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\n \n \n 获取方式\n \n \n \n
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\n \n 1、点赞+在看\n \n
\n\n \n 2、后台回复：\n \n \n \n 学习\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 获取方式\n \n \n \n
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\n \n 1、点赞+在看\n \n
\n\n \n 2、后台回复：\n \n \n \n 学习\n \n \n
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\n \n “爸爸，我们来玩一个游戏。”\n \n
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\n \n “好啊。”\n \n
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\n \n “这游戏叫萝卜萝卜配。你这样，这样。好了，我们开始了哈，你就出这个，我出这个。”\n \n
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\n \n 每次这样的配合都以孩子的胜利告终。\n \n
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\n \n 桥牌也是一个极其讲究配合的游戏，通常我们在选择定约的时候，更加倾向于选择5-3配或者4-4配的有将定约或者更长，如果只是4-3配，我们一般会选择无将或者其他花色。\n \n
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\n \n 但也有例外。\n \n
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\n \n 牌例：\n \n
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\n \n 叫牌过程如下：\n \n
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\n \n 如果说在北家做出技术性加倍后，南家首先叫出2S尚属合理的话，那么在北家扣叫对方所叫花色要求南家进一步澄清牌型的情况下。\n \n
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\n \n 南家再叫3S而不叫出4C则似乎有些欠妥，因为南家手中的黑桃毕竟仅有四张而草花却有五张之多。\n \n
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\n\n \n 从理论上讲，定约方在选择有将定约时，大多都以4－4或5－3将牌配合为条件，若遇仅有4—3配合，则一般都会选择主打其它花色或者无将。\n \n
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\n \n 但《桥牌世界》杂志早期的主编莫耶塞对此却不以为然，并极力提倡在条件具备时以选择4－3配合的高花定约为佳，因而人们便将4—3配将的高花定约称为“莫耶塞配合”（Moysian Fit)。\n \n
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\n \n 当然 ，在选择“莫耶塞配合”时通常应具备以下两个条件：\n \n
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\n \n ①所选高花的大牌应完全或基本齐全，即A－K－Q－J－10－（甚至包括9）均在定约方手中。这样；持有四张将牌的那家（多为庄家）就不致有被\"缩将\"之忧。\n \n
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\n \n ②应叫方通常需在所选将牌中至少持有 K-J-X或 Q-X-X，从而判断出本方将牌坚实；同时还需在边花中持有单张或缺门，以便获得将吃利益。\n \n
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\n\n \n 以此论之，南家在此选择的“莫耶塞配合”确实过分，不过他的高超做庄技巧倒是不同凡响。\n \n
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\n\n \n 西家首攻DA，东家跟出D10明确表示欢迎；西家续出D6，东家以DK得进后再打出第三轮方块，庄家以S5将吃。\n \n
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\n \n 此时，南家推算。\n \n
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\n \n 防守方总共持有13点大牌，可DK又在东家手中，看来防守方所拥有的其它大牌理应都在西家，因为西家毕竟是在第三家的位置上开叫1D；\n \n
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\n \n 另外，由于防守方共持有SJ-10—9—8一X一X六张将牌，所以如果东西两家的黑桃并非3—3分布，那么庄家在将牌中就会至少有一个无法避免的失张，但愿防守方的将牌不偏于4-2。\n \n
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\n\n \n 基于上述分析，南家选择如下做庄路线；拿掉手中的SA-K并接着再出小红心，西家放小，明手以HJ飞得；明手兑现HA后，续出H6给手中的S7将吃。\n \n
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\n\n \n 庄家打出C3，明手以CA得进并兑现SQ，东家跟出S9，庄家垫出C5，西家垫掉DJ。\n \n
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\n \n 明手打出HK，从而使东家陷入困境：因为东家手中已无方块，所以不论东家在此是否将吃，防守方再能获得的均只有一墩SJ。\n \n
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\n \n 结果，南家共拿到三墩黑桃、 两墩红心和一墩红心将吃、三墩草花及一墩方块将吃，共计十墩牌。\n \n
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\n \n \n 盛夏时节，酷暑难耐。恩施利川，中国凉城。桥友相约，避暑旅游。\n \n \n
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\n\n \n \n 7月27日下午，全国桥牌通讯系列赛（7月）在全国各地同时开赛，湖北省桥牌协会将湖北赛区主赛场设在恩施州利川市，顺应桥友夏日避暑和桥牌活动的双重需求。利川宏信和谐医院为本次通讯赛提供赛场和赛事服务。恩施州桥牌协会协办通讯赛。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 赛前举行简短开赛仪式，利川宏信和谐医院院长祝建波先生致欢迎词，湖北省桥牌协会常务副会长兼秘书长沈光明先生讲话并宣布“”全国桥牌通讯训练赛暨‘清凉一夏’桥牌系列活动”开赛。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 从湖北各地到恩施州避暑的24对桥牌爱好者相聚中国凉城，参加通讯赛。另有近20名桥牌爱好者到现场观摩。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 黄石市桥牌协会、襄阳市桥牌协会、十堰市桥牌协会、武汉省电社区活动站和武汉侧航社区活动站等积极创建赛线，吸引桥牌爱好者就近参赛，盛夏酷暑之时，让桥友静享桥牌运动之乐。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 黄石赛场\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 襄阳赛场\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 十堰赛场\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 省电社区活动站赛场\n \n \n
\n\n \n \n 侧航社区活动站赛场\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 武汉市桥牌协会在湖北恩施鹿院坪组织桥牌夏令营；武汉集贤社区活动站多年来坚持组织桥友参加桥牌夏令营活动。通讯赛也是夏令营的桥牌赛事活动之一。\n \n \n
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\n \n \n 桥牌通讯系列赛走进避暑胜地，“桥牌+旅游”引领生活新时尚。\n \n \n
