
通过在前一天晚上做好准备，以积极的态度开始每一天。举例而言，准备好你明天上课要穿的衣服，在书包里放好明天需要的东西。这样，你就可以在准备充分的情况下自信地开始新的一天，而不是一大早紧张忙乱地到处找东西。最终，这些小习惯将会让你的整体情绪状态和表现大为改观。
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3. Surround yourself with motivated peers
结交好学的同伴
Maybe you’ve heard the saying, “Show me your friends and I’ll show you your future.” It may sound dramatic, but it’s true that the people you spend the most time with have a major influence on you. If your friends are partying every night, skipping class, and seemingly unconcerned about their grades, staying motivated will be an uphill battle for you.
也许你听过这句话：“你身边的朋友决定你的未来。”这也许听起来有些夸张，但是你与之交往时间最长的人对你会产生重大影响，这是事实。如果你的朋友夜夜狂欢，逃课，对成绩毫不在意，那么保持斗志对你来说会非常困难。
Try to make at least one positive friend in every class. Meet ambitious people with clearly defined goals, good study habits, and healthy lifestyles. These friends can help you stay accountable, and they make great study buddies too.
你应该试着每门课程都结交至少一位好学的朋友。结交那些有明确目标、良好学习习惯和健康生活方式的有志向的人。这些朋友可以帮助你保持责任心，也可以成为很好的学伴。
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4. Take good care of yourself
照顾好自己
Finally, remember to practice self-care and healthy habits. When you eat poorly and don’t get enough sleep, it impacts your mood and your mind. You may feel fuzzy and forgetful, and you’ll have a tough time learning new concepts. Obviously, this is not helpful for a successful semester.
最后，记得要照顾好自己，养成健康的生活习惯。如果你吃不好，睡眠不足，就会影响你的情绪和头脑。你可能会觉得脑子迷迷糊糊，变得健忘，在学习新概念时也会感到费劲。显然，这对于成功开展新学期有害无益。
Eat nutritious meals (as often as you can), exercise, and get plenty of rest. Studying in small chunks instead of relying on cram sessions is one way to ensure you sleep enough.
平常多吃有营养的饭菜，坚持锻炼，充分休息。每天学一点，而不是临时抱佛脚，也是确保你睡眠充足的一个方式。
Creating new habits is tough at first. Stick with it, and you’ll find that you’re far more productive and successful—and probably happier, too.
养成新习惯一开始很难。坚持下来，你会发现你远比以前效率更高、更成功，应该也会更快乐。
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英文来源：Niche
\n编译：丹妮
\n审校：董静、齐磊
\n\n![\"图片\"](\"http://img2.jintiankansha.me/get?src=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/laADTC8BCK5sbRbqWpNPCUYibIYbC7RFRAHn32PAWbKDIM6A4MkicYHOWIR0Hy6iamToAdrvvPDeu5T15EKXjC1Fg/640?wx_fmt=png\")