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![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-05/001/20250805_001_01_95183.png\")
Visitors ride camels to tour the Xixia Imperial Tombs in Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui autonomous region, on July 13. Since the tombs were inscribed on the World Heritage List, the scenic spot has seen a tourism boom, with tourists from across the country flocking to experience the charm of Chinese civilization and enjoy the summer holidays.
\n![](\"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/cn/resfile/2025-08-05/001/20250805_003_06_126507.png\")
\nAs the largest existing ancient Chinese venue for imperial sacrificial ceremonies of agriculture, the Altar of the God of Agriculture often seemed to be neglected by bustling visitors who poured into the nearby Temple of Heaven just across Beijing's Central Axis.
\nBut when the Central Axis was inscribed on the World Heritage List in July last year, with the words "Beijing Central Axis: A Building Ensemble Exhibiting the Ideal Order of the Chinese Capital", things changed dramatically.
\nNow the sacrificial altar, as a component of the axis — an ensemble of palaces, ceremonial and public buildings, roads and other aspects governing the overall layout of the old city area of the Chinese capital — is embracing a new scenario. It has received more than 1.2 million visits between July 2024 and last month, a tenfold year-on-year increase, according to the administration of the Beijing Ancient Architecture Museum, which oversees the altar site.
\n"The altar was once merely a relaxation area for residents of local communities. But when people know it provides a good angle to view the northern section of Beijing's Central Axis, tourists rush to the place now," said Lyu Zhou, director of the National Heritage Center at Tsinghua University, who participated in the axis application process. "This is the charm and influence of a World Heritage site."
\nChina has 60 UNESCO World Heritage sites, the second most among all countries. President Xi Jinping's continuous guidance in applications for World Heritage sites has helped to better unveil their outstanding universal value to the world and boost international communication.
\nFollowing the inscription of the Central Axis on the list, Xi, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, called for further efforts to preserve the country's cultural and natural treasures and renew their glamour in the new era. He also noted that such inclusions on the list have added new luster to world civilizations.
\nSince the 18th National Congress of the CPC in 2012, Xi has toured a number of World Heritage sites and made many instructions related to their significance and protection.
\nIn 2016, after receiving a letter from four archaeologists about seeking World Heritage status for the archaeological ruins of Liangzhu city in Hangzhou, the capital of East China's Zhejiang province, Xi proposed the "three-benefits "principle guiding such applications. He said the projects should be beneficial to highlighting the historical and cultural value of Chinese civilization, to demonstrating the spiritual pursuits of the Chinese nation, and to showcasing for the world a comprehensive and authentic ancient and modern China.
\nIn 2003, when Xi was the Party secretary of Zhejiang, he visited the Liangzhu site, a hub for a rice-cultivating and jade-worshiping culture dating back 4,300 to 5,300 years. He called for better protection of the site, which was then facing huge pressure, as it was being disturbed by nearby quarries. Lasting comprehensive protection and studies finally brought World Heritage status in 2019 to the "Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City".
\n"The 'three-benefits' principle proposed by President Xi is fundamental for our application work," said Zheng Jun, a researcher at the China Academy of Cultural Heritage, who is also a World Heritage consultant for the International Council on Monuments and Sites. "It gets rid of the old narrative of history that often centered on the West."
\nFor locals who live around the World Heritage sites, the legacies left by their ancestors bear new fruit. Last year, Xi called for efforts to take UNESCO inclusion as an opportunity to further strengthen the comprehensive and systematic protection of cultural and natural heritage and make good use of the sites to better meet the people's needs.
\n"The application is essentially a process of enhancing protection of the heritage, as each site needs to be improved in legal protection, heritage management and monitoring, and its value must be explained to prepare for the application," said Zheng, adding that "World Heritage sites are key tourist brands".
\nFor example, "The Cultural Landscape of Old Tea Forests of the Jingmai Mountain in Pu'er", in Yunnan province, was listed in 2023. This mountainous area has become a haven for an ancient planting technique, in which tea trees are cultivated under forest canopies. The method is known as the "understory" growing technique, by which sunshine is filtered and moisture ensured.
\n"It represents a format of sustainable development," Zheng said. "Gaining World Heritage status helps to protect the local ecosystem and cultural tradition. It also greatly improves the value of local tea and thus the economy booms."
\nAnother example can be found in Fujian province, where tulou are traditional multifamily, communal living structures of mainly the Hakka people that are built in a circular or square pattern designed for defense purposes. In the past, many young people who lived in tulou migrated to other places to earn a living.
\nIn 2000, when Xi was governor of the province, he coordinated the application work and suggested using the term "Fujian Tulou" in the application process.
\nFujian Tulou became a World Heritage site in 2008. After that, local people who had moved away found that they could earn more from local tourism, so they returned home.
\n"This not only increased their income, but also solved social problems like left-behind children, showing the remarkable influence of the sites in tourism," Zheng said.
\nIn July, the Xixia Imperial Tombs in Yinchuan, the capital of Northwest China's Ningxia Hui autonomous region — currently the most intact archaeological site of the Xixia Dynasty (1038-1227) — became China's newest entry on the World Heritage List, signifying the nation's continued efforts in applying for World Heritage status for its numerous legacies of various ethnic groups.
\nCultural dialogue
\nThrough decades of practice, Chinese professionals have explored effective ways to prepare materials for seeking World Heritage status, enabling the value of China's sites to be understood by experts from other cultural backgrounds, according to Chen Tongbin, honorary director of the Institute of Architectural History affiliated with the China Architecture Design and Research Group.
\nChen has participated in World Heritage application for more than two decades. She said that each inscribed site represents an aspect of Chinese civilization, and by piecing them together, the world can gradually get a comprehensive view of China.
\n"The key point is to view the sites from the perspective of human civilization instead of China's own, extracting the most fundamental elements of them and letting the facts speak," said Chen, who also was the main drafter of documents when seeking World Heritage status for the Xixia Imperial Tombs.
\n"When viewing the Xixia Imperial Tombs from the global perspective, for instance, you will find that none of the existing sites on the World Heritage List had a relation to the Xixia Dynasty or the Tangut people who established it," she said, so the Xixia tombs site "fills in a blank".
\nIn a congratulatory message to the 44th Session of the World Heritage Committee, held in Fuzhou, Fujian, in 2021, President Xi said that China stands ready to work with all countries and UNESCO to strengthen exchanges, boost cooperation and enhance mutual learning to jointly preserve the cultural and natural treasures of the whole of mankind.
\nZheng, the researcher from the China Academy of Cultural Heritage, said, "The World Heritage system is a good platform for international communication and equal dialogue among various civilizations."
\nA remarkable example of such communication was the successful application for inscription on the World Heritage List of "Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor" in 2014 by China and its Central Asian neighbors Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
\n"The ancient Silk Road spanning across Asia, Africa and Europe is one of the world's largest heritage sites, woven together by a vast network of corridors and routes. It's impossible to apply for it all at once", so the applications are instead segmented, said Zheng.
\nDuring the application process, the three countries had frequent conferences to work out details in application strategies, selection of constituting elements, extraction of value, establishment of a multinational joint management system, and preparation of documents in the bid for World Heritage status.
\nThe project proved to be a model for other sections of the Silk Road in applying for World Heritage status. Following the Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor's application success, "Silk Roads: Zarafshan-Karakum Corridor", involving Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, was inscribed on the list in 2023. Chinese experts including Lyu also contributed their ideas during the application process for that corridor.
\n"These sites depict the scenes of communication, dialogue and growth of human civilization throughout history," Lyu said. "For today's people, they also create a space for development through cooperation."
\nContact the writers at wangru1@chinadaily.com.cn
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